{"info": {"total": 68743, "parameters": {"skip": 0, "limit": 1000, "select": "accession_number,accession_number_sortable,cover_accession_number,department,classification_type,gallery,collection,department"}}, "data": [{"id": 94979, "accession_number": "1915.534", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nathaniel Hurd, c. 1765. John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815). Oil on canvas; framed: 90.5 x 78 x 6.5 cm (35 5/8 x 30 11/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 76.2 x 64.8 cm (30 x 25 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1915.534", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Nathaniel Hurd", "creation_date": "c. 1765", "creation_date_earliest": 1760, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 90.5 x 78 x 6.5 cm (35 5/8 x 30 11/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 76.2 x 64.8 cm (30 x 25 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.905, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.78, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.762, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.648, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 705378, "title": "Silver and American Tradition", "description": "<i>Silver and American Tradition</i>. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (February 13-March 19, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520707, "title": "Four Centuries of American Masterpieces", "description": "<i>Four Centuries of American Masterpieces</i>. 1964 New York World's Fair, New York, NY (May 1-October 18, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520960, "title": "John Singleton Copley: A Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>John Singleton Copley: A Retrospective Exhibition</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (organizer) (September 18-October 31, 1965); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (November 20, 1965-January 2, 1966); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (January 22-March 6, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-09-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444647, "title": "The Face of Liberty", "description": "<i>The Face of Liberty</i>. Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (December 23, 1975-February 8, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-12-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 417433, "title": "John Singleton Copley's America", "description": "<i>John Singleton Copley's America</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (June 7-August 27, 1995); The Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (September 26, 1995-January 7, 1996); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (February 4-April 28, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 222076, "title": "Nathaniel Hurd", "description": "<i>Nathaniel Hurd</i>. Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, NY (November 22, 1999-April 10, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-11-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180609, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits", "description": "<i>CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29-December 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, The Inaugural Exhibition (6 June-20 September, 1916); cat. p. 255.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, One Hundred Colonial Portraits (19 June-21 September 1930), cat. no. 50.", "opening_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October, 1936), illus. plate II, cat. no. 23, pp. 21-22.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, An Exhibition of Paintings by John Singleton Copley: In Commemoration of the Two-Hundredth Anniversary of His Birth (22 December, 1936-14 February, 1937), illus. 16.", "opening_date": "1936-12-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore, Baltimore Museum of Art, Two Hundred Years of American Painting, (15 January-28 February, 1938), no. 2.", "opening_date": "1938-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New Haven, Yale University Gallery of Fine Arts, Masterpieces of New England Silver 1650-1800, (18 June-10 September, 1939), ill. no. 224, p. 94.", "opening_date": "1939-06-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Flint, Mich., Flint Institute of Arts, Art Marches On: The Opening and Dedicating Exhibition of the New Flint Institute of Arts (14 November-31 December, 1941), illus no. 53, p. 30.", "opening_date": "1941-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, Ohio, The Dudley P. Allen Memorial Art Museum, The Arts in the Americas in the Eighteenth Century (1946), cat. no. 1 (see Bulletin of the Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, vol. III, no. 3 (May, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dallas, The Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Survey of American Painting from 1700 to the Present (5 October - 3 November 1946); cat. 200 Years of American Painting.", "opening_date": "1946-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Denver, The Denver Art Museum, American Heritage: An Exhibitions of Paintings and Crafts 1770-1790 (7 March-11 April 1948), ill. p. 9.", "opening_date": "1948-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Denver, The Denver Art Museum, Portraiture Through the Ages (9 January - 15 February 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Houston, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, George Washington's World (15 January - 14 February 1954), cat. no. 5.", "opening_date": "1954-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Colonial Silversmiths, Masters and Apprentices (13 November - 30 December 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-11-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Jewett Art Center, Wellesley College, Massachusetts, Four Boston Masters (10 April-11 May, 1959), cat. no. 8, repr. p. 25; traveled to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (19 May - 26 June 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Style, Truth and the Portrait (1 October -10 November, 1963), ill. cat. no. 29.", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Gallery at The Better Living Center, New York World's Fair, Four Centuries of American Masterpieces (22 May-18 October 1964), p. 18, illus. p. 18; (arranged by the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture).", "opening_date": "1964-05-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art, John Singleton Copley, 1738-1815 (18 September - 31 October 1965), pp. 45-9, illus. p. 47; traveled to New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art (20 November 1965 - 2 January 1966); traveled to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (22 January - 6 February 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-09-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum of Western Art, The Face of Liberty: Founders of the United States (23 December 1975 - 8 February 1976), illus. colorplate 16.", "opening_date": "1975-12-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Silver in American Life (24 June - 16 August 1981); exhibited in gallery but not in catalogue.", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, John Singleton Copley in America (7 June - 27 August 1995), traveled to New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art (26 September 1995 - 7 January 1996), traveled to Houston, Museum of Fine Arts (4 February - 28 April 1996), did not travel to Milwaukee, Milwaukee Art Museum; cat. no. 21, p. 57, 93, 119, 208-11, 248, 300, 312.", "opening_date": "1995-06-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rochester, New York, Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, ABOUT FACE: Copley's Portrait of Nathaniel Hurd, Colonial Silversmith and Engraver, (1 November 1999-1 March 2000), see Porticus journal.", "opening_date": "1999-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Benjamin Hurd [1739-1781], Halifax, Nova Scotia, by descent to his son, John Hurd", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1781", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John Hurd, Halifax, Nova Scotia, by descent to his two daughters", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1781-", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Daughters of John Hurd [d. by 1860], Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Mrs. Thomas Barry", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-by 1860", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Thomas Barry [d. 1869], Halifax, Nova Scotia, by gift to Walter Wesselhoeft", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1860-1869", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Walter Wesselhoeft [1838-1920], Cambridge, MA, consigned to the Copley Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1869-1915", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Copley Gallery, Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1915", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1915-", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["350.1915"], "did_you_know": "The artist Copley\u2019s in-laws were consignees for the cargo dumped during the Boston Tea Party.", "description": "Hurd was a prominent silversmith and engraver in Boston, and the warm gaze and unforced smile in his portrait by Copley suggest the friendship between the two artists. Hurd's open-collared shirt, as well as the rakishly tilted turban that covers his shaved head in place of a ceremonial powdered wig, create an air of informality that is unusual for a portrait of this time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502218"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.534-nathaniel-hurd"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH, London: Cleveland Museum of Art ; in association with Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 220; reproduced, p. 221.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lange, Amanda E., \"We Are Family: Heraldic Decorative Arts in Early America,\" <em>Historic Deerfield</em> 14 (Autumn 2013).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 3; reproduced, p. 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Perkins, Augustus Thorndike. <em>A Sketch of the Life and a List of Some of the Works of John Singleton Copley</em>. Boston: Priv. Print, 1873.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17, 75-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bayley, Frank W. <em>The Life and Works of John Singleton Copley: Founded on the Work of Augustus Thorndike Perkins</em>. Boston, MA: Taylor Press, 1915.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 151-152", "url": null}, {"citation": "W. H. D. \"The Fine Arts: Fine Portrait by Copley.\" <em>The Boston Transcript, </em>October, 1915.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The American Art News. </em>14:23 (March 11, 1916): 1-10.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Clevel'd Gets Early Am'ns.\" <em>The American Art News. </em>14:24 (March 18, 1916): 1-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Inauguration.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 3:2 (July, 1916): 1-24.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opposite p. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bell, Hamilton. \"Early American Portraits at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The American Magazine of Art</em>. 7:12 (October, 1916).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 484-5; Reproduced: p. 485", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>An Appreciation of Copley's \"Nathaniel Hurd\": John Huntington Collection</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1918.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Special Exhibition Cabinet.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 5:1. (January 1918).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136158"}, {"citation": "Dunlap, William. <em>A History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States</em>. 1. Boston: C.E. Goodspeed &amp; Co, 1918.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172-4; Reproduced: opposite p. 173", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Report of the Museum's Second Year.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 5, no. 6/7 (1918): 69-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136208"}, {"citation": "Clearwater, Alphonso Trumpbour, and C. Louise Avery. <em>American Silver of the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Study Based on the Clearwater Collection. </em>New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Early Portrait Study by Copley.\" <em>Art News. </em>22:19 (February 16, 1923).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "L. P. \"Portrait of Nathaniel Hurd by Copley.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 10:3 (March 1923).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39-40", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"When Copley Portrayed an Early Craftsman.\" <em>Art News.</em> (June 9, 1923).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Collection of Fine Arts (U.S.), Washington Loan Exhibition Committee. <em>Exhibition of Early American Paintings, Miniatures and Silver</em>. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7-8; Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n10"}, {"citation": "Dow, George Francis. <em>The Arts &amp; Crafts in New England, 1704-1775; Gleanings from Boston Newspapers Relating to Painting, Engraving, Silversmiths, Pewterers, Clockmakers, Furniture, Pottery, Old Houses, Costume, Trades and Occupations, &amp; C...</em> Topsfield, MA: Wayside Press, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8; Reproduced: frontispiece", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n12"}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928#page=12"}, {"citation": "Bayley, Frank W. <em>Five Colonial Artists of New England: Joseph Badger, Joseph Blackburn, John Singleton Copley; Robert Feke, John Smibert</em>. Boston, MA: Privately Printed, 1929.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bolton, Theodore and Harry Lorin Binsse. \"John Singleton Copley.\" <em>The Antiquarian. </em>15:6 (December, 1930).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80-81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stark, Harold. <em>Art in America from 1600 to 1865; An Illustrated Guide for a National Radio Broadcast from February 3 to May 19, 1934</em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1934.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahill, Holger, and Alfred H. Barr, Jr., eds. <em>Art in America: A Complete Survey</em>. New York, NY: Reynal &amp; Hitchcock, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17; Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Special Number for the 20th Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition.\" <em>The Art News.</em> (June 13, 1936).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burroughs, Louise. \"John Singleton Copley.\" <em>Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.</em> 31:12 (December 1936).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \"J. S. Copley, American Master.\" <em>Art News.</em> 35:13 (December 26, 1936).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jewell, Edward Alden. \"Copley: Metropolitan Opens Bicentennial Show.\" <em>The New York Times, </em>December 27, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parker, Barbara Neville, and Anne Bolling Wheeler. <em>John Singleton Copley; American Portraits in Oil, Pastel, and Miniature</em>. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118-9, pl. 61A", "url": null}, {"citation": "French, Hollis. <em>Jacob Hurd and His Sons Nathaniel &amp; Benjamin: Silversmiths 1702-1781. </em>Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press for the Walpole Society, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: frontispiece; Mentioned: pp. 138-40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "Hagen, Oskar. <em>The Birth of the American Tradition in Art</em>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89; Mentioned: pp. 102-105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"A Collection of Early American Silver Gift of Hollis French.\" <em>The</em> <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 27:9 (November, 1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flint Institute of Arts. <em>Art Marches on!: The Opening and Dedicating Exhibition of the New Flint Institute of Arts</em>. Flint, MI: The Institute, 1941.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 30, fig. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland's First 25 Years.\" <em>ARTnews. </em>40:11 (September, 1941).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13, 25; Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, John, and Macgill James. <em>Great American Paintings from Smibert to Bellows, 1729-1924</em>. London: Oxford University Press, 1943.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum.\" <em>Life</em> (September 20, 1943).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "King, Winnifred. \"Their Hands.\" <em>The Christian Science Monitor. </em>November 20, 1943.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, James Truslow. <em>Album of American History</em>. volume 1. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 345", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n20"}, {"citation": "\"The Arts in America in the Eighteenth Century.\" <em>Bulletin of the Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College</em>. 3:3 (May, 1946).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67, 90, 99; Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Phillips, John Marshall. <em>American Silver</em>. New York, NY: Chanticleer Press, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82-6; Reproduced: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barker, Virgil. <em>American Painting: History and Interpretation</em>. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144, 147-8; Reproduced: p. 145", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A bird's-eye view of early American painting.\" <em>Antiques.</em> 62 (November 1952).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 402", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 529", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n96"}, {"citation": "\"Portraits of American Craftsmen.\" <em>Antiques. </em>76. (October 1959).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larkin, Oliver W. <em>Art and Life in America</em>. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Kindlers Malerei Lexicon</em>. volume 1. Zurich, Switzerland: 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 776", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Saint Petersburg. <em>Inaugural Exhibition, February 7 Through March 7, 1965</em>. Saint Petersburg, FL: 1965.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Prown, Jules David. <em>John Singleton Copley: In America 1738-1774</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52-55; Reproduced: no. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wright, Louis B., George B. Tatum, John W. McCoubrey, and Robert C. Smith. <em>The Arts In America: The Colonial Period</em>. New York, NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, Patricia Boyd. <em>The Christian Science Monitor.</em> January 19, 1966.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Myers, Bernard S. <em>Art and Civilization</em>. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 319-320; Reproduced: p. 319", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cirker, Hayward, and Blanche Cirker. <em>Dictionary of American Portraits: 4045 Pictures of Important Americans from Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century</em>. New York, NY: Dover Publications, Inc., 1967", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 322", "url": null}, {"citation": "McLanathan, Richard B. K. <em>The American Tradition in the Arts</em>. New York: Harcourt, Brace &amp; World, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Plate, Robert. <em>John Singleton Copley: America's First Great Artist. </em>New York, NY: David McKay Co, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27, 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. <em>American Painting of the Nineteenth Century: Realism, Idealism, and the American Experience</em>. New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24-5; Reproduced: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glubok, Shirley, and Gerard Nook. The Art of Colonial America. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mooz, Ralph Peter. \"The Art of Robert Feke.\" Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. Introduction to <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64; Reproduced: no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neumeyer, Alfred. \"Nordamerikanische Kunst.\" <em>Die Kunst des 18</em>. <em>Jahrhunderts</em>. ed. Harald Keller. Berlin: Propylaen Verlag, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 431, pl. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fales, Martha Gandy. <em>Early American Silver</em>. New York: E.P. Dutton &amp; Co, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94, 239, 319", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adler, Mortimer Jerome, ed. <em>The Revolutionary Years: Britannica's Book of the American Revolution</em>. Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. <em>American Art</em>. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montgomery, Charles F., and Patricia E. Kane. <em>American Art, 1750-1800: Towards Independence</em>. Boston, MA: Published for Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, by the New York Graphic Society, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"American Image.\" <em>Plain Dealer</em>. Section 5 - 8. (January 18, 1976).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Section 5 - 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Milton W. <em>American Art to 1900: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101-2; Reproduced: no. 164, p. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"Portrait Painting - An Image of Man.\" <em>Arts and Activities. </em>82 (September 1977).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34; Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n218"}, {"citation": "Ward, Barbara McLean, and Gerald W. R. Ward, eds. <em>Silver in American Life: Selections from the Mabel Brady Garvan and Other Collections at Yale University.</em> New York: American Federation of Arts, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boros, Ethel. \"Early American Silver.\" <em>Plain Dealer.</em> (September 22, 1979).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34-5; Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Emlen, Robert P. \"Wedding Silver for the Browns: A Rhode Island Family Patronizes a Boston Goldsmith.\" <em>The American Art Journal</em>. 56:2 (Spring 1984).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Janson, H. W. <em>History of Art</em>. Third edition. New York, NY: Prentice Hall &amp; Harry Abrams, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20; Reproduced: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buchanan, Penelope D. \"John Singleton Copley: Portrait of Nathaniel Hurd.\" <em>Art Education</em>. 40:1 (January 1987).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27-8; Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H., ed. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45; Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kissick, John. <em>Art, Context and Criticism</em>. Madison, WI: Brown &amp; Benchmark, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 352", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Lawrence S., and John J. Reich. <em>Culture and Values: a Survey of the Western Humanities</em>. Second edition. Fort Worth, IN: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282", "url": null}, {"citation": "Janson, H. W. <em>History of Art</em>. Fifth edition. New York, NY: Prentice Hall &amp; Harry Abrams, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42, pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barratt, Carrie Rebora. <em>John Singleton Copley in America</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kissick, John. <em>Art, Context and Criticism</em>. Second edition. Madison, WI: Brown &amp; Benchmark, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 382", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kane, Patricia E., Francis Hill Bigelow, John Marshall Phillips, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Colonial Massachusetts Silversmiths and Jewelers: A Biographical Dictionary Based on the Notes of Francis Hill Bigelow &amp; John Marshall Phillips</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 615", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rather, Susan. \"Carpenter, Tailor, Shoemaker, Artist: Copley and Portrait Painting around 1770.\" <em>The Art Bulletin.</em> 79:2 (June 1997).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 284-5; Reproduced: p. 285", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ohlig, Rudolf, and Hildegard Hogen. <em>Der Glanz der Residenzen: Renaissance und Barock in Europa, Schwarzafrika und Altamerika</em>. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 424", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ward, Gerald W. R. \"Nathaniel Hurd.\" <em>American National Biography,</em> v. 2. ed. Garraty, John A., and Mark C. Carnes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 556-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fortune, Brandon Brame, and Deborah Jean Warner. <em>Franklin and His Friends: Portraying the Man of Science in Eighteenth-Century America</em>. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62, fig. 4-14", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kammen, Michael et al. Seeing America: Painting and Sculpture from the Collection of the Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Two by Copley\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 08, October 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-08/page/6"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40 - 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ward, Gerald W. R. <em>Paul Revere: Sons of Liberty Bowl. </em>Boston: MFA Publications, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 12; reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rather, Susan. <em>The American School: Artists and Status in the Late-Colonial and Early National Era</em>. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: pp. 41-42, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ripley, Elizabeth. <em>Copley; A Biography</em>. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24; Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corey Phelon Geske, \u201cTheoria to practica and Congregational Independency: From John Singleton Copley's portraiture of \u2018Liberty,\u2019 Rev. Jonathan Mayhew identified, to Rev. Lemuel Haynes's Liberty Further Extended, c. 1776,\u201d Granville History Digital Collection, accessed July 18, 2023, Mentioned pp. 49-55; reproduced pp. 50-51. <u>https://granvillehistory.omeka.net/items/show/1531</u>", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Manca, Joseph. \"John Singleton Copley's Portrait of Reverend Joseph Sewall: New England and Transatlantic Contexts.\" <em>Historical Journal of Massachusetts </em>51, no.2 (Summer 2023): 30-59.", "page_number": "Mentioned p.51; Reproduced p.50, (fig.11)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Filstrup, Chris, and Jane Merrill. <em>The Turban: A History from East to West.</em> London, UK: Reaktion Books, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 112-114", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.534", "images": {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.534/1915.534_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "893", "filesize": "402404", "filename": "1915.534_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.534/1915.534_print.jpg", "width": "2849", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5904910", "filename": "1915.534_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.534/1915.534_full.tif", "width": "4609", "height": "5500", "filesize": "76080612", "filename": "1915.534_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.534/1915.534_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "752", "height": "893", "filesize": "432453"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.534/1915.534_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2865", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6309012"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.534/1915.534_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5406", "height": "6416", "filesize": "104088368"}, "date_created": "2009-12-08T19:20:36", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 94979, "creators": [{"id": 2409, "description": "John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1815", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-01-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1760, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1765", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:03:59.139000"}, {"id": 102578, "accession_number": "1921.1239", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Dora Wheeler, 1882\u201383. William Merritt Chase (American, 1849\u20131916). Oil on canvas; framed: 180.6 x 188.6 x 11 cm (71 1/8 x 74 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 159.8 x 166.4 cm (62 15/16 x 65 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Boudinot Keith in memory of  Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1921.1239", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Portrait of Dora Wheeler", "creation_date": "1882\u201383", "creation_date_earliest": 1882, "creation_date_latest": 1883, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 180.6 x 188.6 x 11 cm (71 1/8 x 74 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 159.8 x 166.4 cm (62 15/16 x 65 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.806, "height_inch": 71, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.886, "width_inch": 74, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.598, "height_inch": 62, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.664, "width_inch": 65, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  WM M. Chase [WM in monogram]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360895, "title": "Painting Today and Yesterday in the United States", "description": "<i>Painting Today and Yesterday in the United States</i>. Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (organizer) (June 5-September 1, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520746, "title": "The First West Coast Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings by William Merritt Chase", "description": "<i>The First West Coast Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings by William Merritt Chase</i>. Art, Design & Architecture Museum, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA (organizer) (October 6-November 8, 1964); Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (December 1-27, 1964); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (January 10-February 7, 1965); Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (March 3-April 4, 1965); The Gallery of Modern Art, New York, NY (April 27-May 30, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 215111, "title": "American Impressionism, Images \"of hope, of life, of promise\"", "description": "<i>American Impressionism, Images \"of hope, of life, of promise\"</i>. Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (organizer) (October 4, 1997-January 4, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207232, "title": "Candace Wheeler:  The Art and Enterprise of American Design, 1875-1900", "description": "<i>Candace Wheeler:  The Art and Enterprise of American Design, 1875-1900</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 10, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184052, "title": "Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age", "description": "<i>Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 23-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224230, "title": "After Whistler: The Artist and His Influence on American Painting", "description": "<i>After Whistler: The Artist and His Influence on American Painting</i>. High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (organizer) (November 22, 2003-February 8, 2004); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (March 13-June 6, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-11-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213635, "title": "Americans in Paris", "description": "<i>Americans in Paris</i>. National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (February 22-May 21, 2006); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (June 25-September 24, 2006); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (October 16, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-02-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213855, "title": "William Merritt Chase: A Modern Master", "description": "<i>William Merritt Chase: A Modern Master</i>. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (June 4-September 11, 2016); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (October 9, 2016-January 16, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-06-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Salon.</em> Paris, France (1883).", "opening_date": "1883-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Internationale Kunstausstellung</em>, Crystal Palace, Munich, Germany (1883).", "opening_date": "1883-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Pictures, Studies, and Sketches by Mr. Wm. M. Chase under the Auspices of the American Art Association. </em>Boston Art Club, (November 13\u2013December 4, 1886), cat. 10, as Portrait of Miss Dora Wheeler.", "opening_date": "1886-11-13T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Paintings by Mr. William M. Chase. </em>Moore's Art Galleries, New York, (March 2\u20133, 1887), cat. 115, [lent by Miss. Wheeler].", "opening_date": "1887-03-02T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Chase Centennial Exhibition: Commemorating the Birth of William Merritt Chase</em>, <em>November 1, 1849.</em> John Herron Art Institute, Indianapolis (1949), no. 15, illus.", "opening_date": "1949-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The 75th Anniversary Exhibition of Painting &amp; Sculpture by 75 Artists Associated with the Art Students League of New York. </em>Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (1951), xiii, no. 6, p. 1, illus. p. 6.", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>150th Anniversary Exhibition. </em>Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia (15 January\u201313 March 1955); cat. no. 59, not illus.", "opening_date": "1955-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Portraiture in the Grand Manner: 1720-1920. </em>Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (1981\u201382), traveled to Smithsonian Institution, National Portrait Gallery.", "opening_date": "1981-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>William Merritt Chase: Portraits. </em>Akron, Akron Art Museum (1982).", "opening_date": "1982-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>William Merritt Chase, 1849-1916: A Leading Spirit in American Art.</em> University of Washington Henry Art Gallery, Seattle (1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement. </em>Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (1986\u201387)", "opening_date": "1986-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em> American Impressionism and Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915. </em>The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (1994).", "opening_date": "1994-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Dennis Miller Bunker: American Impressionist. </em>Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1994).", "opening_date": "1994-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Annual Exhibition</em>. Calumet Club, New York, NY (1884).", "opening_date": "1884-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>National Academy of Design, Society of American Artists Seventh Annual Exhibition</em>, New York, NY (May 26-June 21, 1884).", "opening_date": "1884-05-26T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago Twelfth Annual Exhibition</em>. Art Hall Gallery D, Chicago, IL (September 3-October 18,1884).", "opening_date": "1884-09-03T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Portraits of American Women, from Romanticism to Surrealism. </em>Portraits, Inc., New York (December 5\u201329, 1945); cat. no. 15.", "opening_date": "1945-12-05T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Survey of American Painting.</em> Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute (1940), no. 155, pl. 49.", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>William Merritt Chase: A Retrospective Exhibition. </em>The Parrish Art Museum, Southampton, Long Island, New York (1957), illus. p. 47, no. 31.", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dora Wheeler, later Mrs. Boudinot Keith [1856-1940], New York, NY, by donation to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1883-1921", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1921-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Chase and Wheeler worked together to raise money for constructing the Statue of Liberty's pedestal.", "description": "Dora Wheeler became Chase's first student when he returned from overseas study in Munich and set up a teaching studio in New York. At the time, few American artists accepted women as private pupils. After her course of study, Wheeler joined her mother in launching a successful decorating firm, one of the first businesses in the country to be operated entirely by women. For the firm, she designed luxurious textiles, and the embroidered silk tapestry that fills the background in her portrait references her occupational interest. Chase's portrait was awarded a gold medal at an international exhibition of contemporary art in Munich in 1883, and later that year was also shown in Paris. At some later point, the painting was acquired by the sitter, who subsequently donated it to the museum.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503334"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.1239-portrait-of-dora-whe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Stein, Roger B. \"The Aesthetic Craze.\" <em>ARTnews </em>48, no. 8 (December 1986): 3 ;100-105.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 3; Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 100", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Connor, Holly Pyne, Newark Museum, McNay Art Museum, and Frick Art &amp; Historical Center. <em>Off the Pedestal : New Women in the Art of Homer, Chase, and Sargent.</em> Newark, N.J., New Brunswick, N.J.: Newark Museum ; Rutgers University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 40-41; reproduced, fig. 25.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Van Hook, Bailey, \"Decorative Images of American Women: The Aristocratic Aesthetic of the Late Nineteenth Century,\" <em>Smithsonian Studies in American Art</em> 4 (Winter 1990).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 53.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dominic Green, \"The Body Electric,\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em> (Summer 2016).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 91; reproduced, p. 89.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Judith H. Dobrzynski, \"Between Old and New,\" <em>Wall Street Journal</em>, August 11, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. D4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brownell, W. C. \"American Pictures at the Salon.\" <em>The Magazine of Art </em>6 (1883): 492-501.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 494-495", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumas, F. G., Henry Houssaye, and Ludovic Baschet. <em>[Paris salon de ...]</em>. Paris, France: Liepmannssohn ed Dufour, 1883.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 506", "url": null}, {"citation": "Internationale Kunstausstellung. <em>Illustrierter Katalog der internationalen Kunstausstellung im ko\u0308nigl. Glaspalaste in Mu\u0308nchen</em>. Munchen, Germany : Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1883-1937", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Society of American Artists. <em>Catalogue of the Exhibition</em>. New York, NY: [Society of American Artists], 1800.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Art Hall of the Inter-State Industrial Exposition of Chicago, 1884 : Twelfth Annual Exhibition Open from September 3d until October 18th</em>. Chicago, IL: Rand, McNally, 1884.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 354", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Mr. William M. Chase's Art.\" <em>The Art Interchange </em>12, no. 13 (June 19, 1884): 148.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pecht. \"A German Critic on American Art.\" <em>The Art Amateur</em> 11, no. 4 (1884): 76-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 78", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25628198"}, {"citation": "\"The Brush.\" <em>Chicago Tribune. </em>(September 14, 1884): 17.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Boston Estimate of a New York Painter.\" <em>The Art Interchange </em>17, no. 12 (December 4, 1886): 179.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wheeler, Candace. <em>Yesterdays in a Busy Life</em>. New York: Harper, 1918.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "J.C.G. \"Painting by Chase Given to Cleveland.\" <em>American Art News</em> 20, no. 15 (Jan. 21, 1922): 5.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25589899"}, {"citation": "Milliken, W. M. \u201cPortrait of Miss Dora Wheeler by William Merritt Chase.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 9, no. 3 (1922): 39\u201342.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cortissoz, Royal. <em>American Artists</em>. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1923.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whiting, Frederic. \"The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Art and Archaeology </em>16 (November 1923): 187-194.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 191.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 32", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n34"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 41", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n45"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "no. 379", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16, no. 30;Reproduced: pl. XIV, no. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lane, James W. \u201cThis YEAR the CARNEGIE NATIONAL: Pittsburgh\u2019s Brilliant Survey of 160 Years of U.S. Painting.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 39, no. 4 (October 26, 1940): 7\u201318.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 15-16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saint-Gaudens, Homer. <em>The American Artist and His Times</em>. New York: Dodd, Mead &amp; Company, 1941.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 185, pl. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Henry Sayles Francis. <em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Picture Book, No. 1. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n22"}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. \"The Great Chase.\" <em>ARTnews </em>48, no. 8 (December 1949): 32-34; 60.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 33; Mentioned: P. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 538", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n99"}, {"citation": "Neumeyer, A. \"Chase, William Merritt.\" <em>Kindlers Malerei Lexikon: 1000 Malersignaturen, 1200 farbige Reproducktionen, 3000 schwarzweisse Reproduktionen in sechs Ba\u0308nden.</em> Zu\u0308rich : Kindler Verlag, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Band I, P. 730", "url": null}, {"citation": "University of California, Santa Barbara. Art Gallery. <em>The First West Coast Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings by William Merritt Chase, 1849-1916: An Exhibition Organized by the Art Gallery, University of California, Santa Barbara, in Cooperation with La Jolla Museum of Art, La Jolla; California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco; Seattle Art Museum, Seattle; with a Final Presentation at the Gallery of Modern Art Including the Huntington Hartford Collection, New York; 1964-1965</em>. Santa Barbara, Calif, 1964.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Portraits by Wheeler and Chase.\" <em>The Bulletin of The</em> <em>Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LII, no. 1 (January, 1965):19-22.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Wittke, Carl Frederick. <em>The First Fifty Years: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916-1966.</em> [Cleveland]: John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Milgrome, David. <em>The Art of William Merrit Chase</em>. 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74-76; Reproduced: p. p. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. <em>Nineteenth Century American Painting</em>. New York, NY: Putnam, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 166; Mentioned: p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. <em>Nineteenth Century American Painting</em>. New York: Putnam, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 166; mentioned: P. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John, and R. Peter Mooz. <em>The Genius of American Painting</em>. London. United Kingdom: Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 165-167; Reproduced: p. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Detroit Institute of Arts, and Toledo Museum of Art. <em>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976. </em>[Toledo]: Toledo Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pisano, Ronald G. \u201cTeaching Career of William Merritt Chase.\u201d <em>American Artist</em> 40 (May 1976): 26-33, 63-66..", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 28; reproduced: P. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Young, Mahonri Sharp. <em>American Realists, Homer to Hopper</em>. New York, NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 233", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n253"}, {"citation": "Marling, Karal Ann. \"Portrait of the Artist as a Young Woman: Miss Dora Wheeler.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 2 (1978): 47-57.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 46; mentioned: P. 47-48", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159564"}, {"citation": "\"Les Chronique des Arts.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> (November 1978): 27.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 27, fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pisano, Ronald G. <em>William Merritt Chase</em>. New York, NY: Watson-Guptill, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8, 29: Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quick, Michael, Marvin S. Sadik, and William H. Gerdts. <em>American Portraiture in the Grand Manner, 1720-1920</em>. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68; Reproduced: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ludwig, Horst. <em>Mu\u0308nchner Maler im 19. Jahrhundert</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Bruckmann, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 173-174; Reproduced: p. 173", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>William Merritt Chase: Portraits, Akron Art Museum, 5 June-29 August, 1982</em>. Akron, Ohio (70 E. Market St., Akron 44308): The Museum, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10, 12-14; Reproduced: P. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Betsky, Celia. \"In the Artists Studio.\" <em>Portfolio</em> 4 (January-February 1982): 38-39.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bienenstock, Jennifer A. Martin. <em>The Formation and Early Years of the Society of American Artists, 1877-1884</em>. 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 163-183, 316, 405-407", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnston, Sona. <em>American Paintings, 1750-1900, from the Collection of the Baltimore Museum of Art</em>. Baltimore, MD: The Museum, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced:.p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pisano, Ronald G. <em>A Leading Spirit in American Art: William Merritt Chase, 1849-1916</em>. Seattle, WA: Henry Art Gallery, University of Washington, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63,175; Reproduced: p. 16, 172", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boyle, Richard J. <em>American Impressionism</em>. Boston, MA: New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 182-206; Reproduced: p. 185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bolger, Doreen. <em>In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, 406-407; Reproduced: p. 325", "url": null}, {"citation": "Simon, Robin. <em>The Portrait in Britain and America: With a Biographical Dictionary of Portrait Painters, 1680-1914</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32; Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fink, Lois Marie. <em>American Art at the Nineteenth-Century Paris Salons</em>. Washington, DC.: National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 240, 329; Reproduced: p. 266", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bryant, Keith L. <em>William Merritt Chase, a Genteel Bohemian</em>. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 102-104, 136; Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hiesinger, Ulrich W. <em>Impressionism in America: The Ten American Painters</em>. Munich, Germany: Prestel, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p, 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Butor, Michel, Jennifer Martin, Claude Massu, Sarah Nichols, Alexandra Parigoris, Denys Riout, and David Travis. <em>L'Art des Etats-Unis</em>. Paris, France: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 209-210; Reproduced: p. 548", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland,OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": ".Weinberg, H. Barbara, Doreen Bolger, and David Park Curry. <em>American Impressionism and Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38-41; Reproduced: p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hirshler, Erica E. <em>Dennis Miller Bunker: American Impressionist</em>. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts Boston, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 46-47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fuller, Margaret, and Donna Dickenson. <em>Woman in the Nineteenth Century and Other Writings</em>. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baigell, Matthew. <em>A Concise History of American Painting and Sculpture</em>. New York, NY: IconEditions, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Van Hook, Bailey. <em>Angels of Art: Women and Art in American Society, 1876-1914</em>. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 49-67; Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brigham, David R. American Impressionism: Paintings of Promise. Worcester, Mass: Worcester Art Museum, 1997.", "page_number": "pp. 25-26, illus. p. 53, Pl. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brigham, David R. <em>American Impressionism: Paintings of Promise</em>. Worcester, MA: Worcester Art Museum, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25-26; Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Jane. <em>Encyclopedia of American Art Before 1914</em>. New York, NY: Grove's Dictionaries, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Groseclose, Barbara S. <em>Nineteenth-Century American Art</em>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 49-59; Reproduced: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Peck, Amelia, and Carol Irish. Candace Wheeler: The Art and Enterprise of American Design, 1875-1900. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "cat. no. 47, illus. p. 175", "url": "http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/48949"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50-51; Reproduced: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Merrill, Linda, and James McNeill Whistler. After Whistler: The Artist and His Influence on American Painting. Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "exh. cat no. 22, p.150-151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tinterow, Gary, Genevie\u0300ve Lacambre, and Deborah L. Rolda\u0301n. <em>Manet/Vela\u0301zquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290, fig. 10.34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Merrill, Linda, and James McNeill Whistler. <em>After Whistler: The Artist and His Influence on American Painting</em>. Atlanta, GA: High Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 150-151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Merrill, Linda, and James McNeill Whistler. <em>After Whistler: The Artist and His Influence on American Painting</em>. Atlanta, GA: High Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 150-151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curry, David Park. <em>James Mcneill Whistler: Uneasy Pieces</em>. Richmond, VA: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in association with Quantuck Lane Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 164-219; Reproduced: p. 197", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weber, Bruce, Sarah Kate Gillespie, and William Merritt Chase. <em>Chase Inside and Out: the Aesthetic Interiors of William Merritt Chase</em>. New York, NY: Berry-Hill Galleries, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32-34; Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adler, Kathleen, Erica E. Hirshler, H. Barbara Weinberg, David Park Curry, Rodolphe Rapetti, and Christopher Riopelle. Americans in Paris, 1860-1900. London: National Gallery, 2006.", "page_number": "pp. 34, 236, plate 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adler, Kathleen, Erica E. Hirshler, H. Barbara Weinberg, David Park Curry, Rodolphe Rapetti, and Christopher Riopelle. <em>Americans in Paris, 1860-1900</em>. London, United Kingdom: National Gallery, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34, 236; Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Connor, Holly Pyne. <em>Off the Pedestal: New Women in the Art of Homer, Chase, and Sargent</em>. Newark, NJ.: Newark Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40, 43; Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum, Teresa A. Carbone, Barbara Dayer Gallati, and Linda S. Ferber. <em>American Paintings in the Brooklyn Museum: Artists Born by 1876</em>. New York, NY: Brooklyn Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 362,369", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pisano, Ronald G., William Merritt Chase, and D. Frederick Baker. <em>The Complete Catalogue of Known and Documented Work by William Merritt Chase (1849-1916)</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27, 50-51; Reproduced: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldin, Marco. <em>America!: storie di pittura dal nuovo mondo</em>. Treviso, Italy : Linea d\u2019ombra libri, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 380", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gallati, Barbara Dayer, and Ortrud Westheider. <em>High Society: American Portraits of the Gilded Age : Bucerius Kunst Forum, Hamburg, June 7-August 31, 2008</em>. Munich, Germany: Hirmer, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Angela L., Janet Catherine Berlo, Bryan Jay Wolf, and Jennifer L. Roberts. <em>American Encounters: Art, History, and Cultural Identity</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc., 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rudolph, William Keyse, A. Kate Sheerin, Chloe Barnett, and Julian Onderdonk. <em>Julian Onderdonk: American Impressionist</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17-18; Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hirshler, Erica E., <em>Sargent's Daughters: The Biography of a Painting</em>. Boston, MA: MFA Publications, 2009.", "page_number": "Reperoduced: p. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ringelberg, Kirstin. <em>Redefining Gender in American Impressionist Studio Paintings: Work Place/Domestic Space</em>. Surrey, UK, England: Ashgate, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 87-88; Reproduced:  p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reason, Akela, and Thomas Eakins. <em>Thomas Eakins and the Uses of History</em>. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78, fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marter, Joan M. <em>The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art</em>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 445-446", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pohl, Frances K. <em>Framing America: A Social History of American Art</em>. New York, NY: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 289, fig. 5.38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marozeau, Maureen, and Matthieu de Sainte-Croix. <em>Art: 365 histoires pour e\u0301pater la galerie</em>. Paris, France: La Martinie\u0300re, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 36-37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Major, Judith K. <em>Mariana Griswold Van Rensselaer: A Landscape Critic in the Gilded Age</em>. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hirshler, Erica E. <em>William Merritt Chas</em>e. Boston, Mass.: MFA Publications, Museum of Fine Arts, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 27-28; reproduced: pp. 24-25, 33.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smithgall, Elsa. <em>William Merritt Chase: A Modern Master.</em> Washington, D.C.: The Phillips Collection; New Haven; London: in association with Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103, pl. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Green, Dominic. \"The Body Eclectic.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em>, (Summer 2016): 88-93.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smithgall, Elsa. \"William Merritt Chase: A Modern Master\". <em>American Art Review</em>. 28, no.4 (Aug. 2016): 48-55, 111-112.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carr, Carolyn Kinder. <em>Sara Tyson Hallowell: Pioneer Curator and Art Advisor in the Gilded Age. </em>Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 104-105", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.1239", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1239/1921.1239_web.jpg", "width": "939", "height": "893", "filesize": "175673", "filename": "1921.1239_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1239/1921.1239_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3254", "filesize": "8163185", "filename": "1921.1239_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1239/1921.1239_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4786", "filesize": "71824808", "filename": "1921.1239_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Boudinot Keith in memory of  Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 102578, "creators": [{"id": 3071, "description": "William Merritt Chase (American, 1849\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1849", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-11-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1882, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1882\u201383", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of Miss Dora Wheeler"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:32:09.951000"}, {"id": 92937, "accession_number": "1922.1133", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Stag at Sharkey's, 1909. George Bellows (American, 1882\u20131925). Oil on canvas; framed: 110 x 140.5 x 8.5 cm (43 5/16 x 55 5/16 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 92 x 122.6 cm (36 1/4 x 48 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1922.1133", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Stag at Sharkey's", "creation_date": "1909", "creation_date_earliest": 1909, "creation_date_latest": 1909, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 110 x 140.5 x 8.5 cm (43 5/16 x 55 5/16 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 92 x 122.6 cm (36 1/4 x 48 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.1, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.405, "width_inch": 55, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.085, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.92, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.226, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed upper left:  Geo Bellows, / Copyrighted 190[9]; inscribed on back:  Geo Bellows / 146 E. 19th St. N.Y. / \"Club Night\" / 67.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616736, "title": "Second Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting", "description": "<i>Second Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 8-July 10, 1922).", "opening_date": "1922-06-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 315560, "title": "Memorial Exhibition of the Work of George Bellows", "description": "<i>Memorial Exhibition of the Work of George Bellows</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 12-November 22, 1925).", "opening_date": "1925-10-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 354980, "title": "The George Wesley Bellows Memorial Exhibition", "description": "<i>The George Wesley Bellows Memorial Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 16-March 22, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-02-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315582, "title": "The George Bellows Exhibition", "description": "<i>The George Bellows Exhibition</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 22-March 1, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315601, "title": "Olympic Competition and Exhibition of Art", "description": "<i>Olympic Competition and Exhibition of Art</i>. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (co-organizer) (July 30, 1932-August 31, 1931).", "opening_date": "1932-07-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315604, "title": "American Painting & Sculpture 1862-1932", "description": "<i>American Painting & Sculpture 1862-1932</i>. Museum of Modern Art, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 31, 1932-January 31, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-10-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315608, "title": "Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture", "description": "<i>Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture</i>. Art Institute of Chicago (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 1-November 1, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315619, "title": "A Loan Exhibition of American Paintings Since 1900", "description": "<i>A Loan Exhibition of American Paintings Since 1900</i>. William Rockhill Nelson Gallery (co-organizer) (December 10, 1933-January 31, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-12-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315639, "title": "Trois Si\u00e8cles d'art aux Etats-Unis", "description": "<i>Trois Si\u00e8cles d'art aux Etats-Unis</i>. Galerie national du Jeu de Paume, Paris, France (organizer) (co-organizer) (May 24-July 31, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-05-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315643, "title": "Life in America: A Special Loan Exhibition of Paintings Held During the Period of the New York World's Fair", "description": "<i>Life in America: A Special Loan Exhibition of Paintings Held During the Period of the New York World's Fair</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 24-October 29, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-04-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315650, "title": "An Exhibition of Great Paintings in Aid of the Canadian Red Cross and of Small Pictures by Members of The Ontario Society of Artists", "description": "<i>An Exhibition of Great Paintings in Aid of the Canadian Red Cross and of Small Pictures by Members of The Ontario Society of Artists</i>. Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 15-December 15, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-11-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315655, "title": "Sport in American Art", "description": "<i>Sport in American Art</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 10-December 10, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315676, "title": "George Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints", "description": "<i>George Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 31-March 10, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-01-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315679, "title": "American Paintings: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day", "description": "<i>American Paintings: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day</i>. Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 1-July 31, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315684, "title": "Sport in Art", "description": "<i>Sport in Art</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 24-February 22, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315689, "title": "The Ring and the Glove", "description": "<i>The Ring and the Glove</i>. Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, MA (co-organizer) (September 17-November 14, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315693, "title": "Milestones of American Painting in Our Century", "description": "<i>Milestones of American Painting in Our Century</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (March 15-April 15, 1948); Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, CO (May 5-June 25, 1948); The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 20-March 1, 1949); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (July 10-August 25, 1949); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (September 7-October 16, 1949); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 3-December 18, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315703, "title": "Aspects of New York City Life", "description": "<i>Aspects of New York City Life</i>. The Century Association (organizer) (co-organizer) (March 1-April 30, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315706, "title": "Exhibition of Sporting Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Sporting Art</i>. The Century Association (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 13-March 28, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315754, "title": "George Bellows: A Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>George Bellows: A Retrospective Exhibition</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 19-February 24, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315758, "title": "Paintings by George Bellows", "description": "<i>Paintings by George Bellows</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (March 21-April 21, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-03-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315762, "title": "Four Centuries of American Art", "description": "<i>Four Centuries of American Art</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Arts, MN (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315769, "title": "200 Years of American Painting", "description": "<i>200 Years of American Painting</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 1-May 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315773, "title": "Triumph of Realism: An Exhibition of European and American Realist Paintings 1850-1910", "description": "<i>Triumph of Realism: An Exhibition of European and American Realist Paintings 1850-1910</i>. The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 3-November 19, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-10-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315797, "title": "The Painters' America: Rural and Urban Life, 1810-1910", "description": "<i>The Painters' America: Rural and Urban Life, 1810-1910</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (September 18-November 10, 1974); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (December 5, 1974-January 19, 1975); Oakland Museum of California, Oakland, CA (February 10-March 30, 1975).", "opening_date": "1974-09-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315829, "title": "George Wesley Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints", "description": "<i>George Wesley Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 1-May 8, 1979); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (June 29-August 5, 1979); Des Moines Art Center, Des Moines, IA (September 17-October 28, 1979); Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (November 16-December 28, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315863, "title": "Bellows: The Boxing Pictures", "description": "<i>Bellows: The Boxing Pictures</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (co-organizer) (September 5, 1982-January 2, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-09-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 316624, "title": "The Paintings of George Bellows", "description": "<i>The Paintings of George Bellows</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (February 16-May 10, 1992); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 11, 1992-January 3, 1993); Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, TX (February 20-May 9, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-02-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 316631, "title": "Metropolitan Lives: The Ashcan Artists and Their New York, 1897-1917", "description": "<i>Metropolitan Lives: The Ashcan Artists and Their New York, 1897-1917</i>. National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC (co-organizer) (November 17, 1995-March 17, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-11-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 218347, "title": "The American Century: Art and Culture 1900-2000 (Part 1: 1900-1950)", "description": "<i>The American Century: Art and Culture 1900-2000 (Part 1: 1900-1950)</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 22-September 5, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-04-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177291, "title": "George Bellows (1882-1925)", "description": "<i>George Bellows (1882-1925)</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (June 10-October 8, 2012); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (November 13, 2012-February 18, 2013); Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (March 16-June 9, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-06-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222001, "title": "George Bellows and the American Experience", "description": "<i>George Bellows and the American Experience</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (August 23, 2013-January 4, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-08-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200468, "title": "Stag at Sharkey\u2019s: George Bellows and the Art of Sports", "description": "<i>Stag at Sharkey\u2019s: George Bellows and the Art of Sports</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 14-September 18, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-05-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Columbus, The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, The George Bellows Exhibition (22 January-1 March 1931), see Bulletin of The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts (January, 1931), vol. 1, no. 1, cat. no. 269, illus. p. I, 15.", "opening_date": "1931-01-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago, Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture (1 June-1 November 1933), illus. cat. no. 434, listed p. 60.", "opening_date": "1933-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art; The Official Art Exhibit of The Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October 1936)", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York Realists, 1900-1914 (9 February-5 March 1937), cat. no. 8, illus., listed p. 12.", "opening_date": "1937-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, The Philadelphia Museum, Art in the United States: Painting, Sculpture, Prints, Crafts (20 June-13 September 1942), illus.", "opening_date": "1942-06-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, Sport in Art (24 January-22 February 1948), no. 5.", "opening_date": "1948-01-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Andover, MA, Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, The Ring and the Glove (17 September-14 November 1948), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 76: the exhibition originated at the Museum of the City of New York, Stag was only shown at Addison and did not appear in the catalogue.", "opening_date": "1948-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Institute of Contemporary Art, Milestones of American Painting in Our Century (20 January-1 March 1949); traveled to: Montreal, Art Association of Montreal (15 March-15 April 1949); Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center (5 May-25 June 1949); San Francisco, M. H. de Young Museum (10 July-25 August 1949); Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum (7 September-16 October 1949); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (3 November-18 December 1949); cat. no. 3, listed p. 29, pp. 38-39, illus. p. 39.", "opening_date": "1949-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, The Institute of Contemporary Art; traveled to: Louisville, J. B. Speed Memorial Gallery; San Francisco, M. H. de Young Musuem; Buffalo, Albright Gallery; Montreal, Art Association of Montreal; Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art; notes that the exhibition toured from 1 January-31 December, but does not give specific dates.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New York, The Century Association, Aspects of New York City Life (1 March-30 April 1950), listed in catalogue.", "opening_date": "1950-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Century Association, Exhibition of Sporting Art (13 January-28 March 1954), listed in catalogue.", "opening_date": "1954-01-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus, The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, Paintings by George Bellows (21 March-21 April 1957), cat. no. 11, illus. front cover.", "opening_date": "1957-03-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brooklyn, The Brooklyn Museum, Triumph of Realism: An Exhibition of European and American Realist Paintings 1850-1910 (3 October-19 November 1967), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 76: not in catalogue and did not go on tour.", "opening_date": "1967-10-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, The Painters' America: Rural and Urban Life, 1810-1910 (20 September-10 November 1974); traveled to: Houston, The Museum of Fine Arts (5 December 1974-19 January 1975); Oakland, The Oakland Museum (10 February-30 March 1975), cat. no. 6, illus. p. 132, fig. 154.", "opening_date": "1974-09-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776-1976 (6 March-11 April 1976); traveled to: Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May-13 June 1976); Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September-10 October 1976); cat. no. 38, illus.", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, Bellows: The Boxing Pictures (5 September-2 January 1983), illus. cat. no. 2, plate 4, also included E. A. Carmean, Jr.'s essay \"Bellows: The Boxing Paintings,\" pp. 27-47, illus. in article p. 32, fig. 28; listed p. 74 with small illus.", "opening_date": "1983-09-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, The Paintings of George Bellows (16 February-10 May 1992); traveled to: New York, Whitney Museum of American Art (5 June-30 August 1992); Columbus, Columbus Museum of Art (11 October 1992-3 January 1993); Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum (20 February-9 May 1993); illus. figs. 16, 17 in Michael Quick's essay \"Technique and Theory: The Evolution of George Bellows' Painting Style,\" and fig. 9 in Marianne Doezema's \"The 'Real' New York;\" cat. not numbered.", "opening_date": "1992-02-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., National Museum of American Art, Metropolitan Lives: The Ashcan Artists and Their New York, 1897-1917 (17 November 1995-17 March 1996), illus. fig. 179, p. 164, also included pp. 46-48, 81-88, 156-158, 163-171, 208-210, 215-217, 220, 223. (Not in CMA library: OCLC 921076645)", "opening_date": "1995-11-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, The American Century: Art &amp; Culture 1900-1950 (23 April-22 August 1999)", "opening_date": "1999-04-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (06/21/2005 - 09/11/2005); \"CMA Highlights\"", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (6/10/2012 - 10/8/2012),Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY (11/13/2012 - 2/18/2013), and the Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (3/16/2013): \"George Bellows (1882-1925)\", ex. cat. no. 17, p, 82, detail on cover and inside cover. (Not in CMA library: OCLC 801141298)", "opening_date": "2012-06-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, The One Hundred and Fifth Annual Exhibition of The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (23 January-20 March 1910), cat. no. 323, listed p. 37 as Club Night.", "opening_date": "1910-01-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Galleries 29-31 West Thirty-Fifth St., Exhibition of Independent Artists (1-27 April 1910), cat. no 20 as Club Night.", "opening_date": "1910-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Madison Gallery, (early 1911), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 75.", "opening_date": "1911-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Syracuse, Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, Summer Exhibition of Paintings by American Artists (10 May-1 October 1911), no. 1 as Club Night; see Bulletin of Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts (October, 1911.", "opening_date": "1911-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, Marshall Filed (1911), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 75.", "opening_date": "1911-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Curtis Studios (1911), see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 75.", "opening_date": "1911-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cedar Rapids, IA, The Cedar Rapids Art Association, Art Gallery, Public Library, Iowa, Fifth Annual Art Exhibition (5-14 February 1913), no. 2.", "opening_date": "1913-02-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rochester, NY, Rochester Industrial Exposition (7-19 September 1914), no. 6 as Club Night; see Bellows: The Boxing Pictures p. 75.", "opening_date": "1914-09-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago, Paintings by George Bellows (10 December 1914-3 January 1915), no. 16 as Club Night; see Bulletin of The Art Institute of Chicago (1 January 1915), vol. IX, no. 1, p. 2-4, 8.", "opening_date": "1914-12-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, Detroit Museum of Art, Exhibition of Paintings by George Bellows (6-29 January 1915), no. 16 as Club Night; see Bulletin of The Detroit Museum of Art (January, 1915), vol. IX, no. 1, pp. 2, 4.", "opening_date": "1915-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Los Angeles, Los Angeles Museum of History, Science, and Art, Paintings by George Bellows (7-28 February 1915), no. 16 as Club Night.", "opening_date": "1915-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Minneapolis, The Minneapolis Institute of Art, Paintings by Lester D. Boronda; Paintings by George Bellows (4-31 May 1915), no. 37 as Club Night; see Bulletin of The Minneapolis Institute of Arts (May, 1915), vol. IV, no. 5, p. 46.", "opening_date": "1915-05-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Muskegon, MI, Hackley Art Gallery, Exhibition of Oil Paintings by George Bellows (9 June-August 1915), as Club Night.", "opening_date": "1915-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Worcester, MA, Worcester Art Museum, Exhibition of Paintings by George Bellows, New York City (5-26 September 1915), no. 13 as Club Night.", "opening_date": "1915-09-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, Cincinnati Art Museum, Special Exhibition of Paintings by Mr. George Bellows (October, 1915), no. 4 as Club Night.", "opening_date": "1915-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Sponsored by The Junior Art Patrons of America, Fine Arts Building, First Retrospective Exhibition of American Art (7-21 May 1921), cat. no. 10, listed p. 13, not illus.", "opening_date": "1921-05-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Marie Sterner, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Marie Sterner, owner of the Marie Sterner Gallery in New York, was Bellows' dealer.</div>"], "date": "By 1922", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1922-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 103801, "description": "A Stag at Sharkey's, 1916. George Bellows (American, 1882\u20131925). Lithograph; image: 26.7 x 20 cm (10 1/2 x 7 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Charles T. Brooks, 1921.909", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["1059.1922", "1133.1922"], "did_you_know": "George Bellows was raised in Columbus, Ohio, and attended Ohio State University where he played baseball and basketball.", "description": "Bellows was no stranger to Sharkey\u2019s Athletic Club, a raucous saloon with a backroom boxing ring, located near his studio. Founded by Tom \u201cSailor\u201d Sharkey, an ex-fighter who had also served in the US Navy, the club attracted men seeking to watch or participate in matches. Because public boxing was illegal in New York at the time, a private event had to be arranged in order for a bout to take place. Participation was usually limited to members of a particular club, but whenever an outsider competed, he was given temporary membership and known as a \u201cstag.\u201d Although boxing had its share of detractors who considered it uncouth at best or barbaric at worst, its proponents\u2014among them President Theodore Roosevelt\u2014regarded it a healthy manifestation of manliness. Around the time Bellows painted <em>Stag at Sharkey\u2019s, </em>boxing was moving from a predominantly working-class enterprise to one with greater genteel appeal. For some contemporaries, boxing was a powerful analogy for the notion that only the strongest and fittest would flourish in modern society.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3425144"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1922.1133-stag-at-sharkey-s"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rihn, Andrew. \"On Bellows and Rodin: Stag Fights, Explosions, and Spectatorship,\" <em>Cleveland Review of Books, </em>November 4, 2022.", "page_number": "https://www.clereviewofbooks.com/writing/on-bellows-and-rodin-stag-fights-explosions-and-spectatorship", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Saggese, Jordana Moore. Heavyweight : Black Boxers and the Fight for Representation. Durham: Duke University Press, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 184-85, 197, 202, 214-16, 223; reproduced, p. 186.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schjeldahl, Peter, \"Young and Gifted,\" <em>New Yorker</em>, June 25, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 78-79; reproduced p. 78.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lopez, Jonathan, \"Packing a Punch,\" <em>Art and Antiques </em>(June 2012).", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 24-25; reproduced p. 40.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wolfe, M. Melissa, ed. <em>George Bellows Revisited : New Considerations of the Painter\u2019s Oeuvre</em>. (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016).", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 9-10, 103; reproduced p. 7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davidson, Susan, ed. <em>Art in America : 300 Years of Innovation</em>. (London: Merrell, 2007).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 30; reproduced p. 32.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wallraf-Richartz-Gesellschaft in K\u00f6ln, and Wallraf-Richartz-Museum--Fondation Corboud. <em>Es War Einmal in Amerika : 300 Jahre US-Amerikanische Kunst.</em> Edited by Barbara Schaefer and Anita Hachmann. K\u00f6ln: Wienand Verlag : Wallraf-Richartz-Museum &amp; Fondation Corboud, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 168-69; reproduced, p. 168.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Raspe, Becky, \"Curator Corner,\" <em>Canvas</em> (Fall 2018).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 46.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Grace V., \"Ohio-Born Artists Hold Front Rank in Museum's U.S. Painting Exhibition,\" <em>Plain Dealer, </em>Women's Magazine and Amusement Section.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 14-C.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wallach, Alan. <em>Trouble in Paradise : Twenty-Four Essays on the Social History of American Art</em>. Leiden: Brill, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 325; reproduced p. 327.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Second Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 9:6 (June, 1922). 95-102.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 95-96; Reproduced: p. 106", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136578"}, {"citation": "Glasier, Jessie C. \"Museum Gets Prize-Winning Canvases: Bellows Subject, Kent Landscape Are Acquisitions.\" <em>The Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland, OH), June 18, 1922.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum Acquires Typical Pictures by Bellows and Kent.\" <em>American Art News.</em> 20:37 (24 June 1922). pp. 1-10.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Two Examples of Modern Painting: The Maine Coast, by Rockwell Kent.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 9:10 (December, 1922). pp. 171-175.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Memorial Exhibition of the Work of George Bellows. </em>New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18, 24; Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n38"}, {"citation": "Cortissoz, Royal. \"Paintings and Prints by George Bellows: The Memorial Exhibition at the Metropolitan.\" <em>New York Herald Tribune</em> (New York, NY), October 11, 1925.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "T. S. \u201cBellows\u2019 Lithographs.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 13, no. 2 (February 1926): 32\u201333, 37.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32-33; Reproduced: p. 37", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136902"}, {"citation": "Isham, Samuel, and Royal Cortissoz. <em>The History of American Painting</em>. New York, NY: Macmillan Company, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 576-579; Reproduced: p. 568", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mather, Frank Jewett, Charles Rufus Morey, and W. J. Henderson. <em>The Pageant of America: The American Spirit in Art</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 138-139, 153-154; Reproduced: p. 153, fig. 249", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Un Artiste Americain.\" <em>L'illustration.</em> 85 (September, 1927). pp. 308-31.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 310", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n48"}, {"citation": "Bellows, Emma S. <em>The Paintings of George Bellows</em>. New York, NY: A.A. Knopf, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. VIII-XI; Reproduced: fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Grace V. \"'Stag at Sharkey's.\" <em>The Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland, OH), May 9, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eggers, George W. <em>George Bellows</em>. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7-18; Reproduced: p. 42-43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neuhaus, Eugen. <em>The History &amp; Ideals of American Art</em>. Stanford University, CA: Stanford University Press; London: Oxford University Press, 1931.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 339-340", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Edna Maria. <em>Ohio Art and Artists</em>. Richmond, VA: Garrett &amp; Massie, 1932.", "page_number": "p. 205-210", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>American Painting &amp; Sculpture, 1862-1932</em>. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Olympic Competition and Exhibition of Art: Catalogue of the Exhibition at the Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art</em>: Los Angeles, CA: Neuner Printing &amp; Lithograph Co., 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50; Reproduced: illus. section", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mechlin, Leila. \"The Olympic Art Exhibition.\" <em>The American Magazine of Art.</em> 25:3 (September, 1932). p. 136-150.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Art's Progress in America for 100 Years Shown at World's Fair.\" <em>The Art Diges</em>t. 8:16 (15 May 1933). p. 28-29.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28-29; Reproduced: 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \"Art in the Century of Progress.\" <em>The Fine Arts.</em> 20:2 (June, 1933). p. 7-8, 59-61.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7-8, 59-61; Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Stag at Sharkey's.\" <em>Chicago Tribune</em> (Chicago, IL), October 22, 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced:", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Picture of the Week.\" <em>The Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland, OH), November 12 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pollak, Frances M., and Greta A. Cornell. \"George Wesley Bellows-Painter and Graver.\" <em>The Index of Twentieth Century Artists</em>. 1:6 (March, 1934). p. 92-93.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 92-93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gardner, Helen. <em>Art Through the Ages: An Introduction to Its History &amp; Significance</em>. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 687", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burroughs, Alan. <em>Limners and Likenesses; Three Centuries of American Painting</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 206-211.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Artcraft Printing Company, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129-130", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Artcraft Printing Co., 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11-12, no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Trois sie\u0300cles d'art aux E\u0301tats-Unis: exposition organise\u0301e en collaboration avec le Museum of Modern Art, New-York</em>. Paris, France: E\u0301ditions des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: illus. fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Bellows (1882-1925).\" <em>Life, </em>31 October 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Life in America: A Special Loan Exhibition of Paintings Held During the Period of the New York World's Fair, April 24 to October 29</em>. New York, NY: [Scribner Press], 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "Stites, Raymond S. <em>The Arts and Man</em>. New York, NY: Whittlesey House; London: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 804-806; Reproduced: p. 806", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>An Exhibition of Great Paintings in Aid of the Canadian Red Cross and of Small Pictures by Members of the Ontario Society of Artists</em>. Toronto, Canada: The Art Gallery of Toronto, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "McB[ride], H[enry]. \"As to the Style in Art.\" <em>The Sun</em> (New York, NY), January 6, 1940.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. \"The Lithographs of George Wesley Bellows.\" <em>Print Collector's Quarterly. </em>27 (April, 1940). p. 138-165.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 28, no. 6 (1941): 88-111.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89; Reproduced: p. 111", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Offers the Evidence for the First 25 Years.\" <em>ARTnews.</em> 40:11 (September, 1941). p. 13-25.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13, 25; Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boswell, Peyton. <em>George Bellows</em>. New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9-30; Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, John, and Macgill James. <em>Great American Paintings from Smibert to Bellows, 1729-1924</em>. London: Oxford University Press, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1, 17-20; Reproduced: p. 21, fig. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boswell, Peyton. \"Bellows' First Patron.\" <em>Art Digest.</em> 18 (15 January 1943).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sport in American Art</em>. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Edgell, George H. \"Pursuit of Pleasure in Paint: Boston Presents the First Exhibition of 'Sport in American Art.'\" <em>ARTnews.</em> 43:12 (1-14 October, 1944). p. 13-26.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13-14, 26; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n23"}, {"citation": "Tunis, John R. \"Painter of the Prize Ring Drama: The National Gallery Honors George Bellows, Who Captured Not Only the Color, But Also the Cruelty of the Prize Ring.\" <em>The New York Times Magazine</em> (New York, NY), 7 January 1945.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18; Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sweet, Frederick A. \"Bellows 23 Years after Dempsey-Firpo.\" <em>ARTnews.</em> 44:19 (January, 1946). p. 12-28.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12-13, 27-28", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>American Painting: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day</em>. London, England: The Tate Gallery, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>George Bellows: Paintings, Drawings and Prints</em>. Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentiond: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bulliet, C. J. \"First Full View of George Bellows for Chicago.\"<em> Art Digest. </em>21 (1 February 1946).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"George W. Bellows: An American Master of Realistic Painting Comes Into His Own With Big Memorial Show.\" <em>Life,</em> March 25, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 75-83; 1917 lithograph Reproduced: p. 76-77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rich, Daniel Catton. \"Bellows Revalued.\" <em>Magazine of Art. </em>39 (April, 1946): p. 145-147.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 145-147", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"American Art: From the XVIIIth Century to the Present Day: Pictures Now on Exhibition at the Tate Gallery.\" <em>The Illustrated London News,</em> June 22, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 688-689; Reproduced: p. 688", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. \"La Peinture Am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 la Tate Gallery.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em>, June 28, 1946.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Winchester, Alice. \"American Painting in London: A Comment on The Tate Gallery Exhibition.\" <em>Antiques. </em>51:2 (February, 1947). p. 100-127.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 100-101, 108, 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dame, Lawrence.\"Regarding Art: The Stags on Ropes.\" <em>Boston Herald,</em> October 17, 1948.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gardner, Helen. <em>Art Through the Ages</em>. 3rd edition. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 395-396; Reproduced: p. 395", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Revolt in Boston: Shootin' Resumes in the Art World.\" <em>Life,</em> February 21, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue de reproductions en couleurs de la peinture de 1860 a\u0300 1949</em>. Paris: UNESCO, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44-45; Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rowland, Benjamin, Jr. \"American Painting Since 1900.\" <em>Phoenix</em>. 4 (April 1949). p. 85-111.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robb, David M. <em>The Harper History of Painting: The Occidental Tradition</em>. New York: Harper, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 892-896; Reproduced: p. 894, fig. 494", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bazin, Germain. <em>History of Modern Painting</em>. New York: Hyperion Press; distributed by Macmillan, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 285, 287; Reproduced: p. 290", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Pittura Americana Moderna.\" <em>Sele arte</em>. Firenze: Studio italiano di storia dell'arte, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13-16; Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Milton W. <em>American Painting: From the Armory Show to the Depression.</em> Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33-36, 167-172; Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morris, Charles W. <em>Varieties of Human Value</em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144-162; Reproduced: fig. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Craven, Thomas. <em>The Rainbow Book of Art</em>. Cleveland: World Pub. Co, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 236-237; Reproduced: p. 233", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schulberg, Budd. <em>The Harder They Fall</em>. 2nd edition. New York: Random House Publishing, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eliot, Alexander. <em>Three Hundred Years of American Painting</em>. New York: Time Inc, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 284, 289-293; Reproduced: p. 290", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>George Bellows: A Retrospective Exhibition</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings by George Bellows at Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. </em>Columbus, OH: The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Huth, John F. \"An Artist at Ohio.\" <em>Pictorial Magazine</em>, <em>The Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland, OH), January 20, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18; Mentioned; pp. 18-19", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 550", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n102"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Collections</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40-42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Munro, Eleanor C. <em>The Golden Encyclopedia of Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, and Ornament, from Prehistoric Times to the Twentieth Century</em>. New York: Golden Press, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 243", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Fireside Book of Boxing. </em>Edited by Wilfred Charles Heinz. New York: Simon And Schuster, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chase, Alice Elizabeth. <em>Famous Paintings: An Introduction to Art</em>. New York: Platt &amp; Munk, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54-55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Selvig, Forrest, ed. <em>Four Centuries of American Art</em>. Minneapolis, MN: The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bazin, Germain. <em>Kindlers Malerei Lexikon: 1000 Malersignaturen, 1200 farbige Reproducktionen, 3000 schwarzweisse Reproduktionen in sechs Ba\u0308nden</em>. Zurich: Kindler Verlag, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 302-303; Reproduced: p. 302.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>200 Years of American Painting, April 1-May 31, 1964</em>. St. Louis, MO: City Art Museum of St. Louis, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seaver, Edwin. \"The Sand Cart, George Bellows (American School 1882-1925).\" <em>Book-of-the-Month-Club News</em>, 1965.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morgan, Charles H. <em>George Bellows, Painter of America</em>. New York: Reynal, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9, 69, 98-102, 124-127, 197-199, 217-221, 254-255; Reproduced: pp. 320, 321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laver, James. <em>The Age of Optimism: Manners and Morals 1848-1914</em>. London: Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n214"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n214"}, {"citation": "Brown, Milton W. <em>American Painting: From the Armory Show to the Depression.</em> Princeton, NJ: The University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 22, no. 15", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 236", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n256"}, {"citation": "<em>George Wesley Bellows: Paintings, Drawings, and Prints</em>. Columbus, OH: Columbus Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kitaj, R. B., and Timothy Hyman. \"A Return to London\" IN <em>Kitaj Paintings, Drawings, Pastels.</em> John Ashebury, Joe Shannon, Jane Livingston, 41. New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ohio Historical Society, and Ohio History Connection. Timeline: A Publication of the Ohio Historical Society. [Columbus, Ohio]: The Society, 1984.", "page_number": "20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salwen, Peter. <em>Upper West Side Story: A History and Guide. </em>New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1989.", "page_number": "Referenced: p. 181-182, 202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Haskell, Barbara. <em>The American Century: Art &amp; Culture, 1900-1950</em>. New York, NY: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 92-93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46 - 47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vacha, John. \"Art Gets It's Due.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 51, no. 4 (July/August 2011): 7-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2011-04/page/6/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods International Inc. American Art. New York: Christie's, December 5, 2013 .", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fagg, John. \"George Bellows.\" <em>Print Quarterly.</em> 31:1 (March 2014). 107-111.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110, fig. 106.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gillies, Max. \"Exploring Ohio's Art.\" <em>Fine Art Connoisseur. </em>11:5 (September/October 2014).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milan, Wardell, Cay Sophie Rabinowitz, Alvin Hall, Carter E. Foster, and Leslie Hewitt. <em>Wardell Milan: Between Late Summer and Early Fall</em>. New York, NY : Osmos Books, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brock, Charles. \"George Bellows: Reviews and Reflections.\" In <em>George Bellows Revisited: New Considerations of the Painter's Oeuvre.</em> Melissa M. Wolfe, ed. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7, fig. 1.1. Mentioned 9, 10, 103, 105.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"This Sporting Life: The work of artist (and athlete) George Bellows.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 3 (May/June 2016): 13.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-03"}, {"citation": "Boylan, Alexis L. <em>Ashcan Art, Whiteness, and the Unspectacular Man.</em> New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slayton, Robert A. <em>Beauty in the City: The Ashcan School. </em>Albany: Excelsior Editions, State University of New York Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143, fig. 8.13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corbett, David Peters. Die Ashcan School: Lebensbilder der New Yorker und iher Stadt. In <em>Es war einmal in Amerika: 300 Jahre US-Amerikanische Kunst, 164-171. </em>Barbara Schaefer and Anita Hachmann, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 168, abb. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnston, April Nehring. <em>The Making of Cleveland's Artist: The Aesthetic and Cultural Politics of Boundary Crossing in the Industrial Landscape Paintings of Carl Gaertner, 1923-1952.</em> Thesis, Washington University, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sublette, J. Mark. <em>Maynard Dixon's American West: Along the Distant Mesa</em>. Tucson, AZ: Mark Sublette Medicine Man Gallery, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 267, fig. 318", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Punch drunk.\" <em>Christie's magazine</em> (November/December 2019): 108-117.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 113-114; Reproduced p. 116-117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Santos, Guillermo. \"Jonathan Barbieri y Los Santos Bebedores.\" In <em>La Pierde Almas: Historia de Una Cantina, </em>edited by Jonathan Barbieri, 33-41. [Santa Mar\u00eda del Tule, Oaxaca, M\u00e9xico]: Quarentena Ediciones, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guttmann, Allen. \"Representation.\" In <em>A Cultural History of Sport, </em>edited by Mike Huggins, 187-215.London, UK: Bloomsbury Academic, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 196, fig. 8.4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pearson, Harry. \"Competitive streaks.\"<em> Apollo</em> 193, no. 698 (June 2021): 60-65.", "page_number": "Reproduction p.60, fig. 1; mentioned p. 64", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cueff, Alain. <em>Ciels d'Ame\u0301rique 1801-2001</em>. Paris: Belles Lettres, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 175-176, fig. 63", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1922.1133", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_web.jpg", "width": "1194", "height": "893", "filesize": "152341", "filename": "1922.1133_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2542", "filesize": "1240178", "filename": "1922.1133_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_full.tif", "width": "10552", "height": "7890", "filesize": "249794924", "filename": "1922.1133_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1196", "height": "893", "filesize": "182971"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2538", "filesize": "1713738"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7763", "height": "5795", "filesize": "134982796"}, "date_created": "2013-06-20T19:16:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1130", "height": "893", "filesize": "836713"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2688", "filesize": "7342730"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4347", "height": "3437", "filesize": "44865824"}, "date_created": "2009-12-09T01:50:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1199", "height": "893", "filesize": "815482"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2533", "filesize": "6988238"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4783", "height": "3564", "filesize": "51160904"}, "date_created": "2009-11-13T16:25:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1130", "height": "893", "filesize": "807664"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2688", "filesize": "7087105"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.1133/1922.1133_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4347", "height": "3437", "filesize": "44865488"}, "date_created": "2008-08-13T14:09:15", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 92937, "creators": [{"id": 3005, "description": "George Bellows (American, 1882\u20131925)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "An accomplished athlete, George Bellows (1882\u20131925) was an especially appropriate artist to address the subject of sports. Born and raised in Columbus, Ohio, he played baseball and basketball as a youth, developing sufficient ability to letter in both at Ohio State University. According to some accounts, scouts for the Cincinnati Reds took notice of his shortstop talents. However, Bellows\u2019s first love, art, ultimately intervened, and after his junior year he relocated to New York to study painting. In a remarkably short period he became the leading artist of his generation, a reputation fueled through boxing subjects such as <em>Stag at Sharkey\u2019s.</em> In his later years he developed recreational passions for tennis and billiards, which he routinely played with friends. Bellows\u2019s life was cut short at the age of 42, due to complications after his appendix ruptured.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1882", "death_year": "1925", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1922-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1909, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1909", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Club Night"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:58:56.136000"}, {"id": 151904, "accession_number": "1927.1984", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Biglin Brothers Turning the Stake, 1873. Thomas Eakins (American, 1844\u20131916). Oil on canvas; framed: 117 x 167 x 6.5 cm (46 1/16 x 65 3/4 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 101.3 x 151.4 cm (39 7/8 x 59 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1927.1984", "current_location": "207 American Realism", "title": "The Biglin Brothers Turning the Stake", "creation_date": "1873", "creation_date_earliest": 1873, "creation_date_latest": 1873, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 117 x 167 x 6.5 cm (46 1/16 x 65 3/4 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 101.3 x 151.4 cm (39 7/8 x 59 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.17, "height_inch": 46, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.67, "width_inch": 65, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 1.013, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.514, "width_inch": 59, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  EAKINS 73.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445590, "title": "Thomas Eakins: Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>Thomas Eakins: Retrospective Exhibition</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 21-November 21, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-09-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 205372, "title": "Thomas Eakins: The Rowing Pictures", "description": "<i>Thomas Eakins: The Rowing Pictures</i>. National Gallery of Art (June 23-September 29, 1996); Yale University Art Gallery (organizer) (October 11, 1996-January 14, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 19-May 15, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-06-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205787, "title": "Thomas Eakins, American Realist", "description": "<i>Thomas Eakins, American Realist</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (September 30, 2001-January 6, 2002); Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (February 3-May 12, 2002); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (June 10-September 15, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-09-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184052, "title": "Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age", "description": "<i>Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 23-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224558, "title": "Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement", "description": "<i>Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 15-May 16, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216543, "title": "Manly Pursuits: The Sporting Images of Thomas Eakins", "description": "<i>Manly Pursuits: The Sporting Images of Thomas Eakins</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (July 25-October 23, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-07-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Long Branch, NJ, unknown location (Summer, 1878) as Biglen Brothers turning the Stake-boat; see Thomas Eakins: The Rowing Pictures (Washington, D.C, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Charitable Mechanics Association, 13th Exhibition (2 September-2 November 1878) as Turning the Stake; see Thomas Eakins: The Rowing Pictures (Washington, D.C, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Philadelphia Society of Artists, 2nd Annual Exhibition (1 November-6 December 1880) as Turning the Stake, A pair oared Race; see Thomas Eakins: The Rowing Pictures (Washington, D.C, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "St. Louis, Art Hall, 21st St. Louis Fair, (3-8 October 1881) as Turning the Stake-boat; see Thomas Eakins: The Rowing Pictures (Washington, D.C, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Denver, National Mining and Industrial Exposition, 1st Annual Exposition (1 August-30 September 1882) as Biglen Brothers turning the Stake-boat; see Thomas Eakins: The Rowing Pictures (Washington, D.C, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Loan Exhibition of the Works of Thomas Eakins (5 November-3 December 1917), illus. cat. no. 3, pl. 3 as The Biglin Brothers Turning the Stake-Boat.", "opening_date": "1917-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Memorial Exhibition of the Works of the Late Thomas Eakins (23 December 1917-13 January 1918), illus. cat. no. 33, listed p. 86.", "opening_date": "1917-12-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Department of Fine Arts, Paintings, Sculpture, and Prints in the Department of Fine Arts Sesqui-centennial International Exposition (1926), listed cat. no. 360, p. 70.", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Memorial Exhibition of Paintings by Thomas Eakins, Albert P. Ryder, and J. Alden Weir (15 December 1927-23 January 1928)", "opening_date": "1927-12-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, PA, Pennsylvania Museum of Art, Work of Thomas Eakins (March 1930) New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Sixth Loan Exhibition: Winslow Homer, Albert P. Ryder, Thomas Eakins (May, 1930), illus. cat. no. 94, listed p. 29.", "opening_date": "1930-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Los Angeles, Los Angeles Museum of History, Science, and Art, Olympic Competition and Exhibition of Art (30 July 30-31 August 1932), listed cat. no. 753, p. 51.", "opening_date": "1931-07-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, American Genre: The Social Scene in Paintings and Prints (26 March-29 April 1935) cat. no. 28, listed p. 16, not illus.", "opening_date": "1935-03-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore, The Baltimore Museum of Art, Thomas Eakins 1844-1916: A Retrospective Exhibition of His Paintings (1 December 1936-1 January 1937), illus. cat. no. 5.", "opening_date": "1936-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, Detroit Institute of Art, Eighteenth Annual Exhibition of American Art (2 April-3 May 1937) cat. no. 1, listed p. 8, not illus.", "opening_date": "1937-04-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, National Academy of Design, The Special World's Fair Exhibition (8 May-25 July 1939), listed cat. no.213.", "opening_date": "1939-05-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, The California Palace of the Legion of Honor, Seven Centuries of Painting: A Loan Exhibition of Old and Modern Masters (29 December 1939 - 28 January 1940), illus. cat. no. L-153, listed p. 50.", "opening_date": "1939-12-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts, Five Centuries of Marine Painting (6 March-5 April 1942), listed no. 117, pp. 37-38, not illus.", "opening_date": "1942-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Thomas Eakins Centennial Exhibitions (8 April-14 May, 1944), illus. cat. no. 17, p. 123, listed p. 134.", "opening_date": "1944-04-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, M. Knoedler &amp; Company, A Loan Exhibition of the Works of Thomas Eakins 1844-1944, Commemorating the Centennial of His Birth (3 June-31 July 1944) illus. cat. no. 6.", "opening_date": "1944-06-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Sport in American Art (10 October-10 December 1944), listed cat. no. 26, p.11, not illus.", "opening_date": "1944-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, Thomas Eakins: Centennial Exhibition 1844-1944 (26 April-1 June 1945), illus. cat. no. 110.", "opening_date": "1945-04-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, The Tate Gallery, American Painting: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day (June - July 1946), illus. cat. no. 70, listed p. 12.", "opening_date": "1946-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Saginaw Museum, Michigan, (2-28 November 1948), Thomas Eakins Centennial, no catalogue can be found for this show.", "opening_date": "1948-11-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, NY, The Century Association, Exhibition of Paintings by Thomas Eakins (10 January-18 February 1951) no catalogue can be found for this show.", "opening_date": "1951-01-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron, OH, Akron Art Institute, Masterpiece Series ( 30 December 1952-1 February 1953) no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1952-12-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein &amp; Co., Landmarks in American Art, 1670-1950 (26 February-28 March 1953), illus. cat. no. 25, pl. 25 as The Biglen Brothers Turning the Stake.", "opening_date": "1953-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Syracuse, Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, 125 Years of American Art (16 September-11 October 1953), illus. cat . no. no. 18 as Turning the Stake Boat.", "opening_date": "1953-09-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 150th Anniversary Exhibition (15 January-13 March 1955); listed p. 65, cat. no. 74, not illus.", "opening_date": "1955-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, Thomas Eakins: A Retrospective Exhibition (8 October-12 November 1961); traveled to Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago (1 December 1961-7 January 1962); to Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art (1 February-18 March 1962), illus. cat. no. 9, p. 43.", "opening_date": "1961-10-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of Art, Thomas Eakins: Retrospective Exhibition (22 September-21 November 1970), illus. cat. no. 10, p. 37, listed p. 69.", "opening_date": "1970-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776-1976 (6 March- 11 April 1976); traveled to Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May-13 June 1976); to Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); to Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September-10 October 1976), illus. cat. no. 22, illus.", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Thomas Eakins Exhibition: Artist of Philadelphia (29 May-1 August 1982); traveled to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (22 September-28 November 1982), illus. cat. no. 18, p. 22, illus.", "opening_date": "1982-05-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston A New World: Masterpieces of American Paintings 1760-1910 (7 September-13 November 1983); traveled to Washington, DC, Corcoran Gallery of American Art (7 December 1983-12 February 1984); to Paris, Grand Palais (16 March-11 June 1984) illus. cat. no. 58, p. 118, pp. 267-268, illus. p. 267.", "opening_date": "1983-09-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (06/21/2005 - 09/11/2005); \"CMA Highlights\"", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Susan MacDowell Eakins [1851-1938], Philadelphia, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Ownership of Eakins' unsold works passed to his wife, Susan Macdowell Eakins, upon his death in 1916.</div>"], "date": "1916-1927", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 121189, "description": "The Biglin Brothers Turning the Stake, 1873. Thomas Eakins (American, 1844\u20131916). Graphite and brush and brown wash; sheet: 35.5 x 43.1 cm (14 x 16 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1942.1066", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["1955.27", "1984.1927"], "did_you_know": "Rowing was among the most popular spectator sports in the U.S. during the 1870s.", "description": "Eakins's painting celebrates athletic teamwork while commemorating an actual event, a famous rowing race that took place on the Schuylkill River in Philadelphia during May 1872. Throngs of spectators line the riverbank and watch as Barney and John Biglin negotiate the tricky turn around a stake marking the halfway point in the contest. Their competitors, seen in the middle distance at the right, lag behind. The Biglin brothers won the race, cementing their status as the most celebrated oarsmen of the era. Trained in the United States and France, Eakins spent almost his entire artistic career in his hometown of Philadelphia. He is renowned for the unsentimental realism in his paintings, whose compositions he developed through painstakingly prepared figure and perspective drawings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117088141", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475307"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.1984-the-biglin-brothers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Koja, Stephan, Nicolai Cikovsky, and \u00d6sterreichische Galerie Belvedere. <em>America : The New World in 19th-Century Painting. </em>Munich: Prestel, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 224.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH, London: Cleveland Museum of Art ; in association with Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 266; reprouced, p. 267.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davis, John, Jennifer A. Greenhill, and Jason David LaFountain, eds.<em> A Companion to American Art.</em> Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced, p. 149.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McFeely, William S. <em>Portrait : The Life of Thomas Eakins</em>. New York, NY: W.W. Norton, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 69-70, 87.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Koehler, S. R. \u201cSecond Annual Exhibition of the Philadelphia Society of Artists(Opened November 1. Closed December 6).\u201d <em>The American Art Review</em> 2, no. 3 (January 1881): 103\u201315.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 110", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/20559774"}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). <em>Loan Exhibition of the Works of Thomas Eakins, New York, November 5 to December 3, MCMXVII.</em> New York: The De Vinne press, 1917.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pg 1; Reproduced: cat. no. 3, pl. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/loanexhibitionof00metr_2/page/20/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Burroughs, Alan. \"Catalogue of Work of Thomas Eakins (1869-1916).\" <em>The Arts</em> 5, no. 6 (June 1924): 328-335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 329", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cCatalogue of the Works of Thomas Eakins.\u201d <em>Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum</em> 25, no. 133 (March 1930): 17\u201333.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 19, no. 25", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3794383"}, {"citation": "M.M \"Exhibitions.\" <em>The International Studio </em>30 (June 1930): 70-74.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 70; Reproduced: P. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd, and Thomas Eakins. <em>Thomas Eakins: His Life and Work</em>. New York, NY: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1933.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37-47; Reproduced: pl. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahill, Holger, and Alfred H. Barr. <em>Art in America in Modern Times</em>. New York, NY:: Reynal &amp; Hitchcock,1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79-81; Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "listed cat. no. 355, p. 132 as Turning Stake Boat, or Biglin Brothers Turning Stake Boat", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.<br>Published as: <em>Turning Stake Boat</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20, no. 56; Reproduced: pl. IX, no. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Story of American Painting Is Retold in Cleveland Exhibition.\" <em>Art Digest </em>11, no. 19 (August 1937): 5-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sweeney, J. J. \"L'Art Contemporain aux Etats-Unis.\" <em>Cahiers d'Art </em>13 (1938): 45-57.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 50; Reproduced: P. 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "McKinney, Roland Joseph, Aime\u0301e Crane, and Andre\u0301 Gloeckner. <em>Thomas Eakins</em>. New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9-22; Reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, E. P., and Robert Freund. <em>American Romantic Painting</em>. New York, NY: E. Weyhe, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.5-22, 31-32; Reproduced: no. 231", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watkins, Franklin. \"Eakins.\" <em>ARTnews </em>63, no. 5 (April 15, 1944): 10-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. \"Thomas Eakins Today.\" <em>Magazine of Art </em>37, no. 5 (May 1944): 162-166.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ormsbee, Thomas H. \"Thomas Eakins, American Realist Painter.\" <em>American Collector: Biweekly for Dealers and Collectors </em>13, no. 6 (July 1944): 162-166.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 165.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n21"}, {"citation": "O'Connor, Jr., John. \"Thomas Eakins, Consistent Realist.\" <em>Carnegie Magazine </em>19, no. 2 (April 1945): 35-39.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 39", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McHenry, Margaret. <em>Thomas Eakins Who Painted</em>. Oreland? PA: [Privately printed for the author], 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23-24, 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winchester, Alice. \"American Painting in London: A Comment On the Tate Gallery Exhibition.\" <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>51, no. 2 (February 1947): 100-108.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 105, fig. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 541", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n100"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 60-61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Porter, Fairfield. <em>Thomas Eakins</em>. New York: George Braziller,1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grosser, Maurice. <em>Critic's Eye</em>. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grosser, Maurice. <em>Critic's Eye</em>. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 166", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kessler, Charles S. \"The Realism of Thomas Eakins.\" <em>Arts Magazine </em>36, no. 4 (January 1962): 16-22.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 17-18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gracza, Margaret Young. <em>The Ship and the Sea in Art</em>. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications Co, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n211"}, {"citation": "Schendler, Sylvan. <em>Eakins</em>. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33-40, 284-285; Reproduced: p. 39, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n211"}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>19th and 20th Century Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112, fig. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Berthold Fricke. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 68-69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver.<em> An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 12-13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 25, no. 57", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Parry, Ellwood C., and Maria Chamberlin-Hellman. \u201cThomas Eakins as an Illustrator, 1878-1881.\u201d <em>American Art Journal</em> 5, no. 1 (May 1973): 20\u201345.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 35", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1593941"}, {"citation": "Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Detroit Institute of Arts, and Toledo Museum of Art. <em>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976 : </em>[Exhibition. [Toledo]: Toledo Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: No. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, and Phyllis D. Rosenzweig. <em>The Thomas Eakins Collection of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden</em>. Washington DC: Published for the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, by the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 50-51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"American Landscapes.\" <em>Arts and Activities </em>82, no. 4 (December 1977): 28-33.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 31; Reproduced: P. 29, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n252"}, {"citation": "Johns, Elizabeth. \"Thomas Eakins: A Case for Reassessment.\" <em>Arts Magazine </em>53, no. 9 (May 1979): 130-133.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 131", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 44-45, fig. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weinberg, Barbara H. \"American Impressionism in Cosmopolitan Context.\" <em>Arts Magazine </em>(November 1980): 160-165.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 163-164, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Silver, Adele Z. <em>Guide to the Galleries.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 83-84, fig. 77", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. <em>Thomas Eakin</em>s. Cambridge, Mass: Published for the National Gallery of Art [by] Harvard University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 83, Vol. I; Reproduced: P. 86, fig. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. \u201cPhiladelphia. Thomas Eakins.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 124, no. 954 (September 1982): 583\u201385.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 583; Reproduced: P. 585, fig. 40", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/880963"}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. \"The Art of Thomas Eakins.\" <em>Portfolio </em>4, no. 5 (September/October 1982): 60-65.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 61-62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Parry, Ellwood. \"The 'Exact, Uncompromising' Eye of Thomas Eakins.\" <br><em>ARTnews </em>81, no. 8 (October 1982): 80-83.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 82", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenblum, Robert, and H. W. Janson. <em>19th Century Art</em>. New York: Abrams, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 357-358; Reproduced: P. 340, pl. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weinberg, H. Barbara. <em>The American Pupils of Jean-Le\u0301on Ge\u0301ro\u0302me. </em>Fort Worth, Tex: Amon Carter Museum, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 41-42, fig. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Johns, Elizabeth. \"Thomas Eakins: Strokes of Genius.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em> (September 1984): 72-76.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 74-75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milroy, Elizabeth. <em>Thomas Eakins' Artistic Training, 1860-1870. </em>Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 326; Reproduced: P. 418, fig. 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hubbard, Roberta. \"Cleveland: A Cultural Campaign.\" <em>Horizon </em>29, no. 10 (December 1986): 16-24.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fried, Michael. <em>Realism, Writing, Disfiguration: On Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane. </em>Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 47-48, fig. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kimmerle, Constance. <em>Thomas Eakins' Exploration of the Mechanism and Laws of Human Expression and Understanding in Themes of Mental Effort and Creative Activity.</em> Thesis, Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 369", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Miyazaki, Katsumi. <em>Insho\u0304-ha No Miryoku.</em> Kyo\u0304to: Do\u0304ho\u0304sha Shuppan, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 71", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griffin, Randall C. \u201cThomas Anshutz\u2019s \u2018The Ironworkers\u2019 Noontime\u2019: Remythologizing the Industrial Worker.\u201d <em>Smithsonian Studies in American Art</em> 4, no. 3/4 (Summer-Autumn 1990): 129\u201343.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 139, fig. 13", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/3109019"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weinberg, H. Barbara. <em>The Lure of Paris: Nineteenth-Century American Painters and Their French Teachers.</em> New York: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 9-10, pl. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. <em>American Views: Essays on American Art.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 314; Reproduced: P. 316, fig. 214", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 32", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n147"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West. </em>New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 145", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Homer, William Innes. <em>Thomas Eakins: His Life and Art. </em>New York: Abbeville Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 61, fig. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 71", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. <em>Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) and the Heart of American Life.</em> London: National Portrait Gallery, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 20, 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griffin, Randall C. <em>Thomas Anshutz: Artist and Teach</em>er. Huntington, N.Y. : Heckscher Museum in association with the University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 46; Reproduced: P. 48, fig. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"1993 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (1994): 143-218.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 170", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Berger, Martin Andrew. <em>Determining Manhood: Constructions of Sexuality in the Art of Thomas Eakins.</em> Dissertation Yale University, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 32-37; Reproduced: P. 173, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milroy, Elizabeth, and W. Douglass Paschall. <em>Guide to the Thomas Eakins Research Collection with a Lifetime Exhibition Record and Bibliography.</em> Philadelphia, Pa: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 21, 23, 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cooper, Helen A. Thomas Eakins: The Rowing Pictures. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Art Gallery, 1996.", "page_number": "illus. fig. no. 26, p. 51, listed p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Distel, Anne. \"Yerres.\" In <em>Gustave Caillebotte: The Unknown Impressionist.</em> Anne Distel, 45-62. London: Royal Academy of Arts, in association with Ludion Press, Ghent, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 48-49, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baigell, Matthew.<em> A Concise History of American Painting and Sculpture.</em> New York: IconEditions, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 139-140, fig. 137", "url": ""}, {"citation": "M\u00f8rstad, Erik. <em>Malerileksikon: Teknikker, motivtyper og estetikk. </em>Oslo: Ad Notam Gyldendal, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 283", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Werbel, Amy Beth. <em>Perspective in the Life and Art of Thomas Eakins.</em> Dissertation, Yale University, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 118; Reproduced: P. 244, fig. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cooper, Helen. \"The Rowing Pictures of Thomas Eakins.\" <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>150, no. 2 (August 1996): 166-177.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 173; Reproduced: P. 174-175", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Loos, Ted. \"Eakins's Shell Game.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques </em>19, no. 10 (November 1996): 99-105.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Masschelein-Currie, Christina. 1997. \u201cThomas Eakins under the Microscope: A Technical Study of the Rowing Paintings.\u201d <em>American Artist</em> 61, no. 654 ( January 1997): 12-19.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 15-17, figs. 1-4, 7-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foster, Kathleen A., and Mark Bockrath. <em>Thomas Eakins Rediscovered: Charles Bregler's Thomas Eakins Collection at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 83, 125, 126, 143", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berger, Martin A. \"Modernity and Gender in Thomas Eakins's Swimming.\" <em>American Art </em>11, no. 3 (Fall 1997): 32-47.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 36, fig. 3; Mentioned: P. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burns, Sara Lea. \"Thomas Eakins Exposed.\" <em>Nineteenth-Century Studies </em>13 (1999): 139-152.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 143; Reproduced: P. 145", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Groseclose, Barbara S.<em> Nineteenth-Century American Art.</em> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 103, no. 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mishory, Alec. <em>Art History: An Introduction.</em> Tel-Aviv: Open University of Israel, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 83, no. 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berger, Martin A. <em>Man Made: Thomas Eakins and the Construction of Gilded Age Manhood</em>. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 3, 23, 133 n. 51; Reproduced: Pl. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sewell, Darrel, Kathleen A. Foster, and Thomas Eakins. Thomas Eakins: [... on the Occasion of the Exhibition \"Thomas Eakins. American Realist\" ... Philadelphia Museum of Art, October 4, 2001, to January 6, 2002 ...]. [New Haven, Conn.]: Yale Univ. Press, 2001.", "page_number": "illus. pl. 6, p. 45, pp. 27-40, 390-391", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ledes, Allison Eckardt. \"Current and Coming: Eakins in Philadelphia.\" <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>160, no. 4 (October 2001): 398-400.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 400; Reproduced: P. 398", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Esten, John.<em> Thomas Eakins: The Absolute Male.</em> New York, NY: Universe Pub, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 39; mentioned: P. 78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Esten, John, and Thomas Eakins. Thomas Eakins: The Absolute Male. New York, NY: Universe Pub, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 61-63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Homer, William Innes. <em>Thomas Eakins: His Life and Art</em>. New York: Abbeville Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 61-63, fig. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pinelli, Orietta Rossi. \"Un Pittore a Bordo Ring.\" <em>Art e dossier </em>175 (February 2002): 36-43.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 39", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>American Painting</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griffin, Randall C. <em>Homer, Eakins, and Anshutz: The Search for American Identity in the Gilded Age.</em> University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 50, fig. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenblum, Robert, and H. W. Janson. <em>19th-Century Art. </em>Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 364, fig. 350", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>Eakins Revealed: The Secret Life of an American Artist.</em> Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 270, 243-244, 337; Reproduced: P. 192", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Updike, John. <em>Still Looking: Essays on American A</em>rt. New York: Knopf, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 76", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burns, Sarah. \"Ordering the Artist's Body: Thomas Eakins's Acts of Self-Portrayal.\"<em> American Art </em>19, no. 1 (Spring 2005): 82-107.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kirkpatrick, Sidney. <em>The Revenge of Thomas Eakin</em>s. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. 5; Mentioned: P. 444, 146-147, 151-154, 160, 174, 187, 254", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. <em>Nature and Culture: American Landscape and Painting, 1825-1875.</em> New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 222, fig. 10.15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cooper, James F. \"Is Thomas Eakins a Great Artist?\" <em>American Arts Quarterly </em>24, no. 2 (Spring 2007): 2-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 3, 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fonsmark, Anne-Birgitte, Dorothee Hansen, and Gry Hedin. <em>Gustave Caillebotte.</em> Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 112, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 90-93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Welcome Back!\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>48, no. 5 (May/June 2008): 5-6.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Picture Perfect\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 48 no. 8, October 2008", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced (detail), p. 8.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-08/page/8"}, {"citation": "Leja, Michael. \"Composite Images In a Hybrid Medium by Thomas Eakins and His Contemporaries.\" In <em>Shared Intelligence: American Painting and the Photograph.</em> Barbara Buhler Lynes, and Jonathan Weinberg, 28-41. Berkeley [Calif.]: University of California Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 32-33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guttmann, Allen. S<em>ports and American Art from Benjamin West to Andy Warhol.</em> Amherst [Mass.]: University of Massachusetts Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 106; Reproduced: Pl. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fort, Ilene Susan. <em>Manly Pursuits: Writings on the Sporting Images of Thomas Eakins. </em>[Los Angeles]: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 66, 67, 227, 345-350; Reproduced: P. 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 266-267", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Corriveau, Bethany. \"The Art of Sport.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 24-25.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/24/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\"Personal Favorite: Gloria Plevin.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>53, no. 4 (July/August 2013): 16.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davis, John, Jennifer A. Greenhill and Jason David LaFountain. <em>A Companion to American Art.</em> Malden, MA: Wiley- Blackwell, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149, figure 9.2 Mention: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Personal Favorite: William Busta.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>55, no. 6 (November/December 2015): 12.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-06/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Hendricks, Gordon. <em>The Life and Work of Thomas Eakins</em>. New York, NY: Grossman Publishers, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 65-86, 296-298, 335-336; Reproduced: pl. 12 and 13 (detail).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lanouette, William. The Triumph of the Amateurs: The Rise, Ruin, and Banishment of Professional Rowing in the Gilded Age, Guilford, Connecticut : Lyons Press, 2021, 215", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 215, Reproduced; second page of image section following p. 138", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.1984", "images": {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "835", "filesize": "780656", "filename": "1927.1984_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2247", "filesize": "5271592", "filename": "1927.1984_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_full.tif", "width": "7164", "height": "4735", "filesize": "101799424", "filename": "1927.1984_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "805436"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "7465362"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99887404"}, "date_created": "2011-06-27T18:03:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1180", "height": "893", "filesize": "803354"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2574", "filesize": "7327788"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6465", "height": "4896", "filesize": "94984952"}, "date_created": "2011-06-27T17:37:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "808645"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "7276175"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99888472"}, "date_created": "2011-06-27T17:45:38", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "795831"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "7483128"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99886904"}, "date_created": "2011-06-27T18:14:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1240", "height": "893", "filesize": "910498"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2448", "filesize": "6362609"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.1984/1927.1984_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4556", "height": "3280", "filesize": "44874484"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T15:28:22", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Payne Fund Gallery", "athena_id": 151904, "creators": [{"id": 4037, "description": "Thomas Eakins (American, 1844\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1844", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1873, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1873", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:40.124000"}, {"id": 110180, "accession_number": "1928.8", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Race Track (Death on a Pale Horse), c. 1896\u20131908. Albert Pinkham Ryder (American, 1847\u20131917). Oil on canvas; framed: 84.5 x 102 x 6.5 cm (33 1/4 x 40 3/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 70.5 x 90 cm (27 3/4 x 35 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1928.8", "current_location": "207 American Realism", "title": "The Race Track (Death on a Pale Horse)", "creation_date": "c. 1896\u20131908", "creation_date_earliest": 1896, "creation_date_latest": 1908, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 84.5 x 102 x 6.5 cm (33 1/4 x 40 3/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 70.5 x 90 cm (27 3/4 x 35 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.845, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.02, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.705, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.9, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"A. P. Ryder\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312428, "title": "Expressionism and Related Movements", "description": "<i>Expressionism and Related Movements</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 26-February 28, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 314043, "title": "Art of the United States: 1670-1966", "description": "<i>Art of the United States: 1670-1966</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 28-November 27, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443572, "title": "Kaleidoscope of American Painting, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Kaleidoscope of American Painting, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries</i>. William Rockhill Nelson Gallery, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (December 1, 1977-January 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184052, "title": "Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age", "description": "<i>Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 23-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-23T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Loan Exhibition of the Works of Albert P. Ryder (11 March - 14 April 1918), cat. no. 48, pl. 48.", "opening_date": "1918-03-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art (1918\u20131924).", "opening_date": "1918-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Anderson Galleries, American Art from the Collections of Members of the Associated Dealers in American Painting (8 - 26 February 1927).", "opening_date": "1927-02-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio, Cleveland Museum of Art, Memorial Exhibition of Paintings by Thomas Eakins, Albert P. Ryder, and J. Alden Weir (1928).", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Sixth Loan Exhibition: Winslow Homer, Albert P. Ryder, Thomas Eakins (May 1930), no. 61, p. 61.", "opening_date": "1930-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Taste of Today in Masterpieces of Painting Before 1900 (10 July - 2 October 1932).", "opening_date": "1932-07-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, The Century of Progress Exhibition (1 June - 1 November 1933), no. 475.", "opening_date": "1933-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Jeu de Paume, Trois Si\u00e8cles d'Art aux \u00c9tats-Unis (May - July 1938), no. 144.", "opening_date": "1938-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Art in Our Time: The Tenth Anniversary Exhibition of The Museum of Modern Art (April - October 1939), cat. no. 26, pl. 26.", "opening_date": "1939-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, M. Knoedler &amp; Co., Two American Romantics of the Nineteenth Century: Robert Loftin Newman 1827-1912, Albert Pinkham Ryder 1847 - 1917 (13 November - 2 December 1939), no. 9.", "opening_date": "1939-11-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Hartford, Connecticut, Wadsworth Atheneum, Night Scenes (15 February - 7 March 1940), no. 56.", "opening_date": "1940-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, Survey of American Painting (24 October - 15 December 1940), cat. no. 205 (not ill.)", "opening_date": "1940-10-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, The Tate Gallery, American Painting: from the Eighteenth Century to the Present Day (Summer 1946), cat. no. 178.", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Ryder Centenary Exhibition (18 October - 30 November 1947), no. 31, ill. p. 34.", "opening_date": "1947-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Diamond Jubilee Exhibition: Masterpieces of American Painting (4 November 1950 - 11 February 51); no. 62.", "opening_date": "1950-11-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, National Academy of Design, The American Tradition Exhibition of Paintings (3 December - 16 December1951), no. 120, ill. p. 44.", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, New York, Albright Art Gallery, Expressionism in American Painting (10 May - 29 June 1952), no. 4, ill. p. 13.", "opening_date": "1952-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Frankfurt, St\u00e4delsches Kunstinstitut, Hundert Jahre Amerikanische Malerei 1800-1900, An Exhibition Circulated by the American Federation of Arts (14 March - 3 May 1953); traveled to M\u00fcnchen, Bayerische Staatsgemaldesammlungen (15 May - 28 June 1953); traveled to Hamburg, Kunstalle (18 July - 30 August 1953), cat. no. 78, p. 34, ill. p. 21.", "opening_date": "1953-03-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rome, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Mostra di Pittura Americana del XIX Secolo (19 January - 7 February 1954), cat. no. 53, pl. 19.", "opening_date": "1954-01-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, American Painting in the Nineteenth Century (1954), cat. no. 53.", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., The Corcoran Gallery, The American Muse (1959), cat. no. 63.", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, New York, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976 (6 March - 11 April 1976), cat. no. 26; traveled to Detroit, Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May - 13 June 1976); traveled to Toledo, Toledo Museum of Art (4 July - 15 August 1976); traveled to Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September - 10 October 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kansas City, Missouri, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Kaleidoscope of American Painting, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (2 December 1977 - 22 January 1978), no. 37, ill. p. 34.", "opening_date": "1977-12-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., National Museum of American Art, The Art of Albert Pinkham Ryder (6 April - 29 July 1990); traveled to Brooklyn, Brooklyn Museum of Art (14 September 1990 - 8 January 1991); exhibition catalog published for the NMAA by the Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1989), p.l 98, fig 86, cat. no. 51, p. 275.", "opening_date": "1990-04-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Albert Pinkham Ryder [1847-1914], New York, NY, sold to Louis Lehmeier", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1896\u20131906", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Louis Lehmeier, returned to the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1It is unclear why Lehmeier, an acquaintance of Ryder, returned the painting to the artist.</div>"], "date": "1906\u2013by 1913", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Albert Pinkham Ryder, probably sold to Albert T. Sanden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "After 1906\u2013by 1913", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Albert T. Sanden, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Sanden, one of Ryder's closest friends, owned 11 paintings by the artist, most of which he purchased directly from the artist.&nbsp; Since Lehmeier returned this painting to Ryder, it is probable that this painting was one of them.</div>"], "date": "By 1913\u20131924", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Ferargil Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Thomas H. Russell of Ferargil Galleries wrote to Margaret Evans of the Butler Institute of American Art that they had just acquired a group of Ryder paintings, including \"The Race Track,\" known as the \"Sanden pictures.\"</div>"], "date": "1924", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1931.27"], "did_you_know": "Counterclockwise horse racing in the United States was not standardized until the 1920s.", "description": "Ryder\u2019s subject was inspired by a horse race that took place in New York during 1888. One of the artist\u2019s friends wagered $500 on the race and then died by suicide after the horse lost. Medieval symbolism infuses the composition: death appears as a skeleton on horseback holding a scythe with which he cuts down the living, while a snake\u2014a sign of temptation and evil\u2014slithers in the foreground. An intense man, Ryder worked on the painting for several years and was deeply reluctant to part with it.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513294"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1928.8-the-race-track-death"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>The Art Digest</em> (Feb. 1, 1928):2.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Art Digest</em> (Feb. 1, 1928): 2.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Zachary Ross, \u201cLinked by Nervousness: Albert Pinkham Ryder and Dr. Albert T. Sanden,\u201d <em>American Art</em> 17.2 (Summer 2003): 86-96.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sophie G. Lehmaier, letter, June 26, 1947, Goodrich, Lloyd and Edith Havens Papers Relating to Albert Pinkham Ryder, #F32, Special Collections, University of Delaware Library.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Davis, John and Michael Leja, <em>Art of the United States 1750-2000: Primary Sources.</em> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 219.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Blakelock, Ralph Albert, Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, New Jersey State Museum, and Nebraska Art Association. Ralph Albert Blakelock, 1847-1919 : [Exhibition] January 14-February 9, 1975, Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska [and] May 4-June 7, 1975, New Jersey State Museum, Trenton, New Jersey. [Lincoln]: [Nebraska Art Association], 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 13.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vincent, Glyn, and Ralph Albert Blakelock. The Unknown Night : The Madness and Genius of R.A. Blakelock, an American Painter. 1st ed. New York: Grove Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 157.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gibran, Kahlil, Suheil B. Bushrui, Tania Sammons, and Telfair Museum of Art. <em>The Art of Kahlil Gibran at Telfair Museums.</em> Savannah, Georgia: Telfair Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 14; reproduced p. 15.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kazarian, Choghakate. \"Unquicken the Pace: Albert Pinkham Ryder's Ripening Paintings.\" Ph.D. dissertation, Courtald Institute of Art, London, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned vol. 1, pp. 136-41, 155, 177, 179; illustrated, vol. 2, p. 49.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Anderson, Sherwood. <em>Les Chevaux de L\u2019adolescence : Nouvelles. </em>Monaco: Rocher, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced, cover (detail).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. <em>Voyages of the Self : Pairs, Parallels, and Patterns in American Art and Literature.</em> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Accessed December 29, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 114, 128; reproduced, p. 115.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davis, John, Michael Leja. <em>Art of the United States, 1750-2000: Primary Sources. </em>Edited by Francesca Rose. Chicago, Illinois: Terra Foundation for American Art, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 219.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 65; reproduced, p. 64-65.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH, London: Cleveland Museum of Art ; in association with Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 282; reproduced, p. 283.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grant, Simon, ed. <em>In My View: Personal Reflections on Art by Today\u2019s Leading Artists.</em> London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 100-101; reproduced, p. 101", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M., \"Superb Art Display Marks Cleveland Museum's 20th Anniversary,\" <em>Art Digest</em> 10 (July 1, 1936).", "page_number": "Reproduced, p. 11.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \u201c\u2018The Race Track,\u2019 or \u2018Death on a Pale Horse\u2019 by Albert Pinkham Ryder.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 15, no. 3 (March 1928): 65\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 65-71; Reproduced: P. 67", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137113"}, {"citation": "Burroughs, Alan. <em>Limners and Likenesses; Three Centuries of American Painting.</em> Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 155-156", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37-38, no. 164; Reproduced: pl. V", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cAmerican Painting from 1860 until Today.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 24, no. 6 (June 1937): 96\u201398.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 97", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137854"}, {"citation": "Kent, Rockwell, ed. <em>World-Famous Paintings.</em> New York: Wise &amp; Co., Inc, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n23"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 542", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n100"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n212"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n212"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 233", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n253"}, {"citation": "Kitaj, R. B., and Timothy Hyman. \"A Return to London\" IN <em>Kitaj Paintings, Drawings, Pastels.</em> John Ashebury, Joe Shannon, Jane Livingston, 41. New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gardner, Helen, Richard G. Tansey and Fred S. Kleiner.<em> Gardner's Art Through the Ages</em>. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1009, fig. 26-87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dijkstra, Bram. <em>American Expressionism: Art and Social Change, 1920-1950. </em>New York: H.N. Abrams, in association with the Columbus Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 67-68, fig. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. <em>American Painting of the Nineteenth Century: Realism, Idealism, and the American Experience</em>. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 176-177, fig. 12.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 10, fig. 4, 94-95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilson, Kristina. <em>The Modern Eye: Stieglitz, MoMA, and the Art of the Exhibition, 1925-1934</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 123", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 282-283", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kim, Miri. \"\"Right Matter in the Right Place\": The Paintings of Albert Pinkham Ryder.\" <em>Center 35: Record of Activities and Research Reports </em>(June 2014-May 2015): 112-115.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114; reproduced: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, John L., Esther Jun, Clodagh Keogh, William H. Robinson, Danni Shen, Enid Shomer, and Reto Thu\u0308ring. Demise: Rina Banerjee, Esperanza Corte\u0301s, Jae Rhim Lee, Brian Maguire, Paolo Pelosini, Levent Tuncer. 2018, 4.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 4-7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCree, J. Woodrow. Washington Irving's Critique of American Culture: Sketching a Vision of World Citizenship. 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 133, fig. 5.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and David Franklin. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 64-65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kazarian, Choghakate. \"Unquicken the Pace: Albert Pinkham Ryder\u2019s Ripening Paintings.\" PhD diss., Courtauld Institute of Art, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49, Vol. II; Mentioned: p. 136-140, fig. 36, Vol. I", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1928.8", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "711", "filesize": "190928", "filename": "1928.8_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2685", "filesize": "3014421", "filename": "1928.8_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_full.tif", "width": "14577", "height": "11511", "filesize": "503415724", "filename": "1928.8_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "743", "filesize": "202756"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2807", "filesize": "2426444"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7179", "height": "5926", "filesize": "127658884"}, "date_created": "2015-05-11T12:28:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "781", "filesize": "201007"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2952", "filesize": "2685028"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6259", "height": "5435", "filesize": "102082984"}, "date_created": "2015-05-11T12:47:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1074", "height": "893", "filesize": "820469"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2826", "filesize": "8179526"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3829", "height": "3183", "filesize": "36605784"}, "date_created": "2008-08-13T14:38:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1136", "height": "893", "filesize": "799109"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2673", "filesize": "7530476"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.8/1928.8_alt3_full.tif", "width": "7242", "height": "5694", "filesize": "123742276"}, "date_created": "2004-08-23T19:15:20", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Payne Fund Gallery", "athena_id": 110180, "creators": [{"id": 3267, "description": "Albert Pinkham Ryder (American, 1847\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1847", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1928-01-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1896, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1896\u20131908", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:51:53.060000"}, {"id": 137259, "accession_number": "1962.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mme L . . . (Laure Borreau), 1863. Gustave Courbet (French, 1819\u20131877). Oil on fabric; framed: 112.4 x 93 x 12.1 cm (44 1/4 x 36 5/8 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 81 x 61.2 cm (31 7/8 x 24 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1962.2", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Mme L . . . (Laure Borreau)", "creation_date": "1863", "creation_date_earliest": 1863, "creation_date_latest": 1863, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 112.4 x 93 x 12.1 cm (44 1/4 x 36 5/8 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 81 x 61.2 cm (31 7/8 x 24 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.124, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.93, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.121, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.81, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.612, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: Gustave Courbet / . . 63\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444095, "title": "Gustave Courbet", "description": "<i>Gustave Courbet</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (October 1, 1977-January 2, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 220961, "title": "Courbet, Artist and Entrepeneur", "description": "<i>Courbet, Artist and Entrepeneur</i>. Mus\u00e9e Cantonal des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne, Switzerland (November 21, 1998-February 21, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216847, "title": "Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections", "description": "<i>Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 28-July 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 522048, "title": "1863 \u2022 PARIS \u2022 1874: Revolution in Art - From the Salon to Impressionism", "description": "<i>1863 \u2022 PARIS \u2022 1874: Revolution in Art - From the Salon to Impressionism</i>. Wallraf-Richartz Museum, K\u00f6ln, Germany (organizer) (March 15-July 28, 2024) https://www.wallraf.museum/ausstellungen/aktuell/2024-03-15-paris-1874/.", "opening_date": "2024-03-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Salon.</em> Palais des Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es, Paris, France. Salon (1863).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exposition d'art fran\u00e7ais du XIXe si\u00e8cle.</em> Paul Rosenberg, Possibly Paris, France (1917).", "opening_date": "1917-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Cinquante ans de peinture fran\u00e7aise</em>. Mus\u00e9e des Arts D\u00e9coratifs, Paris, France (1925).", "opening_date": "1925-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Portraits et figures de femmes. Ingres \u00e0 Picasso</em>. Galerie de La Renaissance, Paris, France (1928).", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Gustave Courbet</em>. Palais des Beaux-Arts de la ville de Paris (Petit Palais), Paris, France (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition d'oeuvres importantes de Grands Ma\u00eetres du dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle</em>. Galerie Paul Rosenberg, Paris, France (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em> Loans in Honor of the Opening of the Avery Memorial.</em> Wadsworth Athenaeum. Hartford, CT (1934).", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Gustave Courbet</em>. Paul Rosenberg, Paris, France (1937).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Honderd Jaar Fransche Kunst.</em> Stedelijk Museum. Amsterdam, Netherlands (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gustave Courbet 1819-1877</em>. London, Rosenberg &amp; Helft Ltd., London, United Kingdom (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Great French Masters of the Nineteenth Century</em>: Corot to Van Gogh. Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co. New York, NY (1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Art of the 19th and 20th Centuries </em>. Rhode Island School of Design Museum of Art, Providence, RI (1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Art of the United Nations</em>. M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, CA (1945).", "opening_date": "1945-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Great French Masters of the 19th Century.</em> Possibly Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co, New York, NY (November, 17 -December 6, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-12-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of 19th Century French Paintings. </em>Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co., New York, NY (1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Paintings by Gustave Courbet</em>. Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co., New York, NY (1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gustave Courbet 1819-1877</em>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA; (December 17, 1959-February 14, 1960); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (February 26, 1960-April 14, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-12-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Courbet in Private French Collections</em>. Galerie Claude Aubry, Paris, France (May 5-June 25, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-05-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gustave Courbet 1819-1877. </em>Villa Medici, Rome, Italy (October 28, 1969-January 6, 1970).", "opening_date": "1969-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Courbet 1819-1877</em>. Galerie Daber, Paris, France (October 16 to November 15, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-10-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gustave Courbet 1819-1877</em>. Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (January 19-March 19, 1977); Grand Palais, Paris, France (October 1, 1977-January 2, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-01-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Courbet und Deutschland.</em> Stadische Galerie,Hamburg, Germany (October 19-December 17, 1978); Stadelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt, Germany (January 17-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Courbet Reconsidered</em>. Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (November 4, 1988-January 16, 1989); Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, MN (February 18-April 30, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Drouot, Paris, France, Artist's estate sale,  December 9, 1881, lot 11, stock number 2070, sold to Durand-Ruel)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1881", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris France, December 10, 1881, sold to Max Flersheim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1881", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Paul Rosenberg and Company, New York, NY by 1934, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1934-1962", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Courbet once wrote of Laure Borreau, the sitter in this portrait, \"I am in love with a splendid lady, the driving force behind my triumph.\"", "description": "Gustave Courbet painted four portraits of Madame Laure Borreau; this is the last and most highly developed. As a Realist, Courbet aimed to represent what he saw in the visible, tangible world. He represented Madame Borreau in a black silk dress embellished with lace and a matching hat. Gold and violet lights of sunset softly illuminate the background. However, the portrait is not idealized. Courbet\u2019s inclusion of her shadowed eyes and full-fleshed neck prompted one critic to write, \u201cI daresay in nature she may be very pretty, but in Courbet\u2019s picture she is nothing less than offensive.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60466132"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.2-mme-l-laure-borreau"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hamerton, Philip Gilbert. \"The Salon of 1863.\" <em>The Fine Arts Quarterly Review</em> 1 (1863): 15-262.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mantz, Paul. \"Salon de 1863.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> 14 (1863): 481-506.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 498-499", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burty, Philippe. \"Une Lettre de M. Courbet.\" <em>La Chronique des Arts et de la Curiosite\u0301 </em>June 7, 1863: 253.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition des \u0153uvres de Gustave Courbet: a l'E\u0301cole des beaux-arts (mai 1882): Catalogu</em>e. Paris: Impr. E\u0301mile Martinet, 1882.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Supplement p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Estignard, Alexandre. <em>Courbet Sa Vie, Ses Oeuvres.</em> Besan\u00e7on: Delagrange-Louys, 1896.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Riat, Georges, and Paul Vitry. <em>Gustave Courbet, peintre</em>. Paris, France: H. Floury, 1906.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le\u0301ger, Charles. <em>Courbet, selon les caricatures et les images</em>. Paris, France: P. Rosenberg, 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le\u0301ger, Charles. <em>Courbet.</em> Paris: Nilsson, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alexandre, Arsene. \"Portraits et Figures de Femmes.\" <em>La Renaissance </em>11 (July/August 1928).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 261, no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le\u0301ger, Charles. <em>Courbet</em>. Paris: E\u0301ditions G. Cre\u0300s, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 95, 98; reproduced: Pl. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Courthion, Pierre. <em>Courbet</em>. Paris, France: Librairie Floury, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 31; Reproduced: p. 91, pl. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Courthion, Pierre. <em>Courbet.</em> Paris: Librairie Floury, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 34, 91; reproduced: Pl. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le\u0301ger, Charles. <em>Courbet</em>. Paris, France: Braun, 1934.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baillods, Jules. <em>Courbet Vivant</em>. Neucha\u0302tel, Switzerland: Delachaux &amp; Niestle\u0301, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le\u0301ger, Charles. <em>Courbet et son Temps; Lettres et Documents Ine\u0301dits.</em> Paris: E\u0301ditions Universelles, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mack, Gerstle. <em>Gustave Courbet</em>. New York, NY: Knopf, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170, pl. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Les Amis de Gustave Courbet </em>20 (1957): 11.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review 1962.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLVIIII</em>, no.9 (November, 1962):198-227.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 229, no. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Gustave Courbet, Madame Boreau..\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLVIIII</em>, no.4 (April, 1962):66-71.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMadame Boreau by Courbet,\u201d April 2, 1962, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0926"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. <em>Style, Truth, and the Portrait</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saisselin, R\u00e9my Gilbert. \u201cPortrait in History: Some Connections between Art and Literature.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 78 (October 1963): 281\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 287", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borea, E. \"Notiziario: Style, Truth, and the Portrait.\" <em>Arte Antica e Moderna </em>24 (Ottobre-Dicembre 1963): 7-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 7-8, no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194"}, {"citation": "<em>Courbet dans les Collections Prive\u0301es Franc\u0327aises ... 5 mai-25 juin 1966, [Galerie] Claude Aubry ... Paris. </em>Paris: Galerie C. Aubry, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aymar, Gordon Christian. <em>The Art of Portrait Painting; Portraits Through the Centuries As Seen Through the Eyes of a Practicing Portrait Painter</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Chilton Book Co, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78, pl. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Laclotte, Michel, Palma Bucarelli, and He\u0301le\u0300ne Toussaint. <em>Gustave Courbet (1819-1877)</em>. Rome. Italy: De Luca, 1969.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cHenri Fantin-Latour: Madame Henri Lerolle.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 9 (November 1969): 309\u2013319.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 315-316, fig. 7", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152293"}, {"citation": "Bonniot, Roger. <em>Gustave Courbet en Saintonge, 1862-1863</em>. Paris, France: C. Klincksieck, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 53; mentioned: P. 124, 209, 217-248, 269, 295-299", "url": null}, {"citation": "Champa, Kermit Swiler. <em>Studies in Early Impressionism</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34, fig. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daber, Alfred. <em>Courbet, 1819-1877: </em>Paris, France: Galerie Daber, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toussaint, He\u0301le\u0300ne. <em>Gustave Courbet: 1819-1877 : [exposition organise\u0301e par la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux et l'Arts Council of Great Britain], Grand Palais, 30 septembre 1977-2 janvier 1978 : [catalogue</em>. Paris, France: Ministe\u0300re de la culture et de l'environnement, E\u0301ditions des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n230"}, {"citation": "Fernier, Robert. <em>La vie et l'\u0153uvre de Gustave Courbet: catalogue raisonne\u0301</em>. Lausanne, Switzerland: Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. I, no. 358", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofmann, Werner, and Klaus Herding. <em>Courbet und Deutschland: [Hamburger Kunsthalle, 19. Oktober-17. Dezember 1978, Sta\u0308dt. Galerie im Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinst. Frankfurt am Main, 17. Januar-18. Ma\u0308rz 1979</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Du Mont, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, fig. e", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heilmeier, Hans. \"Von Ingres bis Picasso.\" <em>Das Kunstblatt</em> (1978): 277-288.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 280", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Abe, Yoshio. Courbet. <em>Ku\u0304rube</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Ko\u0304dansha, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116, no. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foucart, Bruno, <em>Courbet</em>. Norwalk, CT: Easton Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48; Mentioned: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Courthion, Pierre. <em>L'opera completa di Courbet</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 341", "url": null}, {"citation": "Faunce, Sarah, and Linda Nochlin. <em>Courbet Reconsidered</em>. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Museum, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "ten-Doesschate Chu,, Petra. <em>Letters of Gustave Courbet</em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 218-219; Reproduced: p. 221, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Abe, Yoshio . <em>Ku\u0304rube = Gustave Courbet</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91, pl. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Andreotti, Margherita. \"The Joseph Winterbotham Collection.\" <em>Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies</em> 20, no. 2 (1994): 111-92.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 112", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/4112960"}, {"citation": "Kostenevich, A. G. <em>Hidden treasures revealed: impressionist masterpieces and other important French paintings preserved by the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg</em>. New York, NY: Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg in association with H.N. Abrams, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fernier, Jean-Jacques. <em>Courbet, l'amour--: Baltasar Lobo, sculptures : Christian Welter, un regard amoureux</em>. Ornans, France: Muse\u0301e Gustave Courbet, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "ten-Doesschate Chu, Petra, and Jo\u0308rg Zutter. <em>Courbet: artiste et promoteur de son \u0153uvre</em>. Paris, France: Flammarion, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 19; p. 26-27", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bajou-Charpentreau, Vale\u0301rie, and Gustave Courbet. <em>Courbet</em>. Paris, France: A. Biro, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 268", "url": null}, {"citation": "Riat, Georges. <em>Gustave Courbet</em>. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Baseline Co, Ltd., 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126, fig. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lobstein, Dominique. \"Le Retour de la Conference et les Salons de 1863.\" In <em>Le Retour de la Confe\u0301rence: Un Tableau Disparu, </em>29-36. [Ornans]: Muse\u0301e Gustave Courbet; Besanc\u0327on: Sekoya, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schaefer, Barbara, and Wallraf-Richartz-Museum. <em>Paris 1863-1874: Revolution in Der Kunst: Vom Salon Zum Impressionismus</em>. K\u00f6ln: Wienand, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 122-123, no. 3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.2/1962.2_web.jpg", "width": "684", "height": "893", "filesize": "345987", "filename": "1962.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.2/1962.2_print.jpg", "width": "2604", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5231419", "filename": "1962.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.2/1962.2_full.tif", "width": "4123", "height": "5384", "filesize": "66624912", "filename": "1962.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 137259, "creators": [{"id": 1600, "description": "Gustave Courbet (French, 1819\u20131877)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born into a wealthy farmer's family, Courbet began his training in 1831 at the Petit S\u00e9minaire in Ornans where, beginning in 1833, he studied under \"le p\u00e8re Baud,\" who had been a pupil of Gros (q.v.). He was befriended by poet Max Buchon, who would later write the first article on Courbet, claiming that he was the artist for the people. In 1837, hoping that Gustave would become a lawyer, his father sent him to the Coll\u00e8ge Royal in Besan\u00e7on. Despite his father's ambitions, Courbet began to study art at the academy there with Charles-Antoine Flageoulot (1774-1840), a former student of David (q.v.). By 1839 Courbet had moved to Paris to pursue a career in art. He refrained from entering the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, studying instead briefly with Charles de Steuben (1788-1856) and preferring to learn how to paint by copying the works of the Old Masters in the museums. Courbet also wanted to work after life models and enrolled at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. He began to submit paintings to the Salon, the majority of which were rejected. In 1846-47 Courbet traveled to the Netherlands where he studied the works of Rembrandt and Hals. The following year ten of his paintings were shown at the Salon, and together with his friends Baudelaire, Champfleury, and Buchon he became labeled a \"realist.\" Courbet's paintings shown at the 1851 Salon-Stonebreakers (1849, formerly Dresden Gem\u00e4ldegalerie, destroyed during World War II), Peasants of Flagey (1850-55, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Besan\u00e7on), and The Burial at Ornans (1849-50, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris)-elicited criticism. Because Courbet represented the peasants as he saw them, without ennobling or idealizing them, his works met with disapproval. Moreover, these representations of peasants appeared at a time when the upper classes felt threatened by social unrest and by the instability of the republic. In 1855 Courbet financed an independent Pavillon du R\u00e9alisme near the Universal Exposition, where he showed his Painter's Studio (1854-55, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). He began to travel extensively, including visits to Gent, Brussels, Antwerp, Bruges, Cologne, Mainz, and Strasbourg. He returned to Germany in 1858, and while in Frankfurt, he began to paint the stag hunts he witnessed. The following year he visited the Normandy coast, painting seascapes, some of which became almost abstractions. Courbet turned to still lifes in 1862-63 when visiting the Saintonge area, yet he still continued to create landscapes and portraits. By 1870 he was offered the Legion of Honor but refused it because of his opposition to the imperial government. During the Paris Commune from March to May 1871, Courbet became an active member of the government. As chairman of the Commission for the Protection of the Artistic Monuments of Paris, he suggested the Vend\u00f4me Column be dismantled because it was an imperial symbol. The Commune decided instead to topple the column. When the Commune was defeated, Courbet was held responsible for this act of vandalism and was jailed for six months. In 1873 the government decided to rebuild the column at Courbet's expense. Unable to pay and fearful of being arrested, Courbet moved to Switzerland, where he spent the rest of his life in exile.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1819", "death_year": "1877", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-02-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1863, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1863", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madame Laure Borreau (La Dame au Chapeau noir)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:06:39.160000"}, {"id": 141639, "accession_number": "1965.233", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Twilight in the Wilderness, 1860. Frederic Edwin Church (American, 1826\u20131900). Oil on canvas; unframed: 101.6 x 162.6 cm (40 x 64 in.); framed: 124 x 185 x 13 cm (48 13/16 x 72 13/16 x 5 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1965.233", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "Twilight in the Wilderness", "creation_date": "1860", "creation_date_earliest": 1860, "creation_date_latest": 1860, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 101.6 x 162.6 cm (40 x 64 in.); Framed: 124 x 185 x 13 cm (48 13/16 x 72 13/16 x 5 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.24, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.85, "width_inch": 72, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.13, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.016, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.626, "width_inch": 64, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed and dated lower right: \"F. E. CHURCH / -60-\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 316990, "title": "Frederic Edwin Church", "description": "<i>Frederic Edwin Church</i>. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (organizer) (co-organizer) (February 2-March 13, 1966); Albany Institute of History and Art, Albany, NY (March 30-April 30, 1966); M. Knoedler & Co., Inc. (June 1-30, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-03-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 314043, "title": "Art of the United States: 1670-1966", "description": "<i>Art of the United States: 1670-1966</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 28-November 27, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 314948, "title": "Wilderness", "description": "<i>Wilderness</i>. Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 9-November 14, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-10-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315054, "title": "American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1850-1875", "description": "<i>American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1850-1875</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (co-organizer) (February 10-June 15, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 314070, "title": "A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting, 1760 - 1910", "description": "<i>A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting, 1760 - 1910</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (co-organizer) (September 7-November 13, 1983); Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (December 7, 1983-February 12, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-09-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315079, "title": "American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School", "description": "<i>American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 4, 1987-January 3, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315091, "title": "Bilder Aus des Neuen Welt: Amerikanische Malerei des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts (Paintings from the New World: American Paintings from the 18th and the 19th Century)", "description": "<i>Bilder Aus des Neuen Welt: Amerikanische Malerei des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts (Paintings from the New World: American Paintings from the 18th and the 19th Century)</i>. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany (organizer) (November 17, 1988-February 12, 1989); Orangerie des Schlosses Charlottenburg, Berlin, Germany (November 17, 1988-February 12, 1989); Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, CH-8024 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (March 3-May 15, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-11-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315126, "title": "Frederic Edwin Church", "description": "<i>Frederic Edwin Church</i>. National Gallery of Art (co-organizer) (October 8, 1989-January 28, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-10-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 221835, "title": "America. The New World in 19th-century Painting\r\nAmerica. Die Neue Welt in Bildern des 19. Jahrhunderts", "description": "<i>America. The New World in 19th-century Painting\r\nAmerica. Die Neue Welt in Bildern des 19. Jahrhunderts</i>. Belvedere, Wien, Austria (organizer) (March 17-June 20, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 221738, "title": "The American Sublime", "description": "<i>The American Sublime</i>. Tate Britain, London (organizer) (February 20-May 19, 2002); Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Museum of American Art, Philadelphia, PA (June 17-August 25, 2002); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (September 22-November 17, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205195, "title": "Maine Sublime: Frederic Church\u2019s \u201cTwilight in the Wilderness\u201d", "description": "<i>Maine Sublime: Frederic Church\u2019s \u201cTwilight in the Wilderness\u201d</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2014-January 25, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-10-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Goupil's Gallery, New York, June 1860.", "opening_date": "1860-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art and National Academy of Design, The New York Centennial Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Selected from the Private Art Galleries, (1876), no. 125, listed as being part of J. T. Johnston's collection.", "opening_date": "1876-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Paintings by Frederic E. Church, N. A., (28 May to 15 October1900), illustrated in catalogue as plate 6.", "opening_date": "1900-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore, The Municipal Art Society of Baltimore, Art Loan Exhibition, (1902), no. 89, listed as the property of Miss Garrett.", "opening_date": "1902-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Frederic Edwin Church, (12 February to 13 March 1966), no. 44; E18/ C56 W319. Exhibition traveled to the Albany Institute of History and Art (30 March through 30 April 1966), and, without Twilight in the Wilderness, to M. Knoedler and Company, New York (1 June through 30 June 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Art of the United States: 1670-1966, (28 September to 27 November, 1966), no. 48, brief comments about the color in Twilight in the Wilderness by Lloyd Goodrich, p. 25, catalogue.", "opening_date": "1966-09-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., The National Endowment for the Arts with the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Wilderness, (9 October to 14 November 1971), no. 69.", "opening_date": "1971-10-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, New York, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776-1976, (6 March to 11 April 1976), no. 10. Exhibition traveled to the Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May through 13 June 1976), The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July through 15 August 1976), and the Cleveland Museum of Art, (8 September through 10 October 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., National Gallery of Art, American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1850-1875, (10 February through 15 June 1980), no. 204; includes the following remarks: in \"Design and Measurement in Luminist Art\", Lisa Andrus discusses the composition of and quality of light in Twilight in the Wilderness, p.36; Earl A. Powell's \"Luminism and the American Sublime\" describes Church's use of cadmium colors to achieve brilliant light in many of his paintings, including Twilight in the Wilderness; and Twilight's role in the development of the 19th century ideal of the sublime, p. 92; \"Church and Luminism: Light for America's Elect\" by David C. Huntington describes how Church's technique in Twilight in the Wilderness erases all evidence of the artist's touch, p. 170, illus. 167.", "opening_date": "1980-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting, 1760- 1910, (7 September through 13 November 1983), no. 39.", "opening_date": "1983-09-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Also traveled to The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. (7 December 1983- 12 February 1984) and, without Twilight in the Wilderness, to Grand Palais, Paris (16 March- 11 June 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-03-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School, (4 October 1987 through 3 January 1988), pp.45, 251-4.", "opening_date": "1987-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Berlin, Staatliche Museen Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz, Nationalgalerie, Orangerie des Schlosses Charlottenburg, Bilder Aus des Neuen Welt: Amerikanische Malerei des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, (22 November 1988 through 5 February 1989), no. 15. Exhibition traveled to Kunsthaus Zurich, (3 March - 15 May 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., National Gallery of Art, Frederic Edwin Church, (8 October 1989 to 28 January 1990), no. 34, catalogue text by Franklin Kelly, pp. 58-59, 61-62, illus. p. 110, cat. 34.", "opening_date": "1989-10-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Vienna, Osterreichischen Galerie Belvedere, America: Die Neue Welt in Bildern des 19 Jahrunderts, (17 March through 20 June 1999), no. 45.", "opening_date": "1999-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, The Tate Britain, American Sublime: Landscape Painting in the United States, 1820-1880, (21 February - 19 May 2002), no. 25; pp. 129-131, p. 55-6, illus. p. 115, 131; Exhibition traveled to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia (17 June -25 August 2002) and Minneapolis Institute of Art (22 September- 17 November 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (06/21/2005 - 09/11/2005); \"CMA Highlights\"", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Avery's Gallery, (1866). Also shown at Dusseldorf Gallery, New York, 1866. Both exhibitions held in connection with auction, according to The Round Table, 10 March 1866. (See reference above.)", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New Haven, Connecticut, Yale College, Second Annual Exhibition of the Yale School of the Fine Arts, Founded as a Department of Yale College by the Late Augustus Russell Street of New Haven, Conn., (1870), no. 114, listed as the property of John T. Johnston.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art and National Academy of Design, The New York Centennial Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Selected from the Private Art Galleries, (1876), no. 125, listed as being part of J. T. Johnston's collection.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Paintings by Frederic E. Church, N. A., (28 May to 15 October1900), illustrated in catalogue as plate 6.", "opening_date": "1900-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore, The Municipal Art Society of Baltimore, Art Loan Exhibition, (1902), no. 89, listed as the property of Miss Garrett.", "opening_date": "1902-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Frederic Edwin Church, (12 February to 13 March 1966), no. 44; E18/ C56 W319. Exhibition traveled to the Albany Institute of History and Art (30 March through 30 April 1966), and, without Twilight in the Wilderness, to M. Knoedler and Company, New York (1 June through 30 June 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Art of the United States: 1670-1966, (28 September to 27 November, 1966), no. 48, brief comments about the color in Twilight in the Wilderness by Lloyd Goodrich, p. 25, catalogue.", "opening_date": "1966-09-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., The National Endowment for the Arts with the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Wilderness, (9 October to 14 November 1971), no. 69.", "opening_date": "1971-10-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, New York, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776-1976, (6 March to 11 April 1976), no. 10. Exhibition traveled to the Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May through 13 June 1976), The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July through 15 August 1976), and the Cleveland Museum of Art, (8 September through 10 October 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., National Gallery of Art, American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1850-1875, (10 February through 15 June 1980), no. 204; includes the following remarks: in \"Design and Measurement in Luminist Art\", Lisa Andrus discusses the composition of and quality of light in Twilight in the Wilderness, p.36; Earl A. Powell's \"Luminism and the American Sublime\" describes Church's use of cadmium colors to achieve brilliant light in many of his paintings, including Twilight in the Wilderness; and Twilight's role in the development of the 19th century ideal of the sublime, p. 92; \"Church and Luminism: Light for America's Elect\" by David C. Huntington describes how Church's technique in Twilight in the Wilderness erases all evidence of the artist's touch, p. 170, illus. 167.", "opening_date": "1980-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting, 1760- 1910, (7 September through 13 November 1983), no. 39.", "opening_date": "1983-09-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Also traveled to The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C. (7 December 1983- 12 February 1984) and, without Twilight in the Wilderness, to Grand Palais, Paris (16 March- 11 June 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-03-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Berlin, Staatliche Museen Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz, Nationalgalerie, Orangerie des Schlosses Charlottenburg, Bilder Aus des Neuen Welt: Amerikanische Malerei des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, (22 November 1988 through 5 February 1989), no. 15. Exhibition traveled to Kunsthaus Zurich, (3 March - 15 May 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., National Gallery of Art, Frederic Edwin Church, (8 October 1989 to 28 January 1990), no. 34, catalogue text by Franklin Kelly, pp. 58-59, 61-62, illus. p. 110, cat. 34.", "opening_date": "1989-10-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Vienna, Osterreichischen Galerie Belvedere, America: Die Neue Welt in Bildern des 19 Jahrunderts, (17 March through 20 June 1999), no. 45.", "opening_date": "1999-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, The Tate Britain, American Sublime: Landscape Painting in the United States, 1820-1880, (21 February - 19 May 2002), no. 25; pp. 129-131, p. 55-6, illus. p. 115, 131; Exhibition traveled to the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia (17 June -25 August 2002) and Minneapolis Institute of Art (22 September- 17 November 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-02-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "William T. Walters [1820-1894], Baltimore, MD, consigned to Samuel Putnam Avery for sale at Henry H. Leeds and Co.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Walters, a prominent collector and namesake of the Walters Art Museum, commissioned the painting from Church in 1860.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1860-1864", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Henry H. Leeds and Co., New York, NY, Feb. 12-13, 1864)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Consigned to Samuel Putnam Avery by Walters, the painting seems to have been bought in by Avery at this sale and then put up for auction again in 1866.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1864", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Samuel Putnam Avery [1822-1904], New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->After likely buying in the painting at the 1864 auction, Avery, a close associate of Walters, offered it for sale again in 1866.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1864-1866", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Leeds and Minor at Old Dusseldorf Gallery, New York, NY, March 9, 1866, no. 174, sold to John Taylor Johnston)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->This auction included \u201cthe entire collection of the foreign oil and water color paintings, consigned to Samuel P. Avery,\" \u201dto which will be added the celebrated picture by F.E. Church, Twilight in the Wilderness.\"&nbsp; As in the 1864 auction, here, too, Walters consigned the painting to Avery for sale.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1866", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "John Taylor Johnston [1820-1893], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1866-1876", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Chickering Hall, John Taylor Johnston sale, Dec. 19-22, 1876, sold to John Work Garrett?)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Emily de Forest, Johnston's daughter and Robert de Forest's wife, the painting was purchased at this sale by Mary Garrett.&nbsp; Lockwood de Forest, Robert's brother, however, maintains it was purchased by John Work Garrett and then descended to his daughter, Mary.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1876", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "John Work Garrett [1820-1884], Baltimore, MD, by descent to his daughter, Mary E. Garrett?", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1876-probably 1884", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Mary E. Garrett [1854-1909], Baltimore, MD, sold to Robert de Forest", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Mary Garrett was a close friend of the de Forests.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably 1884-at least 1902", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Robert de Forest [1848-1931], Parkers Point, CT, by descent to his brother, Lockwood de Forest", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->&nbsp;According to Robert's wife, Emily, he purchased the painting from Mary Garrett.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "After 1902-1931", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Lockwood de Forest [1850\u20131932], Santa Barbara, CA, by descent to his son, Alfred Victor de Forest", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931-1932", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Alfred Victor de Forest [1888-1945], Marlborough, NH, by descent to his son, Taber de Forest", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1932-1945", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Taber de Forest [1913\u20131978], Maine, sold to David Wilson McCoy", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1945-early 1960s", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "David Wilson McCoy [1916\u20132011], Lyme, CT, sold to Robert Paul Weimann, Jr., Ansonia, CT", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1963", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "Robert Paul Weimann, Jr. [1925\u20131978], Ansonia, CT, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1963\u201365", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 15}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "An image of this painting has a cameo in the Harrison Ford film <em>Clear and Present Danger</em>.", "description": "In his New York studio, Church painted this spectacular view of a blazing sunset over wilderness near Mount Katahdin in Maine, which he had sketched during a visit nearly two years earlier. Although Church often extolled the grandeur of American landscape in his work, this painting appears to have additional overtones. Created on the eve of the Civil War, the painting's subject can be interpreted as symbolically evoking the coming conflagration. Church's considerable technical skills and clever showmanship contributed to his fame as the premier artist of his generation. Rather than debut this painting in an annual exhibition with works by other artists as was the custom, Church instead exhibited it by itself at a prestigious art gallery. Coaxed by advance publicity and highly favorable press reviews, several hundred spectators flocked to admire it during its seven-week run.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56879420"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.233-twilight-in-the-wild"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>New York Herald</em> (June 8, 1860): 10.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lockwood de Forest, letter to Emily de Forest, Sept. 16, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin W. Kelly, letter to William S. Talbot, Oct. 21, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Art Exhibitions and Sales,\" <em>The Nation</em> 2 (March 15, 1866): 346.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin W. Kelly, letter to William S. Talbot, Oct. 21, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Art Notes,\" <em>The Round Table</em> 3 (March 10, 1866): 151.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Art Exhibitions and Sales,\u201d <em>The Nation</em> 2 (March 15, 1866): 346.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eleanor Harvey, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, April 8, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Auction Sales,\u201d<em> New York Times</em> (March 6, 1866): 6.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cArt Notes,\u201d <em>The Round Table</em> 3 (March 10, 1866): 151.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin W. Kelly, letter to William S. Talbot, May 5, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin W. Kelly, letter to William S. Talbot, Oct. 21, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Harold Kirker, letter to Sherman Lee, July 10, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Emily de Forest, letter to Lockwood de Forest, Sept. 10, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Emily de Forest, letter to Lockwood de Forest, Sept. 10, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lockwood de Forest, letter to Emily de Forest, Sept. 16, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lockwood de Forest, letter to Emily de Forest, Sept. 16, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Emily de Forest, letter to Lockwood de Forest, Sept. 10, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sander, Kathleen Waters. <em>Mary Elizabeth Garrett: Society and Philanthropy in the Gilded Age</em>. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Emily de Forest, letter to Lockwood de Forest, Sept. 10, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lockwood de Forest, letter to Emily de Forest, Sept. 16, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Harold Kirker, letter to Sherman Lee, July 10, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Emily de Forest, letter to Lockwood de Forest, Sept. 10, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lockwood de Forest, letter to Emily de Forest, Sept. 16, 1931, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Harold Kirker, letter to Sherman Lee, July 10, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Marion de Forest, letter to James H. Dempsey, Jr., June 6, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot, letter to Kevin Avery, Oct. 27, 1986, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Marion de Forest, letter to James H. Dempsey, Jr., June 6, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Harold Kirker, letter to Sherman Lee, July 10, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Taber de Forest, letter to William S. Talbot, Jan. 12, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Harold Kirker, letter to William S. Talbot, Sept. 18, 1969, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Marion de Forest, letter to James H. Dempsey, Jr., June 6, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Taber de Forest, letter to William S. Talbot, Jan. 12, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Taber de Forest, letter to William S. Talbot, Jan. 12, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Coloquio Internacional de Historia del Arte Zacatecas, Zac. 1994, Gustavo Curiel, Renato Gonza\u0301lez Mello, Juana Gutie\u0301rrez Haces, and Universidad Nacional Auto\u0301noma de Me\u0301xico Instituto de Investigaciones Este\u0301ticas. <em>Arte, Historia E Identidad En Ame\u0301rica : Visiones Comparativas : XVII Coloquio Internacional de Historia Del Arte.</em> Me\u0301xico: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Este\u0301ticas, 1994.", "page_number": "Mantioned p. 255.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Albany Institute of History and Art, Tammis Kane Groft, and Mary Alice Mackay. <em>Albany Institute of History &amp; Art : 200 Years of Collecting. </em>1st ed. New York, [Lanham, Md.]: Hudson Hills Press in association with Albany Institute of History and Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 102.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stebbins, Theodore E., Jr. <em>Rethinking American Art: Collectors, Critics, and the Changing Canon</em>. (Boston: Godine, 2025).", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 16 and 73.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Barringer, Tim, \"Anglo-American Sublime,\" <em>Magazine Antiques</em> 192 (November/December 2025).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 114, 117; reproduced p. 117.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin, T. J. Barringer, Dorothy Mahon, Christopher Riopelle, Shannon Vittoria, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and National Gallery (Great Britain). <em>Thomas Cole\u2019s Journey : Atlantic Crossings</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 239.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Avery, Kevin J., and Elizabeth Jacks. <em>Sanford R. Gifford in the Catskills. </em>Edited by Kate Menconeri. Catskill, N.Y.: Thomas Cole National Historic Site, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 15; reproduced, p. 14.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "O\u2019Keeffe, Georgia, Tate Modern (Gallery), Kunstforum Wien, and Art Gallery of Ontario. <em>Georgia O\u2019Keeffe.</em> Edited by Tanya Barson. New York: Abrams, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 11.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mitchell, Mark D., <em>George Inness in Italy.</em> Philadelphia, Pa.: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 21; reproduced, p. 22.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Howat, John K., <em>Frederic Church. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 99-10; reproduced, cover (detail), p. 99.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kusserow, Karl, Alan C. Braddock, Miranda Belarde-Lewis, Teddy Cruz, Rachael Ziady DeLue, Mark Dion, Fonna Forman, et al. <em>Nature\u2019s Nation: American Art and Environment.</em> Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 123.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Mizue</em> 820 (August 1973).", "page_number": "Reproduced, p. 39.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Must This Mansion Be Destroyed?,\" <em>Life </em>60 (May 13, 1996).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 76.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Judy Ledgerwood: Twilight in the Wilderness, </em>exh. cat. (New York: Gray New York, 2025).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 5.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Johnson, Victoria. <em>Glorious Country, How the Artist Frederic Church Brought the World to America and America to the World.</em> (New York: Scribner, 2026).", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 154-57, 164-66, 271, 308; reproduced, color plate.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Mr. Church's Last Picture,\" <em>New York Times</em> (Jun. 7, 1860).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 185", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n209"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 185", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n209"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cAmerican Visions of Wilderness.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 4 (April 1969): 151\u2013166.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 159-163, figs. 9-11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152270"}, {"citation": "National Endowment for the Arts, and Corcoran Gallery of Art. <em>Wilderness</em>. New York: Printed by Benson Litho; for sale by the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, 1971.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 229", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n249"}, {"citation": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, <em>American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School,</em> (4 October 1987 through 3 January 1988).", "page_number": "pp. 45, 251-4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Carr, Gerald. \"Frederic Edwin Church and Mexico.\" In <em>Arte, Historia e Identidad en America: Visiones Comparativas, </em>edited by Gustavo Curiel. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 255", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. <em>Knockouts: a pocket guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 48, p. 48 - 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Keck, Michaela. <em>Walking in the Wilderness: The Peripatetic Tradition in Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Painting</em>. Heidelberg: Winter, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 160, fig. 3.28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 8, p. 11; p. 74 - 75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Picture Perfect\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 48 no. 8, October 2008", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-08/page/8"}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"New Spaces in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>American Art </em>24, no. 2 (Summer 2010)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16; Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mitchell, Mark DeSaussure, and George Inness. <em>George Inness in Italy</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "21. Reproduced: 22, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Janson, H. W., Penelope J. E. Davies, and H. W. Janson. <em>Janson's History of Art: The Western Tradition.</em> Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 834-835, fig. 24.10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 48; reproduced: P. 42-43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \u201cTwilight in the Wilderness: A close look at an American masterpiece.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 4 (July/August 2014): 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, p. 5; Mentioned: p. 4, 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-04"}, {"citation": "Raab, Jennifer. <em>Frederic Church: The Art and Science of Detail</em>. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 93, fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>American Paintings, Works on Paper and Sculpture: The Collection of A. Alfred Taubman, Volume Three.</em> New York: Sotheby's, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Avery, Kevin J. <em>Sanford R. Gifford in the Catskills.</em> Catskill, N.Y.: Thomas Cole National Historic Site, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fortenberry, Diane, ed.<em> The Art Museum.</em> London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 285, no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin. \"Cole's Legacy.\" In <em>Thomas Cole's Journey: Atlantic Crossings. </em>Elizabeth Mankin Kornhauserand T. J. Barringer. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239, fig. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie' New York. <em>Post-War and Contemporary Art; Afternoon Session. May 15, 2018.<br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crosman, Christopher B. <em>John Moore: After the Rain, October 24 - December 6, 2019.</em> New York: Hirschl and Adler Modern, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Green, Tyler. <em>Emerson's Nature and the Artists: Idea As Landscape, Landscape As Idea</em>. Munich: Prestel, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Frontispiece, P. 102, fig. 43; Mentioned: P. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neely, Evan Robert. <em>Political Economy, Race, and the Image of Nature in the United States, 1825-1878. </em>New York: Routledge, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 98", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Diaz, Eva. \"Decolonizing Site: Place-scape and Land-sense.\" In <em>Widening the Lens: Photography, Ecology, and the Contemporary Landscape, </em>edited by Dan Leers, 37-48. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Museum of Art, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Barringer, Tim. \"Anglo-American Sublime.\" <em>The Magazine Antiques</em> 192, n. 6 (November/December 2025): 112-117.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114 ; Mentioned and reproduced: p. 117", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Imhof, Michael. <em>Die Malerei der Romantik: von Friedrich bis Turner.</em> Petersberg, Deutschland: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 806-809", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.233", "images": {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.233/1965.233_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "562", "filesize": "254485", "filename": "1965.233_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.233/1965.233_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2123", "filesize": "1604230", "filename": "1965.233_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.233/1965.233_full.tif", "width": "7673", "height": "4791", "filesize": "110309980", "filename": "1965.233_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.233/1965.233_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "656", "filesize": "336550"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.233/1965.233_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2478", "filesize": "2517286"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.233/1965.233_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4336", "height": "3160", "filesize": "41147088"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 141639, "creators": [{"id": 2697, "description": "Frederic Edwin Church (American, 1826\u20131900)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1826", "death_year": "1900", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-09-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1860, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1860", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:07:11.940000"}, {"id": 149410, "accession_number": "1978.63", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "In the Waves (Dans les Vagues), 1889. Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903). Oil on fabric; framed: 123.8 x 106 x 7 cm (48 3/4 x 41 3/4 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 92.5 x 72.4 cm (36 7/16 x 28 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. William Powell Jones, 1978.63", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "In the Waves (Dans les Vagues)", "creation_date": "1889", "creation_date_earliest": 1889, "creation_date_latest": 1889, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 123.8 x 106 x 7 cm (48 3/4 x 41 3/4 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 92.5 x 72.4 cm (36 7/16 x 28 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.238, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.06, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.925, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.724, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower center: P Gauguin. 89-\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1978</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441402, "title": "The Art of Paul Gauguin", "description": "<i>The Art of Paul Gauguin</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (organizer) (May 1-July 31, 1988); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (September 17-December 11, 1988); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France, Paris, France (January 9-April 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 218060, "title": "Gauguin's 'Nirvana'. Painters at Le Pouldu, 1889-1890", "description": "<i>Gauguin's 'Nirvana'. Painters at Le Pouldu, 1889-1890</i>. Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (organizer) (January 27-April 29, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-01-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220471, "title": "Gauguin and the Origins of Symbolism", "description": "<i>Gauguin and the Origins of Symbolism</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (September 28, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-09-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 195556, "title": "Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889", "description": "<i>Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 18, 2010); Van Gogh Museum, 1070 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands (February 18-June 6, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229635, "title": "Gauguin: Maker of Myth", "description": "<i>Gauguin: Maker of Myth</i>. Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 30, 2010-January 18, 2011); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (February 21-May 30, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 230536, "title": "Friction of Ideas: Gauguin, Van Gogh, Bernard", "description": "<i>Friction of Ideas: Gauguin, Van Gogh, Bernard</i>. Ordrupgaard, Charlottenlund, Copenhagen, Denmark (organizer) (February 6-June 22, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-02-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216766, "title": "Gauguin: Artist as Alchemist", "description": "<i>Gauguin: Artist as Alchemist</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (June 25-September 10, 2017); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (October 9, 2017-January 21, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-06-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Caf\u00e9 de M. Volpini. Exposition de peintures du Groupe Impressionniste et Synth\u00e9tiste (1889), no. 44, Dans les vagues.", "opening_date": "1889-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Paris, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 du Salon d'Automne au Grand Palais. (1906), no. 25, L'Ondine (Bretagne), G. Fayet collection.", "opening_date": "1906-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie L. Dru. Exposition r\u00e9trospective de P. Gauguin (1923), no. 12, 1889, La femme de la mer.", "opening_date": "1923-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Basel, Kunsthalle. Paul Gauguin 1848-1903 (1928), no. 59, Die Welle, Leicester Galleries, London.", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Berlin, Galerie Thannhauser. Paul Gauguin 1848-1903 (1928), no. 42.", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Museum of Modern Art. C\u00e9zanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Van Gogh (1929), no. 42 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Kinney and Levan Building. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition under the Auspices of the Cleveland School of Art (1936), no. 275.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein. Paul Gauguin 1848-1903 (1936), no. 11.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Art Museum. Paul Gauguin 1848-1903 (1936), no. 12.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toledo Museum of Art. C\u00e9zanne-Gauguin (1936), no. 4 (repr.), lent by Mr. and Mrs. Frank H. Ginn.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein. A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin (1946), no. 6, lent by Mr. and Mrs. W. Powell Jones; 22 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Paul Gauguin, His Place in the Meeting of East and West (1954), no. 14 (Odine [sic] or Woman in the Waves).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein. Loan Exhibition: Gauguin (1956), no. 18, 37 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palm Beach, Society of the Four Arts; Coral Gables, Lowe Gallery of the University of Miami. Paul Gauguin 1848-1903 (1956), no. 13 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago; New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Gauguin (1959), no. 18, 35 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Gauguin and the Decorative Style (1966), 46.", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, Tate Gallery. Gauguin and the Pont-Aven Group (1966), 21, no. 17 (Woman in the Waves), 22, pl. 14c.", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toronto, Art Gallery of Ontario; Amsterdam, Van Gogh Museum. Vincent van Gogh and the Birth of Cloisonism (1981), 44, 65 (repr.), 204-5.", "opening_date": "1981-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery. Gauguin and the School of Pont-Aven (1994-95), 43, add. no. 1 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1994-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "On consignment with Boussod & Valadon, Paris, FR.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Under the title given by Gauguin, Femme nue dans la vague. (see, John Rewald, 1973, 49).</div>"], "date": "1890", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Gauguin sale, Paris, FR, February 23, 1891, lot 14, to M. Jeanson)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1891", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Joseph Hessel, Paris, FR, March 1906, sold to Gustave Fayet)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1906", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Gustave Fayet [1865\u20131925], Paris, FR, February 1907, sold to Ambroise Vollard)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1906\u20131907", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Paul \u00c9luard, Paris, FR, who probably bought it at Galerie Dru in 1923)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "probably 1923", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Drouot, Paris, FR, December 12, 1927, lot 103, sold to Hessel)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Leicester Galleries, London, UK.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Purchased by Frank H. Ginn, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Powell Jones, Gates Mills, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978\u2013", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["610.68", "1110.78"], "did_you_know": "Gauguin likely painted this work of art during his time in a small coastal village called Pont-Aven where he sought to immerse himself in nature and escape modern civilization.", "description": "Painted at Pont-Aven in northwest France, this depiction of a nude figure throwing herself into the sea suggests a metaphor for a modern European woman forsaking civilization and abandoning herself to her natural, primitive instincts. The simplified lines and exaggerated colors, especially the contrasting green and orange, seem invented rather than observed from life. Exhibiting the painting at the Caf\u00e9 Volpini in Paris in 1889, Gauguin established himself as a leader of the Symbolist movement in art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473553"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.63-in-the-waves-dans-le"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Washington/Chicago/Paris. <em>The Art of Paul Gauguin (1988-89)</em>, 74, 199, no. 80 (repr.) (English ed.); no. 80 (repr.) (French ed.).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hartford, CT: Wadsworth Atheneum. <em>Gauguin's Nirvana. Painters at Le Pouldu 1889-90</em>. color repr. p. 132, cat. no. 3, fig. no. 178, p. 149.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889</em>, ex. cat. no. 43", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tate Modern, London. <em>Gauguin: Maker of Myth.</em> ex. cat. 92, p. 161.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201c\u2018Woman in the Waves\u2019 by Paul Gauguin.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 8 (October 1984): 280\u2013289.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 280\u201389.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159880"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 48, pl. III; Mentioned and reproduced: P. 108, no. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Puvis De Chavannes's \"Summer\" and the Symbolist Avant-Garde.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 1 (1991): 2-27.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13-14", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161310"}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Vuillard's <em>Under the Trees</em> from the Nabi Cycle <em>The Public Gardens</em>.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 4 (1992): 111-27.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 113", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161356"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 274-279, Vol. I, no. 100", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 293", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pinchon, Pierre. \"<em>Tahiti Mysterieux Rivage 1890-1895.\" </em>Dossier de l'art, 252 (September 2017): 28-45.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Groom, Gloria Lynn, ed. <em>Gauguin: Artist as Alchemist.</em> Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56 (detail); pp. 190-191, cat. #118; Mention: p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fe\u0301melat, Armelle. <em>Gauguin, d'art et de liberte\u0301</em>. Neuilly-sur-Seine: Michel Lafon: BeauxArts \u00c9ditions, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gue\u0301gan, Ste\u0301phane. <em>Gauguin: voyage au bout de la terre.</em> Paris: Che\u0302ne Editions, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tate Gallery. \"Exhibition Diary: Autumn Highlights.\" <em>Tate Etc. </em>41 (Autumn 2017): 14.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. <em>On Modern Beauty: Three Paintings by Manet, Gauguin, and Cezanne</em>. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 45, no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jamet, Christian. <em>Gauguin: Les Chemins de la Spiritualite\u0301. </em>Paris: Cohen&amp;Cohen, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 78-81, ill. 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Marangoni, Eleonora. <em>Viceversa: Il Mondo Visto di Spalle</em>. [Monza]: Johan &amp; Levi editore, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 73-74, fig. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cariou, A., Dorthe Vangsgaard Nielsen, Timothy Stroud, Rene\u0301 Lauritsen, and Paul Gauguin. <em>Gauguin and His Friends.</em> [Copenhagen] : Ordrupgaard,2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 83, fig. 32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boyle-Turner, Caroline. <em>Paul Gauguin: Une Renaissance a\u0300 Pont-Aven. </em>Cha\u0302teaulin: Locus Solus,2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.63", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.63/1978.63_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "900", "filesize": "277344", "filename": "1978.63_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.63/1978.63_print.jpg", "width": "2646", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3820562", "filename": "1978.63_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.63/1978.63_full.tif", "width": "11539", "height": "14827", "filesize": "513298268", "filename": "1978.63_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.63/1978.63_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "654", "filesize": "273245"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.63/1978.63_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2472", "filesize": "3680807"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.63/1978.63_alt0_full.tif", "width": "15662", "height": "11386", "filesize": "535014324"}, "date_created": "2017-05-23T13:47:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.63/1978.63_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "692", "height": "893", "filesize": "513409"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.63/1978.63_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2633", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7561382"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.63/1978.63_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4119", "height": "5318", "filesize": "65749204"}, "date_created": "2007-10-16T19:27:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. William Powell Jones", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 149410, "creators": [{"id": 1776, "description": "Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Gauguin spent the first seven years of his life with his mother and great uncle in Peru. In 1855 his mother took him back to France where he attended boarding school. He joined the merchant marine when he was seventeen and began traveling around South America. When Gauguin's mother died in 1868, Gustave Arosa, an art collector and photographer, became his legal guardian. Arosa's collection included works by Corot (q.v.), Courbet (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), and the Barbizon painters, and it was he who would encourage Gauguin to start painting. In 1872 Arosa found a job for Gauguin at a brokerage firm, giving him financial security. The following year he married a Danish woman, Mette Gad. Gauguin had already started painting and sculpting in his spare time and first exhibited at the Salon in 1876 with a landscape.1 He was asked by Pissarro (q.v.) and Degas (q.v.) to participate in the fourth impressionist exhibition in 1879, where from then on he would exhibit regularly. Durand-Ruel began purchasing his paintings, and in turn Gauguin started to collect the works of his colleagues, such as Manet (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.) and, in particular, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.) and Pissarro. He went to Pontoise in 1882, where he painted with C\u00e9zanne and Pissarro, who along with Degas continued to influence him at this period. In 1883 Gauguin decided to become a full-time artist. In 1884 he moved with his wife and children to Rouen and then to Copenhagen, but he failed to earn a comfortable living. He returned to Paris in 1886 and met ceramicist Ernest Chaplet (1835-1909), who introduced him to his m\u00e9tier. Gauguin distanced himself from impressionism and in 1888 worked in Pont-Aven with \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), who had been experimenting with creating compositions using flat areas of color and dark outlines (cloissonism). Gauguin also studied Japanese prints and Indonesian art. The impact of these influences is evident in Gauguin's Vision after the Sermon: Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1888, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh), so far removed from his earlier impressionist style. Succumbing to van Gogh's (q.v.) many requests, Gauguin agreed to travel to Arles and paint with the artist; their characters, however, proved incompatible. Theo van Gogh, who worked for Boussod Valadon &amp; Cie, would in the meantime sell Gauguin's work. For the next two years, Gauguin traveled often around Brittany. In search of a more pure and unspoiled culture, he auctioned off his paintings in 1891 in order to finance a journey to Tahiti. Upon his arrival, he was disappointed to find many expatriates and developed areas, yet he was still able to capture in his works an uncultivated spirit. He not only made paintings but also created bold woodcuts and sculptures and was an avid writer. Gauguin returned to France in 1893, where he was given a solo exhibition by Durand-Ruel that was not particularly successful. He decided to leave Europe again in 1895, moving to Tahiti and later to Hivaoa, a more remote island in the Marquesas. Because he abandoned naturalistic colors and used formal distortions in order to achieve expressive compositions, Gauguin's work became an inspiration for many subsequent artists. 1. Possibly Wildenstein 1964, no. 12.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1848", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-11-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1889, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1889", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:41:36.882000"}, {"id": 149112, "accession_number": "1977.43", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Church Street El, 1920. Charles Sheeler (American, 1883\u20131965). Oil on canvas; framed: 60 x 67.5 x 6 cm (23 5/8 x 26 9/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 41 x 48.5 cm (16 1/8 x 19 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1977.43", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "Church Street El", "creation_date": "1920", "creation_date_earliest": 1920, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 60 x 67.5 x 6 cm (23 5/8 x 26 9/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 41 x 48.5 cm (16 1/8 x 19 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.6, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.675, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.41, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.485, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"Sheeler 1920\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302666, "title": "Year in Review: 1977", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1977</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442371, "title": "American Realism, 1920 - 1940", "description": "<i>American Realism, 1920 - 1940</i>. Academy of Fine Arts, Berlin, Berlin 1000, Germany (organizer) (November 9-December 28, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310243, "title": "The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art", "description": "<i>The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 24-April 9, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 205796, "title": "Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection", "description": "<i>Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art (organizer) (March 7-May 16, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 226121, "title": "Der k\u00fchle Blick", "description": "<i>Der k\u00fchle Blick</i>. Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, Munich, Germany (organizer) (June 1-September 2, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177240, "title": "Charles Sheeler: Mediums and Messages", "description": "<i>Charles Sheeler: Mediums and Messages</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (May 7-September 4, 2006); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (October 15, 2006-January 7, 2007); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (February 10-May 6, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-05-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 176614, "title": "Youth and Beauty: Art of the American Twenties", "description": "<i>Youth and Beauty: Art of the American Twenties</i>. The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (organizer) (October 28, 2011-January 22, 2012); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (February 24-May 27, 2012); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 1-September 16, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 292179, "title": "The Cult of the Machine: Precision in American Art", "description": "<i>The Cult of the Machine: Precision in American Art</i>. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (March 24-August 12, 2018); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (September 16, 2018-January 6, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-03-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, Whitney Studio Galleries, Exhibition of Selected Works by Charles Sheeler (1 March-31 March 1924).", "opening_date": "1924-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art (24 January-9 April 1989)", "opening_date": "1989-01-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection, (7 March-16 May 1999), plate 78, p. 122, also included two footnotes concerning Sheeler and his relationship to Horter (p. 61), and pp. 173, 180-181, 184.", "opening_date": "1999-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, The American Century: Art &amp; Culture 1900-1950 (23 April-22 August 1999), cat. no. 273, illus. p. 148.", "opening_date": "1999-04-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Munich, Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, Der k\u00fchle Blick: Realismus der Zwanzigerjahre in Europa und Amerika (1 June-2 September 2001), illus. p. 311.", "opening_date": "2001-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "National Gallery of Art (5/7/2006-9/4/2006), Art Institute of Chicago (10/15/2006-1/7/2007), Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, MH de Young Museum (2/10/2007-5/6/2007): \"Charles Sheeler: Mediums and Messages\"", "opening_date": "2006-05-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brooklyn Museum of Art (10/28/2011 - 1/22/2012), Dallas Museum of Art (2/24/2012 - 5/27/2012), and Cleveland Museum of Art (7/1/2012 - 9/16/2012): \"Youth and Beauty: Art of the American Twenties\", Fig. 105, p. 143.", "opening_date": "2011-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Collection of Earl Horter.</em> Pennsylvania Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (February 17-1-March 13, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-03-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Modern Paintings from the Collection of Mr. Earl Horter of Philadelphia</em>. The Arts Club of Chicago, Chicago, IL (April 3 - April 26, 1934); no. 57", "opening_date": "1934-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Charles Sheeler: Paintings, Drawings, Photographs</em>. Museum of Modern Art. New York, NY (1939), no. 11, listed p. 46.", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Charles Sheeler.</em> National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (October 10-November 24 ,1968); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (January 10-February 16, 1969); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (March 11-April 27,1969); no. 24, illus. p. 39,", "opening_date": "1969-01-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "mentioned briefly in essays by both Martin Friedman (\"The Art of Charles Sheeler: Americana in a Vacuum\") p. 40, and Bartlett Hayes (\"Reminiscence\") p. 70.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Berlin, Academy of Fine Arts, America: Traum und Depression 1920-1940, (1980), pp. 109-137, illus. p. 89, pl. 8, cat. no. 292.", "opening_date": "1980-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Images of America: Precisionist Painting and Modern Photography, (9 September-7 November 1982); traveled to Saint Louis, The Saint Louis Art Museum (6 December 1982-30 January 1983); Baltimore, The Baltimore Museum of Art (28 February-25 April 1983); Des Moines, Des Moines Art Center (23 May-17 July 1983); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (15 August-9 October 1983), no. 92, plate 18 (also reproduced on cover),", "opening_date": "1982-09-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "included essay by Karen Tsujimoto entitled \"Charles Sheeler: Precisionist Painter and Modern Photographer,\" (pp. 73-85, 172-173) which discusses the CMA painting.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Charles Sheeler: Paintings and Drawings, (13 October 1987- 3 January 1988); traveled to New York, Whitney Museum of American Art (28 January-17 April 1988); Dallas, Dallas Museum of Art (15 May-10 July 1988), no. 16, p. 80,", "opening_date": "1988-01-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "also included parts from essay by Carol Troyen and Erica E. Hirshler, \"From the Eyes Inward: Paintings and Drawings by Charles Sheeler,\" (pp. 9-11, 36-37), which point out the fact that the CMA painting was derived from Manhatta.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1977-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Robert Schoelkopf Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1977", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Harold Diamond, New York, NY) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 According to Andy Schoelkopf, Harold Diamond acquired the painting from Mrs. Horter, but because Diamond had little experience in selling Sheeler's works, he consigned the painting to Robert Schoelkopf to sell.&nbsp; Diamond most likely never&nbsp; owned the painting. Schoelkopf sold the painting rather quickly after a visit from Sherman Lee, who happened to see the painting soon after it was received from Diamond.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Elizabeth Lentz Horter [1900-1985], South Langhorne, PA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Probably 1940-at least 1969", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Earl Horter [1880-1940], Philadelphia, PA 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Horter's ownership of this painting by 1934 is confirmed by an exhibition of his collection at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in that year.</div>"], "date": "By 1930-probably 1940", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sheeler and his good friend, the poet William Carlos Williams, patronized speakeasies together during Prohibition.", "description": "Capturing the soaring heights of New York City, this painting is a dramatic bird's-eye view of Broadway and Wall Street, showing a conglomeration of buildings at left and center, and the Church Street elevated train at right. Sheeler based his composition on an image from the short movie <em>Manhatta</em> (1920-21), which he made with the photographer Paul Strand. One of the first avant-garde American films, <em>Manhatta</em> celebrates the dynamic metropolis through a series of carefully composed shots of Lower Manhattan. As typical with Sheeler's work, the artist simplified forms and eliminated textures in <em>Church Street El</em> to concentrate on rhythmic interplay of shapes and color, and patterns of light and shadow.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473381"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.43-church-street-el"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Robert Schoelkopf Gallery, expect notice, April 27, 1977, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Andy Schoelkopf, telephone conversation with Victoria Sears Goldman, April 16, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Shoemaker, Innis H., Christa Clarke, and William S. Wierzbowski. <em>Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection</em>. 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH, London: Cleveland Museum of Art ; in association with Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 304; reproduced p. 305.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Miller, Angela L., Janet Catherine Berlo, Bryan Jay Wolf, Jennifer L. Roberts, Margaretta M. Lovell, David M. Lubin. <em>American Encounters : Art, History, and Cultural Identity. </em>St. Louis, Missouri: Washington University Libraries, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 456; reproduced, p. 457.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Above the Turmoil of New York, a Painting by Charles Sheeler-Photograph.\" <em>Vanity Fair</em> 16, no. 2 (April 1921).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Manhattan: The Proud and Passionate City- Photographs.\" <em>Vanity Fair</em> 18, no. 2 (April 1922).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, Forbes. \"Charles Sheeler.\" <em>The Arts</em> 3, no. 5 (May 1923).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 344", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rourke, Constance. <em>Charles Sheeler: Artist in the American Tradition</em>. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89, 91, 94, 96, 106, 147, 180, 187; Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Devree, Howard. \"Exhibition Reviews: Sheeler Complete.\" <em>Magazine of Art </em>32, no. 11 (November 1939).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 644-645; Reproduced: p. 645", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Milton W. \"Cubist-Realism: An American Style.\" <em>Marsyas </em>3 (1943-1945).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150; Reproduced: no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seeley, Carol. \"On the Nature of Abstract Painting in America.\" <em>Magazine of Art</em> 43, no. 5 (May 1950).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayes, Jr., Bartlett H. \"An Appreciation.\" In <em>Charles Sheeler: A Retrospective Exhibition. </em>Los Angeles: The Galleries, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wight, Frederick S. \"Charles Sheeler.\" In <em>Charles Sheeler: A Retrospective Exhibition. </em>Los Angeles: The Galleries, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25, 27, 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wight, Frederick S. \"Charles Sheeler.\" <em>Art in America</em> 42, no. 3 (October 1954).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Milton. <em>American Painting From the Armory Show to the Depression. </em>Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118; Reproduced: p. 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chanin, A.L. \"Sheeler: Purist Brush and Camera Eye.\" <em>ARTnews </em>54, no. 4 (June 1955).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71-72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wight, Frederick S. \"Charles Sheeler.\" In <em>New Art in America: Fifty Painters of the 20th Century,</em> edited by John I. H. Baur. New York: A. Praeger Publishers, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cohen, George Michael. \"Charles Sheeler.\" <em>American Artist </em>23, no. 1 (January 1959).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34 ; Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Craven, George M. \"Sheeler at Seventy-Five.\"<em> College Art Journal </em>18, no. 2 (Winter 1959).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137; Mentioned: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larkin, Oliver W. <em>Art and Life in America.</em> New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 389; Reproduced: p. 387", "url": null}, {"citation": "Raoul, Rosine. \"Letter From New York: The Armory Show and its Decade.\" <em>Apollo</em> (April 1963).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 335; Reproduced: p. 334, no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baur, John I. H. <em>Revolution and Tradition in Modern American Art. </em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "The National Collection of Fine Arts. <em>Charles Sheeler</em>. Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, 155; Reproduced: p. 39, no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Friedman, Martin. \"The Art of Charles Sheeler: Americana in a Vacuum.\" In <em>Charles Sheeler. </em>Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayes, Bartlett. \"Reminiscence.\" In <em>Charles Sheeler.</em> Washington, D.C.: The Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davidson, Abraham A. \"Charles Sheeler: Paintings and Photographs at the Whitney.\" <em>Arts Magazine </em>43, no. 5 (March 1969).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaffe, Irma B. \"The Forming of the Avant-Garde, 1900-30. \" In <em>The Genius of American Painting</em>, edited by John Wilmerding. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 238,  Reproduced: p. 239", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davidson, Abraham A. <em>The Story of American Painting</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132, no. 119; Mentioned: p. 132, 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Friedman, Martin. <em>Charles Sheeler</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36; Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heller, Nancy, and Julia Williams. \"Charles Sheeler: American Industry as Landscape.\" <em>American Artist</em> 40, no. 402 (January 1976).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Driscoll, John Paul. \"Books in Review: Martin Friedman, Charles Sheeler.\" <em>Art Journal</em> 36, no. 1 (Fall 1976).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnason, H.H. <em>History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 428; Reproduced: p. 428, no. 689", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>65, no. 1 (January 1978).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Midwest Art History Society Newsletter, </em>October, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schulz, Bernhard. \"Made in America: Tecnik und Dingwelt in Prazisionismus.\" In <em>Amerika Traum und Depression 1920/40</em>. Berlin: Die Gesellschaft, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89; Mentioned: p. 116, 534", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fillen-Yeh, Susan. \"Charles Sheeler: Industry, Fashion, and the Vanguard.\" <em>Arts Magazine</em> 54, no. 6 (February 1980).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157, no. 13; Mentioned: p. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fillin-Yeh, Susan. \"Charles Sheeler and the Machine Age.\" PhD diss., The City University of New York, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. xiv, 152 note 58, 153, 206, 210-211, 249 note 18; Reproduced: p. 332, no. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stewart, Patrick Leonard. \"Charles Sheeler, William Carlos Williams, and the Development of the Precisionist Aesthetic, 1917-1931.\" PhD diss., University of Delaware, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33; Reproduced: p. 190, no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tsujimoto, Karen. <em>Images of Precisionist Painting: America and Modern Photography</em>. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74, 79, 80; Reproduced: no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Menton, Seymour. <em>Magic Realism Rediscovered, 1918-1981</em>. Philadelphia: Art Alliance Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 78-79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Albright, Thomas. \"Precisionism's Ambivalent Modernism.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 82, no. 1 (January 1983).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 88; Reproduced: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ricciotti, Dominic. \"The Revolution in Urban Transport: Max Weber and Italian Futurism.\" <em>The American Art Journal</em> 16 (Winter 1984).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61; Reproduced: 61, no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Haskell, Barbara. <em>Ralston Crawford</em>. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14; Reproduced: p. 15, no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maroney, Jr., James H. <em>The Elite and Popular Appeal of the Art of Charles Sheeler. </em>New York: James Maroney, Inc., 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, Richard Guy, Dianne H. Pilgrim, and Dickran Tashjian. <em>The Machine Age in America 1918-1941</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 219; Reproduced: p. 219", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wheat, Ellen Harkins. <em>Jacob Lawrence: American Painter.</em> Seattle: Seattle Art Museum, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45, no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schleier, Merrill. <em>The Skyscraper in American Art, 1890-1931. </em>New York: Da Capo Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tichi, Cecelia. <em>Shifting Gears: Technology, Literature, Culture in Modernist America.</em> Charlotte: The University of North Carolina Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stern, Robert A.M., Gregory Gilmart, and Thomas Messins. <em>New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars</em>. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baker, John. <em>Henry Lee McFee and Formalist Realism in American Still Life 1923-1936</em>. Cranbury: Associated University Presses, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99; Reproduced: p. 99, no. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hammer, Martin. \"Exhibition Reviews: New York, Whitney Museum, Charles Sheeler.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 130, no. 1019 (Feb 1988).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 164; Reproduced: p. 164, no. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lubowsky, Susan. <em>George Ault.</em> New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14; Reproduced: p. 14, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ricciotti, Dominic. \"City Railways/Modernist Visions.\" In <em>The Railroad in American Art: Representations of Technological Change</em>. Japan: Toppan Printing Company, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139-140, 143; Reproduced: p. 139, no. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fillin- Yeh, Susan. \"Charles Sheeler's Rolling Power.\" In <em>The Railroad in American Art: Representations of Technological Change</em>, edited by Susan Danly and Leo Marx. Japan: Toppan Printing Company, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henry, Steven P. \"Exhibition: Charles Sheeler: Prints, Drawings, Photographs.\" <em>Dallas Museum of Art Bulletin</em> (Spring/Summer 1988).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17; Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynton, Norbert. <em>The Story of Modern Art</em>. Oxford: Phaidon, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162-163; Reproduced: p. 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward. <em>Art Deco Painting</em>. Oxford: Phaidon, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21, no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991"}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. <em>Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38; Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucic, Karen. <em>Charles Sheeler and the Cult of the Machine</em>. London: Reaktion Books, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59-71; Reproduced: no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harnsberger, R. Scott, and David L. Henderson. <em>Ten Precisionist Artists: Annotated Bibliographies.</em> Westport: Greenwood Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 250, note 1080", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European and American Painting in The Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue,</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmied, Wieland. \"Precisionsit View and American Scene: The 1920s.\" In <em>American Art in the 20th Century: Painting and Sculpture 1913-1993</em>, edited by Christos M. Joachimides and Norman Rosenthal. New York: Prestel, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 471; Reproduced: p. 55, no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benke, Britta. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe 1887-1986: Blumen in der W\u00fcste</em> K\u00f6ln: Benedikt Taschen Verlag, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52; Reproduced: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stavitsky, Gail. \"Reordering Reality: Precisionist Directions in American Art, 1915-1941.\" In <em>Precisionism in America 1915-1941: Reordering Reality. </em>New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33, 35; Reproduced: p. 17, no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Handy, Ellen. \"The Idea and the Fact: Painting, Photography, Film, Precisionists, and the Real World.\" In <em>Precisionism in America 1915-1941: Reordering Reality. </em>New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. <em>A World History of Art. </em>4th ed. London: Laurence King Publishing, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 751; Reproduced: p. 752", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. Foreward to <em>Catalogue of Photography,</em> Tom E. Hinson. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. XI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hughes, Robert. <em>American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America. </em>New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 383; Reproduced: p. 384, no. 228", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnason, H.H., and Marla F. Prather. <em>History of Modern Art.</em> New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 419; Reproduced: p. 411, no. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shoemaker, Innis Howe, Christa Clarke, and William Wierzbowski. <em>Mad for Modernism: Earl Horter and His Collection</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36, 173, 184; Reproduced: p. 122, no. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Haskell, Barbara. <em>The American Century: Art &amp; Culture 1900-1950</em>. New York: Whitney Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. <em>Modern Art 1851-1929: Capitalism and Representation. </em>Oxford: Oxford Unviersity Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58, 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baldacci, Paolo, Jean Clair, Hajo Duchting, Claudia Gian Ferrari, Magdalena Holzhey, Christiane Lange, Gerd Roos, and Wieland Schmied. <em>Der kuhle Blick: Realismus der zwanziger Jahre</em>. New York: Prestel, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 310; Reproduced: p. 311", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. <em>A World History of Art. </em>6th ed<em>. </em>London: Laurence King Publishing, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 815", "url": null}, {"citation": "Haas, Karen E. \"Charles Sheeler and Film.\" <em>Magazine Antiques. </em>Nov 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122-129; Reproduced: p. 126, pl XI.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cameron, Dan.<em> Living Inside the Grid.</em> New York: New Museum of Contemporary Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fontbona, Francesc. <em>El Modernisme. </em>Barcelona: Edicions l'isard, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Solans, Piedad. \"Cosmolgias de la Ciudad.\" In La Ciudad Collage: La Coleccion del IVAM<em>, </em>edited by Institut Valencia d'Art Modern. Valencia: IVAM, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41, no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Charles, Brock. <em>Charles Sheeler: Across Media.</em> Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 31, 48, 50-52, 116; Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weber, Bruce. <em>Paintings of New York, 1800-1850</em>. San Francisco: Pomegranate, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. <em>A World History of Art. </em>7th ed<em>. </em>London: Laurence King Publishing, Ltd., 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 805, fig. 20.11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brock, Charles. \"Charles Sheeler: Across Media.\" <em>American Art Review</em> 18, no. 3 (May-June 2006).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry.<em> What's American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12, 129; Reproduced: p. 12, 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Angela L., Janet C. Berlo, Bryan J. Wolf, and Jennifer L. Roberts. <em>American Encounters: Art, History and Cultural Identity. </em>Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Inc, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14.7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnason, H.H. <em>History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. </em>6th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 376-377; Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carbone, Theresa A., ed. <em>Youth and Beauty: Art of the American Twenties. </em>New York: Skira Rizzolli Publications in association with the Brooklyn Museum, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 141-142  Reproduced: p. 143, no. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art; London: Scala Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 304; Reproduced: p. 305", "url": null}, {"citation": "Troyen, Carol, and Jorge Santis. \"Red-Hot American Painters: The Ashcan School.\" In <em>Return to the Ashcan</em>. Fort Lauderdale: Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26, no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Youth and Beauty.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 4-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Jensen, Kirsten M. \"Painting Manhatta: Modernism, Urban Planning, and New York, 1920-1940.\" In<em> Industrial Sublime: Modernism and the Transformation of New York's Rivers, 1900-1940.</em> Yonkers: Hudson River Museum in association with Empire State Editions, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74, fig. 32.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bering, Kunibert, and Rolf Niehoff. <em>Bildkompetenz: eine kunstdidaktische Perspektive</em>. Oberhausen, Germany: Athena, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnason, H. H. and Elizabeth Mansfield. <em>History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. </em>Boston: Pearson, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: pp.352-353", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 56", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hiller, Susan. \"O'Keeffe as I see her, 1993.\" In <em>Georgia O'Keeffe</em>, edited by Tanya Barson. London: Tate Publishing, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maroney, Jr., James H. <em>Fresh Perspectives on Grant Wood, Charles Sheeler, and George Durrie. </em>Leicester, VT: Gala Books, Ltd, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 151-154, 170 ; Reproduced: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maroney, James H. <em>Fresh Perspectives on Grant Wood, Charles Sheeler, and George H. Durrie</em>. Leicester, VT: Gala Books, Ltd., 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Troyen, Carol. \"To Truly Represent Our Age.\" In<em> The Immaculates: Paintings, Photographs and Prints, </em>Menconi &amp; Schoelkopf Fine Art, 6-19. New York, NY: Menconi + Schoelkopf, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 8-9, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cRecommendations from Our Curators.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): 31.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 31.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.43", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_web.jpg", "width": "1069", "height": "893", "filesize": "602527", "filename": "1977.43_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2841", "filesize": "5386734", "filename": "1977.43_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_full.tif", "width": "4446", "height": "3715", "filesize": "49578716", "filename": "1977.43_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "780", "filesize": "226350"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2946", "filesize": "1564031"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3921", "height": "3397", "filesize": "40001524"}, "date_created": "2009-08-18T13:23:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1031", "height": "893", "filesize": "466627"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2946", "filesize": "4871552"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.43/1977.43_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3921", "height": "3397", "filesize": "40001524"}, "date_created": "2009-08-18T13:23:05", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. Robert B. Benyo Trust Gallery", "athena_id": 149112, "creators": [{"id": 889, "description": "Charles Sheeler (American, 1883\u20131965)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles Sheeler American, 1883-1965\r\n\r\nPhiladelphia-born Charles Sheeler was a well-known precisionist painter and photographer. After studying at the School of Industrial Art in Philadelphia (1900-3), he spent the next three years as a student of painter William Merritt Chase at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Around 1910 he took up photography as a way to support himself.\r\n\tSheeler began as an architectural photographer, documenting buildings for Philadelphia architects, but was soon taking pictures of paintings and other works of art. He continued to paint (in 1913 a group of his works were exhibited in the famous Armory Show in New York) and to photograph, often using his photographs as the basis for paintings. In 1917 his photographs were included in a three-person show along with Paul Strand and Morton Schamberg at Marius de Zayas's Modern Gallery in New York.\r\n\tTwo years later Sheeler moved to New York and in 1920 collaborated with Paul Strand on the avant-garde film Manhatta (originally titled New York the Magnificent). In 1923 he began working as a staff photographer for Cond\u00e9 Nast publications. Four years later he received his most important commercial commission when Ford Motor Company hired him to photograph its River Rouge plant. A powerful series of images celebrating American industry resulted and were widely published. They also served as an inspiration for a number of his paintings.\r\n\tIn 1939 a small group of Sheeler's photographs were included in a retrospective of his work organized by the Museum of Modern Art, New York. Over the next decade he worked as staff photographer for the Metropolitan Museum of Art and focused primarily on painting in his own work, especially during the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1959, after suffering a stroke, Sheeler stopped painting and photographing; he died six years later from a second stroke. M.M.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1883", "death_year": "1965", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1920, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1920", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:39:59.780000"}, {"id": 124245, "accession_number": "1945.24", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "La Vie, 1903. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil on canvas; framed: 239 x 170 x 10 cm (94 1/8 x 66 15/16 x 3 15/16 in.); unframed: 196.5 x 129.2 cm (77 3/8 x 50 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1945.24. \u00a9 Estate of Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "La Vie", "creation_date": "1903", "creation_date_earliest": 1903, "creation_date_latest": 1903, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 239 x 170 x 10 cm (94 1/8 x 66 15/16 x 3 15/16 in.); Unframed: 196.5 x 129.2 cm (77 3/8 x 50 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.39, "height_inch": 94, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.7, "width_inch": 66, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.1, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.965, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.292, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper left: \"Picasso\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518205, "title": "Picasso", "description": "<i>Picasso</i>. Tate Britain, London (July 5-September 18, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515796, "title": "Picasso and the Theatre", "description": "<i>Picasso and the Theatre</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Augustins, Toulouse, France (organizer) (June 22-September 15, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 516237, "title": "Hommage a Pablo Picasso, Peintures", "description": "<i>Hommage a Pablo Picasso, Peintures</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (November 20, 1966-February 12, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442780, "title": "Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (May 22-September 16, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442184, "title": "Pablo Picasso", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso</i>. The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 2-May 29, 1983); Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, Kyoto, Japan (co-organizer) (June 10-July 24, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442154, "title": "Pablo Picasso: Fruhwerk und Blaue Periode (Pablo Picasso: Early Work and the Blue Period)", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso: Fruhwerk und Blaue Periode (Pablo Picasso: Early Work and the Blue Period)</i>. Kunstmuseum Bern, Bern, Switzerland (organizer) (December 6, 1984-February 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-12-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 177096, "title": "Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906", "description": "<i>Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (March 30-July 27, 1997); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (September 10, 1997-January 4, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-03-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218074, "title": "Picasso: The Artist's Studio", "description": "<i>Picasso: The Artist's Studio</i>. Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (organizer) (June 7-September 23, 2001); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 28, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-06-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220287, "title": "Picasso: Tradici\u00f3n y Vanguardia", "description": "<i>Picasso: Tradici\u00f3n y Vanguardia</i>. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (June 5-September 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206339, "title": "Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)", "description": "<i>Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15, 2006-January 7, 2007); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (co-organizer) (March 4-June 3, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200271, "title": "Picasso and the Mysteries of Life: La Vie", "description": "<i>Picasso and the Mysteries of Life: La Vie</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-April 21, 2013); Museu Picasso, Barcelona, Spain (October 10, 2013-January 19, 2014).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 218167, "title": "Lend-Back:  Painting the Modern Garden", "description": "<i>Lend-Back:  Painting the Modern Garden</i>. Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (organizer) (September 11-December 7, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-09-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 291274, "title": "Picasso: Blue and Rose", "description": "<i>Picasso: Blue and Rose</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (organizer) (September 18, 2018-January 6, 2019); Fondation Beyeler, CH-4125 Riehen/Basel, Switzerland (February 3-June 16, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 317581, "title": "Picasso and Paper", "description": "<i>Picasso and Paper</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 25-August 2, 2020) https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibition/picasso-and-paper; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (December 8, 2024-March 23, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-12-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Art of the Third Republic: French Painting 1870-1940, </em>Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (February 22 - March 16, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-02-22T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Picasso: Forty Years of His Art, </em>Museum of Modern Art, New York. (November 15, 1939 - January 7, 1940).", "opening_date": "1939-11-15T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Picasso, </em>Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich (September 11-October 30, 1932).", "opening_date": "1932-09-11T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Picasso</em>, Galeries Georges Petit, Paris (June 16-July 30, 1932).", "opening_date": "1932-06-16T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Thirty Years of Pablo Picasso, </em>Reid and Lef\u00e8vre Gallery (June 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-06-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Erste Sonderausstellung in Berlin, </em>Galerien Thannhauser (January 9- mid-February 1927).", "opening_date": "1927-01-09T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sebasti\u00e0 Junyent [1865-1908], Barcelona, Spain (acquired from Picasso along with The Old Jews in 1904 for 500 pesetas)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1904", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Ambroise Vollard, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Justin K. Thannhauser [1892-1976], Munich/Berlin/Lucerne, acquired by 1926)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Reid & Lefevre, London, United Kingdom, by 1931, shared with Thannhauser)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Etienne Bignou, Paris,France, by 1932, shared with Thannhauser and Reid & Lefevre)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1932", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI, 1937", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Theodore Schempp [1904-1988], New York, NY,1944)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann and Company, New York, NY,1944)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-1945", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann and Company, New York, NY, 1945 sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1945", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1945-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Picasso began drawing as a child and studying at an art school at age eleven. He later remarked that \"art is a lie that makes us realize the truth.\"", "description": "The subject of this painting has been interpreted variously as a realistic portrayal of a working-class couple facing the challenges of poverty and as a symbolic representation of the cycle of life, with the infant representing childhood, the couple representing youth, and the draped woman representing age. In 1901, depressed by the suicide of his friend, the poet and painter Carles Casagemas, Pablo Picasso began the melancholic paintings of his Blue Period (1901\u20134). Twenty-one years old and struggling to support himself, he restricted his palette to cool colors suggestive of night, mystery, dreams, and death. His interest in themes of suffering and social alienation culminated in this painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1799228"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Pablo Ruiz Picasso.\" <em>El Liberal </em>(June 4, 1903): 2.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sch\u00fcrer, Oskar. \"Picassos Klassizismus,\" in <em>Die Kunst f\u00fcr Alle</em>, 27 (Munich, April 1926).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Arts</em>, 9. no. 2 (February 1927)", "page_number": "Reproduced frontispiece, p. 60 in bound edition.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Erste Sonderausstellung in Berlin</em>. Berlin: Galerien Thannhauser, 1927.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117, cat. 175", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zervos, Christian. \"Picasso: Oeuvres in\u00e9dites anciennes.\" <em>Cahiers d'art</em>, 3 (1928).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gaunt, William. \"Picasso and the Cul-de-sac of Modern Painting.\" <em>Atelier </em>1, no. 3 (June 1931): 410-416.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 411", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lefevre Gallery. <em>Thirty Years of Pablo Picasso : June 1931</em>. London: Alex. Reid &amp; Lefevre Ltd., 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Earp, T.W. \"The Picasso Exhibition.\" <em>Apollo </em>14, no. 79 (July 1931): 40-42.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 40.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition Picasso</em>. Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1932.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  no. 17.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zervos, Christian. <em>Pablo Picasso, Vol. 1: Oeuvres de 1895 \u00e0 1906</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions Cahiers d'art, 1, 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 179; Reproduced: plate 83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "George, Waldemar. \"The Picasso Exhibition.\" <em>Formes </em>25 (May 1932): 268-271.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Modern Recognition.\" <em>The Art News </em>30, no. 39 (August 13, 1932): 8.", "page_number": "Reproduced: on cover.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Pablo Picasso : Kleiner Katalog : 11. September Bis 30. Oktober 1932, Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich.</em> Zu\u0308rich: Kunsthaus, 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.2. no. 18 (as Das Leben)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Art Throughout America: Providence: A Newly Acquired Picasso of the Blue Period.\" <em>The Art News </em>36, no. 11 (December 11, 1937): 16.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"When Picasso was Blue.\" <em>The Art Digest </em>12, no. 6 (December 15, 1937): 5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Daly, D. \"La Vie, Picasso.\" <em>Bulletin of the Rhode Island School of Design </em>26, no. 1 (January 1938): 2-3.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2-3; Reproduced: on cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Barr, Alfred H., Jr., Picasso: <em>Forty Years of His Art</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 19.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Worcester Art Museum. <em>The Art of the Third Republic; French Painting 1870-1940.</em> [Worcester, Mass.]: [Printed by the Davis Press], 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Slatkin, Charles E. <em>The Enjoyment of Art in America: A Survey of the Permanent Collections of Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics, and Decorative Arts in American and Canadian Museums. </em>Philadelphia and New York: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1942.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [6]", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n14"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Picasso's 'La Vie.'\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>32, no. 6 (June 1945): 88, 93-94.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82; Mentioned: p. 88, 93-94", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141213"}, {"citation": "Barr, Alfred H., Jr.,<em> Picasso:</em> <em>Fifty</em> <em>Years of His Art</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 26-27", "url": null}, {"citation": "M. Knoedler &amp; Co. <em>Picasso Before 1907: Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of The Public Education Association. </em>New York: Knoedler Galleries, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Picasso \"L'atelier:\" Paintings of 1956</em>. Lucerne: Galerie Rosengart, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91, no. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. no. 521", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n96"}, {"citation": "<em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 68", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Blunt, Anthony, and Phoebe Pool. <em>Picasso, the Formative Years; a Study of His Sources.</em> [Greenwich]: New York Graphic Society, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20-21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milhau, Denis. <em>Picasso et Le the\u0301a\u0302tre.</em> Toulouse: Muse\u0301e des Augustins, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41-42, cat. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n220"}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre, Georges Boudaille, and Joan Rosselet. <em>Picasso, 1900-1906: Catalogue raisonn\u00e9 de l'oeuvre peint</em>. Neuchatel: Ides et Calends, 1966-88.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 58-60, 64, and 222; Reproduced: p. 222-223, IX.13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys and Paolo Lecaldano. <em>The Complete Painting of Picasso: Blue and Rose Periods</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 94, cat. 89, plate XIII", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n219"}, {"citation": "Hennig, Edward B. \"Pablo Picasso: Fan, Salt Box, and Melon.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>56, no. 8 (October 1969): 273-286.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 276, fig. 6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152288"}, {"citation": "Penrose, Roland, John Golding, and Daniel Henry Kahnweiler. <em>Picasso, 1881-1973</em>. London: Elek, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Reff, Theodore. \"Love and Death in Picasso's Early Work.\" <em>Artforum </em>11, no. 9 (May 1973): 64-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 66, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n261"}, {"citation": "McCully, Marilyn and Robert McVaugh. \"New Light on Picasso's <em>La Vie.</em>\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>65 (February 1978): 67-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67-71; Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159566"}, {"citation": "Palau i Fabre, Josep. <em>Picasso, the Early Years, 1881-1907</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 339-341, and 541; Reproduce, p. 341, no. 882", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gedo, Mary Mathews. \"The Archaeology of a Painting: A Visit to the City of the Dead Beneath Picasso's <em>La Vie.</em>\" <em>Arts </em>56, no. 3 (November 1981): 116-129.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 116, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kitaj, R. B., and Timothy Hyman. \"A Return to London.\" <em>Kitaj Paintings, Drawings, Pastels.</em> John Ashebury, Joe Shannon, Jane Livingston, 41. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCully, Marilyn and Ju\u0308rgen Glaesemer. <em>Der Junge Picasso: Fr\u00fchwerk Und Blaue Periode.</em> Bern: Kunstmuseum, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.166-176 and p. 283-293; Reproduce: p. 169, p. 283 and p. 293, kat. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spies, Werner. <em>Kontinent Picasso: Ausgewa\u0308hlte Aufsa\u0308tze aus zwei Jahrzehnten.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Prestel, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 105-106, abb. 105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Puvis De Chavannes's <em>Summer</em> and the Symbolist Avant-Garde.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 1 (1991): 2-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161310"}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Brigitte Le\u0301al, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. <em>Picasso and Things: The Still Lifes of Picasso</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 344", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre. <em>Picasso: Life and Art</em>. New York: Icon Editions, 1993.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gedo, Mary Mathews. <em>Looking at Art from the Inside Out : The Psychoiconographic Approach to Modern Art.</em> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Discussed: p. 87-118; Reproduced, p. 89, fig. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre. <em>Dictionnaire Picasso</em>. Paris: R. Laffont, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 628-629, pl. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Asahi Shinbunsha. <em>Pikaso: 20-seiki no kyosho\u0304o</em>. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chipp, Herschel, Alan Wofsy, and Fernand Mourlot. <em>Picasso's paintings, watercolors, drawings and sculpture: a comprehensive illustrated catalogue, 1885-1973</em>. San Francisco: Alan Wofsy Fine Arts, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, fig. 1903-071", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCully, Marilyn and Natasha Staller. <em>Picasso: the Early Years, 1892-1906</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6, 190", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukaya, Katsunori. <em>Pikaso ten: kaikan 10-shu\u0304nen kinen </em>(Pablo Picasso: 10th anniversary). Japan: Chu\u0304nichi Shinbunsha, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spieler, Reinhard and Hans Belting. <em>Max Beckmann: Bildwelt und Weltbild in den Triptychen</em>. Cologne: DuMont, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93, no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnason, H. Harvard and Marla Prather. <em>History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165, pl. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Warncke, Carsten-Peter, Ingo F. Walther, and Michael Hulse. <em>Pablo Picasso: 1881-1973</em>. Cologne: Taschen, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "M\u00f8rstad, Erik. \"Jung og Picasso - Henderson og Pollock: Jungianismen som billedanalytisk verkt\u00f8y.\" <em>Kunst og Kultur </em>81, no. 1 (1998): 18-59.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30; Reproduced, p. 36, ill. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kosinski, Dorothy M. <em>The Artist and the Camera: Degas to Picasso</em>. Dallas: Dallas Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 300, fig. 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, John, and Marilyn McCully. <em>A Life of Picasso</em>. New York: Random House, 1991.", "page_number": "I:269-279.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hunter, Sam, John M. Jacobus, and Daniel Wheeler. <em>Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 2000", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134, no. 222", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Picasso: Museo Nacional de Colombia: mayo 13-agosto 11, Bogota\u0301, 2000</em>. Bogota\u0301, Colombia: Museo Nacional de Colombia, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le\u0301al, Brigitte, Christine Piot, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. <em>The Ultimate Picasso</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69, no. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cox, Neil. <em>Cubism</em>. London: Phaidon, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34-35, reproduced: fig. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Solender, Katherine, \"From Peacocks to Picasso\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 40 no. 09, November 2000", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2000-09/page/8"}, {"citation": "FitzGerald, Michael C., and William H. Robinson. <em>Picasso: The Artist's Studio</em>. Hartford: Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art and Yale University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 98-99; p. 19, 22, 24, 63-87; Reproduced pp. 62, 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clair, Jean. <em>Picasso E\u0301rotique</em>. Munich: Prestel, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "To\u0304kyo\u0304 Sho\u0304ko\u0304 Kaigisho. <em>Kara\u0304 ko\u0304dine\u0304shon no kiso: kara\u0304 ko\u0304dine\u0304ta\u0304 kentei shiken 3-kyu\u0304 ko\u0304shiki tekisuto </em>(Introduction to color coordination). Tokyo: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Sho\u0304ko\u0304 Kaigisho, 2001", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 54-55; Reproduced: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoine, Serge. <em>From Puvis De Chavannes to Matisse and Picasso: Toward Modern Art</em>. Milan: Bompiani, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41, fig. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Andersen, Wayne V. <em>Picasso's Brothel: Les Demoiselles D'Avignon</em>. New York, NY: Other Press, 2002", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192, fig. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oca\u00f1a, Mar\u00eda Teresa. <em>Picasso joven</em>. La Corun\u0303a: Fundacio\u0301n Pedro Barrie\u0301 de la Maza, Conde de Fenosa, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sekai bijutsukan no tabi</em>. Tokyo: Sho\u0304gakukan, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 310", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meyer, Richard. <em>Representing the Passions: Histories, Bodies, Visions</em>. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 236, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Becht-Jo\u0308rdens, Gereon and Peter Matthias Wehmeier. <em>Picasso und die christliche Ikonographie: Mutterbeziehung und ku\u0308nstlerische Position</em>. Berlin: Reimer, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover and fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Senzoku, Nobuyuki. <em>Seiyo\u0304 kaiga meisaku hyakuissen</em>. Tokyo: Sho\u0304gakukan, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182, fig.100", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Picasso in Istanbul</em>. Istanbul, Turkey: Sabanci University, Sakip Sabanci Museum, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lara Elizondo, Lupina. <em>Referencias de Picasso en Me\u0301xico: ocho pintores (1900-1950): Angel Za\u0301rraga, Diego Rivera, Carlos Me\u0301rida, Manuel Rodri\u0301guez Lozano, Alfonso Michel, Rufino Tamayo, Francisco Gutie\u0301rrez, Federico Cantu\u0301</em>. Me\u0301xico, DF: Qualitas Compan\u0303i\u0301a de Seguros, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burgess, Margaret, \"The Colorful Mr. Hanna\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 09, November 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-09/page/6"}, {"citation": "Berggruen, Olivier and Max Hollein. <em>Picasso und das Theater</em>. Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Laurie. <em>The Making and Meaning of Art</em>. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147, fig. 8.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Serraler, Francisco Calvo and Carmen Gime\u0301nez. <em>Picasso : Tradition and Avant-Garde</em>. Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado; Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofi\u0301a, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76-89; Reproduced: p. 77, cat. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Jordi Falga\u0300s, and Carmen Belen Lord. <em>Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi\u0301, Miro\u0301, Dali\u0301</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Yale University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135; Reproduced p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calvo Serraller, Francisco. <em>Picasso: tradicio\u0301n y vanguardia: gui\u0301a antolo\u0301gica de la exposicio\u0301n, </em>Madrid: Fundacio\u0301n Amigos del Museo del Prado, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8-9; Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Laurence Channing, Barbara J. Bradley, and Margaret Burgess. <em>Monet to Dali\u0301: Impressionist and Modern Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Seki, Naoko. <em>Pikaso</em>. Tokyo, Japan: Sho\u0304gakukan, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hall, James. <em>The Sinister Side: How Left-Right Symbolism Shaped Western Art</em>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 333, fig.37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duchting, Hajo. <em>Pablo Picasso</em>. London: Prestel, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yu\u0304ki, Masako. <em>Pikaso egakareta koi: yattsu no koigokoro de yomitoku pikaso no miryoku</em>. Tokyo: Sho\u0304gakukan, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tinterow, Gary, Susan Alyson Stein, Magdalena Dabrowski, et al. <em>Picasso in the Metropolitan Museum of Art</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63, fig. 22.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnason, H. Harvard and Elizabeth Mansfield. <em>History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography</em>. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160, no. 8.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giedion, Sigfried, Gotthard Jedlicka, and Piet Meyer. <em>Pablo Picasso in Zu\u0308rich--1932</em>. Bern, Switzerland: Meyer, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, Abb.15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cox, Neil. <em>The Picasso Book</em>. London: Tate Publishing, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10, fig. 2; Mentioned: p. 273-274", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galassi, Susan Grace and Marilyn McCully. <em>Picasso's Drawings, 1890-1921: Reinventing Tradition</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100, fig. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Picasso Project: Picasso's Paintings, Watercolors, Drawings and Sculpture: A Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue, 1885-1973: The Blue Period, 1902-1904, Barcelona and Paris</em>. San Francisco: Alan Wofsy Fine Arts, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 124, no. 1903-071", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. <em>Picasso and the Mysteries of Life: La Vie</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zuffi, Stefano. <em>Colour in Art</em>. Antwerpen, Belgium: Ludion, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 292-293", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ramon, Artur. <em>Nada es bello sin el azar: quince episodios sobre pintura</em>. Barcelona: Elba, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137, fig. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William. \"The Mysteries of Life.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 6 (November/December 2012): 10.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-06/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Valle\u0300s, Eduard and Isabel Cendoya. <em>Yo Picasso: self-portraits</em>. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona, Institut de Cultura: Museu Picasso, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, fig. 6, 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Andral, Jean-Louis, Marilyn McCully, Michael Raeburn, et al. <em>Picasso dans la collection Nahmad</em>. Paris: E\u0301ditions Hazan, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 273-274, fig. 4; Mentioned: p. 419", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bozal Ferna\u0301ndez, Valeriano. <em>Historia de la pintura y la escultura del siglo XX en Espan\u0303a</em>. Madrid: Machado Grupo de Distribucion, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Art Newspaper 23</em>, no. 252 (December 2013).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gual, Male\u0301n, Reyes Jime\u0301nez, and William H. Robinson. <em>Journey Through the Blue: La Vie. </em>Barcelona: Museu Picasso, 2013.", "page_number": "p. 103, cat. no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Castan\u0303o, Antonia, Maria Teresa Ocan\u0303a, Neil Cox, Brigitte Le\u0301al, Valeriano Bozal Ferna\u0301ndez, Christopher Green. <em>Picasso en el taller</em>. Madrid: Fundaci\u00f3n MAPFRE, Instituto de Cultura, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 294-295", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Steele, Marcia. \"A Life Before <em>La Vie</em>: A recent cleaning of Picasso's masterpiece provided a unique opportunity for further research.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 6-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-06"}, {"citation": "Pratesi, Ludovico. \"Le Sfide del Grande Transfiguratore.\" <em>Art e dossier</em>, no. 316 (December 2014).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30-35; Reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Avec le Bleu une Histoire qui Dure.\" <em>Beaux arts magazine,</em> no. 368 (Fevrier 2015).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52-53; Reproduced: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valle\u0300s, Eduard. <em>Picasso: obra catalana</em>. Barcelona: Enciclop\u00e8dia Catalana, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 236-237", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rogla\u0301n, Mark A.<em> Spanish Art in America</em>. Madrid: Ediciones El Viso 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mu\u0308ller, Markus. \"The Many Metamorphoses of the Minotaur.\" In <em>Pablo Picasso</em>. Munich: Hirmer, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jones, Caroline A. <em>The Global Work of Art: World's Fairs, Biennials, and the</em> <em>Aesthetics of Experience.</em> Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 58-59, fig. 2.8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 46-47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kisters, Sandra.<em> The Lure of the Biographical: On the (Self-)Representation of Modern Artists.</em> Amsterdam: Valiz, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, n.171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koldehoff, Stefan. \"Marketing Modernism: The Thannhauser Gallery and Its Clients.\" <em>Marketing Van Gogh</em>. Stefan Koldehoff, and Chris Stolwijk, eds., 56-81. Brussels: Mercatorfonds; Amsterdam: Van Gogh Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61, fig. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jime\u0301nez-Blanco, Mari\u0301a Dolores. <em>Antes, Desde y Despue\u0301s del Cubismo: Picasso, Gris, Blanchard, Gargallo y Gonza\u0301lez, y Vuelta a Picasso.</em> Boadilla del Monte (Madrid): Machado Libros, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saragoza, Florence, and Pablo Picasso. Picasso et la maternite\u0301. 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 22-23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rynck, Patrick de and Jon Thompson. <em>Understanding Painting: From Giotto to Warhol</em>. New York: Ludion, distributed by Abrams, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 237", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tasseau, Verane, and Jean-Louis Andral. <em>Pablo Picasso en 15 questions.</em> [Vanves] : Hazan, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 28-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, John L., Esther Jun, Clodagh Keogh, William H. Robinson, Danni Shen, Enid Shomer, and Reto Thu\u0308ring. Demise: Rina Banerjee, Esperanza Corte\u0301s, Jae Rhim Lee, Brian Maguire, Paolo Pelosini, Levent Tuncer. 2018, 6.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 4-6.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bernardi, Claire, Stephanie Molins, and E\u0301milia Philippot. <em>Picasso: Bleu et Rose.</em> Vanves: Hazan: M'O, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 20-21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Faerna, Jose\u0301 Mari\u0301a. <em>Picasso</em>. Barcelona: Poli\u0301grafa, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lloyd, Christopher. <em>Picasso and the Art of Drawing.</em> London: Modern Art Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44, fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Betard, D. \"Picasso en bleu, en rose et en chefs-d'oeuvre,\" <em>Beaux arts magazine</em>, 411 (Sept. 2018).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 78-86; Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toscano, F. \"Becoming Picasso.\" <em>Modern Painters</em> (Sept. 2018).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104-110; Reproduced: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Micci, L. \"L'alba del Genio e Blu e Rosa.\" <em>Il giornale dell'arte</em> 36, no. 389 (Sept. 2018).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39-40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toscano, Frank. \"Becoming Picasso: A major exhibition at the Musee d'Orsay looks at six formative years early last century, now known as his Blue and Rose periods.\" <em>Modern painters : a quarterly journal of the fine arts 30, no. 8 (September 2018): 105-110</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 107", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Bon, Laurent, Claire Bernardi, Stephanie Molins, et al. <em>Picasso, Bleu et Rose.</em> Vanves: Hazan, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 180-182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bouvier, Rapha\u00ebl, ed. <em>Picasso: The Blue and Rose Periods.</em> Riehen/Basel: Fondation Beyeler, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 118-119; 122-123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Picasso, Pablo. <em>Bijiasuo: yi wei tian cai de dan sheng = Picasso: Birth of a Genius.</em> \u5317\u4eac\u5e02: \u6587\u5316\u85dd\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 219, 225", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Michael, Cora. \"Gauguin in the the Buckeye and Hoosier States: Portrait of Teuraheimata and its Midwestern Collectors.\" In <em>Paul Gauguin: Teuraheimata a Potoru, a Rediscovery, </em>11-19. New York: Jill Newhouse Gallery; [Akron, Ohio]: Thomas French Fine Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bouvier, Raphae\u0308l. <em>Le Jeune Picasso: Pe\u0301riodes Bleue et Rose.</em> Riehen/Ba\u0302le, Suisse : Fondation Beyler ; Berlin : Hatje Cantz, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 22, 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berggruen, Olivier. \"Painting as Drama: Picasso's Late Paintings.\" In <em>Picasso: The Late Work: from the Collection of Jacqueline Picasso.</em> Ortrud Westheider, and Michael Philipp, eds. Munich: Prestel, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 29-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ormiston, Rosalind. <em>Picasso</em>. Munich; London; New York: Prestel, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 50-51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Planas, Claustre Raffart. \"Early Works and the Blue Period.\" In <em>Picasso and Paper</em>. William H. Robinson, et al., 62-79. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 75, cat. no. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCully, Marilyn. \"Picasso in the Studio.\" In <em>Picasso: Painting the Blue Period.</em> Kenneth Brummel, and Susan Behrends Frank, eds., 10-23. New York: DelMonico Books \u00b7 D.A.P.; Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Art Gallery of Ontario, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 18-19, fig. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Frank, Susan Behrends. \"Chronology.\" In <em>Picasso: Painting the Blue Period.</em> Kenneth Brummel, and Susan Behrends Frank, eds., 294-321. New York: DelMonico Books \u00b7 D.A.P.; Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Art Gallery of Ontario, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 306-307, fig. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Michels, Stefanie. <em>Leipziger Schule und Kritischer Realismus: die Sammlung Fritz P. Mayer</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arn, Jackson. \"From God to 10,000 hours.\" <em>Art in America</em> 110, no.5 (June/July 2022): 42-47", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Conzen, Ina. <em>Picasso</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: C.H.Beck, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 20, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gue\u0301gan, Ste\u0301phane. <em>Picasso: Les Chefs-d\u2019\u0152uvre</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions El Viso, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2, 67, no. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lahuerta, Juan Jose\u0301. <em>Being an Artist : Julio Gonz\u00e1lez. </em>Valencia: Institut Valenci\u00e0 d\u2019Art Modern, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 40-41, fig. 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rafart i Planas, Claustre. <em>Picasso Barcelona: A Cartography.</em> Translated by Jofre Homedes and Mark Waudby. Barcelona, Spain: Museu Picasso, Editorial Tenov, Barcelona City Council, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maldonado, Guitemie. \"Picasso: Trajectoire d'un Geant.\" <em>Dossiers de l'Art</em> 307, no. 4 (2023): 10-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 12-13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McPherson, Heather. <em>Picturing the Artist's Studio, from Delacroix to Picasso. </em>London: Lund Humphries, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101; Reproduced: p. 103, fig. 74", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Zervos I.179; Sutton/Lecaldano 89; Daix, Boudaille, Rosselet IX.13; Palau i Fabre: 882; PP 1903-071", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.24", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 124245, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1945-02-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1903, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1903", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Life"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-15 11:48:14.819000"}, {"id": 125249, "accession_number": "1947.209", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Large Plane Trees (Road Menders at Saint-R\u00e9my), 1889. Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853\u20131890). Oil on fabric; framed: 104.5 x 124.5 x 7.6 cm (41 1/8 x 49 x 3 in.); unframed: 73.4 x 91.8 cm (28 7/8 x 36 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1947.209", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "The Large Plane Trees (Road Menders at Saint-R\u00e9my)", "creation_date": "1889", "creation_date_earliest": 1889, "creation_date_latest": 1889, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 104.5 x 124.5 x 7.6 cm (41 1/8 x 49 x 3 in.); Unframed: 73.4 x 91.8 cm (28 7/8 x 36 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.045, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.245, "width_inch": 49, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.734, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.918, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312052, "title": "Work by Vincent Van Gogh", "description": "<i>Work by Vincent Van Gogh</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3-December 12, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-11-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338462, "title": "Van Gogh: Paintings and Drawings", "description": "<i>Van Gogh: Paintings and Drawings</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (October 21, 1949-January 15, 1950); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 1-April 15, 1950).", "opening_date": "1949-10-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300437, "title": "Four Modes of Composition", "description": "<i>Four Modes of Composition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 27, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338466, "title": "Van Gogh in St. Remy and Auvers", "description": "<i>Van Gogh in St. Remy and Auvers</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (November 25, 1986-March 22, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338459, "title": "Vincent van Gogh", "description": "<i>Vincent van Gogh</i>. Van Gogh Museum, 1070 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands (March 30-July 29, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-03-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441657, "title": "Vincent van Gogh 1990", "description": "<i>Vincent van Gogh 1990</i>. Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum (co-organizer) (March 30-July 29, 1990); Rijksmuseum Vincent van Gogh, Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (co-organizer) (March 30-July 29, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-03-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223479, "title": "Right Under the Sun: Painting in Provence from Classicism to Modernism (1750-1920)", "description": "<i>Right Under the Sun: Painting in Provence from Classicism to Modernism (1750-1920)</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (September 22, 2005-January 8, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-05-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211379, "title": "Van Gogh: Up Close", "description": "<i>Van Gogh: Up Close</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (January 26-May 6, 2012); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (organizer) (May 25-September 2, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213656, "title": "Van Gogh Repetitions", "description": "<i>Van Gogh Repetitions</i>. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (October 12, 2013-February 2, 2014); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 2-May 26, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 448164, "title": "There\u2019s Nothing like the Real Thing: Van Gogh at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>There\u2019s Nothing like the Real Thing: Van Gogh at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 17-December 5, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 538102, "title": "Vincent van Gogh: Poets and Lovers", "description": "<i>Vincent van Gogh: Poets and Lovers</i>. National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 14, 2024-January 19, 2025) https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/van-gogh-poets-and-lovers.", "opening_date": "2024-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants</em>.Pavillon de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (1890).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Vincent van Gogh. Boulevard \u00e0 St-R\u00e9my</em>, Provence, France:1889-90. Galerie Bernheim Jeune, Paris, France (1901).", "opening_date": "1901-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Quelques oeuvres de Vincent van Gogh</em>. Galerie Druet, Paris, France (1908).", "opening_date": "1908-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of French Painting of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries</em>. Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>C\u00e9zanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Van Gogh.</em> Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Retrospective Exhibition of Landscape Painting</em>. Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Masters of French 19th Century Painting</em>. New Burlington Galleries,London, United Kingdom (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Theo van Gogh [1857-1891], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1890", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Julien Leclercq [1865-1901] Paris, France (see document b1533 v/1962 in the archive of the Van Gogh Museum", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Schuffenecker Brothers, Paris, France, sold to Gustave Fayet, Igny, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Gustave Fayet [1865-1925], Igny, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Gilbert E. Fuller, Boston, MA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1931", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Paul Rosenberg, New York, NY, July 18, 1947, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1947-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Van Gogh sometimes created what he called \"repetitions,\" in which he painted the same subject and composition again. This painting has a repetition, currently in the Phillips Collection in Washington, DC. Conservation research has shown that the Cleveland painting is the first version.", "description": "Like <em>Two Poplars in the Alpilles near Saint-R\u00e9my</em> (on view nearby), Vincent van Gogh painted this autumnal landscape while living in a psychiatric hospital near Saint-R\u00e9my in southern France where he was treated for severe depression. Understanding that painting from nature eased his symptoms, Van Gogh\u2019s physician permitted the artist to paint landscapes outside. Van Gogh described this painting in a letter to his brother Theo: \u201cThe last study I did is a view of the village, where they were at work under some enormous plane trees\u2014repairing the pavements. . . . There are heaps of sand, stones, and the gigantic trunks\u2014the leaves yellowing and here and there you can get a glimpse of a house front and small figures.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26221185"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.209-the-large-plane-tree"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Meyer-Riefstahl, R. \"Vincent Van Gogh-II. Van Gogh's Style in Relation to Nature.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs </em>18, no. 93 (December 1910): 155-62.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160, pl. III", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Voln\u00e9 Sm\u011bry: M\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edk Um\u011blecky</em> nos. 1-5 (1911): 108.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coquiot, Gustave. <em>... Vincent van Gogh; avec 24 reproductions hors-texte des \u0153uvres de Vincent van Gogh</em>. Paris, FR: Ollendorff, 1923", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp. p. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grey, Roch. <em>Vincent Van Gogh</em>. Rome: Valori Plastici, 1924.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fels, Florent. <em>Van Gogh</em>. Paris: Librairie Stock, 1924.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goulinat, J. G. \"Les Collections Gustave Fayet.\" <em>L'Amour de l'Art</em> 132 (1925): 129-142.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Faure, E\u0301lie. <em>Histoire de l'art</em>. Paris, FR: G. Cre\u0300s, 1926.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 447, vol. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leroy, Edgar. \"Le S\u00e9jour de Vincent van Gogh \u00e0 l'Asile de Saint-R\u00e9my-de-Provence.\"<em> Aesculape</em> 16, no. 7 (July 1926): 180-186.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": null}, {"citation": "Doiteau, Victor, and Edgard Leroy. <em>La folie de Vincent van Gogh</em>. Paris, FR: Aesculape, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp. p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "de LaFaille, J. B. <em>L'oeuvre de Vincent van Gogh, catalogue raisonne\u0301</em>. Paris, FR: et Bruxelles: Les E\u0301ditions G. van Oest, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 657, vol. 1; Reproduced: no. 657, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gogh, Vincent van. <em>Further Letters of Vincent Van Gogh to His Brother, 1886-1889</em>. London, UK: Constable &amp; Co, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 418, letter 618; p.424, letter 621", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. <em>French Painting</em>. Boston, MA: Hale, Cushman &amp; Flint, 1931.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 297", "url": null}, {"citation": "Art Institute of Chicago. <em>Catalogue of a Century of Progress Exhibition of Prints: The Art Institute of Chicago, June 1 to November 1, 1933.</em> [Chicago]: Art Institute of Chicago, 1933.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 54, no. 381", "url": null}, {"citation": "Uhde, Wilhelm. <em>Vincent Van Gogh</em>. Vienna, Austria: Phaidon Press, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scherjon,W. and W. Jos. de Gruyter. <em>Vincent Van Gogh's Great Period, Arles, St. Re\u0301my and Auvers Sur Oise (Complete Catalogue)</em>. Amsterdam (Holland): \"De Spieghel\", Ltd, 1937.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 272; no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "La Faille, J. Bernard de, Charles Terrasse, Prudence Montagu-Pollock, and Andre\u0301 Gloeckner. <em>Vincent Van Gogh</em>. New York, N.Y.: French and European Publications [etc.], 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 667", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nordenfalk, Carl. \"Van Gogh and Sweden.\" <em>Konsthistorisk Tidskrift</em> 15 (December 1946): 89-96.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zervos, Christian. \"Vincent Van Gogh.\" <em>Cahiers d'Art</em> 22 (1947): 159-266.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, H.S. \"Les Paveurs, by Vincent van Gogh.\" <em>The Bulletin of the</em> <em>Cleveland Museum of Art XXXV</em>, no 4 (April 1948): 57-63.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61-62", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>XXXV, no. 6 (June 1948): 121", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gogh, Vincent van. <em>Work by Vincent Van Gogh: Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art, November 3 Through December 12 1948</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levine, Jack. \"Homage to Vincent.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 47 (December 1948): 26-30.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26; reproduced: p. 28-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Year's Best: 1948.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 47 (January 1949): 40-41.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>ARTnews Annual 1949.</em> New York, N.Y.: Newsweek, Inc, 1949. P. 72-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 72-73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). <em>Van Gogh, Paintings and Drawings; A Special Loan Exhibition, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Art Institute of Chicago, 1949-1950</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum. 1949-50. 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schapiro, Meyer. <em>Vincent Van Gogh</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leymarie, Jean. <em>Van Gogh</em>. [Paris]: P. Tisne\u0301, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 128, no. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "Hanson, Lawrence, and Elisabeth Hanson. <em>Passionate Pilgrim; The Life of Vincent Van Gogh.</em> New York: Random House, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 264; reproduced: between p. 178-179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Post-Impressionism: From Van Gogh to Gauguin</em>. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 357", "url": null}, {"citation": "Huyghe, Rene\u0301. <em>L'Art et l'Homme.</em> Paris: Larousse, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 3, p. 403", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 513", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n95"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elgar, Frank.<em> Van Gogh, A Study of His Life and Work.</em> New York: Praeger, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"From Turner to Gaston.\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>78 (December 1963): 481-488.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 484; mentioned: p. 486-487", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Bourniquel, Camille. <em>Van Gogh</em>. Paris, FR] Hachette, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Gaunt, William. <em>The Impressionists.</em> London, UK: Thames &amp; Hudson, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nakayama, Kimio. <em>Gogh</em>. Tokyo, Japan: [Shueisha], 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132; no. 56; vol. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "De la Faille, J.-B. <em>The Works of Vincent Van Gogh; His Paintings and Drawings.</em> Amsterdam: Meulenhoff International, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 657", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lecaldano, Paolo. <em>L'opera pittorica completa di Van Gogh e i suoi nessi grafici.</em> Milan, IT: Rizzoli,1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 754; vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lubin, Albert J. <em>Stranger on the Earth; A Psychological Biography of Vincent Van Gogh.</em> New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart Winston, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93; pl. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gatto, Joseph A. <em>Cities</em>. Worcester, MA: Davis Publications, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gogh, Vincent van, Jean Leymarie, and V. W. van Gogh.<em> Letters of Vincent van Gogh, 1886-1890: A Facsimile Edition.</em> London: Scolar Press, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: v. 2, no. 618, p. 1/4; mentioned: v. 2, no. 621, p. 2/4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hulsker, Jan. <em>The Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches.</em> New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 426; no. 428", "url": null}, {"citation": "Canaday, John. <em>Mainstreams of Modern Art.</em> New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 357; fog. 418", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schapiro, Meyer. <em>Vincent Van Gogh</em>. Norwalk, CT: Easton Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barrielle, Jean-Franc\u0327ois. <em>La vie et l'\u0153uvre de Vincent van Gogh.</em> Paris, FR: ACR, 1984.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald. <em>Van Gogh in Saint-Re\u0301my and Auvers</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 44, p. 304, 307", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science</em>, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William. \u201cGeorge Hendrik Breitner and the Emergence of Dutch Modernism.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 2 (1994): 27-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 32", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161441"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 306-309, Vol. I, no. 109", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grossvogel, Jill. <em>Claude-Emile Schuffenecker: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301.</em> San Francisco: Alan Wofsy Fine Arts, 2000.", "page_number": "Mention: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. <em>Knockouts: a pocket guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 51, p. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hughes, Robert. <em>The Portable Van Gogh</em>. New York, NY: Universe, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 344", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schapiro, Meyer. <em>Vincent Van Gogh.</em> New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, Publishers, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110-111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn, David Cateforis, and Stephen Addiss. <em>Art History</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cogeval, Guy, and Marie-Paule Vial. <em>Right under the sun: landscape in Provence from classicism to modernism (1750-1920).</em> Montre\u0301al: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143; no. 186", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corty, Axelle. \u201cLa Face Cach\u00e9e Du Soleil.\u201d <em>Connaissance Des Arts</em>, no. 627 (May 2005): 42\u201355.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 46-47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burgess, Margaret B., \"Side by Side\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 05, May/June 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-05/page/6"}, {"citation": "\"L'Oeil sur les Expositions.\" <em>Oeil</em> (June 2005): 16-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Martin. \"Vincent van Cloth.\" The Art Newspaper XVI, no. 183 (September 2007): 3.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ligon, Scott. <em>Digital Art Revolution: Creating Fine Art with Photoshop.</em> New York, NY: Watson-Guptill, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 272-273", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hubert, Jean-Christophe. <em>Sur les traces de Van Gogh.</em> Waterloo, Belgium: Avant-Propos, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118; fig. 478", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Eliza Rathbone, Marcia Steele, and H. Travers Newton. \"The Road Menders.\" In <em>Van Gogh Repetitions</em>, 140-153. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140, 142, cat. no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rathbone, Eliza E., William H. Robinson, and Marcia Steele. <em>Van Gogh Repetitions</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 0. 142; Mentioned: p. 140-153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 292", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fensom, Sarah E. \"Hitting Repeat\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em> 37, issue 3 (March 2014): 54-56.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Homburg, Cornelia. \"What Van Gogh Did Next.\" <em>The Art Newspaper</em> 23, no. 257 (May 2014): 67, 76.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blanc, Jan. <em>Van Gogh: ni Dieu ni mai\u0302tre.</em> Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 304-305", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Martin. <em>Starry Night: Van Gogh at the Asylum</em>. London, England: White Lion Publishing, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 95-96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Uitert, Evert van, Vincent van Gogh, Louis van Tilborgh, and Sjraar van Heugten. <em>Vincent van Gogh</em>. Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Arte, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 109, p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mettais, Vale\u0301rie. <em>Van Gogh: The Essential Paintings</em>. Munich: Prestel, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 36-37, booklet", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Homburg, Cornelia, Christopher Riopelle, Renske Cohen Tervaert, Julien Domercq, Michael Glover, Cindy Kang, et al. <em>Van Gogh: Poets &amp; Lovers.</em> London: National Gallery Global, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30-31, 220-221, 222, no. 15", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.209", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "718", "filesize": "341961", "filename": "1947.209_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2713", "filesize": "4467246", "filename": "1947.209_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_full.tif", "width": "14395", "height": "11486", "filesize": "496057452", "filename": "1947.209_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "460726"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6466828"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "16000", "filesize": "576034188"}, "date_created": "2017-08-03T13:49:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "464857"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6637123"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "16000", "filesize": "576034368"}, "date_created": "2017-08-03T14:00:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1093", "height": "893", "filesize": "280996"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2777", "filesize": "2387451"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5674", "height": "4635", "filesize": "78917884"}, "date_created": "2009-01-29T14:30:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1123", "height": "893", "filesize": "384230"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2703", "filesize": "3592134"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt3_full.tif", "width": "8427", "height": "6701", "filesize": "169441568"}, "date_created": "2006-04-12T16:28:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "379383"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "3587917"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.209/1947.209_alt4_full.tif", "width": "8481", "height": "6787", "filesize": "172715220"}, "date_created": "2006-04-12T16:28:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 125249, "creators": [{"id": 1779, "description": "Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853\u20131890)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The son of a clergyman, Vincent van Gogh was sent to The Hague at the age of sixteen to become an apprentice at Goupil &amp; Co., an art dealer with whom his uncle was affiliated. In August 1872 van Gogh began his extensive correspondence with his younger brother Theo, who would join the Brussels branch of the firm the following year. Vincent was transferred to the London offices in 1873 and two years later to the Paris office, but he despised the art trade and was dismissed in 1876. He then taught briefly at a boarding school in Ramsgate and Isleworth, and, back in the Netherlands, worked in a bookshop in Dordrecht before moving to Amsterdam to study theology. In little more than a year he had left the university and entered missionary school, failing again. Still intent on entering the ministry, he moved to the Borinage in Belgium and became a lay evangelist to the miners. Van Gogh finally decided to become an artist in August 1880 and started copying works by Millet (q.v.), the painter of peasant life. With his brother's financial help, he briefly joined the Academy in Brussels. The following year he returned to The Hague, where he received some artistic training from his cousin by marriage, Anton Mauve (1838-1888). There van Gogh met Sien Hoornik, a pregnant prostitute with a five-year-old daughter, with whom he lived briefly. Unable to marry her because of his family's disapproval, he moved in November 1883 from The Hague to the province of Drenthe, a popular place for artists, where he painted and drew laborers and peasants. Feeling terribly lonely, he visited his parents in December 1884 in Nuenen, and it was there that he finally decided to become a painter of peasant life. Van Gogh completed The Potato Eaters (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) in April 1885 and sent it to his brother in Paris. On 25 November he moved to Antwerp, where he reveled in the work of Rubens and first came to know Japanese prints. Van Gogh traveled to Paris in March 1886 and lived with Theo. Under the influence of the impressionists, and works by Monticelli (q.v.), his palette changed to more intense and vibrant colors. He began to associate with \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), Degas (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), Pissarro (q.v.), and Seurat (q.v.) and started collecting some of their paintings as well as Japanese prints. He moved to Arles in February 1888. Apart from paintings, he also made some drawings because it was a cheaper medium. Theo encouraged him to submit to the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants. In May Vincent rented a room in the Yellow House, even though he could hardly afford to do so, and continued to send his work to his brother. In June he became intrigued with the subject of the wheat harvest and painted The Sower (Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum, Otterlo). On 23 October 1888, Gauguin arrived in Arles, at a time when van Gogh was having trouble with his eyesight. Gauguin encouraged him to paint from memory, which resulted in Memory of the Garden in Etten (Hermitage, St. Petersburg). The artists, however, had many disagreements, and during a dramatic quarrel on 23 December van Gogh mutilated his ear. He was taken into a hospital in Arles, and Gauguin left for Paris. Van Gogh recovered rapidly and was dismissed on 7 January 1889. In February his neighbors objected to his presence in the Yellow House, and he had to return to the hospital. In April Theo married Johanna Gesina Bonger, who would eventually safeguard most of Vincent's oeuvre. Aware of his mental problems, at the end of April van Gogh checked himself into the asylum of Saint-Paul-de-Mausole in Saint-R\u00e9my, where he was treated by Dr. Peyron. His condition was stable, and he was allowed to work in a makeshift studio. He worked in the garden (Irises, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles) and painted the fields he could see from his window. Under supervision he painted in the countryside, rendering cypresses and olive trees. Starry Night (Museum of Modern Art, New York) also stems from this period. From July through September he suffered from a severe depression that prevented him from working. He resumed his work from October through December, painting well-known Proven\u00e7al works and adapting prints after Delacroix (q.v.), Millet, and Rembrandt (1606-1669). In January 1890 he exhibited five works with Les XX in Brussels, selling one of them. After a visit to Arles at the end of February, he became ill again but continued to work. He finally left the asylum, and visited Theo in Paris on his way to Auvers, where he arrived on 20 May. He became close friends with Dr. Gachet and rented a room at the inn of the Ravoux family. He painted the village, portraits, and the surrounding wheat fields. On 27 July 1890, during an episode of depression, van Gogh shot himself in the chest and died two days later.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1853", "death_year": "1890", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-07-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1889, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1889", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Les Paveurs (The Road Menders, Boulevard de St.-R\u00e9my, Arles)", "Road Menders", "The Road Menders at Arles", "The Road Menders at St. Remy"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:28:12.307000"}, {"id": 135299, "accession_number": "1958.31", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Adeline Ravoux, 1890. Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853\u20131890). Oil on fabric; framed: 72.5 x 73.5 x 8.5 cm (28 9/16 x 28 15/16 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 50.2 x 50.5 cm (19 3/4 x 19 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.31", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Adeline Ravoux", "creation_date": "1890", "creation_date_earliest": 1890, "creation_date_latest": 1890, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 72.5 x 73.5 x 8.5 cm (28 9/16 x 28 15/16 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 50.2 x 50.5 cm (19 3/4 x 19 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.725, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.735, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.085, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.502, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.505, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 519763, "title": "The Armory Show, 50th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Armory Show, 50th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (organizer) (February 17-April 28, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 343566, "title": "In Quest of Excellence: Civic Pride, Patronage, Connoisseurship", "description": "<i>In Quest of Excellence: Civic Pride, Patronage, Connoisseurship</i>. P\u00e9rez Art Museum Miami (organizer) (January 12-April 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-01-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442139, "title": "\u30b4\u30c3\u30db (Van Gogh)", "description": "<i>\u30b4\u30c3\u30db (Van Gogh)</i>. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (October 12-December 8, 1985); Nagoya City Art Museum, Nagoya, Japan (December 21, 1985-February 2, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 174820, "title": "Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits", "description": "<i>Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (March 12-June 4, 2000); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (July 2-September 24, 2000); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (October 22, 2000-January 14, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-03-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205456, "title": "The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme: Modernism for America", "description": "<i>The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme: Modernism for America</i>. UCLA at Armand Hammer Museum of Art and Cultural Center (April 23-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-04-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213656, "title": "Van Gogh Repetitions", "description": "<i>Van Gogh Repetitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 2-May 26, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 379202, "title": "Through Vincent's Eyes: Van Gogh and His Sources", "description": "<i>Through Vincent's Eyes: Van Gogh and His Sources</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (November 12, 2021-February 6, 2022) https://www.columbusmuseum.org/through-vincents-eyes-van-gogh-and-his-sources/.", "opening_date": "2021-11-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 308774, "title": "Van Gogh in America", "description": "<i>Van Gogh in America</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (October 2, 2022-January 22, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 440610, "title": "Van Gogh in Auver-sur-Oise: His Final Months", "description": "<i>Van Gogh in Auver-sur-Oise: His Final Months</i>. Van Gogh Museum, 1070 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (May 12-September 3, 2023) https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/nl/bezoek/tentoonstellingen/van-gogh-in-auvers-sur-oise; Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (October 3, 2023-February 4, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-05-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Modern Art</em> (Armory Show) New York. Armory of the 69th Regiment, New York, NY; Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Copley Hall, Georgetown, MA; Copley Society, Boston, MA (1913).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Opening Exhibition</em>. Galleries of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme, New York, NY (1920).", "opening_date": "1920-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>An Exhibition of Modern French Art.</em> Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (1925).", "opening_date": "1925-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>First Loan Exhibition: C\u00e9zanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Van Gogh</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Opening Exhibition</em>. Museum of Fine Arts, Springfield, MA (1933).", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Paintings, Watercolors &amp; Drawings by Vincent van Gogh.</em> Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA; Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH; San Francisco Museum of Fine Arts, San Francisco, CA; Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO; Minneapolis Museum of Art, Minneapolis, MN; Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit, MI; Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario (1935-36).The Hanna Collection of Modern Masterpieces. J.B. Speed Memorial Museum, Louisville, KY (1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Hanna Collection of Modern Masterpieces.</em> J.B. Speed Memorial Museum, Louisville, KY (1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Pictures for Peace: A Retrospective Exhibition Organized from the Armory Show of 1913.</em> Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Works by Vincent van Gogh.</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1948).", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Summer Loan.</em>Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (June-September 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-06-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Johanna Van Gogh-Bonger [1862-1925], the wife of Theo van Gogh, Amsterdam, Netherlands.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Artz and de Bois, The Hague, Netherlands)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1912", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Katherine S. Dreier [1877-1952], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1912-1929", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mrs. Cornelius Sullivan [1877-1939], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1939", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, NY, December 6-7, 1939, sold to Leonard C. Hanna Jr.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939-1958", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1642.43"], "did_you_know": "Adeline Ravoux, at age 13, was not pleased with her portrait and did not think the image resembled her. Today, a photograph exists of Adeline in her late seventies and the resemblance is truly remarkable.", "description": "In May 1890, Vincent van Gogh arrived in Auvers, a small town north of Paris, where he rented a room at the inn of Arthur Ravoux. This portrait, completed during the last months of the artist\u2019s life, depicts Ravoux\u2019s 13-year-old daughter, Adeline. Van Gogh wrote that rather than photographic resemblance, he wanted his portraits to convey the \u201cimpassioned aspects\u201d of contemporary life through the \u201cmodern taste for color.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26221230"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.31-adeline-ravoux"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Louis Anfray, \u201cLes souvenirs d\u2019Adeline Ravoux sur le s\u00e9jour de Vincent van Gogh \u00e0 Auvers-sur-Oise,\u201d <em>Les Cahiers de Van Gogh</em> no. 1 (Geneva: Pierre Cailler, 1956): p. 9.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Socie\u0301te\u0301 Anonyme. Report 1920-1921.</em> [New York]: The Society, 1921.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dreier, Katherine S. <em>Western Art and the New Era; An Introduction to Modern Art.</em> New York: Brentano's, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 63-64, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "de LaFaille, J. B. <em>L'oeuvre de Vincent van Gogh, </em>catalogue raisonne\u0301. Paris, FR et Bruxelles, BE: Les E\u0301ditions G. van Oest, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 786, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gogh, Vincent van. <em>Further Letters of Vincent Van Gogh to His Brother, 1886-1889.</em> London: Constable &amp; Co, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 472, no. 644", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scherjon, W., and W. Jos. de Gruyter. <em>Vincent Van Gogh's Great Period, Arles, St. Re\u0301my and Auvers Sur Oise</em> <em>(Complete Catalogue)</em>. Amsterdam NL: \"De Spieghel\", Ltd, 1937.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 375, no. 222", "url": null}, {"citation": "La Faille, J. Bernard de , Charles Terrasse, Prudence Montagu-Pollock, and Andre\u0301 Gloeckner. <em>Vincent Van Gogh</em>. New York, N.Y.: French and European Publications [etc.], 1939", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 776", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. \"Notes on the Collection of Mrs. Cornelius J. Sullivan.\" <em>Parnassus</em> 11, no. 8 (1939): 32-33.", "page_number": "Mentioned:p. 33", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/772018"}, {"citation": "\"The Sullivan Collection.\" <em>Magazine of Art </em>32, no. 12 (December 1939): 710-711.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 711", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leymarie, Jean. <em>Van Gogh.</em> [Paris]: E\u0301ditions P. Tisne\u0301, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. T<em>he History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland.</em> Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saarinen, Aline B. <em>The Proud Possessors: The Lives, Times, and Tastes of Some Adventurous American Art Collectors.</em> New York, NY: Random House, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elgar, Frank. <em>Van Gogh, A Study of His Life and Work</em>. New York: Praeger, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 210", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: The Museum, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \u201cCleveland: Model Museum for a Modern Cosmopolis.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 57 (March 1958): 24\u201337.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LIX,</em> no.9 (September, 1959): 199.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Bequest of Leonard C. Hannah, Jr.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art </em>XLVI,no.6 (June, 1959)<em>: </em>122.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute. <em>1913 Armory Show; 50th Anniversary Exhibition, </em>Utica, NY:1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 191, no. 1047", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sachs II, Samuel. \"Reconstructing the Whirlwind of 26th Street.\" <em>ARTnews </em>61 (February 1963): 26.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, E. B. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Guston.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 78 (December 1963): 481\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 486", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Important Impressionist and Modern Drawings, Paintings and Sculpture. </em>1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: lot no. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": null}, {"citation": "De la Faille, J.-B. <em>The Works of Vincent Van Gogh; His Paintings and Drawings.</em> Amsterdam: Meulenhoff International, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 786", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lecaldano, Paolo. <em>L'opera pittorica completa di Van Gogh e i suoi nessi grafici.</em> Milan, IT: Rizzoli, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 841", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lubin, Albert J.<em> Stranger on the Earth; A Psychological Biography of Vincent Van Gogh</em>. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart Winston, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232, pl. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Pablo Picasso: Bouteille, Verre, et Fourchette.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LIX, no. 7 (September 1972): 194-203.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 199, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward. \"Reconstruction: A Painting by Jasper Johns.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LX, no. 8 (October, 1973): 235-241.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 237", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark. \"Portrait Painting: An Image of a Man.\" <em>Arts and Activities </em>82, no. 1 (September 1977): 32-38.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n241"}, {"citation": "Hulsker, Jan. <em>The Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches.</em> New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 2036; Detail: p. 485 no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nemecaek, Alfred. \"Der Wirt Ravoux und Seine Tochter-Menschen in Auvers.\" <em>Art: Das Kunstmagazin </em>1 (February 1981): 28.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward. \"Woman in the Waves by Paul Gauguin.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LXXI, no.10 (October, 1984): 280-289.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herbert, Robert L., Eleanor S. Apter, and Elise K. Kenney. <em>The Socie\u0301te\u0301 Anonyme and the Dreier Bequest at Yale University: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. New Haven, CT: Published for the Yale University Art Gallery by Yale University Press, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 748, 776", "url": null}, {"citation": "Van der Marck, Jan. <em>In Quest of Excellence: Civic Pride, Patronage, Connoisseurship</em>. Miami, Fla., U.S.A.: The Center, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat no. 124, p. 246, Reproduced: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ikegami, Chu\u0304ji. <em>Gohho</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Shu\u0304eisha, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Gohho ten</em>. Tokyo, Japan: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Shinbun, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mothe, Alain. <em>Vincent van Gogh a\u0300 Auvers-sur-Oise. </em>Paris, FR: Valhermeil, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science</em>, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Milton W. <em>The Story of the Armory Show.</em> New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199; mentioned: p. 272, no. 1047", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods International Inc. <em>Impressionist and Modern Paintings and Sculpture, Part I.</em> 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 56-62, lot no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muko\u0304da, Naoki, and Hideo Takumi. Gohho junrei. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shincho\u0304sha, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Madeline, Laurence. \"Auvers: La Symphonie Inachevee.\" In <em>Van Gogh, Auvers-sur-Oise: Mai-Juillet 1890., </em>8-27. [Paris]: Publie\u0301 par Beaux-Arts Magazine, Publications, Nuit et jour, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heijbroek, Jan Frederik, and Ester Wouthuysen. <em>Kunst, kennis en commercie: de kunsthandelaar J.H. de Bois (1878-1946)</em>. Amsterdam, NL: Contact, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44, 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walther, Ingo F. and Rainer Metzger. <em>Vincent Van Gogh: The Complete Paintings</em>. Ko\u0308ln, DE: Benedikt Taschen, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 667, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gachet, Paul, and Alain Mothe. <em>Les 70 jours de van Gogh a\u0300 Auvers: essai d'e\u0301phe\u0301me\u0301ride dans le de\u0301cor de l'e\u0301poque (20 mai-30 juillet 1890), d'apre\u0300s les lettres, documents, souvenirs et de\u0301ductions, Auvers-sur-Oise, 1959.</em> [Saint-Ouen-l'Aumo\u0302ne]: Editions du Valhermeil, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154-155, pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hulsker, Jan. <em>The New Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches: Revised and Enlarged Edition of the Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of Vincent Van Gogh.</em> Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub. Co, 1996.", "page_number": ":Mentioned and reproduced: p. 466-467", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 310-313.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorn, Roland. <em>Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits.</em> New York, NY: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M.. <em>Vincent Van Gogh: The Painter and the Portrait.</em> New York, NY: Universe, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66, no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gogh, Vincent van, and Roland Dorn. <em>Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits</em>. New York: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 197", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldin, Marco. <em>Gauguin, Van Gogh: l'avventura del colore nuovo. </em>Conegliano, IT: Linea d'ombra libri, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gross, Jennifer R., and Ruth L. Bohan. <em>The Socie\u0301te\u0301 Anonyme: Modernism for America</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press in association with the Yale University Art Gallery, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": null}, {"citation": "Veen, Wouter van der, and Peter Knapp. <em>Van Gogh in Auvers: his last days.</em> New York, NY: Monacelli Press, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 163, fig. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>Director's Choice: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62-63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Avis. 2013. \u201cForces for the New Collectors and the Armory.\u201d <em>Magazine Antiques</em> 180, no. 1 (January/February 2013: 154-166.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 159; reproduced: p. 162, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kahng, Eik, ed. <em>Through Vincent's Eyes: Van Gogh and His Sources. </em>Santa Barbara, CA: Santa Barbara Museum of Art; New Haven, CT: in association with Yale University Press, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 198-201, no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stein, Susan Alyson. \"Van Gogh in New York: Picturing the First Years, 1912-29.\" In <em>Van Gogh in America.</em> Jill Shaw, ed., 56-91. Detroit, Michgan: Detroit Institute of Arts, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 61, pl. 18, no. 65; Mentioned: P. 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bakker, Nienke. \"Timless Portraits: On Melancholy and Youth.\" In <em>Van Gogh in Auvers-Sur-Oise: His Final Months </em>edited by Nienke Bakker, Emmanuel Coquery, Teio Meedendorp, and Louis van Tilborgh, 116-133. London: Thames &amp; Hudson Ltd, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117, 120; Reproduced: p. 122, no. 120.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bonafoux, Pascal. <em>Vincent van Gogh</em>. Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana Fondato da Giovanni Treccani, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 366", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.31", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.31/1958.31_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "897", "filesize": "451143", "filename": "1958.31_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.31/1958.31_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3389", "filesize": "6008242", "filename": "1958.31_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.31/1958.31_full.tif", "width": "11512", "height": "11476", "filesize": "396370084", "filename": "1958.31_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.31/1958.31_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "715", "filesize": "383680"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.31/1958.31_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2700", "filesize": "4977409"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.31/1958.31_alt0_full.tif", "width": "15099", "height": "11990", "filesize": "543143224"}, "date_created": "2017-08-03T09:24:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.31/1958.31_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "888", "height": "893", "filesize": "726316"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.31/1958.31_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3382", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9069857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.31/1958.31_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3838", "height": "3858", "filesize": "44456268"}, "date_created": "2005-09-26T18:41:07", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 135299, "creators": [{"id": 1779, "description": "Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853\u20131890)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The son of a clergyman, Vincent van Gogh was sent to The Hague at the age of sixteen to become an apprentice at Goupil &amp; Co., an art dealer with whom his uncle was affiliated. In August 1872 van Gogh began his extensive correspondence with his younger brother Theo, who would join the Brussels branch of the firm the following year. Vincent was transferred to the London offices in 1873 and two years later to the Paris office, but he despised the art trade and was dismissed in 1876. He then taught briefly at a boarding school in Ramsgate and Isleworth, and, back in the Netherlands, worked in a bookshop in Dordrecht before moving to Amsterdam to study theology. In little more than a year he had left the university and entered missionary school, failing again. Still intent on entering the ministry, he moved to the Borinage in Belgium and became a lay evangelist to the miners. Van Gogh finally decided to become an artist in August 1880 and started copying works by Millet (q.v.), the painter of peasant life. With his brother's financial help, he briefly joined the Academy in Brussels. The following year he returned to The Hague, where he received some artistic training from his cousin by marriage, Anton Mauve (1838-1888). There van Gogh met Sien Hoornik, a pregnant prostitute with a five-year-old daughter, with whom he lived briefly. Unable to marry her because of his family's disapproval, he moved in November 1883 from The Hague to the province of Drenthe, a popular place for artists, where he painted and drew laborers and peasants. Feeling terribly lonely, he visited his parents in December 1884 in Nuenen, and it was there that he finally decided to become a painter of peasant life. Van Gogh completed The Potato Eaters (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) in April 1885 and sent it to his brother in Paris. On 25 November he moved to Antwerp, where he reveled in the work of Rubens and first came to know Japanese prints. Van Gogh traveled to Paris in March 1886 and lived with Theo. Under the influence of the impressionists, and works by Monticelli (q.v.), his palette changed to more intense and vibrant colors. He began to associate with \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), Degas (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), Pissarro (q.v.), and Seurat (q.v.) and started collecting some of their paintings as well as Japanese prints. He moved to Arles in February 1888. Apart from paintings, he also made some drawings because it was a cheaper medium. Theo encouraged him to submit to the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants. In May Vincent rented a room in the Yellow House, even though he could hardly afford to do so, and continued to send his work to his brother. In June he became intrigued with the subject of the wheat harvest and painted The Sower (Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum, Otterlo). On 23 October 1888, Gauguin arrived in Arles, at a time when van Gogh was having trouble with his eyesight. Gauguin encouraged him to paint from memory, which resulted in Memory of the Garden in Etten (Hermitage, St. Petersburg). The artists, however, had many disagreements, and during a dramatic quarrel on 23 December van Gogh mutilated his ear. He was taken into a hospital in Arles, and Gauguin left for Paris. Van Gogh recovered rapidly and was dismissed on 7 January 1889. In February his neighbors objected to his presence in the Yellow House, and he had to return to the hospital. In April Theo married Johanna Gesina Bonger, who would eventually safeguard most of Vincent's oeuvre. Aware of his mental problems, at the end of April van Gogh checked himself into the asylum of Saint-Paul-de-Mausole in Saint-R\u00e9my, where he was treated by Dr. Peyron. His condition was stable, and he was allowed to work in a makeshift studio. He worked in the garden (Irises, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles) and painted the fields he could see from his window. Under supervision he painted in the countryside, rendering cypresses and olive trees. Starry Night (Museum of Modern Art, New York) also stems from this period. From July through September he suffered from a severe depression that prevented him from working. He resumed his work from October through December, painting well-known Proven\u00e7al works and adapting prints after Delacroix (q.v.), Millet, and Rembrandt (1606-1669). In January 1890 he exhibited five works with Les XX in Brussels, selling one of them. After a visit to Arles at the end of February, he became ill again but continued to work. He finally left the asylum, and visited Theo in Paris on his way to Auvers, where he arrived on 20 May. He became close friends with Dr. Gachet and rented a room at the inn of the Ravoux family. He painted the village, portraits, and the surrounding wheat fields. On 27 July 1890, during an episode of depression, van Gogh shot himself in the chest and died two days later.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1853", "death_year": "1890", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1890, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1890", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mademoiselle Ravoux"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:54:56.443000"}, {"id": 93014, "accession_number": "1917.1335", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "View of Schroon Mountain, Essex County, New York, After a Storm, 1838. Thomas Cole (American, born England,1801\u20131848). Oil on canvas; framed: 132.5 x 193.5 x 13 cm (52 3/16 x 76 3/16 x 5 1/8 in.); unframed: 99.8 x 160.6 cm (39 5/16 x 63 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1917.1335", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "View of Schroon Mountain, Essex County, New York, After a Storm", "creation_date": "1838", "creation_date_earliest": 1838, "creation_date_latest": 1838, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 132.5 x 193.5 x 13 cm (52 3/16 x 76 3/16 x 5 1/8 in.); Unframed: 99.8 x 160.6 cm (39 5/16 x 63 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.325, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.935, "width_inch": 76, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.13, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.998, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.606, "width_inch": 63, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  T. Cole / Catskill 1838.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 316645, "title": "A Century of American Landscape Painting 1800-1900", "description": "<i>A Century of American Landscape Painting 1800-1900</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 19-February 25, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 316648, "title": "A Souvenir of Romanticism in America; or An Elegant Exposition of Taste and Fashion from 1812-to 1865", "description": "<i>A Souvenir of Romanticism in America; or An Elegant Exposition of Taste and Fashion from 1812-to 1865</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (co-organizer) (May 10-June 10, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 316653, "title": "Survey of American Painting", "description": "<i>Survey of American Painting</i>. Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA (co-organizer) (October 24-December 15, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-10-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 316663, "title": "The Works of Thomas Cole, 1801-1848", "description": "<i>The Works of Thomas Cole, 1801-1848</i>. Albany Institute of History and Art, Albany, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 1-December 15, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 316674, "title": "The Hudson River School and the Early American Landscape Tradition", "description": "<i>The Hudson River School and the Early American Landscape Tradition</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (co-organizer) (February 15-March 25, 1945); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (April 17-May 18, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-02-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 316680, "title": "Thomas Cole 1801-1848 One Hundred Years Later: A Loan Exhibition", "description": "<i>Thomas Cole 1801-1848 One Hundred Years Later: A Loan Exhibition</i>. Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 12, 1948-January 2, 1949); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (January 8-30, 1949).", "opening_date": "1948-11-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355653, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: The Romantic Spirit", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: The Romantic Spirit</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 29-May 5, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-03-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 316690, "title": "Arts of the Young Republic: The Age of William Dunlap", "description": "<i>Arts of the Young Republic: The Age of William Dunlap</i>. Ackland Art Museum, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, NC (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 2-December 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-11-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 316697, "title": "Thomas Cole", "description": "<i>Thomas Cole</i>. Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (February 14-March 23, 1969); Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (April 5-May 4, 1969); Albany Institute of History and Art, Albany, NY (May 9-June 20, 1969); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (June 30-September 1, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-02-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 314070, "title": "A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting, 1760 - 1910", "description": "<i>A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting, 1760 - 1910</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (co-organizer) (September 7-November 13, 1983); Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (December 7, 1983-February 12, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-09-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315079, "title": "American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School", "description": "<i>American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 4, 1987-January 3, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 316981, "title": "A Nation's Legacy: 150 Years of American Art from Ohio Collections", "description": "<i>A Nation's Legacy: 150 Years of American Art from Ohio Collections</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 19-March 15, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-01-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 316985, "title": "Landscape Into History", "description": "<i>Landscape Into History</i>. National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (co-organizer) (March 18-August 7, 1994); Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (September 11-December 4, 1994); The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (January 8-March 25, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-03-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Thirteenth Annual Exhibition of the National Academy of Desig</em>n. National Academy of Design, New York, NY (April 23, 1838-?).", "opening_date": "1838-04-23T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Dunlap Benefit Exhibition</em>. Stuyvesant Institute, New York, NY (November 19-December 1838).", "opening_date": "1838-11-19T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>January Exhibition of the Apollo Association for the Promotion of the Fine Arts in the United States. </em>Apollo Gallery, New York, NY (1839).", "opening_date": "1839-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of the Paintings of the Late Thomas Cole, At the Gallery of the American Art-Unio</em>n. Gallery of the American Art-Union. New York, NY (March 27 1848-?).", "opening_date": "1848-03-27T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Maryland Historical Society, Second Annual Exhibition</em>. The Picture Gallery, Baltimore, MD (1849). Lent by J.S. Chapman.", "opening_date": "1849-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Inaugural Exhibition. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 6-September 20, 1916). Lent by the Holland Galleries.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. George Ackerly [d. 1842], New York, NY, to his daughter, Emma Ackerly1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Ackerly was Cole's brother-in-law.</div><div><!--block--><br></div>"], "date": "1838", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Emma Ackerly", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Although the painting is listed as for sale in the 1839 Apollo Association exhibition catalogue, it may not have sold, because in the 1848 Thomas Cole exhibition at the Gallery of the American Art Union, the owner is given as \u201cMrs. J. J. [sic] Chapman,\u201d the married name of Emma Ackerly.</div>", ""], "date": "By `839 - `847", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Jonathan G. and Emma Ackerly Chapman, sold to Nicholas Matthews1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Chapman and Emma Ackerly married on April 20, 1847.11</div>"], "date": "1847-", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Nicholas M. Matthews [1858-1930], Baltimore, MD", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1914", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(American Art Association, Matthews collection sale, Feb. 17, 1914, no. 61, possibly sold to T. Austin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Possibly T. Austin", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to <em>American Art Annual</em> (1914, vol. 11), the painting was purchased by T. Austin at the 1914 American Art Association sale of Matthews' collection. The painting then appears again in 1916 in the second Matthews collection sale, this time at Anderson Galleries, with no mention of any ownership by Austin.&nbsp; It is possible that it failed to sell in 1914, and was simply put up for sale again in 1916. That both the 1914 and 1916 sales situate the painting in the collection of Matthews calls into question the supposed purchase by Austin, as does the fact that the 1916 sale notes that the painting was purchased by Matthews \"from Mrs. J.G. Chapman, granddaughter of Mr. Cole,\" who appears prior to Matthews in the provenance.</div>", ""], "date": "1914-1916", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Anderson Galleries, New York, NY, Matthews collection sale, Jan. 17, 1916, no. 55, sold to Holland Galleries)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1In the sale catalogue the painting is titled \"Catskill Mountains.</div>", ""], "date": "1916", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Holland Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Several copies of the catalogue of the 1916 Matthews collection sale have handwritten notations indicating that Holland Galleries was the buyer.&nbsp; Additionally, shortly prior to CMA's acquisition of the painting, Holland Galleries lent it to the museum's inaugural exhibition in 1916.</div>"], "date": "1916-1917", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1335.1917"], "did_you_know": "Nicknamed \"Schroon Mountain\" by the artist, the peak's official name is Hoffman Mountain.", "description": "Championing the American wilderness, Cole declared, \"We are still in Eden,\" in his <em>Essay on American Scenery, </em>published two years before he painted this view of the Adirondacks. The artist sketched the scene in early summer, but when he created the painting in his studio, he rendered it in a dramatic blaze of fall colors. Such a choice likely had nationalistic overtones; he once proclaimed that autumn was \"one season where the American forest surpasses all the world in gorgeousness.\" <br><br>Cole included two Indigenous men in the painting\u2019s right foreground foliage. At this time, the Adirondacks remained home to many Native Americans long after most had been forcibly removed from land east of the Mississippi River. While continuing to live, hunt, and fish in the area, these Algonquian and Iroquoian peoples were compelled to significantly adapt their existence amid increasing White settlement and its attendant lumber, mining, and tourist industries.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107556948", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19900684"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.1335-view-of-schroon-moun"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "American Art Association. <em>Illustrated Catalogue of the Valuable Paintings by the Great and Little Masters of the Old and Modern Schools Formed by Mr. Nicholas M. Matthews of Baltimore</em>. New York: The Association, 1914.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "American Federation of Arts. <em>American Art Annual</em>. New York: MacMillan Co, 1898.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>American Art Annual</em> 11 (1914): 481.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Anderson Galleries, Inc. <em>Paintings by Old and Modern Masters</em>. 1916.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition June 6-September 20, 1916</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin, T. J. Barringer, Dorothy Mahon, Christopher Riopelle, Shannon Vittoria, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and National Gallery (Great Britain). <em>Thomas Cole\u2019s Journey : Atlantic Crossings.</em> New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 191-93; reproduced, frontispiece, p, 191.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Menconi &amp; Schoelkopf Fine Art, and Jonathan Spies. <em>Menconi + Schoelkopf. </em>New York, NY: Menconi + Schoelkopf, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 6-7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cooper, Reid W. F., Luke Nicholson, and Jean-Fran\u00e7ois B\u00e9lisle. <em>Shifting Borders. </em>Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 32; reproduced, p. 33.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH, London: Cleveland Museum of Art ; in association with Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 230; reproduced, p. 231.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kusserow, Karl, Alan C. Braddock, Miranda Belarde-Lewis, Teddy Cruz, Rachael Ziady DeLue, Mark Dion, Fonna Forman, et al.<em> Nature\u2019s Nation: American Art and Environment.</em> Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 109.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hoffman, Charles Fenno. <em>New-York Mirror, </em>June 1838.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 367, 390", "url": null}, {"citation": "American Art-Union. <em>Exhibition of the Paintings of the Late Thomas Cole: At the Gallery of the American Art-Union</em>. New York, NY: Snowden &amp; Prall, 1848.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Paintings, Engravings, &amp;c. &amp;c. at Picture Gallery of the Maryland Historical Society: Second Annual Exhibition, 1849</em>. Baltimore, MD: Printed by J.D. Toy, 1849.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 199", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Matthews Sale.\" <em>American Art News. </em>12:20 (February 21, 1914).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition, June 6-September 20, 1916</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Matthews Pictures Sold.\" <em>American Art News.</em> 14:16 (January 22, 1916).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>4:4 (April-May 1917).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64-67", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136092"}, {"citation": "Downes, William Howe. \"American Painters of Mountains.\" <em>The American Magazine of Art.</em> 25:4 (October, 1932).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Thomas Cole: Painter of the Catskill Mountains.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 24:7 (July, 1937).", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 113-116", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137862"}, {"citation": "Kellner, Sydney. \"The Beginnings of Landscape Painting in America.\" <em>Art in America and Elsewhere: An Illustrated Quarterly Magazine.</em> 25 (October, 1938). p. 158-168.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carnegie Institute, and Lloyd Goodrich. <em>A Century of American Landscape Painting, 1800 to 1900</em>. Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie Institute, Department of Fine Arts 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33, cat. no. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nathan, Walter L. \"Thomas Cole and the Romantic Landscape.\" <em>Romanticism in America: Papers Contributed to a Symposium Held at The Baltimore Museum of Art.</em> Edited by George Boas, p. 24-63. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, Jane. \"News and Comment.\" <em>Magazine of Art.</em> 33 (May, 1940).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 310", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lane, James W. \"This Year the Carnegie National: Pittsburgh's Brilliant Survey of 160 Years of U.S. Painting.\" <em>The Art News.</em> 39:4 (26 October 1940). p. 7-18.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ault, George. \"Thomas Cole Exhibition at Albany Institute.\" <em>Ulster County News</em> (Kingston, NY), November 27, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lesley, Parker. \"Thomas Cole and the Romantic Sensibility.\" <em>The Art Quarterly.</em> 5:3 (Summer, 1942). p. 199-221.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 199-221", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankenstein, Alfred. \"Thomas Cole: The Story of a New Local Purchase.\" <em>San Francisco Chronicle, </em>January, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Two Pictures of the Hudson River School.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 3 (March 1947): 48.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141350"}, {"citation": "Devree, Howard. \"Baroque to Modern: A Wide Range of Styles in the New Shows.\" <em>The New York Times</em>, January 16, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. X9", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 533", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n98"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n208"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n208"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cAmerican Visions of Wilderness.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 4 (April 1969): 151\u2013166.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 154, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152270"}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>19th and 20th Century Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70-77; Reproduced: p. 76, fig. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Celeste, Adam, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7-10; Reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 60:1 (January, 1973). pp. 1-36.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24, no. 39", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"American Landscape Paintings in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Antiques</em>. 104:5 (November, 1973). pp. 906-917.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 906, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barnett, Lincoln. <em>The Ancient Adirondacks.</em> New York: Time-Life Books, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Detroit Institute of Arts, and Toledo Museum of Art. <em>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976</em>. Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. [16]; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Field, Marta. <em>\"</em>Kindred Spirits: George Arms and American Studies Since 1944.\" <em>New America. </em>3:2 (Summer/Fall, 1977).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"American Landscapes.\" <em>Arts and Activities. </em>82:4 (December, 1977). pp. 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228", "url": null}, {"citation": "Millhouse, Barbara Babcock. <em>American Wilderness: The Hudson River School of Painting</em>. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46; Mentioned: pp. 41-47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zakon, Ronnie L. \"The Romantic Vision.\" <em>The Romantic Vision: 19th Century American Landscape Painting in the Walker Art Center Permanent Collection. </em>Minneapolis, MN: Walker Art Center 1978. pp. 6-21.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Powell, Earl A., III. \"Thomas Cole and the American Landscape Tradition: The Picturesque.\" <em>Arts Magazine.</em> 52 (March, 1978). pp. 110-117.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meservey, Anne Farmer. \"The Role of Art in American Life: Critics' Views of Native Art and Literature, 1830-1865.\" <em>The American Art Journal. </em>10:1 (May, 1978). pp. 72-89.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Craven, Wayne. \"Thomas Cole and Italy.\" <em>The Magazine Antiques</em>. 114:5 (November, 1978). pp. 1014-1027.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1014-1027", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord.<em> The Eastern Gate: An Invitation to the Arts of China and Japan</em>. Cleveland: Collins, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19-26; Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai, Jr. \"'The Ravages of the Axe': The Meaning of the Tree Stump in Nineteenth-Century American Art.\" <em>The Art Bulletin.</em> 61:4 (December, 1979). pp. 611-626.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 624; Reproduced: p. 624, fig. 22", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/3049941"}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John, and Lisa Fellows Andrus. <em>American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1850-1875: Paintings, Drawings, Photographs</em>. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162-170, 181-183; Reproduced: illus. p. 164, fig. 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hobbs, Robert Carleton. <em>Robert Smithson: Sculpture</em>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27-30; Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baigell, Matthew. <em>Thomas Cole</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34-35, 58-59, 68-69, 76-77; Reproduced: p. 59, plate 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Silver, Adele Z. <em>Guide to the Galleries: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 2nd ed., revised. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 80-82; Reproduced: p. 82, fig. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czestochowski, Joseph S. <em>The American Landscape Tradition: A Study and Gallery of Paintings</em>. New York, NY: E.P. Dutton, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7-11, 13-17, 49, 68-69, 154-168; Reproduced: pp. 68-69, fig. no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morse, Samuel Finley Breese. <em>Lectures on the Affinity of Painting with the Other Fine Arts</em>, edited by Nicolai Cikovsky. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19-33; Reproduced: fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Visions of Landscape: East and West.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 70:3 (March, 1983). pp. 112-135.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 115-117; Reproduced: p. 115, fig. 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159808"}, {"citation": "Creese, Walter L. <em>The Crowning of the American Landscape: Eight Great Spaces and Their Buildings</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71-76; Reproduced: p. 76, fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Franklin. <em>Frederic Edwin Church and the North American Landscape, 1845-60</em>. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Delaware, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Avery, Kevin J., Oswaldo Rodriguez Roque, John K. Howat, Doreen Bolger Burke, and Catherine Hoover Voorsanger. <em>American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School</em>. New York, NY : Metropolitan Museum of Art : H.N. Abrams, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134-136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rodrigues Roque, Oswaldo. \"Realism and Idealism in Hudson River School Painting.\" <em>Antiques</em> 132:5 (November, 1987). pp. 1096-1109.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parry, Ellwood C, III. <em>The Art of Thomas Cole: Ambition and Imagination</em>. Newark, NJ: University of Delaware Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 188-225, 389-391; Reproduced: p. 202, fig. 165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roque, Oswaldo Rodriguez. \"The Exaltation of American Landscape Painting.\" <em>Nature Rightly Observed: Hudson River School Landscape Paintings from The Metropolitan Museum of Art. </em>Shizuoka-shi: Metoroporitan Bijutsukan Meisaku Nihon Jikk\u014d Iinkaii, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18, 36-55, 182, 209-210; Reproduced: p. 18, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai, Jr. \"Thomas Cole (1801-1848) Schroon Lake.\" <em>American Paintings from the Manoogian Collection</em>. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16-17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vance, William L. <em>America's Rome.</em> New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90-105; Reproduced: p. 104, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Minks, Louise. <em>The Hudson River School</em>. New York: Crescent Books, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 6-18, 20; Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Powell, Earl A. <em>Thomas Cole</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20-47, 72-83, 139; Reproduced: p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilkins, David G., and Bernard Schultz. <em>Art Past/Art Present</em>. New York: Abrams, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 388-389; Reproduced: p. 388, fig. 421", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parry, Ellwood C., III. \"Les Montagnes dans L'Imaginaire de Thomas Cole.\" <em>La montagne et ses images du peintre d'Askre\u0301silas a\u0300 Thomas Cole. </em>Paris: E\u0301ditions du CTHS, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 383-415; Reproduced: p. 411, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cle\u0301ment, Jean-Paul. <em>Chateaubriand et le sentiment de la nature</em>. Cha\u0302tenay-Malabry: La Valle\u0301e aux loups, Maison de Chateaubriand, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13-21; Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. \"Frederic A. Whiting: Founding the Museum with Art and Craft.\" <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32-59; Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maciejunes, Nannette V., and Norma J. Roberts. <em>A Nation's Legacy: 150 Years of American Art from Ohio Collections</em>. Columbus, OH: Columbus Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, 174; Mentioned: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Truettner, William H., Alan Wallach, and Christine Stansell. <em>Thomas Cole: Landscape into History</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69, fig. 84; Mentioned: p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marchetti, Francesca Castria, ed. <em>American Painting. </em>New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabenhorst, T.N. \"A River Runs Through It: Master Artists of the Hudson.\" <em>The Compass: The Magazine of the Sea. </em>2 (2004).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30-35; Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabenhorst, T.N. \"A River Runs Through It: Master Artists of the Hudson,\" <em>The Compass: A Magazine of the Sea, no. 2 (</em>2004):30-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62 - 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"New Spaces in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>American Art </em>24 no. 2 (Summer 2010)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shepard, Paul, Jr. \"Paintings of the New England Landscape: A Scientist Looks at Their Geomorphology.\" <em>College Art Journal. </em>17:1 (Fall, 1957). pp. 30-43.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eliot, Alexander. <em>Three Hundred Years of American Painting</em>. New York: Time Inc, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 70-74; Reproduced: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. \"What is American in American Art?\" <em>Art in America.</em> 46 (Fall, 1958). pp. 19-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Special Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 45:1 (January 1962). pp. 3-12.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142482"}, {"citation": "McCoubrey, John W. <em>American Tradition in Painting</em>. New York: G. Braziller, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: plate 22; Mentioned: pp. 22-31, 113-126", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>American Literature.</em> eds. Andrew J. Porter and Henry L. Terrie, Jr. New York: Ginn and Company, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Beauty of America in Great American Art: With Selections from the Writings of Renowned American Authors</em>. Waukesha, WI: Country Beautiful Foundation; New York: In association with W. Morrow, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 38-39; Mentioned: pp. 37-39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Huntington, David Carew. <em>The Landscapes of Frederic Edwin Church: Vision of an American Era</em>. New York: G. Braziller, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24-34, 200; Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Merritt, Howard S. \"'A Wild Scene' Genesis of a Painting.\" <em>The Baltimore Museum of Art Annual II: Studies on Thomas Cole, An American Romanticist. </em>Baltimore, MD: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7-40; Reproduced: p. 23, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"I Don't Know Art, But I Know What I Like.\" <em>The Ohio Bell Voice, </em>January, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12-15; Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: World Pub. Co, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117-120; Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"American Visions of Wilderness.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 56:4 (April, 1969). p. 151-166.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154-156; Reproduced: p. 154, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152270"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"American Visions of Wilderness.\" <em>The Living Wilderness.</em> 33:108 (Winter, 1969). pp. 14-25.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prown, Jules David. <em>American Painting: From Its Beginnings to the Armory Show, vol. 1. </em>Geneva: Skira, distributed by World Publishing Company, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64-75; Reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.1335", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.1335/1917.1335_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "775", "filesize": "716717", "filename": "1917.1335_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.1335/1917.1335_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2086", "filesize": "5582485", "filename": "1917.1335_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.1335/1917.1335_full.tif", "width": "6280", "height": "3853", "filesize": "72628688", "filename": "1917.1335_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.1335/1917.1335_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "878", "filesize": "963680"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.1335/1917.1335_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2363", "filesize": "6856830"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.1335/1917.1335_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4598", "height": "3196", "filesize": "44127904"}, "date_created": "2008-08-13T15:16:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.1335/1917.1335_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "596", "filesize": "484023"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.1335/1917.1335_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1604", "filesize": "3490124"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.1335/1917.1335_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6525", "height": "3078", "filesize": "60286068"}, "date_created": "2008-05-16T18:02:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 93014, "creators": [{"id": 2659, "description": "Thomas Cole (American, born England,1801\u20131848)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1801", "death_year": "1848", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-02-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1838, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1838", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Schroon Mountain, The Adirondacks"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:58:58.569000"}, {"id": 135382, "accession_number": "1958.39", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Red Kerchief, c. 1868\u201373. Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926). Oil on fabric; framed: 128.3 x 105.7 x 14.6 cm (50 1/2 x 41 5/8 x 5 3/4 in.); unframed: 99 x 79.8 cm (39 x 31 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.39", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "The Red Kerchief", "creation_date": "c. 1868\u201373", "creation_date_earliest": 1868, "creation_date_latest": 1873, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 128.3 x 105.7 x 14.6 cm (50 1/2 x 41 5/8 x 5 3/4 in.); Unframed: 99 x 79.8 cm (39 x 31 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.283, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.057, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.146, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.99, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.798, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Not signed\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 343629, "title": "Claude Monet - Seasons and Moments", "description": "<i>Claude Monet - Seasons and Moments</i>. The Museum of Modern Art (March 7-May 15, 1960); Los Angeles County Museum of Art (June 14-August 7, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338832, "title": "Paintings by Monet", "description": "<i>Paintings by Monet</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (March 15-May 11, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 343615, "title": "Hommage a Claude Monet", "description": "<i>Hommage a Claude Monet</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (February 9-May 5, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 343621, "title": "Claude Monet: 1840-1926", "description": "<i>Claude Monet: 1840-1926</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (July 14-November 26, 1995).", "opening_date": "1995-07-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213923, "title": "Impressionists in Winter: Effets de Neige", "description": "<i>Impressionists in Winter: Effets de Neige</i>. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (September 19, 1998-January 3, 1999); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Yerba Buena Gardens, CA (January 30-May 2, 1999); The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (May 27-August 29, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216847, "title": "Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections", "description": "<i>Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art (organizer) (October 10, 1999-January 30, 2000); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (March 25-May 7, 2000); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 28-July 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227545, "title": "Monet's Garden", "description": "<i>Monet's Garden</i>. Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, CH-8024 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (organizer) (October 29, 2004-March 13, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216795, "title": "Becoming Edvard Munch: Influence, Anxiety, and Myth", "description": "<i>Becoming Edvard Munch: Influence, Anxiety, and Myth</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (February 14-April 26, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220678, "title": "Claude Monet", "description": "<i>Claude Monet</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (September 20, 2010-January 24, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213320, "title": "Lend-Back - Painting the Modern Garden", "description": "<i>Lend-Back - Painting the Modern Garden</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (August 27, 2015-January 3, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213583, "title": "Monet: The Early Years", "description": "<i>Monet: The Early Years</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (October 16, 2016-January 29, 2017); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (February 25-May 29, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 304929, "title": "Claude Monet", "description": "<i>Claude Monet</i>. Albertina, Wien, Austria (organizer) (September 21, 2018-January 6, 2019) https://www.albertina.at/en/exhibitions/monet/.", "opening_date": "2018-09-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Claude Monet: Exposition r\u00e9trospective.</em> Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Claude Monet de 1865 \u00e0 1888.</em> Durand-Ruel, Paris, France (1935).", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Five Centuries of History Mirrored in Five Centuries of French Art.</em> World's Fair (Pavillon de la France), New York, NY (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of Paintings by Claude Monet.</em> Wildenstein &amp; Co., New York, NY (1945).", "opening_date": "1945-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Michel Monet [1878-1966] Giverny, France, bequeathed from the artist's estate to his son, 1931", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931-1939", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edouard Molyneux [1891-1974] Paris, France, 1939", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939-1948", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Carroll Carstairs Gallery, New York, NY, September 16, 1948, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1948", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. [1889-1958], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1948-1958", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Madame Monet\u2019s red cape draws the viewer\u2019s attention beyond the glass of the French doors capturing her glance, a brief moment frozen in time. This painting was very special to Monet and he kept it with him for his entire life.", "description": "This painting depicts Monet's first wife, Camille, outside on a snowy day passing by the French doors of their home at Argenteuil. Her face is rendered in a radically bold Impressionist technique of mere daubs of paint quickly applied, just as the snow and trees are defined by broad, broken strokes of pure white and green.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50772913"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.39-the-red-kerchief"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Becker, Christoph. <em>Monet's Garden</em>. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Geffroy, Gustave. <em>Claude Monet, sa vie, son \u0153uvre</em>. Paris, FR: G. Cre\u0300s et cie, 1922.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp. p. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trevise, Duc de. \"Le Pelerinage de Giverny.\" <em>Revue de l'Art Ancien et Moderne </em>51 (January-May 1927: 42-50.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fels, Florent. \"Claude Monet or the Fading Luminary.\" <em>Formes; An International Art Review </em>15 (May 1931<em>)</em>: 74b-75.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74c", "url": null}, {"citation": "Malingue, Maurice. <em>Claude Monet.</em> Monaco: Les Documents d'art, 1943.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>The History of Impressionism</em>. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1946.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reuterswa\u0308rd, Oscar. <em>Monet: En konstna\u0308rshistorik.</em> Stockholm: Bonniers, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue de reproductions en couleurs de la peinture de 1860 a\u0300 ... = Catalogue of colour reproductions of painting from 1860 to ... = Cata\u0301logo de reproducciones en color de la pintura de 1860 a</em>. Paris, France: Unesco, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 234", "url": null}, {"citation": "Besson, George. <em>Claude Monet (1840-1926)</em>. Paris: Braun, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. </em>Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XLVI </em>no.6<em>.</em> (June, 1959): 123.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and William Chapin Seitz. <em>Claude Monet: Seasons and Moments</em>. New York. Museum of Modern Art. Catalogues. 1959-1963. 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gimpel, Rene\u0301. <em>Journal d'un Collectionneur, Marchand de Tableaux</em>. [Paris]: Calmann-Le\u0301vy, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp. p 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n198"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n198"}, {"citation": "Arnason, H. H. \"Motherwell: The Window and the Wall.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 68 (Summer 1969): 48-50.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50; mentioned: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isaacson, Joel. <em>Monet: Le Dejeuner Sur L'herbe</em>. London, United Kingdom: Allen Lane the Penguin Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bortolatto, Luigina Rossi. <em>L'opera Completa Di Claude Monet, 1870-1889</em>. Milano: Rizzoli, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tsuji, Kunio, Yoshiaki Inui, and Shu\u0304ji Takashina. <em>Mone to insho\u0304ha = Monet et l'impressionnisme.</em> To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304 Ko\u0304ronsha, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Champa, Kermit Swiler. <em>Studies in Early Impressionism</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.31 fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>The History of Impressionism.</em> New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 251", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nordenfalk, Carl Adam Johan. \"Outdoors-Indoors: A 2000-Year-Old Space Problem in Western Art.\" In <em>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</em> 117, no. 4 (1973): 253-54, fig. 31.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253-254, fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. <em>Claude Monet: biographie et catalogue raisonne\u0301</em>. Lausanne, Switzerland: La Bibliothe\u0300que des arts, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monet, Claude, and Susan Wise. <em>Paintings by Monet: [Exhibition] March 15 Through May 11, 1975, the Art Institute of Chicago</em>. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 26, p 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "House, John. <em>Monet</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon; New York, NY, Dutton, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n236"}, {"citation": "House, John. \"The New Monet Catalogue.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 120, no. 907 (1978): 678-39.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 680", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Hommage a Monet.\" <em>Le Petit Journal des Grandes Expositions</em> 88 (1980): fig. 25.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monet, Claude, He\u0301le\u0300ne Adhe\u0301mar, Anne Distel, and Sylvie Patin. <em>Hommage a\u0300 Claude Monet (1840-1926): 1980, anne\u0301e du patrimoine, Grand Palais, 8 fe\u0301vrier - 5 mai 1980</em>. Paris: E\u0301ditions de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301e nationaux, Ministe\u0300re de la culture et de la communication, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Grand Palais, Paris; Exposition.\" <em>L'\u0152il </em>297 (April, 1980): 74.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "House, John. <em>Monet</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, NY, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \"The Rembrandt and Monet of Marcel Proust.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXX, </em>no. 2. (February, 1983):90.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90, fig. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Keller, Horst. <em>Claude Monet</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Bruckmann, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: plate 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kijima, Shunsuke, Kimio Nakayama, Yoshiaki To\u0304no, Makoto O\u0304oka, and Katsunori Miyauchi. <em>Mone = Monet.</em> To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Shu\u0304eisha, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stuckey. Charles F. <em>Monet: A Retrospective</em>. New York, NY: 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75, plate 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taillandier, Yvon. <em>Monet.</em> New York, NY: Crown, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science</em>, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 95, cat. no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sagner-Du\u0308chting, <em>Karin. Claude Monet 1840-1926: ein Fest fu\u0308r die Augen.</em> Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Benedikt Taschen Verlag, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West.</em> New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taylor, John Russell, <em>Claude Monet: Impressions of France : from Le Havre to Giverny.</em> London, United Kingdom: Collins &amp; Brown, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tucker, Paul Hayes. <em>Claude Monet: Life and Art.</em> New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66-68, Reproduced: pl. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stuckey, Charles F., Claude Monet, and Sophia Shaw. <em>Claude Monet: 1840-1926</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced cat. no. 24, p. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelfrey, Robert H. <em>Art and Mass Media</em>. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165, fig. 7.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel, <em>Monet</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Taschen, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90, vol. 1; p. 257, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weiss, Susanne. <em>Claude Monet: ein distanzierter Blick auf Stadt und Land</em> : <em>Werke 1859-1889</em>. Berlin, Germany: Reimer, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55, fig. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moffett, Charles S. <em>Impressionists in Winter: Effets De Neige</em>. Washington, D.C.: Phillips Collection in collaboration with Philip Wilson Publishers, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sallis, John. <em>Shades--of Painting at the Limit</em>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pittman, Dianne W. <em>Bazille: Purity, Pose, and Painting in the 1860s</em>. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 207, p. 209, fig. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "D Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Mone, Runowa\u0304ru to insho\u0304ha no fu\u0304kei: kaikan kinen dai ikkai kikakuten = <em>Monet, Renoir, and the impressionist landscape.</em> [Japan]: Nagoya Bosuton Bijutsukan, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnston, Sona, Susan Bollendorf, and John House. <em>Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</em>. Baltimore, Md: Baltimore Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126-127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. <em>Monet, or, The Triumph of Impressionism.</em> Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Taschen, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90, cat. no. 257", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnston, Sona.<em> Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</em>. New York, NY : Rizzoli, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127, cat. no. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knight, Lynne. <em>Snow Effects: Poems on Impressionists in Winter</em>. Concord, CA: Small Poetry Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jiminez, Jill Berk, and Joanna Banham. <em>Dictionary of Artists' Models.</em> London, United Kingdom: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Norio Shimada, and Keiko Sakagami. Kuro\u0304do Mone meigashu\u0304: hikari to kaze no kiseki</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Nihon Bijutsu Kyo\u0304iku Senta\u0304, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clancy, John I. <em>Impressionism: Historical Overview and Bibliography.</em> New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burgess, Margaret, \"The Colorful Mr. Hanna\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 09, November 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p.7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-09/page/6/"}, {"citation": "Borzello, Frances. <em>At Home: The Domestic Interior in Art.</em> London, United Kingdom: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lambert, Ste\u0301phane.<em> L'adieu au paysage: les nymphe\u0301as de Claude Monet</em>. Paris, France: Diffe\u0301rence, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baillio, Joseph. <em>Claude Monet, 1840-1926</em>:<em> Paris, Galeries Nationales, Grand Palais, September 22, 2010-January 24, 2011</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103, Mentioned: p. 254-255", "url": null}, {"citation": "Braschi, Cecilia. \"1840-1926. Monet, une Vie Dediee a la Peinture.\" <em>Dossier de l'Art </em>177 (September 2010): 2-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marchesseau, Daniel. <em>Monet au Muse\u0301e Marmottan et dans les collections suisses ; Estampes japonaises, Fondation Claude Monet, Giverny. </em>Martigny, Switzerland: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 201, fig. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, London, United Kingdom, Scala Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 262-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 289", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Patin, Sylvie. <em>Monet's Private Picture Gallery at Giverny: Paintings by Monet and His Friends.</em> Montreuil, France: Gourcuff Gradenigo; Giverny: \u00c9ditions Claude Monet Giverny: Fondation Claude Monet, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 12, 14, 16-17, 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cachorro Fernandez, Emilio. \"Habitaciones con Vistas. Pulsion Escopica A Traves de la Ventana\". Archivo espan\u0303ol de arte 88, issue 350 (April-June 2015): 157-172.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M., et. al. <em>Monet: The Early Years.</em> Fort Worth, TX: Kimball Art Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Mention: p. 107; 202 Reproduced: cover; p. 106, cat. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bortolatto, Luigina Rossi. <em>Tout l'\u0153uvre peint de Monet, 1870-1889.</em> Paris: Flammarion, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 93, fig. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Widaur, Heinz. \"From Pleinairism to Impressionism.\" In <em>Claude Monet: A Floating World.</em> Heinz Widauer and Dieter Buchhart, eds., 55-79. Vienna: The Albertina Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 76-79, cat. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Michael, Cora. \"Gauguin in the the Buckeye and Hoosier States: Portrait of Teuraheimata and its Midwestern Collectors.\" In <em>Paul Gauguin: Teuraheimata a Potoru, a Rediscovery, </em>11-19. New York: Jill Newhouse Gallery; [Akron, Ohio]: Thomas French Fine Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M. <em>Monet: the Late Years.</em> Fort Worth, Texas: Kimbell Art Museum; San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, New Haven; London: Distributed by Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 15, 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry. Monet. 2020, 54.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; pp. 53-54, fig. 37.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dombrowski, Andre\u0301. <em>Monet's Minutes: Impressionism and the Industrialization of Time. </em>New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 21-22, fig. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dombrowski, Andre. \"Reflexions sur le Manieres de 'Saisir' et de 'Fixer' une Impression en 1874.\" <em>Revue de L'Art </em>223 (January 2024): 32-41.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 37-38, fig. 3, Cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Siegel, Harmon. <em>Painting with Monet</em>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 207-209, figs. 7.5, 7.6, and 7.7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wullschla\u0308ger, Jackie. <em>Monet: The Restless Vision. </em>New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106, plate 12; Mentioned: p. 149", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Man\u0153uvre, Laurent. \u201c1870-1888: Une Nouvelle Peinture.\u201d <em>Dossier de l'art</em>, n. 336 (April/May 2026): 22-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.39", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.39/1958.39_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "900", "filesize": "242663", "filename": "1958.39_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.39/1958.39_print.jpg", "width": "2732", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3767988", "filename": "1958.39_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.39/1958.39_full.tif", "width": "11652", "height": "14500", "filesize": "506893484", "filename": "1958.39_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.39/1958.39_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "471772"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.39/1958.39_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2742", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6551534"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.39/1958.39_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4033", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60526808"}, "date_created": "2006-04-11T15:09:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.39/1958.39_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "893", "filesize": "459830"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.39/1958.39_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2731", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6598773"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.39/1958.39_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4016", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60271236"}, "date_created": "2006-04-10T19:40:23", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 135382, "creators": [{"id": 1844, "description": "Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Claude Monet spent his youth in Le Havre in Normandy, where his father worked as a wholesale grocer. By the age of sixteen, he had exhibited some of his caricatures in an art supply store, leading to his acquaintance with Boudin (q.v.). It was Boudin who first encouraged him to paint out of doors. In 1859 Monet traveled to Paris, where he saw Boudin's salon debut and met Constant Troyon (1810-1865). A year later he joined the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse, where he was introduced to Pissarro (q.v.), but his studies were interrupted in 1861 when he was drafted for a seven-year stint in the military. His family would pay for his release from military duties only if he gave up painting. Finding this unacceptable, Monet served for one year in Algeria before an early return to France to convalesce after a severe illness. In 1862 he met Jongkind (q.v.), another important influence on the young painter's development. Monet's father then allowed him to pursue his art career in Paris, where he entered the studio of the Swiss painter Charles Gleyre (1806-1874). He studied with Gleyre until 1864 and befriended Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Renoir (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.), with whom he painted in the forest of Fontainebleau (D\u00e9jeuner sur l'herbe, 1865, two fragments in Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). Monet first exhibited at the Salon of 1865 and would do so again in 1866, 1868, and 1880. In 1868 he shared a studio with Bazille and Renoir but was soon forced to leave Paris to escape his creditors. He took his mistress, Camille Doncieux, and their son, Jean, to F\u00e9camp, then \u00c9tretat, and finally Saint-Michel. There Renoir provided hospitality, and the two also painted at the boating and bathing center of La Grenouill\u00e8re on the Seine. In 1870 Monet married Camille and, to escape the Franco-Prussian War, left for London, where he remained for nine months and met Durand-Ruel, his first dealer. In the summer of 1871 he visited the Netherlands and then settled in Argenteuil, to the west of Paris. He converted a boat into a studio, as Daubigny (q.v.) had done before him, allowing him to explore different viewpoints for his landscapes. He assisted in the organization of the First Impressionist Exhibition in 1874, partly because Durand-Ruel's worsened business situation had prevented the dealer from buying his art. The following year he participated in the H\u00f4tel Drouot sale with Morisot (q.v.), Renoir, and Sisley. In 1878 Monet and his wife moved to V\u00e9theuil with the Hosched\u00e9s, who had previously commissioned some works. Camille died the following year, and, while Ernest Hosched\u00e9 spent most of his time in Paris trying to settle his precarious financial situation, Monet stayed behind with Ernest's wife, Alice. In 1881 he moved with her and her children to Poissy and within two years was living at Giverny, where he would remain for the rest of his life. He painted some of his famous scenes-the haystack and poplar series, for example- in 1890-91. Ernest Hosched\u00e9 died in 1891, and Monet married Alice the following year. At Giverny, Monet explored the themes of his garden and water lilies. He continued to travel, going to Norway in 1895, making three trips to London from 1899 through 1901, and taking Alice to Venice in 1908. The final years of his life were mainly spent working on his Great Decorations, large paintings of a water lily pond designed for two oval rooms at the Paris Orangerie. Monet is generally considered the most typical exponent of impressionism.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1926", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1868, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1868\u201373", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["La Capeline Rouge-Madame Monet"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.903000"}, {"id": 123365, "accession_number": "1943.60", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Gray and Gold, 1942. John Rogers Cox (American, 1915\u20131990). Oil on canvas; framed: 116 x 152 x 12.5 cm (45 11/16 x 59 13/16 x 4 15/16 in.); unframed: 91.5 x 151.8 cm (36 x 59 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1943.60", "current_location": "226B American Modern", "title": "Gray and Gold", "creation_date": "1942", "creation_date_earliest": 1942, "creation_date_latest": 1942, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 116 x 152 x 12.5 cm (45 11/16 x 59 13/16 x 4 15/16 in.); Unframed: 91.5 x 151.8 cm (36 x 59 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.16, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 1.52, "width_inch": 59, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.125, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.915, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.518, "width_inch": 59, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  John Rogers Cox 1942", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 318288, "title": "Artists for Victory", "description": "<i>Artists for Victory</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 1-February 22, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-01-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 318291, "title": "54th Annual Exhibition of American Paintings and Sculpture", "description": "<i>54th Annual Exhibition of American Paintings and Sculpture</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago (organizer) (October 28-December 12, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-10-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 318296, "title": "Painting in the United States, 1944", "description": "<i>Painting in the United States, 1944</i>. Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA (organizer) (co-organizer) (September 5-December 10, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-09-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 318697, "title": "Contemporary American Painting", "description": "<i>Contemporary American Painting</i>. Rhode Island School of Design (organizer) (February 6-28, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318703, "title": "Museum's Choice", "description": "<i>Museum's Choice</i>. Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, MA (organizer) (March 8-April 30, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318494, "title": "The 50 Most Popular Paintings in the History of American Art", "description": "<i>The 50 Most Popular Paintings in the History of American Art</i>. The Dallas Museum of Art (organizer) (October 9-November 7, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-10-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318497, "title": "Life in America", "description": "<i>Life in America</i>. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (co-organizer) (March 4-April 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318500, "title": "Centennial Exhibition", "description": "<i>Centennial Exhibition</i>. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, NE (organizer) (co-organizer) (May 11-July 4, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-05-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 318505, "title": "Illusion and Reality", "description": "<i>Illusion and Reality</i>. Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 15-July 22, 1956); Pasadena Museum of California Art (August 5-September 9, 1956); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 5-31, 1956); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (October 31-November 30, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-08-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 318547, "title": "20th Anniversary Special Exhibition: 60 Terre Haute Artists", "description": "<i>20th Anniversary Special Exhibition: 60 Terre Haute Artists</i>. Sheldon Swope Art Museum Inc., Terra Haute, IN (organizer) (November 4-December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318691, "title": "An Unfulfilled Dream: The Neglected Generation of American Scene Painters: 1930-1948", "description": "<i>An Unfulfilled Dream: The Neglected Generation of American Scene Painters: 1930-1948</i>. Wichita Art Museum, Wichita, KS (organizer) (May 2-June 14, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-05-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 318694, "title": "A Retrospective Exhibition of the Art of John Rogers Cox", "description": "<i>A Retrospective Exhibition of the Art of John Rogers Cox</i>. Sheldon Swope Art Museum Inc., Terra Haute, IN (organizer) (May 14-June 13, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-05-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 221943, "title": "Illusions of Eden: Visions of the American Heartland", "description": "<i>Illusions of Eden: Visions of the American Heartland</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (February 18-April 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-18T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Toronto, Art Gallery of Toronto (February 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Terre Haute, Indiana, Sheldon Swope Art Gallery (May 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus, OH, Columbus Museum of Art, Illusions of Eden: Visions of the American Heartland (18 February - 30 April 2000) cat. ill. cover, pp. 94, 186, p. 271 ; traveled to Vienna, Austria, Museum of Modern Art/Ludwig Foundation Vienna (1 June - 15 August 2000); traveled to Budapest, Hungary, Ludwig Museum/Museum of Contemporary Art (25 September - 26 November 2000); did not travel to Madison, Wisconsin, Madison Art Center (24 February - 13 May 2001); did not travel to Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Washington Pavilion of Arts &amp; Science (June - August 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-02-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (03/01/2006 - 06/01/2006); \"American Icons: American Masterworks from the 1930s\"", "opening_date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Artists for Victory, Inc., New York, NY], by 1942", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Purchased with income from the Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, from Artists for Victory, Inc. The Artists for Victory exhibition, held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, was also mounted at the Cleveland Museum of Art, in 1943.</div>"], "date": "", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, purchased in 1943", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A framed reproduction of this painting is displayed on the living room walls of a farmhouse in the sci-fi film <em>Looper</em>, starring Bruce Willis.", "description": "Cox painted <em>Gray and Gold</em> shortly after the United States joined the Second World War, and its image of amber waves of grain threatened by ominous storm clouds likely has symbolic overtones. The painting's foreground features an intersection of two dirt lanes, as well as a telephone pole emblazoned with political campaign posters. The artist seems to imply that American democracy is at a crossroads during this time of combat against the spread of fascism in Europe and Asia. Interestingly the work was inspired by the landscape around Cox's hometown of Terre Haute, Indiana, a location nicknamed \"The Crossroads of America\" due to the junction of major north-south and east-west national highways within its city limits. The museum purchased this painting out of a traveling exhibition entitled \"Artists for Victory,\" which consisted of works by artists who wanted to assist in the war effort. The exhibition opened at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York on the first anniversary of the bombing at Pearl Harbor.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514906"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Artists for Victory: An Exhibition of Contemporary American Art, Paintings, Sculpture, Prints</em>. 2 vols. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Victory Show Sales,\" <em>Art Digest </em>17 (April 1, 1943)", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory. \u201cFour Curators, Four Favorites.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>62, no. 2 (2022): 29.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 29.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Waker, Andrew, ed., <em>Joe Jones : Radical Painter of the American Scene, </em>exh. cat., Saint Louis Art Museum, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned p, 76; reproduced p. 75.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art.<em> Artists for Victory: An Exhibition of Contemporary American Art, A Picture Book of the Prize Winners. </em>New York, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jewell, Edward Alden. \"Artists For Victory: Metropolitan Opens Tomorrow the Huge Contemporary American Survey.\" <em>The New York Times, </em>December 6, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Artists for Victory Score Victory in Metropolitan Exhibition,\" <em>Art Digest </em>17 no. 6 (December, 15 1942).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 6; Reproduced: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Artists for Victory Exhibition: The Paintings,\" <em>Art News</em> 41 (January 1, 1943).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8-9; Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Art News </em>41 (January 15, 1943).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum of Art Presents Paintings Selected from National Exhibition,\" <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer, </em>March 21, 1943.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Victory Show Sales.\" <em>Art Digest</em> 17 (April 1, 1943).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Holme, Bryan. \"New York Commentary.\"<em> London Studio</em> (July 1943).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, <em>Westvaco Inspirations for Printers 1942-1943</em> (1943).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 143; Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cravens, Dargan &amp; Company Insurance Managers, Houston, Texas, Review 25 no. 5 (April 1944).", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"State Artist's Work Displayed.\" <em>The Indianapolis Times, </em>October 18, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Grey and Gold by John Rogers Cox Voted Popular Prize,\" <em>The Carnegie Magazine</em> (December 1944).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 195-7; Reproduced: p. 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Hoosier's Painting Carnegie Favorite.\" <em>Indianapolis Star, </em>December 5, 1944.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cox, Soldier-Artist, Wins Carnegie 'Popular'.\" <em>Art Digest </em>19 (December 15, 1944).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Time Magazine</em> (December 18, 1944).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 32, no. 7(September 1945).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 138; Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burchfield, Louise. \"Two American Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>32, no. 7 (September 1945): 137-139.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134; Mentioned: p. 138", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141226"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Place of the Museum of Art in the Life of a City.\" <em>The Clevlander</em> (August 1946).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Popular Prize.\"<em> The Carnegie Magazine</em> 20 (December 1946).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cox Popular Choice of Carnegie Visitors.\" <em>Art Digest</em> 21 (December 15, 1946).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, State Fair of Texas,<em> Famous American Paintings </em>(1948).", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue de Reproductions en Couleurs de la Peinture de 1860 a 1949.</em> Paris: Unesco, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62-3; Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>New York Times Book Review, </em>October 16, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Anniversary Year Exhibit to Open Sunday at Swope Gallery Preview.\" <em>The Terre Haute Sta</em>r, November 2, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wahl, Charles William, M.D., \"Psychodynamics of Sexual Humor: Sex and the Salesman.\" <em>Medical Aspects of Human Sexuality</em> (August 1978).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26-7, cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Szymanski, Ronald, ed. <em>America in Literature: The Midwest. </em>New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sheldon Swope Art Gallery. \"The Sheldon Swope Art Gallery Newsletter.\" (May-July 1982).", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kinsman, Robert D. \"Art from Swope: Painting looks at forces of nature.\" <em>The Tribune-Star</em>- Terre Haute, May 16, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hubbard, Guy. \"Teaching Art with Art: Turbulent Skyscapes.\" <em>Arts &amp; Activities</em> 103, no. 3 (April 1988).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A final tribute.\" <em>Tribune-Star, Terre Haute, </em>February 4, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European and American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art: Cleveland, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chaon, Dan. <em> Fitting Ends and Other Stories by Dan Chaon.</em> Evanston: Northwestern University Press,1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pai\u0308ni, Dominique, and Guy Cogeval. <em>Hitchcock and Art: Fatal Coincidences</em>. Montreal: The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 341", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stearns, Robert. ed. <em>Illusions of Eden. Visions of the American Heartland. </em>Minneapolis: Arts Midwest, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 271; Reproduced: p. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maciejunes, Nannette V. \"Visions of the American Heartland.\" <em>American Art Review </em>12, no. 2 (March-April 2000).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Vienna and Budapest: Illusions of Eden.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>(November 2000).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 719", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges.</em> (August, 2001).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 761; cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dijkstra, Bram. <em>American Expressionism: Art and Social Change 1920-1950. </em>New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 188, 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "Norman, Bud. <em>The Things That Are Caesar\u2019s: A Comic Tale of Politics, Religion, and Other Impolite Topics. </em>Wichita: Affiliated Writers of America, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: back cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martha Parrish &amp; James Reinish, Inc., <em>19th and 20th Century European and American Art </em>(gallery catalogue) (February, 2005).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Chandler, Neal, ed. \"Silver Apples of the Moon: Art and Poetry.\" Cleveland: Cleveland State Poetry Center in association with Shaker Heights Public Library, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Andrew, ed. <em>Joe Jones: Radical Painter of the American Scene. </em>Exh. cat. St. Louis: St. Louis Art Museum, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76; Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perry, Dee. \"Personal Favorite.\" <em>Cleveland Art </em>50 (March/April 2010).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Toward the Vision: The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Museum publication booklet. 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kash, Steve. \"Life As an Artist.\" <em>Tribune-Star</em>- Terre Haute, October 7, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. D4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"American Art of the 1930s to 1950s.\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 54 (January/February 2014).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Daiss, Susan Dodge-Peters. \"Art at the Bedside: Reflections on Use of Visual Imagery in Hospital Chaplaincy.\" <em>Journal of Pastoral Care &amp; Counseling</em> 70, no. 1 (March 2016).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eldredge, Charles C. W<em>e Gather Together: American Artists and the Harvest</em>. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 89, fig. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arizpe S., Lourdes, and Je\u0301ro\u0302me Duval-Hamel. Spicil\u00e8ge beaux-arts de l'art faber: quand les beaux-arts et les mondes \u00e9conomiques se rencontrent. <br>Arles : Actes Sud, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60; Reproduced: p. 60, ill. 4, p. 91", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.60", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Hammond Hemmelgarn Family Gallery", "athena_id": 123365, "creators": [{"id": 3077, "description": "John Rogers Cox (American, 1915\u20131990)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1915", "death_year": "1990", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-02-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1942, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1942", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:48:30.828000"}, {"id": 128391, "accession_number": "1951.355", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Family Playing Music, 1663. Pieter de Hooch (Dutch, 1629\u20131684). Oil on canvas; framed: 124.5 x 142.5 x 7 cm (49 x 56 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 98.7 x 116.7 cm (38 7/8 x 45 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1951.355", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Portrait of a Family Playing Music", "creation_date": "1663", "creation_date_earliest": 1663, "creation_date_latest": 1663, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 124.5 x 142.5 x 7 cm (49 x 56 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 98.7 x 116.7 cm (38 7/8 x 45 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.245, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.425, "width_inch": 56, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.987, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.167, "width_inch": 45, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"P D HOOCH/ 63\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300448, "title": "Dutch Painting, The Golden Age", "description": "<i>Dutch Painting, The Golden Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 27, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335898, "title": "Old Masters from American Collections", "description": "<i>Old Masters from American Collections</i>. Newark Museum, Newark, NJ (organizer) (November 20, 1955-January 2, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335895, "title": "25th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>25th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, NE (organizer) (November 29, 1956-January 2, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335901, "title": "Paintings of 17th Century Dutch Interiors", "description": "<i>Paintings of 17th Century Dutch Interiors</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (organizer) (November 30, 1967-January 7, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "<i>Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335904, "title": "Hollandse Meesters uit Ametrika (Great Dutch Paintings in America)", "description": "<i>Hollandse Meesters uit Ametrika (Great Dutch Paintings in America)</i>. Mauritshuis, The Hague, Netherlands (co-organizer) (September 25, 1990-January 13, 1991); The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (co-organizer) (February 16-May 5, 1991).", "opening_date": "1990-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380201, "title": "Delft Masters: Vermeer's Contemporaries", "description": "<i>Delft Masters: Vermeer's Contemporaries</i>. Museum Prinsenhof Delft (organizer) (March 1-June 2, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 218067, "title": "Pieter de Hooch", "description": "<i>Pieter de Hooch</i>. Dulwich Picture Gallery, London , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (August 26-November 15, 1998); Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (organizer) (December 20, 1998-March 14, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-08-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 215380, "title": "Asia in Amsterdam", "description": "<i>Asia in Amsterdam</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (October 17, 2015-January 17, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 312555, "title": "Pieter de Hooch in Delft: From the Shadow of Vermeer", "description": "<i>Pieter de Hooch in Delft: From the Shadow of Vermeer</i>. Museum Prinsenhof Delft, Delft, Netherlands (organizer) (October 11, 2019-February 16, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-10-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Delft Masters: Vermeer's Contemporaries, Delft, Municipal Museum Het Prinsenhof, March 1 - June 9, 1996: [ p. refs. in accompanying book, see under literature].", "opening_date": "1996-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Giltaij, Jeroen. Senses and Sins: Dutch Painters of Daily Life in the Seventeenth Century (Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, c2004), p. 237, fig. 1.", "opening_date": "2004-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage (March 29, 2007 - July 8, 2007): \"Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "British Institution, London, United Kingdom (1829).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "James A. Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie, First Baron Wharncliffe (1776-1845), 1833;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "John Smith, London;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "William Theobald, London, 1842 (sale: Christies\u2019s, London, May 10, 1851, no. 76);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "private collection, Yorkshire;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "E. E. Cook, Bath;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "[Scott & Fowles, New York], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "During this period, the Dutch Republic was the richest, most urbanized nation.", "description": "The identity of the sitters remains unknown, although the marble floor and mantelpiece, the Transylvanian prayer rug on the table, and the silk clothes all point to the family\u2019s considerable wealth. Furthermore, the richly carved chest at the right supports Chinese vases and Japanese lacquered boxes, a reference to the flourishing Dutch trade with Asia. Music making often took place at home, and its appearance here also signifies the harmoniousness of the family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.355-portrait-of-a-family"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Smith, John. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch, Flemish and French Painters;</em> In Which Is Included a Short Biographical Notice of the Artists, with a Copious Description of Their Principal Pictures; a Statement of the Prices at Which Such Pictures Have Been Sold at Public Sales on the Continent and in England; a Reference to the Galleries and Private Collections, in Which a Large Portion Are at Present; and the Names of the Artists by Whom They Have Been Engraved; to Which Is Added, a Brief Notice of the Scholars &amp; Imitators of the Great Masters of the Above Schools. London: Smith and Son, 1829.", "page_number": "Mentioned: v. IX, p. 571, no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, C. Beschreibendes und kritisches verzeichnis der werke des hervorragendsten holla\u0308ndischen Maler des XVII. Jahrhunderts; nach dem muster. Esslingen, Germany: a. N.: P. Neff, 1907.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 518, no. 157; vol. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rudder, Arthur de. <em>Pieter de Hooch et son \u0153uvre.</em> Bruxelles, Belgium: G. van Oest &amp; cie, 1914.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burchfield, Louise H. \"The Music Party by de Hooch, \" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XXXIX, no. 6 (June, 1952): 121-123", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Newark Museum. <em>Old Masters from American Collections : [exhibition] the Newark Museum, November 22, 1955-January 2, 1956</em>. Newark, N.J.: Museum, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Staring, Adolph. <em>De Hollanders thuis, gezelschapstukken uit drie eeuwen</em>. 's-Gravenhage, Netherlands: M. Nijhoff, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86, pl. X", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 447", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n82"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n150"}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. <em>Paintings of 17th Century Dutch Interiors</em>. Kansas City: The Museum, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 5,  p. 13, Listed p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n150"}, {"citation": "Praz, Mario. <em>Conversation Pieces; A Survey of the Informal Group Portrait in Europe and America</em>. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 184; reproduced: pl. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikemeier, Peter. \"Das Familienbildnis des Emanuel de Witte in der Alten Pinakothek.\" <em>Pantheon</em> XXXII (1974): 255-261.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 260, n. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thornton, Peter. <em>Seventeenth-Century Interior Decoration in England, France, and Holland.</em> New Haven, CT: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42, fig. 48; mentioned: p. 405, n. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n182"}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C. <em>Pieter De Hooch (1629-1684)</em>. Thesis Yale University. 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: v. 1, p. 51-54, 57; v. 2, p. 73-74, no. 54; reproduced: v. 3, p. 20, fig. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C. <em>Pieter De Hooch: Complete Edition</em>. Oxford, UK: Phaidon, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28-30, 92, no. 53; reproduced: pl. XII, pl. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246; Mentioned: p. 247-248", "url": null}, {"citation": "Broos, B. P. J., Edwin Buijsen, and Rieke van Leeuwen. <em>Great Dutch Paintings from America</em>. The Hague: Mauritshuis, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 36, p. 305-309", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seaton, Douglass. <em>Ideas and Styles in the Western Musical Tradition. </em>Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Pub. Co, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 172-173, fig. 13.1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ydema, Onno. <em>Carpets and Their Datings in Netherlandish Paintings 1540-1700.</em> Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Antique Collectors' Club, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52. fig. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiero, Gloria K. <em>The Age of the Baroque and the European Enlightenment. </em>Dubuque, IA: Brown &amp; Benchmark, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1993 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (1994): 143-218.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 170", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Thomson, John Mansfield, and Anthony Rowland-Jones. <em>The Cambridge Companion to the Recorder</em>. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82; Mentioned: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kersten, Michiel, Danie\u0308lle H. A. C. Lokin, and Michiel Plomp. <em>Delft masters</em>, <em>Vermeer's contemporaries: illusionism through the conquest of light and space.</em> Zwolle: Waanders Publishers, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157; plate 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilschut, Arie Herman Josephus. <em>Sporen: Geschiedenis Voor Havo 4/5.</em> Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106, no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Peeters, Jan. <em>The Royal Palace of Amsterdam in Paintings of the Golden Age.</em> Amsterdam,, NL: Royal Palace, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 18a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C. <em>Pieter De Hooch, 1629-1684.</em> Hartford, Conn: Dulwich Picture Gallery, Wadsworth Atheneum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 142-145", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiero, Gloria K. Faith, <em>Reason, and Power in the Early Modern World.</em> 3rd edition, New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Connell, Timothy C., and Jackson J. Spielvogel.<em> World Art Transparencies</em>. Cincinnati, OH: West Educational Publishing, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vries, Jan de. \"Luxury and Calvinism/Luxury and Capitalism: Supply and Demand for Luxury Goods in the Seventeenth-Century Dutch Republic.\" <em>The Journal of the Walters Art Museum </em>57 (1999): 73-85.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alpers, Svetlana. \"De Hooch: A View with a Room.\" <em>Art in America: An Illustrated Magazine </em>87, no. 6 (June 1999): 92-99.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 97-98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ku\u0308hlenthal, Michael. <em>Ostasiatische und europa\u0308ische Lacktechniken: internationale Tagung des Bayerischen Landesamtes fu\u0308r Denkmalpflege und des Deutschen Nationalkomitees von ICOMOS in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, Mu\u0308nchen, 11.-13. Ma\u0308rz 1999 = East Asian and European lacquer techniques : international conference of the Bavarian State Department of Historical Monuments and the German National Committee of ICOMOS together with the Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, Munich, 11-13 March 1999.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Lipp, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 27, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Westermann, Marie\u0308t, C. Willemijn Fock, Eric Jan Sluijter, and H. Perry Chapman. <em>Art &amp; Home: Dutch Interiors in the Age of Rembrandt. </em>Denver, CO: Denver Art Museum, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hollander, Martha. <em>An Entrance for the Eyes: Space and Meaning in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art.</em> Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 156-157; Reproduced pl. XII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiero, Gloria K. <em>Faith, Reason, and Power in the Early Modern World</em>. 4th edition, Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7 fig. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giltaij, Jeroen, and Peter Hecht. <em>Senses and Sins: Dutch Painters of Daily Life in the Seventeenth Century. </em>Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67, fig. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franses, Michael, Rupert Waterhouse, and Christine Davis. <em>East to West: Textile-Art 2004.</em> London, UK: Textile &amp; Art Publications, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32, fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Robert, and Denise Scott Brown.<em> Architecture As Signs and Systems: For a Mannerist Time. </em>Cambridge,MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 9. 189, fig. 335 and 336", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franses, Michael, Rupert Waterhouse, and Christine Davis. <em>East to West: Textile-Art 2004.</em> London, UK: Textile &amp; Art Publications, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.32, fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Lawrence, and John J. Reich. <em>Culture and Values: A Survey of the Humanities.</em> Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 396, fig. 15.33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aynsley, Jeremy, and Charlotte Grant.<em> Imagined Interiors: Representing the Domestic Interior Since the Renaissance.</em> London, UK: V &amp; A Pub, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91, fig. 4.16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franits, Wayne E. <em>Pieter De Hooch: A Woman Preparing Bread and Butter for a Boy.</em> Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shawe-Taylor, Desmond. <em>The Conversation Piece: Scenes of Fashionable Life.</em> London, UK: Royal Collection, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiero, Gloria K. <em>Landmarks in Humanities.</em> Boston, Mass: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290, fig. 10.34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stevenson, Rachel. \"'At Home' with the Eameses.\" In <em>Camera Constructs: Photography, Architecture and the Modern City. </em>Andrew Higgott, and Timothy Wray, eds., 61-72. Burlington: Ashgate Pub. Co, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71, fig. 4.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corrigan, Karina. \"Asia on the Heregracht: Furnishing Amsterdam with Asian Imports.\" In <em>Asia in Amsterdam: The Culture of Luxury in the Golden Age</em>. Jan van Campen, Femke Diercks, and Janet C. Blyberg, 123-132. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 127; reproduced: P. 125, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brook, Timothy. \"Trading Places\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>182, issue 636 (November 2015).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70-74; Reproduced: fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Tony. \"17th Century Disruptors: The Dutch Rise to Dominance of the Chinese Porcelain Trade.\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> 47, no. 4 (July-August 2017): 103-117.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 103, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Amiel, Vincent. Naissances d'images: l'image dans l'image, des enluminures a\u0300 la socie\u0301te\u0301 des e\u0301crans. 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60, footnote 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jansen, Anita, et. al. <em>Pieter De Hooch in Delft: From the Shadow of Vermeer. </em>Zwolle: WBOOKS, in cooperation with Museum Prinsenhof Delft, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188, fig. 24; Mentioned: p. 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wolf, Norbert. <em>The Golden Age of Dutch and Flemish Painting</em>. Munich; London; New York: Prestel Verlag, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 207, fig. 168", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tillerot, Isabelle. Beaute\u0301s arbitraires: essai sur l'imagination a\u0300 l'e\u0301poque moderne. 2021, 149.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; pp. 148-149, fig. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952/page/n29/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.355", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "759", "filesize": "188537", "filename": "1951.355_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2867", "filesize": "2369926", "filename": "1951.355_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_full.tif", "width": "13750", "height": "11594", "filesize": "478282288", "filename": "1951.355_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1063", "height": "893", "filesize": "650925"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2857", "filesize": "6943145"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4622", "filesize": "76291416"}, "date_created": "2010-02-01T19:39:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1056", "height": "893", "filesize": "660034"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2874", "filesize": "8068665"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5710", "height": "4827", "filesize": "82714576"}, "date_created": "2010-02-01T19:51:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1056", "height": "893", "filesize": "641652"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2874", "filesize": "6468995"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4421", "height": "3737", "filesize": "49596288"}, "date_created": "2007-01-22T19:25:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "893", "filesize": "453074"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2732", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6285859"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4007", "height": "4986", "filesize": "59968968"}, "date_created": "2007-01-22T19:36:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "350519"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5232293"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.355/1951.355_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75528264"}, "date_created": "2007-01-22T19:47:25", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 128391, "creators": [{"id": 2633, "description": "Pieter de Hooch (Dutch, 1629\u20131684)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1629", "death_year": "1684", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-08-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1663, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1663", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Music Party"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:37:49.737000"}, {"id": 140161, "accession_number": "1964.160", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Woman's Work, 1912. John Sloan (American, 1871\u20131951). Oil on canvas; framed: 97.2 x 82.2 x 6.4 cm (38 1/4 x 32 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 80.3 x 65.4 cm (31 5/8 x 25 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Amelia Elizabeth White, 1964.160", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "A Woman's Work", "creation_date": "1912", "creation_date_earliest": 1912, "creation_date_latest": 1912, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 97.2 x 82.2 x 6.4 cm (38 1/4 x 32 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 80.3 x 65.4 cm (31 5/8 x 25 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.972, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.822, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.803, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.654, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"John Sloan -\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310260, "title": "American Cities: The Artist's View", "description": "<i>American Cities: The Artist's View</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 1989-January 7, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-10-17T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Group Exhibition</em>. MacDowell Club, New York, NY (17-29 April 1913); see Elzea, pp. 116 and 449.", "opening_date": "1913-04-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings and Etchings by John Sloan. </em>Kraushaar Galleries, New York, NY (19 March-7 April 1917); no. 11.", "opening_date": "1917-03-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by George Luks, Augustus Vincent Tack and John Sloan</em>. Wisconsin Art Institute, Milwaukee, WI (March 1918).", "opening_date": "1918-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Annual Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture by Members of the Club</em>. Whitney Studio Club, New York, NY (20 March-20 April 1921).", "opening_date": "1921-03-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Sculpture, Painting, and Crafts by Greenwich Village Artists</em>. Greenwich House, New York, NY (24 April-2 May 1922); no. 50; see Elzea's publication.", "opening_date": "1922-04-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>120th Annual Exhibition of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts</em>. Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, PA (8 February-29 March 1925); no. 236.", "opening_date": "1925-02-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Annual Exhibition of Recent American Paintings</em>. Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI (13 October-9 November 1925); no. 23.", "opening_date": "1925-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>John Sloan: Paintings, Etchings, and Drawings.</em> Wanamaker Galleries, New York, NY (4 November-? December 1939); traveled to Wanamaker Galleries, Philadelphia, PA (8-29 January 1940); no. 41.", "opening_date": "1940-01-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Then and Now</em>. Park Avenue Gallery, New York, NY (7-19 October 1940); see Elzea's publication.", "opening_date": "1940-10-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>John Sloan</em>. Martha White Memorial Gallery, Santa Fe, NM (15-29 August 1942); see Elzea's publication.", "opening_date": "1942-08-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>30th Annual Exhibition: Painters and Sculptors of the Southwest</em>. Museum of New Mexico, Santa Fe, NM (1 August-15 September 1943), cat. no. 173.", "opening_date": "1943-08-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>John Sloan: Paintings, Prints, Drawings</em>. Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (2 October 1981-3 January 1982); traveled to Decordova and Dana Museum and Park, Lincoln, MA (23 January-7 March 1982); to Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, MI (18 March-2 May 1982); to Elvehjem Museum of Art, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (12 June-1 August 1982); to Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH (11 September-24 October 1982); to Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (6 November 1982-2 January 1983), cat. no. 15, pp. 17-20, 22, 52-53, illus. p. 53.", "opening_date": "1982-01-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Cities: The Artist's View</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (17 October 1989-7 January 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>America in Art: Fifty Great Paintings Celebrating Fifty Years</em>. Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (6 June-11 August 1991) pp. 8-11, 98-99, illus. p. 99, no cat. no.", "opening_date": "1991-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Impressionism and Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915</em>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (2 May-24 July 1994); to Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (6 March-14 May 1995); pp. 286-291, illus. fig. no. 294.", "opening_date": "1994-05-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sold c. 1939-1940 to Amelia White, Santa Fe.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "According to John Sloan's diary, this painting was made in March 1912 at his apartment on East 22nd Street, New York.", "description": "Trained as a journalist, the young Sloan explored social issues more vigorously than most of the painters of his time, portraying working-class urbanites engaged in ordinary activities. He observed this particular scene through a rear window of his Manhattan apartment. Perched on a narrow fire escape, a woman hangs fresh laundry to dry on clotheslines strung between tenements. As evidenced by the painting, the labors of American women at the turn of the 1900s were most often confined to the domestic realm.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469154"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "John Butler Yeats, \"John Sloan's Exhibition,\" <em>The Seven Arts </em>2 (June 1917).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 259.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sloan, John. <em>Gist of Art . </em>New York: 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sloan, John. <em>John Sloan</em>. New York, NY: American Artists Group, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.45 (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooks, Van Wyck. <em>John Sloan: A Painter's Life</em>. London, United Kingdom: J.M. Dent &amp; Sons, Ltd., 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Image reproductions between pp.182-183", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review for 1964.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art (</em>December, 1964)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.264; Reproduced: p.251, n.87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sloan, John. <em>John Sloan's New York Scene from the Diaries, Notes, and Correspondence 1906-1913.</em> ed. Bruce St. John. New York, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.609", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cOn Our Cover\u2026,\u201d January 7, 1965, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1316"}, {"citation": "\"Reports of the Departments: Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t (June, 1965).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.143-144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t Cleveland: Press of Western Reserve University, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.191", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n215"}, {"citation": "Wade, Richard C., Howard B. Wilder, and Louise C. Wade.<em> A History of the United State</em>s. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.484", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Recent Acquisitions in the American Field.\" <em>Art in America</em> 54 (May-June, 1966).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.191", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n215"}, {"citation": "Time-Life Editors. <em>American Painting 1900-1970. </em>New York, NY: Time-Life Books, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.13; Reproduced: p.12", "url": null}, {"citation": "St. John, Bruce. <em>John Sloan.</em> New York, NY: Praeger Publishers, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n.39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Holcomb III, Grant. <em>A Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 of the Paintings of John Sloan. </em>Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Delaware, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.499-500; Reproduced: p.501", "url": null}, {"citation": "Price, Vincent. <em>The Vincent Price Treasury of American Art</em>. Waukesha, WI: Country Beautiful Corporation, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.16; Reproduced: p.17", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>(January, 1973).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sharp Young, Mahonri. <em>American Realists: Homer to Hopper.</em> New York, NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.161-162; Reproduced: p.168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward, and Celestine Dars. <em>Work and Struggle: The Painter As Witness 1870-1914</em>. New York, NY: Paddington Press; Distributed by Grosset &amp; Dunlap,1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n.198", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"American Landscapes... Scenes as Divergent as the Land Itself.\" <em>Arts and Activities</em> 82, no. 4 (December 1977).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.31; Reproduced: p.30", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.238", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n258"}, {"citation": "Hills, Patricia. \"John Sloan's Images of Working Class Women: A Case Study of the Roles and Interrelationships of Politics, Personality, and Patrons in the Development of Sloan's Art, 1905-16.\" <em>Prospect </em>5 (October 1980).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.175; Reproduced: p.214", "url": "https://www.academia.edu/37112545/_John_Sloans_Images_of_Working_Class_Women_A_Case_Study_of_the_Roles_and_Inter_Relationships_of_Politics_Personality_and_Patrons_in_the_Development_of_Sloans_Art_1905_1916_"}, {"citation": "Unger, Irwin. <em>These United States, The Question of Our Past. </em>Vol.<em> 2. </em>Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Co., 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.596", "url": null}, {"citation": "Silver, Adele Z. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Guide to the Galleries. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.84; Reproduced: p.85", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"In the Background: The Ashcan School.\" <em>The Great Artists, Their Lives, Works, and Inspiration: Hopper. </em>London: Marshall Cavendish Ltd., 1986. Vol.4, Part 88.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.2812", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elzea, Rowland. <em>John Sloan's Oil Paintings: A Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9. </em>Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp.115-116", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in The Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.224", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garraty, John A. <em>Story of America. </em>1994.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Amon Carter Museum. \"American Impressionists, American Realists: In Search of the New\". Educational video (April 1994).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Updike, John. \"Beyond the Picturesque.\"<em> The New York Review.</em> June 23,1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.21, 23; Reproduced: p.21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Loughery, John. <em>John Sloan: Painter and Rebel. </em>New York, NY: Henry Holt and Company, Inc., 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.347", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Elements of Literature, Grade 9. </em>New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.T203", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perlman, Bennard B.<em> American Artists, Authors, and Collectors: The Walter Pach Letters 1906-1958</em>. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.379", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bender, Thomas. <em>The Unfinished City: New York and the Metropolitan Idea</em>. New York, NY: The New Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.110-111; Reproduced: p.111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kramer, Karen and Alexandra Lerman.\"The Ballad of Greenwich Village.\"(New York, 2003?) independent documentary.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Foa, Emma. <em>Artists in Their Time: Edward Hopper</em>. New York, NY: Franklin Watts, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curry, David Park. <em>James Mcneill Whistler: Uneasy Pieces</em>. Richmond, VA: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in association with Quantuck Lane Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.85-86; Reproduced: p.86, n.3.25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Updike, John. <em>Still Looking: Essays on American Art.</em> New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.110,118; Reproduced: p.111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coyle, Heather Campbell and Joyce K. Schiller. <em>John Sloan's New York</em>. Wilmington, DE: Delaware Art Museum, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.92; Reproduced: p.94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"A Paramount Picture\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 01, January 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-01/page/8"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.111; Reproduced: p.110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pohl, Frances K.<em> Framing America: A Social History of American Art</em> . New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.336; Reproduced: p.336, n.6.19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dearinger, David B. <em>George Deem: The Art of Art History</em>. Boston, MA: The Boston Athenaeum, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Close Up.\" <em>The</em> <em>Plain Dealer,</em> September 23, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.E6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roehrl, Boris. <em>World History of Realism in Visual Arts, 1830-1990 </em>Hildesheim, Germany: Georg Olms Verlag, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.131-132; Reproduced: p.132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roehrl, Boris. <em>Realismus in der bildenden Kunst. Europa und Nordamerika 1830 bis 2000</em>. Berlin, Germany: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.79-80; Reproduced: p.80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griffin, Patrick.<em> America's Revolution</em>. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henretta, James A., Rebecca Edwards, and Robert O. Self. <em>America's History</em>. 7th ed. Boston, MA and New York, NY: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.583", "url": null}, {"citation": "Belasco, Susan and Link Johnson, eds. <em>The Bedford Anthology of American Literature: Beginnings to the Present</em>. Shorter Second Edition. Boston, MA and New York, NY: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.1131; Reproduced: p.1130", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 55", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Friese-Oertmann, Sabine. <em>Arbeiter in Malerei und Fotografie des 19. Jahrhunderts: Deutschland, Gro\u00dfbritannien, USA.</em> Berlin: Reimer, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p 200, Abb.135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slayton, Robert A. <em>Beauty in the City: The Ashcan Schoo</em>l. Albany, NY: Excelsior Editions, State University of New York Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.112-113; Reproduced: p.113, no.7.8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fagg, John.<em> Re-Envisioning the Everyday: American Genre Scenes, 1905-1945.</em> University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63-69, 76, 88; Reproduced: pl. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Custer, Lee Ann, \"The Clean, Open Air of John Sloan's Tenement Paintings,\" <em>American Art </em>37 (Summer 2023)", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 30-31, 40-46, 50; reproduced p. 40.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.160", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.160/1964.160_web.jpg", "width": "730", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1964.160_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.160/1964.160_print.jpg", "width": "2757", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1964.160_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.160/1964.160_full.tif", "width": "5462", "height": "6736", "filesize": "", "filename": "1964.160_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.160/1964.160_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "724", "height": "893", "filesize": "105508"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.160/1964.160_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2758", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5774826"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.160/1964.160_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4462", "height": "5500", "filesize": "73655260"}, "date_created": "2007-02-07T13:44:52", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Amelia Elizabeth White", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 140161, "creators": [{"id": 3285, "description": "John Sloan (American, 1871\u20131951)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1871", "death_year": "1951", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1912, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1912", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:06:55.714000"}, {"id": 125104, "accession_number": "1946.83", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Frieze of Dancers, c. 1895. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Oil on fabric; framed: 103 x 233.5 x 7 cm (40 9/16 x 91 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 70 x 200.5 cm (27 9/16 x 78 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1946.83", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Frieze of Dancers", "creation_date": "c. 1895", "creation_date_earliest": 1890, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 103 x 233.5 x 7 cm (40 9/16 x 91 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 70 x 200.5 cm (27 9/16 x 78 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.03, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 2.335, "width_inch": 91, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.7, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 2.005, "width_inch": 78, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in lower right: Degas\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355543, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Art is Long", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Art is Long</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 14-June 7, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360867, "title": "Masterpieces Recalled: Benefit for League for Emotionally Disturbed Children", "description": "<i>Masterpieces Recalled: Benefit for League for Emotionally Disturbed Children</i>. Rosenberg & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (February 6-March 2, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518812, "title": "\"Masterpieces\" Memorial Exhibition of Adele R. Levy", "description": "<i>\"Masterpieces\" Memorial Exhibition of Adele R. Levy</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (April 6-May 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 398992, "title": "Degas: Beyond Impressionism", "description": "<i>Degas: Beyond Impressionism</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago (September 28, 1996-January 12, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 224558, "title": "Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement", "description": "<i>Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 15-May 16, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 174875, "title": "Edgar Degas: A Strange New Beauty", "description": "<i>Edgar Degas: A Strange New Beauty</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 22-July 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2017</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Degas</em>. Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris, France (1937).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Honderd Jaar Fransche Kunst.</em> Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (October 1941-October 1942).", "opening_date": "1941-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Works by Edgar Degas</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 5 to March 9, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-02-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris, France, acquired from the artist and sold to Paul Cassier the same day)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "September 19,1904", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Paul Cassirer, Berlin Germany, sold to Max Liebermann)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "November 21, 1904", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Max Liebermann [1847-1935], Berlin, Germany, deposited to the Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1904-May 9, 1933", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1933-1935", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Kathe Riezler, Max Leibermann's daughter, [1885-1952] Berlin, Germany and New York, NY, by inheritance (on loan to the Art Institute of Chicago, October 1941-October 1942).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935-1946", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Paul Rosenberg & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1946", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ballet is a subject Degas returned to again and again over the course of his career. Rather than public performances, he often depicted dancers behind the curtain, practicing, waiting, or, as in this painting, lacing up their shoes.", "description": "This painting may depict a single dancer seen from four different viewpoints. The young woman is placed in an undefined setting, surrounded by mere wisps of color, applied so spontaneously that the paint ran and dripped. Degas even added the circles in the foreground with his thumb. Such audacity, while acceptable in a small sketch, must have shocked the artist's contemporaries when presented on a six-foot canvas. Equally radical is the idea of combining multiple views of a single figure. Degas's unusual presentation may have been inspired by the photographs of Eadweard Muybridge (1830-1904)", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515361"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.83-frieze-of-dancers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Meier-Graefe, Julius. <em>Degas: ein Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der modernen Malerei</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: R. Piper, 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frances, Henry S. \"Degas' Frieze of Dancers entitled Danseuses ajustant leurs chaussons.\" <em>Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXIII</em>, no. 6 (June, 1946) 87-94.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89-91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Report for the Year 1946.\" <em>Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXIVI</em>, no. 6 (June, 1947) 127-139.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Browse, Lillian. <em>Degas Dancers</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 115, p. 376", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Impressionists and Symbolists: Manet, Degas, Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, Renoir, Cezanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York, NY: Scribner, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41-42; Reproduced: fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Owned Paintings Will Go to France,\u201d April 20, 1955, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4556"}, {"citation": "Cabanne, Pierre. <em>Edgar Degas</em>. Paris: Editions Pierre Tisne\u0301, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 506", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n93"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n197"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Russoli, Franco and Fiorella Minervino. <em>L'opera completa di Degas</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 1093, Mentioned: p. 1893-1898", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hu\u0308ttinger, Eduard. <em>Degas</em>. New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 214", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n234"}, {"citation": "Ikegami, Chu\u0304ji Ikegami. <em>Doga</em>. Tokyo: K\u014ddansha, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 49; Mentioned: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roberts, Keith and Helen Langdon. <em>Degas</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vaizey, Marina. <em>The Artist As Photographer</em>. London: Sidgwick &amp; Jackson, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M. <em>Degas, the Dancers</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105-106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larson, Dean M. <em>Studying with the Masters: Lessons from Rubens, Vela\u0301zquez, Turner, Degas, Monet, Sargent, Matisse</em>. New York, NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. <em>Edgar Degas, Life and Work</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 183; Reproduced: p. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kendall, Richard. <em>Degas by Himself: Drawings, Prints, Paintings, Writings</em>. London: Macdonald Orbis, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 266-267", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>The Private Degas</em>. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 1987", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86-87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 99, no. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Loyrette, Henri. <em>Degas</em>. Paris: Fayard, 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eberle, Matthias. <em>Max Liebermann, 1847-1935: Werkverzeichnis der Gema\u0308lde und O\u0308lstudien.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 542", "url": null}, {"citation": "Natter, Tobias G.and Julius H. Schoeps. <em>Max Liebermann und die franzo\u0308sischen Impressionisten</em>. Du\u0308sseldorf: DuMont, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, 203-294; Mentioned, p. 224, 239, 240, 252", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bilski, Emily D. <em>Berlin Metropolis: Jews and the New Culture, 1890-1918</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 21, p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Louise d'Argencourt, Roger Diederen, Alisa Luxenberg, Patrick Noon, William H. Robinson, Ann Tzeutschler Lurie. <em>European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art 1999.", "page_number": "I:218-221.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, Susan Goldman. <em>Degas and the Dance: The Painter and the Petits Rats, Perfecting Their Art</em>. New York, NY: Harry Abrams, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burgess, Margaret, \"The Colorful Mr. Hanna\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 09, November 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-09/page/4"}, {"citation": "Rosenblum, Naomi. <em>A World History of Photography</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 255, fig. 301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Echte, Bernhard, and Petra Cordioli. <em>Kunstsalon Bruno &amp; Paul Cassirer: die Ausstellungen 1898-1901</em>. Wa\u0308denswil, Switzerland: Nimbus, Kunst und Bu\u0308cher, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol 5, p. 564-565", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kostenevich, A. G. <em>Impressionism: Sensation &amp; Inspiration: Highlights from the Hermitage</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Museumshop Hermitage Amsterdam, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 278-279", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>Art of the Actual: Naturalism and Style in Early Third Republic France, 1880-1900</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 243-245, fig. 178", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Faass, Martin, and Annegret Janda. <em>Verlorene Scha\u0308tze: die Kunstsammlung von Max Liebermann</em>. Berlin: Liebermann-Villa am Wannsee: Nicolai, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23; Reproduced: p. 131, fig. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 293", "url": ""}, {"citation": "DeVonyar, Jill. \"Frieze of Dancers.\" In <em>Degas: A Strange New Beauty. </em>Jodi Hauptman, 202-226. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202-203, fig. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bonafoux, Pascal. <em>Les 100 tableaux qui racontent Degas</em>. Vanves: Ch\u00eane, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170-171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barbe-Gall, Franc\u0327oise, and Edgar Degas. Pourquoi Degas est Degas. Paris: E\u0301ditions Le Deuxie\u0300me Horizon, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 84-85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>CAN Journal </em>(Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Degas, Edgar, Adriano Pedrosa, Fernando Oliva, and Sofia Borges. Degas: Dance, Politics and Society. 2021, 196-197.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 196-197, fig. 136.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kisiel, Marine. <em>La Peinture Impressionniste et la De\u0301coration</em>. Paris: Le Passage, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 228; Reproduced: P. 230-231, ill. 214", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cReconsidering Degas: Common themes in depicting women's labor.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>63, no. 4 (2023): 8-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-04/page/8/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.83", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.83/1946.83_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "314", "filesize": "96599", "filename": "1946.83_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.83/1946.83_print.jpg", "width": 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"gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 125104, "creators": [{"id": 1759, "description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1834", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-02-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1890, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1895", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:27:50.721000"}, {"id": 138464, "accession_number": "1962.37", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cupid and Psyche, 1817. Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825). Oil on canvas; framed: 221 x 282 x 10 cm (87 x 111 x 3 15/16 in.); unframed: 184.2 x 241.6 cm (72 1/2 x 95 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1962.37", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Cupid and Psyche", "creation_date": "1817", "creation_date_earliest": 1817, "creation_date_latest": 1817, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 221 x 282 x 10 cm (87 x 111 x 3 15/16 in.); Unframed: 184.2 x 241.6 cm (72 1/2 x 95 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.21, "height_inch": 87, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 2.82, "width_inch": 111, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.1, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.842, "height_inch": 72, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 2.416, "width_inch": 95, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in yellow in arm of the couch: L. David 1817 Bruxelles\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304705, "title": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif", "description": "<i>Neo-classicism: Style and Motif</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 23-October 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515708, "title": "Fifteenth Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>Fifteenth Anniversary Exhibition</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (November 4, 1965-January 2, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 455290, "title": "The Age of Neoclassicism", "description": "<i>The Age of Neoclassicism</i>. Arts Council of Great Britain (organizer) (September 7-November 19, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-09-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 223677, "title": "Jacques-Louis David: Empire to Exile", "description": "<i>Jacques-Louis David: Empire to Exile</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (February 1-April 24, 2005); Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, MA (organizer) (June 5-September 5, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180662, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin (first rotation)", "description": "<i>CMA @ Oberlin (first rotation)</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (January 31-April 3, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-01-31T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 673962, "title": "Jacques-Louis David", "description": "<i>Jacques-Louis David</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (October 15, 2025-January 26, 2026) https://www.louvre.fr/en/exhibitions-and-events/exhibitions/jacques-louis-david.", "opening_date": "2025-10-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "City Hall, Ghent, Belgium (1817). (According to Dowd 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Au profit des hospices de Sainte-Gudule et des Ursuline</em>s. Mus\u00e9e Royal de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium (1817). (See Wildenstein and Wildenstein 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Au profit des Grecs</em>. Galerie Lebrun, Paris, France (1826). (According to David, exh. cat., Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris, France (1948).", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gros, ses amis, ses \u00e9l\u00e8ves</em>. Petit Palais, Paris, France (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>David: Exposition en l'honneur du deuxi\u00e8me centenaire de sa naissance</em>. Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris, France (June-September, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-06-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Giovanni Battista Comte de Sommariva [1760-1826], his sale February 18-23, 1839, sold to Dubois.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1839", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Dubois, Paris, France, February 18-23, 1839, lot 1)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1839", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "James Alexandre Comte de Pourtal\u00e8s [1776-1855], Paris. France.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Pourtal\u00e8s-Gorgier sale, Paris, France, March 27, 1865 (lot 242), ff 1,450 sold to Madame de Furtado, 1880.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1880", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Madame de Furtado [1821-1896], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1880-?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "M. Eisenschitz ? (See distinguishing marks label)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Prince Murat by 1913. Princesse Murat. Murat sale, Palais Galli\u00e9ra, Paris, France, March 2, 1961 (lot 140), ff 245,000.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York, NY sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 162396, "description": "Cupid and Psyche, 1813. Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825). Gray wash and pen and black ink with white paint and traces of black chalk ; sheet: 16.7 x 22.4 cm (6 9/16 x 8 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 2002.91", "relationship": "based on"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jacques-Louis David included two butterflies in this painting: one above the slumbering Psyche and the other on the base of the couple's bed frame.", "description": "David used the story of Cupid and Psyche to explore the conflict between idealized love and physical reality. Cupid, lover of the beautiful mortal Psyche, visited her nightly on the condition that she not know his identity. Cupid was usually depicted as an ideal adolescent, but here David presents him as an ungainly teenager smirking at his sexual conquest. David took inspiration from a number of ancient texts, including an obscure, recently published Greek poem by Moschus that describes Cupid as a mean-spirited brat with flashing eyes and curly hair.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3201883"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.37-cupid-and-psyche"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dibdin, Thomas Frognall, William Bulmer, William Nicol, R. H. Evans, Robert Triphook, and John Major. <em>A Bibliographical, Antiquarian and Picturesque Tour in France and Germany</em>. 1821.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 309-310", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blanc, Charles and Adolphe Narcisse Thibaudeau. <em>Le tre\u0301sor de la curiosite\u0301, tire\u0301 des catalogues de vente de tableaux, dessins, estampes, livres, marbres, bronzes, ivoires, terres cuites, vitraux, me\u0301dailles, armes, precelaines, meubles, e\u0301maux, laques et autres objets d'art</em>. Paris: Ve J. Renouard, 1857.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 437", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenthal, Le\u0301on. Louis David. Paris: Librairie de l'art ancien et moderne, 1904.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139-140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Petit Palais. <em>Exposition David et ses e\u0301le\u0300ves, 7 avril-9 juin, 1913, Palais des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris</em>. Paris: Impr. G. Petit, 1913.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gallatin, James. <em>A Great Peace Maker; The Diary of James Gallatin, Secretary to Albert Gallatin, 1813-1827</em>. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64; Reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cantinelli, R. <em>Jacques-Louis David, 1748-1825</em>. Paris: Editions G. van Oest, 1930.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Escholier, Raymond and Germaine Barnaud. <em>Gros, ses amis et ses e\u0301le\u0300ves</em>. Paris: Petit Palais, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kolma, Klaus. <em>David, son evolution et son style</em>. Paris: P. Lejay, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94-95; Reproduced: p. 129, no. 149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maret, Jacques. <em>David</em>. Monaco: Documents d'Art, 1943", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16; Reproduced: p. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maurois, Andre\u0301 and Franc\u0327oise Gaston-Che\u0301rau. <em>J.-L. David</em>. Paris: E\u0301ditions du Dimanche, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Florisoone, Michel. <em>David: exposition en l'honneur du deuxie\u0300me centenaire de sa naissance</em>. Paris: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Charpentier. <em>Figures nues d'e\u0301cloe franc\u0327aise; depuis les ma\u00eetres de Fontainebleau</em>: Paris: 1953.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d June 13, 1962, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0964"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Jacques Louis David 'Cupid and Psyche'.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>vol. L (1963): 29-34.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n188"}, {"citation": "<em>Fiftieth Anniversary Exhibition, 1915-1965. November 4, 1965-January 2, 1966. </em>Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n188"}, {"citation": "Council of Europe, Royal Academy of Arts, Victoria and Albert Museum, and Arts Council of Great Britain. <em>The Age of Neo-Classicism </em>(catalogue of exhibition at the Royal Academy of Arts and the V&amp;A Museum). London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Verbraeken, Rene\u0301. <em>Jacques-Louis David juge\u0301 par ses contemporains et par la poste\u0301rite\u0301. Suivi de la liste des tableaux dont l'authenticite\u0301 est garantie par les e\u0301crits de l'artiste, des documents de son e\u0301poque, ou par leur appartenance a\u0300 ses descendants</em>. Paris: L. Laget, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29,105-106,184; Reproduced: p. 186, pl. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Praz, Mario. <em>Gusto neoclassico</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18, 123; Reproduced: p. 255, pl. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heim Gallery. <em>Exhibition of French Drawings: Neo-Classicism</em>. London: Heim Gallery, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n222"}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \"The Man Who Wrote to David.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 8 (1980): 256-74.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 263-264", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159691"}, {"citation": "Lawrence, Mary. <em>Lovers: 100 Works of Art Celebrating Romantic Love, with Commentaries by the Distinguished and the Great</em>. New York, NY: A &amp; W Publishers, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144-145; Reproduced: p. 145", "url": null}, {"citation": "Louise d'Argencourt, Roger Diederen, Alisa Luxenberg, Patrick Noon, William H. Robinson, Ann Tzeutschler Lurie. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P:194-202, Vol. I, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laveissie\u0300re, Sylvain and Philippe Bordes. <em>Pierre-Paul Prud'hon: actes du colloque organise\u0301 au Muse\u0301e du Louvre par le Service culturel, le 17 novembre 1997</em>. Paris: Documentation franc\u0327aise, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. <em>Knockouts: a pocket guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 44, p. 46 - 47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cavicchioli, Sonia. <em>The Tale of Cupid and Psyche: An Illustrated History</em>. New York, NY: George Braziller, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209, fig.148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baur, Eva Gesine. <em>Meisterwerke der erotischen Kunst</em>. Cologne: Dumont, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73, fig.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Greer, Germainer. <em>The Beautiful Boy</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delaporte, Franc\u0327ois. <em>Anatomie des passions</em>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pinelli, Antonio. <em>David</em>. Milan: 5 Continents, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bordes, Philippe. <em>Jacques-Louis David: Empire to Exile</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 231-232; Reproduced: no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre. <em>Ru\u0304vuru Bijutsukan ten: 19-seiki Furansu kaiga : shin koten shugi kara roman shugi e </em>(Louvre: chefs-d'\u0153uvre de la peinture franc\u0327aise du XIXe\u0300me sie\u0300cle dans les collections du Louvre). Tokyo: Nihon Terebi Ho\u0304so\u0304mo\u0304, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, NY: Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64-69; no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Holm, Christiane. <em>Amor und Psyche: die Erfindung eines Mythos in Kunst, Wissenschaft und Alltagskultur (1765-1840)</em>. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20-21,115-116,192-194,251,159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carrier, David. <em>Museum Skepticism: A History of the Display of Art in Public Galleries</em>. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, fig.11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Dorothy. <em>Jacques-Louis David: New Perspectives</em>. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, pl. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lampe, Issa. <em>Painting History Ex Patria: Empire, Exile and Memory in the Late Narrative Paintings of Jacques-Louis David (1817-1824)</em>. Ph.D. diss., Harvard University, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Channing, Laurence, \"Personal and Professional\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 10, December 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-10/page/4"}, {"citation": "Ledbury, Mark. <em>David After David: Essays on the Later Work</em>. Williamstown, MA: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Allard, Se\u0301bastien and Marie-Claude Chaudonneret. <em>Le suicide de Gros: les peintres de l'Empire et la ge\u0301ne\u0301ration romantique</em>. Paris: Gourcuff Gradenigo, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Dorothy. <em>David to Delacroix: The Rise of Romantic Mythology</em>. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Allard, Se\u0301bastien, Nadeije Laneyrie-Dagen, and Emmanuel Pernoud. <em>L'enfant dans la peinture</em>. Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 248-249; Reproduced: p. 249", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leniaud, Jean-Michel. <em>Napole\u0301on et les arts</em>. Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 402", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland:Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 226-227", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pomare\u0300de, Vincent, Valeria Merlini, and Daniela Storti. <em>Cupid and Psyche</em>. Soveria Mannelli, Italy: Rubbettino Editore, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cogeval, Guy. <em>Masculin masculin: l'homme nu dans l'art de 1800 a\u0300 nos jours</em>. Paris: Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fried, Michael. <em>Another Light: Jacques-Louis David to Thomas Demand. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 287", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Langer, Laurent. \"James de Pourtales. Collectionneur de tableaux contemporains.\" In <em>Kunst &amp; Karriere: ein Kaleidoskop des Kunstbetriebs.</em> Ed. by Ba\u0308tschmann, Oskar, and Regula Kra\u0308henbu\u0308hl, 139-154. Zu\u0308rich: Schweizerisches Institut fu\u0308r Kunstwissenschaft, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "LeValley, Paul. Art Follows Nature: A Worldwide History of the Nude. <br>[Kissimmee, FL] : [Paul LeValley]; 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 157", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guichard, Charlotte. <em>La griffe du peintre: la valeur de l'art (1730-1820).</em> Paris: \u00c9ditions du Seuil, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 250-251, fig.75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. \"David e Caravaggio.\" In <em>David E Caravaggio: La Crudelta\u0300 Della Natura, Il Profumo Dell\u2019ideale. </em>Fernando Mazzocca, ed., 13-40. Milano: Edizioni Gallerie d\u2019Italia: Skira, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 36-37, figs. 29-30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M. and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" CAN Journal (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "David, Jacques Louis, and Perrin Stein. <em>Jacques Louis David: Radical Draftsman.</em> 2022, 245.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 245, fig. 140.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "De\u0301cimo, Marc. <em>E\u0301tant Donne\u0301 Marcel Duchamp: Palimpseste d'Une Oeuvre</em>. Dijon: Les Presses du re\u0301el, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 207, fig. 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Joseph, Wassil. <em>Franc\u0327ois Rude (1784-1855): Le Souffle Romantique.</em> Paris: Arthena, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 470, fig. 313", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Allard, Sebastien, ed. <em>Jacques-Louis David.</em> Paris: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 267; Reproduced: p. 270-271, fig. 160, p. 200, fig. 111", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gobet, Aude.\u201cL'Exil \u00e0 Bruxelles.\u201d <em>Dossiers de l'Art</em> n. 332 (October 2025): 66-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, 70, 71 ; Reproduced: p. 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gobet, Aude. \u201cJacques-Louis David: du chevalet \u00e0 l'ar\u00e8ne politique.\" <em>L\u2019Estampille, L\u2019objet d\u2019Art</em>, n. 628 (December 2025): 52.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 52", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.37", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.37/1962.37_web.jpg", "width": "1180", "height": "893", "filesize": "695293", "filename": "1962.37_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.37/1962.37_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2574", "filesize": "5203435", "filename": "1962.37_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.37/1962.37_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3785", "filesize": "56804216", "filename": "1962.37_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 138464, "creators": [{"id": 1643, "description": "Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The founder and leading painter of the neoclassical movement in France, Jacques-Louis David was born in Paris to a prosperous family of artists and archi-tects. In 1766 he entered the Acad\u00e9mie Royale as the pupil of Joseph-Marie Vien (1716-1809). After several failed attempts, David won the Prix de Rome in 1774. The following year he left for Italy, where he studied antique art and envisioned replacing the frivolity of the rococo with an art of grandeur, simplicity, and moral virtue. After returning to Paris in 1780, he established his reputa-tion with three spectacular successes at the Salon: The Oath of the Horatii (1785, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), The Death of Socrates (1787, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), and The Lictors Bring-ing Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (1789, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). Widely interpreted as moral parables for contemporary political events, these archetypes of neoclassical aesthetics set the standard for academic painting of the next century. In the 1790s David joined the radical Jacobin Club and played an active role in the French Revolution. He allied himself with Robespierre, served a short term as president of the Convention, and voted for the execution of Louis XVI. He also placed his artistic talents at the service of the Revolution by creating paintings that glorified its martyrs and by organizing public festivals that celebrated the new political order. As the most prominent artist in the revolutionary ranks, he led the attack against the Acad\u00e9mie Royale that culminated in its abolish-ment in 1793. When the excesses of the Reign of Terror precipitated the fall of Robespierre in 1794, David was imprison-ed but spared execution. Authorities released him the following year due to ill health. Around 1798 David developed a new alliance with the brilliant young general of the Directory, Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte. David's painting The Intervention of the Sabine Women (1799, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris) coalesced perfectly with Napoleonic propaganda urging national reconciliation. After the coup d'\u00e9tat of 1799, Napol\u00e9on was named first consul and began supplying David with important commissions. Upon Napol\u00e9on's coronation in 1804, David was appointed first painter to the emperor. David's monumental painting The Coronation of Napol\u00e9on, or Le Sacre (1805-7, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), introduced a less spartan, more colorful and emotive style. However, as seen in his life-size portrait Napol\u00e9on in His Study (1812, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), David increasingly searched to balance this new heroic-romanticism with an exacting realism. In 1816, following Napol\u00e9on's defeat at Waterloo and the restoration of the monarchy, David went into exile in Belgium. He spent the last nine years of his life in Brussels, painting mostly mythological subjects and portraits. David died of a stroke in 1825 and was denied burial in France.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-02-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1817, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1817", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.963000"}, {"id": 122349, "accession_number": "1942.645", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of the Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke, c. 1761. Joshua Reynolds (British, 1723\u20131792). Oil on canvas; framed: 224.5 x 201.3 x 11.4 cm (88 3/8 x 79 1/4 x 4 1/2 in.); unframed: 196 x 170 cm (77 3/16 x 66 15/16 in.); former: 223.5 x 198 x 9 cm (88 x 77 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.645", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of the Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke", "creation_date": "c. 1761", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1766, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 224.5 x 201.3 x 11.4 cm (88 3/8 x 79 1/4 x 4 1/2 in.); Unframed: 196 x 170 cm (77 3/16 x 66 15/16 in.); Former: 223.5 x 198 x 9 cm (88 x 77 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.245, "height_inch": 88, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 2.013, "width_inch": 79, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.114, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 1.96, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.7, "width_inch": 66, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "former": {"height": 2.235, "height_inch": 88, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.98, "width_inch": 77, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 706840, "title": "Anglo-Saxon Tradition", "description": "<i>Anglo-Saxon Tradition</i>. Kenyon College, Gambier, OH (October 1-15, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-10-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442098, "title": "Sir Joshua Reynolds", "description": "<i>Sir Joshua Reynolds</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 16-March 31, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 181714, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation)", "description": "<i>CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation)</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (April 3-June 5, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "British Institution, London, United Kingdom (1813).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Suffolk Street, London, United Kingdom (1833).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Family Portraits</em>,Royal Academy, Burlington House, London, United Kingdom (1875).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Old Masters Exhibition</em>, Grafton Gallery, London, United Kingdom (1895).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Second National Exhibition, Woman and Child in Art</em>, London, United Kingdom (1913-1914).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland Museum of Art (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston, later Second Earl of Hardwicke [1720-1790], St. James Square, London, by descent to his daughter Amabel Yorke, later Hume-Campbell, 1st Countess de Grey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1761-1790", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Amabel Hume-Campbell, 1st Countess de Grey [1751-1833], by descent to her great niece Anne Florence de Grey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1790-1833", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Anne Florence de Grey, Baroness Lucas [died 1880], by descent to her son, Francis Thomas de Grey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1833-1880", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Francis Thomas de Grey, Seventh Earl Cowper, Seventh Baron Lucas and Tenth Baron Dingwall [1834-1905], by descent to his nephew Auberon Thomas Herbert", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1880-1905", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Auberon Thomas Herbert, Eighth Baron Lucas and Eleventh Baron Dingwall [1876-1916], by descent to his sister Nan Ino Cooper", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1905-1916", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Nan Ino Cooper, Ninth Baroness Lucas and Twelfth Baroness Dingwall [1880-1958], consigned to sale at Christie's London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-1922", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Christies\u2019s, London, May 26, 1922, lot 78)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1922", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Agnew, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "John L. Severance, Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 154630, "description": "The Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke, c. 1761. Edward Fisher (British, 1722\u20131785), after Joshua Reynolds (British, 1723\u20131792). Mezzotint; image: 41.7 x 36.3 cm (16 7/16 x 14 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Severance A. Millikin 1989.236", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Her family affectionately referred to Mary Jemima (at right) as \"Mouse.\"", "description": "Sisters Amabel (left) and Mary Jemima are shown playing on the grounds of their family\u2019s country estate outside London. They wear loose, flowing garments invented specifically for the portrait rather than their usual outdoor dresses. Their father commissioned the painting to hang in the family\u2019s city home in London\u2019s St. James Square and it highlights their status as landowners. Joshua Reynolds painted this portrait after his return from Italy, where his studies inspired him to incorporate classical references. The famous ancient Roman <em>Statue of a Girl with a Dove </em>is echoed in Mary Jemima\u2019s pose as she shields a dove from the family dog.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514841"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.645-portrait-of-the-ladi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cotton, W., and John Burnet. <em>Sir Joshua Reynolds and His Works</em>. London, 1856.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, Clarence. <em>Art and Artists of Our Time</em>. New York, NY: Selmar Hess, 1888.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37; Mentioned: p. 37-38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon, and William Vine Cronin. <em>A History of the Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds</em>. [With Plates.]. London: H. Graves &amp; Co, 1899.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 1084", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Walter. <em>Sir Joshua Reynolds, First President of the Royal Academy</em>. London, United Kingdom: W. Heinemann, 1900.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bryan, Michael, and George Charles Williamson. <em>Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers</em>. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1903.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baldry, A. L. <em>Sir Joshua Reynolds</em>. London: George Newnes, 1905.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. xxxii", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813-1912</em>. London, United Kingdom: Graves, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pgs. 1020, 1041, 1054, 1085, 1091, vol. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"American Art News, Vol. 20, No. 31.\" <em>American Art News</em> 20, no. 31 (May 13, 1922): 1-10.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25589970."}, {"citation": "Marillier, H. C. <em>\"Christie's\" 1766 to 1925</em>. London: Constable &amp; Company, Ltd, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toynbee, Paget. \"Horace Walpole's Journals of Visits to Country Seats, etc.\" <em>The Walpole Society</em>, XVI (1927--28)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. <em>Reynolds</em>. London, United Kingdom: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner &amp; Co, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117; Reproduced: p. 121, pl. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [18], Plate VI, cat. no. 14; Mentioned: p. 22, cat. no. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXIX</em>, no. 9 (November, 1942):131-136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133; Mentioned: p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richard, Edgar P. \"Recent Acquisitions: Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke, by Reynolds.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>VI, no. 2 (Spring 1943): 146-149.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 146-149", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. <em>John Singleton Copley</em>. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32, 132; Reproduced: pl. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Thomas Gainsborough: George Pitt, First Lord Rivers.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LVIII</em>, no. 11 (November, 1971): 258-268.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 234-235, vol. II; Reproduced: no. 14, XLVII", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 469", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n86"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argan, Giulio Carlo. \"Reynolds.\" In <em>Encyclopedia of World Art</em>. Bernard S. Myers, ed., 202-207. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gimpel, Rene\u0301. <em>Journal d'un collectionneur, marchand de tableaux</em>. [Paris]: Calmann-Le\u0301vy, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 236", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cormack, Malcolm, \"The Ledgers of Sir Joshua Reynolds.\" <em>The Walpole Society</em>, XLII (1968-70)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Hamilton, Edward. <em>The Engraved Works, of Sir Joshua Reynolds; A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Engravings Made After His Paintings from 1755-1822, with Descriptions of the States of Each Plate, Biographical Sketches of the Persons Represented, a List of Pictures Which Have Been Engraved, Names of the Possessors, and Other Particulars</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: G.W. Hissink, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. <em>Reynolds</em>. New York, NY: Phaidon; [distributed by Praeger], 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 210-212; Reproduced: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. <em>John Singleton Copley</em>. New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Pl. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kirsh, Andrea, and Rustin S. Levenson. <em>Seeing Through Paintings: Physical Examination in Art Historical Studies</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167, no. 174", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wiles, Stephanie, \"British Invasion\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 04, April 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-04/page/8"}, {"citation": "Humfrey, Peter. \"The Picture Collection of the 2nd Earl de Gray at 4 St Jame's Square, London.\" <em>Artibus et Historiae : An Art Anthology</em> 90 (2024): 179-228.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 197, 201, 211, 214, 218, 219; Reproduced: p. 200, fig. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Humfrey, Peter.<em> Regency Collectors: Buying and Displaying Old Masters in Early Nineteenth-Century England.</em> London: Ad Ilissvm, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 55-57, fig. 2.10", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.645", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_web.jpg", "width": "777", "height": "893", "filesize": "480021", "filename": "1942.645_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_print.jpg", "width": "2960", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6549504", "filename": "1942.645_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_full.tif", "width": "4788", "height": "5500", "filesize": "79035068", "filename": "1942.645_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "788", "height": "893", "filesize": "527818"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3000", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6475509"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3552", "height": "4026", "filesize": "42943624"}, "date_created": "2009-12-01T16:45:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "782", "height": "893", "filesize": "564869"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2469", "height": "2820", "filesize": "4814434"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.645/1942.645_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2469", "height": "2820", "filesize": "20930684"}, "date_created": "2007-11-26T00:00:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 122349, "creators": [{"id": 2541, "description": "Joshua Reynolds (British, 1723\u20131792)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1723", "death_year": "1792", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1756, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1761", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Ladies Amabel and Mary Jemima Yorke"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.461000"}, {"id": 109245, "accession_number": "1927.393", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Elizabeth Shewell West and Her Son, Raphael, c. 1770. Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820). Oil on canvas; framed: 88 x 87.5 x 9 cm (34 5/8 x 34 7/16 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 66.5 x 66.3 cm (26 3/16 x 26 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles W. Harkness Gift, 1927.393", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Elizabeth Shewell West and Her Son, Raphael", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 88 x 87.5 x 9 cm (34 5/8 x 34 7/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 66.5 x 66.3 cm (26 3/16 x 26 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.88, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.875, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.665, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.663, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515741, "title": "The American Portrait", "description": "<i>The American Portrait</i>. Westmoreland Museum of American Art, Greensburg, PA (organizer) (September 14-October 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 516052, "title": "American Masters", "description": "<i>American Masters</i>. Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, Kalamazoo, MI (organizer) (September 14-October 19, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180609, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits", "description": "<i>CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29-December 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, The Royal Academy of Arts, (1770), see Algernon Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts: A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from its Foundation in 1769 to 1904 p. 212, no. 198.", "opening_date": "1904-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibtion of The Cleveland Museum of Art; The Official Great Lakes Exposition (26 January-4 October 1936), no. 53, p. 30.", "opening_date": "1936-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Museum of Art, Benjamin West 1738-1820 (1938), cat. no. 18, not illus.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron, Akron Art Institute, 40 American Painters: A Survey of American Painting from Colonial to Modern Times, fo the Opening of the Institute (December, 1945), illus. cat. no. 2.", "opening_date": "1945-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Charlotte, NC, Mint Museum of Art, 10th Anniversary Exhibition (October, 1946), cat. no. 12, not illus.", "opening_date": "1946-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dayton, Dayton Art Institute, The Artist and His Family (3 March-April, 1950), cat. no. 38.", "opening_date": "1950-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Style, Truth, and the Portrait (1 October-10 November 1963) cat. no. 46, illus.", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Greensburg, PA, The Westmoreland Country Museum of Art, The American Portrait (19 September-31 October 1965)", "opening_date": "1965-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kalamazoo, MI, Kalamazoo Art Center, Paintings by American Masters: Fifth Anniversary Exhibition (14 September-19 October 1966), illus. p. 6.", "opening_date": "1966-09-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edward S. Harkness [1874-1940], New York, NY, to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-1927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, by bequest to her brother-in-law Edward S. Harkness", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Mary Warden Harkness's will states: \u201cI give and bequeath to my husband\u2019s brother, Edward S. Harkness, the paintings described as follows, for his life, and upon his death I give and bequeath the same to the Art Museum of Cleveland, at Cleveland, Ohio, to be known as The Charles W. Harkness Gift.\u201d</div>"], "date": "1916", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Charles W. Harkness [1860-1916], New York, NY, by bequest to his wife Mary Warden Harkness1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The Knoedler inventory cards document the sale of the painting (stock no. F 411) to Harkness in November 1911.</div>"], "date": "1911-1916", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, sold to Charles W. Harkness)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1911", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Henry J. Pfungst [1844-1917], Cleveland Square, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Castle Smith, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1909", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Grandson of Benjamin West, Jr., to his widow", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Probably 1848-", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Benjamin West, Jr. [1772-1848], to his grandson", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1820-by 1848", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Benjamin West [1738-1820], London, to his son, Benjamin West, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1770-1820", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Born in colonial America, West eventually became a court painter to George III of England.", "description": "West was the first American artist to study in Italy, where he spent three years before permanently settling in London. He so admired the artistic ideals of the Italian Renaissance master Raphael that he named his eldest son after him, and he imitated Raphael\u2019s celebrated Madonna of the Chair when composing this tender double portrait of his wife and child.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513099"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.393-elizabeth-shewell-we"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Bequests of Mary Warden Harkness,\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 15 (February 1928): 43-50.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Benjamin West, Series IV. Inventory cards, 1859-1971, M. Knoedler &amp; Co. Records, box 127, Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Connoisseur</em> (Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Connoisseur</em> (Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Connoisseur</em> (Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Connoisseur </em>(Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Connoisseur </em>(Feb. 1909): 115", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "W.M.B. Berger Charitable Trust, and Denver Art Museum. 600 Years of British Painting : The Berger Collection. Denver, [Chailey]: Denver Art Museum ; [Vine House] (distributor), 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 272.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n21"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 532", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n98"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n218"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42 - 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>Director's Choice: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 49; reproduced, front cover (detail) and p. 48.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Klein, Shana. \"Bound and Boarded: Policing Native Motherhood in US Art and Culture.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 106, n. 2 (June 2024): 119-143.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 124, fig. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.393", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.393/1927.393_web.jpg", "width": "890", "height": "893", "filesize": "515554", "filename": "1927.393_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.393/1927.393_print.jpg", "width": "3387", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6602921", "filename": "1927.393_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.393/1927.393_full.tif", "width": "3626", "height": "3640", "filesize": "39621584", "filename": "1927.393_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Charles W. Harkness Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 109245, "creators": [{"id": 2553, "description": "Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. West with Raphael West", "Mrs. West and Her Son Raphael"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:50:14.801000"}, {"id": 160885, "accession_number": "1999.173", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Tieleman Roosterman, 1634. Frans Hals (Dutch, c. 1581\u20131666). Oil on canvas; framed: 139 x 109 x 5.5 cm (54 3/4 x 42 15/16 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 117 x 87 cm (46 1/16 x 34 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1999.173", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Portrait of Tieleman Roosterman", "creation_date": "1634", "creation_date_earliest": 1634, "creation_date_latest": 1634, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 139 x 109 x 5.5 cm (54 3/4 x 42 15/16 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 117 x 87 cm (46 1/16 x 34 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.39, "height_inch": 54, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.09, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.055, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "unframed": {"height": 1.17, "height_inch": 46, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.87, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed at upper right: \u00c6TAT SV\u00c6 36 / AN\u00b0 1634\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 360311, "title": "Frans Hals: The Male Portraits", "description": "<i>Frans Hals: The Male Portraits</i>. The Wallace Collection, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 22, 2021-January 30, 2022) https://www.wallacecollection.org/art/exhibitions-displays/frans-hals-the-male-portrait/.", "opening_date": "2021-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360319, "title": "Frans Hals", "description": "<i>Frans Hals</i>. National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 30, 2023-January 21, 2024) https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/the-credit-suisse-exhibition-frans-hals; Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (February 15-June 9, 2024); Gem\u00e4ldegalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany (July 12-November 3, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria (from 1947 - 1999).", "opening_date": "1947-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Art Treasures from the Vienna Collections.</em> National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY; Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL; and the M. H. De Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, CA (1949-1950).", "opening_date": "1949-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Holl\u00e4nder des 17. Jahrhunderts</em>. Kusnthaus, Zurich, Switzerland (November 4 - December 20, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-11-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Mostra di Pittura Olandese del Seicento.</em> Palazzo della Esposizione, Rome, Italy (January 4 - February 14, 1954); Palazzo Reale, Milan, Italy (February 25 - April 25, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Frans Hals</em>. Frans Halsmuseum, Haarlem, Netherlands (1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Restaurierte Gem\u00e4lde, Die Restaurierwerkst\u00e4tte der Gem\u00e4ldegalerie des Kunsthistorischen Museums</em>.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria (October 16, 1996 - February 2, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-10-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Friedrich Jacob Gsell (b. 1811 or 1812 in Bischofweiler [Alsace], settled in Vienna circa 1850, died 1871)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "probably by 1866", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "([Georg Plach] K\u00fcnstlerhause, Vienna, Friedrich Jacob Gsell sale, March 14, 1872 (and successive days), lot 40 [\"Ein Bravourst\u00fcck des genialen Meisters\"; sold for 15,200 fl. to Plach, probably on behalf of Baron Anselm von Rothschild).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1872", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Baron Anselm Mayer von Rothschild (1803-1874), Vienna (inv. no. AR866)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1872 - 1874", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Baron Albert von Rothschild (1844-1911), Vienna", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1874 - 1911", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Baron Alphonse von Rothschild (1878-1942), Vienna", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1911 - 1938", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "In the possession of the Nazis. Stored initially at Kremsm\u00fcnster (?); intended for the Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "from 1938", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "While in the possession of the Nazis, moved from Kremsm\u00fcnster to the salt mines at Alt Aussee, where it was stored until released to the Austrian government in May 1946.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1944 - May 1946", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Recovered by Alphonse von Rothschild's widow, Clarice von Rothschild (1894-1967), and \"donated\" by her for display at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna (inv. no. 9009)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1947 - 1999", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Restituted to the Heirs of Barons Alphonse and Louis von Rothschild", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, Heirs of the Barons Alphonse and Louis von Rothschild sale, July 8, 1999, no. 219, to the Cleveland Museum of Art.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999 -", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1999-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Roosterman may have ordered this portrait--and one of his wife--to commemorate their wedding in 1631.", "description": "An extremely wealthy linen and silk merchant in Haarlem, Tieleman Roosterman was 36 years old when Frans Hals painted his portrait. Unlike many Dutch painters of the period, Hals favored strong, visible brushstrokes that convey the vitality of his sitters. Roosterman strikes a confident pose, his costume sober but luxurious: his sleeves are decorated with braid and buttons, and ribbon rosettes encircle the waist of his doublet. The rich black of his suit is offset by the broad linen collar and lace-edged cuffs\u2014fashionable details befitting a successful cloth merchant.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17861783"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.173-portrait-of-tieleman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Waagen, Gustav Friedrich. Die vornehmsten Kunstdenkma\u0308ler in Wien. Wien: W. Braumu\u0308ller, 1866.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 318", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bode, WIlhelm von. \"Die Galerie Gsell in Wien.\" <em>Zeitschrift f\u00fcr bildenden K\u00fcnst </em>7 (1872), 181-186.<br><em><br></em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bode, Wilhelm von. <em>Studien zur Geschichte der holla\u0308ndischen Malerei</em>. Braunschweig: F. Vieweg und Sohn, 1883.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89, under no. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moes, E. W., and Jean de Bosche\u0300re. <em>Frans Hals, sa vie et son \u0153uvre</em>. Brussels: G. van Oest &amp; Cie., 1909.", "page_number": "No. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, C. P. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century</em>. 8 vols Translated and edited by Edward G. Hawke. London: Macmillan and Co, 1907-1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 3 (1910), p. 104 no. 354", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frimmel, Theodor von. <em>Lexikon der Wiener Gema\u0308ldesammlungen</em>. Munich: G. Mu\u0308ller, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol.1, p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Plan for Loot: Blue-Prints for a New 'House of German Art.' How Hitler Intended to Dispose of the 'Purchased' Rothschild Collections.\" <em>The Illustrated London News</em> 207, no. 5542 (July 7, 1945), 24-25.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baldass, Ludwig. \"Two Male Portraits by Frans Hals.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>93 (1951), 181-182.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 181-2; reproduced: fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Recent Acquisitions by the Kunsthistorischen Museum, Vienna: Three Portraits.\" <em>The Connoisseur</em> 134 (July-December 1954), 34", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Frans Hals: Exhibition on the Occasion of the Centenary of the Municipal Museum at Haarlem, 1862-1962</em>. Introduction by H. P. Baard. Exh. cat. Haarlem: Frans Hals Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52; Reproduced: fig. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heinz, G., and Friderike Klauner. <em>Katalog der Gem\u00e4ldegalerie II / Vlamen, Holl\u00e4nder, Deutsche, Franzosen</em>. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: n.p., no. 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slive, Seymour.<em> Frans Hals</em>. 3 vols London: Phaidon, 1970-1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 115-116, vol. 3, p. 54 no. 93; Reproduced: vol. 2 pl. 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grimm, Claus. <em>Frans Hals: Entwicklung, Werkanalyse, Gesamtkatalog</em>. Berlin: Mann, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 202, no.67; REproduced: fig. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Demus, Klaus. <em>Katalog der Gema\u0308ldegalerie: Holla\u0308ndische Meister des 15., 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts</em>. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grimm, Claus, and E. C. Montagni. <em>L'Opera completa di Frans Hals</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 96-97 no. 90; Reproduced: pl. XXXIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grimm, Claus. <em>Frans Hals: das Gesamtwerk</em>. Stuttgart: Belser, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 189, 281; Reproduced: no. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Biesboer, Pieter. \"The Burghers of Haarlem and their Portrait Painters.\" In <em>Frans Hals</em>, 23-44. Seymour Slive et al. Exh. cat. London: Royal Academy of Arts in association with Ludion, Brussels, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33; Reproduced: p. 32, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Du Mortier, Bianca M. \"Costume in Frans Hals.\" In <em>Frans Hals</em>, 45-60. Seymour Slive et al. Exh. cat. London: Royal Academy of Arts in association with Ludion, Brussels, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Groen, Karin, and Ella Hendriks. \"Frans Hals: A Technical Examination.\" In <em>Frans Hals</em>, 109-128. Seymour Slive et al. Exh. cat. London: Royal Academy of Arts in association with Ludion, Brussels, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 119, 121, 124, 127; Reproduced: p. 126, pl. VIIIy (cross-section)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grimm, Claus. <em>Frans Hals: the complete work</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 139, 281; Reproduced: no. 76:", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brandsta\u0308tter, C. <em>Die Gema\u0308ldegalerie des Kunsthistorischen Museums in Wien: Verzeichnis der Gema\u0308lde</em>. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 65, no. 9009; Reproduced: fig. 507", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rozenberg, Silvia, and Rivka Weiss-Blok. <em>Myth and Power: Masterpieces from Imperial Vienna, on Loan from the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Wien</em>. Jerusalem: Israel Museum, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 68, fig. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien. <em>Restaurierte Gema\u0308lde: die Restaurierwerksta\u0308tte der Gema\u0308ldegalerie des Kunsthistorischen Museums, 1986-1996 : Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, 16. Oktober 1996 bis 2. Februar 1997</em>. Wien, Austria: Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dietrich, H. In <em>Restaurierte Gema\u0308lde: die Restaurierwerksta\u0308tte der Gema\u0308ldegalerie des Kunsthistorischen Museums, 1986-1996.</em> Eike Oberthaler et al., eds. Exh. cat. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 83-84, no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Museum of Art Buys Old Master Painting from Rothschild Collection at Christie\u2019s Auction,\u201d July 9, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4268"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecord-Setting Old Master Painting Goes on View at CMA 1:30 Tuesday, July 27,\u201d July 27, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4271"}, {"citation": "\"Calendar.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>CXLI no. 1158 (September 1999), 576-580.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 579", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eakin, Hugh, Laurie Attias, and Agnes Csonka. \u201cUnfinished Business.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 98, no. 8 (September 1999): 56.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Selection of 1999 Museum Acquisitions.\" <em>Apollo</em> (December 1999), 30<em><br></em>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117; Reproduced: p. 38, no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lillie, Sophie. <em>Was einmal war: Handbuch der enteigneten Kunstsammlungen Wiens</em>. Vienna: Czernin Verlag, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 1002, 1032 no. 866", "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Cat. no. 9, pp. 48-51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunth, Felicitas. <em>Die Rothschild'schen Gema\u0308ldesammlungen in Wien</em>. Vienna: Bo\u0308hlau, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 58, 73, 80, 95, 101, 103, 192-193; reproduced: p. 47, and color pl. 3.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Old Masters Visit Beachwood\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 03, March 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-03/page/2/"}, {"citation": "Liedtke, Walter A. <em>Frans Hals: Style and Substance</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33, fig. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192-193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Biesboer, Pieter. \"De Laughing Cavalier van Frans Hals. Een Mogelijke Identificatie.\" In <em>Face Book: Studies on Dutch and Flemish Portraiture of the 16th-18th Centuries. </em>Rudolf E. O. Ekkart, ed., 133-140. Leiden: Primavera Pers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 184", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Packer, Lelia, and Ashok Roy. <em>Frans Hals: The Male Portrait.</em> London: Philip Wilson Publishers, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 20-22, cat. no. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mazzocca, Fernando, and Sebastian Schu\u0308tze. Dai Medici ai Rothschild: mecenati, collezionisti, filantropi. Milano : Edizioni Gallerie d'Italia : Skira, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 276-277", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bart Cornelis, Friso Lammertse, Justine Rinnooy Kan, and Jaap van der Veen. <em>Frans Hals</em>. London : National Gallery Global ; Amsterdam : in association with the Rijksmuseum, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35; Reproduced: p. 34, fig. 9.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hals, Frans, Christopher D. M. Atkins, and Gema\u0308ldegalerie (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin). Frans Hals : Master of the Fleeting Moment. Edited by Dagmar Hirschfelder, Katja Kleinert, and Erik Eising. Berlin, Berlin: Hatje Cantz Verlag, Hatje Cantz, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 112-113, Reproduced: p. 110, cat. 15a", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hals, Frans.<em> Frans Hals : Iconography - Technique - Reputation</em>. Edited by Norbert Middelkoop and Rudolf E. O. Ekkart. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 196-198; reproduced: pp. 196, fig. 2 and 210, fig. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Loebl, Suzanne, and Abigail Wilentz. <em>Plunder and Survival: Stories of Theft, Loss, Recovery, and Migration of Nazi-Uprooted Art. </em>New York, NY: Bloomsbury Academic, Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 96-97, fig. 6.3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seipel, Wilfried. <em>Mein Leben - Ein Abenteuer : Gedanken Und Erinnerungen Eines Museumsdirektors.</em> Weitra: Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz GmbH f\u00fcr Literatur, Kunst, Wissenschaft und Musikalien, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 223", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.173", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_web.jpg", "width": "664", "height": "893", "filesize": "53872", "filename": "1999.173_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_print.jpg", "width": "2529", "height": "3400", "filesize": "857877", "filename": "1999.173_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_full.tif", "width": "11364", "height": "15277", "filesize": "520848048", "filename": "1999.173_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "893", "filesize": "97969"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2534", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1997021"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5838", "height": "7833", "filesize": "137210952"}, "date_created": "2013-10-07T14:19:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "893", "filesize": "61666"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2616", "height": "3400", "filesize": "765174"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "15594", "filesize": "561411972"}, "date_created": "2013-10-07T14:44:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "662", "height": "893", "filesize": "337995"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2521", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5394762"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4139", "height": "5582", "filesize": "69341828"}, "date_created": "2007-07-23T15:48:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "656", "height": "893", "filesize": "316167"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2499", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4670695"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.173/1999.173_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4042", "height": "5500", "filesize": "66723788"}, "date_created": "2007-02-12T18:47:03", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 160885, "creators": [{"id": 2614, "description": "Frans Hals (Dutch, c. 1581\u20131666)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "c. 1581/85-1666", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1581", "death_year": "1666", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-08-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1634, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1634", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tieleman Roosterman"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:21:48.853000"}, {"id": 140408, "accession_number": "1964.351", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Peregrine Falcons (Duck Hawks), c. 1827. John James Audubon (American, born Haiti, 1785\u20131851). Oil on canvas; framed: 74.9 x 101 x 10.2 cm (29 1/2 x 39 3/4 x 4 in.); unframed: 64.5 x 91.5 cm (25 3/8 x 36 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the American Foundation for the Maud E. and Warren H. Corning Botanical Collection, 1964.351", "current_location": "205 Federal American", "title": "Peregrine Falcons (Duck Hawks)", "creation_date": "c. 1827", "creation_date_earliest": 1822, "creation_date_latest": 1832, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 74.9 x 101 x 10.2 cm (29 1/2 x 39 3/4 x 4 in.); Unframed: 64.5 x 91.5 cm (25 3/8 x 36 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.749, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.01, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.102, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.645, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.915, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444613, "title": "Work of John James Audubon", "description": "<i>Work of John James Audubon</i>. Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 30-June 30, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-04-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304413, "title": "Science within Art", "description": "<i>Science within Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-April 20, 1980); Beck Center for the Arts, Lakewood, OH (June 1-July 1, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 228212, "title": "John James Audubon:  American Artist and Naturalist", "description": "<i>John James Audubon:  American Artist and Naturalist</i>. Cleveland Museum of Natural History (organizer) (February 10-April 29, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Liverpool, England, Liverpool Royal Academy, Audubon Exhibition (1827), possibly no. 188 as Two Hawks Seizing on Ducks.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Cleveland, Natural Science Museum (1964); indefinite loan.", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, John James Audubon (30 April-31 June 1974); case D.", "opening_date": "1974-04-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Paintings 1776-1976 (6 March-11 April 1976); traveled to Detroit, Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May-13 June 1976); to Toledo, Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September-10 October 1976); illu. cat. no. 7 as Duck Hawks.", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Science Within Art (13 February-20 April 1980), illus. cat. no. 13, p. 28, pp. 28-29 as Duck Hawks.", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, A Cleveland Bestiary (14 October-15 December 1981) illus. cat. no. 36, p. 42; listed p. 62, no, 36 as Duck Hawks.", "opening_date": "1981-10-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Grey Art Gallery and Study Center, John James Audubon &amp; His Sons (26 April - 5 June 1982) illus. cat. no. 31, p. 69 as Duck Hawks by John James Audubon (they attribute it to the artist himself, not his sons).", "opening_date": "1982-04-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland Musuem of Natural History, Cleveland, OH (February 10, 2007 - April 29, 2007): \"John James Audubon: American Artist and Naturalist\"", "opening_date": "2007-02-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John James Audubon [1785-1851], New York, NY, by descent to his wife, Lucy Bakewell Audubon", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1827-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Lucy Bakewell Audubon [1787-1874], New York, NY, by descent to her son, John Woodhouse Audubon", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "John Woodhouse Audubon [1812-1862], New York, NY, by descent to his daughter, Lucy A. Williams", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Lucy Audubon Williams [1838-1909], Greenburgh, Westerchester, NY, probably by descent to her grandson, Charles F. Edwards", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Charles F. Edwards [1878-1954], Chicago, IL and Alameda, CA, by descent to his sister, Margaret McCormick", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mrs. H.V. (Margaret) McCormick, Long Island, NY and Staten Island, NY, sold to Kennedy Galleries", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Kennedy Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1964", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Clocked at speeds more than 240 mph, peregrine falcons are the world's fastest animals.", "description": "A vigorous portrayal of two peregrine falcons with their fresh duck prey, John James Audubon's painting relates to his groundbreaking <em>Birds of America</em> publication that sought to depict every species of native North American bird posed in action with elements of their habitats. Based on his artistic and scientific successes, Audubon became the premier naturalist in the United States. After his death, he continued to be associated with bird and nature conservation, and several organizations devoted to such causes were named in his honor. However, in recent years, as Audubon's slaveholding and looting of Indigenous graves has become more widely acknowledged, an increasing number of these groups are changing their names.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469243"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.351-peregrine-falcons-du"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Invoice from Kennedy Galleries, Oct. 20, 1964, Director Files, Sherman Lee, Box 36, File 10: Kennedy Galleries, Ingalls Library, the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Henry Sayles Francis, letter to Sherman Lee, Oct. 2, 1964, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Martha G. Thomas, letter to Charles E. Winters, Sept. 29, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Martha G. Thomas, letter to Charles E. Winters, Sept. 29, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Martha G. Thomas, letter to Charles E. Winters, Sept. 29, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Martha G. Thomas, letter to Charles E. Winters, Sept. 29, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William Talbot, letter to Richard J. Koke, Feb. 16, 1977, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William Talbot, letter to Richard J. Koke, Feb. 16, 1977, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Martha G. Thomas, letter to Charles E. Winters, Sept. 29, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William Talbot, letter to Richard J. Koke, Feb. 16, 1977, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Martha G. Thomas, letter to Charles E. Winters, Sept. 29, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42; Mentioned: p. 41, p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56 - 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 45", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.351", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.351/1964.351_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "892", "filesize": "892020", "filename": "1964.351_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.351/1964.351_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2400", "filesize": "6321024", "filename": "1964.351_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.351/1964.351_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3529", "filesize": "52961248", "filename": "1964.351_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the American Foundation for the Maud E. and Warren H. Corning Botanical Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 140408, "creators": [{"id": 2694, "description": "John James Audubon (American, born Haiti, 1785\u20131851)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1785", "death_year": "1851", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1822, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1827", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:12:35.119000"}, {"id": 117032, "accession_number": "1937.577", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Sacrifice of Isaac, c. 1527. Andrea del Sarto (Italian, 1486\u20131530). Oil on wood; framed: 208 x 171 x 12.5 cm (81 7/8 x 67 5/16 x 4 15/16 in.); unframed: 178 x 138 cm (70 1/16 x 54 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1937.577", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "The Sacrifice of Isaac", "creation_date": "c. 1527", "creation_date_earliest": 1522, "creation_date_latest": 1532, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 16th century"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 208 x 171 x 12.5 cm (81 7/8 x 67 5/16 x 4 15/16 in.); Unframed: 178 x 138 cm (70 1/16 x 54 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.08, "height_inch": 81, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.71, "width_inch": 67, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.125, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.78, "height_inch": 70, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.38, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 211386, "title": "Leonardo, Michelangelo and the Renaissance in Florence", "description": "<i>Leonardo, Michelangelo and the Renaissance in Florence</i>. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (organizer) (May 27-September 5, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217133, "title": "Andrea del Sarto: The Renaissance Workshop in Action", "description": "<i>Andrea del Sarto: The Renaissance Workshop in Action</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (June 23-September 13, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-06-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 523600, "title": "Pier Francesco Foschi (1502-1567) Florentine Painter", "description": "<i>Pier Francesco Foschi (1502-1567) Florentine Painter</i>. Galleria dell\u2019Accademia di Firenze, Florence, Italy (organizer) (November 27, 2023-March 10, 2024) https://www.galleriaaccademiafirenze.it/en/expositions/pier-francesco-foschi-1502-1567-pittore-fiorentino/.", "opening_date": "2023-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Winter Exhibition</em>. Burlington House, Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1882).", "opening_date": "1882-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1971).", "opening_date": "1971-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Cardinal Carlo de' Medici, Florence", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1649", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Possibly the Montalvi Collection, Florence", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Possibly the Peruzzi Collection, Florence", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Zondadari Collection, Florence", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->See Biadi, 1829</div>"], "date": "By 1829", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "William Cave, died 1858 (Brentry House, near Bristol, bought in Florence in 1846), by inheritance to his wife.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Unsold, Christie's, London, June 29, 1854, lot 77</div>"], "date": "1846 - 1858", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mrs. William Cave", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1858", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sold, Christie's, London, June 22, 1858, lot 102", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1858", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Possibly Peters", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1858 - 1882", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "George Cornwall Legh, High Legh, Co. Chester", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Royal Academy exhibition catalogue, Winter 1882, no. 206, \"purchased by George Cornwall Legh in 1862 at Florence; in the Tordanari collection\"</div>"], "date": "1882 - ?", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Lieutenant Colonel Henry Cornwall Legh, High Legh, Co. Chester", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "? - 1935", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Sold at Sotheby's, London, May 21, 1935, to Spencer Samuels", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Spencer Samuels, T. Harris, London, and Durlacher Brothers, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1935 - 1937", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937 -", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2787.36"], "did_you_know": "The angel has two visible sets of legs, showing the artist\u2019s revision of the composition.", "description": "In this dramatic test of faith from the Old Testament book of Genesis, Abraham agrees to slay his son Isaac on God\u2019s command. As Abraham raises the knife, an angel suddenly appears to halt the sacrifice. This work gains its power from the complex expressions of father and son, combining grief, strength, resignation, fear, and realization in their faces and bodies, the latter inspired by ancient sculpture and Michelangelo. Andrea del Sarto never finished this painting, and it lays bare his working methods. He transferred the design to the panel from a drawing, reinforcing the chalk with painted lines\u2014best seen in the donkey at the far right. He then worked over the whole panel at once with thin, brushy veils of color, letting him alter the composition while painting\u2014especially evident in the angel, Isaac\u2019s body, and Abraham\u2019s head.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59115342"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1937.577-the-sacrifice-of-isa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Biadi, Luigi. <em>Notizie inedite della vita dA\u0315ndrea del Sarto, raccolte da manoscritti</em>. Firenze, Italy: Tip. Bonducciana, 1831.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 163, no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reumont, Alfred von. <em>Andrea del Sarto</em>. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1835.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P.183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Adolfo. <em>La R. Galleria Estense in Modena.</em> Modena: P. Toschi, 1882.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 257", "url": null}, {"citation": "Redford, George. <em>Art Sales. A History of Sales of Pictures and Other Works of Art. With Notices of the Collections Sold, Names of Owners, Titles of Pictures, Prices and Purchasers, Arranged Under the Artists of the Different Schools in Order of Date. Including the Purchases and Prices of Pictures for the National Gallery.</em> London: [Bradbury, Agnew, &amp; Co., Printers, the \"Whitefriars\" Press], 1888.", "page_number": "Mentioned: V. II, P. 251", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vasari, Giorgio. <em>Le opere di Giorgio Vasari.</em> Firenze: G.C. Sansoni, 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. V, P. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guinness, H. <em>Andrea Del Sarto</em>. London, United Kingdom: G. Bell, 1907.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813-1912</em>. London: Graves, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. III, p. 1198", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 406; Mentioned: p. 407-409", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"An Unfinished Version of the 'Sacrifice of Abraham' by Andrea del Sarto.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXV</em>, no. 3 (March, 1938):39-42.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37; Detail: p.38", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Au Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Mouseion. </em>(Avril 1938) 13-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Katharine. <em>Pictures to Grow Up With</em>. New York, NY: Studio Publications, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n60"}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland.</em> Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. II, P. 216, no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 407", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n75"}, {"citation": "H\u00e4rth, Isolde. \"Zu Andrea Del Sartos \"Opfer Abrahams\".\" <em>Mitteilungen Des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz</em> 8, no. 3 (1959): 167-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 167, n. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27652062."}, {"citation": "Wescher, Paul. <em>La prima idea: die Entwicklung der O\u0308lskizze von Tintoretto bis Picasso</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: F. Bruckmann, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works, with an Index of Places : Florentine School</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1, 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freedberg, S. J. <em>Andrea Del Sarto</em>. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. I, p. 77-70, figs. 179-184;", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaffe, Michael. \"The Figurative Arts of the West, ca. 1400-1800.\" A<em>pollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 75, no. 22 (1963):", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 458; Reproduced: fig. 4, p. 460", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shearman, John K. G. <em>Andrea Del Sarto</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110-111, pl. 146, 148 a and b, vol. I; p. 216, no. 79. vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n116"}, {"citation": "Hillyer, V. M., and E. G. Huey. <em>Fine Art; [the Last Two Hundred Years]</em>. New York, NY: Meredith Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Ralph T. \"Rubens in 1614: 'The Sacrifice of Abraham.'\" <em>The Nelson Gallery and Atkins Museum Bulletin </em>IV, no. 7 (December 1966): 1-22.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 2; reproduced: P.3, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murray, Linda. <em>The High Renaissance.</em> New York: F.A. Praeger, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 160, fig. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n116"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Berthold Fricke. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 44-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Avery, Catherine B., ed. <em>The New Century Italian Renaissance Encyclopedia. </em>New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. <em>Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. </em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8, 255, 573", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Agnolo Bronzino: Portrait of a Young Lady.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXI</em>, no. 1 (January, 1975):3-13.", "page_number": "Detail Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fader, Martha Alice Agnew. <em>Sculpture in the Piazza Della Signoria: As Emblem of the Florentine Republic</em>. Thesis Ph.D. Ann Anbor, MI: University of Michigan, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 339, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 107", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n127"}, {"citation": "Vos, Rik. <em>Lucas van Leyden</em>. Bentveld, Netherlands: Landshoff, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56-57; Reproduced: fig. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hall, Marcia B. <em>Color and Meaning: Practice and Theory in Renaissance Painting</em>. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147, fig. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Natali, Antonio. <em>Andrea Del Sarto</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press Publishers, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183, no. 179", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50; Reproduced: p. 50, 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Keiith, Larry. \"Andrea del Sarto's 'The Virgin and Child with Saint Elizabeth and Saint John the Baptist': Technique and Critical Reception.\" <em>National Gallery Technical Bulletin </em>22 (2001): 42-53.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 50; Reproduced: P. 50-51, pl. 7 & 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, Louis Alexander Waldman, and Andrew Butterfield. <em>Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and the Renaissance in Florence</em>. Ottawa, Ontario: National Gallery of Canada, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150; Reproduced: fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, NY: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24-27; Reproduced: no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Channing, Laurence, \"Personal and Professional\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 10, December 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-10/page/4/"}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklo\u0301s, ed. <em>Italian Paintings from the 13th to 15th Century.</em> Firenze, Italy: Polistampa, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wetering, Ernst van de. <em>Rembrandt: The Painter at Work</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hilaire, Michel, and Axel He\u0301mery. <em>Corps et ombres: Caravage et le caravagisme europe\u0301en</em>. Milan, Italy: 5 continents, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hout, Nico van, and Ted Alkins. <em>The unfinished painting</em>. 2012. Ghent, Belgium: Ludion, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4, p. 82-84; Reproduced: Fig. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pontormo, Jacopo da, Bastian Eclercy, and Ralf Bormann. <em>Pontormo: Meisterwerke des Manierismus in Florenz</em>. Hannover, Germany: Landesmuseum Hannover, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73, fig. 52; Mentioned: p. 207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 176", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bomford, David. <em>Unfinished Paintings: Narratives of the Non Finito</em>. Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland: in association with the University of Edinburgh, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 17; Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carmen C. Bambach, exhibition review of Andrea del Sarto, <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 158, no. 1354 (January 2016).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70-72; Reproduced: p. 70, fig. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jenison, Tim, Jonathan Janson, and David Walsh. <em>Hound in the Hunt: Optical Aids in Art.</em> Berriedale, Tas.: Museum of Old and New Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96, fig. 2.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Steele, Marcia. \"The Three Versions of <em>The Sacrifice of Isaac</em>.\" <em>Kermes: La Rivista del Restauro </em>29/30, no. 104/105 (October 2016- March 2017): 123-142.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 123-142", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schumacher, Andreas, et. al. <em>Florentiner Malerei: Alte Pinakothek : die Gema\u0308lde des 14. bis 16. Jahrhunderts.</em> [M\u00fcnchen]: Alte Pinakothek; Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 535, Abb. 37.10; P.536, Abb. 37.12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bayer, A., et. al. \"Andrea del Sarto's <em>Borgherini Holy Family</em> and <em>Charity</em>: Two Intertwined Late Works.\" <em>Metropolitan Museum of Art </em>52 (2017).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. [34]-55; Reproduced: p. 46, fig. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hall, Marcia B. <em>The Power of Color: Five Centuries of European Painting</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127, fig. 3.21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foschi, Pier Francesco, and Galleria dell\u2019Accademia (Florence, Italy). <em>Pier Francesco Foschi (1502-1567) : Pittore Fiorentino</em>. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana editoriale, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and published: pp. 120-121, no. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Symposium for the Study of Underdrawing and Technology in Painting, and Anne Dubois. Alla Maniera: Technical Art History and the Meaning of Style in 15th to 17th Century Painting. Paris ; Leuven : Peeters, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 110-121, Ill. 9.1-9.8.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brock, Maurice, and Raphael. Le Laocoon, Entre Michel-Ange et Raphae\u0308L : Un Ressort de L\u2019e\u0301Mulation. Tours: Presses universitaires Franc\u0327ois Rabelais, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 179, n. 22; reproduced: p. 177, fig. 93", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1937.577", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "900", "filesize": "306442", "filename": "1937.577_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_print.jpg", "width": "2633", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2768419", "filename": "1937.577_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_full.tif", "width": "9939", "height": "12836", "filesize": "382761404", "filename": "1937.577_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "741", "height": "900", "filesize": "364519"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2798", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3913512"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10236", "height": "12438", "filesize": "381976928"}, "date_created": "2024-04-29T14:20:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "900", "filesize": "328870"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2789", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2890901"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9742", "height": "11877", "filesize": "347148912"}, "date_created": "2024-04-29T15:07:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "893", "filesize": "485315"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2654", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6669637"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7318", "height": "9374", "filesize": "205817976"}, "date_created": "2009-12-08T21:49:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "535894"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2624", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7687969"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.577/1937.577_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3505", "height": "4542", "filesize": "47780196"}, "date_created": "2009-11-13T16:28:45", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 117032, "creators": [{"id": 2291, "description": "Andrea del Sarto (Italian, 1486\u20131530)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1486", "death_year": "1530", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1937-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1522, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1527", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "Overall, the painting is in stable condition. The panel is composed of four members, vertically grained, each member tangentially cut and coming from near the center of the tree. Three cross braces were at some point slid into grooves cut into the back of the support and transverse the entire width of the painting, tapering from one side to the other. The wood of the panel was analyzed as poplar and the center cross brace as European chestnut. The ground was analyzed and contains calcium sulphate (gypsum). Underdrawing is present and appears to be with the calco method (comprised of charcoal black, gypsum, and brown ochre). It appears that once the underdrawing was set onto the ground layer, and the painting stage started, del Sarto and/or his studio assistants made both major and minor alterations. The minor alterations seem to be corrections and adjustments for more successful placement of figures and overall composition.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:05:01.206000"}, {"id": 135428, "accession_number": "1958.425", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hunting near Hartenfels Castle, 1540. Lucas Cranach (German, 1472\u20131553). Oil, originally on wood, transferred to masonite; framed: 133 x 185.5 x 7.3 cm (52 3/8 x 73 1/16 x 2 7/8 in.); unframed: 116.8 x 170.2 cm (46 x 67 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1958.425", "current_location": "114 Late Northern Renaissance", "title": "Hunting near Hartenfels Castle", "creation_date": "1540", "creation_date_earliest": 1540, "creation_date_latest": 1540, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "oil, originally on wood, transferred to masonite", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - German before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 133 x 185.5 x 7.3 cm (52 3/8 x 73 1/16 x 2 7/8 in.); Unframed: 116.8 x 170.2 cm (46 x 67 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.33, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.855, "width_inch": 73, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.073, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "unframed": {"height": 1.168, "height_inch": 46, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.702, "width_inch": 67, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right on boat with a winged serpent, and dated: 1540 [inventory number, lower right: 1577]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 399430, "title": "Lucas Cranach: Ein Maler-Unternehmer aus Franken", "description": "<i>Lucas Cranach: Ein Maler-Unternehmer aus Franken</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Leipzig (May 17-July 1, 1994); Fortress of Rosenberg Kronach (September 7-November 6, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-05-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 218734, "title": "Faith and Power:  Saxony in the Europe of the Reformation Era", "description": "<i>Faith and Power:  Saxony in the Europe of the Reformation Era</i>. Hartenfels Castle, Torgau, Dresden, Germany (May 24-October 10, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-05-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 193954, "title": "Arms and Armor from Imperial Austria", "description": "<i>Arms and Armor from Imperial Austria</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-June 1, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-02-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231753, "title": "Lucas Cranach. L'altro rinascimento", "description": "<i>Lucas Cranach. L'altro rinascimento</i>. Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy (organizer) (October 13, 2010-March 3, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218729, "title": "Luther and the Princes", "description": "<i>Luther and the Princes</i>. Schloss Hartenfels, Torgau, Germany (May 15-November 1, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-05-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Lucas Cranach d. A und Lucas Cranach d. J</em>. Staatliche Museen (duetsches Museum) Berlin, Germany (1937).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Royal Collection of Saxony, Schloss Hartenfels and Schloss Moritzburg, consigned to M.H. Drey", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->On October 4, 1543, Cranach was paid 123 florins, 10 groschen, and 8 pfennig for various works (Staatsarchiv, Weimar Reg. Bb. 4551, Bl. 24b (Schuchardt [1851] 162ff.), including a hunting picture presented to Duke Maurice of Saxony [1521-1553], presumably the Cleveland painting.&nbsp; Cranach had been appointed court painter to the Electors of Saxony in 1505 by Frederick the Wise. &nbsp; A House of Saxony inventory number (1577) is inscribed in the lower right corner of the painting.&nbsp; The painting remained at Schloss Hartenfels, Torgau for generations, and with the Dukes of Saxony at Schloss Moritzburg until the 1950s. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1540-1950s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(M.H. Drey, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1958", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Humans, dogs, and deer make up most of the creatures in this busy scene\u2014but not all of them! Look closely at the background to spot a bear and three boars.", "description": "The Protestant rulers of Saxony commissioned this animated hunt scene, set near their residence seen in the background, Hartenfels Castle (in eastern Germany). John Frederick the Magnanimous, in the bottom left corner, wears dark green hunting attire; he spans his crossbow and waits for his courtiers and dogs to chase a stag across the river. His wife, the Electress Sibylle, stands at right, poised to take the first ceremonial shot. The prince electors of Saxony were passionate practitioners of hunting with dogs\u2014elaborate, highly rehearsed occasions, coordinated by the use of signals from hunting horns. Cranach dated this work and his signature is the winged snake at lower right. 1577 in the right corner is an inventory number.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465134"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.425-hunting-near-hartenf"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Margaret H. Drey, letter to Henry Sayles Francis, April 9, 1959, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Margaret H. Drey, letter to Henry Sayles Francis, March 18, 1959, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Margaret H. Drey, letter to Henry Sayles Francis, March 18, 1959, in CMA curatorial file.<br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Margaret H. Drey, letter to Henry Sayles Francis, April 9, 1959, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Cranach-Ausstellung: Lucas Cranach d. \u00c4., und Lucas Cranach d. J., Gem\u00e4lde, Zeichnungen, Graphik, april-juni 1937 im Deutschen Museum Berlin</em>. Berlin: Staatliche Museen, 1937.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schade, Werner, Lucas Cranach, Lucas Cranach, and Hans Cranach. <em>Cranach, a Family of Master Painters</em>. New York: Putnam, 1980.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schuchardt, Christian. <em>Lucas Cranach des Aeltern leben und werke</em>. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1851.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Flechsig, Eduard. <em>Cranachstudien</em>. Leipzig, Germany: K.W. Hiersemann, 1900.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 275; Mentioned: p. 288", "url": null}, {"citation": "Friedla\u0308nder, Max J., and Jakob Rosenberg. <em>Die Gema\u0308lde von Lucas Cranach</em>. Berlin, Germany: Deutscher Verein fu\u0308r Kunstwissenschaft, 1932.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 331a, p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lilienfein, Heinrich. <em>Lukas Cranach und seine Zeit</em>. Bielefeld, Germany: Velhagen &amp; Klasing, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vinzenz Oberhammer, Friderike Klauner, and Gu\u0308nther Heinz. <em>Katalog der Gema\u0308ldegalerie</em>. Wien, Austria: Kunsthistorisches Museum, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39, no. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"The Stag Hunt.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>46, no. 9 (November 1959): 198-205.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200; Reproduced: p. 198-9, 202-3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142361"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n132"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n132"}, {"citation": "Schu\u0308tz, Karl. <em>Lucas Cranach der A\u0308ltere und seine Werkstatt. Jubila\u0308umsausstellung museumseigener Werke, 1472-1972</em>. Wien, Austria: Kunsthist. Museum, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Prado. <em>Museo del Prado: cata\u0301logo de las pinturas</em>. Madrid, Spain: El Museo, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 0. 165, no. 2175", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann T. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162-165; Reproduced: p. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schade, Werner. <em>Die Malerfamilie Cranach</em>. Dresden, Germany: Verlag der Kunst, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210 and 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Findeisen, Peter, and Heinrich Magirius. <em>Die Denkmale der Stadt Torgau</em>. Leipzig, Germany: Seemann, VEB, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108-109, plates 64, 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n148"}, {"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9; Mentioned: p. 7-11, p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162-164; Reproduced: p. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weber, Erwin. <em>Cranach and Luther: With Selected Works of the \"Painting Evangelist\" in the United States</em>. St. Louis, MO: Concordia Pub. House, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60, plate 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grimm, Claus, Johannes Erichsen, and Evamaria Brockhoff. <em>Lucas Cranach: ein Maler-Unternehmer aus Franken</em>. Augsburg, Germany: Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 131; Mentioned: p. 311-313", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kolb, Karin, and Harald Marx. <em>Cranach: [anla\u0308sslich der Ausstellung Cranach vom 13. November 2005 bis 12. Ma\u0308rz 2006 in den Kunstsammlungen Chemnitz ; eine Ausstellung in Kooperation mit der Gema\u0308ldegalerie Alte Meister der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden]</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Wienand, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160, fig. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferino Pagden, Sylvia, and Andreas Beyer. <em>Tizian versus Seisenegger: die Portraits Karls V. mit Hund : ein Holbeinstreit</em>. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 169; Reproduced: p. 171, fig. 4a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klein, Holger A. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 112, Mentioned: p. 294, 295", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London: United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168-169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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Hanna Jr. Fund, 1981.18", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "The Holy Family on the Steps", "creation_date": "1648", "creation_date_earliest": 1648, "creation_date_latest": 1648, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 103.5 x 135.3 x 13.3 cm (40 3/4 x 53 1/4 x 5 1/4 in.); Unframed: 73.3 x 105.8 cm (28 7/8 x 41 5/8 in.); Former: 72.3 x 104 cm (28 7/16 x 40 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.035, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.353, "width_inch": 53, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.133, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.733, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.058, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "former": {"height": 0.723, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.04, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304599, "title": "The Year in Review for 1981", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1981</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 191999, "title": "A Painting in Focus: Nicolas Poussin's Holy Family on the Steps", "description": "<i>A Painting in Focus: Nicolas Poussin's Holy Family on the Steps</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 1999-January 23, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217169, "title": "long-term loan", "description": "<i>long-term loan</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre (organizer) (February 1, 2000-January 31, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217051, "title": "Poussin and 17th century French Painting", "description": "<i>Poussin and 17th century French Painting</i>. Harvard University Art Museums/Fogg Art Museum (February 11-April 14, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217150, "title": "Poussin and God", "description": "<i>Poussin and God</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (March 30-June 29, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-03-30T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>A Painting in Focus: Nicolas Poussin's Holy Family on the Steps</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November, 14, 1999-January 23, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-01-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": ".", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Painted for Pierre Hennequin de Fresne (or version in Washington); [perhaps Reyni\u00e8re coll., Paris sale 1793; London sales 1797, 1801]; Lord Ashburton; J. Hervig-Smith, Devon (London sale 1908); (Quinto, Paris); Henri Lerolle (Paris sale 1944, as attributed); Bertin-Mourot coll.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Poussin placed small wax models in a box pierced with holes to study lighting effects.", "description": "This deceptively simple composition represents a complex meditation on the Holy Family\u2019s role in the redemption of humanity. At the center, Mary presents the Christ child to the world. At the left, Saint Elizabeth leans forward to foretell his eventual death, while her son, Saint John the Baptist, offers Jesus an apple, signifying humanity\u2019s fall from grace in the Garden of Eden. At the right, Saint Joseph holds a compass, a sign of his occupation as a carpenter and also symbolic of God the Father. 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London: Pallas Athene, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 659", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cornette, Joe\u0308l, and Alain Me\u0301rot. <em>Le XVIIe sie\u0300cle</em>. Paris, France: Seuil, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 337", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perry, Gillian, and Colin Cunningham. <em>Academies, Museums, and Canons of Art</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press in association with the Open University, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38, pl. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Minor, Vernon Hyde. <em>Baroque &amp; Rococo: Art &amp; Culture</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187, no. 5.24", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Grazia, Diane. \u201cPoussin\u2019s \u2018Holy Family on the Steps\u2019 in Context.\u201d <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 4 (1999): 26\u201363.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 26-63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20070825"}, {"citation": "Sawyer, Carol, and Marcia Steele. \u201cPoussin\u2019s \u2018Holy Family on the Steps\u2019: New Technical Discoveries, Comparisons, and the Washington Copy.\u201d <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 4 (1999): 112\u2013160.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 112-160", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20070829"}, {"citation": "De Grazia, Dianne, \"Poussin\u2019s Holy Family\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 10, December 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-10/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Bonfait, Olivier, and Neil MacGregor. <em>Il Dio nascosto: i grandi maestri del Seicento e l'immagine di Dio</em>. Roma, Italy: Edizioni de Luca, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, John. <em>The Intimate Philosophy of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Allen Lane, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108-109, no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kendall, Richard. <em>Drawn to Painting: Leon Kossoff Drawings and Prints After Nicolas Poussin</em>. London, United Kingdom: Merrell Publishers, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117, pl. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40, no. 37; Mentioned: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, Carolyn C. <em>St. Joseph in Italian Renaissance Society and Art: New Directions and Interpretations</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Saint Joseph's University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145, pl. 50, XI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, and Jean-Pierre Caillet. <em>La peinture franc\u0327aise</em>. Paris, France: Menge\u0300s, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bishop, Philip E. <em>Adventures in the Human Spirit</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ.: Prentice Hall, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282, fig. 10.28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brugerolles, Emmanuelle and David Guillet. <em>Poussin, Claude, and Their World: Seventeenth-Century French Drawings from the E\u0301cole Des Beaux-Arts, Paris</em>. Paris, France: E\u0301cole nationale supe\u0301rieure des beaux-arts, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marshall, David Ryley. <em>The Italians in Australia: Studies in Renaissance and Baroque Art</em>. Firenze, Italy: Centro Di, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hyman, John. <em>Realism and Relativism in the Theory of Art</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Aristotelian Society, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fir. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. <em>A World History of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Laurence King, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 586, fig. 13.26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Rupert, and Robert Maniura. <em>Presence: The Inherence of the Prototype Within Images and Other Objects</em>. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131, fig. 7.1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, NY: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60-63; Reproduced: no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eitel-Porter, Rhoda. <em>From Leonardo to Pollock: Master Drawings from the Morgan Library</em>. New York, NY: Pierpont Morgan Library, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hyman, John. <em>The Objective Eye: Color, Form, and Reality in the Theory of Art</em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193, fig. 69", "url": "<http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=616042>"}, {"citation": "Wright, Christopher. <em>Poussin: Paintings : a Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. London, United Kingdom: Chaucer Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192, no. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip, Richard Rand, and Joseph Baillio. <em>French Paintings of the Fifteenth Through the Eighteenth Century</em>. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 390, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hershkovitch, Corinne, and Didier Rykner. <em>La restitution des \u0153uvres d'art: solutions et impasses</em>. Paris, France: Hazan, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 136; Reproduced: p. 218, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom; Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 200-2001", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blanc, Marianne Cojannot-Le. <em>A\u0300 la recherche du rameau d'or</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: Presses universitaires de Paris Ouest, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 125, fig. 31", "url": "<http://books.openedition.org/pupo/3744>."}, {"citation": "Brugerolles, Emmanuelle. <em>De Poussin a\u0300 Fragonard: hommage a\u0300 Mathias Polakovits</em>. Paris, France: Beaux-arts de Paris, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 187", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean-Pierre, et. al. <em>Le Saint Joseph charpentier de Georges de la Tour: Un Don au Louvre de Percy Moore Turner</em>. [Gent] : Snoeck, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned;. p. 179 & 477, n. 2053", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bandle, Anne Laure, and Fre\u0301de\u0301ric Elsig. Risques et pe\u0301rils dans l'attribution des \u0153uvres d'art: de la pratique des experts aux aspects juridiques. Gene\u0300ve : Schulthess, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 2-3; Reproduced: p. 5, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gauzi, Christine. \"Poussin au Louvre: L'Etat de Grace.\" L'Estampille/L'Objet d'art 512 (Mai 2015): 36-45.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brilliant, Virginia. <em>Italian, Spanish, and French Paintings in the Ringling Museum of Art. </em>New York; Sarasota, FL: Scala Arts Publishers, Inc., in association with The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art,, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 449", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bishop, Brian Leslie and David Hoyle. <em>The Continuing Dialogue: An Investigation into the Artistic Afterlife of the Five Narratives Peculiar to the Fourth Gospel and an Assessment of their Contribution to the Hermeneutics of that Gospel.</em> Eugene, OR: Resource Publications, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sapir, Itay. \"Flowing Wine, solid Stone: Dionysian and Apollonian Metaphors in Writing on Seventeenth-Century Art.\" In <em>Einfluss, Str\u00f6mung, Quelle: Aquatische Metaphern der Kunstgeschichte.</em>Bielefeld: Transcript, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 201, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pierini, Marco, and Perugino. Perugino: l'Adorazione dei Magi. 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; p. 44, Fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burchard, Wolf. <em>The Sovereign Artist: Charles Le Brun and the Image of Louis XIV.</em> London: Paul Holberton Publishing, 2016. p. 230", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 230, fig. 190", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gady, B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte, and Nicolas Milovanovic. <em>Charles Le Brun (1619-1690). </em>Lens: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre-Lens; Paris: LIENART, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 186, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milovanovic, Nicolas and Micka\u00ebl Szanto. <em>Poussin et Dieu: l'album de l'exposition.</em> Paris: Hazan: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 14-15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buser, Thomas. <em>Experiencing Art Around Us</em>. Australia ; United States : Thomson Wadsworth, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p, 103, figure 4-26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hall, Marcia B. <em>The Power of Color: Five Centuries of European Painting.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132, fig. 3.26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, Carolyn C.\"Nunc faber alter adest: Cristoforo Bianchi's Emblematic Engraving from 1597 and the Saint Joseph Altarpiece of 1603 by Giovanni Barbiani of Ravenna.\" <em>Artibus et historiae </em>80, (2019): 241-268.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 252-53, fig.13a-b; Mentioned: p. 253-54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Verdi, Richard, and Nicolas Poussin. <em>Poussin As a Painter: From Classicism to Abstraction.</em> London : Reaktion Books, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 120-123, no. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomas, Troy M. <em>Poussin's Women: Sex and Gender in the Artist's Works.</em> Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 327-328, fig. 7.14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Albl, Stefan, and Pietro Testa. Pietro Testa: Maler in Rom und Lucca (1612-1650). 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117, note 180", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Caglioti, Francesco, and Donatello. Donatello: The Renaissance. Venezia : Marsilio arte, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 401, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lerolle, Aggy. <em>Henry Lerolle: Paris 1848-1929.</em> Willaupuis, Belgium: Wapica; Paris: Socie\u0301te\u0301 des Amis d'Henry Lerolle, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 222-223", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, and Christel Dupy. <em>Nicolas Poussin: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 de L\u2019Oeuvre Peint.</em> [Paris]: Flammarion, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 895-900, no. 227, Vol. III", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1981.18", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.18/1981.18_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "867", "filesize": "690276", "filename": "1981.18_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.18/1981.18_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2333", "filesize": "4960315", "filename": "1981.18_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.18/1981.18_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "4117", "filesize": "74137996", "filename": "1981.18_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.18/1981.18_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1168", "height": "893", "filesize": "885936"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.18/1981.18_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2600", "filesize": "6770485"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.18/1981.18_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4335", "height": "3315", "filesize": "43156628"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T18:39:13", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 150389, "creators": [{"id": 1946, "description": "Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594\u20131665)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1594", "death_year": "1665", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1981-05-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1648, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1648", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:45:37.466000"}, {"id": 162080, "accession_number": "2001.34", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Dream, 1931. Salvador Dal\u00ed (Spanish, 1904\u20131989). Oil on canvas; framed: 120 x 120 x 7.7 cm (47 1/4 x 47 1/4 x 3 1/16 in.); unframed: 96 x 96 cm (37 13/16 x 37 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2001.34. \u00a9 Salvador Dali, Gala-Salvador Dali Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "The Dream", "creation_date": "1931", "creation_date_earliest": 1931, "creation_date_latest": 1931, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain (Catalonia), 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 120 x 120 x 7.7 cm (47 1/4 x 47 1/4 x 3 1/16 in.); Unframed: 96 x 96 cm (37 13/16 x 37 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.2, "height_inch": 47, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.2, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.077, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.96, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.96, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Salvador Dali, Gala-Salvador Dali Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 227242, "title": "La R\u00e9volution surr\u00e9aliste", "description": "<i>La R\u00e9volution surr\u00e9aliste</i>. Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris cedex O4, France (organizer) (March 6-June 24, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222595, "title": "Dal\u00ed", "description": "<i>Dal\u00ed</i>. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (September 12, 2004-January 16, 2005); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (February 16-May 30, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-09-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206339, "title": "Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)", "description": "<i>Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15, 2006-January 7, 2007); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (co-organizer) (March 4-June 3, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 536572, "title": "Surr\u00e9alisme", "description": "<i>Surr\u00e9alisme</i>. Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris cedex O4, France (organizer) (September 4, 2024-January 13, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 683149, "title": "Dreamworld: Surrealism at 100", "description": "<i>Dreamworld: Surrealism at 100</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (November 8, 2025-February 16, 2026) https://philamuseum.org/calendar/exhibition/dreamworld-surrealism.", "opening_date": "2025-11-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>CMA Highlights</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 21, 2005 - September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Vicomte Charles [1891-1981] and Vicomtesse Marie-Laure de Noailles [1902-1970], Paris, by exchange to F\u00e9lix Labisse", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Vicomte Charles de Noailles, Dal\u00ed's most important patron during his early Surrealist years, may have purchased the painting directly from Dal\u00ed, although further research is required to confirm or disprove this speculation.&nbsp; The Noailles certainly owned the painting by 1931, when they are listed as its owners in an exhibition at the Galerie Pierre Colle in Paris. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "c. 1930 - c. 1945-1951", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "F\u00e9lix Labisse [1905-1982], Neuilly-sur-Seine, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Fran\u00e7oise Hersaint, wife of Surrealist collector Claude Hersaint and good friend of Labisse, thought that Labisse had acquired <em>The Dream </em>from the Noailles by exchange between 1945 and 1951, and recalled that when she first visited Labisse's home in 1952, the painting was already in his collection.&nbsp; Labisse certainly had the painting by 1956, when he is listed as its owner in a Dal\u00ed exhibition at the Casino de Knokke in Belgium.</div>"], "date": "By 1952 - at least 1972", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Gerrit Lansing [1942-2010] New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1999", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Daniel Filipacchi [b. 1928] Paris/New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art \nTransfer Mode: \nUnknown", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Weisberger, Edward. <em>Surrealism, Two Private Eyes: The Nesuhi Ertegun and Daniel Filipacchi Collections</em>. New York, N.Y.: Guggenheim Museum, 1999.</div>"], "date": "By 1999 - 2001", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Dali and other Surrealist artists created images depicting strange juxtapositions that are sometimes referred to as \"dreamscapes.\"", "description": "<em>The Dream</em> gives visual form to the strange, often disturbing world of dreams and hallucinations. Ants cluster over the face of the central figure, obscuring the mouth, while the sealed, bulging eyelids suggest the sensory confusion and frustration of a dream. The man at the far left\u2014with a bleeding face and amputated left foot\u2014refers to the classical myth of Oedipus, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother. The column that grows from the man\u2019s back and sprouts into a bust of a bearded man refers to the Freudian father, the punishing superego who suppresses the son\u2019s sexual fantasies. In the distance, two men embrace, one holding a golden key or scepter symbolizing access to the unconscious. Behind them, a naked man reaches into a permeable red form, as if trying to enter it.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60478246"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pierre Colle (Firm).  <em>Exposition Salvador Dal\u00ed: du 3 au 15 juin 1931.  </em>Paris: Pierre Colle, 1931.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Exposition internationale du surre\u0301alisme, and Andre\u0301 Breton. <em>The International Surrealist Exhibition: Thursday, June 11th to Saturday, July 4th, 1936, New Burlington Galleries</em>. London: International Surrealist Exhibition, English Committee, 1936.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pauwels, Louis.  <em>Salvador Dal\u00ed Exposition, Knokke Le Zoute-Albert Plage, Casino Communal, 1 juillet-10 septembre 1956.  </em>Bruxelles: \u00c9ditions de la Connaissance, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Der surrealismus 1922-1942</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Ausstellunseitung Hans der Kunst, 1972.<ul><li><a href=\"http://cmaweb14.clevelandart.org/field-collection/field-citations/4030/edit?destination=node/331\">Edit</a></li><li><a href=\"http://cmaweb14.clevelandart.org/field-collection/field-citations/4030/delete?destination=node/331\">Delete</a></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Martin-Me\u0301ry, Gilberte. <em>Bosch, Goya, et le fantastique; catalogue. Bordeaux, 20 mai-31 juillet, 1957</em>. [Bordeaux]: [Imprimeries Delmas], 1957.<br><br><em><br></em>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sylvain Bellenger, email to William Robinson, April 13, 2001, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59' Mentioned: p. 58-59, 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Selection of Museum Acquisitions.\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> (December 2001): 56.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor Salvador Dali Painting Acquired by the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d April 20, 2001, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4385"}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisition.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 41, no. 6 (Summer 2001): 2.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2001-06/page/n1/mode/2up?"}, {"citation": "Spies, Werner. <em>La re\u0301volution surre\u0301aliste: exposition pre\u0301sente\u0301e au Centre Pompidou, Galerie 1, 6 mars-24 juin 2002</em>. Paris, France: Centre Pompidou, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 205", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spies, Werner. <em>Die surrealistische Revolution</em>. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spies, Werner. <em>Der Surrealismus: Kanon einer Bewegung</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: DuMont, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ades, Dawn. <em>Dali\u0301: The Centenary Retrospective</em>. London, United Kingdom: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152-153", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions 2000-2005.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 45, no. 6 (July/August 2005): 6-17.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 13-14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-06/page/14/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Jordi Falga\u0300s, Carmen Belen Lord, and Josefina Alix Trueba. <em>Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi\u0301, Miro\u0301, Dali\u0301</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Yale University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 352", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kolberg, Gerhard. <em>Salvador Dali\u0301: la Gare de Perpignan ; Pop, Op, Yes-yes, Pompier ; [Museum Ludwig, Ko\u0308ln, 18. Ma\u0308rz bis 25. Juni 2006]</em>. Ostfildern. Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p, 53, fig. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 314-315", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grenier, Catherine, and David Radzinowicz. <em>Salvador Dali\u0301: The Making of an Artist.</em> Paris: Flammarion, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 300", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergez, Daniel, and Kate Deimling. <em>Painting the Dream: From the Biblical Dream to Surrealism</em>. New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 234, no. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Poullain, Christine, Dir. <em>Le re\u0302ve</em>. Paris: R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux-Grand Palais, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rogla\u0301n, Mark A.<em> Spanish Art in America</em>. Madrid, Spain : Ediciones El Viso 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bergez, Daniel.<em> Peindre le re\u0302ve: des re\u0302ves bibliques au surre\u0301alisme.</em> <br>Paris : Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 233; reproduced p. 234.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Descharnes, Robert, and Gilles Ne\u0301ret.<em> Salvador Dali: The Paintings 1904-1989. </em>Ko\u0308ln: Taschen, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 165, no. 361", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dialer, Corinne. <em>Oneirische Oszillation: Zum Neuzeitlichen Bildthema des Ku\u0308nstlertraums</em>. Hildesheim: Olms; [Mu\u0308nchen]: UB, Universita\u0308tsbibliothek Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 104, abb. 57; Reproduced: P. 244, abb. 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Breton, Andre\u0301, and Centre Georges Pompidou. <em>Surrealism.</em> Edited by Didier Ottinger and Marie Sarre\u0301. [England]: ACC Art Books, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Affron, Matthew. <em>Dreamworld: Surrealism at 100. </em>Philadelphia: Philadelphia Art Museum, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126; Reproduced: p. 136", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2001.34", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162080, "creators": [{"id": 12809, "description": "Salvador Dal\u00ed (Spanish, 1904\u20131989)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1904", "death_year": "1989", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2001-04-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1931, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1931", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:22.376000"}, {"id": 138359, "accession_number": "1962.292", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Wineglass and a Bowl of Fruit, 1663. Willem Kalf (Dutch, 1619\u20131693). Oil on canvas; framed: 81 x 70.5 x 7.5 cm (31 7/8 x 27 3/4 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 60.3 x 50.2 cm (23 3/4 x 19 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1962.292", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Wineglass and a Bowl of Fruit", "creation_date": "1663", "creation_date_earliest": 1663, "creation_date_latest": 1663, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 81 x 70.5 x 7.5 cm (31 7/8 x 27 3/4 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 60.3 x 50.2 cm (23 3/4 x 19 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.81, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.705, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.603, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.502, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed and dated lower left: \"W. KALF 1663\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309567, "title": "The Porcelain Connection", "description": "<i>The Porcelain Connection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-August 15, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441949, "title": "A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands", "description": "<i>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands</i>. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands (co-organizer) (July 1-September 4, 1988); Fogg Museum, Cambridge, MA (co-organizer) (October 1-November 27, 1988); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (co-organizer) (December 10, 1988-February 12, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 191843, "title": "Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720", "description": "<i>Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (June 19-September 19, 1999); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 31, 1999-January 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-31T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Fra Rembrandt til Vermeer.</em> Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo (Oct. 9 - Dec. 6, 1959), no. 36 (lent by G. Begting, Amsterdam)", "opening_date": "1959-10-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Blue and White: Chinese Porcelain and its Impact on the Western World.</em> The David and Alfred Smart Gallery, University of Chicago (Oct. 3- Dec. 1, 1985), no. 51.", "opening_date": "1985-10-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands. </em>Het Prinsenhof, Stedelijk Museum, Delft (July 1- Sept. 4, 1988); Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge MA (Oct. 1- Nov. 27, 1988); and Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth (Dec. 10, 1988,- Feb. 12, 1989), no. 56.", "opening_date": "1988-07-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Galerie M. Schulthess, Basel, probably sold to G. Vegting)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1959", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "G. Vegting, Amsterdam", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1In 1959 the painting was lent to the exhibition, \u201cFra Rembrandt til Vermeer,\u201d at the Nasjongalleriet, Oslo by \u201cG. Vegting, Amsterdam.\u201d&nbsp; Little information about \"G. Vegting\" has been uncovered.&nbsp; A Wilhelmus Gerardus Vegting was a prominent figure in university administration in Amsterdam; however, he died three years prior to the Oslo exhibition, and thus was likely not the owner of the Kalf. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "By 1959", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Duits, Ltd., London, sold to Piet de Boer with Frederick Mont and Newhouse Galleries)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Duits may have sold the painting on behalf of Vegting.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1962", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Piet de Boer with Frederick Mont and Newhouse Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The Kalf painting does not appear in the sales records of Kunsthandel P. de Boer, suggesting that it was sold not through the gallery but privately through Piet de Boer, the gallery's owner.&nbsp; The gallery's archives do contain a photograph of the painting with an inscription written on the back - \"Duits\u2192PB+M+N\u2192Mus. Cleveland\" - that spells out the joint purchase of the painting by de Boer, Mont, and Newhouse Galleries from Duits, Ltd. and the subsequent sale to CMA.</div>"], "date": "Until 1962", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Willem Kalf was the most accomplished proponent of the <em>pronkstilleven</em>, a Dutch term meaning \"ostentatious still life.\"", "description": "Priceless objects crowd the corner of a stone table in Kalf's composition. Pieces like the silver platter, delicate glasswares, thick rumpled carpet, and a Chinese porcelain bowl with peaches and an orange not only represented the great wealth and global reach of the Dutch trading empire, but were also a way for the artist to demonstrate his skill in recreating various surface textures. Kalf used different kinds of highlights to render reflections\u2014quick dots, lines, and dabs of paint\u2014creating sparkling, twinkling light effects that subtly distinguish objects from the surrounding shadows.<br>In 1797, the German poet Johann van Goethe wrote that Kalf's paintings lead to understanding \"in what sense art is superior to nature and what the spirit of man imparts to objects when it views them with creative eyes. . . . if I had to choose between the golden vessels or the picture . . . I would choose the picture.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20735394"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.292-wineglass-and-a-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Segal, Sam, and William B. Jordan. <em>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands, 1600-1700</em>. The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Niels de Boer, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 7, 2016, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Willem Kalf, Index cards of work sold, A \u2013 N, Duits, Ltd. records (1920-1979), box 37, Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Niels de Boer, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 7, 2016, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Segal, Sam, and William B. Jordan. <em>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands, 1600-1700</em>. The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Segal, Sam, and William B. Jordan. <em>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands, 1600-1700</em>. The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Segal, Sam, and William B. Jordan. <em>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands, 1600-1700</em>. The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Willem Kalf, Index cards of work sold, A \u2013 N, Duits, Ltd. records (1920-1979), box 37, Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Errera, Isabelle. <em>Re\u0301pertoire des peintures date\u0301es, par Isabella Errera</em>. Brussels: G. van Oest &amp; cie, 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 308, vol. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Vermeer, Oorsprong en Invloed: Fabritius, de Hooch, de Witte. </em>Exh. cat. Museum Boymans-Van Beuningen, Rotterdam.. [Rotterdam]: van Waesberge, Hoogewerff &amp; Richards, n. v., 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27, no. 63; reproduced: pl. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cNew Accessions Put on Display at Art Museum,\u201d July 9, 1963, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1136"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1963.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 10 (1963): 263-94.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 90", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974"}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 125", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n149"}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n148"}, {"citation": "Nash, J. M. <em>The Age of Rembrandt and Vermeer: Dutch Painting in the Seventeenth Century</em>. London, UK: Phaidon, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cDutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century.\u201d <em>Connoisseur</em> 184 (October 1973): 136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136, no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grisebach, Lucius. <em>Willem Kalf: 1619-1693</em>. Berlin: Mann, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 122 n. 267, 147, 148, 149, 160, 161, 272, 273, 277, 278, 279; Reproduced: p. 272 no. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n180"}, {"citation": "<em>Chinese Export Porcelains from the Collection of Dr. and Mrs. Harold L. Tonkin</em>. [University Park, PA]: Pennsylvania State University Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 251; Mentioned: p. 250", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carswell, John, and Jean McClure Mudge. <em>Blue and White: Chinese Porcelain and Its Impact on the Western World</em>. Chicago, IL: The Gallery, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C. <em>A Guide to Dutch Art in America</em>. Washington, D.C.: Netherlands-American Amity Trust, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 339, fig. 93; Mentioned: p. 67-68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Segal, Sam, and William B. Jordan. <em>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands, 1600-1700</em>. The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 195, 249 no. 56; Reproduced: p. 249", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kujer, Susanne, and Michael-Rene\u0301 Ursprung. <em>Vom Leben der Dinge--Stilleben: Schulbegleitbuch u\u0308ber Gema\u0308lde, Zeichnungen und Druckgraphik des Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinstitutes und der Sta\u0308dtischen Galerie in Frankfurt am Main</em>. Frankfurt am Main: Sta\u0308dtische Galerie im Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinstitut, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru, and Tatsushi Takahashi. <em>Barokku 2</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, JP: Sho\u0304gakukan, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 298, no. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Still-life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720</em>. Alan Chong, W T. Kloek, and Celeste Brusati. Exh. Cat. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, and Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Waanders Publishers, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 219-221, cat. 51.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Magic of Things: Still-Life Painting, 1500-1800</em>. Jochen Sander. Exh. cat. Frankfurt-am-Main: Stadel Museum and Basel: Kunstmuseum, in association with Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 309-310, fig. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kehoe, Marsely L. <em>Trade, Globalization, and Dutch Art and Architecture: Interrogating Dutchness and the Golden Age. </em>Amsterdam : Amsterdam University Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52, plate 4", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.292", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.292/1962.292_web.jpg", "width": "747", "height": "893", "filesize": "376484", "filename": "1962.292_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.292/1962.292_print.jpg", "width": "2844", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4884927", "filename": "1962.292_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.292/1962.292_full.tif", "width": "3756", "height": "4490", "filesize": "50625164", "filename": "1962.292_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 138359, "creators": [{"id": 2673, "description": "Willem Kalf (Dutch, 1619\u20131693)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1619", "death_year": "1693", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-11-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1663, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1663", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Wine Glass on a Gilded Silver Foot and a Bowl of Fruit", "Still Life"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:05:09.377000"}, {"id": 98268, "accession_number": "1917.946", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "George Washington at Princeton, c. 1779. Charles Willson Peale (American, 1741\u20131827), and Workshop. Oil on canvas; framed: 153 x 144 x 7 cm (60 1/4 x 56 11/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 131 x 121.6 cm (51 9/16 x 47 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Membership Income Fund, 1917.946", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "George Washington at Princeton", "creation_date": "c. 1779", "creation_date_earliest": 1774, "creation_date_latest": 1784, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 153 x 144 x 7 cm (60 1/4 x 56 11/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 131 x 121.6 cm (51 9/16 x 47 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.53, "height_inch": 60, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.44, "width_inch": 56, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.31, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 1.216, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443702, "title": "Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus", "description": "<i>Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-June 26, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art; The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October 1936), cat. no. 38.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Art: The International Language (2 October-4 November 1956)", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Greensburg, PA, The Westmoreland County Museum of Art, Two Hundred and Fifty Years of Art in Pennsylvania (1959), cat. no. 87, illus. plate 8.", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts, The Peale Family: Three Generations of American Artists (18 January-5 March 1967); traveled to Utica, NY, Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute (19 March-30 April 1967), cat. no. 52, illus. p. 13, listed p. 66-67.", "opening_date": "1967-01-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976 (6 March-11 April 1976); traveled to Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May-13 June 1976); Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September-10 October 1976), illus. cat. no. 1.", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum (6 June-8 September 1991)", "opening_date": "1991-06-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Colonel Frisby Tilghman [1773\u20131847], Talbot County, Maryland, by descent to his son-in-law, Thomas Jefferson McKaig", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The information provided by Macbeth Gallery mentions Tilghman\u2019s \u201chome in Rockland [MD] where the portrait hung for many years, never going out of the family until its recent sale to Macbeth Gallery.\u201d The painting\u2019s ownership prior to Tilghman is uncertain.&nbsp; In his <em>Portraits and Miniatures by Charles Willson Peale </em>(1952), Charles Coleman Sellers suggests that because the painting had been owned by Frisby Tilghman, it was probably painted for his father, Judge James Tilghman (1743-1809), who was well acquainted with the artist.&nbsp; This is purely conjecture, however, as there is no documentation confirming James Tilghman\u2019s ownership of the painting.</div>"], "date": "Probably until 1847", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "General Thomas Jefferson McKaig [1804\u20131882], Cumberland, Maryland, by descent to his son, Dr. Frisby Tilghman McKaig", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1847\u2013probably 1882", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Dr. Frisby Tilghman McKaig [1859\u20131921], Andrews, North Carolina, consigned to Jonce I. McGurk through Macbeth Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1882\u20131915", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Jonce I. McGurk through Macbeth Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1McKaig authorized McGurk to sell the painting on his behalf upon agreement of a price.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1915\u20131917", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Artist and scientist Peale directed the first dig of a mastodon skeleton in the US.", "description": "Because Peale served under General Washington and befriended him during the Revolutionary War, he was an ideal candidate to commemorate Washington's important early victory at Princeton, NJ. Here, in the quiet aftermath of battle, the general is accompanied by his horse and a groomsman, identified by some scholars as William Lee, a mixed-race enslaved man Washington forced to work as his personal assistant. Also present is a line of captured British redcoat soldiers that animates the background at left. <br><br>Peale produced several versions of this composition amid a rally of enthusiasm for the American cause. Whereas some were commissioned by American colonists\u2014as in the case here\u2014others were ordered by Washington's admirers in France, Spain, Holland, Cuba, and even England.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503039"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.946-george-washington-at"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Scharf, J. Thomas. <em>History of Western Maryland: Being a History of Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany, and Garrett Counties from the Earliest Period to the Present Day ; Including Biographical Sketches of Their Representative Men</em>. Philadelphia: L.H. Everts, 1882.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stock Disposition Cards, Sold Paintings, Macbeth Gallery records, 1838-1968, bulk, 1892-1953, Archives of American Art, Washington, DC.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Photographs of Artwork and Records of Paintings Sold, Box 156, Macbeth Gallery records, 1838-1968, bulk, 1892-1953, Archives of American Art, Washington, DC.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "DePrizio, Jennifer.  \"Finding Connections: Comparison as an interpretive learning tool.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine  </em>62, no. 1: 16-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 16.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Special Exhibition Cabinet.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 5, no. 1 (1918).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2; Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136158"}, {"citation": "\"Washington at the Battle of Princeton by Charles Wilson Peale.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 5, no. 2/3 (1918): 19-20.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: p. 19-20", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136170"}, {"citation": "\"Report of the Museum's Second Year.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 5, no. 6/7 (1918): 69-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 70, 71", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136208"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 527", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n97"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n219"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44 - 45", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.946", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.946/1917.946_web.jpg", "width": "823", "height": "893", "filesize": "463886", "filename": "1917.946_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.946/1917.946_print.jpg", "width": "3135", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7462233", "filename": "1917.946_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.946/1917.946_full.tif", "width": "7592", "height": "8232", "filesize": "187529100", "filename": "1917.946_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Membership Income Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 98268, "creators": [{"id": 2523, "description": "Charles Willson Peale (American, 1741\u20131827)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1827", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-12-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1774, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1779", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:18:09.081000"}, {"id": 122351, "accession_number": "1942.647", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16 October 1834, 1835. Joseph Mallord William Turner (British, 1775\u20131851). Oil on canvas; framed: 123.5 x 153.5 x 12 cm (48 5/8 x 60 7/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 92 x 123.2 cm (36 1/4 x 48 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.647", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, 16 October 1834", "creation_date": "1835", "creation_date_earliest": 1835, "creation_date_latest": 1835, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 123.5 x 153.5 x 12 cm (48 5/8 x 60 7/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 92 x 123.2 cm (36 1/4 x 48 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.235, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.535, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.12, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.92, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.232, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361411, "title": "Turner in America: Oils, Water Colors, Drawings, and Some Engraved Works of Joseph Mallord William Turner", "description": "<i>Turner in America: Oils, Water Colors, Drawings, and Some Engraved Works of Joseph Mallord William Turner</i>. Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, IN (organizer) (November 12, 1955-December 25, 1995); Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH (January 1-31, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-11-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 703001, "title": "The Romantic Movement", "description": "<i>The Romantic Movement</i>. The Board of Trustees of the Tate Gallery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (July 10-September 27, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515827, "title": "Turner: Imagination and Reality", "description": "<i>Turner: Imagination and Reality</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 23-June 19, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302662, "title": "Turner Watercolors from The British Museum", "description": "<i>Turner Watercolors from The British Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 27-November 27, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-09-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380209, "title": "Turner", "description": "<i>Turner</i>. National Gallery of Australia (organizer) (March 16-June 10, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 223416, "title": "J. M. Turner", "description": "<i>J. M. Turner</i>. Museum Folkwang, 45128 Essen, Germany (organizer) (September 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-09-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177207, "title": "J.M.W. Turner", "description": "<i>J.M.W. Turner</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 1, 2007-January 6, 2008); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (February 10-May 25, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 406868, "title": "Turner's Modern World", "description": "<i>Turner's Modern World</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (October 17, 2021-February 6, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/turners-modern-world; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (March 27-July 10, 2022) https://www.mfa.org/exhibition/turners-modern-world.", "opening_date": "2021-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 683135, "title": "Turner and Constable", "description": "<i>Turner and Constable</i>. Tate Britain, London (organizer) (November 27-April 12, 2025) https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/turner-and-constable.", "opening_date": "2025-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons</em>. Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1835).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Works of British Artists</em>. British Institution, London, United Kingdom (1836).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>National Exhibition of Works of Art</em>. Leeds, United Kingdom, lent by J. G. Marshall, Esg. (1868)", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of works by the old master and deceased masters of the British school</em>. Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom, lent by Victor Marshall, Esg. (1883),", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, lent by the Estate of John L. Severance (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Bought from the artist by John Garth Marshall [1765-1845], Headingly House, Leeds, United Kingdom, and by descent.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, United Kingdom, April 28, 1888, under the name of Ponsford.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1888", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Descended in the Marshall family through Victor Marshall of Mark Coniston to James Marshall.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Leicester Gallery, London, United Kingdom, 1920, sale; but returned to owner)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Knoedler, London, United Kingdom, 1922, sold to  John L. Severance)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1922", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland, OH, by bequest in 1936 to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1922-1936", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Turner painted two versions of this event. Cleveland's painting views the fire downriver, from the southeast bank of the Thames, while the second version at the Philadelphia Museum of Art views the fire from directly across Westminster Bridge.", "description": "Fire consumed London\u2019s famous Houses of Parliament on the night of October 16, 1834, and people gathered along the banks of the river Thames to gaze in awe at the horrifying spectacle. Initially, a low tide made it difficult to pump water to land and hampered steamers towing firefighting equipment along the river. The blaze burned uncontrollably for hours.<br><br>J. M. W. Turner records the struggle as the boats in the lower-right corner head toward the flames. Although Turner based the painting on an actual event, he magnified the height of the flames, using the disaster as the starting point to express man\u2019s helplessness when confronted with the destructive powers of nature. Brilliant swathes of color and variable atmospheric effects border on abstraction.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514853"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.647-the-burning-of-the-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 280", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waagen, Gustav Friedrich. <em>Works of Art and Artists in England</em>. London, United Kingdom: J. Murray, 1838.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts. <em>Exhibition of the Works of the Old Masters.</em> London, United Kingdom: Printed by Wm. Clowes and Sons, 1870.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 215", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thornbury, Walter. <em>Life of J.M.W. Turner, R.A., Founded on Letters and Papers Furnished by His Friends and Fellow-Academicians</em>. New York, NY: Holt, 1877.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 327, vol. I, p. 217, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monkhouse, W. Cosmo. <em>The Turner Gallery; A Series of One Hundred and Twenty Engravings from the Works of the Late J.M.W. Turner, R.A</em>. New York, NY: D. Appleton and Company, 1879.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Walter.<em>Turner</em>. London, United Kingdom: Agnew, 1902.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117,120,146-147,236", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chignell, Robert. <em>J.M.W. Turner, R.A</em>. London, United Kingdom: Walter Scott Pub. Co, 1902.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ruskin, John, Edward Tyas Cook, and Alexander D. O. Wedderburn. <em>The Works of John Ruskin</em>. London, United Kingdom: George Allen, 1903.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 423-424, vol. 3; Reproduced: p. 389, vol. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904</em>. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813-1912</em>. London, United Kingdom: Graves, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1334. vol. 3, Reproduced: p. 1336", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hind, C. Lewis. <em>Turner's Golden Visions</em>. London, United Kingdom: T.C. &amp; E.C. Jack, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whitley, William T. <em>Art in England, 1821-1837</em>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: University Press, 1930.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 298", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936.", "page_number": "no. 249", "url": null}, {"citation": "John Long Severance Art Collection Photographs: Furniture, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 301", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceFurniture/page/n299/mode/1up"}, {"citation": "Finberg, A. J. <em>The Life of J.M.W. Turner, R.A</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 500, no. 463, pl. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [23], Plate IX, cat. no. 16; Mention: p. 25, cat. no. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Department of Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>29, no. 9 (November 1942): 132-136", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134; Mentioned: p. 136", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n28"}, {"citation": "Constable, W. G., and Henry Preston Rossiter. <em>An Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings and Prints by J.M.W. Turner, John Constable [and] R.P. Bonington. March 21 to April 28, 1946</em>. Bsoton, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, 1946.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>An Exhibition of Paintings by J.M.W. Turner (1775-1851) to Commemorate the Centennial of His Death</em>. Toronto, Ontario: Art Gallery of Toronto, National Gallery of Canada, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Seeing and Knowing</em>. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1953.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33; Reproduced: p. 48, no. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Turner in America: Oils, Water Colors, Drawings, and Some Engraved Works of Joseph Mallord William Turner, English, 1775-1851</em>. Indianapolis, IN: Art Association of Indianapolis, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 476", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Arts Council of Great Britain. <em>The Romantic Movement: Fifth Exhibition to Celebrate the Tenth Anniversary of the Council of Europe, 10 July to 27 September 1959 [at] the Tate Gallery and the Arts Council Gallery, London</em>. London, United Kingdom: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 353, pl. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rothenstein, John, and Martin Butlin. <em>Turner</em>. New York, NY: G. Braziller, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48-50, 54; Reproduced: p, 64, opl. xvii", "url": null}, {"citation": "Birren, Faber. <em>History of Color in Painting, With New Principles of Color Expression</em>. New York, NY: Reinhold Pub. Corp, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261, pl. xi; Mentioned: p. 185, 260", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n207"}, {"citation": "Lindsay, Jack. <em>J.M.W. Turner: His Life and Work; A Critical Biography</em>. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 178-182, 187, 204", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gowing, Lawrence. <em>Turner: Imagination and Reality</em>. New York, NY. Museum of Modern Art,1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45,59; Reproduced: no, 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnason, H. H. <em>History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16, pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gatt, Giuseppe. <em>Turner: The Life and Work of the Artist Illustrated with 80 Colour Plates</em>. London, United Kingdom: Thames &amp; Hudson, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33; Reproduced: pl. 49-50", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n207"}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>The British Institution, 1806-1867; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from the Foundation of the Institution</em>. Bath, United Kingdom: Kingsmead Reprints, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 545", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gage, John. <em>Color in Turner; Poetry and Truth</em>. New York. NY: Praeger, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117, 252; Reproduced on dust jacket", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reynolds, Graham. <em>Turner</em>. London, United Kingdom: Thames &amp; Hudson, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 81, 165; Reproduced: p. 214, pl. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hirsh, Diana. <em>The World of Turner, 1775-1851</em>. New York, NY: Time-Life Books, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 154-155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blunden, Maria, Godfrey Blunden, and James Emmons. <em>Impressionists and Impressionism</em>. Geneva, Switzerland : Skira; New York, NY : Distributed in the United States by World Pub. Co., 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Munro, Thomas. <em>Form and Style in the Arts: An Introduction to Aesthetic Morphology</em>. Cleveland, OH: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, J. M. W. <em>Ta\u0304na\u0304 = Turner</em>. Tokyo, Japan: Bijutsu shuppan-sha, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>L'impressionnisme</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301alite\u0301s, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valsecchi, Marco. <em>Landscape Painting of the 19th Century</em>. Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 371, pl. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Kenneth. <em>The Romantic Rebellion: Romantic Versus Classic Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Sotheby Parke Bernet Publications Ltd., 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 256", "url": null}, {"citation": "Philadelphia Museum of Art, and George H. Marcus. <em>Treasures of the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the John G. Johnson Collection</em>. Philadelphia, PA: The Museum, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Centraal Museum (Utrecht, Netherlands). <em>Landschap in Utrecht: Centraal Museum Utrecht, 18 september-3 november 1974</em>. [Utrecht]: [Centraal Museum], 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tate Gallery. <em>Turner, 1775-1851</em>. London, United Kingdom: Tate Gallery Publications, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cJohn Constable: Branch Hill Pond, Hampstead Heath.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 3 (March 1974): 97\u2013115.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 104-105, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152518"}, {"citation": "Herrmann, Luke. <em>Turner: Paintings, Watercolors, Prints &amp; Drawings</em>. Boston, MA: New York Graphic Society, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42, pl. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Selz, Jean. <em>Turner</em>. New York, NY: Crown Publishers, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Butlin, Martin, and Evelyn Joll. <em>The Paintings of J.M.W. Turner</em>. New Haven, CT: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art and the Tate Gallery by Yale University Press, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 364, vol. I and pl, 339, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n228"}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh. <em>Romanticism</em>. New York, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 97; Reproduced: p. 383, fig. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomas, David. <em>J.M.W. Turner</em>. London, United Kingdom: Medici Society, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilton, Andrew. <em>J.M.W. Turner: His Art and Life</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 218, 364", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilton, Andrew. <em>Turner and the Sublime</em>. London, United Kingdom: Published by British Museum Publications for the Art Gallery of Ontario, the Yale Center for British Art, the Trustees of the British Museum, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joll, Evelyn, Martin Butlin, and Gemma Verchi. <em>L'opera completa di Turner</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 377", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paulson, Ronald. <em>Book and Painting: Shakespeare, Milton, and the Bible : Literary Texts and the Emergence of English Painting</em>. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 147; Reproduced: p. 149 p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid M. <em>Looking at Art: A Visitor's Guide to Museum Collections</em>. New York, NY: R.R. Bowker, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 367-368; Reproduced: pl. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Butlin, Martin, and Evelyn Joll. <em>The Paintings of J.M.W. Turner</em>. New Haven, CT: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art and the Tate Gallery by Yale University Press, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 208, vol. 1; Reproduced: p, 210, no. 364", "url": null}, {"citation": "Solender, Katherine. <em>Dreadful Fire!: Burning of the Houses of Parliament</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heffernan, James A. W. <em>The Re-Creation of Landscape: A Study of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Constable, and Turner</em>. Hanover, CT: Published for Dartmouth College by University Press of New England, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24; Reproduced: p. 223, fig. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleaver, Dale G. <em>Art: An Introduction</em>. San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 281, fig. 17-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lindsay, Jack. <em>Turner: The Man and His Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Granada, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123-125; Reproduced: pl. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorment, Richard. <em>British Painting in the Philadelphia Museum of Art: From the Seventeenth Through the Nineteenth Century</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 396,398, 401; Reproduced: fig. 111-1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kroeber, Karl. <em>British Romantic Art</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 168, 169; Reproduced: fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larson, Dean M. <em>Studying with the Masters: Lessons from Rubens, Vela\u0301zquez, Turner, Degas, Monet, Sargent, Matisse</em>. New York, NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eitner, Lorenz. <em>An Outline of 19th Century European Painting: From David Through Ce\u0301zanne</em>. New York, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 149, vol. 1; Reproduced: fig. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gage, John. <em>J.M.W. Turner: A Wonderful Range of Mind</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 226; Reproduced: p. 233, no. 89, fig. 320", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kurtz, Bruce D. <em>Visual Imagination: An Introduction to Art</em>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178, fig. 7-19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilton, Andrew. <em>Turner in His Time</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 183-184; Reproduced: p. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Steven. <em>The Art of the Pre-Raphaelites</em>. Secaucus, NJ.: Chartwell Books, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, Jeremy. <em>The Light Eternal: A Study of J.M.W. Turner</em>. London, United Kingdom: Crescent Moon, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ginzburg Carignani, Silvia. <em>Turner</em>. New York, NY: Arch Cape Press, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17, fig. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klien, Wolfgang. <em>Der Siegeszug der Landschaftsmalerei: eine Entwicklungsgeschichte der Landschaftsmalerei in Europa</em>. Hamburg, Germany: Jahn &amp; Ernst, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferrier, Jean-Louis, and Sophie Monneret. <em>L'aventure de l'art au XIXe sie\u0300cle</em>. Paris. France: Hachette 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 378", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mathes, Charles. <em>Treasures of American Museums</em>. New York, NY: Mallard Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 121, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meyer, Laure. <em>Les mai\u0302tres du paysage anglais: de la Renaissance a\u0300 nos jours</em>. Paris, France: Terrail, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110; Reproduced: p. 112-113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lyles, Anne. <em>Turner: the Fifth Decade: Watercolours 1830-1840</em>. London, United Kingdom: Tate Gallery, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 71-73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nagata, Yoshio. <em>Ta\u0304na\u0304 = William Turner</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Breuille, Jean-Philippe. <em>L'Art du XIXe sie\u0300cle: dictionnaire de peinture et de sculpture</em>. Paris, France: Larousse, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 719", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daniels, Stephen. <em>Fields of Vision: Landscape Imagery and National Identity in England and the United States</em>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 130, 132, 134; Reproduced: p. 136, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, Michelle, and J. M. W. Turner. <em>J.M.W. Turner's The Burning of the Houses of Parliament, 16th October, 1834, an Allegory of Misrule</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kenner, Robert. <em>J.M.W. Turner</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Egerton, Judy. <em>Turner, the Fighting Temeraire</em>. London, United Kingdom: National Gallery Publications, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liversidge, M. J. H., and Catharine Edwards. <em>Imagining Rome: British Artists and Rome in the Nineteenth Century</em>. London, United Kingdom: Merrell Holberton, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenthal, Michael. \"Turner in Australia.\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 144 (October 1996): 51.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lloyd, Michael. <em>Turner</em>. Canberra, Australia, ACT: National Gallery of Australia, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 87-99; Reproduced: p. 89, 231", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strasser, Rene\u0301. <em>Die Stadt als Landschaft</em>. Rorschach, Switzerland: E. Lo\u0308pfe-Benz AG, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Suzuki, Haruo, and Chieko Hasegawa. <em>100 chefs-d'\u0153uvres du monde</em>. Tokyo, Japan: Kyuryudo, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97, no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Anthony. <em>Standing in the Sun: A Life of J.M.W. Turner</em>. New York, NY: Harper Collins Publishers, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 288-299, 301, 333-335; Reproduced: 358-359", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rottmann, Carl, Christoph H. Heilmann, and Erika Ro\u0308diger-Diruf. <em>Landschaft als Geschichte: Carl Rottmann, 1797-1850, Hofmaler Ko\u0308nig Ludwigs I</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Hirmer, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43, pl. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lammerhuber, Lois, and Alexander Smoltczyk. <em>Das Dach der Welt seine Geschichte, seine Magie, sein Gesicht und seine Sprache</em>. Baden, Germany: Ed. Lammerhuber, 1998.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Marceau, Jo. <em>Art: A World History</em>. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 462", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lambourne, Lionel. <em>Victorian Painting</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22-23; Reproduced: no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings: Part Four;European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 213", "url": null}, {"citation": "Butlin, Martin, Luke Herrmann, and Evelyn Joll. <em>The Oxford Companion to J.M.W. Turner</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilton, Andrew and Georg-W. Ko\u0308ltzsch. <em>William Turner: Licht und Farbe : eine Ausstellung in Zusammenarbeit mit Tate</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: DuMont, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 248; Mentioned: p. 362", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 47-48; Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meslay, Olivier. <em> l'incendie de la peinture</em>. Paris, France: Gallimard, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 98-99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Laurie. <em>A History of Western Art</em>. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 407, fig. 22.14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Owen, Susan Margaret. <em>Rivers and the British Landscape</em>. Lancaste, United Kingdomr: Carnegie, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meslay, Olivier. <em>Turner: Life and Landscape</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 98-99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, NY: The Frick Collection, 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70-73; Reproduced: no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gage, John. <em>Colour in Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74, fig. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Channing, Laurence, \"Personal and Professional\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 10, December 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-10/page/4"}, {"citation": "Warrell, Ian and Franklin Kelly. <em>J.M.W. Turner</em>. London, United Kingdom: Tate Publishing, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184, fig. 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gage, John, He\u0301le\u0300ne Tronc, and Odile Me\u0301ne\u0301gaux. <em>Turner</em>. Paris, France: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2010", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 356-357; Reproduced: fig. 282, front dust jacket", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oge\u0301e, Fre\u0301de\u0301ric. <em>Turner les paysages absolus</em>. Paris, France: Hazan, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 186-187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnason, H. Harvard, and Elizabeth Mansfield. <em>History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13, no. 1.15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Laurie. <em>A History of Western Art</em>. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 411, fig. 22.15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richter-Musso, Ines, Ortrud Westheider, James Hamilton, and Michael Philipp. <em>Turner and the Elements</em>. Munich, Germany: Hirmer, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184, no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": ".Buren, Daniel. <em>Revealed: Turner Contemporary Opens</em>. Margate, United Kingdom: Turner Contemporary, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vacha, John. \"Art Gets It's Due.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 51, no. 4 (July/August 2011): 7-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2011-04/page/6/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Costello, Leo. <em>J.M.W. Turner and the Subject of History</em>. Farnham, Surrey, United Kingdom: Ashgate, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95, fig. 2.17", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 228-229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 288", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Moyle, Franny, and J. M. W. Turner. <em>Turner: The Extraordinary Life and Momentous Times of J.M.W. Turner</em>. London : Viking, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 381; Reproduced: endpapers", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lapucci, Roberta &amp; Borgioli, Leonardo. \"Un inedito duplice bozetto di Joseph Mallallord William Turner.\" <em>Kermes: la rivista del restauro</em> 29, no.101/102 (Jan./June 2016).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110; fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cheshire, Lee. <em>London in Paint</em>. London, United Kingdom : Tate Publishing, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: P. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's. \"Critical Reception.\" <em>Old Masters, Evening Sale</em>, July 5, 2017: 116-119.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hunter, Matthew C. \"Curve, Line, Circle, Slash, Cross: A Diagram of Liquid Intelligence.\" <em>Grey Room </em>69 (Fall 2017): 6-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"A Bright New Welcome: The corridor in the museum's main entrance will be flooded with lights and color by Spencer Finch's<em> Color Test 2010 (9 Permutations</em>).\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 58. no. 2 (March/April 2018): 30-31.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 31 and Mentioned: P. 30", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n15/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Ehrlich, Linda C. \"Turning Away from the Fire: A New Look at Films of Kore-eda Hirokazu.\"<em> Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media 60, no. 1 (Spring 2019): 116-140. <br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cReimaging the British Galleries: Our curators preview the new look of the space.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 59, no. 6 (November/December 2019): 5-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 5.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Masello, David. \"Backlit: looking into Turner's light.\" <em>Fine Art Connoisseur </em>17, no. 1 (January/February 2020): 90-93.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reynolds, Graham. <em>Turner</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 157; Mentioned: P. 156, no. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Faroult, Guillaume, Sophie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my, Sandra Buratti-Hasan, and Jenny Gaschke. Absolutely bizarre !: les dro\u0302les d'histoire de l'e\u0301cole de Bristol (1800-1840). 2020, 114.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 113-114, fig. 46.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arcangeli, Francesco, and Filippo Milani. Dal romanticismo all'informale. 2020, 183.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192; reproduced: p. 183, No. 160.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ellcock, Stephen. <em>The Book of Change: Images to Inspire Revelations and Revolutions.</em> London: September Publishing, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30Reproduced: p. 234", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Imhof, Michael, and J. M. W. Turner. William Turner: Leben und Werk. Petersberg : Michael Imhof Verlag, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 195; reproduced: pp. 192-193", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hunter, Matthew C. \"The Sun is God: Turner, Angerstein, and Insurance.\" <em>Oxford Art Journal</em> 47, n. 1 (2024): 39-65.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover, p. 52 (fig. 8), 64 (fig. 11 detail); Mentioned: p. 51, 64", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Moorby, Nicola. <em>Turner and Constable: Art, Life, Landscape. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Jacket cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Concannon, Amy, ed. <em>Turner &amp; Constable: Rivals and Originals. </em>London: Tate Publishing, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 198-199, no. 162", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cTurner versus Constable.\" <em>L\u2019Estampille, L\u2019objet d\u2019Art</em>, n. 628 (December 2025): 16.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Imhof, Michael. <em>Die Malerei der Romantik: von Friedrich bis Turner.</em> Petersberg, Deutschland: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 651, 653", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lin, Savi. \u201cThe Eternal Dialogue Between Light and Shadow and Reality: the Rivalry Between Turner and Constable, Founders of the British Landscape Painting School.\u201d <em>Yi shu jia</em>, i. 610 (March 2026): 68-75.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 74", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.647", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "668", "filesize": "241680", "filename": "1942.647_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2525", "filesize": "3069687", "filename": "1942.647_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_full.tif", "width": "15155", "height": "11254", "filesize": "511692212", "filename": "1942.647_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "683", "filesize": "261878"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2582", "filesize": "3465872"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7594", "height": "5768", "filesize": "131435400"}, "date_created": "2017-01-23T10:45:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "679", "filesize": "224408"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2566", "filesize": "2916456"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7681", "height": "5797", "filesize": "133608516"}, "date_created": "2017-01-23T10:51:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1205", "height": "893", "filesize": "790219"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2519", "filesize": "6049467"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.647/1942.647_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4075", "filesize": "67269068"}, "date_created": "2007-02-12T17:29:40", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 122351, "creators": [{"id": 1280, "description": "Joseph Mallord William Turner (British, 1775\u20131851)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Joseph Mallord William Turner, the supreme landscape painter of the romantic era, had the exceptional good fortune to be the son of a Covent Garden barber and wigmaker who thoroughly supported his aspirations to paint pictures. As an adolescent, Turner colored engravings for the print sellers and apprenticed with architectural draftsman Thomas Malton (1726-1801). Although he entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1789, Turner's substantive artistic training came from his numerous self-conducted topographical drawing tours of the British Isles in the early 1790s and from his camaraderie with Thomas Girtin (1775-1802), with whom he copied the masterworks of landscape watercolorist John Robert Cozens (1752-1799) in the collection of Dr. Thomas Monro (1759-1833). Turner submitted his first oil painting, a seascape, for exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1796 and was elected an associate member three years later, at the earliest permissible age. Devoted to the academy's lofty mission, as it had been articulated by the recently deceased Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) in his annual lectures to the students of the academy, Turner would relish his election as a full academician in 1802 and would serve as professor of perspective from 1807 until 1837. His masterpieces of the early decades (and there seems an endless succession of works with title to that distinction) were either homages to past masters of landscape painting or entirely personal interpretations of the most extraordinary range of naturalistic effects and subjects. Whether it was The Fifth Plague of Egypt (1800, Indianapolis Museum of Art) and its amalgam of allusions to Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) and Richard Wilson (1714-1782), The Dort Packet-Boat from Rotterdam Becalmed (1818, Yale Center for British Art, New Haven), with its overt tribute to Aelbert Cuyp (1620-1691), or The Fall of an Avalanche in the Grisons (1810, Tate Gallery, London), with its unprecedented invention of horrific naturalistic detail that challenged conventional notions of the sublime in art, the net effect of Turner's achievement was to elevate landscape painting to a status within the traditional hierarchy of genres that it had rarely enjoyed since the seventeenth century. Unlike Constable (q.v.), Turner was an indefatigable traveler abroad. His first visit to Switzerland in 1802 resulted in a spectacular series of exhibition watercolors that boldly established watercolor painting as a vital medium of original expression. A tour of Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Rhine in 1817 was followed by his first protracted stay in Italy in 1819. After 1820 summer excursions to France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and especially Venice were almost annual occurrences. Gradually, and primarily after the 1819 Italian sojourn, Turner's palette lightened. Traditional notions of chiaroscuro, of alternating bands of light and dark earth colors, yielded to compositions orchestrated in brighter hues, in which the various colors move across the painted surface almost at will, little respecting the forms they describe but in perfect balance.\r\nDuring the 1820s and early 1830s Turner committed vast amounts of his creative capital to the production of literary and travel illustrations. These kept an entire generation of engravers employed for several decades. Despite the tendency of his era to stigmatize reproductive engraving as an inferior instrument of artistic presentation, Turner was preoccupied with its processes and potential, acutely aware that, long after his pigments had faded, his reputation would be secure in the more durable brilliance of the engraver's deftly crafted reproductions. A second trip to Italy in 1828 may partially account for the heightened coloring of Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus (1828, National Gallery, London), which John Ruskin described as a pivotal picture in Turner's career. But there was very little falling off in either technical or thematic invention during the last decades of Turner's life. In major oils like Snow Storm-Steam Boat Off a Harbor's Mouth (1842, Tate Gallery, London) and Rain, Steam and Speed (1844, National Gallery, London) and no less measure in the series of elaborately finished Swiss watercolors executed on commission at the end of his life, natural forms occupy an uncertain place between concrete reality and total dissolution by light into the colors and images of what Monet (q.v.) admiringly called the \"exuberant romanticism of Turner's fancy.\" Perspective can be intentionally distorted and the color schemes can approach the brazenly artificial, yet somehow the fundamental truth of Turner's vision, his faith in the supreme forces of nature and in the artist's preeminence as the mediator of that experience, continues to persuade.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1775", "death_year": "1851", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1835, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1835", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Burning of the Houses of Parliament, 1834"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:58:26.016000"}, {"id": 148758, "accession_number": "1976.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Crucifixion of Saint Andrew, 1606\u20137. Caravaggio (Italian, 1571\u20131610). Oil on canvas; framed: 233.5 x 184 x 12 cm (91 15/16 x 72 7/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 202.5 x 152.7 cm (79 3/4 x 60 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1976.2", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "The Crucifixion of Saint Andrew", "creation_date": "1606\u20137", "creation_date_earliest": 1606, "creation_date_latest": 1607, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Naples"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 233.5 x 184 x 12 cm (91 15/16 x 72 7/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 202.5 x 152.7 cm (79 3/4 x 60 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.335, "height_inch": 91, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.84, "width_inch": 72, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.12, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 2.025, "height_inch": 79, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.527, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "<i>Year in Review, 1976</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442218, "title": "Painting in Naples from Caravaggio to Giordano", "description": "<i>Painting in Naples from Caravaggio to Giordano</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (October 2-December 12, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213644, "title": "Caravaggio: The Last Years", "description": "<i>Caravaggio: The Last Years</i>. Museo di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy (October 23, 2004-January 23, 2005); National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (February 23-May 22, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 215387, "title": "Rembrandt - Caravaggio", "description": "<i>Rembrandt - Caravaggio</i>. Van Gogh Museum, 1070 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands (February 25-June 16, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-02-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205251, "title": "Conservation in Focus: Caravaggio's Crucifixion of Saint Andrew", "description": "<i>Conservation in Focus: Caravaggio's Crucifixion of Saint Andrew</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 3-September 14, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-06-03T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Don Juan Alonso Pimentel y Herrera, Eighth Conde de Benavente, Spanish viceroy in Naples \tfrom 1603 until July 1610", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Don Juan Francisco Alonso Pimentel y Ponce de L\u00e9on (grandson of above, inherited) Tenth \tConde de Benavente, Valladolid", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "An unidentified convent in Castilla, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "A. Tors, Madrid", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Jos\u00e9 Manuel Arnaiz, Madrid, 1973.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although Saint Andrew is typically associated with an X-shaped cross, here he is depicted on a standard vertical cross.", "description": "Saint Andrew\u2019s efforts to introduce Christianity to Greece in the first century CE were met with hostility from local authorities. He was sentenced to die on the cross because he refused to acknowledge pagan gods. For two days, Andrew preached from his martyr\u2019s station to an increasingly sympathetic crowd. Bowing to public demand, Andrew\u2019s would-be executioners attempted to untie him, but their hands were mysteriously paralyzed. Andrew\u2019s desire for martyrdom was thus fulfilled and he died enveloped in divine light. Caravaggio\u2019s innovative interpretation involves the viewer more closely in the event by presenting the crucifixion as intimate and private, rather than as a gruesome public spectacle. Bold contrasts of light and dark suggest the presence of God. A masterpiece of Baroque painting, Caravaggio\u2019s <em>Crucifixion of Saint Andrew</em> is the only altarpiece by the artist in America.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3221991"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.2-the-crucifixion-of-s"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Zafran, Eric M. \"Caravaggio in America \u2013 Part 3,\" <em>Nicholashall.art </em>(September 24, 2024).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.nicholashall.art/journal/caravaggio-in-america-part-3/"}, {"citation": "Zahn, Leopold, and Georg Kirsta. <em>Caravaggio</em>. Berlin: Albertusverlag, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Longhi, Roberto. \"Ultimi Studi Sul Caravaggio e la Sua Cerchia.\" <em>Proporzioni </em>I (1943): 5-63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P.17-18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garci\u0301a Chico, Esteban. \"El palacio del Conde de Benavente\" In <em>Boletin de la Academia de Bellas Artes de la Purisma Concepcion de Valladolid </em>IX (1946): 13-30.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garci\u0301a Chico, Esteban. \"Varios Inventarios.\" <em>Documentos Para el Estudio del Arte en Castilla </em>3, pt. 1 (1946): 385-399.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 393", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ainaud, J. \"Ribalta Y Caravaggio.\" <em>Anales Y Boleti\u0301n De Los Museos De Arte De Barcelona / Ayuntamiento De Barcelona</em> V (1947): 345-413.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 366, 380, 381 n. 59, 382, 406", "url": null}, {"citation": "Green, Otis H., and Denis Mahon. \"Caravaggio's Death: A New Document.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 93, no. 579 (June 1951): 202-04.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 203, n. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/870609."}, {"citation": "Mahon, Denis. \"Addenda to Caravaggio.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 94, no. 586 (January 1952): 3-23.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 19", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/870727."}, {"citation": "Hinks, Roger. <em>Michelangelo Merisi Da Caravaggio: His Life, His Legend, His Works</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1953.", "page_number": "p. 120; Reproduced: plate no. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baumgart, Fritz. <em>Caravaggio: Kunst und Wirklichkeit</em>. Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1955.", "page_number": "p. 44, 108; Reproduced: plate no. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Re\u0301au, Louis.<em> Iconographie de l'Art Chre\u0301tien</em>. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. III, pt. 1, p. 80, 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Soehner, Halldohr. \"Die Malerei in Spanien und Frankreich um Caravaggio.\" <em>Kunstchronik</em> VIII (1955): 249-253.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 250", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ainaud, Juan. 1955. \"Le Caravagisme en Espagne\". <em>Cahiers De Bordeaux/ Journe\u0301es Internationales D'Etudes D'Art </em>II (1955): 21-26.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Friedlaender, Walter. 1955. \"Re\u0301flexions sur les Proble\u0300mes Pose\u0301s a\u0300 l'Exposition\". <em>Cahiers De Bordeaux/Journe\u0301es Internationales D'Etudes D'Art </em>II (1955): 27-30.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jullian, Rene. \"Caravage a Naples.\" <em>La Revue des Arts </em>V (June 1955): 79-90.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 84, 88, 90, n. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Ein Hauptwerk Caravaggios Wiederentdeckt.\" <em>Die Weltkunst</em> XXV, no. 14 (July 15, 1955): 9.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Merisi da, Michelangelo and Costantino Baroni. <em>Tutta la pittura del Caravaggio. A cura di Costantino Baroni</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Samek Ludovici, Sergio. <em>Vita del Caravaggio: dalle testimonianze del suo tempo</em>. Milano, Italy: Edizioni del Milione, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69, no. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wagner, Hugo. <em>Michelangelo da Caravaggio</em>. Bern, Switzerland: Eicher, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 233", "url": null}, {"citation": "Back-Vega, Emmerich, and Christa Back-Vega. \"A Lost Masterpiece by Caravaggio.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 40, no. 1 (March 1958): 65-66.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 65-66", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3047748"}, {"citation": "Longhi, Roberto. \"Un'Opera Estrema del Caravaggio.\" <em>Paragone </em>IX, no. 111 (March 1959): 21-32.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 27-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guinard, Paul. <em>Zurbara\u0301n et les peintres espagnols de la vie monastique</em>. Paris, France: E\u0301ditions du Temps, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Longhi, Roberto. \"Un Originale del Caravaggio a Rouen e il Problema Delle Copie Caravaggesche.\" <em>Paragone </em>XI, no. 121 (January 1960): 23-36.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jullian, Rene\u0301. <em>Caravage</em>. Paris, Lyon: Editions IAC, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 174; Reproduced: p. 181, no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delogu, Giuseppe. <em>Caravaggio</em>. Milano, Italy: \"Silvana\" Editoriale d'Arte, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Il Caravaggio</em>. Novara: Istituto geografico de Agostini, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kitson, Michael. <em>The Complete Paintings of Caravaggio</em>. New York. NY: Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p, 105, under no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moir, Alfred. <em>The Italian Followers of Caravaggio</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 158, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bodart, Didier. <em>Louis Finson / Bruges, avant 1580-Amsterdam, 1617</em>. Brussels, Belgium: Palais des Academies, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15; Mentioned: p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da, Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua, and Mia Cinotti. <em>Il Caravaggio e le sue grandi opere da San Luigi dei Francesi</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136, and 199 no. 512", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valdivieso, Enrique. <em>La Pintura en Valladolid en el siglo XVII.</em> Valladolid: [Diputacio\u0301n Provincial], 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 19, n. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marini, Maurizio. \"Tre Proposte per il Caravaggio Meridionale.\" <em>Arte Illustrata</em> XLIII-XLIV (Sept/Oct 1971): 56-65.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 56-58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Causa, Raffaello. La Pittura del Seicento a Napoli dal Naturalismo al Barocco; La Natura Morta a Napoli nel Sei e nel Settecento. [Napoli]: Societa\u0300 Editrice Storia di Napoli, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 916", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marini, Maurizio. I<em>o Michelangelo da Caravaggio.</em> Roma: Studio B di Bestetti e Bozzi, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 235, 433-435; Reproduced: p. 235, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cinotti, Mia. <em>Immagine del Caravaggio. Mostra didattica itinerante. Catalogo</em>. Cinisello Balsamo: Pizzi, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.99, no. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mariani, Valerio. <em>Caravaggio</em>. Roma, Italy: Istituto poligrafico dello Stato, Libreria, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sanchez, Alfonso E. Pe\u0301rez. <em>Caravaggio y el naturalismo espan\u0303ol: exposicio\u0301n realizada con motivo del XXIII Congreso Internacional de Historia del Arte, Sevilla, Sala de Armas de los Reales Aleazares, septiembre-octubre 1973</em>. Madrid, Spain: Comisari\u0301a General de Exposiciones, Direccio\u0301n General de Bellas Artes, Ministerio de Educacio\u0301n y Ciencia, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned in unpaginated introduction.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borea, Evelina. \"Caravaggio e la Spagna: osservazioni su una mostra a Siviglia.\" <em>Bollettino D'Arte</em> LIX, n. 1-2, ser. V (1974): 43-52.", "page_number": "p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Friedlaender, Walter. <em>Caravaggio Studies</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 254; Mentioned: p. 210", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Enriqueta. \"Caravaggio e il Naturalismo Spagnolo.\" <em>Arte Illustrata</em> VII, no. 58 (1974): 233-245.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 237, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. \"Caravaggio and the Caravaggesques: Some Recent Research.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>116.859 (October 1974): 603-616.", "page_number": "p. 602, 605, 607-608; Reproduced: p. 605, no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bellori, Giovan Pietro. <em>Le vite de' pittori, scultori e architetti moderni.</em> Edited by Evelina Borea. Torino: Giulio Einaudi, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 232-233", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Notizen.\" <em>Alte und Moderne Kunst </em>XXI, no. 146 (1976): 42-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 42-43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d April 8, 1976, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2350"}, {"citation": "Llewellyn, Briony, and Charles McCorquodale. \"In the Light of Caravaggio.\" <em>The Connoisseur</em> (June 1976): 110-113.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Vie des Arts.\"<em> L'\u0152il </em>251 (June 1976): 48-54.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Patrimoine.\" <em>Connaissance des Arts </em>(July 1976): 15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Butler, Joseph T. \"America: Recent Major Museum Acquisitions.\" <em>Connoisseur </em>(August 1976).", "page_number": "p. 312-313", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Chronique des Arts.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts </em>88 (September 1976): 5-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler in collaboration with Dennis Mahon. \"Caravaggio's Crucifixion of Saint Andrew from Valladolid.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland</em> <em>Museum of Art LXIV</em>, no. 1 (January, 1977):3-24.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 4, fig. 1; Detail; pp. 6-24", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cOther Museum News and Comments.\u201d <em>Art Journal</em> 36, no. 4 (July 15, 1977): 344-354.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 352", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pacelli, Vincenzo. \"New Documents Concerning Caravaggio in Naples.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 119, no. 897 (December 1977): 819-29.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 826, 829, n. 33", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/879030."}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n155"}, {"citation": "Bardon, Franc\u0327oise. <em>Caravage: ou, L'expe\u0301rience de la matie\u0300re</em>. Paris, France: Presses universitaires de France, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208-209, no. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marini, Maurizio. <em>Michael Angelus Caravaggio Romanus: rassegna degli studi e proposte</em>. Roma, Italy: De Luca, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 16-19, 22,36, 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prohaska, Wolfgang. \"Beitr\u00e4ge zu Giovanni Battista Caracciolo.\"<em>Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien</em> LXXIV (N. F. XXXVIII) (1978): 153-269.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 176, fig. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen. \"Making Rounds at The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Medical Library </em>XXIV, no. 3 (July 1978): 53-67.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lopez-Rey, Jose. Velazquez: <em>The Artist As a Maker, with a Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of His Extant Works.</em> Lausanne; Paris: Bibliothe\u0301que des Arts, 1979.", "page_number": "p. 24, 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. <em>The International Caravaggesque Movement: Lists of Pictures by Caravaggio and His Followers Throughout Europe from 1590 to 1650</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32, detail, p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guillaume, Marguerite. <em>Peintures italiennes: catalogue raisonne\u0301 du Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts de Dijon</em>. Dijon, France: Le Muse\u0301e, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17-18 under no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gash, John. <em>Caravaggio</em>. London, United Kingdom: Jupiter, 1980..", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110-111, Reproduced: no. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marini, Maurizio. <em>Caravaggio e il Naturalismo Internazionale</em>. Torino: Einaudi, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 369, n. 24; reproduced: P. 417, fig. 238", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moir, Alfred. <em>Caravaggio.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 142-143; Reproduced: p. 143, color pl. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 319-323; Reproduced: p. 320", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wood, Jeremy. \"London, Royal Academy of Art Exhibition: Painting in Naples from Caravaggio to Giordano.\" <em>Pantheon</em> XL, no. 4 (October-December 1982): 330-331.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whitfield, Clovis, and Jane Martineau. <em>Painting in Naples, 1606-1705: From Caravaggio to Giordano</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts in association with Weidenfield and Nicolson, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 21, 37, 38, 40, 70, 128-30; Reproduced: p. 70, no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Von Gehren, Georg. \"Malerei in Neapel von Caravaggio bis Giordano.\" <em>Die Weltkunst. The World-art Review </em>LII (December 1982): 3470-3473.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 3471", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hibbard, Howard. <em>Caravaggio</em>. New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 219, 220, 221, 223, 249, 291, 324-25, 328, 330; Reproduced: p. 220, no. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cinotti, Mia, and Gian Alberto Dell'Acqua. \"Michelangelo Merisi detto il Caravaggio\". <em>I Pittori Bergamaschi</em> 4,1 (1983): 203-641.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 420-423; reproduced: P. 620, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \"A Medical Tour Through The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Cleveland Clinic Quarterly</em> 50, no. 4 (Winter 1983):Cleveland: Cleveland Clinic, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 426; rep;rd", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pacelli, Vincenzo. <em>Caravaggio, le sette opere di misericordia</em>. Salerno, Italy: 10/17, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79; Reproduced: p. 105, no. 12, fig. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bonsanti, Giorgio, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, and Karin Stephan. <em>Caravaggio</em>. Antella, Florence, Italy: Scala, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59; Reproduced: p. 66, pl. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spinosa, Nicola. <em>La Pittura napoletana del '600</em>. Milano, Italy: Longanesi, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 533", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brigstocke, Hugh. <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 126, no. 970 (January 1984): 42-45.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 45", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/881518."}, {"citation": "Schloder, John E. <em>Baroque Imagery</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39-41; Reproduced: p. 54, no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, NY and Museo e gallerie nazionali di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy. <em>The Age of Caravaggio</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21, 47, 345-349; Reproduced: P. 349", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Dale. \"Rebel with a Cause: Caravaggio Defied the Conventions of Life and Art\". <em>Connoisseur</em> (February 1985).", "page_number": "p. 52-54, 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spike, John T. \u201cThe Age of Caravaggio.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 121 (June 1985): 415\u201317.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 417", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C. <em>A Guide to Dutch Art in America</em>. Washington, DC: Netherlands-American Amity Trust, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christiansen, Keith. \"Caravaggio and \"L'esempio Davanti Del Naturale\".\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 68, no. 3 (September 1986): 421-45.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 436", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marini, Maurizio. C<em>aravaggio: Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio \"pictor praestantissimus\": la tragica esistenza, la raffinata cultura, il mondo sanguigno del primo Seicento, nell'iter pittorico completo di uno dei massimi rivoluzionari dell'arte di tutti i tempi</em>. Roma: Newton Compton, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 273-273; Mentioned P. 520-524", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calvesi, Maurizio, and Lucia Trigilia. <em>L'Ultimo Caravaggio: e la cultura artistica a Napoli, in Sicilia e a Malta</em>. Siracusa, Italy: EDIPRINT, 1987.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ottino Della Chiesa, Angela. <em>Tout l'oeuvre peint du Caravage</em>. Paris, France: Flammarion, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>La Pittura in Italia</em>. Milano: Electa, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. II, p. 464", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milesi, Silvana. <em>Caravaggio.</em> Bergamo: Corponove, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194, no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calvesi, Maurizio. <em>Le realta del Caravaggio</em>. Torino: G. Einaudi, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 144-145, 149, 163, 373, 381, 427; Reproduced: p. 427, no. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict, Luisa Vertova, and Benedict Nicolson. <em>Caravaggism in Europe</em>. Torino, Italy: U. Allemandi, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, vol. 2, pl. 65; Detail: pl. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heimburger, Minna. \"Interpretazioni Delle Pitture di Genere del Caravaggio Secondo il Metodo Neerlandese.\" <em>Paragone: Mensile di Arte Figurativa e Letteratura </em>XLI, no. 24 (November 1990): 3-110.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard E. <em>Caravaggio and His Followers</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gregori, Mina. <em>Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio: come nascono i capolavori</em>. Milano, Italy: Electa, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22, 32, 36, 301; Reproduced:  figs. 23,25,29, 344", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cinotti, Mia. <em>Caravaggio: la vita e l'opera</em>. Bergamo, Italy: Edizioni Bolis, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 219; Reproduced: no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bologna, Ferdinando, and Battistello Caracciolo. <em>Battistello Caracciolo e il primo naturalismo a Napoli</em>. Napoli, Italy: Electa, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33, fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pe\u0301rez Sa\u0301nchez, Alfonso E. <em>El Siglo de Oro de la pintura espan\u0303ola</em>. Madrid, Spain: Mondadori Espan\u0303a, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 9. 53, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bologna, Ferdinando. <em>L'incredulita\u0300 del Caravaggio e l'esperienza delle \"cose naturali\"</em>. Torino, Italy: Bollati Boringhieri, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 333-334, Reproduced: pl. 30, no. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pacelli, Vincenzo. <em>L'ultimo Caravaggio: dalla Maddalena a mezza figura ai due san Giovanni (1606-1610).</em> Todi (Perugia): Ediart, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 38-39, 50, 52-53, 80, 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gilbert, Creighton. <em>Caravaggio and His Two Cardinals</em>. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 23, 169, 266", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fre\u0300ches, Jose\u0301. <em>Le Caravage, peintre et assassin</em>. Paris, France: Gallimard, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 116; Reproduced: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Caravaggio: eine Fondacc-Forschung : Verifikation 1995</em>. Hof, Austria: Fondacc-Forschung, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 31; Reproduced: p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Macioce, Stefania. <em>Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio: la vita e le opere attraverso i documenti : atti del Convegno internazionale di studi</em>. Roma, Italy: Logart Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 307, fig. 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ko\u0308nig, Eberhard. <em>Michelangelo Merisi Da Caravaggio 1571-1610</em>. Cologne: Ko\u0308nemann, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124, no. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jeromack, Paul. \"Met Buys Caravaggio By Installments.\" <em>The Art Newspaper</em> 72 (July-August 1997).", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Puglisi, Catherine R. <em>Caravaggio. </em>London: Phaidon, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 347-348; Reproduced: p. 340, no. 173", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weller, Dennis P., Leonard J. Slatkes, and Roger B. Ward.<em> Sinners &amp; Saints: Darkness and Light : Caravaggio and His Dutch and Flemish Followers. </em>Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 206, no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mormando, Franco. <em>Saints &amp; Sinners: Caravaggio &amp; the Baroque Image</em>. Chestnut Hill, MA: McMullen Museum of Art, Boston College, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 201, fig. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Causa, Stefano. \"Gli Amici Nordici Del Caravaggio a Napoli.\" <em>Prospettiva</em>, no. 93/94 (January-April 1999): 142-57.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 150, fig. 14", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/24432795"}, {"citation": "Marini, Maurizio. \"Caravaggio y Espa\u00f1a: Momentos de Historia y de Pintura entre la Naturaleza y la Fe.\" In <em>Caravaggio: Museo Nacional del Prado, 21 septiembre-21 noviembre, 1999: Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 29 noviembre, 1999-23 enero, 2000</em>. Claudio M. Strinati, and Rossella Vodret Adamo, eds., 29-48. Madrid: Sociedad Electa de Espan\u0303a, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Causa, Stefano.<em> Battistello Caracciolo: l'opera completa</em>. Naples: Electa Napoli, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 40-41, 129, 361; Reproduced: p. 40, no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Resca, Giuseppe. <em>La spada e la misericordia: Caravaggio e il demone della violenza</em>. Roma: Armando, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 20, 67, 175; Reproduced: p. 175, fig. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hall &amp; Knight Ltd, and Nicholas H. J. Hall. <em>MMI. </em>Exh. cat. Hall &amp; Knight Ltd., London, New York. London: Hall &amp; Knight Ltd, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21, fig. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hall, Nicholas H. J. <em>MMI: [Exhibition].</em> New York: London: Hall &amp; Knight Ltd, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 21, fig. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pacelli, Vincenzo, and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. <em>L'ultimo Caravaggio, 1606-1610: il giallo della morte: omicidio di Stato?</em> Todi Perugia, Iitaly: Ediart, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. V, VI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gash, John. Caravaggio. London: Chaucer, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109, no. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cassani, Silvia and Maria Sapio. <em>Caravaggio: l'ultimo tempo, 1606-1610</em>. Napoli, Italy: Electa Napoli, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31, fig. 6 and p. 173, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Ann Sutherland. <em>Seventeenth-Century Art &amp; Architecture.</em> London: Laurence King Publishing Ltd., 2005.", "page_number": "p. 134-135; Reproduced: p. 135, no. 1.134.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pagano, Denise Maria. <em>Caravaggio a Napoli: dalle Opere di Misericordia alla Sant'Orsola trafitta tecnica e restauri</em>. Naples, Italy: Electa Napoli, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "L\u00f3pez, Mercedes Simal. \"Don Juan Alfonso Pimentel, VIII Conde-Duque de Benavente, y el Coleccionismo de Antig\u00fcedades: Inquietudes de un Virrey de N\u00e1poles (1603-1610).\" <em>Reales Sitios</em> XLII, no. 164 (2005): 30-49.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cassani, Silvia, Maria Sapio, Paolo Altieri, Enrica D'Aguanno, Gianni Manna, Mark Weir, and Ferdinando Bologna. <em>Caravaggio: the final years. </em>Naples: Electra Napoli, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morel, Guillaume. \"La Sublime Violence du Caravage.\" <em>L'\u0152il </em>(May 2005): 70-75.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 72-73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Varriano, John L. <em>Caravaggio: The Art of Realism.</em> University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 57, 112, 240; Reproduced: p. 240, fig. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miyashita, Kikuro. <em>Karavajjo.</em> Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harten, Ju\u0308rgen, Jean Hubert Martin, and Denis Mahon. <em>Caravaggio: Originale und Kopien im Spiegel der Forschung</em>. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 173-174", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dibbits, Taco. \"Prologue: Caravaggio, the Utrecht Caravaggisti and the Young Rembrandt.\" In <em>Rembrandt, Caravaggio</em>. Duncan Bull, ed., 30-51. Zwolle: Waanders, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 30, 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M., \"World Travelers\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 01, January 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-01/page/6"}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret, ed. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> New York: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 36-39; Reproduced: p. 36, no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gabriel, Theodore, and Ron Geaves.<em> ...isms: Understanding Religion</em>. New York: Universe, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sgarbi, Vittorio. <em>Caravaggio.</em> Milano: Skira; London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 158-159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jover, Manuel. <em>Caravaggio</em>. Paris: Terrail, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 220-221; Reproduced: p. 221", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pichler, Wolfram. \"Il dubbio e il doppio: le evidenze in Caravaggio.\" In <em>Caravaggio e il suo ambiente: ricerche e interpretazioni,</em> edited by S. Ebert-Schifferer and Veronika Birbaumer. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 9, 11; Reproduced: p. 11, no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferriss, J. Barry. T<em>he Many Reasons Why Goiter Is Seen in Old Paintings: Commentary</em>. New York: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 389, 391; Reproduced: p. 391, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mun\u0303oz Gonza\u0301lez, Mari\u0301a Jesu\u0301s. <em>El mercado espan\u0303ol de pinturas en el siglo XVII</em>. Madrid: Fundacio\u0301n Caja Madrid, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183, no. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Ann Sutherland. <em>Seventeenth-Century Art &amp; Architecture</em>. London: Laurence King Pub, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134, no. 1.137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venier, Pierpaolo, and Fernando Noris. <em>Caravaggio Drammaturgo: Lettura teatrale dell'opera pittorica</em>. Azzano San Paolo (Bergamo): Bolis, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 132-133; Reproduced: p. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zuccari, Alessandro. <em>Caravaggio Controluce: Ideali e Capolavori.</em> Milano: Skira, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. xviii, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vodret Adamo, Rossella. <em>Caravaggio.</em> Cinisello Balsamo (Milano): Silvana, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 200-201; Reproduced: p. 201, no. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schutze, Sebastian. <em>Caravaggio: The Complete Works</em>. Cologne: Taschen, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 203, 277-278", "url": null}, {"citation": "Damia\u0300 Bautista, Joan. <em>L'here\u0300ncia formal de Caravaggio.</em> Artana: Joan Damia\u0300 Bautista i Garcia, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99, fig. 245.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spinosa, Nicola. <em>Pittura del Seicento a Napoli: da Caravaggio a Massimo Stanzione</em>. Napoli: Arte'm Srl., 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 351, no. 330", "url": null}, {"citation": "Papa, Rodolfo. <em>Caravaggio: le origini, i modelli.</em> Firenze: Giunti, 2010.", "page_number": "p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milesi, Silvana. <em>Caravaggio incomparabile, 1610-2010.</em> Bergamo: Corponove, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graham-Dixon, Andrew. <em>Caravaggio: A Life Sacred and Profane</em>. London; New York, Allen Lane, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. xvii, no. 73; p. 347-349, 350, 358, 379, 398", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fried, Michael. <em>The Moment of Caravaggio</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158, fig. 5.10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spike, John T., Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, and Miche\u0300le K. Spike. Caravaggio. 2nd rev. ed. New York: Abbeville Press, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 202-203, cat. 55", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol Zeller, and Orlo H. Clark. <em>The Remarkables: Endocrine Abnormalities in Art</em>. Berkeley: UC Medical Humanities Consortium, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 84-85; Reproduced: p. 85, fig. 2-14.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>Director's Choice</em>: The Cleveland Museum of Art. London: Scala Publisherts Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 34-35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art; London: Scala Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "p.184-185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pacelli, Vincenzo, and Gianluca Forgione. <em>Caravaggio tra arte e scienza</em>. Pozzuoli, Italy: Paparo, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 40-43: fig. 4, 5; p. 282: fig. 62; p. 395-396: fig. A46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cappelletti, Francesca. <em>Zurbaran</em>. Florence: Giunti, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Denunzio, Antonio Ernesto. \"La Giuditta, Louis Finson e un probabile committente.\" In <em>Giuditta decapita Oloferne: Louis Finson interprete di Caravaggio.</em> Louis Finson, and Giovanna Capitelli., eds., 44-52. Napoli: Arte'm, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 44-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rivero, Ignacio Cano, and Gabriele Finaldi. <em>Francisco de Zurbara\u0301n (1598-1664)</em>. Antwerpen: Mercatorfonds, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.44, fig.19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pacelli, Vincenzo, and Gianluca Forgione. Caravaggio: le Sette opere di Misericordia. Napoli: Artstudiopaparo, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 112-116", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 181", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Real Time Restoration Forms New Exhibition.\" <em>The Art Newspaper </em>23, no. 258 (June 2014): 47.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45, detail p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yoder, Dean. \u201cCaravaggio in Focus: A rare opportunity for an up-close look at the conservation process.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 3 (May/June 2014): 9-10.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 9-10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-02"}, {"citation": "Wismer, Beat, Odile Delenda and Mari\u0301a del Mar Borobia Guerrero. <em>Zurbara\u0301n</em>. Dusseldorf and Munchen: Museum Kunstpalais, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 234, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Papi, Gianni. Caravaggio: <em>La Crocifissione di sant'Andrea Back-Vega = The Back-Vega Crucifixion of St Andrew</em>.Milano: Skira, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 6, 10, 34, 56, 80; Reproduced: p. [12], fig. 3; p. 30, fig, 17 (detail); p. 33, fig. 20 (detail); p. 38, fig, 24 (detail); p. 41, fig, 30 (detail); p. 43, fig. 32 (detail); p. 44, fig. 34 (detail); p. 47, fig. 36 (detail); p. 48, (fig. 38 (detail); p. 49, fig. 40 (detail)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mart\u00ednez, Javier G\u00f3mez. <em>Museograf\u00eda al filo del milenio: tendencias y recurrencias. </em>Somonte-Cenero, Gij\u00f3n (Asturias): Ediciones Trea, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 331", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ebert-Schifferer, Sybille. \"Caravaggio in Neapel: Kurze Zeit, grosse Wirkung.\" In Forster, Peter, et. al. <em>Caravaggios Erben: Barock in Neapel.</em> M\u00fcnchen: Hirmer, 2016, 48-65.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zuffi, Stefano. <em>Caravaggio in Detail.</em> New York: Abrams, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25, no. 44; detail p. 76-77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spinosa, Nicola, and James M. Bradburne.<em> Attorno a Caravaggio: una questione di attribuzione.</em> Ginevr ; Milano: Skira, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27-28, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duffy-Zeballos, Lisa and Sharon Flescher. \"A Long-Lost Caravaggio? Not so Fast Doubters Say But France embargoes Export Just in Case.\" <em>IFAR Journal, </em>17 no. 1 (2016): 2-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; p. 4, fig 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 48-50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Yoder, Dean. \"Conserving Caravaggio: After an intensive process of cleaning and restoration, a masterpiece is back on view.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 5 (September/October 2016): 16-18.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 16, 17, 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-05"}, {"citation": "Bowron, Edgar Peters. \"Introduction: The Critical Fortunes of Italian Baroque Painting in America.\" In <em>Buying Baroque: Italian Seventeenth-Century Paintings Come to America</em>. Edited by Edgar Peters Bowron, 2-15. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Frick Collection, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benay, Erin E. <em>Exporting Caravaggio: The Crucifixion of Saint Andrew</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art; London: Giles, 2017.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Scaletti, Fabio.<em> Caravaggio: catalogo ragionato delle opere autografe, attribuite e controverse: con un regesto completo delle repliche e delle copie</em>. 2 vols. [Naples] :Artstudiopaparo, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 25, 198-201, no. OR61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garci\u0301a Cueto, David. Las copias de obras maestras de la pintura en las colecciones de los Austrias y el Museo del Prado: actas del Congreso internacional = proceedings of the international Symposium. 2021, 93.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 92-93, fig. 1.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Caravaggio a Montserrat (Conference), Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Artur Ramon, and Clara Beltra\u0301n Catala\u0301n. Cent anys del Sant Jeroni de Caravaggio a Montserrat. 2019, 92.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 91-92, fig. 1.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zuffi, Stefano, and Philippe Daverio. <em>Discovering Caravaggio: the Art Lover's Guide to Understanding Symbols in his Paintings</em>. New York: Rizzoli International, 2010.", "page_number": "p. 210-213", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Cleveland Caravaggio.\" <em>New Lugano Review</em> 8.9 (1976).", "page_number": "p. 36-37, 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"New in the Galleries.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 6 (November/December 2017): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-06"}, {"citation": "Bray, Xavier. \"Ribera: The Shock of the Real.\" In <em>Ribera: Art of Violence.</em> Edward Payne, and Xavier Bray, 35-54. Lewes, UK : Giles : Imprint of D. Giles Limited, 2018. London : Dulwich Picture Gallery : in association with D. Giles Limited, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 36-37, fig. 3.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard E. \"Caravaggio's 'Crucifixion of St Andrew' and the Problem of Autograph Replicas.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 160, no.1383 (June 2018): 454-461.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 456, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Osnabrugge, Marije.<em> The Neapolitan Lives and Careers of Netherlandish Immigrant Painters (1575-1655).</em> Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 80; Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hall, Marcia B. T<em>he Power of Color: Five Centuries of European Painting. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99; Reproduced: p. 100. fig. 2.38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Terzaghi, Maria Cristina , et. al.<em> Caravaggio, Napoli</em>. Milano: Electa, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 38, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sallandrouze, Aure\u0301lie, and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Caravaggio: Judith et Holopherne : vente aux enche\u0300res, Toulouse, 27 juin 2019. 2019, 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 63, fig. 39.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pacelli, Vincenzo, and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Caravaggio a Napoli: studi e ricerche. Roma : Editori Paparo, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22, fig, 13; mentioned: p. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Porzio, Giuseppe. Antichi maestri a Napoli: dipinti del Sei e Settecento. <br>Napoli, Italia : Porcini, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8; reproduced: p. 10, no.2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dinelli, Pier Paolo, and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Caravaggio dall'ombra al dettaglio. 2020, 145", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nuovi dati e nuove idee (Conference), and Maria Cristina Terzaghi. Caravaggio a Napoli: nuovi dati nuove idee : atti del convegno di Capodimonte : 13-14 gennaio 2020. Todi (Perugia) : Ediart, luglio,  2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 83; Reproduced: p. 80, fig. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gengler, Matthew. \u201cYou Ask, We Answer.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 1 (January/February 2020): 22.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2020-01/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Dal Bello, Mario, and Nicola Ciola. La Trinita\u0300 nell'arte. Roma : Dei Merangoli, 2021, 160.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 160", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Saraceno, Francesca, and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Caravaggio: emozioni e impressioni. Lesmo (MB) : Etabeta, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 409", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zirpolo, Lilian H., and Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Caravaggio: A Reference Guide to His Life and Works. 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 95-96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da. Caravaggio and How to Find Him : At the Galleria Borghese, in Rome, and around the World. Edited by Francesca Cappelletti. Napoli: Editori Paparo, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 87, no. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da, Andrea Cipriani, Claudio Falcucci, and Claudio Giusti. Caravaggio : The \u201cEcce Homo\u201d Unveiled. Edited by Keith Christiansen, Gianni Papi, Giuseppe Porzio, and Maria Cristina Terzaghi. Translated by Helen Glanville. First edition. Venezia: Marsilio arte, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90 and 92, fig. 11; mentioned: pp. 92-93.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Penco, Sara, and Michelangelo Buonarroti. <em>Maria Maddalena Nel Giudizio Di Michelangelo = Mary Magdalene in Michelangelo\u2019s Judgement</em>. Bologna, Italy: Scripta maneant editore, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Smee, Sebastian. \u201cA Rare U.S. Caravaggio Masterpiece Shows How a Murderer Painted Death.\u201d <em>Washington Post</em>, June 27, 2024.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/interactive/2024/caravaggio-crucifixion-of-saint-andrew/"}, {"citation": "Olson, Todd, and Jusepe de Ribera. Ribera\u2019s Repetitions : Paper and Canvas in Seventeenth-Century Spanish Naples. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 75-76, fig. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Porzio, Giuseppe. \"Caravaggio: The Years in the South.\" In <em>Caravaggio 2025</em>, edited by Francesca Cappelletti and Maria Cristina Terzaghi, 60-79. Venice: Marsilio Arte srl, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 66-68, fig. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vodret Adamo, Rossella, and Claudio Falcucci. <em>Caravaggio: 1571-1610.</em> Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana Editoriale, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 97-98, fig. 17; p. 294-295, no. 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Currie, Elizabeth. <em>Street Style: Art and Dress in the Time of Caravaggio</em>. London: Reaktion Books, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 117-119, fig. 70", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.2/1976.2_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "900", "filesize": "223048", "filename": "1976.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.2/1976.2_print.jpg", "width": "2563", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2852637", "filename": "1976.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.2/1976.2_full.tif", "width": "11447", "height": "15187", "filesize": "521573284", "filename": "1976.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.2/1976.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "900", "filesize": "282364"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.2/1976.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2742", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3030831"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.2/1976.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7440", "filesize": "133969016"}, "date_created": "2016-04-14T13:34:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.2/1976.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "665", "height": "893", "filesize": "395349"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.2/1976.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2531", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5981460"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.2/1976.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4466", "height": "6000", "filesize": "80419072"}, "date_created": "2007-02-15T19:47:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 148758, "creators": [{"id": 2065, "description": "Caravaggio (Italian, 1571\u20131610)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1571", "death_year": "1610", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-02-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1606, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1606\u20137", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "Beginning in 2014 and completed in 2016, the painting received a comprehensive conservation treatment to address lingering and critical aesthetic issues that were created by a restoration from 1974\u2014two years before the painting entered the CMA collection. In an attempt to create a more even and level surface, the 1974 treatment used layers of different varnish coatings to fill in the heavily cracked paint layer. Over time, this strategy failed, as movement in the underlying original paint and ground layers telegraphed through, creating a dense network of distracting surface cracking in the varnish. Because of the painting\u2019s importance, a three-month conservation exhibition in the Julia and Larry Pollock Focus Gallery was designed to explain the conservation issues to the public and allow visitors to observe the initial removal of the old varnish. The rest of the treatment was completed in the paintings conservation lab over the next two years. While the main focus of the conservation was to correct the aesthetic problems created by the previous treatment, the opportunity to conduct the first in-depth technical and scientific analysis of the painting was equally important. This extensive study, entitled <em>Conserving Caravaggio\u2019s Crucifixion of Saint Andrew: A Technical Study</em>, was originally published on a digital platform for iPads and tablets. Caravaggio used a single piece of a diamond weave canvas, possibly a tablecloth linen, which can easily be seen when zooming in on the X-radiograph. This canvas was carefully prepared with a double ground. First, a thick, aqueous, brown ground composed of earth pigments was applied over the canvas. This was followed by a second, thinner, and slightly darker ground layer composed of the same pigment mixture, though bound in a drying oil. After the preparation of the ground, Caravaggio began laying out the composition by cutting fine incisions into the ground layer. These fine incisions were used to roughly establish the position of the figures and can be found in several other paintings by the artist. These allusive incisions are apparent in raking light and in the X-ray where lead white was used to initially lay in the highlights of the drapery folds and anatomy of the figures. These initial strokes of the lead white (X-ray blocking) pigment, also referred to as the <em>abozzo</em>, were laid over top, filling in the incisions, which is why they are visible in the X-ray. Around the same time the abozzo was applied, darker, nearly black outlines were used around the figures. These dark paint strokes can be seen in the infrared reflectogram (IRR). After these highlights and shadows were positioned, Caravaggio skillfully manipulated opaque and transparent pigments to create gradations and nuances in the figures, garments, and draperies. Caravaggio used a fairly limited palette for this painting. The red cloth over Saint Andrew was found to contain lead white, umber, and vermilion with glazes of red lake. Small amounts of azurite added to earth pigments were used in the gown of the old woman on the left. The trousers of the executioner on the ladder contains lead-tin yellow type II. The garment of the figure on the far right is composed of red ochre with dark red lake glazes in the darker folds. Flesh tones are mostly composed of lead white, yellow ochre, and red ochre with trace amounts of green earth in the figure of Saint Andrew. Once prior varnishes and overpaint were removed from the original surface, the paint layer could finally be properly saturated with a reversible conservation-grade varnish. Areas of loss were filled and textured to match the aged and cracked surface of the original paint layer. After the fills were sufficiently textured, they were toned to match the dark umber color of the original ground as a base for inpainting, which was executed with a reversible conservation paint. The entire painting then received an overall application of a final varnish to produce the desired amount of surface gloss. For more in-depth information about Caravaggio\u2019s pigments and about the treatment of this painting, please refer to the <a href=\"https://archive.org/details/caravaggio-app\">archived application</a>.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-02 11:23:17.700000"}, {"id": 165157, "accession_number": "2007.158", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Fulton and Nostrand, 1958. Jacob Lawrence (American, 1917\u20132000). Tempera on Masonite; unframed: 60.9 x 76.2 cm (24 x 30 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 2007.158. \u00a9 The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.", "current_location": "226B American Modern", "title": "Fulton and Nostrand", "creation_date": "1958", "creation_date_earliest": 1958, "creation_date_latest": 1958, "artists_tags": ["male", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "tempera on Masonite", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 60.9 x 76.2 cm (24 x 30 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.609, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right \"Jacob Lawrence 58\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Annual Exhibition: Sculpture, Paintings, Watercolors, Drawings, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, November 19. 1958-January 4, 1959.", "opening_date": "1959-01-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "American Sculpture and Painting: American National Exhibition in Moscow, The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, July 25-September 5, 1959; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, October 28-November 15, 1959.", "opening_date": "1959-07-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Between the Fairs: Twenty-Five Years of American Art, 1939-1964, Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, June 24-September 23, 1964.", "opening_date": "1964-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Contemporary Urban Visions, Wollman Hall, New School Art Center, New School for Social Research, New York, January 25-February 24, 1966.", "opening_date": "1966-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Crossing State Lines: Twentieth-Century Art from Private Collections in Westchester and Fairfield Counties, Neuberger Museum of Art, Purchase College, State University of New York, March 26-June 18, 1995.", "opening_date": "1995-03-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Jacob Lawrence Memorial Exhibition: Paintings, 1937-1999, DC Moore Gallery, New York, February 6-March 3, 2001.", "opening_date": "2001-02-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Syncopated Rhythms: 20th-Century African American Art from the George and Joyce Wein Collection, Boston University Art Gallery, November 18, 2005-January 22, 2006.", "opening_date": "2005-11-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(The Alan Stone Gallery, New York, NY,  sold to Alexander and Sylvian Rittmaster)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Jacob Lawrence sold the painting directly to the Alan Gallery in 1958.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1958", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Alexander [1916-1969] and Sylvian Rittmaster [1917-1978], Woodmere, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Although Slyvian Rittmaster died in 1978, the 1981 Sotheby Parke Bernet catalogue lists the painting as coming from their collection, hence listing the painting's dates with the Rittmasters as ending with 1981 rather than 1978.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1958-1981", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby Park Bernet, New York, NY, May 29,1981, lot 182, sold to the Terry Dintenfass Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1981-1983?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Terry Dintenfass Gallery, New York, NY, sold to George and Joyce Wein)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1983", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "George [b. 1925] and Joyce [1928-2005] Wein, New York, NY, consigned to the Michael Rosenfeld Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1983-2007", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2007", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2007-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lawrence was teaching art at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn when he created this painting.", "description": "Having moved to Harlem as a teenager, Lawrence would become the first major artist trained entirely within the neighborhood\u2019s African American community. Throughout his long career he believed art should be a quest for both self and social identity, a notion reflected in this work, one of his liveliest and largest paintings. Teeming with more than forty figures, it depicts the vibrant streetscape at the intersection of Fulton Street and Nostrand Avenue in Brooklyn, near where the artist lived at the time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480377"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Frascina, Francis. \"Institutions, Culture, and America's 'Cold War Years': The Making of Greenberg's 'Modernist Painting',\" <em>Oxford Art Journal</em> 26 (2003).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 84.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH, London: Cleveland Museum of Art ; in association with Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 322; reproduced p. 323.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Annual Exhibition: Sculpture, Paintings, Watercolors, Drawings (New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1958).", "page_number": "Unpaginated, [8],[12]", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Moscow to See Modern U.S. Art,\"<em> New York Times</em> (May 31, 1959).", "page_number": "P. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baur, John I. H. <em>Between the Fairs: 25 Years of America Art, 1939-1964.</em> New York. Whitney Museum. Catalogues. 1962-64. New York: Published for the Whitney Museum of American Art by F.A. Praeger, 1964.", "page_number": "P. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kramer,Hilton. \"In the Museums,\" <em>Art in America</em> 52 (April 1964).", "page_number": "P. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Illustration for Victor S. Navasky, \"With Malice Toward All,\" <em>New York Times Book Review </em>(February 27, 1966).", "page_number": "P. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chwast, Seymour, and Steven Heller. <em>The Art of New York</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1983.", "page_number": "P. 18, 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman,Avis. \"Jacob Lawrence and the Making of Americans,\" <em>ARTnews</em> 83 (February 1984).", "page_number": "P. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wheat, Ellen Harkins, Jacob Lawrence, and Patricia Hills. <em>Jacob Lawrence, American Painter.</em> Seattle: University of Washington Press in association with the Seattle Art Museum, 1986.", "page_number": "P. 107,129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>American Impressionist &amp; 20th Century Paintings, Drawings, Watercolors &amp; Sculpture</em>. May 29, 1981. Lot 182.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Glueck, Grace. <em>New York: The Painted City</em>. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, 1992.", "page_number": "P. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stern, Robert A.M. et al., <em>New York 1960 </em>(New York: Monacelli Press, 1995).", "page_number": "P. 1164", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richard J. Powell, \"Harmonizer of Chaos,\" in Peter T. Nesbett and Michelle DuBois, eds., Over the Line: The Art and Life of Jacob Lawrence (Seattle: University of Washington, 2000).", "page_number": "P. 148-49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nesbett, Peter T. and Michelle DuBois, <em>Jacob Lawrence: Paintings, Drawings, and Murals (1935-1999)</em>: <em>A Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9.</em> Seattle: University of Washington, 2000.", "page_number": "P. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wright, Gwendolyn. \"Permable Boundaries,\" in Peter Madsen and Richard Plunz, eds., <em>The Urban Lifeworld</em> (London: Routledge, 2002).", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 210", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kushner, Marilyn S.\"Exhibiting Art at the American National Exhibition in Moscow, 1959: Domestic Politics and Cultural Diplomacy,\" <em>Journal of Cold War Studies</em> 4 (Winter 2002), 24.", "page_number": "P. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hills, Patricia, and Melissa Renn. Syncopated Rhythms: 20th-Century African American Art from the George and Joyce Wein Collection. Boston: Boston University Art Gallery, 2005.", "page_number": "P. 64-65", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Harlem's Knights: Extraordinary $2 Million Bequest for Lawrence Scholars Program,\"<em> Parsons re:D</em> 22 (May 2005).", "page_number": "P. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Annual Report </em>(July 1,2006- June 30, 2007).", "page_number": "P. 26-7, 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry.<em> What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "P. 8,13, 144-145", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Jacob Lawrence's Fulton and Nostrand,\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 48, no. 2 (February 2008): 6-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-02/page/6/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gordon, Margery. \"Eyes on the Prizes,\" <em>Art + Auction</em> 31 (February 2008).", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Jacob Lawrence's Fulton and Nostrand\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 48 no. 2, February 2008", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-02/page/6/mode"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "P. 322-23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, Amy Sparks, and Rebecca Michaels.<em> African American Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "P. 3,18; Reproduced p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"American Art of the 1930s to 1950s,\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 54 (January/February 2014).", "page_number": "P. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Recommendations from Our Curators.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): 31.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2021-02/page/30/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Kushner, Marilyn S., \"Exhibiting Art at the American National Exhibition in Moscow,\" <em>Journal of Cold War Studies </em>4 (Winter 2002).", "page_number": "P. 24", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2007.158", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Hammond Hemmelgarn Family Gallery", "athena_id": 165157, "creators": [{"id": 4050, "description": "Jacob Lawrence (American, 1917\u20132000)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Jacob Lawrence (born 1917) has been a prominent artist since 1941 when, at age 24, he became the first African American to have a work in the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. His career, now spanning seven decades, has been devoted to documenting African-American life and history, from everyday scenes to the universal struggle for freedom, social justice, and human dignity. Moving to Harlem as a teenager in 1930, Lawrence was influenced by the artists, writers, and philosophers of the Harlem Renaissance-among them Romare Bearden, Langston Hughes, and W.E.B. DuBois-who fostered pride in African-American culture. Lawrence's subjects include the legendary abolitionist heroes Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and John Brown, and the story of the massive migration of African Americans from the rural South to the industrialized, urban North during the early decades of the 20th century. After thorough research, Lawrence chronicles the crucial events of each saga by creating a series of small paintings on paper in a modernist style of flat, brightly-colored forms.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1917", "death_year": "2000", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2007-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1958, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1958", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:44.113000"}, {"id": 126769, "accession_number": "1949.186", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fight Between a Tiger and a Buffalo, 1908. Henri Rousseau (French, 1844\u20131910). Oil on fabric; framed: 183 x 203 x 4.5 cm (72 1/16 x 79 15/16 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 170 x 189.5 cm (66 15/16 x 74 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1949.186", "current_location": null, "title": "Fight Between a Tiger and a Buffalo", "creation_date": "1908", "creation_date_earliest": 1908, "creation_date_latest": 1908, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 19th-early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 183 x 203 x 4.5 cm (72 1/16 x 79 15/16 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 170 x 189.5 cm (66 15/16 x 74 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.83, "height_inch": 72, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 2.03, "width_inch": 79, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.7, "height_inch": 66, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.895, "width_inch": 74, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed and dated lower right: Henri Rousseau / 1908\r\n\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518973, "title": "Masterpieces of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Art</i>. Century 21 Exposition, Seattle, WA (organizer) (April 21-September 4, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520135, "title": "Henri Rousseau", "description": "<i>Henri Rousseau</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (April 16-May 25, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-04-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520506, "title": "Le Monde Des Neifs (De Lusthof Der Naieven)", "description": "<i>Le Monde Des Neifs (De Lusthof Der Naieven)</i>. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (July 10-September 6, 1964); Mus\u00e9e National d'Art Moderne, Paris, Cedex 04, France (October 14-December 6, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300763, "title": "Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art", "description": "<i>Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art</i>. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (January 24-March 7, 1965); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (March 28-May 16, 1965); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 14-August 22, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 224431, "title": "Henri Rousseau and the Modern Age", "description": "<i>Henri Rousseau and the Modern Age</i>. K\u00fcnsthalle Tubingen, D-72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany (organizer) (February 3-June 17, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-02-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229570, "title": "Jungles in Paris: The Paintings of Henri Rousseau", "description": "<i>Jungles in Paris: The Paintings of Henri Rousseau</i>. Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 3, 2005-February 5, 2006); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (March 13-June 19, 2006); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (July 16-October 15, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-11-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223433, "title": "The Shadow of the Avant-Garde", "description": "<i>The Shadow of the Avant-Garde</i>. Museum Folkwang, 45128 Essen, Germany (organizer) (October 3, 2015-January 10, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220685, "title": "Le Douanier Rousseau. L'innocence archa\u00efque", "description": "<i>Le Douanier Rousseau. L'innocence archa\u00efque</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (organizer) (March 21-July 17, 2016); National Gallery, Prague (September 16, 2016-January 15, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-03-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 670844, "title": "Henri Rousseau: A Painter\u2019s Secrets", "description": "<i>Henri Rousseau: A Painter\u2019s Secrets</i>. The Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (October 19, 2025-February 22, 2026) https://www.barnesfoundation.org/whats-on/exhibitions/henri-rousseau-a-painters-secrets?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=20125069632&gbraid=0AAAAACP5DbL4rs-9EfKRpQcP3HjjlYEfb&gclid=Cj0KCQjw0NPGBhCDARIsAGAzpp0GmWNK1KSSGhKIsZvvTWdQSwfepIT4aDadyzyDDvYho3pdqzpJPgMaAr91EALw_wcB; Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (March 24-July 20, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants. 24me exposition (1908), no. 5260, Combat de Tigre et de Buffle (for sale).", "opening_date": "1908-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, Arts Club Exhibitions at the Art Institute. Loan Exhibition of Some Modern Paintings (1926-27), no. 14, The Jungle, lent by Mrs. John A. Carpenter.", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Reinhardt Gallery. Loan Exhibition of Paintings from Memling, Holbein, and Titian to Renoir and Picasso (1928), no. 27, The Jungle, lent by Mrs. John Alden Carpenter (repr.)", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Valentine Gallery. Six Major Paintings by the Modern Masters of France, Braque, Matisse, Derain, Picasso, and One Important Work by Henri Rousseau (1930), no. 7, Le tigre et le rhinoc\u00e9ros-1908.", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Arts Club of Chicago. Paintings by Henri Rousseau (1931), no. 7, The Jungle, collection of Mrs. John Alden Carpenter, Chicago.", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Museum of Modern Art. Fruit and Flower Paintings (1933), no cat.", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago. A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture (1933 and 1934), no. 368 (1933); no. 321 (1934), lent by Mrs. Patrick J. Hill to the Joseph Winterbotham Collection, Art Institute of Chicago.", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago; New York, Museum of Modern Art. Henri Rousseau (1942-43), 49 (repr.) (lent by Hill, according to 1942 moma label on the back of the frame; according to moma archives, the painting did not travel to other venues after New York), 64.", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Pierre Matisse Gallery. Twentieth Century Masters (1948), no. 12, The Jungle (repr.).", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Venice. XXV Biennale di Venezia (1950), 235, no. 14, fig. 59.", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montreal Museum of Art. Six Centuries of Landscape (1952), no. 58, 29 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e National d'Art Moderne. L'oeuvre du XXe si\u00e8cle (1952), no. 98.", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, Tate Gallery (Organized by the Arts Council). XXth Century Masterpieces (1952), no. 83.", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kansas City, Nelson-Atkins Museum. Twentieth Anniversary Celebration: French Paintings-19th and 20th Centuries-A Loan Exhibition (1953), checklist no. 10.", "opening_date": "1953-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright Art Gallery. Fifty Paintings 1905-1913 (1955), no. 42, 64 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1955-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kansas City, Nelson Gallery and Atkins Museum. Twenty-fifth Anniversary Exhibition, in The Nelson Gallery and Atkins Museum Bulletin 1 (December 1958), no. 9.", "opening_date": "1958-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Seattle World's Fair, Fine Art Pavillion. Masterpieces of Art (1962), no. 53 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein. Loan Exhibition Henri Rousseau (1963), no. 46 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rotterdam, Museum Boymans-van Beuningen. De Lusthof der Na\u00efeven (1964), no. 20 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e National d'Art Moderne. Le Monde des Naifs (1964), no. 20 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Los Angeles, ucla Art Galleries; San Francisco Museum of Art; cma. Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth Century Art 1886-1914 (1965), 38 (repr.), no. 47 (repr. on cover).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Grand Palais; New York, Museum of Modern Art. Henri Rousseau (1984-85), no. 50 (repr.) (not shown in Paris).", "opening_date": "1984-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA. Creativity in Art and Science (1987), no. 18 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1987-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "T\u00fcbingen, Germany: Kunsthalle T\u00fcbingen, Germany. Henri Rousseau and the Modern Age (2/3/01 - 6/17/01), exh. cat. no. 43, pp 209-211, repr. p. 211, detail front and back.", "opening_date": "2001-02-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Tate Modern, London (11/3/2005 - 2/5/2006), Galeries du Grand Palais, Paris (3/13/2006 - 6/19/2006) and the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (7/16/2006 - 10/15/2006): \"Jungles in Paris: The Paintings of Henri Rousseau\" ex. cat. no. 45, p. 148-149.", "opening_date": "2005-11-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (organizer). Seoul Arts Center, Seoul, Korea: Dec. 18, 2006 - March 31, 2007; Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, Seoul, Korea: Apr. 7 - May 20, 2007; Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: June 9 - Sept. 16, 2007; Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 21, 2007- January 13, 2008: \"Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-04-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (3/21/2016 - 7/17/2016): \"Le Douanier Rousseau. L'innocence archa\u00efque\" cat. no. 89, p. 232-233.", "opening_date": "2016-03-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Bought from the artist by Ambroise Vollard on 14 December 1909.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Bought by John Quinn, New York, October 1923.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Quinn estate from 1924.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mrs. John Alden Carpenter, Chicago, by 1926.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Patrick J. Hill, Washington D.C.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "[Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York, 1948]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Purchased by the Cleveland Museum of Art on 14 June 1949.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Many of Henri Rousseau's paintings depict wild animals and tropical jungles that might lead one to believe he traveled widely. However, Rousseau never left France, but drew inspiration from visiting botanical gardens and reading travel books.", "description": "Having never ventured outside France, Henri Rousseau derived his jungle scenes from reading travel books and visiting the Paris botanical garden. He placed this imaginary scene of a tiger attacking a buffalo within a fantastic jungle environment in which botanical accuracy was of little importance (note the bananas growing upside down). Here, sharply outlined hothouse plants are enlarged to fearsome proportions. Rousseau was working on this painting while imprisoned for fraud in December 1907. Officials granted him an early release to finish it for exhibition at the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants, where this major composition, one of the artist's largest and most important, appeared in March 1908. A self-taught artist and retired customs inspector, Rousseau was admired by Pablo Picasso and other avant-garde artists for his originality and the na\u00efve purity of his vision.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515648"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.186-fight-between-a-tige"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Le douanier Rousseau: l'innocence archai\u0308que [exposition au Muse\u0301e d'Orsay, du 22 mars au 17 juillet 2016]. Dossier De L'art (Dijon). Dijon: E\u0301dition Faton, 2016. catalogue number 89", "page_number": "232-233", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fajt, Jir\u030ci\u0301. Celnik Douanier Rousseau: Painter's Paradise Lost : [Exposition National Gallery, Prague, 15.09.2016-15.01.2017]. Prague: National Gallery, 2016.", "page_number": "128-129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"'The Jungle' by Henri-Julien Rousseau.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>36, no. 9 (November 1949): 170-178.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover, p. 173; Mentioned: p. 177", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141582"}, {"citation": "\u201cPart II: Annual Report Issue for the Year 1949.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 37, no. 6 (June 1950): 127\u2013161.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141645"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 515", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n95"}, {"citation": "UCLA Art Council. <em>Years of Ferment; The Birth of Twentieth Century Art 1886-1914.</em> [Los Angeles]: [UCLA Art Council],1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 38, no. 47, cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>The Spirit of Surrealism</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 49-50, 185; Reproduced: p. 50, fig. 8; colorplate III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le Pichon, Yann. <em>The World of Henri Rousseau.</em> New York: Viking Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cThe Aviator: A Major Painting by Fernand L\u00e9ger.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 3 (March 1982): 87\u201393.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 86-87, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159762"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 110, no. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turpin, Ian. <em>Ernst. </em>London: Phaidon Books, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 94, fig. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 555-559, Vol. II, no. 196", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ko\u0308nig, Kasper, and Falk Wolf, eds. <em>The Shadow of the Avant-Garde: Rousseau and the Forgotten Masters.</em> Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92, fig. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Belli, Gabriella. <em>Le Douanier Rousseau: l'innocence archai\u0308que.</em> Vanves: Hazan, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232-233, no. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Broz\u030cova\u0301, Kristy\u0301na. <em>Celni\u0301k Rousseau: mali\u0301r\u030cu\u030av ztraceny\u0301 ra\u0301j = Douanier Rousseau: Painter's Paradise Lost.</em> 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21; Reproduced: p. 128-129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stabenow, Cornelia, and Charity Scott-Stokes. <em>Henri Rousseau: 1844-1910.</em> Ko\u0308ln: Taschen, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Homburg, Cornelia. \"Redon's Femmes aux Fleurs.\" In <em>Odilon Redon: Literature and Music.</em> Cornelia Homburg, etal., 174-197. Rotterdam: Nai010 uitgevers, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184, no. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "Ireson, Nancy. \"Henri Rousseau's Secrets.\" In <em>Henri Rousseau: A Painter\u2019s Secrets,</em> edited by Christopher Green and Nancy Ireson, 1-17. Philadelphia: The Barnes Foundation, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Green, Christopher, and Nancy Ireson, eds. <em>Henri Rousseau: A Painter\u2019s Secrets.</em> Philadelphia: The Barnes Foundation, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 148, 253, 278, 299 n8; Reproduced: p. 154-155, pl. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Santacreu, \u00c9lisabeth. \u201cLes Rousseau Am\u00e9ricains de Retour \u00e0 Paris.\u201d <em>Le Journal des Arts</em>, n. 675 (April 17-May 1, 2026): 17.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Koerner Von Gustorf, Oliver. \"Die wildnis in uns.\"<em> Die Weltkunst. </em>Jg. 96, n. 252 (March 2026): 18-31.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover and p.3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.186", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.186/1949.186_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "806", "filesize": "265744", "filename": "1949.186_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.186/1949.186_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3046", "filesize": "3071351", "filename": "1949.186_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.186/1949.186_full.tif", "width": "12503", "height": "11202", "filesize": "420208660", "filename": "1949.186_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.186/1949.186_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1001", "height": "893", "filesize": "710062"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.186/1949.186_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3032", "filesize": "7585688"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.186/1949.186_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5361", "height": "4780", "filesize": "76920616"}, "date_created": "2007-10-15T14:41:23", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 126769, "creators": [{"id": 1804, "description": "Henri Rousseau (French, 1844\u20131910)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Self-taught artist Henri Rousseau was born in Laval in 1844. He entered the military at the age of eighteen and served as a saxophone player in an infantry band. Most biographers discount his claim of traveling abroad during the Mexican campaign. In 1871 Rousseau left the military to join the customs service, where he spent fourteen years working on the outskirts of Paris as a minor inspector. After retiring with a small pension in 1885, he pursued the career of a painter and sought portrait commissions. From 1886 to 1910, he exhibited on a regular basis at the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants, and after 1905, at the Salon d'Automne. Through these activities he became friendly with other artists, including Gauguin (q.v.), Pissarro (q.v.), Seurat (q.v), Paul Signac (1863-1935), and Redon (q.v.) who affectionately called him \"le douanier\" (customs officer). Rousseau's paintings were poorly received, and frequently ridiculed in the press, until he attracted a small group of admirers in the early years of this century. This group included Pablo Picasso, Maurice de Vlaminck, Robert Delaunay, Max Weber, and Ardengo Soffici, along with the writers Alfred Jarry, Max Jacob, Andr\u00e9 Salmon, and Guillaume Apollinaire. In 1908, a famous banquet honoring Rousseau was organized at Picasso's studio. Avant-garde artists admired Rousseau's direct, simple vision and his innate talent at clear, pictorial design. However, he aspired to paint in the academic manner of G\u00e9r\u00f4me (q.v.) and Bouguereau (q.v.). Rousseau reportedly told Picasso: \"We are the two greatest artists of this era-you in the Egyptian style, I in the modern style.\"1 Despite growing acclaim in his late years, Rousseau struggled for sales and was forced to supplement his meager income by giving private painting and violin lessons. He occasionally sold works through the dealers Ambroise Vollard and Wilhelm Uhde. In 1909 Rousseau was convicted of complicity in a bank fraud, but authorities suspended the sentence because of his age and apparent failure to comprehend his role in the crime. Rousseau died in Paris of pneumonia in 1910. In 1911 Uhde organized a retrospective at the Ind\u00e9pendants and published the first biography of Rousseau.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1844", "death_year": "1910", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-06-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1908, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1908", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:32:26.866000"}, {"id": 135661, "accession_number": "1959.190", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Diana and Her Nymphs Departing for the Hunt, c. 1615. Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577\u20131640), and Workshop. Oil on canvas; framed: 261 x 225 x 11 cm (102 3/4 x 88 9/16 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 216 x 178.7 cm (85 1/16 x 70 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1959.190", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Diana and Her Nymphs Departing for the Hunt", "creation_date": "c. 1615", "creation_date_earliest": 1610, "creation_date_latest": 1620, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Flemish", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 261 x 225 x 11 cm (102 3/4 x 88 9/16 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 216 x 178.7 cm (85 1/16 x 70 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.61, "height_inch": 102, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 2.25, "width_inch": 88, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 2.16, "height_inch": 85, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.787, "width_inch": 70, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 220868, "title": "Rubens and His Time", "description": "<i>Rubens and His Time</i>. Museo de San Carlos (INBA) (November 5, 1998-February 28, 1999); Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara (Galleria d'Arte Moderna et Contemporanea) (March 1-June 1, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, British Institution, 1821, cat. no. 61.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "London, British Institution, 1839, cat. no. 141.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "The Art Treasures of Great Britain, Manchester, 1857:  cat. no. 549.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Four hundredth Anniversary of the Birth of Peter Paul Rubens, CMA, 1977: dossier show:  no catalogue", "opening_date": "1977-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mexico City, Mexico: The Museo Nacional de San Carlos, INBA (11/5/98 - 2/28/99); Ferrara, Italy: Palazzo dei Diamanti (3/28/99 - 6/27/99) \"Rubens and His Time\" cat. no 18 (Mexico) cat. no. 16 (Italy)", "opening_date": "1998-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage (March 29, 2007 - July 8, 2007):  \"Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "\u00c9douard [1868-1949] and Germaine [1884-1975] de Rothschild, Chantilly, sold to Rosenberg & Stiebel through Robert Leclerc1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Leclerc was a banker for various members of the Rothschild family.</div>"], "date": "1948-1959", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "In possession of the Allies; restituted to \u00c9douard and Germaine de Rothschild1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1According to the Munich Central Collecting Point Property Card (5133/B,gaden 95/3. 5057 Berchtesgaden 1 - 5490 Berchtesgaden 445.&nbsp; Records Relating to Property Accessions, compiled 1945 \u2013 1949.&nbsp; Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951, Record Group 260.&nbsp; National Archives Identifier 3725277.&nbsp; M1946, Roll 177, page 1.&nbsp; <em>Fold3.com, </em>http://www.fold3.com/image/312471209, retrieved January 22, 2015), the Allies found this painting at Berchtesgaden, where Goering had sent his collection when the Allies began their approach to Veldenstein. The painting appears in Tome II (no. 3294) of <em>Le</em> <em>R\u00e9pertoire des biens spoli\u00e9s</em> <em>en France durant la guerre 1939-1945</em>, which lists property removed from France by the Nazis during the war. The painting arrived at the Collecting Point on July 25, 1945 and was assigned number 5133.&nbsp; On June 3, 1948 the Rubens was repatriated to France and then returned to \u00c9douard and Germaine de Rothschild.<strong>Provenance Footnote: &nbsp;</strong></div><div><!--block--><br></div><div><!--block--><br><br></div>"], "date": "1945-1948", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "In possession of Hermann Goering [1893-1946], probably Carinhall, Brandenburg1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1On October 20, 1942, Goering selected works at the Jeu de Paume for his personal collection.&nbsp; This painting is No. 163 (as \u201cDiana mit Gefolge\") on the <em>Liste der f\u00fcr die Sammlung des Reichsmarschalls Hermann G\u00f6ring abgegebenen Kunstgegenst\u00e4nde, Oct. 20, 1942</em> (Liste der f\u00fcr die Sammlung des Reichsmarschalls Hermann G\u00f6ring abgegebenen Kunstgegenst\u00e4nde October 20, 1942. Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR): Consolidated Interrogation Report (CIR) No. 2 (Attachments And Index). Restitution Research Records. Records of the U.S. Occupation Headquarters, World War II, Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 3725274. M1946, Roll 122, page 17. <em>Fold3.com</em>, http://www.fold3.com/image/114/269975002/, retrieved July 15, 2013).&nbsp; Throughout the war, Goering kept the selected works in his possession at his two residences, Carinhall and Kurf\u00fcrst, but in February, March, and April of 1945, he sent them away for safekeeping: two shipments went to a castle in Veldenstein \u2013 the Rubens appears as No. 404, \u201cDiana mit Gef\u00e4hrtinnen,\u201d on the list of Goering\u2019s paintings from Veldenstein (Bilder aus Kurf\u00fcrst nach Veldenstein 1945-1950. G\u00f6ring, Hermann: Paintings from Veldenstein. Restitution Research Records. Records of the U.S. Occupation Headquarters, World War II, Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 3725274. M1946, Roll 127, page 21. <em>Fold3.com</em>, http://www.fold3.com/image/114/270007303/, retrieved July 15, 2013).&nbsp; Then, as the Allies approached Veldenstein on April 7, Goering ordered all of the art objects removed; they were packed into freight cars and sent to Berchtesgaden three days later (Annex 1: The Looting of the G\u00f6ring Train 1945-1950. Berchtesgaden: G\u00f6ring Train. Restitution Research Records. Records of the U.S. Occupation Headquarters, World War II, Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 3725274. M1946, Roll 118, page 33-38. <em>Fold3.com</em>, http://www.fold3.com/image/#270038349/, retrieved July 15, 2013), where they would be found by the Allies.</div>"], "date": "1942-1945", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "In possession of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), selected by Hermann Goering for his collection1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The ERR located Rothschild's hidden collection at the Chateau de Reux and confiscated it, including the Rubens, in September 1940, as is recorded in the Rothschild claim file (F185, Rothschild, \u00c9douard Baron de.&nbsp; Cultural Property Claim Applications.&nbsp; Records of the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA) Section of the Reparations and Restitution Branch, OMGUS, 1945-1951, Record Group 260.&nbsp; National Archives Identifier 1571289.&nbsp; M1949, Roll 13, page 5.&nbsp; <em>Fold3.com, </em>http://www.fold3.com/image/292890009/, retrieved January 26, 2015).&nbsp; After its confiscation, the painting was taken to the Jeu de Paume in Paris (ERR Card No. R 90).&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1940-1942", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "\u00c9douard [1868-1949] and Germaine [1884-1975] de Rothschild, Ferri\u00e8res, confiscated by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1By 1940, \u00c9douard de Rothschild had hidden much of his collection at the family\u2019s Chateau de Reux in Calvados (French Documents \u2014 Misc. Subject Files.&nbsp; Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas (The Roberts Commission), 1943-1946. Record Group 239.&nbsp; National Archives Identifier 1537311.&nbsp; M1944, Roll 86, page 216.&nbsp; <em>Fold3.com, </em>http://www.fold3.com/image/273365234/, retrieved January 26, 2015).&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably 1905-1940", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Mayer Alphonse de Rothschild [1827-1905], Ferri\u00e8res, by descent to his son, \u00c9douard de Rothschild", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably by 1899-1905", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Thomas George Baring, First Earl of Northbrook [1826-1904], sold to Mayer Alphonse de Rothschild1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The <em>Descriptive Catalogue of the collection of pictures belonging to the Earl of Northbrook</em> does not include this painting, which indicates Baring had sold it to Rothschild by its publication in 1889.&nbsp; This is consistent with Ludwig Burchard's letter of Nov. 19, 1958, which notes that Rothschild purchased the painting from Baring c. 1890.&nbsp; The Northbrook catalogue does contain several other Rubens paintings that, like the CMA painting, were sold by C. Nieuwenhuys to Thomas Baring, and then passed to Thomas George Baring.</div>"], "date": "1873-probably by 1889", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Thomas Baring, Esq. [1799-1873], London, by descent to his nephew Thomas George Baring1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Some versions of this provenance say the painting was owned by Alexander Baring rather than Thomas Baring, perhaps due to the inclusion in <em>Treasures of Art in Great Britain</em> (1854) of a Rubens <em>Diana and Nymphs overtaking a stag</em> (vol. II, p. 102), in the collection of Alexander Baring and formerly with Joseph Bonaparte.&nbsp; Both the provenance and the description of this painting make it clear, however, that it is not the CMA painting. &nbsp; Furthermore, several sources state that Thomas George Baring inherited the painting from his uncle: the Baring genealogy (http://www.baringarchive.org.uk/barings_people/baring_family_genealogy/) shows that his uncle was Thomas Baring, not Alexander.&nbsp; Thus, it can be concluded that the CMA painting was not in Alexander\u2019s collection (by 1854 or otherwise), but rather was sold by Nieuwenhuys to Thomas Baring.</div>"], "date": "By 1857-1873", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "C. Nieuwenhuys, sold to Thomas Baring", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1840-by 1854", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(Clarke sale, Christie's, London, May 8-9, 1840, no. 52, sold to C. Nieuwenhuys)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1840", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Sir Simon H. Clarke, 10th Baronet Clarke [1818-1849], Oakhill, Hertfordshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1803-1840", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "(Sale, Greenwood & Co., London, Feb. 19, 1803, probably sold to Simon H. Clarke)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The Rubens painting is not printed in the Greenwood sale catalogue, but rather is handwritten on page 3 of the Courtauld copy of the 1803 sale, along with Rubens's <em>Rape of the Sabine Women</em>. \"Clarke\" is written in as the buyer for the CMA painting; \"Angerstein\" for the <em>Sabine Women</em>.&nbsp; Written above both paintings is the notation: \"\"Mr.___d that Mr. Birch [sic?] sold 2 Picts. by Rubens.\" See note 6 for additional information.</div>"], "date": "1803", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "(Michael Bryan, London?)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1There are suggestions both in the museum's files and in the provenance of another Rubens painting, <em>The Rape of the Sabine Women</em>, also sold in the 1803 sale and currently in the National Gallery, London, that the consignor in the 1803 sale was an individual by the name of \"Birch,\" identified by Gregory Martin in his 1970 catalogue of the Flemish paintings in the National Gallery as Charles Birch, a dealer at the time (p. 116).&nbsp; However, it seems probable that \"Birch\" is in fact \"Bryan,\" and perhaps the result of a misreading of the handwritten notation in the 1802 sale catalogue.&nbsp; If Bryan was indeed the consignor, this would account for the small provenance gap from 1802-1803, and would, of course, make sense chronologically, given that Bryan purchased the painting at the 1802 sale.&nbsp; Evidence situating the <em>Sabine Women</em> in Bryan's possession prior to 1803 would provide confirmation that \"Birch\" is in fact \"Bryan,\" and that the former was an error on the part of the author of the catalogue notation.&nbsp; Of course, it is also possible that after purchasing the painting from Christie's in 1802, Bryan transferred the painting to Birch, who then put it up for auction at the 1803 Greenwood sale.</div>"], "date": "1802-1803", "sortorder": 15}, {"description": "(Clarke/Hibbert sale, Christie's, London, May 14-15, 1802, no. 71, sold to Michael Bryan)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1This sale included paintings from \"the united cabinet of Sir Simon Clarke, Bart. and George Hibbert, Esq.\"&nbsp; Some sources, including the Getty Provenance Index, indicate the Rubens was bought in at this auction, while the buyer notation in the catalogue lists Bryan.&nbsp; Because Bryan was a dealer as well as a collector, he could have had an arrangement with Christie's whereby he purchased the painting after it failed to sell; he may then have put it up for auction at Greenwood &amp; Co. in 1803.&nbsp;</div><div><!--block--><br></div><ul><li><!--block--><br></li></ul>"], "date": "1802", "sortorder": 16}, {"description": "Sir Simon Haughton Clarke, 9th Baronet Clarke [1764-1832], Oakhill, Hertfordshire, and George Hibbert [1757-1837]1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Clarke and Hibbert were business associates who purchased a number of paintings together.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably 1798-1802", "sortorder": 17}, {"description": "(Coxe, Burrel & Foster, London, Bryan sale, May 17, 1798, no. 42, sold to Simon H. Clarke)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1According to the Getty Provenance Index, this painting may have been bought in; however, William Buchanan's <em>Memoirs of Painting</em> (1924) says that the painting sold to \"Sir S. Clarke.\"&nbsp; Clarke indeed most likely purchased the painting at the 1798 sale, as it makes sense in terms of timing, and furthermore, his name does follow this sale in the provenance in the case of at least one other painting (Salvator Rosa's <em>Pythagoras Emerging from the Underworld</em>, currently in the Kimbell Art Museum).</div>"], "date": "1798", "sortorder": 18}, {"description": "Michael Bryan [1757 \u2013 1821], London1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The 1798 sale catalogue of Bryan's collection says that Bryan, an art historian, dealer, and connoisseur, purchased the painting from a descendant of the Valckenier family.&nbsp; If a \"van Coevorden\" indeed purchased the painting from Elisabeth Hooft's estate sale, this would suggest that van Coevorden was a descendent of the Valckenier family; however, a connection between them has yet to be identified.&nbsp; Another possibility is that Bryan was the buyer at the Hooft sale and van Coevorden acted as his agent.</div>"], "date": "Until 1798", "sortorder": 19}, {"description": "Van Coevorden1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1This buyer's identity is unknown.&nbsp; The name is written next to the painting in the catalogue of the Hooft sale and appears to read \"van Coevorden.\"&nbsp; He may have been the agent for Michael Bryan.</div>"], "date": "1796=", "sortorder": 20}, {"description": "(C. Blasius, et.al., Amsterdam, Hooft estate sale, August 31, 1796, no. 32, sold to van Coevorden)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "1796", "sortorder": 21}, {"description": "Elisabeth Hooft [c. 1711-1796], Amsterdam", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1784-1796", "sortorder": 22}, {"description": "Wouter Valckenier and family [1705-1784], Amsterdam, by descent to his widow, Elisabeth Hooft", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1784", "sortorder": 23}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The moon and stars on the white and black dog\u2019s collar indicate that both hounds are companions of Diana, accompanying the goddess on her hunts.", "description": "Diana, the Roman goddess of the hunt, wears a crescent on her forehead, also identifying her as the moon goddess. Diana lived apart from men, accompanied by a group of nymphs; she often represented unattainable beauty or chastity. With a nymph at left fending off a lustful satyr, Rubens refers to a struggle between vice and virtue, combining a sensual display of female bodies with a moral undertone. To bring the viewer more fully into the narrative, Rubens pulls the full-bodied figures to the front of the picture plane, and Diana steps forward, activating the space between viewer and subject. The nymph at the right has the features of Isabella Brant, the artist\u2019s wife, and can be compared with Rubens\u2019s portrait of her, also in the museum's collection.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465206"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.190-diana-and-her-nymphs"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d September 14, 1959, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0433"}, {"citation": "S. E. L. \u201cYear in Review.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 46, no. 10 (December 1959): 210\u2013231.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210; Mentioned: p. 230", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142366"}, {"citation": "Rubens, Peter Paul, and Henry S. Francis. \u201cDiana and Her Nymphs Departing for the Chase.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 47, no. 2 (February 1960): 19\u201327.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 19-27", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142378"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n143"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n143"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n174"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27-32; Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael. <em>Rubens:Catalogo Completo. </em>Milano: Rizzoli, 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "McGrath, Elizabeth, et. al. <em>Rubens: Mythological Subjects. Achilles to the Graces.</em> London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 242, no. 27a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \"A Strange Diana: The Roman goddess as painted by Rubens bears more than a passing resemblance to a god.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 4 (July/August 2016): 10-11.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11; Mentioned: p. 10-11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-04"}, {"citation": "Jonckheere, Koenraad. \"Aertsen, Rubens and the questye in early modern painting.\" <em>Nederlands kunsthistorisch jaarboek 68 (2018): 72-99.</em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70, 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wieseman, Marjorie E. \"Collecting Rubens in America.\" In <em>America and the Art of Flanders: Collecting Paintings by Rubens, Van Dyck, and Their Circles. </em>Esme\u0301e.Quodbach, ed., 144-157. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 153-154; reproduced: P. 156, fig. 89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Faroult, Guillaume, Sophie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my, Sandra Buratti-Hasan, and Jenny Gaschke. Absolutely bizarre !: les dro\u0302les d'histoire de l'e\u0301cole de Bristol (1800-1840). 2020, 23.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; pp. 22-23, fig. 1.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Borggrefe, Heiner, Michael Bischoff, and Vera Lu\u0308pkes. Hofjagd: Privileg und Spektakel. 2021, 15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 14-15, abb. 5.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Balis, Arnout, Peter Paul Rubens, Elizabeth McGrath, and P. van Calster. <em>Thinking Through Rubens: Selected Studies. </em>Turnhout ; London : Harvey Miller Publishers, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jonckheere, Koenraad. <em>Rubens\u2019s Questions: Religion, Paragone, and the Ontology of Painting.</em> London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 56-57, fig. 2.5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.190", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.190/1959.190_web.jpg", "width": "751", "height": "900", "filesize": "268952", "filename": "1959.190_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.190/1959.190_print.jpg", "width": "2838", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2857923", "filename": "1959.190_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.190/1959.190_full.tif", "width": "8758", "height": "10493", "filesize": "275725452", "filename": "1959.190_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.190/1959.190_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "764", "height": "893", "filesize": "546271"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.190/1959.190_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2908", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7714525"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.190/1959.190_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4671", "height": "5461", "filesize": "76561936"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T16:42:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.190/1959.190_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "468334"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.190/1959.190_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2830", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6018026"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.190/1959.190_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4994", "height": "6000", "filesize": "89926404"}, "date_created": "2007-01-26T20:06:23", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 135661, "creators": [{"id": 1251, "description": "Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577\u20131640)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1577", "death_year": "1640", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-06-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1610, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1615", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Diana and Her Nymphs Departing for the Chase"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:00:18.302000"}, {"id": 135214, "accession_number": "1958.23", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Troubadour, 1868\u201373. Honor\u00e9 Daumier (French, 1808\u20131879). Oil on fabric; framed: 99.5 x 73 x 8 cm (39 3/16 x 28 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 83.6 x 56.8 cm (32 15/16 x 22 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.23", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "The Troubadour", "creation_date": "1868\u201373", "creation_date_earliest": 1868, "creation_date_latest": 1873, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 99.5 x 73 x 8 cm (39 3/16 x 28 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 83.6 x 56.8 cm (32 15/16 x 22 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.995, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.73, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.836, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.568, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in lower right: h.D. [reinforced]\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518665, "title": "Paintings and Drawings of Daumier", "description": "<i>Paintings and Drawings of Daumier</i>. Tate Britain, London (June 14-July 30, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361184, "title": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier, 1808-1879", "description": "<i>Honor\u00e9 Daumier, 1808-1879</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (September 23-November 25, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211412, "title": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier", "description": "<i>Honor\u00e9 Daumier</i>. National Gallery of Canada (organizer) (June 3-September 6, 1999); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France (October 5, 1999-January 3, 2000); The Phillips Collection (February 19-May 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-06-03T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition Daumier</em>. Palais de l'\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, Paris, France (1901).", "opening_date": "1901-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Honor\u00e9 Daumier Ausstellung, Gem\u00e4lde, Aquarelle Zeichnungen</em>, Galerie Matthiesen. Berlin, Germany (1926).", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Corot-Daumier. </em>Museum of Modern Art., New York, NY (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Count Armand Doria [1824-1896] Orrouy, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1896", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Armand Doria sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, May 4-5, 1899 (no. 132), sold to Ambroise Vollard)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block--><em>The Troubadour, </em>here titled \u201cPage jouant de la mandoline,\u201d was sold to dealer Ambroise Vollard together with no. 133, \u201cFemme portant un enfant,\u201d for ff 3,350. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1899", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Ambroise Vollard, Paris, sold to Paul Cassirer)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Vollard\u2019s stock book lists \u201cLe Chanteur,\u201d with a provenance of \u201cDoria,\u201d under stock no. 3,465; a label on the painting\u2019s stretcher with this number confirms that \u201cLe Chanteur\u201d and the CMA picture are one and the same. &nbsp; The Vollard register from May 1899 lists \u201c2 Daumier pendants guitariste et m\u00e8re et enfant\u201d \u2013 lots 132 and 133 in the Doria sale from that month.&nbsp; In 1908 Vollard seems to have consigned the Daumier to H.O. Miethke, a Vienna dealer who often acted as an intermediary in Vollard\u2019s foreign trade activities.&nbsp; The Daumier is No. 42 in <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier, 1808-1879,</em> an exhibition held at Galerie Miethke in November-December 1980.&nbsp; The painting apparently failed to sell and was returned to Vollard: the Cassirer Archive, held by the Walter Feilchenfeldt Gallery, records the sale of \"Le Guitarist\"by Vollard to Cassirer on October 28, 1912. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1899-by 1912", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Paul Cassirer, Berlin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->It is not known to whom and when Cassirer sold the painting; however, it was likely by 1915, as the 1910-1915 Cassirer sales book was destroyed during the war, and later sales books make no mention of the Daumier. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1912 - probably by 1915", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Eduard Fuchs [1870-1940], Berlin-Zehlendorf, by descent to his wife, Margaret Fuchs", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->A photograph, dated 1928, shows <em>The Troubadour</em> prominently displayed on a wall in the \u201cDaumier-Zimmers\u201d in Fuchs\u2019 Berlin villa.&nbsp; In 1930, Fuchs, a collector, writer, and historian with a passion for Daumier, published <em>Der Maler Daumier,</em> a catalogue of the artist\u2019s work.&nbsp; In it he notes that <em>The Troubadour</em> (there titled <em>Der Page</em>) was currently in his collection; he also lent the painting to an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art that year.&nbsp; In February of 1933, Fuchs and his wife Margaret fled to Paris; on October 25 of that same year his collection was confiscated by the Gestapo.&nbsp; <em>The Troubadour, </em>however, along with several other Daumier paintings, appears to have avoided confiscation: it may have been among nine unspecified Daumier paintings for which Fuchs transferred ownership to his friend Felix Weil as security for a loan.&nbsp; These paintings were sent to Rotterdam, thus securing their safety.&nbsp; Furthermore, no references to <em>The Troubadour </em>in databases or lists of Nazi-looted art have been located, nor is the painting listed in any of the five Nazi-era sales of the Fuchs collection (Lepke, June 16-17. 1937; Lepke, Oct. 15-16, 1937; Lepke, Nov. 4-5, 1937; Lepke, June 22-24, 1938; Boerner, May 23-24, 1938).&nbsp; These auctions took place after the director of the Berlin Nationalgalerie, Eberhard Hanfstaengl, was able to convince the Gestapo that the confiscation of the Fuchs collection, just before the 1936 Olympics, would harm the cultural reputation of Germany.&nbsp; Thus, the collection was granted provisional release in 1935.&nbsp; Fuchs\u2019 daughter was nevertheless forced to sell off her father\u2019s collection in order to settle the tax liabilities he faced after the return of the collection.</div>"], "date": "By 1928-1940", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Margaret Fuchs, Paris and New York, consigned to Justin K. Thannhauser", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1940-1953", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Justin K. Thannhauser, New York, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Thannhauser Archives in Cologne show that Thannhauser had the painting on consignment from Margaret Fuchs in the 1950s.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1953", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr., [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953-1958", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Daumier was called the \u201cMichelangelo of caricature\u201d and especially renowned for his cartoons and drawings satirizing 19th-century French politics and society.", "description": "The troubadour, a medieval traveling poet and entertainer, was a popular subject in 19th-century French art. Associated with chivalry and courtly love, the theme reflects a broader, romantic fascination with France's medieval past. Although Daumier was particularly inspired by the troubadour paintings of French Rococo artist Jean-Antoine Watteau of the 1700s, he rendered the subject here in a powerful style of simplified, muscular form that appealed to modern artists of his own time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483497"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.23-the-troubadour"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit. <em>Tableaux modernes</em>. May 4-5, 1899.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Daumier Register,\u201d DR number 7186 \u201cLe Troubadour,\u201d <a href=\"http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186\">http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186</a>, accessed 12/10/15.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Maison, K. E. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier; Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings</em>. [Greenwich, Conn.]: New York Graphic Society, 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Daumier, Honore\u0301. <em>Daumier, Paintings and Drawings: An Exhibition Organized by the Arts Council of Great Britain at the Tate Gallery, June 14th to July 30th, 1961</em>. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1961. <ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit. <em>Tableaux modernes</em>. May 4-5, 1899.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Daumier Register,\u201d DR number 7186 \u201cLe Troubadour,\u201d <a href=\"http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186\">http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186</a>, accessed 12/10/15.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Maison, K. E. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier; Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings</em>. [Greenwich, Conn.]: New York Graphic Society, 1968.<br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cAmbroise Vollard Research Files,\u201d Record Group 43, Series 43A5.8, Box 54, John Rewald Papers, C\u00e9zanne Materials, Gallery Archives, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Petra Cordioli, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 12, 2016, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Miethke, H.O. Galerie. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier, 1808-1879, Galerie Miethke, Wien, November - Dezember 1908</em>. 1908.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Daumier Register,\u201d DR number 7186 \u201cLe Troubadour,\u201d <a href=\"http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186\">http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186</a>, accessed 12/10/15.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Petra Cordioli, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 12, 2016, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Maison, K. E. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier; Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings</em>. [Greenwich, Conn.]: New York Graphic Society, 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and Alfred H. Barr. <em>Eighth Loan Exhibition: Corot, Daumier ; October 16-November 23, 1930</em>. New York: [Plandome Press], 1930.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fuchs, Eduard. <em>Der maler Daumier</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: A. Langen, 1930. &lt;http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS15367&gt;.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Daumier Register,\u201d DR number 7186 \u201cLe Troubadour,\u201d <a href=\"http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186\">http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186</a>, accessed 12/10/15.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitz, Ulrich.  \u201cDer Sammler Eduard Fuchs: \u2018Das Wesen der Revolution ist das Wesen der Daumierschen Kunst.\u2019\u201d <em>\u201cDaumier ist ungeheuer!\u201d Gem\u00e4lde, Handzeichnungen, Grafiken, Bronzen.  </em>Berlin: Nicolai, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Dr. Bernhard Kosel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Dec. 26, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Dr. Bernhard Kosel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 12, 2016, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William Robinson, email to Christine Edmonson and June de Phillips, March 3, 2009, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Daumier Register,\u201d DR number 7186 \u201cLe Troubadour,\u201d <a href=\"http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186\">http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186</a>, accessed 12/10/15.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Maison, K. E. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier; Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings</em>. [Greenwich, Conn.]: New York Graphic Society, 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Daumier Register,\u201d DR number 7186 \u201cLe Troubadour,\u201d <a href=\"http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186\">http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186</a>, accessed 12/10/15.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William Robinson, email to Christine Edmonson and June de Phillips, March 3, 2009, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Daumier Register,\u201d DR number 7186 \u201cLe Troubadour,\u201d <a href=\"http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186\">http://www.daumier-register.org/werkview.php?key=7186</a>, accessed 12/10/15.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Klossowski, Erich. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: R. Piper, 1923.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 75, fig. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fuchs, Eduard. \"Honore Daumier.\" <em>Cahiers d'Art </em>3 (1928): 185-197.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fuchs, Eduard. <em>Der maler Daumier</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: A. Langen, 1930.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maison, K. E. \"Further Daumier Studies-II: Preparatory Drawings for Paintings.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 98, no. 639 (June 1956): 199-205.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 200", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/871814."}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> 21 (Spring 1958): 82-109.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Report for the Year 1958: Painting Department.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLVI</em>, no. 6 (June, 1959): 121-122.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Rey, Robert. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maison, K. E. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Paintings, Watercolours, and Drawings, </em>Greenwich, CT:New York Graphic Society, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 186, pl. 137, vol. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Mandel, Gabriele. <em>L'opera pittorica completa di Daumier</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 269, plate 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n230"}, {"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \"Three Guitars: Reflections of Italian Comedy in Watteau, Daumier, and Picasso.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of</em> <em>Art LXXI</em>, no.4 (April, 1984):116-129.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laughton, Bruce. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Laughton, Bruce. <em>Honore\u0301 Daumier</em>. New Haven, CT:Yale University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 146-147", "url": null}, {"citation": "Loyette, Henri. <em>Daumier, 1808-1879: Muse\u0301e des Beaux-Arts du Canada, Ottawa, 11 juin-6 septembre 1999 ; Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, 5 octobre 1999-3 janvier 2000 ; The Phillips Collection, Washington, 19 fe\u0301vrier-14 mai 2000</em>. Paris, Fr\u0301ance: Reunion des musees nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74-75; cat. no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fohr, Robert. <em>Daumier: sculpteur et peintre</em>. Paris, France: Adam Biro, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128-129", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seligman, Isabel. <em>Lines of Thought: Drawing from Michelangelo to Now.</em> [London]: Thames &amp; Hudson Ltd.: In collaboration with the British Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109, fig. 39", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.23", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.23/1958.23_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "412396", "filename": "1958.23_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.23/1958.23_print.jpg", "width": "2264", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5874925", "filename": "1958.23_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.23/1958.23_full.tif", "width": "3996", "height": "6000", "filesize": "71961232", "filename": "1958.23_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 135214, "creators": [{"id": 1638, "description": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier (French, 1808\u20131879)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier was eight years old when his father, a glazier and frame maker who had decided to pursue his poetic talents in Paris, sent for the wife and three sons he lad left behind in Marseilles. In Paris Daumier studied drawing with Alexandre Lenoir (1761-1839) and at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. Around 1825 he began a five-year apprenticeship with the publisher and lithographer Z\u00e9pherin Belliard (1798-?). The July revolution of 1830, which established Louis-Philippe as the constitutional monarch in France, coincided with Daumier's creation of satirical lithographs aimed at this new government. That same year he joined La Caricature, a political journal founded by the republican artist-publisher, Charles Philipon (1802-1862). Daumier's antimonarchist and liberal subjects that were printed in this paper eventually cost the journal censorship and the artist six months in jail (31 August 1832 to 14 February 1833) plus a 300-franc fine. His prison sentence did not deter him from producing political statements and, in fact, only fueled his rage. The subjects of his lithographs became much more aggressive. In 1835 he worked for Philipon's second publication, Le Charivari, a humorous political newspaper that published Daumier's satirical caricature until it, too, suffered censorship under the new government. Although Daumier may be best known for his graphic art, he was also a sculptor and a prolific painter. Sculpture became another medium to produce his infamous caricatures. His friend, Honor\u00e9 de Balzac, French novelist and editor of La Caricature, saw in these works the force of Michelangelo. In 1834 Daumier began experimenting with painting, both in oil and watercolor. Apart from his Salon entries of 1849 and 1850, his paintings, which totaled over three hundred, were painted primarily for his own pleasure and virtually unknown to the public until after his death in 1879.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1808", "death_year": "1879", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1868, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1868\u201373", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:54:49.100000"}, {"id": 134072, "accession_number": "1956.578", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sunny Autumn Day, 1892. George Inness (American, 1825\u20131894). Oil on canvas; framed: 111.4 x 137.5 x 12.1 cm (43 7/8 x 54 1/8 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 81 x 106 cm (31 7/8 x 41 3/4 in.); former: 101 x 127 x 7.6 cm (39 3/4 x 50 x 3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1956.578", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Sunny Autumn Day", "creation_date": "1892", "creation_date_earliest": 1892, "creation_date_latest": 1892, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 111.4 x 137.5 x 12.1 cm (43 7/8 x 54 1/8 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 81 x 106 cm (31 7/8 x 41 3/4 in.); Former: 101 x 127 x 7.6 cm (39 3/4 x 50 x 3 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.114, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.375, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.121, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.81, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.06, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "former": {"height": 1.01, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.27, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"G. Inness 1892:", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 315769, "title": "200 Years of American Painting", "description": "<i>200 Years of American Painting</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 1-May 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442438, "title": "George Inness Landscapes: His Signature Years, 1884-1894", "description": "<i>George Inness Landscapes: His Signature Years, 1884-1894</i>. Oakland Museum of California, Oakland, CA (organizer) (November 28, 1978-January 28, 1979); Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (February 10-April 15, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-11-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 218501, "title": "Paris 1900:  The \"American School\" at the Universal Exposition", "description": "<i>Paris 1900:  The \"American School\" at the Universal Exposition</i>. Montclair Art Museum, Montclair, NJ (organizer) (September 18, 1999-January 16, 2000); Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Museum of American Art, Philadelphia, PA (February 11-April 16, 2000); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (May 18-August 13, 2000); Elvehjem Museum of Art, Madison, WI (September 16-December 3, 2000); Mus\u00e9e Carnavalet, Paris, France (February 20-April 29, 2001).", "opening_date": "1999-09-18T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Chicago, World's Columbian Exposition, (1893); cat. no. 598, lent by Thomas B. Clarke, N.Y.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New York, Union League Club, Inness and Homer Exhibition (1898), cat. no. 2, lent by Thomas B. Clarke.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New York, American Art Galleries, Clarke Sale (14-17 February 1899), cat. no. 184.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Paris, Exposition Universelle Internationale de Paris of 1900 (15 April-12 November 1900), \"The Annotated Catalogue of American Paintings, Paris Exposition of 1900\" taken from Appendix B in Paris 1900: The \"American School\" at the Universal Exposition; A18/M771c.", "opening_date": "1900-04-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "St. Louis, St. Louis Universal Exposition (1904); did find Official: Illustrations of Selected Works in the Various National Sections of the Department of Art with Complete List of Awards by the International Jury.", "opening_date": "1904-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, Moulton and Ricketts Galleries, Loan Exhibit: Inness, Wyant, Blakelock (March, 1913), illus. plate VI, cat. not numbered or paginated.", "opening_date": "1913-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, The Eighth Annual Exhibition of Selected Paintings by American Artists (10 May-31 August 1913), cat. no. 61, illus. p. 58, listed p. 23.", "opening_date": "1913-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Macbeth Gallery, (January-April 1925), cat. no. 23, lent by Mrs. Chauncey J. Blair.", "opening_date": "1925-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Inaugural Exhibition (6 June-20 September 1916), cat. no. 21, listed p. 128, not illus.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "St. Louis, City Art Museum of St. Louis, 200 Years of American Painting (1 April-31 May 1964), cat. not numbered, illus. p. 28.", "opening_date": "1964-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776-1976 (6 March-11 April 1976); traveled to Detroit, Detroit Institute of Arts (5 may-3 June 1976); Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September-10 October 1976), illus. cat. no. 25.", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oakland, The Oakland Museum, George Inness Landscapes: His Signature Years 1884-1894 (28 November 1978-28 January 1979), cat. not numbered, but listed and illus. p. 59.", "opening_date": "1978-11-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Visions of Landscape: East and West (17 February-21 March 1982)", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montclair, NJ, The Montclair Art Museum, Paris 1900: The \"American School\" at the Universal Exposition (18 September 1999-16 January 2000); Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts (11 February-16 April 2000); Columbus, Columbus Art Museum (18 May-13 August 2000); Madison, WI, Elvehjem Museum of Art, University of Wisconsin-Madison (16 September-3 December 2000); Paris, Mus\u00e9e Carnavalet (2 February-15 May 2001); cat. no. 81, illus. p. 75.", "opening_date": "2000-02-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas B. Clarke, New York, NY [1884-1931], purchased from artist1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1According to the introduction to the 1899 sale catalogue, Clarke and Inness were acquaintances.&nbsp; Macbeth Gallery's Art Notes also notes that \"it was purchased directly from Inness the year it was painted.\"</div>"], "date": "By October 1892-1899", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(American Art Galleries, American Art Association, New York, Feb. 14-18, 1899, no. 184, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Chauncey J. Blair)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1899", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Chauncey J. [1843\u20131916] and Mary Mitchell Blair [1856-1940], Chicago1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Macbeth Gallery's Art Notes: \"At the disposal of his [Thomas B. Clarke] collection in 1899, it was bought by the late Chauncey Blair of Chicago.\"</div>"], "date": "1899-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Walter Clark Runyon [1857-1929] and Berenice Agnew Runyon [b. 1873], Scarsdale, NY1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Runyon lent the painting to the Macbeth Gallery Centennial Exhibition in 1925, and the gallery's <em>Art Notes</em> from April of that year states that \"the collector who loaned it to our exhibition\" purchased the painting from the estate of the late Chauncey Blair.</div>"], "date": "-1925", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Macbeth Gallery, New York, and George E. Gage Gallery, Cleveland, sold to Elizabeth Bingham Blossom)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The March 28, 1925 issue of <em>American Art News</em> notes that the painting was included in Macbeth's Centennial Exhibition in January of 1925 (cat. no. 23).&nbsp; The price (unannounced) paid for the painting established new record for the artist's work. Mr. and Mrs. Walter Clark Runyon lent the painting to the exhibition.</div>"], "date": "1925", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Inness died while viewing a sunset, proclaiming, \"Oh, how beautiful!\u201d and falling to the ground.", "description": "Highly prolific, Inness created more than 1,000 works during a career lasting 50 years. Dated just two years before his death, <em>Sunny Autumn Day</em> epitomizes his late style in which the physical landscape is transformed into something akin to a spiritual apparition. Featuring blurred forms and atmospheric effects from translucent colors, this scene reflects Inness\u2019s mystical view of the natural world.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20054728"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.578-sunny-autumn-day"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Inness masterpiece sold for record price to Cleveland collector,\" <em>American Art News</em> XXIII (March 28, 1925).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Inness masterpiece sold for record price to Cleveland collector,\" <em>American Art News</em> XXIII (March 28, 1925).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Macbeth Gallery, and Inness, George, 1825-1894. <em>George Inness, 1825-1894; Centennial Exhibition, January 20-February 9 1925, the Macbeth Gallery</em>. Macbeth Gallery, 1925. &lt;http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/u?/p15324coll1,2101&gt;", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Macbeth Gallery, <em>Art Notes </em>(April 1925): 1425.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Quick, Michael. George Inness: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2007. No. 1066.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Macbeth Gallery Stock Disposition Cards - Sold Paintings microfilm, The Archives of American Art, New York.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Macbeth Gallery, <em>Art Notes</em> (April 1925): 1425.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Macbeth Gallery, <em>Art Notes</em> (April 1925): 1425.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "American Art Association. <em>Private Art Collection of Thomas B. Clarke, Part I - Paintings</em>. 1899.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clarke, Thomas Benedict, and Thomas E. Kirby. <em>Catalogue of the Private Art Collection of Thomas B. Clarke, New York: To Be Sold at Absolute Public Sale on the Evenings of February 14, 15, 16 and 17 at Chickering Hall ... and on the Afternoons of February 15, 16, 17 and 18 at the American Art Galleries</em>. New York: American Art Association, 1899.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Macbeth Gallery, <em>Art Notes</em> (April 1925): 1425.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "American Art Association. <em>Private Art Collection of Thomas B. Clarke, Part I - Paintings</em>. 1899.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Inness, George, Gail Stavitsky, William H. Gerdts, and Montclair Art Museum. George Inness, Presence of the Unseen : A Centennial Commemoration. Montclair, N.J.: Montclair Art Museum, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 23; reproduced p. 25.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "DeLue, Rachael Ziady. \u201cGeorge Inness : Landscape, Representation, and the Struggle of Vision,\u201d Ph.D. dissertation, Johns Hopkins University, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 280; reproduced, fig. 5.31.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Report: The Commissioner-General for the United States to the International Universal Exposition, Paris, 1900.</em> Vol. 2 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1901).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 552; reproduced, plate B-2, between pp. 494-95.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Daingerfield, Elliott. <em>Fifty Paintings by George Inness</em>. New York, NY: Priv. Print, 1913.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl.37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ireland, Leroy. <em>The Works of George Inness: An Illustrated Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 372-373; Reproduced: no. 1440", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14-15; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> no. 1(January, 1973): 29", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, no. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Detroit Institute of Arts, and Toledo Museum of Art. <em>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976. </em>Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. <em>The Life and Work of George Inness</em>. New York, NY: Garland Pub, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 309-316, 327-335; Reproduced: no. 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carr, Carolyn Kinder and Robert W Rydell. <em>Revisiting the White City : American Art at the 1893 World's Fair</em>. Washington, DC: National Museum of American Art and National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: University Press of New England, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeLue, Rachael Ziady. <em>George Inness and the Science of Landscape</em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quick, Michael. <em>George Inness: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 371, fig. 1066", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.578", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.578/1956.578_web.jpg", "width": "1179", "height": "893", "filesize": "817166", "filename": "1956.578_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.578/1956.578_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2576", "filesize": "6459446", "filename": "1956.578_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.578/1956.578_full.tif", "width": "4950", "height": "3750", "filesize": "55714008", "filename": "1956.578_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.578/1956.578_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1095", "height": "893", "filesize": "811492"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.578/1956.578_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2774", "filesize": "7024915"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.578/1956.578_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3888", "height": "3172", "filesize": "37042036"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T19:34:22", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Anonymous Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 134072, "creators": [{"id": 2493, "description": "George Inness (American, 1825\u20131894)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1825", "death_year": "1894", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1892, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1892", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:51:58.579000"}, {"id": 120870, "accession_number": "1941.591", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Judgment of Paris, 1914. Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919), and Ricard Guin\u00f3 (Spanish, 1890\u20131973). Bronze; overall: 74.3 x 90.2 x 17.2 cm (29 1/4 x 35 1/2 x 6 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1941.591. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "218 European Sculpture", "title": "The Judgment of Paris", "creation_date": "1914", "creation_date_earliest": 1914, "creation_date_latest": 1914, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Sculpture 1800-1960", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 74.3 x 90.2 x 17.2 cm (29 1/4 x 35 1/2 x 6 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.743, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.902, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.172, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"RENOIR 1914 v.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 216550, "title": "Renoir in the 20th Century", "description": "<i>Renoir in the 20th Century</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (February 14-May 9, 2010); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (June 12-September 5, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-09-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "\"Exposition Art Francais\". Antwerp, 1930.", "opening_date": "1930-04-26T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "\"Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Lamb\". CMA 1933.", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Modern Sculpture\". Chicago Arts Club, 1933.", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Contemporary Sculpture\". CMA 1937.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "A. Vollard, Paris; Thannhauser, Lucerne; Mrs. Mildred H. Lamb, Cleveland; (Parke-Bernet Gallery, NY, Dec 12, 1941, cat. #58)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2876.1936", "2312.1933", "2503.1929"], "did_you_know": "Renoir collaborated with Catalan artist Ricard Guin\u00f3 on a series of sculptures produced between 1913 and 1918. Born in Girona, Spain, Guin\u00f3 had studied with Pablo Picasso's father in Barcelona before moving to Paris in 1910 and becoming an assistant to Aristide Maillol.", "description": "This bronze relief, based on a drawing by Renoir, was modelled and cast by Ricard Guin\u00f3 under Renoir\u2019s supervision. It depicts a theme from classical mythology in which Paris of Troy was directed to give a golden apple to the fairest among three goddesses: Aphrodite, Hera, or Athena. Paris chose Aphrodite, the goddess of love, after she promised him Helen of Sparta, the most beautiful woman in the world, as a bride. Paris\u2019 subsequent abduction of Helen sparked the Trojan War between the Greeks and the city of Troy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780819"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.591-the-judgment-of-pari"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "CMA 1936: \"20th Anniversary Exhibition,\" cat. 311, repr.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "CMA 1956: \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. #79, repr. pl. LVII", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 335", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n65"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n200"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n200"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 218", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n238"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.591", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Betty T. and David M. Schneider Gallery", "athena_id": 120870, "creators": [{"id": 1765, "description": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Renoir's parents, a tailor and a dressmaker, moved their family to Paris in 1844. At age thirteen Renoir apprenticed with the porcelain decorators Levy Fr\u00e8res &amp; Cie. He earned money by painting fans, blinds, and murals for caf\u00e9s. In 1860 he registered to copy Old Master paintings in the Louvre and, the following year, entered the studio of Charles Gleyre (1806-1874), where he met Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Monet (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.). In 1862 he was also accepted at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. With his friends from Gleyre's studio, he began working en plein air and, during a visit to the forest of Fontainebleau, was introduced to Diaz de la Pe\u00f1a (q.v.). After a failed attempt in 1863, Renoir's first painting was accepted at the Salon of 1864, the same year he painted Cleveland's portrait of Romaine Lacaux. More typical of this early period, however, is the painting Diana the Huntress (1867, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), which reveals Courbet's (q.v.) influence. Around 1867 Renoir shared a studio with Bazille and Monet, the latter becoming an important influence on his art. Renoir and Monet's comparable impressionist style during this period is evident in two paintings each made at La grenouill\u00e8re (all four titled La grenouill\u00e8re, 1869: Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, and Pushkin Museum, Moscow [Renoir]; National Gallery, London, and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York [Monet]),1 a bathing establishment on the Seine. After Renoir's military service during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), Monet introduced him to the dealer Durand-Ruel, who began purchasing his works. Renoir's submissions to the Salon were regularly refused, which encouraged him to participate in the first impressionist exhibition in 1874 and the 1875 auction at H\u00f4tel Drouot, where his works were ridiculed by the critics. At the third impressionist exhibition in 1877, he showed Ball at the Moulin de la Galette (1876, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris), in which he addressed a subject of modern life, one of his most characteristic impressionist paintings on a grand scale, with a rich pattern of light and shadow. In 1878 he returned to the Salon and became quite successful, establishing his reputation as a portraitist (1878, Mme Charpentier and her Children, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). He continued to use this official venue for the next several years, declining to exhibit with the impressionists. This decision was partly generated by the fact that his newfound clientele would be more appreciative of his participating in the Salon. He was supported by his patrons, particularly the Charpentiers, owners of a publishing house, whose journal La vie moderne furthered Renoir's reputation. After a trip to North Africa and Italy in 1881, he joined C\u00e9zanne at L'Estaque. Throughout the 1880s and 1890s Renoir traveled extensively through Brittany, Normandy, Provence, and Spain. In the mid-1880s he began to experiment with more linear contours, the application of thinner paint layers, and smoother brush strokes. This so-called Ingresque period, which had a very mixed reception, lasted for about six years. He then reflected upon the achievements of the Old Masters and favored a more fluid style, after which he returned to using broader brush strokes and more vibrant colors. In 1886 he was given a one-man show by Durand-Ruel. By 1900 Renoir was an established artist: he became Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1900 and four years later was honored at the Salon d'Automne with a gallery devoted to his works. Beginning in 1912 he suffered from rheumatism and began using a wheelchair, yet he continued to work until the end of his life. He now often stayed in southern France, where he owned property in Cagnes-sur-Mer. Renoir regularly exhibited his works at the Durand-Ruel and Bernheim-Jeune galleries in Paris, as well as elsewhere in Europe and in the United States.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1841", "death_year": "1919", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 61535, "description": "Ricard Guin\u00f3 (Spanish, 1890\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": "Guin\u00f3 was Renoir's collaborator during the late years, and French courts have ruled that such sculptures should be attributed to both men.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1890", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1914, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1914", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:00.740000"}, {"id": 97155, "accession_number": "1916.793", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Couple, c. 1580\u201388. Northern Italy, late 16th century. Oil on canvas; framed: 132 x 173 x 10.5 cm (51 15/16 x 68 1/8 x 4 1/8 in.); unframed: 99.8 x 140.5 cm (39 5/16 x 55 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Holden Collection, 1916.793", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "Portrait of a Couple", "creation_date": "c. 1580\u201388", "creation_date_earliest": 1580, "creation_date_latest": 1588, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern Italy, late 16th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 132 x 173 x 10.5 cm (51 15/16 x 68 1/8 x 4 1/8 in.); Unframed: 99.8 x 140.5 cm (39 5/16 x 55 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.32, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.73, "width_inch": 68, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.105, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.998, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.405, "width_inch": 55, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed upper left:  AETA, SVAE, ANNO.  XXXV, upper right: AETA.  SVAE.  ANNO.  XXVIII", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Boston, 1883: American Exhibition of Foregin Products, Arts, and Manufactures: Art Department, \"Jarves Collection,' pp. 20-22. (A Checklist of the collection exhibited by James Jackson Jarves at the Boston exposition; the collection was viewed and subsequently purchased, in toto, by Mr and Mrs L. E. Holden of Cleveland.)", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1912: \"Loan Exhibition of the Holden Collection,\" catalogue: Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, vol. vIII, no. 10 (October 1912), pp. 174-183; author Bryson Burroughs.)", "opening_date": "1912-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1916: \"The Inaugural Exhibition of CMA,\" cat. no. 27.", "opening_date": "1916-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Denver Art Museum, March1-April 30, 1956: \"Clothers Make the Man,\" repr. p. 13 in catalogue.", "opening_date": "1956-04-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1962: \"Art and Humanism in the Renaissance,\" (no catalogue).", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "James Jackson Jarves (1884).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Liberty E. Holden, Cleveland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bejeweled martin (weasel) was a coveted fashion accessory in Renaissance Europe.", "description": "While the attribution remains hotly debated, this work exemplifies how Italian portraiture of the 1500s could articulate family alliances through marriage. The inscription gives the sitters\u2019 ages as 35 and 28, and their elaborate jewelry, weapons, and garments, made of expensive materials, convey their elite status. The marten skin attached to the woman\u2019s waist-its head decorated with gems-symbolized propriety. These expressions of wealth convey achievements and position rather than accurate personalities, and the figures, though lifelike, stand in awkward relationship to each other, their interaction one of alliance not love.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502651"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.793-portrait-of-a-couple"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rubinstein-Bloch, Stella. <em>Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings, Etc. Presented by Mrs. Liberty E. Holden to the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1917.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29, cat. no. 28; Reproduced: p. 60, No. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Holden_80856/page/n39"}, {"citation": "G. U. \"The Holden Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 2 (1917): 19-34.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 19, 20; reproduced: p. 35", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136067"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n27"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n33"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 411", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n75"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n120"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n120"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 113", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n133"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 458; Mentioned: p. 459-460", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lisby, Darnell-Jamal, William Griswold, Matteo Augello, Alessandra Arezzi Boza, Massimiliano Capella, Luke Meagher, Stefania Ricci, and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146-147, pl. 31", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.793", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.793/1916.793_web.jpg", "width": "1257", "height": "893", "filesize": "749771", "filename": "1916.793_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.793/1916.793_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2415", "filesize": "5683702", "filename": "1916.793_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.793/1916.793_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "4262", "filesize": "76748452", "filename": "1916.793_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.793/1916.793_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "686359"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.793/1916.793_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2626", "filesize": "6266751"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.793/1916.793_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5764", "height": "4452", "filesize": "77011012"}, "date_created": "2010-10-26T12:44:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.793/1916.793_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1143", "height": "893", "filesize": "637706"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.793/1916.793_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2657", "filesize": "5647494"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.793/1916.793_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6004", "height": "4693", "filesize": "112747380"}, "date_created": "2010-10-26T12:33:51", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Holden Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97155, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-06-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1580, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1580\u201388", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Gentleman and His Wife"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:14:15.697000"}, {"id": 124089, "accession_number": "1944.90", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, 1635 or earlier. Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669), and Studio. Oil on wood; framed: 97.8 x 83.8 x 6.4 cm (38 1/2 x 33 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 77.5 x 64.8 cm (30 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.90", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "1635 or earlier", "creation_date_earliest": 1630, "creation_date_latest": 1635, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 97.8 x 83.8 x 6.4 cm (38 1/2 x 33 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 77.5 x 64.8 cm (30 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.978, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.838, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.775, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.648, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed at right center: \"Rembrandt. f. 1635.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300448, "title": "Dutch Painting, The Golden Age", "description": "<i>Dutch Painting, The Golden Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 27, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441860, "title": "Rembrandt: His Teachers and Pupils", "description": "<i>Rembrandt: His Teachers and Pupils</i>. Kawamura Memorial Museum of Art, Sakura City, Japan (organizer) (June 13-August 2, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-06-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 226545, "title": "Rembrandt Rembrandt", "description": "<i>Rembrandt Rembrandt</i>. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (organizer) (November 3, 2002-January 13, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-11-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 214325, "title": "Rembrandt in America", "description": "<i>Rembrandt in America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 19-May 28, 2012); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (June 24-September 16, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-30T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition of Hals and Rembrandt, Los Angeles County Museum, Los Angeles, CA (November 1947- January 1948).", "opening_date": "1947-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Old Masters, Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH March-April 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Haggin Memorial Galleries, Stockton, California, 1948.", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Benefit Exhibition of Paintings by Rembrandt, Wildenstein &amp; Co., 1950.", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Masterpiece Series, Akron Art Institute, April 14- May 17, 1953.", "opening_date": "1953-04-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Man and His Years, Baltimore Museum of Art, 1954, p. 15, no. 81.", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chiba, Japan, Kawamura Memorial Museum of Art, 1992: cat. no. ?.", "opening_date": "1992-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Three Hundred Paintings by Old Masters. Sedelmeyer Gallery, Paris, France (1898).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Austellung von Weken Alter Kunst aus dem Privatbesitz der Mitglieder des K. Friderich Museums-- Vereins, Kaiser Friedrich Museum, Berlin, Germany (January 27-March 4, 1906).", "opening_date": "1906-01-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Capo de Lista family collection (?) (Padua, Italy)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Barbini-Breganze coll., Venice (1847) cat. no. 204;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "St\u00e4delsches Kunstinstitut (Frankfurt am Main, Germany) (inv. no. 927), 1847 to 1882;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "sold, Paris, May 5, 1882, no. 30;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Charles Sedelmeyer (Paris, France);", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Karl von der Heydt (Berlin, Germany) (1906);", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "A.B. Antik (Stockholm, Sweden)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "consigned to Knoedler & Co. (New York, and London, England, 1919);", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "sold to Elisabeth Severance Prentiss (Cleveland, Ohio), in exchange for John Hoppner, Portrait of Mrs. Jermingham and Herman Kricheldorf, Still-Life with Lobster, 1919, upon her death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Estate of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting is probably a pendant to a portrait of a man that is now at the Kawamura Memorial Museum of Art in Japan. Both were cut down from their original rectangular shape.", "description": "At the age of 25, Rembrandt moved from his hometown of Leiden to the bustling city of Amsterdam. Within a few years he had become one of the city\u2019s most successful portrait painters, creating remarkably vivid likenesses that seemed to express the personality and soul of the sitter. Here, Rembrandt used smooth, fluid brushstrokes to recreate the soft texture of the woman\u2019s skin. In contrast, thicker, more textured strokes draw attention to the lavish display of her lace collar and gold jewelry\u2014details sure to please a wealthy client. The extraordinary demand at that time for a portrait by Rembrandt meant that in many cases (including, probably, this painting) he called upon assistants to help complete the work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21475059"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.90-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Parthey, G. <em>Deutscher Bildersaal: Verzeichniss der in Deutschland vorhandenen Oelbilder verstorbener Maler aller Schulen, in alphabetischer Folge zusammengestellt.</em> Berlin, Germany: Nicolaische, 1863.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 339, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Ris, L. Cl\u00e9ment. \"Le Mus\u00e9e de Frankfort-sur-le-Mein.\" <em>Revue Universelle des Arts </em>XIX (1864): 344-353.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vosmaer, Carel. <em>Rembrandt, Sa Vie et Ses Oeuvres.</em> La Haye: M. Nijhoff, 1877.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 508", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bode, Wilhelm von. <em>Studien zur Geschichte der Holla\u0308ndischen Malerei.</em> Braunschweig: F. Vieweg und Sohn, 1883.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 405", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dutuit, Euge\u0300ne. <em>L'\u0153uvre Complet de Rembrandt.</em> Paris: A. Le\u0301vy, 1883.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bode, Wilhelm von. <em>The Complete Work of Rembrandt, History, Description and Heliographic Reproduction of All the Master's Pictures, with a Study of His Life and His Art.</em> Paris: C. Sedelmeyer, 1897.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bode, Wilhelm von, C. Hofstede de Groot, and Florence Simmonds. <em>The Complete Work of Rembrandt, History, Description and Heliographic Reproduction of All the Master's Pictures, with a Study of His Life and His Art. </em>Paris: C. Sedelmeyer, 1897.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. II, no. 117; mentioned: Vol. II, p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sedelmeyer, Charles. <em>Illustrated Catalogue of 300 Paintings by Old Masters of the Dutch, Flemish, Italian, French, and English Schools</em>, Paris, France: [Printed for Ch. Sedelmeyer by Lahure], 1898.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142, no. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wurzbach, Alfred von. <em>Niederla\u0308ndisches Ku\u0308nstler-Lexikon; auf Grund archivalischer Forschungen bearbeitet.</em> Wien, Austria: Halm und Goldmann, 1906.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 413, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, C. P. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century.</em> London, United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co, 1908.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 387, no. 846, vol. VI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Adolf, and Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner. <em>Rembrandt; des Meisters Gema\u0308lde,</em> Stuttgart, Germany: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1909.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Voss, Hermann. \"Ausstellung von bildnissen des XV bis XVIII, Jahrhunderts aus dem Privatbesitz der Mitglieder des Kaiser Friedrich-Museum-Vereines zu Berlin.\" <em>Der Cicerone: Halbmonatsschrift fu\u0308r die Interessen des Kunstforschers und Sammlers </em>I (1909): 287-290.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 287", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Adolf. <em>The Work of Rembrandt Reproduced in Over Five Hundred Illustrations.</em> New York, NY: Brentano's, 1913.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bangel, Rud. \"Die Kunst suf dem Internationalen Markt II\" <em>Der Cicerone: Halbmonatsschrift fu\u0308r die Interessen des Kunstforschers und Sammlers </em>VI (1914): 44-51.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Errera, Isabelle.<em> Re\u0301pertoire des peintures date\u0301es, par Isabella Errera. </em>Bruxelles, Belgium: G. van Oest &amp; cie, 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210, vol. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meldrum, David Storrar. <em>Rembrandt's Paintings, With an Essay on His Life and Work</em>. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd, 1923.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190, pl. CLX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold. <em>Rembrandt Paintings in America.</em> New York, NY: S.W. Frankel, 1931.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bredius, Abraham. <em>The Paintings of Rembrandt.</em> Vienna, Austria: Phaidon-Verlag, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, no. 350", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91-92, no. 229; Reproduced: pl. XLIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>ARTnews </em>34 (June 13, 1936): 6-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [18], Plate VI, cat. no. 12; Mentioned: p. 27, cat. no. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n31"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"\"Paintings in the Prentiss Bequest.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XXXI, </em>no. 6 (June 1944): 87-89.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n30"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. <em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. no. 1, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Comstock, H. \"Prentiss Collection.\" <em>The Connoisseur </em>115 (March 1945): 43.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Rembrandt's 'Portrait of a Young Student.'\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>37, no. 9 (November 1950): 191-193.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 193", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141663"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 448", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n82"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. S<em>tyle, Truth, and the Portrait</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gimpel, Rene\u0301. Journal d'un collectionneur, marchand de tableaux. [Paris]: Calmann-Le\u0301vy, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 236", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. <em>Style, Truth, and the Portrait</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bauch, Kurt. <em>Rembrandt Gema\u0308lde.</em> Berlin, Germany: W. de Gruyter, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no, 485, Listed: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n147"}, {"citation": "Gerson, H., and Gary Schwartz. <em>Rembrandt Paintings</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Reynal &amp; Co, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 294-295, and 495", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bredius, Abraham and H. Gerson. <em>The Complete Edition of the Paintings [of] Rembrandt.</em> London, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>L'opera pittorica completa di Rembrandt.</em> Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n147"}, {"citation": "<em>Rembrandt After Three Hundred Years: A Symposium, Rembrandt and His Followers.</em> Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34-35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bruyn, J., Ernst van de Wetering, C. J. van Nes, and Murray Pearson. <em>A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings.</em> The Hague, Netherlands: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 661-667", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Painting, Part Three.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 256-258; Reproduced: p. 257", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levey, Santina M. <em>Lace: A History</em>. London, United Kingdom: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schwartz, Gary.<em> Rembrandt: zijn leven, zijn schilderijen : een nieuwe biografie met alle beschikbare schilderijen in klur afgebeeld</em>. Maarssen, Netherlands: Uitgeverij Gary Schwartz, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schwartz, Gary. <em>Rembrandt: His Life, His Paintings</em>, New York, N.Y: Viking, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C. A <em>Guide to Dutch Art in America.</em> Washington, D.C.: Netherlands-American Amity Trust, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guillaud, Jacqueline, and Maurice Guillaud. <em>Rembrandt, the Human Form and Spirit.</em>. Paris, France: Guillaud Editions, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 292, fig. 345", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Rembrandt: Portrait of a Man in a Broad-brimmed Hat, Portrait of a Woman</em> = Renburanto : fu\u0304fu no sho\u0304zo\u0304. Chiba-ken Sakura-shi: Kawamura Kinen Bijutsukan, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 3, 6, 8, 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Renburanto: kare to shi to deshitachi ten</em>. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyo Shinbun, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31, cat. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Van Thiel, P. J. J. \"De Rembrandt-tentoonstelling Van 1898.\" <em>Bulletin Van Het Rijksmuseum</em> 40, no. 1 (1992): 11-93.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tu\u0308mpel, Christian, Astrid Tu\u0308mpel, Ivan Gaskell, and Christian Tu\u0308mpel. <em>Rembrandt: All Paintings in Colour.</em> Antwerp, Belgium: Fonds Mercator, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>20 Stories</em>: Kawamura Kinen Bijutsukan gaidobukku. Chiba-ken Sakura-shi: Kawamura Kinen Bijutsukan, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giltaij,Jeroen and Shinji Hata. <em>Rembrandt Rembrandt</em>. Hakko\u0304, Japan: Shiboruto zaidan, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 92-93; Reproduced: p. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bleker, E. J.,and A. A. H. Bleker-Poot. <em>Rembrandt en de Blekerfamilie. </em>Lochem, Netherlands: Silverborgh B.V., 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107, vol. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bleker, E. J.,and A. A. H. Bleker-Poot. <em>Rembrandt en de Blekerfamilie. </em>Lochem, Netherlands: Silverborgh B.V., 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 335, vol 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kawamura Kinen Bijutsukan. <em>Kawamura Memorial Museum of Art</em>. Tokyo: DIC Corporation, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 18, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yoder, Dean. \"Mapping Rembrandt.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 2 (March/April 2012): 4-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-02/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Ribbens, Arjen. \"De Kunstdetective Twijfelt Niet: 'Dit is Maria van Aelst,'\" <em>NRC Handelsblad </em>(January 16, 2020).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2020/01/16/de-kunstdetective-twijfelt-niet-dit-is-maria-van-aelst-a3986982"}, {"citation": "Giltaij, Jeroen, and Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. Het grote Rembrandt boek: alle 684 schilderijen. Zwolle : WBOOKS, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 246, no. 384", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.90", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "900", "filesize": "146308", "filename": "1944.90_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_print.jpg", "width": "2789", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1504189", "filename": "1944.90_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_full.tif", "width": "5738", "height": "6995", "filesize": "120451340", "filename": "1944.90_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "195713"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2237083"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7743", "height": "5807", "filesize": "134927656"}, "date_created": "2015-04-06T15:14:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "786", "height": "900", "filesize": "213787"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2969", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2962828"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5385", "height": "6166", "filesize": "99640152"}, "date_created": "2014-05-19T14:11:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "797", "height": "900", "filesize": "225709"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3010", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1407904"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6777", "filesize": "122015696"}, "date_created": "2014-05-19T11:26:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "760", "height": "900", "filesize": "337232"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2872", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2950794"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7104", "filesize": "127904992"}, "date_created": "2013-07-16T09:20:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "737931"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "6548363"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99891328"}, "date_created": "2011-05-06T16:47:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "157406"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "1283271"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99889132"}, "date_created": "2011-05-06T16:47:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "737", "height": "893", "filesize": "396200"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2806", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1986067"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.90/1944.90_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3859", "height": "4676", "filesize": "54164980"}, "date_created": "2007-01-22T20:06:07", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 124089, "creators": [{"id": 2520, "description": "Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1606", "death_year": "1669", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 61762, "description": "Studio", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1630, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1635 or earlier", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The oak panel is in remarkably good condition without any planar distortions. The top, bottom, and side edges on the reverse of the panel have been chamfered, but not along the curved portion, indicating that the panel was originally a rectangular format, a conclusion that has not been questioned to date. <br><br>The panel was prepared by first applying a thin, continuous layer of chalk ground (identified as calcium carbonate) to lightly fill the wood grain of the panel. This initial chalk ground was then covered with a warm yellow-brown color of thin priming or primuesel layer composed of a mixture of lead white, chalk, and earth pigments, bound in oil. Layers of paint were then built up in a manner similar to other paintings on wood panel by Rembrandt from this period. After the priming layer was laid down, translucent dark brown washes were first applied to work out the general forms of the portrait. Next, a neutral, grayish-green monochromatic paint, sometimes referred to as dead coloring, was thinly applied as a base for the successive build up for the more textured and opaque layers of the sitter\u2019s face. Areas of shadow in the face, under the lips, around the nose, under the eyebrows, and along the proper left side of the face were intentionally left in reserve by Rembrandt to preserve a rich translucency that he would exploit in the final stages of painting. The X-radiograph reveals Rembrandt's use of lead white to build up impasto. More thickly applied areas of lead white block more X-rays, appearing lighter.<br><br>Subtle glazes in the sitter\u2019s face were abraded from an early varnish removal before entering the collection. Past restoration attempts to correct these damages in the uppermost paint layers were not successful. Therefore, in 2013, an in-depth conservation treatment was designed to address passages where glazes had been stripped away. Inpainting was carried out in a systematic manner, rebuilding the paint layers and glazes in the order that the artist would have applied them. One of the key strategies behind the recent inpainting was to preserve the artist\u2019s intended use of the warm underlayer that was left in reserve for rich shadows and soft transitions.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Lady"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:57.210000"}, {"id": 136510, "accession_number": "1960.81", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Water Lilies (Agapanthus), c. 1915\u201326. Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926). Oil on canvas; framed: 204.9 x 430.3 x 6 cm (80 11/16 x 169 7/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 201.3 x 425.6 cm (79 1/4 x 167 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund and an anonymous gift, 1960.81", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Water Lilies (Agapanthus)", "creation_date": "c. 1915\u201326", "creation_date_earliest": 1915, "creation_date_latest": 1926, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 19th century-early 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 204.9 x 430.3 x 6 cm (80 11/16 x 169 7/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 201.3 x 425.6 cm (79 1/4 x 167 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.049, "height_inch": 80, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 4.303, "width_inch": 169, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 2.013, "height_inch": 79, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 4.256, "width_inch": 167, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Estate stamp lower left: Claude Monet\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "<i>Paths of Abstract Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300904, "title": "Fifty Years of Modern Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of Modern Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 15-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301375, "title": "Color and Field, 1890 - 1970", "description": "<i>Color and Field, 1890 - 1970</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (September 15-November 1, 1970); Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH (November 20, 1970-January 10, 1971); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 3-March 14, 1971).", "opening_date": "1970-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 343654, "title": "Monet's Years at Giverny: Beyond Impressionism", "description": "<i>Monet's Years at Giverny: Beyond Impressionism</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 22-July 9, 1978); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (co-organizer) (August 1-October 8, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-04-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304401, "title": "The Monet Triptych: Water Lilies", "description": "<i>The Monet Triptych: Water Lilies</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 5-June 15, 1979); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 18, 1979-February 17, 1980); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (co-organizer) (April 1-September 1, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-04-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 208590, "title": "Monet in Normandy", "description": "<i>Monet in Normandy</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 18-May 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-06-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 214130, "title": "Monet's Water Lilies", "description": "<i>Monet's Water Lilies</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (April 9-August 7, 2011); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (October 2, 2011-January 22, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 201332, "title": "Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse", "description": "<i>Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 6, 2015-January 5, 2016); Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 30-April 20, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 438645, "title": "Monet / Mitchell", "description": "<i>Monet / Mitchell</i>. Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris, France (organizer) (October 5, 2022-February 27, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 662787, "title": "Monet in Focus", "description": "<i>Monet in Focus</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 31-August 11, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-10-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Claude Monet.</em> City Art Museum of St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, MN (1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Essence of Nations</em>. Valley House Gallery, Dallas, TX (November 1\u201314, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-11-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Estate of the artist.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Michel Monet, Giverny, through 1950 (according to Connaissance des arts 1966).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Katia Granoff, Paris. Bought from her by Knoedler & Co. (stock number a 6420), July 1956.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1960-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Water lilies were a recurring theme in Monet's work; he painted around 250 water lily compositions.", "description": "A skilled horticulturalist as well as an artist, Claude Monet spent the last 30 years of his life painting the private garden he designed and helped cultivate at his home in Giverny in northern France. The resultant canvases are notable for their varied motifs, formats, and sizes. Monumental in scale, this rendering of his water lily pond focuses on the momentary effects of sunlight as it both penetrates and reflects off its shimmering surface. By zeroing in on the water and omitting its horizon and surrounding banks, Monet infers a limitless expanse\u2014a perception amplified by the painting\u2019s vast horizontal format that fills the viewer\u2019s field of vision.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465880"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.81-water-lilies-agapant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "City Art Museum of St. Louis. <em>Claude Monet, a Loan Exhibition</em>. 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sloane, J. C. \"The Art of Impressionism: From Romanticism to Avant-Garde.\" In <em>Romantic Art</em>. Hilton Kramer, ed. New York: Art Digest, Inc, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spaeth, Eloise. <em>American Art Museums and Galleries: An Introduction to Looking</em>. New York, NY: Harper &amp; Brothers, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XLVII</em>. Cleveland: [The Museum] 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 253; No. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Claude Monet-- Water Lilies.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>47 (October 1960): 192-198.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 192-193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, E. B. \"Cleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Gaston.\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>78 (December 1963): 481-488.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 484-485", "url": null}, {"citation": "Forge, Andrew. <em>French Impressionists. </em>London United Kingdom: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n221"}, {"citation": "\"Waterlilies.\" <em>Art in America: An Illustrated Magazine </em>54 (March 1966): 32.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \"Les Chefs-d'oeuvre de Premiere Importance du Second Musee des Etats-Unis.\" <em>Connaissance des Arts</em> 172 (June 1966): 54-63.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Forest and the Trees and Chinese Painting.\" <em>National Palace Museum Quarterly </em>\u6545\u5bae\u9031\u520a 1, no. 2 (October 1966): 1\u201314.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. 1-A", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n221"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Color and Field.\" <em>Art International </em>15 (May 1971): 46-50.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rouart, Denis, Jean Dominique Rey, Robert Maillard. <em>Monet, nymphe\u0301as; ou</em>, <em>Les miroirs du temps</em>. Paris, France: F. Hazan, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. Claude Monet: Biographie et Catalogue Raisonne\u0301. Lausanne: La Bibliothe\u0300que des arts, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: vol. 4, p. 316-322, no. 1975", "url": null}, {"citation": "House, John. <em>Monet</em>. London, United Kingdom: Oxford, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 47, Mentioned: p. 12-13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bell, Clive. <em>The French Impressionists</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Fig. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isaacson, Joel. <em>Claude Monet, Observation and Reflection</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moffett, Charles S. <em>Monet's Water Lilies</em>. Mount Vernon, NY: Artist's Ltd. Edition, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 220", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n240"}, {"citation": "Monet, Claude. <em>Monet's Years at Giverny: Beyond Impressionism</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 76, Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gordon, Robert, and Charles F. Stuckey. \"Blossoms and Blunders: Monet and the State.\" <em>Art in America: An Illustrated Magazine </em>67 (January 1979): 102-117.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stuckey, Charles F. \"Blossoms and Blunders: Monet and the State; II.\" <em>Art in America</em> 67 (May 1979): 109-125.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelder, Diane. <em>The Great Book of French Impressionism</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221-222", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXVII</em>. Cleveland: [The Museum] 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187; Mentioned: p. 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Failing, Patricia. \"The Case of the Dismembered Masterpieces.\" <em>ARTnews </em>79 (September 1980): 66-78.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76-77", "url": null}, {"citation": "House, John. <em>Monet</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: No. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cowart, Jack. \"Impressionist and Post-impressionist Paintings.\" <em>Bulletin (St. Louis Art Museum)</em> 16, no. 2 (1982): 1-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \"The Rembrandt and Monet of Marcel Proust.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXX, </em>no. 2 (February, 1983):73-95.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Peters, Mike, and Marilyn Jarvis. <em>The World of Cartooning: How Caricatures Develop</em>. Dayton, OH: Landfall Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larson, Dean M. <em>Studying with the Masters: Lessons from Rubens, Vela\u0301zquez, Turner, Degas, Monet, Sargent, Matisse</em>. New York, NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 97, no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stuckey, Charles F. <em>Waterlilies</em>. New York, NY: H.L. Levin Associates, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Belinda, and Michael Howard. <em>Impressionism</em>. London, United Kingdom: Bison Books, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124-125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sagner-Du\u0308chting, Karin. <em>Claude Monet, 1840-1926: ein Fest fu\u0308r die Augen</em>. Ko\u0308ln,Germany: Benedikt Taschen Verlag, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strickland, Carol, and John Boswell. <em>The Annotated Mona Lisa: A Crash Course in Art History from Prehistoric to Post-Modern</em>. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West.</em> New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 166-167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogu</em>e. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1993 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (1994): 143-218.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 177", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Pelfrey, Robert H. <em>Art and Mass Media.</em> Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169, fig. 7,8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. <em>Monet</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Taschen, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 436", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sagner-Duchting, Karin. <em>Claude Monet, 1840-1926: A Feast for the Eyes</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Benedikt Taschen, 1998.", "page_number": "Reporduced: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). <em>Maestros del impresionismo</em>. Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland, OH:The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. <em>Monet, or, The Triumph of Impressionism</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Taschen,1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 436-437.", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56-57, no. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather, Lynn Federle Orr, and David H. Steel. <em>Monet in Normandy</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather, \"FILL THIS\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 02, February 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-02/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Rey, Jean Dominique, and Denis Rouart. <em>Monet, Water Lilies: The Complete</em> <em>Series</em>. Paris, France: Flammarion, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302-303", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 298", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dumas, Ann, William H. Robinson, Clare A. P. Willsdon, Monty Don, James Priest, and Heather Lemonedes. <em>Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse</em>. London, United Kingdom : Royal Academy of Arts, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 290", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumas, Ann, William H. Robinson, Clare A. P. Willsdon, Monty Don, James Priest, Heather Lemonedes, and Lucy I. Zimmerman.<em> Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2015.", "page_number": "290, cat no. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William. \u201cEasels in Eden: Renowned garden historian Eric Haskell is the keynote speaker at the opening for <em>Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to </em>Matisse.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 4 (July/August): 10-11.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10; Mentioned: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-04"}, {"citation": "The Burlington Magazine. \"Exhibitions: Paintiing in the Modern Garden.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>158, no. 1357 (April 2016): 300-301.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. \"The Invisible Man: William Robinson.\" <em>CAN Journal </em>(Spring 2017): 80-83.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Amiot-Saulnier, Emmanuelle. \"Le Jardin de Monet a Matisse.\" <em>L'Estampille, l'objet d'art</em> 521, (Mar. 2016): 28-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Simon. \"\"My Four Best Series\": Monet's Panorama at the Hotel Biron.\" In <em>Monet: the Late Years.</em> Shackelford, George T. M., ed., 46-61. Fort Worth, Texas: Kimbell Art Museum; San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, New Haven; London: Distributed by Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 48-49,50, 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M. <em>Monet: the Late Years. </em>Fort Worth, Texas: Kimbell Art Museum; San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, New Haven; London: Distributed by Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldin, Marco. <em>Il Giardino e la Luna: Arte dell'Ottocento dal Romanticismo all'Impressionismo. </em>Milano: La nave di Teseo, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 508-509", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Page\u0301, Suzanne, Angeline Scherf, and Marianne Mathieu. <em>Claude Monet, Joan Mitchell.</em> Paris: Fondation Louis Vuitton; [Paris]: Muse\u0301e Marmottan Monet, Acade\u0301mie des beaux-arts; Vanves: Hazan, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cat. no. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Simon. \"A Dialogue with Monet: Mitchell's Years in Vetheuil.\" In <em>Monet/Mitchell: Painting the French Landscape, </em>edited by Simon Kelly, 13-68. St. Louis, Missouri: Saint Louis Art Museum; Munich, Germany: Hirmer Verlag GmbH, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27; reproduced: p. 31, fig. 12", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.81", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "419", "filesize": "134866", "filename": "1960.81_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1581", "filesize": "1728905", "filename": "1960.81_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_full.tif", "width": "6388", "height": "2970", "filesize": "56943340", "filename": "1960.81_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "444", "filesize": "135050"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1677", "filesize": "1763259"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt0_full.tif", "width": "15356", "height": "7576", "filesize": "349039268"}, "date_created": "2015-05-04T11:47:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "687", "filesize": "257258"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2594", "filesize": "3803003"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6477", "height": "4941", "filesize": "96035612"}, "date_created": "2011-02-28T15:52:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "687", "filesize": "329605"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2594", "filesize": "8452393"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6477", "height": "4941", "filesize": "96038376"}, "date_created": "2011-02-28T15:52:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "593", "filesize": "574711"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1596", "filesize": "4366487"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6172", "height": "2897", "filesize": "53671228"}, "date_created": "2009-07-01T15:14:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "608", "filesize": "639185"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1638", "filesize": "4885519"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6227", "height": "3000", "filesize": "56055796"}, "date_created": "2004-09-21T17:46:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "434", "filesize": "170216"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1638", "filesize": "4771145"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.81/1960.81_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6227", "height": "3000", "filesize": "56067180"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund and an anonymous gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 136510, "creators": [{"id": 1844, "description": "Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Claude Monet spent his youth in Le Havre in Normandy, where his father worked as a wholesale grocer. By the age of sixteen, he had exhibited some of his caricatures in an art supply store, leading to his acquaintance with Boudin (q.v.). It was Boudin who first encouraged him to paint out of doors. In 1859 Monet traveled to Paris, where he saw Boudin's salon debut and met Constant Troyon (1810-1865). A year later he joined the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse, where he was introduced to Pissarro (q.v.), but his studies were interrupted in 1861 when he was drafted for a seven-year stint in the military. His family would pay for his release from military duties only if he gave up painting. Finding this unacceptable, Monet served for one year in Algeria before an early return to France to convalesce after a severe illness. In 1862 he met Jongkind (q.v.), another important influence on the young painter's development. Monet's father then allowed him to pursue his art career in Paris, where he entered the studio of the Swiss painter Charles Gleyre (1806-1874). He studied with Gleyre until 1864 and befriended Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Renoir (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.), with whom he painted in the forest of Fontainebleau (D\u00e9jeuner sur l'herbe, 1865, two fragments in Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). Monet first exhibited at the Salon of 1865 and would do so again in 1866, 1868, and 1880. In 1868 he shared a studio with Bazille and Renoir but was soon forced to leave Paris to escape his creditors. He took his mistress, Camille Doncieux, and their son, Jean, to F\u00e9camp, then \u00c9tretat, and finally Saint-Michel. There Renoir provided hospitality, and the two also painted at the boating and bathing center of La Grenouill\u00e8re on the Seine. In 1870 Monet married Camille and, to escape the Franco-Prussian War, left for London, where he remained for nine months and met Durand-Ruel, his first dealer. In the summer of 1871 he visited the Netherlands and then settled in Argenteuil, to the west of Paris. He converted a boat into a studio, as Daubigny (q.v.) had done before him, allowing him to explore different viewpoints for his landscapes. He assisted in the organization of the First Impressionist Exhibition in 1874, partly because Durand-Ruel's worsened business situation had prevented the dealer from buying his art. The following year he participated in the H\u00f4tel Drouot sale with Morisot (q.v.), Renoir, and Sisley. In 1878 Monet and his wife moved to V\u00e9theuil with the Hosched\u00e9s, who had previously commissioned some works. Camille died the following year, and, while Ernest Hosched\u00e9 spent most of his time in Paris trying to settle his precarious financial situation, Monet stayed behind with Ernest's wife, Alice. In 1881 he moved with her and her children to Poissy and within two years was living at Giverny, where he would remain for the rest of his life. He painted some of his famous scenes-the haystack and poplar series, for example- in 1890-91. Ernest Hosched\u00e9 died in 1891, and Monet married Alice the following year. At Giverny, Monet explored the themes of his garden and water lilies. He continued to travel, going to Norway in 1895, making three trips to London from 1899 through 1901, and taking Alice to Venice in 1908. The final years of his life were mainly spent working on his Great Decorations, large paintings of a water lily pond designed for two oval rooms at the Paris Orangerie. Monet is generally considered the most typical exponent of impressionism.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1926", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-04-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1915, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1915\u201326", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.921000"}, {"id": 155783, "accession_number": "1991.110", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Power of Music, 1847. William Sidney Mount (American, 1807\u20131868). Oil on canvas; framed: 67 x 78 x 7.5 cm (26 3/8 x 30 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 43.4 x 53.5 cm (17 1/16 x 21 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1991.110", "current_location": "207 American Realism", "title": "The Power of Music", "creation_date": "1847", "creation_date_earliest": 1847, "creation_date_latest": 1847, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 67 x 78 x 7.5 cm (26 3/8 x 30 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 43.4 x 53.5 cm (17 1/16 x 21 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.67, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.78, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.434, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.535, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  Wm S. MOUNT. / 1847", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 218308, "title": "William Sidney Mount:  American Genre Painter", "description": "<i>William Sidney Mount:  American Genre Painter</i>. New-York Historical Society (August 14-October 25, 1998); Frick Art Museum, Pittsburgh, PA (November 20, 1998-January 10, 1999); Amon Carter Museum (February 5-April 4, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-08-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206205, "title": "American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life 1765-1915", "description": "<i>American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life 1765-1915</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 5, 2009-January 24, 2010); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (February 28-May 23, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-05T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Force of Music.</em> National Academy, Annual Exhibition, New York, NY (1847).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>The Washington Exhibition in Aid of the New York Gallery of the Fine Arts</em>. Art Union Gallery, New York, NY (1853).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in the Picture Gallery of the Crystal Palace</em>. Crystal Palace, New York, NY (1853).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Metropolitan Fair</em>. U.S. Sanitary Commission. New York, NY (1864).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>World's Columbian Exposition: Retrospective Exhibit of American Painting</em>. The Art Palace, Chicago, IL (1893).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Centennial Exhibition 1825 - 1925</em>. National Academy of Design, New York, NY (April 1-April 24, 1925); Corcoran Gallery, Washington DC (October 17, 1925 - November 15, 1925); Grand Central Art Galleries, Inc., New York, NY (December 1, 1925-January 3, 1926).", "opening_date": "1925-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Genre: The Social</em> <em>Scene in Painting and Prints</em>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (March - April 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Life in America.</em> Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Drawings and Paintings by William Sidney Mount 1807 - 1868</em>. Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, NY (January - March 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Sketches, Manuscripts, Memorabilia</em> (of the Mount Family). Suffolk Museum at Stony Brook, Long Island, NY (1947).", "opening_date": "1947-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em> American Classics of the Nineteenth Century.</em> Carnegie Institute of Art, Pittsburgh, PA (October - December 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Hundred Years Ago</em>. American Federation of the Arts, New York, NY (November 1958 - November 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Portrayal of the Negro in American Painting</em>. Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, ME (1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Twice as Natural: 19th Century American Genre</em>. Finch College Art Museum, New York, NY (1974)..", "opening_date": "1974-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Selected Acquisitions</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 28 - April 26 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-04-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1991-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(James H. Maroney, Jr., Leicester, VT, and Christie's, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1990-1991", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Century Association, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Board of Management meeting minutes from January 8, 1881 confirm that the Century Association purchased the painting in 1880 for $500.&nbsp; Because there are no extant financial records or sales receipts from that time period in the Century Association's archives, the identity of the seller is not recorded.&nbsp; However, it can reasonably be assumed that it was Gideon Lee, Jr., as he was a member of the club and no additional names have been associated with this provenance.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1880-1990", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Gideon Lee, Jr. [1824-1894], Carmel, NY?", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1870-1880", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Gideon Lee [d. 1870], Geneva, NY, probably by descent to her stepson, Gideon Lee, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->After Charles Leupp's death in 1859, the painting was returned to Mrs. Lee.</div>"], "date": "1859-1870", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Charles M. Leupp [1807-1859], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The circumstances surrounding Leupp's acquisition of this painting, as well as its return to Mrs. Lee, his mother-in-law, after his death are unclear.&nbsp; Leupp,a founder of The Century Association, greatly admired the painting; Mount recalled that in the spring of 1847 Leupp \"stood a long time looking at it until I began to think I had made a failure and observed to him, \u2018If you think this picture will not suit Mrs. Lee, I will paint her another with pleasure.\u2019 \u2018Why man,\u2019 he said, \u2018I only wish the picture belonged to me.\u2019\u201d&nbsp; By at least 1856, the painting did go to Leupp; in that year <em>The Crayon</em> listed it as part of his collection.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "-1859", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Laura (Mrs. Gideon) Lee [1800-1870], Geneva, NY, to her son-in-law, Charles M. Leupp", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Although the painting was ostensibly commissioned by Laura Lee, wife of Gideon Lee, a former mayor of New York City, Leupp, her son-in-law, seems to have controlled the commission.</div>"], "date": "1847-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Mount was an accomplished fiddle player and even patented a new design for the instrument.", "description": "Set in rural Long Island before the Civil War, Mount's complex painting presents an African American laborer listening intently to a fiddle tune enjoyed by white men. While a love of music unites the figures in a bond of shared humanity, the two races occupy different spaces--one inside, one outside, both separated by a barn door--effectively symbolizing the pronounced divisions in America at the time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16708949"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.110-the-power-of-music"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Board of Management Minutes, Jan. 8, 1881, Century Association Archives, New York, NY.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bruce Robertson, \u201c\u2019The Power of Music\u2019: A Painting by William Sidney Mount,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79.2 (Feb. 1992): 38-62.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bruce Robertson, \u201c\u2019The Power of Music\u2019: A Painting by William Sidney Mount,\u201d T<em>he Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79.2 (Feb. 1992): 38-62.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fagg, John. <em>Re-Envisioning the Everyday: American Genre Scenes, 1905-1945.</em> 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 145-46; reproduced p. 146.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stebbins, Theodore E., Jr. <em>Rethinking American Art: Collectors, Critics, and the Changing Canon</em>. (Boston: Godine, 2025).", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 83-84.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Clubs and Societies.\" <em>The American Art Review</em>. Vol.2. First Division. Boston: Dana Estes and Charles E. Lauriat, 1881.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.40", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20559754"}, {"citation": "The Department of Fine Arts, Chicago.<em> World's Columbian Exposition: Revised Catalogue</em>. Exh. Cat. Chicago, IL: W.B. Conkey Co.,1893.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitenkampf, Frank. \"American Life in American Art.\" <em>The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine</em> 79 (November 1920-April 1921). New York, NY: Scribner &amp; Co.; The Century Co, 1920.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.159; Reproduced: p.158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Mount Homestead Famous Landmark.\"<em> New York Times</em>, December 25, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mather, Frank Jewett, Charles Rufus Morey, and W. J. Henderson. <em>The American Spirit in Art</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1927", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40, no. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isham, Samuel, Royal Cortissoz, and Henry Meier. <em>The History of American Painting</em>. New York, NY: Macmillan Co, 1927.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.206", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burroughs, Alan. <em>Limners and Likenesses; Three Centuries of American Painting</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "American Federation of Arts.<em> Magazine of Art Index</em> 32, nos.1-2 (January-December 1939). Washington, D.C.: American Federation of Arts, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.330", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <em>Life in America: A Special Loan Exhibition of Paintings Held During the Period of the New York World's Fair.</em> Exh. Cat. New York, NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.79-80, no.110 (as \"Music Hath Charms\"); Reproduced: p.80", "url": "libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/138674"}, {"citation": "Locke, Alain. <em>The Negro in Art; A Pictorial Record of the Negro Artist and of the Negro Theme in Art</em>. Washington, D.C.: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.162 (as \"Music Hath Charms\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of Drawings and Paintings by William Sidney Mount 1807-1868</em>. Exh. Cat. New York, NY: Brooklyn Museum, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cowdrey, Mary Bartlett, and Hermann Warner Williams. <em>William Sidney Mount, 1807-1868, an American Painter</em>. New York, NY: Pub. for the Metropolitan Museum of Art by Columbia University Press, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.21-22; Reproduced: fig.40", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Met Spurs Interest in Mount.\" <em>New York World-Telegram</em>, February 3, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"William Sidney Mount: Painter Made Long Island His Italy.\"<em> Life Magazine</em>, July 25, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. \"The Study of Nineteenth-Century Art.\" <em>Art in America</em> 33, no.4 (October 1945).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.223", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Suffolk Museum. <em>The Mount Brothers. A Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Sketches, Manuscripts, Memorabilia, Henry Smith Mount, A.N.A., 1802-1841, Shepard Alonzo Mount, N.A., 1804-1868, William Sidney Mount, N.A., 1807-1868.</em> August 23 to September 28, 1947, the Suffolk Museum at Stony Brook, Long Island, New York. [Stony Brook], Long Island, NY: The Museum, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Larkin, Oliver W. <em>The University Prints, Student Series H: American Art [Painting and Sculpture]</em>. Winchester, MA: University Prints, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. H 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carnegie Institute. <em>American Classics of the Nineteenth Century</em>. Exh. Cat. The Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA: The Carnegie Institute, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.16 (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larkin, Oliver W. <em>Art and Life in America</em>. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.217", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pierson Jr., William H., and Martha Davidson, eds.<em> Arts of the United States: A Pictorial Survey</em>. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.318", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. <em>That Wilder Image: The Painting of America's Native School from Thomas Cole to Winslow Homer</em>. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.32; Reproduced: p.33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, E. P. <em>A Short History of Painting in America; The Story of 450 Years</em>. New York, NY: Crowell, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.134 (as \"Music Hath Charms\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bowdoin College.<em> The Portrayal of the Negro in American Painting.</em> Exh. Cat. Brunswick, MA: Bowdoin College Museum of Art, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Green, Samuel M. <em>American Art, a Historical Survey</em>. New York, NY: Ronald Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.270-271", "url": null}, {"citation": "McLanathan, Richard B. K. <em>The American Tradition in the Arts</em>. New York, NY: Harcourt, Brace &amp; World, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.311-312; Reproduced: p.311", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. <em>American Painting of the Nineteenth Century: Realism, Idealism, and the American Experience</em>. New York, NY: Praeger, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106; Mentioned: p. 107-108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prown, Jules David, and Barbara Rose. <em>American Painting: From Its Beginnings to the Armory Show</em>. Geneva, Switzerland: Skira, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.82-83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynes, Russell. <em>The Art-Makers of Nineteenth-Century America</em>. New York, NY: Atheneum, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.240 (as \"Music Hath Charms\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flexner, James Thomas. \"Fitz Hugh Lane is the hero, <em>American Painting of the Nineteenth Century</em>: Review.\" <em>New York Times</em>, Jan 25, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.244", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davidson, Marshall B. <em>The American Heritage History of the Writers' America</em>. New York, NY: American Heritage Pub. Co, 1973", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davidson, Marshall B. <em>The American Heritage History of the Artists' America</em>. New York, NY: American Heritage Publishing Co., 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Finch College, and Robert H. Luck.<em> Twice As Natural: 19th Century American Genre Painting.</em> Exh. Cat. New York, NY: Finch College Museum of Art, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hills, Patricia. <em>The Painters' America: Rural and Urban Life, 1810-1910</em>. New York, New York: Praeger, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.26; Reproduced: p.28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parry, Ellwood. <em>The Image of the Indian and the Black Man in American Art, 1590-1900</em>. New York, NY: G. Braziller, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankenstein, Alfred V. and Alan Buechner. <em>William Sidney Mount</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Adams, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.30,49,118,152,153,157,(as \"force of music\"),160,236, 249, 379, 471; Reproduced: p.159, no.56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Karen M. \"The Black Image in the Paintings of William Sidney Mount.\" <em>The American Art Journal</em> 7, No.2 (November 1975): 42-59.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.49; Reproduced: p.50", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1593998"}, {"citation": "Taylor, Joshua C. <em>America As Art</em>. Washington D.C: Published for the National Collection of Fine Arts by the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Milton W. <em>American Art to 1900: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.345 (as \"Music Hath Charms\"); Reproduced: p.346 (as \"Music Hath Charms\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Callow, James T. \"American art in the collection of Charles M. Leupp.\" <em>Antiques</em> 118 (November 1980).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.1003; Reproduced: frontispiece and p.1002", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chirico, Robert. F. \"Some Reflections on Sound and Silence in the Visual Arts.\" <em>Arts Magazine</em> 56, no.8 (April 1982):101-105.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.102-103, 105; Reproduced: p.102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cassedy, David C., Gail Shrott, and Janice Gray Armstrong. <em>William Sidney Mount, Annotated Bibliography and Listings of Archival Holdings of the Museums at Stony Brook</em>. Stony Brook, NY: The Museums, 1983", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.28, 65-67; Reproduced: p.67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martha V. Pike. \"Catching the Tune: Music and William Sidney Mount.\" In <em>Catching the Tune: Music and William Sidney Mount</em>, edited by Janice Gray Armstrong. Stony Brook, NY: The Museums at Stony Brook, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.11-12; Reproduced: p.14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Jessie Carney. <em>Images of Blacks in American Culture: A Reference Guide to Information Sources</em>. New York, NY: Greenwood Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "McElroy, Guy C., Henry Louis Gates, and Christopher C. French. <em>Facing History: The Black Image in American Art, 1710-1940</em>. San Francisco, CA: Bedford Arts, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boime, Albert. <em>The Art of Exclusion: Representing Blacks in the Nineteenth Century</em>. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.92-93; Reproduced: p.91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glueck, Grace. \"The Century Club's Hard Decision to Raise Cash by Selling a Painting.\"<em> The New York Times</em>, October 20, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berry, Wendell. <em>Outstanding in the Field: A Catalogue of American Paintings for the Nineties, Hard Times Call for Hard Choices, Plus Some Food for Thought ... an Essay Entitled The Pleasures of Eating, by Wendell Berry</em>. Leicester, VT: James Maroney, Inc, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.11-13; Reproduced: p.11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johns, Elizabeth. <em>American Genre Painting: The Politics of Everyday Life</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.119-123; Reproduced: pl.14", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Century Association. 1991. <em>The Century Yearbook. </em>New York: The Century Association.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vogel, Carol. \"The Art Market: Painting sold for Century's renovation.\" <em>The New York Times</em>, November 29, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.C30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cullinan, Helen. \"Art museum pays $4 million for 'Music.'\" <em>The Plain Dealer</em>, November 30, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. \"The Power of Music: A Painting by William Sydney Mount.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art </em>79, no. 2 (February 1992): 38-62.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.38-62; Reproduced: p.38", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161349"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Selected 1991 Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 2 (1992): 63-83.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64-65, 76", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161350"}, {"citation": "Bruce Robertson, \u201c\u2019The Power of Music\u2019: A Painting by William Sidney Mount,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79.2 (Feb. 1992): 38-62.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.38-62; Reproduced: front cover and p.38", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25161347"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. \"Exhibitions: Selected Acquisitions.\" <em>News &amp; Calendar</em> (Feb.1992).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.3 (unpaginated mailer)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Gazette des beaux-arts</em> 119, no.134 (March 1992).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Patterson, Jerry E. \"The Grand Acquisitors.\" <em>Town &amp; Country</em> (August 1992).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.109", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moffatt, Frederick C. \"Barnburning and Hunkerism: William Sidney Mount's <em>Power of Music</em>.\" <em>Winterthur Portfolio</em> 29, no.1 (Spring 1994).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.19-42; Reproduced: pp.21, 33", "url": "journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/496642"}, {"citation": "Fred L. Emerson Gallery, and Whitney Museum of American Art at Philip Morris. <em>The Art of Music: American Paintings &amp; Musical Instruments, 1770-1910: An Exhibition</em>. Clinton, N.Y.: The Gallery, Hamilton College, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.46; Reproduced: p.47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gay, Peter. <em>The Naked Heart</em>. The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud. Vol. IV. New York: NY: W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.11-12; Reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christman, Margaret C. S., Alan Fern, and Robert V. Remini.<em> 1846: Portrait of the Nation</em>. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.159; Reproduced: p.163", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Franklin, and Robert Wilson Torchia. <em>American Paintings of the Nineteenth Century</em>. Washington D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.79", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Johnson, Deborah J., William Sidney Mount, and Elizabeth Johns. <em>William Sidney Mount: Painter of American Life</em>. New York, NY: American Federation of Arts, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.61-62; Reproduced: p.60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. \"Who's sitting at the table?: William Sidney Mount's <em>After Dinner</em> 1834.\"<em> The Yale Journal of Criticism</em> 11, no.1 (1998).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.108-109; Reproduced: p.107", "url": ""}, {"citation": "William Reese Company.<em> Illustrated Americana &amp; American Art</em>. New Haven, CT: Wm Reese Co, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: item no.60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davis, John. \"Eastman Johnson's <em>Negro Life at the South</em> and Urban Slavery in Washington D.C.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 80, no.1 (March 1998).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.81; Reproduced: p.82", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3051254"}, {"citation": "Cotter, Holland. \"A Young and Uninnocent America.\" <em>The New York Times</em>, August 14, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Section E, p.36", "url": "nytimes.com/1998/08/14/arts/art-review-a-young-and-uninnocent-america.html"}, {"citation": "Amon Carter Museum. \"Exhibitions. William Sidney Mount: Painter of American Life.\"<em> Amon Carter Museum Program</em> (September 1998-February 1999).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koja, Stephan, and Nicolai Cikovsky. <em>America: The New World in 19th-Century Painting</em>. Munich, Germany: Prestel, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Jane Shoaf. <em>Encyclopedia of American Art Before 1914</em>. New York, NY: Grove's Dictionaries, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.325", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Koja, Stephan, and Nicolai Cikovsky. <em>America, Die Neue Welt in Bildern Des 19. Jahrhunderts</em>. Munich: Prestel, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hitchcock, H. Wiley, and Kyle Gann. <em>Music in the United States: A Historical Introduction</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Voorsanger, Catherine Hoover, and John K. Howat. <em>Art and the Empire City: New York, 1825-1861</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.209; Reproduced: p.208", "url": "books.google.com/books?id=j8dzQHVdv9oC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=true"}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. <em>A Connecticut Place: Weir Farm, an American Painter's Rural Retreat</em>. Wilton, Connecticut: Weir Farm Trust in collaboration with the National Park Service, Weir Farm National Historic Site, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.49-50; Reproduced: p.49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. <em>A Connecticut Place: Weir Farm, an American Painter's Rural Retreat</em>. Wilton, CT: Weir Farm Trust in collaboration with the National Park Service, Weir Farm National Historic Site, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.49", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kleinman, Craig, Nicholas M. Evans, Scott Gac, and David W. Stowe. <em>Special Issue: Noting the Nation: Words and Music in Nineteenth-Century America</em>. ATQ 16, no. 3. Kingston, RI: University of Rhode Island, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.143; Reproduced: front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. <em>Signs of the Artist: Signatures and Self-Expression in American Paintings</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Craven, Wayne.<em> American Art: History and Culture</em>. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.225", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chandler, Neal. <em>Silver Apples of the Moon: Art and Poetry</em>. Shaker Heights, OH: Shaker Heights Public Library, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muther, Richard. <em>The History of Modern Painting</em>. London, UK: J.M. Dent &amp; Co, 1907", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.291", "url": null}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. <em>American Painting of the Nineteenth Century: Realism, Idealism, and the American Experience</em>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.107-108; Reproduced: p.106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davies, Penelope J. E., and H. W. Janson. <em>Janson's History of Art: The Western Tradition</em>. Seventh Edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.837-838; Reproduced: p.837", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McIntosh, DeCourcy E. \"American genre prints in the service of French commerce.\" <em>Antiques</em> 171, no. 4 (April 2007).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.104-105; Reproduced: p.105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Greenhill, Jennifer A. \"The View from Outside: Rockwell and Race in 1950.\"<em> American Art</em> 21, no.2 (Summer 2007).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.73-74; Reproduced: p.73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12. fig. 13, cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yale University, David G. McCullough, Jon Butler, and Helen A. Cooper. <em>Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness: American Art from the Yale University Art Gallery</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery in association with Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.22, 141; Reproduced: p.23", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>48 (May/June 2008). Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gillespie, Sarah Kate. \"The Devil Went Down to Brooklyn: William Moore Davis and the Legend of 'Martense's Lane.'\" <em>Magazine Antiques</em> 174, no.5 (November 2008).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.134-135; Reproduced: p.133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weinberg, Barbara H., and Carrie Rebora Barratt. <em>American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765-1915</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.xiv, 39, 68, 173; Reproduced: pp.xiii, 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burns, Sarah, and John Davis. <em>American Art to 1900: A Documentary History</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.312,316", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weinberg, H. Barbara, and Carrie Rebora Barratt. \"American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life.\" <em>American Art Review</em> 21, no.5 (Sept.-Oct. 2009).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.75; Reproduced: p.72", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765-1915: Artist Kara Walker Discusses 'The Power of Music.'\" Podcast, November 9, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stoodley, Sheila Gibson. \"Narrative Paintings of the 18th and 19th Centuries Show How the Lives of Ordinary Americans Were the Stuff of History.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques Magazine</em> 33, no.1 (January 2010).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.68, 71-73; Reproduced: p.66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazin</em>e. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art (March/April 2010).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.10", "url": "archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-02/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>American Paintings, Drawings &amp; Sculpture</em>. New York: Sotheby's, December 2, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Marter, Joan M. <em>The Grove Encyclopedia of American Art</em>. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.372", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, UK: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 234-235", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galpin, Amy. <em>Behold, America!: Art of the United States from Three San Diego Museums</em>. San Diego, CA: San Diego Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brownlee, Peter John. <em>American Encounters: Genre Painting and Everyday Life</em>. Chicago, IL: Terra Foundation for American Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35, fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bindman, David and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. <em>The Image of the Black in Western Art, Vol. IV: From the American Revolution to World War I, Part 2: Black Models and White Myths</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.73-75; Reproduced: p.73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.234; Reproduced: p.235", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brownlee, Peter John, Sarah Burns, Diane Dillon, Daniel Greene, Scott Manning Stevens, and Adam Goodheart.<em> Home Front: Daily Life in the Civil War North</em>. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.131-134; Reproduced: p.132", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davis, John, Jennifer A. Greenhill, and Jason David LaFountain. <em>A Companion to American Art</em>. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.321, 419", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dini, Jane.<em> Dance: American Art, 1830-1960</em>. Detroit Institute of Arts. New Haven, CT: Distributed by Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.46, 49; Reproduced: p.46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hill, Constance Valis. \"In the Eye of the Beholder: The Black Presence in the Art of American Dance.\" In <em>Dance: American Art, 1830-1960,</em> Jane Dini, ed., 29-49. New Haven; London: Yale University Press. 2016.", "page_number": "Mention, p. 46, 49 Reproduced: p. 46, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tani, Ellen Y., and Amanda Cachia. <em>Second Sight: The Paradox of Vision in Contemporary Art.</em> Brunswick, ME: Bowdoin College Museum of Art; New York, NY: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Inc., 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.26-27; Reproduced: p.27", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCree, J. Woodrow. Washington Irving's Critique of American Culture: Sketching a Vision of World Citizenship. 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154, fig. 6.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. \"American Painting.\" Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, (no date).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: unpaginated brochure", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Exhibition at the National Academy Second Saloon.\" <em>The Literary World</em> no.18 (June 5, ?).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.419", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berlin, Ira, and Leslie M. Harris, eds. <em>Slavery in New York</em>. New York, NY: The New Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.165-166; Reproduced: p.162", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kirkpatrick, Katherine, and Vivian Nicholson-Mueller. <em>The Art of William Sidney Mount: Long Island People of Color on Canvas. </em>Charleston, SC : The History Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 31, 39, 73, 77, 91, 96-97; Reproduced: Plates, back cover, P. 97", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.110", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_web.jpg", "width": "1106", "height": "893", "filesize": "207550", "filename": "1991.110_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2745", "filesize": "1826461", "filename": "1991.110_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_full.tif", "width": "5422", "height": "4379", "filesize": "71253756", "filename": "1991.110_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1029", "height": "893", "filesize": "816274"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2952", "filesize": "7259431"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3787", "height": "3288", "filesize": "37399304"}, "date_created": "2008-08-13T15:12:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1102", "height": "893", "filesize": "773960"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2755", "filesize": "6244920"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.110/1991.110_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4621", "height": "3744", "filesize": "51933356"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Payne Fund Gallery", "athena_id": 155783, "creators": [{"id": 2876, "description": "William Sidney Mount (American, 1807\u20131868)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1807", "death_year": "1868", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-09-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1847, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1847", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:46:16.536000"}, {"id": 136911, "accession_number": "1961.39", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "View of Florence, 1837. Thomas Cole (American, born England,1801\u20131848). Oil on canvas; framed: 125.4 x 186.7 x 9.2 cm (49 3/8 x 73 1/2 x 3 5/8 in.); unframed: 99.5 x 160.4 cm (39 3/16 x 63 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1961.39", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "View of Florence", "creation_date": "1837", "creation_date_earliest": 1837, "creation_date_latest": 1837, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 125.4 x 186.7 x 9.2 cm (49 3/8 x 73 1/2 x 3 5/8 in.); Unframed: 99.5 x 160.4 cm (39 3/16 x 63 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.254, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.867, "width_inch": 73, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.092, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.995, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.604, "width_inch": 63, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"T C\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 521017, "title": "Paintings and Drawings by Thomas Cole", "description": "<i>Paintings and Drawings by Thomas Cole</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (January 26-February 28, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 316697, "title": "Thomas Cole", "description": "<i>Thomas Cole</i>. Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (February 14-March 23, 1969); Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (April 5-May 4, 1969); Albany Institute of History and Art, Albany, NY (May 9-June 20, 1969); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (June 30-September 1, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-02-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445261, "title": "19th Century Americans in Italy", "description": "<i>19th Century Americans in Italy</i>. Spencer Museum of Art, Lawrence, KS (organizer) (November 3-December 3, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 287387, "title": "Thomas Cole's Journey: Atlantic Crossings", "description": "<i>Thomas Cole's Journey: Atlantic Crossings</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (January 29-May 13, 2018); National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (June 13-October 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-01-29T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, National Academy of Design, Annual Exhibition (1837), cat. no. 39 as View of Florence.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Boston, Athenaeum, Annual Exhibition (1839), cat. no. 123, see The Boston Athenaeum: Art Exhibition Index, 1827-1874 (Boston, 1980), p. 38, listed under year 1839 as View on the Arno, Florence, owned by J. Mason.", "opening_date": "1980-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Gallery of the American Art-Union, Exhibition of the Paintings of the Late Thomas Cole, At the Gallery of the American Art-Union (27 March 1848-?), cat. no. 33, catalogue reproduced as Appendix 1in Parry (1988), pp. 368-372.", "opening_date": "1988-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Atheneum, Annual Exhibition (1850), cat. no. 137, see The Boston Athenaeum: Art Exhibition Index, 1827-1874 (Boston, 1980), p. 38, listed under year 1850 as View on the Arno, Near Florence owned by T.P. Cushing.", "opening_date": "1980-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, New York Gallery of Fine Arts, (1 May 1854) cat. no. 61, p. 10, see Index to American Art Exhibition Catalogues.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Baltimore, The Baltimore Museum of Art, Thomas Cole: Paintings by an American Romanticist (26 January-28 February 1965), cat. no. 14.", "opening_date": "1965-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rochester, Memorial Art Gallery, University of Rochester, Thomas Cole (14 February-23 March 1969); traveled to Utica, Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute (7 April-4 May 1969); Albany, Albany Institute of History and Art (9 May-20 June 1969); New York, Whitney Museum of American Art (30 June-1 September 1969), cat. no. 32, illus. p. 83.", "opening_date": "1969-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Lawrence, University of Kansas Museum of Art, The Arcadian Landscape: Nineteenth-Century American Painters in Italy (4 November-3 December 1972), cat. no. 12, illus.", "opening_date": "1972-11-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, A New World: Masterpieces of American Painting 1760-1910 (7 September-13 November 1983); traveled to Washington, D.C., The Corcoran Gallery of Art (7 December 1983-12 February 1984); did not go to Paris; cat. no. 29, pp. 229-230, illus. p. 229.", "opening_date": "1983-09-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, The Lure of Italy: American Artists and The Italian Experience, 1760-1914 (16 September-13 December 1992); traveled to Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (3 February-11 April 1993); Houston, Museum of Fine Arts (23 May-8 August 1993), cat. no. 76, illus. pp. 330-331, pp. 42-54.", "opening_date": "1992-09-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY (1/29/2018 - 5/13/2018) and the National Gallery, London, UK (6/13/2018 - 10/7/2018):  \"Thomas Cole's Journey: Atlantic Crossings\"", "opening_date": "2018-01-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Victor Spark, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960-1961", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Francis Moro, New York, NY, sold to Victor Spark1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Francis Moro and his brother, Tom, operated Paul Moro, Inc., a paintings conservation studio in New York City that had been founded by their father.&nbsp; Francis, who owned the Cole, cleaned and lined the painting with Tim, before selling it to Victor Spark in 1960.&nbsp; Francis also bought and sold paintings, and in 1966 he established Moro Galleries, Inc. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1960", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collector, New York, NY, sold to Francis Moro1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1After purchasing the painting, this unknown collector brought it to Francis Moro for conservation, ultimately selling it to him. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Antique store, New York, NY, sold to a private collector)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The painting was displayed in the window of an unidentified antique store in New York City, where it was noticed and then purchased by an unknown collector.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Henry James, Sr. [1811-1882], New York, NY1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Henry James, Sr. owned the painting by 1854, when he was listed as its owner in a New York Gallery of Fine Arts exhibition on May 1st of that year.&nbsp; In his memoir of 1913, <em>A Small Boy and Others</em>, his son, novelist Henry James recalls the painting, which \"covered half a side of our front parlor\u201d of the family\u2019s brownstone on West 14th Street in Manhattan. &nbsp; He writes that, as of 1913, the painting was \"long ago lost to our sight;\" apparently, it was no longer in the possession of any member of the James family by this point.&nbsp; The painting\u2019s whereabouts from 1854 to circa 1960 remain unknown.&nbsp; In 1855, the James family moved to Europe, returning in 1859 to reside mainly in Newport, Rhode Island, where they lived until 1865, when Henry James, Sr. sold the 14th Street house and settled the family in Cambridge. The 14th Street house was sold to William Benton Greene [1819-1904], who had rented it while the James family resided elsewhere.&nbsp; Alfred Habegger, a noted Henry James scholar, suggested that the painting may have remained on the walls of the James home when they moved to Europe and that Greene \u201cinherited\u201d the painting with the house.</div>"], "date": "By 1854-?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Edward James, New York, NY, probably to his brother, Henry James, S1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Edward James lent the painting to an 1848 exhibition of works by Cole held at the American Art Union.&nbsp; Edward James was the uncle of novelist Henry James; he lived in Albany and is among the lesser known members of the James family.&nbsp; In some versions of the provenance of <em>View of Florence, </em>Edward James is followed by Thomas Parkman Cushing, who is then followed by Henry James, Sr. In her entry on <em>View of Florence </em>in the exhibition catalogue, <em>A Lost World: Masterpieces of American Painting , 1760-1910</em> (1983), Diana Strazdes situated the painting in the possession of Thomas Parkman Cushing in 1850, when he lent a Cole painting titled \u201cView on the Arno, near Florence\u201d to an exhibition at the Boston Athenaeum.&nbsp; It seems that Strazdes likely confused <em>View of Florence </em>with <em>View of the Arno, near Florence </em>(Worcester Art Museum, 1991.179), assigning the Cushing provenance to <em>View of Florence </em>which in fact it belongs to <em>View of the Arno. &nbsp;</em></div>"], "date": "By 1848-before 1854", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Jonathan Mason, Boston1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Mason, Cole's friend and agent, is listed as the painting's owner in an 1839 exhibition at the Boston Athenaeum.</div>"], "date": "by 1839", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Possibly Mr. Hunt, Boston1", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1838-1839?", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Novelist Henry James grew up with this painting and described its foreground monk as his \u201cconstant friend.\u201d", "description": "Cole visited Italy in 1831 and made a small pencil sketch of this vista of Florence shortly before sunset. In his New York studio six years later, he transformed the drawing into this large oil painting, adding picturesque humans and goats to the foreground. Exhibiting <em>View of Florence</em> alongside a painting of the Catskill Mountains in New York in 1837, Cole set out to prove that he had mastered the very different landscapes of the Old and New Worlds.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16934583"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.39-view-of-florence"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Victor Spark, letter to Henry S. Francis, June 10, 1960, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "David Steinberg, letter to Alfred Habegger, May 16, 1994, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Victor D. Spark Papers, Series 4.2, Other Financial Records, 1930-1981, Box 17, Folder 6, Stock Books, 1958-1960, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Victor D. Spark Papers, Series 4.2, Other Financial Records, 1930-1981, Box 17, Folder 6, Stock Books, 1958-1960, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Frank Zuccari, email to Marcia Steele, June 26, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Frank Zuccari, email to Marcia Steele, June 26, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Frank Zuccari, email to Marcia Steele, June 26, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alfred Habegger, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, March 20, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "David Steinberg, letter to Alfred Habegger, May 16, 1994, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "James, Henry. <em>A Small Boy and Others</em>. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1913.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Habegger, Alfred. <em>The Father: A Life of Henry James, Sr</em>. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1994.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alfred Habegger, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, March 20, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Perkins, Robert F., William J. Gavin, and Mary Margaret Shaughnessy. <em>The Boston Athenaeum Art Exhibition Index, 1827-1874</em>. Boston, Mass: The Library of the Boston Athenaeum, 1980.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "David Steinberg, letter to Alfred Habegger, May 16, 1994, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William S. Talbot [?], notes on a telephone conversation with Howard S. Merritt, Oct. 1, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "T\u00f3ib\u00edn, Colm, Marc Simpson, Declan Kiely. <em>Henry James and American Painting.</em> University Park, Pennsylvania, New York, New York: The Pennsylvania State University Press ; The Morgan Library &amp; Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 50-52; reproduced, p. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara, Annette Blaugrund, Franklin Kelly. <em>Thomas Cole : The Artist as Architect.</em> New York, New York: The Monacelli Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 24, 30; reproduced, pp. 26-27.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Garlington, Aubrey S. <em>Society, Culture, and Opera in Florence, 1814-1830 : Dilettantes in an \u2018Earthly Paradise\u2019</em>. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced, cover and back cover (detail).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d July 13, 1961, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0771"}, {"citation": "Cole, Thomas, and Elizabeth Ourusoff. \u201cView of Florence from San Miniato.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 1 (January 1962): 12\u201319.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 12-19, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142486"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n208"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n208"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n248"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82 - 83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Simpson, Marc. \"I like ambiguities and detest great glares: Henry James and American Paintings.\" In <em>Henry James and American Painting.</em> 48-97. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press; New York, New York: The Morgan Library &amp; Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51, fig.1; Mentioned: P. 50-52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin. \"Italy: The Grand Tour.\" In <em>Thomas Cole's Journey: Atlantic Crossings</em>. Elizabeth Mankin Kornhauser and Tim Barringer, 179-193. New York : The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 191, cat. 45; Mention: p. 191 & 193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kornhauser, Elizabeth Mankin. \"Re-examining Thomas Cole.\"<em> The Magazine Antiques </em>185, no. 1 (January/February 2018): 140-147.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 146; reproduced, p. 140", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.39", "images": {"annotation": "Oil painting from a viewpoint of the city of Florence, the sun setting over the mountains in the background, casting orange rooftops in golden light. On our left, a river cuts through the city. On our right rises the orange dome and bell tower of the Duomo, or cathedral. Left of the cathedral stands Palazzo Vecchio's castle-like structure with a single tower. In the foreground people and goats relax in front of the overlook's wall.", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "554", "filesize": "160620", "filename": "1961.39_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2093", "filesize": "2083307", "filename": "1961.39_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_full.tif", "width": "7570", "height": "4659", "filesize": "105833740", "filename": "1961.39_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "554", "filesize": "125494"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2093", "filesize": "1430133"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_alt0_full.tif", "width": "15151", "height": "9328", "filesize": "424013540"}, "date_created": "2018-10-24T12:02:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "559", "filesize": "94506"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2110", "filesize": "1106868"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7727", "height": "4795", "filesize": "111180064"}, "date_created": "2018-10-24T13:04:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "779", "filesize": "646464"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2097", "filesize": "4569404"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.39/1961.39_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3084", "filesize": "46283648"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 136911, "creators": [{"id": 2659, "description": "Thomas Cole (American, born England,1801\u20131848)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1801", "death_year": "1848", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-02-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1837, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1837", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["View of Florence from San Miniato"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:23.517000"}, {"id": 147017, "accession_number": "1972.48", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Branch Hill Pond, Hampstead, 1828. John Constable (British, 1776\u20131837). Oil on canvas; framed: 89 x 105.5 x 11.5 cm (35 1/16 x 41 9/16 x 4 1/2 in.); unframed: 60.6 x 78.1 cm (23 7/8 x 30 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1972.48", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Branch Hill Pond, Hampstead", "creation_date": "1828", "creation_date_earliest": 1828, "creation_date_latest": 1828, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 89 x 105.5 x 11.5 cm (35 1/16 x 41 9/16 x 4 1/2 in.); Unframed: 60.6 x 78.1 cm (23 7/8 x 30 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.89, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.055, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.115, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.606, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.781, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 181714, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation)", "description": "<i>CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation)</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (April 3-June 5, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture</em>. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (1933).", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Autumn Exhibition</em>. Leggatt Brothers, London, United Kingdom (1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>English Painting 1750-1850</em>. Leggatt Brothers, London, United Kingdom (1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Englische Malerei der grossen Zeit</em> . Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (October 8-November 6, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-10-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>La Pittura Inglese de Hogarth a Turner</em>. Palazzo Venezia, Rome, Italy (November 21-December 20, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-11-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Painted by the artist for Henry Hebbert [1783-1864], London, United Kingdom, by descent to his son, Henry Hebbert", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1828-1864", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Henry Hebbert [1814-1893], London, United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1864-1894", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Cyrus McCormick Jr. [1859-1936], Chicago, IL, .", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1894", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Hirschl and Adler Galleries, New York, NY, 1958 sold to Leggatt Brothers)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-1959", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Leggatt Brothers, London, United Kingdom, 1959.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Earl of Inchcape, London, United Kingdom by 1966.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1966", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(E. V. Thaw & Co., New York. NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 1820, Constable found a retreat in Hampstead where he completed 100 studies of cloud formations, referring to the process as \"skying.\"", "description": "<br>An amateur meteorologist, John Constable was most at home painting meticulously observed cloud formations, weather conditions, and natural light effects. He believed an accurate rendering of these constantly shifting elements could convey his vision of the vitality and magnificence of the English countryside. Working from the summerhouse he rented at Hampstead from 1819\u201326, Constable painted a landscape focusing more on the dark rain clouds than on the laborers in the foreground, keeping the details of their backbreaking work at a picturesque distance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472321"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.48-branch-hill-pond-ham"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1972.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 3 (1973): 63\u2013115.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79; Mentioned: p. 109, no. 116", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25093732"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cJohn Constable: Branch Hill Pond, Hampstead Heath.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 3 (March 1974): 97\u2013115.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98-101; Mentioned: p. 97, 100", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152518"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n228"}, {"citation": "\"Visions of Landscape East and West.\" <em>Asia</em> Vol. 4, No. 5 (January/February 1982): pp. 24-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cVisions of Landscape: East and West.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 3 (1983): 112\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 116-117, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159808"}, {"citation": "Cormack, Malcolm.<em> Constable</em>. Oxford: Phaidon, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173, fig. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 143-145, Vol. I, no. 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wiles, Stephanie, \"British Invasion\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 04, April 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-04/page/8"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.48", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.48/1972.48_web.jpg", "width": "1155", "height": "893", "filesize": "759286", "filename": "1972.48_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.48/1972.48_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2629", "filesize": "5756024", "filename": "1972.48_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.48/1972.48_full.tif", "width": "4627", "height": "3578", "filesize": "49697516", "filename": "1972.48_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 147017, "creators": [{"id": 1536, "description": "John Constable (British, 1776\u20131837)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "With Turner (q.v.), his exact contemporary, John Constable defined the parameters of genius for a generation of romantic landscape painters. The son of a prosperous miller and gentleman farmer, he entered into his profession late and was basically self-taught. Between 1796 and 1799 Constable had the advice of several artists and connoisseurs influential in the London art scene, primarily that of Sir George Beaumont (1753-1827), John Thomas Smith (1766-1833), and Joseph Farington (1747-1821). With the grudging consent of his parents, he entered the Royal Academy schools in 1799, the same year Turner was elected an associate member. (Twenty years would elapse before the academy conceded Constable that gesture of recognition.) He emerged publicly as a mature and focused painter of naturalistic landscapes in 1802 with the exhibition of his first oil painting at the Royal Academy.1 Shortly afterward he moved to his family home in East Bergholt with the intention of getting \"a pure and unaffected representation of the scenes that may employ me.\" The tours of 1806 produced an important body of Lake District material, especially studies in watercolor and in graphite, a medium Constable employed with unrivaled ability even at this early date. In 1808 he began a period of intense plein-air oil sketching and by 1814 was painting finished pictures like the magnificent Stour Valley and Dedham Village (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston) or Wivenhoe Park, Essex (National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.)2 entirely out of doors. The Stour River, Flatford Mill, and Dedham Vale were the subjects to which he returned repeatedly with brilliant success. With his bride, Maria Bicknell, the artist moved permanently to London in 1816. His repertoire of subjects would expand to include Brighton, Salisbury, and Hampstead Heath, and both his practice and his fortunes also evolved in a significant new direction when he began his six-foot pictures of Suffolk landscape painted in the London studio. The scale of such works as The White Horse (1819, Frick Collection, New York)3 undoubtedly contributed to his successful bid for associate membership in the Royal Academy that year. With Sir Thomas Lawrence (1769-1830) and Bonington (q.v.), Constable created a sensation at the 1824 Paris Salon, where he exhibited The Hay Wain (National Gallery, London) and View on the Stour near Dedham (Huntington Art Gallery, San Marino),4 although French artists had known and admired his work since 1820. After the death of his wife in 1828 and his election as full academician in 1829, Constable turned toward consolidating his reputation through writing, lecturing, and the medium of printmaking. He published English Landscape (1830-32) in collaboration with the mezzotint engraver David Lucas, but it was commercially unsuccessful. He never ceased to work from nature, but the later masterworks Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows (1831, National Gallery, London), The Opening of Waterloo Bridge (1832, Tate Gallery, London), and Arundel Mill and Castle (1837, Toledo Museum of Art)5 are pictures in which an expressionistic use of the medium struggles against an ever-increasing imaginative formalization of natural motifs.\r\n1. Probably Edge of the Wood (Art Gallery of Ontario); see Reynolds 1996, no. 2.1.\r\n2. Reynolds 1996, no. 15.1; Reynolds 1984, no. 17.4.\r\n3. Reynolds 1984, no. 2:19.1.\r\n4. Reynolds 1984, no. 21.1; Reynolds 1984, 22.1.\r\n5. Reynolds 1984, no. 31.1; Reynolds 1984, no. 32.1; Reynolds 1984, no. 37.1.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1776", "death_year": "1837", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-06-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1828, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1828", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Branch Hill Pond, Hampstead Heath"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:32:23.035000"}, {"id": 149768, "accession_number": "1979.80", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint John the Baptist in a Landscape, c. 1445. Attributed to Petrus Christus (Netherlandish, c. 1410\u20131475/76). Oil on panel; unframed: 40.2 x 12.5 cm (15 13/16 x 4 15/16 in.); painted surface: 39.6 x 11.5 cm (15 9/16 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1979.80", "current_location": "112 Northern Renaissance", "title": "Saint John the Baptist in a Landscape", "creation_date": "c. 1445", "creation_date_earliest": 1440, "creation_date_latest": 1450, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders, Bruges"], "technique": "oil on panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 40.2 x 12.5 cm (15 13/16 x 4 15/16 in.); Painted surface: 39.6 x 11.5 cm (15 9/16 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.402, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.125, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "painted surface": {"height": 0.396, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.115, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1979</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 205801, "title": "Recognizing van Eyck", "description": "<i>Recognizing van Eyck</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art (organizer) (April 4-May 31, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-04-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220441, "title": "The Mediterranean Renaissance. The Movement of Artists and Works of Art Between Italy, France, and Spain in the 15th-century.", "description": "<i>The Mediterranean Renaissance. The Movement of Artists and Works of Art Between Italy, France, and Spain in the 15th-century.</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (January 31-May 6, 2001); Museo de Bellas Artes, Valencia, Spain (June 18-September 2, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-01-31T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227326, "title": "Jan van Eyck, Early Netherlandish Painting and the South of Europe", "description": "<i>Jan van Eyck, Early Netherlandish Painting and the South of Europe</i>. Groeningemuseum, Stedelijke Musea, Brugge, Belgium (March 15-June 30, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-03-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 317804, "title": "Van Eyck: An Optical Revolution", "description": "<i>Van Eyck: An Optical Revolution</i>. Museum of Fine Arts Ghent, Ghent, Belgium (organizer) (February 1-April 30, 2020) https://www.mskgent.be/en/exhibitions/van-eyck.", "opening_date": "2020-02-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Petrus Christus, Renaissance Master of Bruges</em>, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (April 11-July 31, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-04-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Herederos de John Frere (1740-1807), Royal Hall, Norfolk, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(E.V. Thaw, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1979", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1979-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the background is the Blacksmith's Gate, originally built in 1297, which still stands in the city Bruges, although it has been rebuilt multiple times over the centuries.", "description": "The overall style of this painting suggests that it was painted by an artist closely associated with the Netherlandish painter Jan van Eyck. The facial structure of the saint as well as the artist\u2019s treatment of his cloak are typical of van Eyck\u2019s follower, Petrus Christus. Christus was active in the city of Bruges and was a probable pupil and successor to Jan van Eyck, with whom his paintings have often been confused. Here, Christus depicts John the Baptist as an isolated, monumental figure without his typical hairshirt or other references to his life. This approach is derived from Claus Sluter\u2019s monumental image of Saint John from the portal at Champmol and from manuscript illuminators working for Philip the Bold and his brother Jean de Berry. Here, John holds the Lamb of God, a symbol of Christ\u2019s sacrifice and a reference to John\u2019s proclamation of Christ\u2019s redemption of humankind. Upon his death, Christus was succeeded by Hans Memling as the next great painter in Bruges.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474303"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.80-saint-john-the-bapti"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 3 (1980)", "page_number": "Cat. No. 7, p. 95", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "\"La chronique des arts,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> XCV, no. 1334 (March 1980).", "page_number": "p. 30, no. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"A Newly Discovered Eyckian St. John the Baptist in a Landscape.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 4 (1981).", "page_number": "pp. 87-109", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159721"}, {"citation": "\"A Technical Note.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>68, no. 4 (1981)", "page_number": "pp. 110-119", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159722"}, {"citation": "Bauman, Guy, and Walter A. Liedtke. <em>Flemish Paintings in America: A Survey of Early Netherlandish and Flemish Paintings in the Public Collections of North America</em>. Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 323, fig. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ainsworth, Maryan W., Petrus Christus, and Maximiliaan P. J. Martens. Petrus Christus: Renaissance Master of Bruges. 1994.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hand, John Oliver. \"Petrus Christus at the Metropolitan\" <em>Apollo </em>(October 1994).", "page_number": "p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eyck, Jan van, and J. R. J. van Asperen de Boer. <em>Jan Van Eyck: Two Paintings of Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata</em>. 1997.", "page_number": "pp. 88-95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Luber, Katherine Crawford. \"Recognizing Van Eyck\".<em> Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin</em> 91 (1998).", "page_number": "fig. 18, p. 18, # 6, p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, and Museo de Bellas Artes de Valencia. The Mediterranean Renaissance: the movement of artists and works of art between Italy, France and Spain in the fifteenth century : press report. [Madrid?]: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2001.", "page_number": "exh. cat. no. 35, pp 285-287", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benito Domenech, Fernando, and Jose\u0301 Go\u0301mez Frechina. <em>La clave flamenca en los primitivos valencianos</em>. Vale\u0301ncia: Generalitat Valenciana, 2001.", "page_number": "fig. 1.3, p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Natale, Mauro. <em>El Renacimiento mediterra\u0301neo: viajes de artistas e itinerarios de obras entre Italia, Francia y Espan\u0303a en el siglo XV</em> : Madrid, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, del 31 de enero al 6 de mayo de 2001, Valencia Museu de Belles Arts de Vale\u0300ncia, del 18 de mayo al 2 de septiembre de 2001. Madrid: Fundacio\u0301n Coleccio\u0301n Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2001.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 35, pp. 285-87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Andreas Beyer. Age of Van Eyck: The Mediterranean World and Early Netherlandish Painting, 1430-1530. Ghent [Belgium]: Ludion, 2002.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 9, fig. 9, p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boccardo, Piero, Clario Di Fabio, Philippe Se\u0301ne\u0301chal, and Giovanni Assereto. <em>Genova e la Francia: opere, artisti, committenti, collezionisti</em>. Cinisello Balsamo (Milano): Silvana, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 82, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Van Eyck: et la Diffusion de L'Art Flamand.\" <em>Dossier de Art,</em> no. 119 (2005).", "page_number": "p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 274", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Borchert, Till-Holger. \"The Impact of Jan van Eyck's lost lomellini Triptych and his Genoese Patrons.\" 4 (March 2019) 30-61.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "DePoorter, Matthias. \"Jan van Eyck's Discovery of Nature.\" In <em>Van Eyck: An Optical Revolution</em>. Maximiliaan Martens, Till-Holger Borchert, Jan Dumolyn, Johan de Smet, and Frederica Van Dam, 204-235. Gent: Hannibal-MSK, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 215, fig. 8.10", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.80", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.80/1979.80_web.jpg", "width": "287", "height": "893", "filesize": "62046", "filename": "1979.80_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.80/1979.80_print.jpg", "width": "1145", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2801896", "filename": "1979.80_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.80/1979.80_full.tif", "width": "3527", "height": "10477", "filesize": "110887068", "filename": "1979.80_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Lucia Smith Nash Gallery", "athena_id": 149768, "creators": [{"id": 61584, "description": "Petrus Christus (Netherlandish, c. 1410\u20131475/76)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1410", "death_year": "1476", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-11-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1440, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1445", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:45:17.989000"}, {"id": 163769, "accession_number": "2005.181", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Go Down Death, 1934. Aaron Douglas (American, 1899\u20131979). Oil on Masonite; framed: 124.5 x 94 x 3.8 cm (49 x 37 x 1 1/2 in.); unframed: 121.9 x 91.5 cm (48 x 36 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund and Gift of Prof. and Mrs. David C. Driskell, 2005.181. Art \u00a9 Heirs of Aaron Douglas/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "Go Down Death", "creation_date": "1934", "creation_date_earliest": 1934, "creation_date_latest": 1934, "artists_tags": ["Black American Artists", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on Masonite", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 124.5 x 94 x 3.8 cm (49 x 37 x 1 1/2 in.); Unframed: 121.9 x 91.5 cm (48 x 36 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.245, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.94, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.038, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 1.219, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.915, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "Art \u00a9 Heirs of Aaron Douglas/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed \"A. Douglas\" lower right corner in purple paint", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 215369, "title": "Aaron Douglas and the Harlem Renaissance", "description": "<i>Aaron Douglas and the Harlem Renaissance</i>. Spencer Museum of Art, Lawrence, KS (organizer) (September 8-December 2, 2007); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (January 19-April 13, 2008); National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC (May 9-August 3, 2008); Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York, NY (August 30-November 30, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-09-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200463, "title": "The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s", "description": "<i>The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s</i>. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY (April 7-August 20, 2017); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30, 2017-January 14, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-04-07T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Two Centuries of Black American Art</em>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (September 30-November 21, 1976); High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (January 8-February 20, 1977); Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas, TX (March 30-May 15, 1977); The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY(June 25-August 21, 1977).", "opening_date": "1976-09-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Hidden Heritage: Afro-American Art, 1800-1950</em>. Bellevue Art Museum, Bellevue, WA (September 14-November 10, 1985); Bronx Museum of the Arts, The Bronx, NY (January 14-March 10, 1986); California Afro-American Museum, Los Angeles, CA (April 7-June 2, 1986); Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT (July 4-August 31, 1986); Mint Museum of Art, Charlotte, NC (September 22-November 17, 1986); San Antonio Museum of Art, San Antonio, TX (December 15, 1986-February 9, 1987); Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (March 8-May 3, 1987).", "opening_date": "1985-09-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Harlem Renaissance: Art of Black America.</em> Studio Museum in Harlem, Harlem, NY (February 12-August 30, 1987); Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL (April 7-June 5, 1988); High Museum of Art, Alanta, GA (June 28-September 4, 1988); Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, ME (September 24-November 20, 1988); Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, University of Texas, Austin, TX (January 14-February 26, 1989); Virginia Museum of the Fine Arts (March 27-May 21, 1989); Cheekwood Museum of Art, Nashville, TN (June 17-August 6, 1989); New York State Museum, Albany, NY (August 29-October 29, 1989).", "opening_date": "1987-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Narratives of African American Art and Identity: The Davide C. Driskill Collection</em>. The Art Gallery, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (October 22- December 19, 1998); African American Museum, Dallas, TX (March 13- June 19, 1999); Colby College Museum of Art, Waterville, ME (July 21- October 17, 1999); The Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (November 20, 1999- February 12, 2000); The High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (June 20- September 10, 2000); Newark Museum, Newark, NJ (October 25, 2000- February 25, 2001); Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (March 17- May 14, 2001); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (July 8- September 30, 2001); Naples Museum of Art, Naples, FL (October 15, 2001- January 13, 2002), FL; Mint Museum of Art, Charlotte, NC (April 23-October 25, 2002).", "opening_date": "1998-10-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "until 1977", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Dr. and Mrs. David C. Driskell, Hyattsville, MD", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1977-2005", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Douglas founded the art department at Fisk University, where he also created many celebrated murals.", "description": "The leading painter of the Harlem Renaissance, Douglas based this painting on an illustration he made for <em>God\u2019s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse</em> (1927), a book by noted author and civil rights advocate James Weldon Johnson. Its subject tells the story of a winged angel of death who races through the heavens on horseback to rescue a woman from a life of suffering.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480297"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Driskell, David, C. <em>Two Centuries of Black American Art </em>Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Driskell, David C. <em>Hidden Heritage: Afro-American Art, 1800-1950.</em> San Francisco, Calif: The Association, 1985.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Driskell, David C. <em>Hidden Heritage: Afro-American Art, 1800\u20131950. </em>Bellevue Art Museum, Washington: Art Museum Association of America, 1985, second printing 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41,94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Campbell, Mary Schmidt. et al., <em>Harlem Renaissance: Art of Black America. </em>New York: Abrams, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110, 130; Reproduced: color plate 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gips, Terry. <em>Narratives of African American Art and Identity: The David C. Driskell Collection.</em> San Francisco, Calif: Pomegranate, 1998.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Holland, Juanita Marie. <em>Narratives of African American Art and Identity: The David C. Driskell Collection. </em>San Francisco: Pomegranate, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: frontispiece, p. 81, n. 14; Mentioned: p. 81, 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "McAleer,Bernard. \u201cAfter Hours: An Inspiring Heritage.\u201d <em>The Network Journal </em>8, no. 4 (January 31, 2001)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Museum buys work by important black painter.\" <em>The Plain Dealer, </em>December 22, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. F-1, F-3; Reproduced: p. F-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Mark Cole.\" <em>Cleveland Art </em>46, no. 3 (March 2006)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2, 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Earle, Susan, ed. <em>Aaron Douglas: African American Modernist. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172, n. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 15, p. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Jacob Lawrence's <em>Fulton and Nostrand.\" Cleveland Art </em>48 (February 2008).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7; Mentioned: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gordon, Margery. \"Eyes on the Prizes.\" <em>Art &amp; Auction </em>31 (February 2008)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117; Mentioned: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Jacob Lawrence's Fulton and Nostrand\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 48 no. 2, February 2008", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-02/page/6"}, {"citation": "McIntyre, Dianna. \"A Personal Favorite.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 51, no. 2 (March/April 2011): 8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8; Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2011-02/page/8/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. <em>African American Art, The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Anderson, Nancy. \u201cAaron Douglas/The Judgment Day/1939.\u201d In <em>American Paintings, 1900\u20131945, NGA Online Editions.</em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Roberta. \"A Show's Secret Star: Art Deco steps out incognito with plenty of company in a design exhibition.\" <em>The New York Times, </em>April 7, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. C19", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.181", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund and Gift of Prof. and Mrs. David C. Driskell", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. Robert B. Benyo Trust Gallery", "athena_id": 163769, "creators": [{"id": 7876, "description": "Aaron Douglas (American, 1899\u20131979)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1899", "death_year": "1979", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1934, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1934", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:47:37.608000"}, {"id": 143602, "accession_number": "1967.63", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Low Waterfall in a Wooded Landscape with a Dead Beech Tree, c. 1660\u201370. Jacob van Ruisdael (Dutch, 1628/29\u20131682). Oil on canvas; framed: 123 x 157 x 9.5 cm (48 7/16 x 61 13/16 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 99.2 x 131 cm (39 1/16 x 51 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1967.63", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Low Waterfall in a Wooded Landscape with a Dead Beech Tree", "creation_date": "c. 1660\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1660, "creation_date_latest": 1670, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 123 x 157 x 9.5 cm (48 7/16 x 61 13/16 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 99.2 x 131 cm (39 1/16 x 51 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.23, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.57, "width_inch": 61, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.992, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.31, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"JvRuisdael {JvR in monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 337140, "title": "Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums</i>. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo (organizer) (September 11-October 17, 1976); Kyoto National Museum (November 2-December 5, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228911, "title": "Time and Transformation in seventeenth-century Dutch Art", "description": "<i>Time and Transformation in seventeenth-century Dutch Art</i>. The Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center, Poughkeepsie, NY (organizer) (April 19-June 15, 2005); John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (August 20-October 30, 2005); Speed Art Museum, Louisville, KY (January 15-March 26, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-04-19T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "D\u00fcsseldorf, Junsthistorische ausstellung, (1904).", "opening_date": "1904-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rotterdam, Museum Boymans, (1929-30).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Freiherren von Ketteler (first at Schloss Harkotten near Warendorf, probably by mid-eighteenth century;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "later at Schloss Ehringerfeld near Buren, Westphalia, 1904);", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "J. J. van Leeuwen Boomkamp, Naarden, Holland, 1929;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(sale: Sotheby\u2019s London, November 30, 1966, no. 21; to Legatt);", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Frederick Mont, New York], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jacob van Ruisdael was inspired by trees in various states of decay, observed from nature.", "description": "Jutting from a dune in the foreground, the massive silvery trunk of a dead tree leads the eye across a waterfall and toward a distant sunlit field where travelers and a dog traverse a sandy path. Partly masked by trees, a ruined building is turned gold by the sun. In Jacob van Ruisdael\u2019s landscapes, dead trees, waterfalls, and ruined buildings were visual expressions of the passage of time. Ruisdael devoted equal attention to the cloud-filled skies looming above the land, creating dramatic patterns of light and shadow and revealing the unseen movements of the wind.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20901760"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.63-low-waterfall-in-a-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, C. P. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century</em>. London, United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co, 1908.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 4, no. 220", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Jakob. <em>Jacob van Ruisdael</em>. Berlin, Germany: B. Cassirer, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 81, no. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Simon, Kurt Erich. <em>Jacob van Ruisdael; eine Darstellung seiner Entwicklung</em>. Berlin, Germany: Wu\u0308rfel Verlag, 1930.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 10 (1967): 302-46.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 65, p. 343, Reproduced: p. 314", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183."}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgana. \"Ruisdael in the Cleveland Museum.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LV, no.10 (October, 1968): 250-261.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 255, fig. 7; Mentioned: p. 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>XXXI, no. 2 (Summer 1968): 205-232.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kokuritsu Seiyo\u0304 Bijutsukan. <em>Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums from Ancient Egyptian to Contemporary Art</em>. Tokyo: National Museum of Western Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n181"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 268; Mentioned: p. 269", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walford, E. John. <em>Jacob Van Ruisdael and the Perception of Landscape</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Walter S. <em>Pleasant Places: The Rustic Landscape from Bruegel to Ruisdael</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slive, Seymour. <em>Jacob Van Ruisdael: A Complete Catalogue of His Paintings, Drawings, and Etchings</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173, fig. 169; Mentioned: p. 172-173", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kuretsky, Susan Donahue, Walter S. Gibson, Catherine Levesque, Erik P. Lo\u0308ffler, Lynn Federle Orr, and Arthur K. Wheelock. <em>Time and Transformation In Seventeenth-Century Dutch Art</em>. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171, fig. 32", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.63", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.63/1967.63_web.jpg", "width": "1184", "height": "893", "filesize": "705550", "filename": "1967.63_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.63/1967.63_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2565", "filesize": "5946389", "filename": "1967.63_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.63/1967.63_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4149", "filesize": "68490280", "filename": "1967.63_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 143602, "creators": [{"id": 2676, "description": "Jacob van Ruisdael (Dutch, 1628/29\u20131682)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1628", "death_year": "1682", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-04-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1660, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1660\u201370", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Landscape with a Dead Tree"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.563000"}, {"id": 135539, "accession_number": "1958.67", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u201310. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41.1 x 17.6 x 11 cm (16 3/16 x 6 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.67", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404)", "creation_date": "1404\u201310", "creation_date_earliest": 1404, "creation_date_latest": 1410, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands, active Dijon, 15th century"], "technique": "vizille alabaster", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41.1 x 17.6 x 11 cm (16 3/16 x 6 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.411, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.176, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518505, "title": "25th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>25th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (organizer) (January 13-March 5, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519411, "title": "European Art Around 1400", "description": "<i>European Art Around 1400</i>. Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria (organizer) (May 7-July 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-05-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361650, "title": "The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400", "description": "<i>The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 23-December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, Dijon, France (May 27-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207394, "title": "The Mourners: Medieval Tomb Sculptures from the Court of Burgundy", "description": "<i>The Mourners: Medieval Tomb Sculptures from the Court of Burgundy</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 1-May 23, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220338, "title": "The Road to Van Eyck", "description": "<i>The Road to Van Eyck</i>. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (October 13, 2012-February 10, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 296969, "title": "Johan Maelwael from Guelders", "description": "<i>Johan Maelwael from Guelders</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (October 6, 2017-January 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 453138, "title": "Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster", "description": "<i>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Deux Pleurants de Jaume Cascalle Provenant des Sepultures Royales de Poblet</em>, Mus\u00e9es du Louvre, Paris, France, (May, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>In Memoriam Leonard C. Hanna Jr.</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH 3/4/1958 - 4/6/1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Treasures in America</em>, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, (January 13-March 5, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>European Art about 1400</em>, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria (May-July 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>International Style</em>, The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, (October 22-December 30, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Les Pleurant dans la Sculpture du Moyen Age en Europe</em>, Mus\u00e9e de Dijon, Dijon, France; Palais des \u00c9tats de Bourgoge (July 3-September 12, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Vicomte Edouard de Broissia & son, Georges (d. 1875), Dijon, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1875", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(M. Legay, Nancy, sold to Charles Stein)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1875-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Charles Stein, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Duveen Brothers., Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Clarence Mackay (d. 1939), New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1922-1939", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann, New York, NY, sold to Leonard C. Hanna)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939-1940", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna, Jr., Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1940-1958", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 119132, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u20131410. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41.7 x 16.6 x 11.7 cm (16 7/16 x 6 9/16 x 4 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.128", "relationship": "related series"}, {"id": 135538, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u201310. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41 x 12.7 x 15 cm (16 1/8 x 5 x 5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.66", "relationship": "related series"}, {"id": 119143, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria, 1443\u201345. Jean de la Huerta (Spanish, active Burgundy, 1431\u201362). Salins alabaster; overall: 41 x 20.3 x 12.4 cm (16 1/8 x 8 x 4 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.129", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["3876.42"], "did_you_know": "The use of alabaster in the late Middle Ages began in the 1300s with court art in the circles of French kings, especially in the field of funerary sculpture.", "description": "This figure comes from the tomb of Duke Philip the Bold from the church of Champmol near Dijon (Burgundy, France). Philip, who founded the monastery and designated it as his burial place, hired the best artists, many of whom came from the Netherlands. While the commission was given in 1381, the work was not completed until 1410, six years after the duke\u2019s death.<br><br>This mourner is unusual for the time because it is not carved as a static low relief on the pedestal of the tomb but interact with the viewers and their fellow procession members. The lifelike quality of the figure is due in large part to the alabaster. Its softness allowed artists to carve details into the material, and the transparent, milky white stone could also be polished to a high gloss.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757403"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.67-mourner-from-the-tom"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mus\u00e9e Des Beaux-Arts, Dijon France", "page_number": null, "url": "http://mba-collections.dijon.fr/ow4/mba/voir.xsp?id=00101-25102&qid=sdx_q4&n=10&e="}, {"citation": "Beaulieu, Miche\u0300le. 1949. \"Deux pleurants de Jaume Cascalls provenant des se\u0301pultures royales de Poblet: Muse\u0301e du Louvre\". Muse\u0301es De France. 96-98.", "page_number": "No Iv.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken.<em> In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> [Catalogue]. 1958.", "page_number": "no. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 256-257; cat. no. VI-21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n283"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n88"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n92"}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. <em>The Rare Art Traditions: The History of Art Collecting and Its Linked Phenomena Wherever These Have Appeared.</em> New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"Art from the Duchy of Burgundy.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 10 (1987).", "page_number": "p. 411-424", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160010"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. <em>Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419. </em>Dijon, France: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Cat. No.83; reproduced .p.233.no.35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Domine, Heidi, \"Time Machine\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 01, January 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-01/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Klein, Holger A. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 202-205, no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kemperdick, Stephan, and Friso Lammertse. <em>The Road to Van Eyck</em>. Rotterdam: Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2012.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 24B; pp. 164-165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"Medieval Masterpieces.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 13-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 13-14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Anna Simon, review of The Road to Van Eyck, by Stephan Kemperdick und Friso Lammertse, <em>Journal fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte</em> 17 (April 2013): 258-268.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 272", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>Fashionable Mourners: Bronze Statuettes from the Rijksmuseum</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 188-191; Reproduced: p. 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freundeskreis des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums. <em>Hommage: Renate Eikelmann</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Sieveking Verlag, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Truman, Samantha, and Angelica Verduci. \u201cMourners from the Tomb of Philip the Bold.\u201c In <em>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</em>, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 106-119. 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Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940). Inlaid wood (mahogany?), cast and gilded bronze mounts, inlays of ivory or bone, metal, and mother-of-pearl (marine mussels or pearl oysters); overall: 71.5 x 67.1 x 41.3 cm (28 1/8 x 26 7/16 x 16 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1991.45", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Tea Table", "creation_date": "c. 1907", "creation_date_earliest": 1902, "creation_date_latest": 1912, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "inlaid wood (mahogany?), cast and gilded bronze mounts, inlays of ivory or bone, metal, and mother-of-pearl (marine mussels or pearl oysters)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 71.5 x 67.1 x 41.3 cm (28 1/8 x 26 7/16 x 16 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.715, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.671, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.413, "depth_inch": 16, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed in ligature in white metal inlay on central shelf:  Bugatti.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Galerie Hebrard, Paris, France (1907).", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna, Turin, Italy (May 10-November 10, 1902).", "opening_date": "1902-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "First owned by Mrs. Anna Blake [d. 1956] who took it to Cape Town, South Africa.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1907-c. 1956", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Inherited by her son Robert da Costa Blake.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1956-1965", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "His sale Kirkcaldzs, Cape Town, South Africa, 24 May 1965, lot 34.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection, South Africa", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "until c. 1991", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Galerie Moderne, Ltd., London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1991-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 156113, "description": "Salver, c. 1907. Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940), Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937). Gilt silver and ivory; overall: 14.6 x 33 cm (5 3/4 x 13 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1991.46", "relationship": null}, {"id": 150156, "description": "Tea and Coffee Service, c. 1907. Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940), Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937). Gilt silver and ivory. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection, 1980.74", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Carlo Bugatti's sons achieved illustrious careers of their own. Rembrandt Bugatti (1884-1916) became a celebrated sculptor, and Ettore Bugatti (1881-1947) manufactured luxurious automobiles and racing cars.", "description": "Luxurious materials might catch the eye first, but a closer look reveals the imaginary creatures that adorn the surface of this table. 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Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 156112, "creators": [{"id": 15830, "description": "Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "cabinetmaker", "biography": "active in France after c. 1902.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1856", "death_year": "1940", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-04-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1902, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1907", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:01.279000"}, {"id": 111811, "accession_number": "1930.331", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nataraja, Shiva as the Lord of Dance, 1000s. South India, Tamil Nadu, Chola period (900-1200s). Bronze; overall: 113 x 102 x 30 cm (44 1/2 x 40 3/16 x 11 13/16 in.); base: 35 x 24 cm (13 3/4 x 9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.331", "current_location": "244 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Nataraja, Shiva as the Lord of Dance", "creation_date": "1000s", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1099, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South India, Tamil Nadu, Chola period (900-1200s)"], "technique": "Bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 113 x 102 x 30 cm (44 1/2 x 40 3/16 x 11 13/16 in.); Base: 35 x 24 cm (13 3/4 x 9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.13, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.02, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.3, "depth_inch": 11, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "base": {"width": 0.35, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.24, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355438, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Jewelry of India", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Jewelry of India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 1-June 2, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 700713, "title": "Indian and Indonesian Bronze", "description": "<i>Indian and Indonesian Bronze</i>. Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI (organizer) (November 2-30, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-11-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300801, "title": "Master Bronzes of India", "description": "<i>Master Bronzes of India</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (September 3-October 10, 1965); William Rockhill Nelson Gallery, Kansas City, MO (October 21-December 19, 1965); The Cleveland Museum of Art (January 19-February 27, 1966); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (October 12-December 11, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-09-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309885, "title": "Sacred India", "description": "<i>Sacred India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1985-January 12, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "<i>Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213005, "title": "The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India", "description": "<i>The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 6-September 14, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222425, "title": "Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India", "description": "<i>Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 11, 2006-February 25, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Art of the United Nations</em>. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 6-Decmber 31, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-11-06T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Sculpture, </em>Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (November 1-December 11, 1949). Cat. no. 11, pl. 157 in <em>Bulletin of Minneapolis Institute of Arts</em>, November 5, 1949.", "opening_date": "1949-11-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Art of Greater India</em>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (March 1-April 16, 1950). Cat. no. 69, pl. 69.", "opening_date": "1950-03-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(C.T. Loo \u76e7\u82b9\u9f4b [1880\u20131957], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["257.30"], "did_you_know": "The trampled figure holds a serpent in his left hand and with his right points up to Shiva.", "description": "One of the most celebrated sculptural forms in the history of Indian art, this elegant and dynamic figure embodies some of Hinduism\u2019s most fundamental tenets. According to Hindu thought, time is cyclical; the world is created, maintained, preserved for a time, then destroyed, only to be created again an infinite number of times. For those Hindus who view Shiva to be the all-powerful creator divinity, he is responsible for both creation and destruction. The ring of fire and the tongue of flame he holds in his left hand refer to destruction, and the drum in his raised right hand refers to the relentless beat of time as it moves inevitably forward. His lower right hand, held up with the palm facing out, signals to his devotees not to be afraid of the impending destruction; they can be liberated from the cycles of birth and death through devotion to him, which he indicates by pointing to his upraised foot. With every step in his dance, he lands on a dwarfish figure personifying ignorance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762150"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.331-nataraja-shiva-as-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard Conley. \u201cNataraja, Lord of the Dance.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 8 (October 1930): 148\u2013151.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 148\u2013151", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137325"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 761", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n137"}, {"citation": "<em>Master Bronzes of India: The Art Institute of Chicago ... [et al]</em>. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 236", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n260"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n259"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 299", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n319"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., \"Eternal Rhythms\" , Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 36 no. 08, October 1996", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-08/page/8"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 146\u2013147", "url": null}, {"citation": "Connell, Timothy C., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. <em>World Art Transparencies</em>. Cincinnati: West Educational Pub, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Acetate 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fichner-Rathus, Lois. <em>Understanding Art</em>. Fifth edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 18- 30, p. 486", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murphey, Rhoads. <em>A History of Asia</em>. 3rd Edition. New York: Longman, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Michell, George. <em>Hindu Art and Architecture</em>. New York: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 114, p. 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 98, pp. 88\u201389, 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Preble, Duane, Sarah Preble, and Patrick Frank. <em>Artforms: An Introduction to the Visual Arts</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 469, p. 324", "url": null}, {"citation": "Getlein, Mark. <em>Gilbert's Living with Art</em>. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 1.9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiero, Gloria K. <em>Prehistory to the Early Modern World</em>. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Fig. 14.2, p. 323", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palmedo, Philip F., and Bill Barrett. <em>Bill Barrett: Evolution of a Sculptor</em>. New York: Hudson Hills, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya. <em>Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India</em>. London, UK: Royal Academy of Arts, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 46\u201347, cat. no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery S. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced. p. 30; Mentioned: p. 116, no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buser, Thomas. <em>Experiencing Art Around Us</em>. Second edition. Australia: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 69, fig. 3-14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiero, Gloria K. <em>Faith, Reason, and Power in the Early Modern World. The Humanistic Tradition</em>. Book 4. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146, fig. 14.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Branfoot, Crispin. \"Processions and Presence: Bronze Sculptures from the Temples of Southern India.\" <em>Arts of Asia </em>vol. 36 no. 6 (2006).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knight. Elizabeth. \"The Art and Science of Chola Bronzes,\" <em>Orientations </em>37, no 8. (2006).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dittmar, Peter. \"Dies gewisse L\u00e4cheln\u2026\" <em>Weltkunst</em> 15 (2006).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M. \"Geometric Means.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 46, no. 5 (May/June 2006): 3\u20137.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-05/page/2/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\"Sacred Bronzes of Southern India.\" <em>The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries</em>. October 2006.", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The persistence of geometry: form, content, and culture in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 116; Reproduced: p. 30, no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Chola. Heilige Bronzen aus S\u00fcdindien\" <em>Weltkunst</em> issue 15, (December 2006)", "page_number": "p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya. <em>Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 1, pp. 46\u201347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Locke, Adrian K. \"Divine Beauty: Sacred Medieval Bronzes from Southern India.\" <em>Minerva</em> vol. 18 no. 1 (January-February 2007).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, fig. 7.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Markbreiter, Robin. \"Asian Art in London at the Royal Academy of Arts.\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> vol. 37 no. 1 (January-February 2007).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 86\u201387", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cothren, Michael W. and Marilyn Stokstad. <em>Art History.</em> Fifth Edition. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc., 2014", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 10-31, p. 322.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 208\u2013209", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya. <em>The Thief Who Stole My Heart: The Material Life of Sacred Bronzes from Chola India, 855-1280. </em>Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 16\u201317", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.331", "images": {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.331/1930.331_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "328531", "filename": "1930.331_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.331/1930.331_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4331593", "filename": "1930.331_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.331/1930.331_full.tif", "width": "4400", "height": "5500", "filesize": "72632996", "filename": "1930.331_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.331/1930.331_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "236515"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.331/1930.331_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3355087"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.331/1930.331_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4400", "height": "5500", "filesize": "72630776"}, "date_created": "2007-03-13T14:52:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.331/1930.331_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "317566"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.331/1930.331_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4183925"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.331/1930.331_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4400", "height": "5500", "filesize": "72633084"}, "date_created": "2007-03-12T18:59:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "6862a3c673d4434a8dc39ced2a5b5720", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/6862a3c673d4434a8dc39ced2a5b5720", "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. & Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 111811, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1000s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Nataraja, Shiva as the King of Dance", "Nataraja: \u015aiva as King of Dance"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:05.768000"}, {"id": 155665, "accession_number": "1991.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Calyx-Krater (Mixing Vessel): Medea in Chariot (A); Telephos with Baby Orestes (B), c. 400 BCE. Near the Policoro Painter (South Italian, Lucanian, active c. 400 BCE). Ceramic; diameter of mouth: 49.9 cm (19 5/8 in.); overall: 50.5 cm (19 7/8 in.); diameter of foot: 22 cm (8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1991.1", "current_location": "102D Pre-Roman", "title": "Red-Figure Calyx-Krater (Mixing Vessel): Medea in Chariot (A); Telephos with Baby Orestes (B)", "creation_date": "c. 400 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -405, "creation_date_latest": -395, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["South Italian, Lucanian"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - South Italy", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of mouth: 49.9 cm (19 5/8 in.); Overall: 50.5 cm (19 7/8 in.); Diameter of foot: 22 cm (8 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.499, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "overall": {"height": 0.505, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.22, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 215185, "title": "Coming of Age in Ancient Greece", "description": "<i>Coming of Age in Ancient Greece</i>. Hood Museum of Art, Hanover, NH (organizer) (August 23-December 5, 2003); Onassis Foundation Cultural Center (January 20-April 15, 2004); The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (May 21-August 1, 2004); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (September 14-December 5, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-08-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217092, "title": "The Art of Ancient Greek Theater", "description": "<i>The Art of Ancient Greek Theater</i>. Getty Villa, Pacific Palisades, CA (August 26, 2010-January 3, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-08-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Wealth of the Ancient World</em>, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, (25 June-18 September 1983); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, (19 October-11 December 1983); Detroit Institute of Arts, (1 February-24 March 1984); and Dallas Museum of Art, (25 April-10 June 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-06-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This vase includes scenes connected to two Athenian tragedies dealing with children\u2014<em>Medea</em> and <em>Telephos</em>.", "description": "The remarkable scene on the front of this vase relates to the famous tragedy <em>Medea</em>, written by Euripides and first produced in Athens in 431 BC. Framed in the center by a halo (recalling her sun god grandfather Helios), the sorceress Medea flies off in a dragon-drawn chariot. Seeking revenge against her husband Jason, leader of the Argonauts, Medea has just slain their two children. Two Furies flank her, while Jason and a distraught nurse and teacher approach the bodies on the altar below. <br><br>A different tragedy unfolds on the other side of the vase, from Euripides\u2019s <em>Telephos</em> (438 BC). The wounded warrior Telephos holds the baby Orestes hostage at an altar, with Agamemnon and Clytemnestra rushing to save their son.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757809"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.1-red-figure-calyx-kra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 1002926", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/90795AFA-989B-46F6-B947-6C1FCB873B49"}, {"citation": "Matheson, Susan B., and J. J. Pollitt. Old Age in Greek and Roman Art.New Haven : Yale University Art Gallery, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 30-31, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae</em> (LIMC), vol. I. Zu\u0308rich: Artemis, 1981.", "page_number": "s.v. Agamemnon, p. 260, no. 14a (O. Touchefeu).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Von Bothmer, Dietrich. <em>Wealth of the Ancient World: The Nelson Bunker Hunt and William Herbert Hunt Collections</em>. Fort Worth, Tex: Kimbell Art Museum, 1983.", "page_number": "pp. 76-79 (cat. 14).", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Apollo </em>117 (June 1983).", "page_number": "pp. 493-95, fig. 7 a-b", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae</em>. 3.1, 3.1. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae : LIMC / Publie\u0301 Par La Fondation Pour Le Lexicon Iconographicum Mithologiae Classicae (LIMC). Zurich: Artemis, 1986.", "page_number": "s.v. Erinyes, p. 837, no. 101 (H. Sarian).", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae </em>1. 1. Zu\u0308rich: Artemis-Verl, 1990.", "page_number": "635, no. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm).<em> The Nelson Bunker Hunt Collection: Highly Important Greek and Roman Coins</em>. 1990.", "page_number": "no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae</em>, vol. V. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae : LIMC / Publie\u0301 Par La Fondation Pour Le Lexicon Iconographicum Mithologiae Classicae (LIMC). Zurich: Artemis, 1990.", "page_number": "s.v. Iason, p. 635, no. 71 (J. Neils).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Acquisitions: 1990.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 2 (1991)", "page_number": "p. 72", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161314"}, {"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H. Art and <em>Myth in Ancient Greece: A Handbook</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1991.", "page_number": "fig. 283", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Ariell\u00e9 P. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 72", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Selected 1991 Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 2 (1992)", "page_number": "p. 76, no. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161350"}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae</em> 2. 2. Zu\u0308rich: Artemis-Verl, 1992.", "page_number": "no. 36, pl. 199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Masterpieces from East and West. </em>New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "pp. 18-19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taplin, Oliver. <em>Comic Angels: And Other Approaches to Greek Drama Through Vase-Paintings</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.", "page_number": "16-17, 22-23, 26, 37-38, 116-17, nos. 1.101 and 1.102", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae</em>, vol. VI. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae : LIMC / Publie\u0301 Par La Fondation Pour Le Lexicon Iconographicum Mithologiae Classicae (LIMC). Zurich: Artemis, 1992.", "page_number": "s.v. Medeia, no. 36, pl. 199 (M. Schmidt).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Aellen, Christian. <em>A la recherche de l'ordre cosmique: forme et fonction des personnifications dans la ce\u0301ramique italiote</em>. Kilchberg/Zu\u0308rich: Akanthus, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 39, n. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae.</em> 7.1, 7.1. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae : LIMC / [Publie\u0301 Par La Fondation Pour Le Lexicon Iconographicum Mithologiae Classicae (LIMC)]. Zurich: Artemis, 1994.", "page_number": "s.v. Telephos, pp. 866-67, no. 59 (M. Strauss).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Easterling, P. E. <em>The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy.</em> 1997.", "page_number": "p. 79, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clauss, James Joseph, and Sarah Iles Johnston. <em>Medea: Essays on Medea in Myth, Literature, Philosophy, and Art. </em>Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1997.", "page_number": "pp. 269-71, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Matheson, Susan B. \"Hounded by Furies.\" <em>Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin</em>, 1997", "page_number": "pp. 23-24, fig. 5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/40514513"}, {"citation": "<em>Open University. An Introduction to the Humanities</em>. Milton Keynes: Open University, 1997.", "page_number": "color plate 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schulze, Harald. Ammen und <em>Pa\u0308dagogen: Sklavinnen und Sklaven als Erzieher in der antiken Kunst und Gesellschaft.</em> Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1998.", "page_number": "no. 1.2, plate 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "March, Jennifer R. <em>Cassell Dictionary of Classical Mythology</em>. London: Cassell, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 245, fig. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "F. de Angelis, \"Tragedie familiari. Mitigreci nell'arte sepolcrale etrusca,\" Palila 6 (1999).", "page_number": "pp. 63-64, figs. 13-14", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Angelis, Francesco, and Tonio Ho\u0308lscher.<em> Im Spiegel des Mythos: Bilderwelt und Lebenswelt : Symposium, Rom 19. - 20. Februar 1998 = Lo specchio del mito. </em>Wiesbaden: Reichert, 1999.", "page_number": "fig. 13-14, p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Young-Sanchez, Margaret, \"A Royal Plaque\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 07, September 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-07/page/8"}, {"citation": "Hardwick, N. 1999. \"A Triglyph Altar of Corinthian Type in a Scene of Medea on a Lucanian Calyx-Krater in Cleveland,\" <em>Quaderni ticinesi di numismatica e antichita classiche, </em>vol. 28, pp. 179-201.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Euripides, and John Harrison. <em>Medea</em>. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer, and Gisela Walberg. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, OH]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 48-49, pl. 89-91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Stephen L., and Gloria Platzner.<em> Classical Mythology: Images and Insights. </em>Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 801, fig. 17-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foley, Helene P. <em>Female Acts in Greek Tragedy</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Book Jacket", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kocur, Miros\u00b7law. <em>Teatr Antycznej Grecji</em>. Wroc\u00b7law: Wydawn. Uniw. Wroc\u00b7lawskiego, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 306", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cartledge, Paul.<em> The Cambridge Illustrated History of Ancient Greece. </em>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "pp. 246-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bertrand, Jean-Marie. L<em>a violence dans les mondes grec et romain: actes du colloque international, Paris, 2-4 mai 2002</em>. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2005.", "page_number": "pp. 48-49, fig. 2A%B", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer, John Howard Oakley, Katherine Hart, and Lesley A. Beaumont. <em>Coming of Age in Ancient Greece: Images of Childhood from the Classical Past. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press in association with the Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, 2003.", "page_number": "fig. 17, pp. 23, 217-218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Small, Jocelyn Penny. <em>The Parallel Worlds of Classical Art and Text.</em> Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003.", "page_number": "cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bianchi, Olivier, Olivier The\u0301venaz, and Philippe Mudry. <em>Conceptions et repre\u0301sentations de l'extraordinaire dans le monde antique: actes du colloque international, Lausanne, 20-22 mars 2003.</em> Bern: Lang, 2004.", "page_number": "fig. 1, p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer, John Howard Oakley, Christine Kondoleon, and Katherine Hart. <em>Striving for Excellence: Ancient Greek Childhood and the Olympic Spirit. </em>2004.", "page_number": "p. 29, fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pache, Corinne Ondine. <em>Baby and Child Heroes in Ancient Greece. </em>Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 27, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, John Russell. <em>The Oxford Illustrated History of Theatre</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Storey, Ian Christopher, and Arlene Allan. <em>A Guide to Ancient Greek Drama.</em> Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 152, fig. 2.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Revermann, M. 2005. \"The 'Cleveland Medea' Calyx Crater and the Iconography of Ancient Greek Theatre,\" <em>Theatre Research International</em>, vol. 30.1, pp. 3-18.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Taplin, Oliver. <em>Pots &amp; Plays: Interactions between Tragedy and Greek Vase-Painting of the Fourth Century B.C.</em> Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 122-123 (cat. 35), 207 (cat. 76).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ankarloo, Bengt. <em>Satans raseri: en sannfa\u0308rdig bera\u0308ttelse om det stora ha\u0308xova\u0308sendet i Sverige och omgivande la\u0308nder. </em>Stockholm: Ordfront, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 161, color plate 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldhill, Simon. <em>How to Stage Greek Tragedy Today.</em> Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 22, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oakley, John H. \"Child Heroes in Greek Art,\" in Albersmeier, Sabine, and Michael J. Anderson (Eds.). <em>Heroes: Mortals and Myths in Ancient Greece.</em> (Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2009): 66-87.", "page_number": "See pp. 73, 77-78, figs. 40, 47.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hart, Mary Louise, and J. Michael Walton. <em>The Art of Ancient Greek Theater. </em>Los Angeles, Calif: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2010.", "page_number": "cat. no. 27, p. 72-73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buxton, Richard. <em>How Medea Moves: Versions of a Myth in Apollonius and Elsewhere. </em>London: Legenda, 2010.", "page_number": "p. 34, fig. 2.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Todisco, Luigi, and Giuseppina Gadaleta. <em>La ceramica a figure rosse della Magna Grecia e della Sicilia. </em>Roma: \"L'Erma\" di Bretschneider, 2012.", "page_number": "Tav 19, p. 299, 1 & 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Stephen L., and Gloria Platzner. C<em>lassical Mythology: Images and Insights. </em>2012.", "page_number": "p. 776, fig. 17-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buxton, R. G. A. <em>Myths and Tragedies in Their Ancient Greek Contexts</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "p. 115, fig. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 82", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fortenberry, Diane and Rebecca Morrill. <em>Flying Too Close to the Sun: Myths in Art from Classical to Contemporary</em>. London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunand, Franc\u0327oise. C<em>orps Vivants des Dieux: Les Statues Anime\u0301es dans le Monde Me\u0301diterrane\u0301en Antique</em>. Paris: E\u0301ditions Picard, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139, fig. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Craig Jendza. <em>Paracomedy: Appropriations of Comedy in Greek Tragedy.</em> 2020. New York: Oxford University Press.", "page_number": "Cover image (side B).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Luckow, Almuth, and William Blake. Die Gottesbilder des William Blake: Kunst und Philosophie. Darmstadt : WBG Academic, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 292-293, Abb. 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H. Art and Myth in Ancient Greece. 2021. 238-239.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; pp. 238-239, fig. 235.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_web.jpg", "width": "838", "height": "900", "filesize": "278182", "filename": "1991.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_print.jpg", "width": "3165", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1906813", "filename": "1991.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "5363", "filesize": "80350748", "filename": "1991.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "852", "height": "900", "filesize": "248616"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3220", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1635480"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4876", "height": "5148", "filesize": "75339320"}, "date_created": "2010-01-05T13:53:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "849", "height": "900", "filesize": "261033"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3208", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1762800"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4649", "height": "4928", "filesize": "68765032"}, "date_created": "2010-01-05T14:58:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "839", "height": "900", "filesize": "236815"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3171", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1545700"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4827", "height": "5175", "filesize": "74973192"}, "date_created": "2010-01-05T14:33:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "729", "height": "900", "filesize": "389729"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2753", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2572769"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6165", "filesize": "92365688"}, "date_created": "2010-01-05T13:28:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "900", "filesize": "358429"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2506", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2406345"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4839", "height": "6564", "filesize": "95326832"}, "date_created": "2010-01-05T13:20:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "419915"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2891380"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99898132"}, "date_created": "2010-01-05T13:17:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "273691"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1921269"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.1/1991.1_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99894896"}, "date_created": "2010-01-05T13:13:16", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155665, "creators": [{"id": 10735, "description": "Policoro Painter (South Italian, Lucanian, active c. 400 BCE)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "near the", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-03-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -405, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 400 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:05:15.037000"}, {"id": 122338, "accession_number": "1942.635", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Annunciation, c. 1480. Albert Bouts (Netherlandish, 1451/55\u20131549). Oil on wood; framed: 75.2 x 69 x 8.5 cm (29 5/8 x 27 3/16 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 50.2 x 41.5 cm (19 3/4 x 16 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.635", "current_location": "112 Northern Renaissance", "title": "The Annunciation", "creation_date": "c. 1480", "creation_date_earliest": 1475, "creation_date_latest": 1485, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands, Leuven, 15th century"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 75.2 x 69 x 8.5 cm (29 5/8 x 27 3/16 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 50.2 x 41.5 cm (19 3/4 x 16 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.752, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.69, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.085, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.502, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.415, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355504, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Texture in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Texture in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 6-December 8, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-10-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311953, "title": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts", "description": "<i>Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30-November 13, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518197, "title": "Masterpieces of Flemish Art: Van Eyck to Bosch", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Flemish Art: Van Eyck to Bosch</i>. Groeningemuseum, Bruges, Bruges, Belgium (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 26-September 11, 1960); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (co-organizer) (October 18-December 31, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 449397, "title": "The Medieval Top Seller: The Book of Hours", "description": "<i>The Medieval Top Seller: The Book of Hours</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26, 2022-July 30, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-08-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Old and Modern Masters, </em>Knoedler &amp; Co., Gage Gallery, Cleveland, OH (1915).", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Art Through the Ages, </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 30 1931-November 29 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The 20th Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibition of the Great Lakes Exposition, </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 26 193-October 12 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art, </em>New York World's Fair, New York, NY (April 30, 1939-October 27, 1940).", "opening_date": "1939-04-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs,</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-March 7, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Le Sie\u0300cle des Primitifs Flamands (Flanders in the Fifteenth Century): Exposition Organise\u0301e par l'Administration Communale de Bruges</em>; Muse\u0301e Communal des Beaux-Arts, Muse\u0301e Groeninge, (26 June-11 September 1960); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan (October-December 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-06-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Graf Sierstorpff, Driburg, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "[Sale: Rudolph Lepke's Kunst-Auctions-Haus, April 19, 1887, Berlin Germany, no. 106]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 19, 1887", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Eugen Schweitzer (1888\u20131981), Berlin, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1912", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Company, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1915", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "John L. Severance (1863-1936), Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1915-1942", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Netherlandish artists are known for their attention to lifelike detail: notice the sliver of landscape through the window at the left of this composition.", "description": "The scene of the Annunciation to Mary that she will give birth to Christ is depicted here as a contemporary scene that may have been familiar to any viewer at the end of the 1400s. Mary is portrayed as an ordinary but wealthy woman who is interrupted by the Archangel Gabriel as she reads a book of hours. This type of book was enormously popular in the late Middle Ages as a prayer and devotional book, particularly among the wealthy, literate nobility, and city aristocracy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514797"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.635-the-annunciation"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rudolph Lepke's Kunst-Auctions-Haus. <em>Gema\u0308lde-Galerie vom Schlosse Driburg</em>. 1887.", "page_number": "no. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hulin de Loo, Georges. <em>Catalogue critique: exposition de tableaux flamands des XIVe, XVe et XVIe sie\u0300cles</em> : Bruges 1902. Gand: Siffer, 1902.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Gets a Corot,\" <em>American Art News</em>, Vol. 13, No. 33. (June 12, 1915).", "page_number": "p. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25588625"}, {"citation": "Alte Pinakothek (Munich, Germany). <em>Katalog der a\u0308lteren Pinakothek zu Mu\u0308nchen</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Carl Gerber, 1925.", "page_number": "p. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baldass, Ludwig. <em>Die altniederla\u0308ndische Malerei.</em> Wien: A. Schroll, 1925.", "page_number": "Vol. III, no. 44a. p. 115. pl. LI", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alte Pinakothek (Munich, Germany).<em> Illustrated catalogue, Old Pinakothek, Munich</em>. Munich: Alte Pinakothek, 1928.", "page_number": "p. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "no. 185, p. 78, pl. XLIII", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Art News </em>Vol. 34 pt. 2 (June 13, 1936)", "page_number": "p. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robb, David M. \"The Iconography of the Annunciation in the 14th and 15th Centuries,\" <em>Art Bulletin </em>Vol. XVIII (1936).", "page_number": "p. 513n, note 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Buttrick, George A. Rev. \"The Life of Christ,\" <em>Life Magazine </em>(December 28, 1936).", "page_number": "p. 45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Art Digest,</em> (July 1, 1936).", "page_number": "p. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Fortune Magazine </em>(Dec. 1936).", "page_number": "p. 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Scho\u0308ne, Wolfgang. <em>Dieric Bouts und seine Schule.</em> Mit 90 Bildtafeln. Berlin: Verlag fu\u0308r Kunstwissenschaft, 1938.", "page_number": "no. 84a, pp. 116, 148-9, 191, pl. 54b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "New York World's Fair, Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner, and Alfred M. Frankfurter. <em>Masterpieces of Art: Exhibition at the New York World's Fair, 1939</em>; Official Souvenir Guide and Picture Book. 1939.", "page_number": "no. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "New York World's Fair, George Henry McCall, and Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner. <em>Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture from 1300-1800</em>. [New York]: [Printed by Publishers Printing Company], 1939.", "page_number": "pp. 12-13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken<em>. Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs; The Cleveland Museum of Art, February 7 Through March 7, 1940.</em> 1940.", "page_number": "no. 1, p. 7, pl. I (frontispiece)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [11], Plate I, cat. no. 1; Mention: p. 21, cat. no. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n25"}, {"citation": "<em>Art News </em>(Nov. 15, 1942)", "page_number": "p. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Installs Last Gifts of Generous John L. Severance,\" <em>Art Digest,</em> (December 1, 1942).", "page_number": "p. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Department of Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 29, no. 9 (1942).", "page_number": "p. 132", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "\"The Cleveland Museum's Severance Collection,\" <em>Antiques </em>Vol. 42 (December 1942).", "page_number": "p. 315", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Comstock, Helen. \"The John L. Severance Collection at Cleveland.\" <em>Connoisseur </em>Vol. III (March 1943).", "page_number": "p. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 438", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n80"}, {"citation": "Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, and Johann Eckart von Borries. <em>Meisterwerke aus baden-wu\u0308rttembergischem Privatbesitz</em>: [Ausstellung] 9. Okt. 1958-10. Jan. 1959. [Stuttgart]: [publisher not identified], 1958.", "page_number": "p. 17, cat. no. 19, pl. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bruges (Belgium), Groeningemuseum, and Detroit Institute of Arts. <em>Le Sie\u0300cle des primitifs flamands: catalogue. Bruges: Edite\u0301 par la Ville de Bruges</em> et imprime\u0301 par les Presses Saint-Augustin, 1960.", "page_number": "no. 32, pp. 94-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. <em>Flanders in the Fifteenth Century: Art and Civilization. Catalogue of the Exhibition Masterpieces of Flemish Art: Van Eyck to Bosch</em>. 1960.", "page_number": "no. 28, pp. 135-7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n93"}, {"citation": "Friedla\u0308nder, Max J. <em>Dieric Bouts and Joos Van Gent.</em> Leyden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1968.", "page_number": "p. 39, 65, pl. 60, fig. 44a", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n93"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings Before 1500</em>. Cleveland: The Museum, 1974. .", "page_number": "cat. no. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n98"}, {"citation": "Alte Pinakothek (Munich, Germany).<em> Alte Pinakothek Mu\u0308nchen: Erla\u0308uterungen zu den ausgestellten Gema\u0308lden. </em>Mu\u0308nchen: Bayerische Staatsgema\u0308ldesammlungen, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 88", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bauman, Guy, and Walter A. Liedtke. <em>Flemish Paintings in America: A Survey of Early Netherlandish and Flemish Paintings in the Public Collections of North America</em>. Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 318, fig. 119", "url": ""}, {"citation": "S\u030cebkova\u0301-Thaller, Zuzana.<em> Su\u0308nde und Verso\u0308hnung in Jan van Eycks Hochzeitsbild.</em> Markt Berolzheim: Hernoul-le-Fin Verlag, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 182, pl. 90, no. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The persistence of geometry: form, content, and culture in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "pp. 45 & 116, no. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel. <em>A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages.</em> Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 52, fig 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 277; Reproduced: P. 256-257", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952/page/n23/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.635", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.635/1942.635_web.jpg", "width": "739", "height": "893", "filesize": "573528", "filename": "1942.635_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.635/1942.635_print.jpg", "width": "2815", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7472284", "filename": "1942.635_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.635/1942.635_full.tif", "width": "5027", "height": "6072", "filesize": "91592896", "filename": "1942.635_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Lucia Smith Nash Gallery", "athena_id": 122338, "creators": [{"id": 2535, "description": "Albert Bouts (Netherlandish, 1451/55\u20131549)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1451", "death_year": "1549", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1480", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:17:57.936000"}, {"id": 123985, "accession_number": "1944.485", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Wade Cup with Animated Script, 1200\u20131221. Iran, Seljuq period of Iran (1037\u20131194). Brass inlaid with silver; overall: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.); diameter: 16.1 cm (6 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.485", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "The Wade Cup with Animated Script", "creation_date": "1200\u20131221", "creation_date_earliest": 1200, "creation_date_latest": 1221, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Seljuq period of Iran (1037\u20131194)"], "technique": "brass inlaid with silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.); Diameter: 16.1 cm (6 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.161, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "overall": {"height": 0.115, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Glory, and success, and government, and bliss, and soundness, and peace of mind, and mercy, and well-being, and good health, and duration, and increase, and satisfaction, and care, and continuance to its owner.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The band of animated Arabic script, written from right to left around the rim of the cup, is a series of good wishes for the owner.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312146, "title": "Islamic Art", "description": "<i>Islamic Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1944-February 2, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-11-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312068, "title": "For Modern America from the Ancient Near East", "description": "<i>For Modern America from the Ancient Near East</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-March 21, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701409, "title": "Exhibition of Persian Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Persian Art</i>. Italian Institute for the Middle and Far East, Rome, Italy (organizer) (May 31-September 30, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518751, "title": "The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran", "description": "<i>The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (October 19, 1961-January 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131944", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is known as the Wade Cup, after J. H. Wade who bequeathed the funds for its acquisition", "description": "The highlight of the cup\u2019s decoration is the inscription around the rim, which you see on the walls around you, with letters composed of human figures, animals, and birds. This is known as animated script and it developed in northeast Iran or Afghanistan during the mid-1100s and migrated westward. The inscription on the rim of the Wade Cup is the pinnacle of this form of script with its full-figure animation. The body of the cup is covered with interlacing bands of compartments containing tiny figures of humans and animals. These represent the 12 signs of the zodiac from astrology, the practice of interpreting the influence of planets and stars on earthly affairs. Astrology began in Mesopotamia, was adopted by the Greeks, and then absorbed into medieval Islamic culture through translations of Greek texts.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757781"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.485-the-wade-cup-with-an"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rice, D. S. <em>The Wade Cup in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Paris: E\u0301ditions du Che\u0302ne, 1955.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ettinghausen, Richard. \u201cThe \u2018Wade Cup\u2019 in the Cleveland Museum of Art, Its Origin and Decorations.\u201d <em>Ars Orientalis</em>, vol. 2, 1957, pp. 327\u2013366.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 327\u2013366", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/4629041"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 708", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n129"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n233"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n233"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n285"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 73, p. 118; Reproduced: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 102-103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blair, Sheila. <em>Text and Image in Medieval Persian Art</em>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107, note 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. <em>Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th-21st Century</em>. Cleveland; New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned : P. 33, fig. 1.17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schick, Irvin Cemil. \"The Content of Form: Islamic Calligraphy between Text and Representation.\" In <em>Sign and Design: Script as Image in a Cross-Cultural Perspective (300-1600 CE) (Symposium).</em> Brigitte Bedos-Rezak, and Jeffrey F. Hamburger, eds., 173-194. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177, fig. 9.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strong, Meghan E. \u201cArt of the Islamic World.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 3 (Summer 2021): 28-30.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 30.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mu\u0308hlemann, Corinne. <em>Complex Weaves: Technique, Text, and Cultural History of Striped Silks</em>. Affalterbach: Didymos-Verlag, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 78\u201379, figs. 41\u201342", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.485", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.485/1944.485_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "794", "filesize": "177329", "filename": "1944.485_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.485/1944.485_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3000", "filesize": "2112869", "filename": "1944.485_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.485/1944.485_full.tif", "width": "6853", "height": "6046", "filesize": "124327692", "filename": "1944.485_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.485/1944.485_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "794", "filesize": "170783"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.485/1944.485_alt0_print.jpg", 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""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.485/1944.485_alt14_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "833", "filesize": "643998"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.485/1944.485_alt14_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2243", "filesize": "4925440"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.485/1944.485_alt14_full.tif", "width": "4238", "height": "2796", "filesize": "35576424"}, "date_created": "2010-03-25T18:50:01", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "4d4dfba6506d40b09b7eb34c642afab7", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/4d4dfba6506d40b09b7eb34c642afab7", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123985, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-12-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1200\u20131221", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Silver Inlaid Brass Bowl", "The Wade Cup", "Footed Bowl"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:53.542000"}, {"id": 149665, "accession_number": "1979.57", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ruin by the Sea, 1881. Arnold B\u00f6cklin (Swiss, 1827\u20131901). Oil on fabric; framed: 132.1 x 102.9 x 8.3 cm (52 x 40 1/2 x 3 1/4 in.); unframed: 111 x 82 cm (43 11/16 x 32 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1979.57", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "Ruin by the Sea", "creation_date": "1881", "creation_date_earliest": 1881, "creation_date_latest": 1881, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Switzerland"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 132.1 x 102.9 x 8.3 cm (52 x 40 1/2 x 3 1/4 in.); Unframed: 111 x 82 cm (43 11/16 x 32 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.321, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.029, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 1.11, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.82, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: A B \r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1979</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 191818, "title": "Object in Focus: Ruin by the Sea by Arnold B\u00f6cklin", "description": "<i>Object in Focus: Ruin by the Sea by Arnold B\u00f6cklin</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 9-March 14, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223530, "title": "Hitchcock and Art: Fatal Coincidences", "description": "<i>Hitchcock and Art: Fatal Coincidences</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (November 16, 2000-March 18, 2001); Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris cedex O4, France (June 6-September 24, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-11-16T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Basel, Kunsthalle. Erinnerung an die Ausstellung Schweizerischer K\u00fcnstler (1883), 3, 4, Ruine am Meer (repr.).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Berlin, K\u00f6nigliche Akademie der K\u00fcnste. Ausstellung von Wercken Arnold B\u00f6cklins zur Feier seines 70. Geburtstages (1897-98), no. 74.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Darmstadt, Mathildenh\u00f6he. Arnold B\u00f6cklin 1827-1901 (1977), no. 65 (repr.); private collection, Z\u00fcrich.", "opening_date": "1977-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, Fischer Fine Art Ltd. 1860-1910 Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture (1979), unpaginated, Ruine am Meer (1881) (repr.).", "opening_date": "1979-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 9 - March 14, 1999.  \"Object in Focus:  Ruin by the Sea by Arnold B\u00f6cklin.\"", "opening_date": "1999-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montreal, Quebec: The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (11/16/00 - 4/16/01); Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou (6/6/01 - 9/30/01) \"Hitchcock and Art: Fatal Coincidences\" repr. p. 315.", "opening_date": "2000-11-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "C. Wetter-R\u00fcsch, St. Gallen, by 1893. Hermann Nabel, Berlin 1897. Kunsthandel Eduard Schulte, Berlin 1902. E. Junghanns, Schramberg. Paul Landenberger Jr., Schramberg. Z\u00fcrich sale, Max G. Bollag, 23 March 1933 (lot 107), Ruine am Meer, reproduced. Private collection, Z\u00fcrich. Fischer Fine Art, London. Purchased by the cma on 17 August 1979.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Who used to live in this crumbling villa on a lonely shore? B\u00f6cklin's eerie painting seems to beg the question of the building's history and the circumstances of its ruin. Haunted by the past, this scene also contains premonitions of future peril.", "description": "The dark, ruined villa in this painting is made especially mysterious by the strange cypress trees tossed by the wind. A nervous green light flickers through the scene. Influenced by German Romantic art of the early 1800s, B\u00f6cklin was preoccupied with dreamlike images suggestive of death.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19930785"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.57-ruin-by-the-sea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 3 (1980): 58-99.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 19, p. 74; Mentioned: p. 61", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 34-37, Vol. I, no. 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.84; Reproduced: p. 85", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.57", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.57/1979.57_web.jpg", "width": "656", "height": "893", "filesize": "369514", "filename": "1979.57_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.57/1979.57_print.jpg", "width": "2498", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5722020", "filename": "1979.57_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.57/1979.57_full.tif", "width": "4282", "height": "5829", "filesize": "74910864", "filename": "1979.57_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 149665, "creators": [{"id": 2775, "description": "Arnold B\u00f6cklin (Swiss, 1827\u20131901)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "In 1845 Arnold B\u00f6cklin enrolled for two years at the D\u00fcsseldorf academy in the landscape class of Johann Wilhelm Schirmer (1807-1863). B\u00f6cklin traveled to Brussels and Antwerp, where he admired Flemish paintings, and then continued his studies with the landscape painter Alexandre Calame (1810-1864) in Geneva. In Paris during the tumultuous February and June Revolutions of 1848, B\u00f6cklin copied Old Master paintings at the Louvre. Couture's (q.v.) Romans of the Decadence (1847, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris) made a strong impression on him, as did Corot's (q.v.) atmospheric treat-ment of landscapes. After a short stay in Basel, B\u00f6cklin moved to Rome in 1850 and married Angela Pascucci three years later. In 1857 he returned via Basel to Hannover, where he decorated the dining room in the Wedekind mansion (1858). He hoped this commission would relieve his financial burdens, but Wedekind was far from pleased with the result. B\u00f6cklin's first major success occurred when he exhibited Pan in the Reeds (Bayerische Staatsgem\u00e4ldesammlungen, Munich) in 1859 in Munich. King Ludwig I bought the work, and soon after B\u00f6cklin started teaching in Weimar (1860-62). In Munich he met Baron von Schack, who became one of his most important supporters. From 1862 through 1866 he lived in Rome and while there was in touch with Anselm Feuerbach (1829-1880) and Hans von Mar\u00e9es (1837-1887). The trio formed the nucleus of the late-nineteenth-century \"Deutschr\u00f6mer\" (German Romans) who continued a tradition of German artists working in Italy using a classical vocabulary. B\u00f6cklin moved repeatedly, living in Basel (1866-71), Munich (1871-74), Florence (1874-85), and Zurich (1885-92) until he finally settled in Florence in 1892. In Basel he painted the murals for the Museum an der Augustinergasse (1868-70); Jacob Burckhardt's criticism of these works ended their close friendship. At the end of his career he had built a solid reputation and was praised as a distinctively German artist. His seven-tieth birthday was celebrated with exhibitions in Basel and Berlin. With other movements such as impressionism and modernism taking over, however, the esteem for his art soon diminished after his death in 1901. Except for the attention of artists like Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978) and other surrealists, recognition of B\u00f6cklin's work did not reappear until the second half of the twentieth century. (For a self-portrait of B\u00f6cklin, see Blanche, fig. 11a.)", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1827", "death_year": "1901", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-08-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1881, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1881", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:42:45.477000"}, {"id": 171296, "accession_number": "2014.12", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vale of Kashmir, 1867. Robert S. Duncanson (American, 1821\u20131872). Oil on canvas; framed: 94.9 x 154.6 x 12.1 cm (37 3/8 x 60 7/8 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 73 x 132.4 cm (28 3/4 x 52 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Sundry Purchase Fund, 2014.12", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "Vale of Kashmir", "creation_date": "1867", "creation_date_earliest": 1867, "creation_date_latest": 1867, "artists_tags": ["male", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 94.9 x 154.6 x 12.1 cm (37 3/8 x 60 7/8 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 73 x 132.4 cm (28 3/4 x 52 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.949, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.546, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.121, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.73, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.324, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed at lower right: Duncanson. / 1867. / Cinti O", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Robert S. Duncanson: A Centennial Exhibition, Cincinnati Art Museum, March 16-April 30, 1972.", "opening_date": "1972-03-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Paintings from the Manoogian Collection.</em> National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (June 4-September 4, 1989); M.H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, CA (September 23-November 26, 1989); Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (December 18, 1989-February 25, 1990); Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (March 27-May 27, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-06-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Lifting the Veil: Robert S. Duncanson and the Emergence of the African American Artist. </em>Cincinnati Art Museum and Taft Museum, Cincinnati, OH (September 15--November 26, 1995); Washington University Gallery of Art, St. Louis, MO (January 26--March 31, 1996); Amon Carter Museum, Ft. Worth,TX (April 20--June 16, 1996); Hammonds House Gardens and Clark Atlanta University Art Gallery, Atlanta, GA (July 19--September 15, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-11-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Long Term Loan. Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 2007-June 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Bold, Cautious, True: Walt Whitman and the American Art of the Civil War Era. </em>The Dixon Gallery and Gardens, Memphis, TN (July 5-October 4, 2009); Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, NY (October 18, 2009-January 24, 2010); The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (June 2-August 26, 2012).", "opening_date": "2009-07-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Long Term Loan. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (December 12, 2012-January 2014).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Andrew Nicholas Jergens [1881\u20131967], Cincinnati, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Elizabeth Marie Jergens [born 1950], Los Angeles, CA, by inheritance", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "[Spanierman Gallery, New York, NY, consigned by 1980]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Richard Manoogian [born 1936] and Jane Cameron Manoogian [born 1943], Grosse Pointe Park, MI, purchased in 1980", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "[Jonathan Boos, New York, NY, consigned in 2014]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, purchased in 2014", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "During the Civil War, Duncanson relocated to Montreal, where he inspired several Canadian landscape painters.", "description": "Cincinnati-based Duncanson was the first African American artist to achieve recognition both nationally and abroad. This panoramic painting, one of his grandest, was inspired by an episode in Thomas Moore\u2019s then-popular epic poem, <em>Lalla-Rookh</em> (1817), which describes a Persian princess\u2019s journey to the Indian subcontinent to be married. In Duncanson\u2019s conception, members of a courtly entourage depart a quasi-Islamic palace, arriving by boat onto a scrim of land where they ascend a monumental staircase to a plaza with a fountain spraying an impressive plume of water. Despite these substantial storytelling details, the human elements remain subordinate to the overwhelming splendor of the natural landscape in and of itself.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482409"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2014.12-vale-of-kashmir"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Robert S. Duncanson: A Centennial Exhibition</em>. Cincinnati, OH : Cincinnati Art Museum, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, 40; Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cederholm, Theresa Dickason. <em>Afro-American Artists; a Bio-Bibliographical Directory</em>. Boston, MA: Trustees of the Boston Public Library, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manoogian, Richard A. <em>American Paintings from the Manoogian Collection</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomison, Dennis. <em>The Black Artist in America: An Index to Reproductions</em>. Metuchen, NJ.: Scarecrow Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ketner, Joseph D. <em>The Emergence of the African-American Artist: Robert S. Duncanson, 1821-1872</em>. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8, 162-163, 202; Reproduced: cover, p. 130-131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Katz, Wendy Jean. <em>Regionalism and Reform: Art and Class Formation in Antebellum Cincinnati</em>. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 130, 134; Reproduced: p. 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sharp, Kevin, Adam M. Thomas, and Kevin Sharp. <em>Bold, Cautious, True: Walt Whitman and American Art of the Civil War Era</em>. Memphis, TN: Dixon Gallery and Gardens, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153-157; Reproduced:  p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Artistic Excellence: Acquisitions 2012-14</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \u201cAcquisition Highlights 2014: American Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 2 (March/April 2015): 18.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-02"}, {"citation": "Betjemann, Peter. \"The Ends of Time.\" <em>American Art </em>31, no. 3 (Fall 2017): 80-109", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 94-98, fig. 6-8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal </em>(Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ware, Zaria. Blk Art: The Audacious Legacy of Black Artists and Models in Western Art. New York, NY : Harper Design, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142-143", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2014.12", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.12/2014.12_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "492", "filesize": "128201", "filename": "2014.12_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.12/2014.12_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1857", "filesize": "1691459", "filename": "2014.12_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.12/2014.12_full.tif", "width": "7795", "height": "4258", "filesize": "99603184", "filename": "2014.12_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.12/2014.12_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "151363"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.12/2014.12_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2109193"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.12/2014.12_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144030116"}, "date_created": "2014-07-15T09:30:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.12/2014.12_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "595", "filesize": "180576"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.12/2014.12_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2249", "filesize": "1760569"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2014.12/2014.12_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "5292", "filesize": "127046388"}, "date_created": "2014-07-15T10:04:44", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Sundry Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 171296, "creators": [{"id": 2605, "description": "Robert S. Duncanson (American, 1821\u20131872)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1821", "death_year": "1872", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2014-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1867, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1867", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:48:07.545000"}, {"id": 148753, "accession_number": "1926.1976", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Violette Heymann, 1910. Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916). Pastel on gray wove paper; unframed: 72 x 92 cm (28 3/8 x 36 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1926.1976", "current_location": null, "title": "Violette Heymann", "creation_date": "1910", "creation_date_earliest": 1910, "creation_date_latest": 1910, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, early 20th Century"], "technique": "pastel on gray wove paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Unframed: 72 x 92 cm (28 3/8 x 36 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.72, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.92, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616624, "title": "Fifty Years of French Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of French Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 29-November 29, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-10-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355481, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: The Floral Motif in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: The Floral Motif in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29-September 30, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311904, "title": "Odilon Redon (1840-1916): Pastels and Drawings", "description": "<i>Odilon Redon (1840-1916): Pastels and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 29, 1951-January 20, 1952); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (February 1-March 1, 1952).", "opening_date": "1951-10-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300822, "title": "Horticulture Motifs in Art", "description": "<i>Horticulture Motifs in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 9-April 24, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-03-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309840, "title": "Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones", "description": "<i>Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 21-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202597, "title": "Imagining the Garden", "description": "<i>Imagining the Garden</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2015-March 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283693, "title": "Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 393854, "title": "Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon", "description": "<i>Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2021-January 23, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exposition annuelle, 1er groupe. Galerie E. Druet, Paris (December 4 - 17, 1910).", "opening_date": "1910-12-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Exposition r\u00e9trospective d'oeuvres d'Odilon Redon (1840-1916). Galerie Barbazanges, Paris (May - June 1920).", "opening_date": "1920-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Odilon Redon: Exposition r\u00e9trospective de son oeuvre. Mus\u00e9e des arts d\u00e9coratifs, Paris (March 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paintings and Pastels by Odilon Redon. Lef\u00e8vre Galleries, London (June - July 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fifty Years of French Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 29 - November 28, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-10-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marcel Kapferer [1872-1966], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1910-1926", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Kraushaar Gallery, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1886.1926", "1976.1926"], "did_you_know": "This pastel was acquired by the Cleveland Museum of Art in the same year as several other works by Redon, leading arts writers to describe Cleveland as holding the most important works by the artist outside of Paris at the time.", "description": "Although he was known early in his career for works primarily in black and white, such as charcoal drawings and lithographs, Odilon Redon turned to more colorful media, including pastel, later on. In particular, he focused on commissioned pastel portraits of women with flowers, such as this one. Here, the young niece of the Parisian collector Marcel Kapferer appears alongside colorful blossoms as she looks forward, focused as if in the dreamlike state evoked by her surroundings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117066460"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.1976-violette-heymann"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Exposition Annuelle, 1er Groupe</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Galerie E. Druet, 1910.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmon, Andr\u00e9. \"Odilon Redon.\" <em>L'Art d\u00e9coratif</em> 15, no. 1 (1913): 5-21.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition r\u00e9trospective d'oeuvres d'Odilon Redon (1840-1916)</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Galerie Barbazanges, 1920.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mellerio, Andr\u00e9. \"Odilon Redon (1840-1916).\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> 62 (1920): 137-156.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rey, Robert. \"Odilon Redon.\" <em>Art et Decoration</em> 38, no. 224 (1920): 36-45.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mellerio, Andr\u00e9. <em>Odilon Redon: peintre, dessinateur et graveur</em>. Paris: H. Floury, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 136; Reproduced: opposite p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Furst, Herbert. \"Paintings and Pastels by Odilon Redon at the L\u00e9f\u00e8vre Galleries, King Street.\" <em>Apollo</em> 4, no. 19 (July 1926): 46.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Odilon Redon, exposition r\u00e9trospective de son oeuvre</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e des arts d\u00e9coratifs, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17, no. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Karr, Benjamin. \"Notable Painting Added to Art Museum's Display.\" <em>Cleveland News</em> (December 19, 1926): n.p.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glasier, Jessie C. \"Museum Gets Another French Canvas.\" <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer</em> (December 19, 1926): n.p.", "page_number": "Mentioned.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings and Pastels by Odilon Redon</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Lef\u00e8vre Galleries, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum Buys a Redon.\" <em>The Art News</em> (January 1, 1927): 1-2.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 1-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "W.M.M. \"'Portrait of Mademoiselle Violette H.' by Odilon Redon.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>14, no. 3 (March 1927): 41, 47.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41; Reproduced p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Dorival, Bernard. <em>La Peinture fran\u00e7aise. </em>Paris: Larousse, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opposite p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jewell, Edward Alden and Aim\u00e9e Crane. <em>French Impressionists and their Contemporaries Represented in American Collections</em>. New York: Hyperion Press, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n47"}, {"citation": "Bazin, Germain. <em>History of Modern Painting</em>. Trans. Rosamund Frost (New York: Hyperion Press, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hartlaub, G.F. <em>Impressionists in France</em>. Milan: Uffici Press, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Odilon Redon, 1840-1916</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seligman, Germain. <em>Oh! Fickle Taste: Objectivity in Art</em>. New York: B. Wheelwright, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Klaus. \"The Pastels of Odilon Redon.\" <em>College Art Journal</em> 16, no. 1 (Autumn 1956): 23-33.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Post-Impressionism from Van Gogh to Gauguin</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Colombo, Alfredo and Gaston Diehl. <em>Treasury of World Painting</em>. New York: Tudor, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Awazu, Norio. \"Redon's Letters: Letters to Redon (IV).\" <em>Mizue</em>, no. 721 (March 1965): 73-77.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Klaus. <em>Odilon Redon: Fantasy and Colour</em>. Trans. Michael Bullock. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 212, no. 406", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n204"}, {"citation": "<em>I Maestri del Colore: Redon</em>. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. VI-VII", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n204"}, {"citation": "Selz, Jean. <em>Odilon Redon</em>. Lugano: Uffici Press, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Praeger Encyclopedia of Art</em>. London: Praeger, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 4, p. 1667; Reproduced: vol. 4, p. 1666", "url": null}, {"citation": "Preston, Stuart. <em>Edouard Vuillard. </em>New York: Harry Abrams, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cassou, Jean. <em>Odilon Redon</em>. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 16-17.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Die Grosse Enzyklopadie der Malerei</em>. Freiburg: Herder, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2648", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hobbs, Richard. <em>Odilon Redon</em>. London: Studio Vista, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139; Reproduced: p. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 224", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n244"}, {"citation": "<em>Phaidon Encyclopedia of Art and Artists</em>. Oxford: Phaidon, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 544", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, Michael. <em>Nature and Imagination: The Work of Odilon Redon</em>. Oxford: Phaidon, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66; Reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bacou, Roseline. <em>Odilon Redon: Pastels</em>. Trans. Beatrice Rehl. New York: George Braziller, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126, no. 43; Reproduced: p. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vialla, Jean. <em>La vie et l'oeuvre d'Odilon Redon</em>. Paris: ACR, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 140-141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fugazza, Stefano. <em>Simbolismo</em>. Milan: Arnoldo Mondadori Arte, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Alec. <em>Odilon Redon, catalogue raisonn\u00e9 de l'oeuvre peint et dessin\u00e9</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. I, p. 50, no. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jarrass\u00e9, Dominique. <em>Odilon Redon, le r\u00eave</em>. Paris: Herscher, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42; Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Impressionist, Modern and Contemporary Paintings, Drawings, Sculpture and Ceramics</em>. London: Christie's, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, lot 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Takashina, Shuji and Nobuyuki Senzoku. <em>Seikimatsu to shocho shugi, New World History of Art</em>. Tokyo: Shogakukan, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Humair, Sylviane. \"De la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle au d\u00e9but du XXe.\" <em>Gazette de l'Hotel Drouot</em> (April 17, 1998): 72-74.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>300 Selected European Paintings</em>. Otsuka: Otsuka Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 314", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Impressionist and Modern Art</em>. London: Sotheby's, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17, lot 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Grazia, Diane. \"Drawings in Cleveland: The Evolution of a Collection.\" In <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, 1-15. Diane De Grazia and Carter E. Foster, eds. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in Association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11-12, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 11-12, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Masini, Lara Vinca and Alessandro Vezzosi. <em>Il Liberty, Art Nouveau. </em>Firenze: Giunti, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shimizu, Yoshiro. <em>Redon, Moro</em>. Tokyo: Shogakkan, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sugu wakaru gakabetsu genso bijutsu no mikata</em>. Tokyo: Tokyobijutsu, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather, \"Unparalleled Color\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 10, December 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-10/page/4/"}, {"citation": "Yamamoto, Atsuko. <em>Redon, His Life and Works: I Want to Know More</em>. Tokyo: Bijutsu, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66; Reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Exhibitions.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 5 (September/October 2015): 3.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-05"}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \u201cImaging the Garden: The garden is a ground plot for the mind. --Thomas Hill, <em>The Gardener's Labyrinth</em> (1577).\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 6 (November/December 2015): 4-6.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover; Mentioned: p. 5.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "De Seta, Cesare. <em>Arti Della Modernit\u00e0</em>. Milano: Jaca Book, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 194-195", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Legacy of Odilon Redon at the CMA.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 3 (Summer 2021): 37.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2021-03"}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \"Collecting 19th-Century French Drawings at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>11-23. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 18-19, fig. 8", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Wildenstein 96", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.1976", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "705", "filesize": "258753", "filename": "1926.1976_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2665", "filesize": "3589165", "filename": "1926.1976_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_full.tif", "width": "9989", "height": "7831", "filesize": "234695396", "filename": "1926.1976_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "217982"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2999902"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144024060"}, "date_created": "2013-11-18T11:28:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "900", "filesize": "256193"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2481", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3540985"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5838", "height": "8000", "filesize": "140135264"}, "date_created": "2013-11-18T11:31:56", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1164", "height": "893", "filesize": "847648"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3268", "height": "2507", "filesize": "6092690"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1976/1926.1976_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3268", "height": "2507", "filesize": "24620796"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148753, "creators": [{"id": 1748, "description": "Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leader of the symbolist movement in France, Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux in 1840 and grew up in the surrounding region. During his early years he studied drawing, architecture, and the violin. A friendship with Armand Clavaud, a local botanist and philosopher, stimulated Redon's passion for romantic art and literature. In 1864, after a brief and discouraging period of instruction with G\u00e9r\u00f4me in Paris, Redon returned to Bordeaux, where he studied printmaking with Rodolphe Bresdin (1825-1885). Deploring the emphasis on rational, phenomenal experience in academic and naturalist art, Redon turned for inspiration to the imaginative paintings of Delacroix, the prints of Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya (1746-1828), and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire. In 1870, after military service in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon settled in Paris and produced his first <em>Noirs</em>. These visionary images, featuring floating eyes and severed heads born aloft on wings, reflect Redon's belief in the superiority of the imagination and fantasy, which he considered \"the messenger of the unconscious.\" After producing his initial <em>Noirs </em>in charcoal, Redon discovered a method of transferring his drawings to lithography in 1876. Throughout the 1880s he continued to use charcoal, etching, and lithography as his primary media, and he produced twelve lithography albums before abandoning the genre in the late 1890s. During the 1880s Redon emerged as a leader of the symbolist reaction against impressionism. The publication in 1879 of his first lithographic album, <em>Dans le r\u00eave</em>, followed by his first solo exhibition in 1881, attracted the admiration of J. K. Huysmans, who included illustrations by Redon in his novel <em>\u00c0 rebours</em> (1884). Around the same time, Redon developed a personal and artistic relationship with poet St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. Increasingly drawn into the public arena, Redon helped organize the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants in 1884. In 1886 he participated in the last impressionist exhibition and began showing with Les XX in Brussels. Redon's antinaturalist, visionary, art inspired many symbolist and Nabi artists, including Gauguin and Vuillard. Maurice Denis praised Redon as \"our Mallarm\u00e9,\" and in 1892 critic Albert Aurier described Redon as a leader of the new \"idealistic\" tendency in art. After 1890 the focus of Redon's activity shifted from monochromatic drawings and prints toward exploring color in richly worked pastels. His innovations in luminous color, as seen in the pastel and oil paintings he exhibited at the Galeries Durand-Ruel in 1900 were greatly admired by Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and the Fauves. Awarded the Legion of Honor in 1903, Redon continued his leadership role in the avant-garde and in 1904 became a founding member of the Salon d'Automne. In 1913 forty of his works were selected for exhibition in the Armory Show, the most by any artist. Redon died at his home in Paris in the summer of 1916.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-11-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1910, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1910", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of Mademoiselle Violette Heymann"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:38:24.971000"}, {"id": 106841, "accession_number": "1924.859", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Table Fountain, c. 1320\u201340. France, Paris. Gilt-silver and translucent enamels; overall: 33.8 x 25.4 x 26 cm (13 5/16 x 10 x 10 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1924.859", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Table Fountain", "creation_date": "c. 1320\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1320, "creation_date_latest": 1340, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "gilt-silver and translucent enamels", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 33.8 x 25.4 x 26 cm (13 5/16 x 10 x 10 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.311, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.241, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.26, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "No Extent Specified": {"width": 0.022, "width_inch": 0, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "length": 0.038, "length_inch": 1, "length_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361650, "title": "The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400", "description": "<i>The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 23-December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442290, "title": "Le Siecle de Charles V (The Century of Charles V)", "description": "<i>Le Siecle de Charles V (The Century of Charles V)</i>. R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux - Grand Palais, Paris cedex 12, France (October 10, 1981-February 1, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309664, "title": "Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink", "description": "<i>Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 26-October 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-07-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, Dijon, France (May 27-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203147, "title": "Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain", "description": "<i>Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2016-February 26, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The International Style: The Arts in European around 1400</em>, The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, MD (October 23 - December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Les Fastes du Gothique:</em> <em>Le Siecle de Charles V</em>, The Grand Palais, Paris (9 Oct. 1981-1 Feb.1982).", "opening_date": "1981-10-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(M. & R. Stora, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1924", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This fountain with its minute architectural details and finely made enamel plaques displayed the wealth and refinement of the owner as it entertained his guests. Imagine hearing the ringing of the tiny bells when this fountain was in use.", "description": "Conceptually and stylistically, this object is beyond all else a piece of Gothic architecture in miniature with vaults, pinnacles, columns, and traceried arches. Though the artist who created it is unknown, he was unquestionably inspired by the great Gothic buildings of his time. <br>The table fountain is a three-tiered assembly combining cast elements with bent sheets of gilt-silver. To these have been attached a series of enamel plaques representing grotesque figures, some of which play musical instruments. Water wheels and bells were added to capture motion and sound. <br>The rich detail, precious materials, and involved ornamentation of this deluxe object suggest it would have been expensive to produce and highly treasured by its original owner, someone of high status, and would have been deployed as an object of spectacle. This is the most complete example of its type known to survive from the Middle Ages. Medieval inventories reveal that small fountains like this, often taking various forms, and generally made from precious metals, once existed in large numbers, thus making the Cleveland table fountain an extremely rare object.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758750"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1924.859-table-fountain"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"A Table Fountain of the Fourteenth Century.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 12, no. 3 (1925).", "page_number": "pp. 36-39", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25093719"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n18"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"In Memoriam: Jeptha Homer Wade.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 13, no. 4 (1926)", "page_number": "p. 75", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136919"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cEarly Enamels in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Connoisseur </em>76 (October 1926).", "page_number": "pp. 69-70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bassermann-Jordan, Ernst von. <em>The Clock of Philip the Good of Burgundy.</em> Leipzig: W. Diebener g.m.b.h, 1927.", "page_number": "p. 39, figs. 35-36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n22"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [New York]: [The Art news], 1936.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henry S Francis, \"A Gothic Table Fountain and an Engraved Design for on by the Master [W with a Key]\" <em>The Print Collector's Quarterly</em> (April, 1939).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Gothic Fountain Design by the Goldsmith-Engraver Monogrammist [Unrepresentable Symbol].\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 26, no. 7 (1939).", "page_number": "p. 118, 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stites, Raymond S.<em> The Arts and Man</em>. New York: Whittlesey House, 1940.", "page_number": "p. 445, fig. 369", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "N. M. Penzer, \"The Great Wine Coolers -- II,\" <em>Apollo </em>LXVI, no. 391 (September, 1957).", "page_number": "pp. 40-41, fig II", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.). <em>The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400</em>; [Exhibition]: October 23-December 2, 1962. 1962.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Gothic Art 1360-1440.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963).", "page_number": "No. 33, p. 175", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "Harry Bober, \"Medieval Art and Cleveland,\" <em>Apollo </em>LXXVII, no. 22 (1963).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Silvio A. Bedini, \"The Role of Automata in the History of Technology, \" <em>Technology and Culture</em> V (Winter, 1964).", "page_number": "p. 33, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Colin Eisler, \"Le gothique international,\" Art de France IV (1964).", "page_number": "pp. 288-90", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Joseph Alsop, \"Treasures of The Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Art in America </em>(May-June, 1966).", "page_number": "p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 1967.", "page_number": "No. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Treasures from Medieval France: A Summary Catalogue of the Exhibition</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Cat. No. VI 18, pp. 250-51, 376", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 250-251; cat. no. VI-18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n277"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Munro, Thomas. <em>Form and Style in the Arts: An Introduction to Aesthetic Morphology</em>. Cleveland: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1970.", "page_number": "fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hernmarck, Carl. <em>The Art of the European Silversmith, 1430-1830.</em> London: Sotheby Parke Bernet, 1977.", "page_number": "p. 100, pl. 271", "url": null}, {"citation": "Impey, O. R. <em>Chinoiserie: The Impact of Oriental Styles on Western Art and Decoration.</em> London: Oxford University Press, 1977.", "page_number": "p.178, fig. 203", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Naomi. <em>French Renaissance Fountains</em>. New York: Garland Pub, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 33, 347, No. 8, footnotes 11-12", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n91"}, {"citation": "Lightbown, R. W. <em>Secular Goldsmiths' Work in Medieval France: A History</em>. London: Society of Antiquaries of London, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 48-51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Donzet, Bruno, and Christian Siret. <em>Les Fastes du gothique: le sie\u0300cle de Charles V </em>: Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, 9 octobre 1981-1er fe\u0301vrier 1982. [Paris]: Ministe\u0300re de la culture, Editions de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1981.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 191, pp. 236-38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dombi, Istvan, Bernd Ho\u0308fler, and Ingrid Loschek. <em>Bruckmann's Silber-Lexikon.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Bruckmann, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 290", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture, and Elisabeth B. MacDougall.<em> Medieval Gardens</em>. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patrick M. De Winter, \"Castles and Town Residences of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364-1404), <em>Artibus et historiae</em> No. 8 (1983).", "page_number": "p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Truman, Charles. <em>Sotheby's Concise Encyclopedia of Silver</em>. London: Conran Octopus, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chastel, Andre\u0301. <em>French Art.</em> Paris: Flammarion, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 315", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richter, Rainer. \"Between Original and Imitation: Four Technical Studies in Basse-Taille Enameling and Re-Enameling of the Historicism Period.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 7 (1994): 222-51.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 222, 234-35; Mentioned: p. 222-52", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161461"}, {"citation": "Daston, Lorraine, and Katharine Park. <em>Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150-1750</em>. New York: Zone Books, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 99, Fig. 2.10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kemp, Martin.<em> The Oxford History of Western Art.</em> 2000.", "page_number": "No. 237, p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "pp. 27 & 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"The Cleveland Table Fountain and Gothic Automata.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 7 (2002).", "page_number": "pp. 6-49", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079718"}, {"citation": "Pe\u0301rouse de Montclos, Jean-Marie. <em>Paris: City of Art.</em> New York: Vendome, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. <em>Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419</em> : Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 26, p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen. \"Patronage and the Burgundian Court, 1364-1419\" <em>The Magazine Antiques</em> (October 2004).", "page_number": "p. 142-51, pl. III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bernstein, Bernard. <em>The Fifteenth Century Arles Torah Crown Contract: A Twenty-First Century Silversmith's Interpretation</em>. [New York]: B. Bernstein, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 31, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nys, Wim.<em> Zilver uit Antwerpen</em> = Argenterie d'Anvers = Silber aus Antwerpen = Silver from Antwerp. Antwerp: Zilvermuseum Sterckshof, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rowland-Jones, Anthony. \"Iconography in the history of the recorder up to 1430-Part 2\". <em>Early Music</em> XXXIV, no. 1 (2006).", "page_number": "p. 12, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. S<em>acred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 190-193, no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 72, p. 198-199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pin\u0303a, Leslie A. <em>Furniture in History, 3000 B.C.-2000 A.D</em>. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2010.", "page_number": "pp. 3, 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Caskey, Jill, Adam S. Cohen, and Linda Safran. Confronting the Borders of Medieval Art. Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 176, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Anderson, Maxwell Lincoln. <em>The Quality Instinct: Seeing Art Through a Museum Director's Eye</em>. Washington, DC: AAM Press, American Association of Museums, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 32-33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 116-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"Medieval Masterpieces.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 13-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Kirkham, Pat, and Susan Weber. <em>History of Design: Decorative Arts and Material Culture, 1400-2000</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "p. 92, Fig. 5.10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conference \"The splendour of Burgundy.\", Wim Blockmans, and Anne van Oosterwijk. Staging the Court of Burgundy: Proceedings of the Conference \"The Splendour of Burgundy\". Turnhout: Brepols, 2013.", "page_number": "Fig. 20, p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 269", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Normore, Christina. <em>A Feast for the Eyes: Art, Performance, and the Late Medieval Banquet</em>. Chicago: Univesity of Chicago Press, [2015].", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28-31; Reproduced: p. 29, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Elina Gertsman. <em>Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art; London: In association with D Giles Limited, [2016].", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92, plate 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bagnoli, Martina. \"Sensual Awakenings.\" In <em>A Feast for the Senses: Art and Experience in Medieval Europe, </em>edited by Martina Bagnoli<em>. </em>Baltimore: The Walters Art Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 15, p. 62-64", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \u201cMyth and Mystique: A fresh look at the museum\u2019s captivating Gothic table fountain.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 5 (September/October 2016): 10-12.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10; Mentioned: p. 11-12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-05"}, {"citation": "\"Exhibitions.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 6 (November/December 2016): 4.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-06"}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. 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H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "c03c9b6836aa42328803baeef085be40", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/c03c9b6836aa42328803baeef085be40", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 106841, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1924-10-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1320, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1320\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:11.427000"}, {"id": 129265, "accession_number": "1952.153", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Interior with an Etruscan Vase (Int\u00e9rieur au vase \u00e9trusque), 1940. Henri Matisse (French, 1869\u20131954). Oil on canvas; framed: 102.2 x 129.5 x 12.1 cm (40 1/4 x 51 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 73.7 x 108 cm (29 x 42 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1952.153. \u00a9 Succession H. Matisse / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "Interior with an Etruscan Vase (Int\u00e9rieur au vase \u00e9trusque)", "creation_date": "1940", "creation_date_earliest": 1940, "creation_date_latest": 1940, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 102.2 x 129.5 x 12.1 cm (40 1/4 x 51 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 73.7 x 108 cm (29 x 42 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.022, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.295, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.121, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.737, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.08, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Succession H. Matisse / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"Henri Matisse 40\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 701684, "title": "Re\u0301trospective Henri Matisse", "description": "<i>Re\u0301trospective Henri Matisse</i>. Muse\u00e9 National d'art Moderne, Paris, France (organizer) (June 1-November 18, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "<i>Paths of Abstract Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515905, "title": "Seven Decades of Modern Art", "description": "<i>Seven Decades of Modern Art</i>. Rosenberg & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (April 26-May 21, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-04-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300904, "title": "Fifty Years of Modern Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of Modern Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 15-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 517539, "title": "Seventy-Five Masterworks", "description": "<i>Seventy-Five Masterworks</i>. Portland Museum of Art, Portland, ME (organizer) (December 12, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443384, "title": "Henri Matisse", "description": "<i>Henri Matisse</i>. French Academy in Rome, Rome, Italy (organizer) (November 24, 1978-January 28, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-11-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442228, "title": "Henri Matisse Retrospective", "description": "<i>Henri Matisse Retrospective</i>. Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, CH-8024 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (organizer) (October 14, 1982-January 16, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-10-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442150, "title": "Matisse Retrospective", "description": "<i>Matisse Retrospective</i>. Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden (organizer) (November 3, 1984-January 6, 1985); Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humbelbaek, Denmark (January 19-April 14, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 214554, "title": "La r\u00e9v\u00e9lation m'est venue de l'Orient", "description": "<i>La r\u00e9v\u00e9lation m'est venue de l'Orient</i>. Palazzo dei Conservatori (Musei Capitolini, Rome) (September 19, 1997-January 20, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218577, "title": "Henri Matisse:  La r\u00e9v\u00e9lation me'est venue de l'Orient", "description": "<i>Henri Matisse:  La r\u00e9v\u00e9lation me'est venue de l'Orient</i>. Musei Capitolini, Rome, Italy (September 19, 1997-January 20, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 214256, "title": "Henri Matisse:  Process and Variation", "description": "<i>Henri Matisse:  Process and Variation</i>. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (September 10-December 12, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224310, "title": "Henri Matisse: Interiors with Women", "description": "<i>Henri Matisse: Interiors with Women</i>. Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany (October 29, 2005-February 26, 2006); Fondation Beyeler, CH-4125 Riehen/Basel, Switzerland (organizer) (March 19-July 23, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 201332, "title": "Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse", "description": "<i>Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 6, 2015-January 5, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281796, "title": "Matisse in the Studio", "description": "<i>Matisse in the Studio</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (April 9-July 9, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-04-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380560, "title": "Matisse in the 1930s", "description": "<i>Matisse in the 1930s</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (October 13, 2022-January 29, 2023); Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (February 27-May 29, 2023); Mus\u00e9e Matisse, Nice, France (June 23-September 24, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 449908, "title": "Matisse - Invitation to Voyage", "description": "<i>Matisse - Invitation to Voyage</i>. Fondation Beyeler, CH-4125 Riehen/Basel, Switzerland (organizer) (September 22, 2024-January 26, 2025) https://www.fondationbeyeler.ch/ausstellungen/henri-matisse.", "opening_date": "2024-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 701668, "title": "Matisse: The Pursuit of Harmony", "description": "<i>Matisse: The Pursuit of Harmony</i>. Acquavella Galleries, Inc., New York, NY (organizer) (April 9-May 22, 2026) https://www.acquavellagalleries.com/exhibitions/matisse2.", "opening_date": "2026-04-09T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Paul Rosenberg (1881-1959), Bordeaux, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Confiscated by Nazi ERR (Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg), sent to Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Hermann Goering (1893-1946)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Traded to Gustav Rochlitz (1889-1972)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Recovered by Allied Forces, Munich Central Collection Point, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "[Restituted to Paul Rosenberg Gallery, New York, NY]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leigh Block, Chicago, IL", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "about 1947", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "[Paul Rosenberg Gallery, New York]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "[Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "around 1952", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When Matisse's <em>Blue Nude</em> was shown in the 1913 Armory show, the violent, unnaturalistic colors and distorted forms so enraged students and faculty from the Art Institute of Chicago that they burned a copy in effigy.", "description": "In this interior, a woman is seated at a table with an open book and scattered fruits. The artist painted green potted philodendrons, a red patterned curtain, and an orange antique vase to create an exuberantly colorful composition. Henri Matisse painted this interior in his studio-residence at the H\u00f4tel R\u00e9gina in Nice on the coast of southeastern France about six months after the outbreak of WWII. As he explained in a letter to a friend, making art provided the equilibrium he needed to withstand the tragedy unfolding in the world beyond his studio.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472163"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ballou, Mary G. \"\"Interior with Etruscan Vase\" by Henri Matisse.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 39, no. 10 (December 1952): 239-241.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 239-240; Reproduced: P. 241", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141841"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 518", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n96"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n223"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n223"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n1"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 248", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n268"}, {"citation": "Sievers, Ann H., Linda D. Muehlig, and Nancy Rich. <em>Master Drawings from the Smith College Museum of Art</em>. New York, New York: Hudson Hills Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60, no. 63; Mentioned: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tanaka, Masayuki, and Chika Amano. <em>Matisu ten</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Yomiuri Shinbun To\u0304kyo\u0304 Honsha Bunka, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192. fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mu\u0308ller-Tamm, Pia, ed. <em>Henri Matisse: Figure, Color, Space</em>. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 248, no. 164; mentioned: p. 370", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ciuha, Delia. <em>Eros in der Kunst der Moderne: Ausstellung \"Eros in der Kunst der Moderne\", Fondation Beyeler, Riehen/Basel, 8. Oktober 2006-18. Februar 2007 ; BA-CA Kunstforum, Wien, 1. Ma\u0308rz - 22. Juli 2007</em>. Ostfildern, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 318-319", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 301", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Essers, Volkmar.<em> Henri Matisse, 1869-1954: Master of Colour.</em> K\u00f6ln: Benedikt Taschen, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "McBreen, Ellen. \"The Studio as Theater.\" In <em>Matisse in the Studio. </em>Ellen McBreen, and Helen Burnham, 113-139. Boston, Massachusetts: MFA publications, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139, no. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorfman, John. \"Matisse Madness.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em>, (Apr. 2017): 48-54.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klein, John. <em>Matisse and Decoration</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 94, fig 4.1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gu\u00e9gan, St\u00e9phane. <em>Matisse sans Fronti\u00e8res.</em> [Paris]: Gallimard, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 155' Reproduced: p. 158, fig. 124", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grammont, Claudine, and Ellen McBreen. <em>Matisse. </em>Translated by Christian Vair. Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 263-264, no. 259; Reproduced: p. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wright, Alastair. \"Figure and Flora: Matisse, Vitality, and the Search for Harmony.\" In <em>Matisse: The Pursuit of Harmony, </em>John Klein, ed., 60-85. New York: Rizzoli, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 60-63, plate 54; Reproduced: p. 258-261", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.153", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129265, "creators": [{"id": 2130, "description": "Henri Matisse (French, 1869\u20131954)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1869", "death_year": "1954", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1940, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1940", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:59:37.085000"}, {"id": 135920, "accession_number": "1959.42", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Lawrence, 1502\u20138. Tilman Riemenschneider (German, active W\u00fcrzburg, c. 1460\u20131531). Lindenwood with polychromy and gilding; overall: 93.8 x 38.5 x 21.8 cm (36 15/16 x 15 3/16 x 8 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1959.42", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "Saint Lawrence", "creation_date": "1502\u20138", "creation_date_earliest": 1502, "creation_date_latest": 1508, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, W\u00fcrzburg, 16th century"], "technique": "lindenwood with polychromy and gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 93.8 x 38.5 x 21.8 cm (36 15/16 x 15 3/16 x 8 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.938, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.385, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.218, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177124, "title": "Tilman Riemenschneider:  Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Tilman Riemenschneider:  Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 3, 1999-January 9, 2000); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 7-May 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Richard von Passavant-Gontard, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "C. von Pannwitz, Bennebroek, The Netherlands", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1959", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 135931, "description": "Saint Stephen, 1502\u20138. Tilman Riemenschneider (German, active W\u00fcrzburg, c. 1460\u20131531). Lindenwood with polychromy and gilding; overall: 93.5 x 35 x 23.5 cm (36 13/16 x 13 3/4 x 9 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1959.43", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Before Riemenschneider finally settled in W\u00fcrzburg, Germany, in 1484, he traveled to Strasbourg and Colmar, where he became acquainted with the works of the engraver Martin Schongauer.", "description": "This sculpture, along with that of Saint Stephen (1959.43), and two female saints preserved in Frankfurt (Historisches Museum), are believed to be the remaining fragments of a large altarpiece carved by Riemenschneider for the Dominican convent in Rothenburg in Franconia (demolished in 1813). Saints Stephen and Lawrence both wear the dalmatic to indicate their status as deacons in the early church. Each holds a symbol of his martyrdom; here, Saint Lawrence holds a grill to indicate his death by burning. Late Gothic Style Art in Germany through the early 1500s remained firmly anchored in the late Gothic style with its associated interests in realism. Riemenschneider was one of the most prolific and versatile sculptors of this style, a recognized master in both stone and wood. His flourishing workshop employed as many as 40 apprentices in sculpting, woodcarving, and painting. His sculptures are noted for the dreamy, melancholy, and introspective quality in their expressions, as well as their remarkable attention to detail.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.42-saint-lawrence"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Feulner, Adolf, and Theodor Mu\u0308ller. G<em>eschichte der deutschen Plastik</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: F. Bruckmann, 1887.", "page_number": "p. 165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Riemenschneider, Tilman, and Carl Streit. <em>Tylmann Riemenschneider: 1460-1531 ; Leben und Kunstwerke des fra\u0308nkischen Bildschnitzers</em>. 1 (1888) 1 (1888). Berlin: Wasmuth, 1888.", "page_number": "p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "T\u00f6nies,Eduard \"Leben und Werke des W\u00fcrzburger Bildscnitzers Tilmann Riemenschneider\" <em>Studien zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte</em> XXII (1900).", "page_number": "p. 261, nos. 2, 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weber, Anton, and A. Schnizlein. Ti<em>l Riemenschneider: sein Leben und Wirken.</em> Regensburg: J. Habbel, 1911.", "page_number": "pp. 192, 247", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmitt, Otto, and Georg Swarzenski. <em>Meisterwerke der bildhauerkunst in Frankfurter privatbesitz</em>. Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurter kunstverein, 1921.", "page_number": "p. 28, nos. 138-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus, and Tilman Riemenschneider. <em>Tilmann Riemenschneider. </em>Augsburg: Filser, 1925.", "page_number": "p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sta\u0308delsches Kunstinstitut (Frankfurt am Main, Germany). <em>Sammlung R. von Passavant-Gontard.</em> Frankfurt am Main: Sta\u0308dtelsches Kunstinstitut, 1929.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schilling, R. \"Ausstellung der Sammlung R. v. Passavant-Gontard im St\u00e4delschen Kunstinstitut,\" <em>Pantheon </em>III (April, 1929).", "page_number": "pp. 185, 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Kunstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. 28, 28. <em>Allgemeines Lexikon Der Bildenden Kunstler Von Der Antike Bis Zur Gegenwart</em> / Unter Mitwirkung Von 320 Fachgelehrten Des In- Und Auslandes ; Herausgegeben Von Ulrich Thieme Und Felix Becker. Leipzig: E.A. Seeman, 1934.", "page_number": "pp. 333-4", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Art Quarterly</em> (Winter 1959).", "page_number": "p. 388", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cSaint Lawrence and Saint Stephen,\u201d September 14, 1959, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0434"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William. \"Two Lindenwood Sculptures.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>46, no. 9 (November 1959): 189-197.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 189; Reproduced: p. 188, 190", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142360"}, {"citation": "<em>The Connoisseur</em> (March 1960).", "page_number": "p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>La Chronique des Arts</em> (January 1960).", "page_number": "p. 34, pl. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus, \"Two Statues: St. Stephen and St. Lawrence by Riemenschneider in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> XXIII, 3 (Autumn 1960).", "page_number": "pp. 219, 223", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bober, Harry, \"Medieval Art at Cleveland\" <em>Apollo</em> LXXVII no. 22 (1963).", "page_number": "p. 455", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Two Lindenwood Sculptures by Tillmann Riemenschneider. </em>Thesis--New York University, February 1963, 1963.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n100"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 1967.", "page_number": "no. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n100"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Berthold Fricke. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n107"}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus, and Tilman Riemenschneider. <em>Tilmann Riemenschneider, His Life and Work. </em>Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1982.", "page_number": "pp. 8-9, 50-52, Pl. 6A-B", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metford, J. C. J. <em>Dictionary of Christian Lore and Legend</em>. 1983.", "page_number": "pp. 59.43, 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Riemenschneider, Tilman, Julien Chapuis, and Michael Baxandall. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider: Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages</em>. 1999.", "page_number": "p. 108, no. 4; pp. 283-298, cat. no. 32D", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayum, Andree \"A Devotion to Carving: The Art of Tilman Riemenschneider\" <em>Art in America</em> (July 2000).", "page_number": "p. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kalden-Rosenfeld, Iris. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider und seine Werkstatt: mit einem Katalog der allgemein als Arbeiten Riemenschneiders und seiner Werkstatt akzeptierten Werke. </em>Ko\u0308nigstein im Taunus: Langewiesche, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 127, no. 174, Kat. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550. </em>Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 19, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. S<em>acred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 244-245, no. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krohm, Hartmut, and Tobias Kunz. <em>Nicht die Bibliothek, sondern das Auge: westeuropa\u0308ische Skulptur und Malerei an der Wende zur Neuzeit : Beitra\u0308ge zu Ehren von Hartmut Krohm.</em> Petersberg: M. Imhof, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 263", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Resplendent Faith: Liturgical Treasuries of the Middle Ages. </em>Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 62, fig. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel. A<em> Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages</em>. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 48, fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 158-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"Medieval Masterpieces.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 13-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 281", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.42", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.42/1959.42_web.jpg", "width": "629", "height": "893", "filesize": "57577", "filename": "1959.42_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.42/1959.42_print.jpg", "width": "2396", "height": "3400", "filesize": "753153", "filename": "1959.42_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.42/1959.42_full.tif", "width": "4131", "height": "5861", "filesize": "72665024", "filename": "1959.42_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.42/1959.42_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "568", "height": "893", "filesize": "52378"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.42/1959.42_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2163", "height": "3400", 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135920, "creators": [{"id": 9821, "description": "Tilman Riemenschneider (German, active W\u00fcrzburg, c. 1460\u20131531)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1531", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-02-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1502, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1502\u20138", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:56:44.885000"}, {"id": 140396, "accession_number": "1964.340", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "A Bird in the Room, 1955. Kay Sage (American, 1898\u20131963). Oil on canvas; unframed: 99.1 x 81.3 cm (39 x 32 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Kay Sage Tanguy, 1964.340. \u00a9 Estate of Kay Sage / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "226B American Modern", "title": "A Bird in the Room", "creation_date": "1955", "creation_date_earliest": 1955, "creation_date_latest": 1955, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 99.1 x 81.3 cm (39 x 32 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.991, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.813, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Kay Sage / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: Kay Sage '55\r\nWritten on back of stretcher: \"A Bird in the Room '55 Kay Sage/Woodbury, Conn.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 320904, "title": "Kay Sage, 1898-1963", "description": "<i>Kay Sage, 1898-1963</i>. Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Ithaca, NY (organizer) (January 26-March 13, 1977); Art Gallery, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD (April 5-May 15, 1977); Albany Institute of History and Art, Albany, NY (June 8-July 20, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-01-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 218287, "title": "Double Solitaire: The Surrealist Worlds of Kay Sage and Yves Tanguy", "description": "<i>Double Solitaire: The Surrealist Worlds of Kay Sage and Yves Tanguy</i>. Katonah Museum of Art, Katonah, NY (organizer) (June 5-September 18, 2011); Davis Museum and Cultural Center, Wellesley, MA (October 8, 2011-January 8, 2012); Mint Museum of Art, Charlotte, NC (February 11, 2012-May 13, 2013).", "opening_date": "2011-06-05T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Catherine Viviano Gallery, New York, \"Kay Sage: Exhibition of Paintings,\" January 3-28, 1956, no. 7.", "opening_date": "1956-01-03T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Catherine Viviano Gallery, New York, \"Kay Sage Retrospective Exhibition, 1937-1958,\" April 5-30, 1960, no. 45.", "opening_date": "1960-04-05T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Kay Sage [1898-1963], Woodbury, CT, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1955-1964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "To maintain her own identity, Sage often refused to exhibit with her husband, also an artist.", "description": "Kay Sage created this work, one of her most somber and desolate, shortly after the death of her husband, fellow Surrealist painter Yves Tanguy (1900\u20131955). The title likely refers to the folk legend that says a wild bird flying into a house is a premonition of death\u2014an actual event that Sage experienced shortly before Tanguy passed away. After his unexpected death, Sage developed a degenerative sight disease that caused blurred vision and made it difficult for her to paint. She devoted her time to writing poetry and creating small collages but lived with depression, eventually dying by suicide in 1963.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469230"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Porter, Fairfield. \"Kay Sage,\" <em>Art News </em>54 (January 1956).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56; Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Breuning, Margaret. \"Kay Sage,\" <em>Arts </em>30 (January 1956).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Devree, Howard. \"Reality and Fantasy.\" <em>New York Times</em>, January 8, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Kay Sage Retrospective Exhibition, 1937-1958</em>, exh. cat. (New York: Catherine Viviano Gallery, 1960)", "page_number": "Reproduced: n. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Annual Report for 1964,\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52 (June 1965).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 156-157", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review,\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art </em>52 (November 1965).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Holly M. <em>Kay Sage, 1898-1963</em>. Ithaca, NY: Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Andre, Tomas. \"Kay Sage: Exploring the Conscious Unconscious.\" <em>Ithaca Post, </em>Art section, February 27, 1977.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Appelhof, Ruth Ann. \"Kay Sage: the Super-Reality of Dreams and Modern Women Artists.\" <em>Syracuse Guide </em>Visual Arts section, May 1977.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Stephen R. \"The Surrealist Imagery of Kay Sage,\" <em>Art International</em> 26 (September - October 1983).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45; Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Suther, Judith D. <em>A House of Her Own: Kay Sage, Solitary Surrealist. </em>Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 167-171; Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Stephen Robeson, Jonathan Stuhlman. <em>Double Solitaire: The Surreal Worlds of Kay Sage and Yves Tanguy</em>. ed. Nancy Wallach. Katonah, N.Y.: Katonah Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98, no. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Stephen Robeson, Jessie Sentivan, Mary Ann Caws, and Kay Sage. <em>Kay Sage: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. New York, NY : DelMonico Books/Prestel, 2018.", "page_number": "jMentioned & reproduced: p. 290-291, pl. 1955.3", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.340", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Kay Sage Tanguy", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Hammond Hemmelgarn Family Gallery", "athena_id": 140396, "creators": [{"id": 3631, "description": "Kay Sage (American, 1898\u20131963)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1898", "death_year": "1963", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1955, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1955", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-28 11:04:05.354000"}, {"id": 128392, "accession_number": "1951.356", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Edge of the Woods Near L'Hermitage, Pontoise, 1879. Camille Pissarro (French, 1830\u20131903). Oil on fabric; framed: 166 x 204 x 16.5 cm (65 3/8 x 80 5/16 x 6 1/2 in.); unframed: 125 x 163 cm (49 3/16 x 64 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1951.356", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Edge of the Woods Near L'Hermitage, Pontoise", "creation_date": "1879", "creation_date_earliest": 1879, "creation_date_latest": 1879, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 166 x 204 x 16.5 cm (65 3/8 x 80 5/16 x 6 1/2 in.); Unframed: 125 x 163 cm (49 3/16 x 64 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.66, "height_inch": 65, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 2.04, "width_inch": 80, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.165, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 1.25, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.63, "width_inch": 64, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: C. Pissarro 79\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338469, "title": "De David a Toulouse-Lautrec : chefs-d\u2019oeuvres des collections americaines", "description": "<i>De David a Toulouse-Lautrec : chefs-d\u2019oeuvres des collections americaines</i>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (organizer) (April 20-July 5, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-04-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442308, "title": "Camille Pissarro: The Unexplored Impressionist", "description": "<i>Camille Pissarro: The Unexplored Impressionist</i>. Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (October 30, 1980-January 11, 1981); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (January 30-April 27, 1981); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (May 19-August 9, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338472, "title": "The New Painting: Impressionism 1874-1886", "description": "<i>The New Painting: Impressionism 1874-1886</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (January 16-April 6, 1986); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (April 19-July 6, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-01-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220250, "title": "Camille Pissarro and Impressionism", "description": "<i>Camille Pissarro and Impressionism</i>. Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, D-70184 Stuttgart, Germany (organizer) (December 11, 1999-May 1, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-12-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 175431, "title": "C\u00e9zanne and Pissarro: Making Modernism", "description": "<i>C\u00e9zanne and Pissarro: Making Modernism</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (June 24-September 12, 2005); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (October 20, 2005-January 16, 2006); Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (February 27-May 28, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 230546, "title": "Pissarro. A Meeting on St. Thomas", "description": "<i>Pissarro. A Meeting on St. Thomas</i>. Ordrupgaard, Charlottenlund, Copenhagen, Denmark (organizer) (March 9-July 2, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>La 4e exposition de peinture</em>. 28 Avenue de l'Op\u00e9ra, Paris, France (1879).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Tableaux par Camille Pissarro</em>. Galeries Durand-Ruel, Paris, France (1928).", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Centenaire de la naissance de Camille Pissarro</em>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Les premi\u00e8res \u00e9poques de Camille Pissarro, de 1858 \u00e0 1884</em>. Galerie Marcel Bernheim, Paris, France (1936),", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Family of the artist, sold to Bernheim-Jeune", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1903-1913", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, sold to L\u2019Art Moderne)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Bernheim-Jeune purchased the painting (stock number 20114) from Julie Pissarro, the artist's widow, on December 17, 1913. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1913-1935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(L'Art Moderne, Lucerne)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->L\u2019Art Moderne was a branch of Bernheim-Jeune located in Lucerne, Switzerland; a number of works from its stock were auctioned at H\u00f4tel Drouot on June 20, 1935.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1935", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(L'Art Moderne sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, June 20, 1935 (no. 59), sold to Andr\u00e9 Schoeller)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1935", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Andr\u00e9 Schoeller [1898-1991], Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1935-", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Charles Comiot, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Comiot was a businessman and art collector who had amassed a significant collection of Impresisonist works by the late 1920s.&nbsp; The Wildenstein Pissarro catalogue raisonn\u00e9 includes Comiot as a previous owner of the painting, but does not provide dates or documentation for his ownership.&nbsp; A sale of works from Comiot\u2019s collection at H\u00f4tel Drouot on June 11, 1958 does not include the CMA painting.&nbsp; A Renoir pastel sold at Sotheby\u2019s, New York, on May 10, 2001 also has Comiot followed by de Hauke in its provenance, so the two may have had an ongoing business relationship.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(C\u00e9sar de Hauke and Hector Brame, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Pissarro does not appear in Galerie Brame &amp; Lorenceau\u2019s stock books, so it is likely that Hector Brame, a close business associate of de Hauke, brokered the sale of the painting to CMA.</div>"], "date": "Until 1951", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A goat seen from the back standing next to the figure in blue laying in the grass invites the viewer to step inside this serene and beautiful setting.", "description": "Born to a French-Jewish family on St. Thomas island in the Caribbean, Pissarro painted this monumental landscape when he was desperately poor and struggling to sell his paintings. It depicts a man slumbering in the sun-dappled backwoods of the Hermitage, a rural village near Pontoise, where the artist had been living since 1872. Restricting his palette to pure hues, Pissarro applied brushstrokes in systematic diagonal patterns, producing an effect that he likened to knitting. This canvas was included in the fourth Impressionist exhibition of 1879.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21785872"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.356-edge-of-the-woods-ne"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, Joachim Pissarro, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "C\u00e9sar de Hauke, letter to Henry S. Francis, Nov. 17, 1951, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Guy-Patrice Dauberville, letter to Victoria Sears Goldman, July 28, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, Joachim Pissarro, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "C\u00e9sar de Hauke, letter to Henry S. Francis, Nov. 17, 1951, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Guy-Patrice Dauberville, letter to Victoria Sears Goldman, July 28, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Guy-Patrice Dauberville, letter to Victoria Sears Goldman, Oct. 13, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Tableaux modernes, aquarelles, pastels, dessins par Bonnard, Boudin, Ce\u0301ria, Ce\u0301zanne, Chagall, Corot, Coubine, Courbet, Cross, Degas, Derain, R. Dufy, Dufresne, Eberl, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Guillaumin, Laglenne, Marquet, Modigliani, Monet, Monticelli, Pascin, Picasso, Pissarro, Quizet, Renoir, Rouault, Signac, Souverbie, Utrillo, Vallotton, Vlaminck</em>. 1935.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, Joachim Pissarro, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Guy-Patrice Dauberville, letter to Victoria Sears Goldman, July 28, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. T<em>ableaux modernes, aquarelles, pastels, dessins par Bonnard, Boudin, Ce\u0301ria, Ce\u0301zanne</em>... June 20, 1935.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. T<em>ableaux modernes, aquarelles, pastels, dessins par Bonnard, Boudin, Ce\u0301ria, Ce\u0301zanne</em>... June 20, 1935.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, Joachim Pissarro, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 200", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Ludovico Rodo, and Lionello Venturi. <em>Camille Pissarro; son art--son \u0153uvre</em>. Paris: P. Rosenberg, 1939.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sylvie Brame, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 30, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sylvie Brame, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 29, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Hervilly, Ernest. \"Exposition des Impressionistes.\" <em>Le Rappel </em>(April 11, 1879): 2.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Ludovico Rodo, and Lionello Venturi. <em>Camille Pissarro; Son Art--Son Oeuvre</em>. Paris: P. Rosenberg, 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, no. 489; reproduced: vol. 2, no. 489, pl. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Le Fond de l'Hermitage by Camille Pissarro.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 39, no. 4 (April 1952): 64-66.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em> Art et Style </em>34 (1955): 22.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e de l'Orangerie. <em>De David a\u0300 Toulouse-Lautrec; chefs-d'\u0153uvres des collections ame\u0301ricaines</em>. Paris: [Presses artistiques], 1955.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 45, Reproduced: pl. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Owned Paintings Will Go to France,\u201d April 20, 1955, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4556"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 505", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n93"}, {"citation": "Milliken,William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. </em>Cleveland: The Museum, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, E. B. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Guston.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 78 (December 1963): 481\u2013488.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 484", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n198"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n198"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n235"}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. and Christopher Lloyd. <em>A Catalogue of the Drawings by Camille Pissarro in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. </em>Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 140-141, nos. 132, 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Pissarro: Camille Pissarro, 1830-1903 : Hayward Gallery, London, 30 October 1980-11 January 1981, Grand Palais, Paris, 30 January-27 April 1981, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 19 May-9 August 1981</em>. London, United Kingdom: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward. \"Impressions of Pissarro.\" <em>Illustrated London News </em>268 (December 1980): 75.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lloyd, Christopher. <em>Camille Pissarro</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 80-81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201c\u2018Woman in the Waves\u2019 by Paul Gauguin.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 8 (October 1984): 280\u2013289.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 281, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159880"}, {"citation": "Bernard, Bruce. <em>The Impressionist Revolution.</em> London: Orbis, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232; mentioned: p. 263", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. <em>Pissarro and Pontoise: The Painter in a Landscape</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 192-193, pl. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zimmermann, Michael F. <em>Seurat and the Art Theory of His Time</em>. Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104, fig. 170", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kapos, Martha. <em>The Impressionists, a Retrospective.</em> [Southport, Conn.]: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 152-153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim. <em>Camille Pissarro.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121; reproduced: p. 132, fig. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benedetti, Maria Teresa. <em>L'Impressionismo: Dentro l'Immagine.</em> Milano: A. Mondadori, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 178-181", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reid, Martin. <em>Pissarro.</em> London, England: Studio Editions, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 96-97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ewers-Schultz, Martina. <em>Die Franzo\u0308sischen Grundlagen des \"Rheinischen Expressionismus\" 1905 bis 1914: Stellenwert und Bedeutung der franzo\u0308sischen Kunst in Deutschland und ihre Rezeption in den Werken der Bonner Ausstellungsgemeinschaft von 1913. </em>Mu\u0308nster: Lit, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 369, pl. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berson, Ruth. <em>The New Painting: Impressionism, 1874-1886: Documentation.</em> [San Francisco, CA]: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. 1, p. 206-207, 224; Vol. 2, p. 117; Reproduced: Vol. 2, p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benedetti, Maria Teresa. \"Pissarro: Il Periodo Impressionista.\" <em>Art e Dossier</em> 132 (March 1998): 16-33", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28; mentioned: p, 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.<em> Mone, Runowa\u0304ru to insho\u0304ha no fu\u0304kei: kaikan kinen dai ikkai kikakuten = Monet, Renoir, and the Impressionist Landscape.</em> [Japan]: Nagoya Bosuton Bijutsukan, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146, fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "D Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 494-496, no. 172", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M. <em>Monet, Renoir, and the Impressionist Landscape.</em> Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 146, fig. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eisenman, Stephen. <em>Nineteenth Century Art: A Critical History.</em> New York, N.Y.: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 297; reproduced: p. 292, fig. 13.11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie. <em>Impressionist and Modern Art (Evening Sale).</em> London: Christie's, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, fig.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mancoff, Debra N.<em> Impressionism: Reflections of Beauty.</em> Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, Ltd, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim. <em> Pioneering Modern Painting: Ce\u0301zanne &amp; Pissarro, 1865-1885.</em> New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212, no. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Legrand, Francois. \"Conversation en Peinture.\" <em>Connaissance des Arts Hors-Serie</em> 275 (2006): 24-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eisenman, Stephen. <em>Nineteenth Century Art: A Critical History.</em> London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 344, fig. 15.13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fonsmark, Anne-Birgitte. <em>Pissarro: et m\u00f8de pa\u030a Skt. Thomas.</em> K\u00f8benhavn: Ordrupgaard, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168, fig. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.356", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "690", "filesize": "388399", "filename": "1951.356_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2605", "filesize": "5555080", "filename": "1951.356_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_full.tif", "width": "15203", "height": "11648", "filesize": "531286664", "filename": "1951.356_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "400419"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "5723993"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt0_full.tif", "width": "16000", "height": "12000", "filesize": "576032700"}, "date_created": "2017-07-19T14:45:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1177", "height": "893", "filesize": "963035"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2580", "filesize": "8189061"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5899", "height": "4476", "filesize": "79244524"}, "date_created": "2009-07-01T15:21:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1076", "height": "893", "filesize": "857813"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2822", "filesize": "8445305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5674", "height": "4710", "filesize": "80207920"}, "date_created": "2009-07-01T15:23:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1167", "height": "893", "filesize": "916861"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2602", "filesize": "8002541"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.356/1951.356_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5525", "height": "4228", "filesize": "70113452"}, "date_created": "2007-10-29T14:35:17", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 128392, "creators": [{"id": 1836, "description": "Camille Pissarro (French, 1830\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Camille Pissarro's parents ran a general merchandise business on St. Thomas. After attending boarding school in Paris, Pissarro returned to the West Indies to work for his father from 1847 until 1852. As an artist he was largely self-taught, receiving some instruction from Fritz Melbye (1826-1896), a Danish artist with whom he traveled to Venezuela in 1852. When Pissarro returned to Paris in 1855, he shared a studio with Anton Melbye (1818-1875), Fritz's brother, and with David Jacobsen (1821-1871). He took classes at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in 1856 and three years later attended the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse, where he befriended artists such as C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Monet (q.v.), and Guillaumin (q.v.). Corot (q.v.) encouraged him to paint landscapes around Paris, and he was listed as Corot's pupil in the catalogues of the Salons of 1864 and 1865. He had met Julie Vellay in 1860, with whom he would have eight children; they married in 1871. Pissarro exhibited regularly at the Salons from 1859 to 1870, although his work received little attention and he sold hardly anything. In 1866 he settled in Pontoise, often returning to Paris where he kept a studio. He frequented \u00c9mile Zola's \"Thursdays\" (weekly literary gatherings) and associated with Manet's (q.v.) artistic circle that gathered in the Caf\u00e9 Guerbois. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) Pissarro fled with his family, first to Montfoucault and then to London, where he worked with Monet and Daubigny (q.v.) and was introduced to the dealer Durand-Ruel. In 1872 he returned to Pontoise, where he painted with C\u00e9zanne. Around 1869 Pissarro began painting in a purely impressionist style, and in 1874 he helped organize the first impressionist exhibition. He moved to \u00c9ragny-sur-Epte in 1884, where he came into contact with Seurat (q.v.) and Paul Signac (1863-1935) and subsequently began to work in a pointillist style. He eventually found this technique too limiting, and returned to an impressionist mode, often working in series. By the end of his career his landscapes and depictions of city life sold well, and in 1892 he was given a retrospective exhibition at Durand-Ruel. By now, the artist had developed strongly anarchist convictions. Pissarro not only painted and made drawings, he also experimented with etching and lithography.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1830", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-08-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1879, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1879", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Le Fond de l'Hermitage"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:59:29.576000"}, {"id": 128842, "accession_number": "1951.454", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Peter Repentant, 1645. Georges de La Tour (French, 1593\u20131652). Oil on canvas; framed: 140.3 x 119.1 x 7 cm (55 1/4 x 46 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 114 x 95 cm (44 7/8 x 37 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1951.454", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Saint Peter Repentant", "creation_date": "1645", "creation_date_earliest": 1645, "creation_date_latest": 1645, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 140.3 x 119.1 x 7 cm (55 1/4 x 46 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 114 x 95 cm (44 7/8 x 37 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.403, "height_inch": 55, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.191, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.14, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.95, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed upper right:  Georgs delaTour Invet et Pin / 1645", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 701945, "title": "Masterpieces", "description": "<i>Masterpieces</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 16, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445521, "title": "Georges de La Tour", "description": "<i>Georges de La Tour</i>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (organizer) (May 10-September 25, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177035, "title": "Georges de la Tour and His World: Masterpieces in Focus", "description": "<i>Georges de la Tour and His World: Masterpieces in Focus</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (October 6, 1996-January 5, 1997); Kimbell Art Museum (February 1-May 10, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 215166, "title": "Georges de la Tour (1593-1652)", "description": "<i>Georges de la Tour (1593-1652)</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France (October 1, 1997-January 26, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223411, "title": "The Light of Truth. Caravaggio, La Tour, Rembrandt, Zurbar\u00e1n", "description": "<i>The Light of Truth. Caravaggio, La Tour, Rembrandt, Zurbar\u00e1n</i>. Galleria d\u2019Arte Moderna e Contemporanea Accademia Carrara di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (September 9-December 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-09-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 214251, "title": "Georges de la Tour", "description": "<i>Georges de la Tour</i>. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (March 7-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220311, "title": "Georges de la Tour", "description": "<i>Georges de la Tour</i>. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (February 23-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 677024, "title": "Georges de la Tour: Between Shadow and Light", "description": "<i>Georges de la Tour: Between Shadow and Light</i>. Mus\u00e9e Jacquemart-Andr\u00e9, Paris, France (September 11, 2025-February 22, 2026) https://www.musee-jacquemart-andre.com/fr/georges-tour.", "opening_date": "2025-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Caravaggio and His Followers</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio (October 29, 1971-January 2, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-10-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Alleyn's College of God's Gift, Dulwich, Surrey", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "\u20131857", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Reverend William Lucas Chafy, by inheritance to his heirs", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "\u20131878", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Heirs of Reverend Chafy, Bath, Somerset", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1878\u2013May 1951", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "[Marshall Spink, London]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "[M. Knoedler & Co., New York], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "\u20131951", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1951", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The rooster next to Peter is a reference to Jesus's prediction that Peter will betray him, stating: \"Before the rooster crows, you will disown me three times.\"", "description": "During Jesus\u2019s arrest on the night of the Last Supper, the apostle Peter denied knowing him. Although Christ forgave his betrayal, Peter was consumed by guilt. Georges de La Tour represents Peter as an old man, reflecting on his past actions in a state of perpetual repentance. The apostle\u2019s red-rimmed eyes and the uncertain light of the lantern suggest anxious sleepless nights; muted colors and simple forms give visual expression to Peter\u2019s somber emotions. Unlike other artists inspired by Caravaggio, La Tour worked in relative isolation in northeastern France, and his connection to his Italian counterpart remains unclear.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515901"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.454-saint-peter-repentan"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wright, Christopher. <em>The Masters of Candlelight: An Anthology of Great Masters Including Georges de La Tour, Godfried Schalcken, Joseph Wright of Derby. </em>Landshut: Arvos Verlag, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 62, 127, cat. 35; Reproduced: pp. 62\u201363", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland], 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "Bloch, Vitale. <em>Georges de La Tour; een beschouwing over zijn werk voorafgegaan door een catalogus van zijn oeuvre</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: J.H. de Bussy, 1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bloch, Vitale. <em>Georges de La Tour; een beschouwing over zijn werk voorafgegaan door een catalogus van zijn oeuvre.</em> Amsterdam: J.H. de Bussy, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 53, no. 18; reproduced: Pl. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pariset, Francois-Georges. \"Le Saint Pierre Repentant de Georges de la Tour.\" <em>Arts-loisirs</em> no. 304 (1951): 1, 4.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 1, 4; reproduced: P. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sterling, Charles. \"Observations sur Georges de la Tour \u00e0 propos d'un Livre Recent.\" <em>La Revue des Arts </em>I (September 1951): 147-158.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 154; Reproduced: P. 153, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"The Retentant St. Peter by Georges de La Tour.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXIX</em>, no. 7 (September, 1952): 174-177.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" The Art Quarterly (Winter 1952): 344-346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 344", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pariset, Franc\u0327ois-Georges. \"Mise Au Point - Provisoire - Sur Georges De La Tour.\" <em>Cahiers De Bordeaux / Journe\u0301es Internationales D'etudes D'art</em> 2 (1955): 79-89.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 480", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pariset, Fran\u00e7ois-Georges. \"La Servante \u00e1 la Puce.\" <em>Le Pays Lorrain </em>39, no. 3 (1958): 100-108.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 105-106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grossmann, F. \"A Painting by Georges De La Tour in the Collection of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 100, no. 660 (March 1958): 86-91.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 90", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/872408"}, {"citation": "Myers, Bernard S.<em> Encyclopedia of World Art</em>. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. IX, P. 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "R\u00e9au, Louis. <em>Iconographie de l'art Chr\u00e9tien</em>, Vol. III, Pt. 3. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1959. <strong><br></strong>", "page_number": "Cat. 68", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bougier, Annette Marie. <em>Georges de La Tour, Peintre du Roy</em>. [Paris]: Descle\u0301e, De Brouwer, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 92-93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Casa de Vela\u0301zquez (Madrid). <em>Ve\u0301lazquez, son temps, son influence Actes du colloque tenu a la Casa de Vela\u0301zquez les 7, 9 et 10 de\u0301cembre 1960.</em> Paris: Arts et me\u0301tiers graphiques, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 62; reproduced: Pl. XXXVIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Birren, Faber. <em>History of Color in Painting, With New Principles of Color Expression</em>. New York, NY: Reinhold Pub. Corp, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 247", "url": null}, {"citation": "Birren, Faber. <em>History of Color in Painting, With New Principles of Color Expression</em>. New York: Reinhold Pub. Corp, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 247", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n141"}, {"citation": "Wrightsman, Charles B., Jayne Wrightsman, F. J. B. Watson, Carl Christian Dauterman, and Everett Fahy. <em>The Wrightsman Collection</em>. [New York]: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. 5, P. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cavina, Anna Ottani. <em>Georges de La Tour.</em> Milano: Fratelli, Fabbri, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cFiftieth Anniversary for the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 54 (March 1966): 20\u201356.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 23; reproduced: P. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \"Les Chef-d'Oeuvre de Premi\u00e8re Importance du Second Mus\u00e9e des Etats-Unis.\" <em>Connaissance des Arts </em>172 (June 1966): 55-63.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pariset, Fran\u00e7ois-Georges. \"L'Ermite \u00e0 la Lanterne et Georges de La Tour.\" <em>Cahiers Alsaciens d'Arche\u0301ologie, d'Art et d'Histoire </em>XI (1967): 241-246.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 244-246", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n141"}, {"citation": "Wright, Christopher. \"A Suggestion for Etienne De La Tour.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 111, no. 794 (May 1969): 295-97.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 296", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/875939"}, {"citation": "Fricke, Berthold, ed. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 46-47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Szigethi A\u0301gnes. <em>Georges de La Tour.</em> [Budapest]: Corvina, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Fig. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moussalli, Ulysse. <em>A la recherche de Georges de La Tour</em>. Paris, France: Grenier aux livres, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 66, 72; Mentioned: pp. 75\u201376", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tanaka, Hidemichi. \"Observations sur l'e\u0301volution stylistique de Georges de La Tour\". In <em>Evolution Ge\u0301ne\u0301rale Et De\u0301veloppements Re\u0301gionaux En Histoire De L'Art</em>. (1972): 45-50.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, pp. 45\u201347; Reproduced: Vol. III, pl. 271, no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict and Christopher Wright. \"Georges de La Tour et la Grande Bretagne.\" <em>La Revue du Louvre et des Muse\u0301es de France </em>22, no. 2 (1972): 135\u2013142.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135, 141, n. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "G\u00e1llego, Juli\u00e1n. \"Cr\u00f3nica de Paris: La Tour, Illuminado.\" <em>Goya </em>109 (1972): 35-39.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cavini. \"La Tour a l'Orangerie e il suo primo tempo Caravaggesco.\" <em>Paragone: Mensile di Arte Figurativa e Letteratura </em>XXIII, pt. 2, no. 273 (1972): 3-24.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 20, n. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Georges de La Tour</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 40, 43, 51, 77, 108, 111-112, 188, 190-193, 261, 263.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Held, Julius S. \u201cCaravaggio and His Followers.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 60 (March 1972): 40\u201347.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 43; reproduced: P. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blunt, Anthony. \"Georges De La Tour at the Orangerie.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 114, no. 833 (August 1972): 516-25.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 520", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/877063"}, {"citation": "Dauriac, Jacques Paul. \"Zur Wiederentdeckung un W\u00fcdigung von Georges de La Tour.\" <em>Die Kunst </em>(December 1972): 725-728.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 727", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brejon de Lavergne\u0301e, Arnauld, and Jean Pierre Cuzin. <em>I Caravaggeschi francesi</em>. Roma, Italy: De Luca, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre and Franc\u0327ois Mace\u0301 de Le\u0301pinay. <em>Georges de La Tour, vie et \u0153uvre</em>. Fribourg, Switzerland : Office du livre, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Solesmes, Franc\u0327ois. <em>Georges de La Tour</em>. (Lausanne, Switzerland: E\u0301ditions Clairefontaine, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110, p. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thuillier, Jacques. <em>Tout l'Oeuvre Peint de Georges de La Tour.</em> Paris: Flammarion, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8, 95, no. 51; reproduced: P. 94, Pl. XL, XLVII", "url": null}, {"citation": "G\u00e1llego, Julian. \"Actualidad de Georges de La Tour.\" <em>Goya </em>112 (1973): 200-207.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Held, Julius S. \u201cEmergence of Georges de La Tour.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 61 (April 1973): 82\u201387.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict, and Christopher Wright. <em>Georges De La Tour</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13-15; Reproduced: fig. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tribout de Morembert, Henri. \"Consid\u00e9rations sur Georges de La Tour.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts </em>LXXXIII (April 1974): 227-234.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 227, 230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roskill, Mark W. <em>What Is Art History?</em> New York, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schleier, Erich. \u201dGeorges de La Tour: Essendes Bauernpaar, Zu einer Neuerwerbung der Gem\u00e4ldegalerie.\u201d <em>Jahrbuch Preussischer Kulturbesitz.</em> Berlin: Gebr\u00fcder Mann, 1976.", "page_number": "Referenced: p. 235", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard E. \"A New Book on La Tour.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 118, no. 877 (April 1976): 233-35.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 235", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/878384"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. \u201cReview: <em>Georges de La Tour</em> by Benedict Nicolson, Christopher Wright.\u201d <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 58, No. 3 (September 1976): 452\u2013454.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 453", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3049545"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n191"}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. <em>The International Caravaggesque Movement: Lists of Pictures by Caravaggio and His Followers Throughout Europe from 1590 to 1650</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"The Weeping Heraclitus by Hendrick Terbrugghen in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 121, no. 914 (May 1979): 279-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 284, n. 31", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/879582"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "pp. 90\u201392; fig. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>France in the Golden Age: Seventeenth-Century French Paintings in American Collections</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 258, cat. 40; Reproduced: pp. 85, 259.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. <em>La peinture fran\u00e7aise du XVII\u1d49 si\u00e8le dans les collections am\u00e9ricaines. </em>Paris: Editions de la Reunion des Musees Nationaux, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 75, 259, cat. 40; Reproduced: pp. 85, 259", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brigstocke, Hugh. \u201cFrance in the Golden Age {Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; Exhibit}.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 116 (July 1982): 8\u201314.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wright, Christopher. <em>The Art of the Forger</em>. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12; Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bajou, Thierry. <em>De La Tour. </em>Paris: Fernand Hazan, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 12, 30, 78, 86, 88, 102,", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre and Marion C. Stewart. <em>French Paintings 1500\u20131825. </em>San Francisco: The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Steven. <em>The Art of the Pre-Raphaelites</em>. Secaucus, NJ: Chartwell Books, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quignard, Pascal, and Georges du Mesnil de La Tour. <em>Georges de la Tour &amp; Pascal Quignard</em>. Paris, France: Flohic, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55-56; Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lacau St. Guily, Agne\u0300s, and Georges du Mesnil de La Tour. <em>La Tour, une lumie\u0300re dans la nuit</em>. Paris, France: Mame, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daniels, Stephen. <em>Fields of Vision: Landscape Imagery and National Identity in England and the United States</em>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Polity, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip. <em>The Magdalene with the Smoking Flame.</em> Washington, D.C.: Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 13-14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thuillier, Jacques. <em>Georges de La Tour</em>. Paris, France: Flammarion, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 200, 291\u2013292; Reproduced: p. 201, 291, no. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Russell, John. <em>London</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Egri, Pe\u0301ter. <em>E\u0301rte\u0301k e\u0301s ke\u0301pzelet: Shelley, Turner, Field e\u0301s Chopin</em>. Budapest: Akade\u0301miai Kiado\u0301, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 12, no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le Floch, Jean-Claude. <em>La Tour: le clair et l'obscur</em>. Paris, France: Herscher, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58; Reproduced: p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le Floch, Jean-Claude. <em>Le signe de contradiction: essai sur Georges de La Tour et son \u0153uvre</em>. Rennes, France: Presses universitaires de Rennes 2, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quignard, Pascal. <em>La Nuit et le Silence: Georges de La Tour.</em> [France]: Flohic Editions, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip. <em>Georges De La Tour and His World</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "pp. 26, 112\u2013114, 198, 216, 236, 240, 247\u2013257, 272, 301; cat. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duro, Paul. <em>The Academy and the Limits of Painting in Seventeenth-Century France</em>. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 15\u201317; Reproduced: p. 15, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean Pierre, and Dimitri Salmon. <em>Georges de La Tour: histoire d'une rede\u0301couverte</em>. Paris, France: Gallimard, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chon\u00e9, Paulette. \"Itin\u00e9raire d'un Peintre Lorrain.\" <em>Connaissance des Arts</em>, supp. issue #112 (1997): 30-49.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 38-39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean Pierre, Georges du Mesnil de La Tour, and Pierre Rosenberg. <em>Georges de La Tour: Paris, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, 3 octobre 1997-26 janvier 1998</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 224\u2013225; Reproduced: pp. 225, 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blunt, Anthony, and Richard Beresford. <em>Art and Architecture in France, 1500-1700</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178, no. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre and Bruno Ferte\u0301. <em>Georges de la Tour</em>. Paris, France: Gallimard, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 104\u2013105, 120, cat. 6.; Reproduced: pp. 104\u2013105, 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fert\u00e9, Bruno. \u201cGeorge de La Tour (Vic-sur-Seille 1593\u2013Luneville 1652.\u201d In <em>La luce del vero: Caravaggio, La Tour, Rembrandt, Zurbara\u0301n</em>, pp. 100\u2013126. Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy: Silvana, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118, cat. 10; Reproduced: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seidel, Max. <em>L'Europa e l'arte italiana</em>. Venezia, Italy: Marsilio, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 354; detail, pp. 352, 355, 356", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38; Mentioned: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chone, Paulette, Jean-Claude Boyer, Richard E. Spear, and Irving Lavin. <em>L'a\u0302ge d'or du nocturne</em>. Paris, France: Gallimard, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186, fig. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, and Jean-Pierre Caillet. <em>La peinture franc\u0327aise</em>. Paris, France: Menge\u0300s, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 292", "url": null}, {"citation": "Varese, Ranieri. \"Bilblioteca.\" <em>Critica d'Arte </em>64, no. 12 (December 2001): 11.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "McClintock, Stuart, and Georges du Mesnil de La Tour. <em>The Iconography and Iconology of Georges De La Tour's Religious Paintings, 1624-1650</em>. Lewiston, NY.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Takahashi, Akiya and Jean-Pierre Cuzin. <em>Georges de La Tour: [exposition : 8 mars-29 mai, 2005, Le Muse\u0301e national d'art occidental, Tokyo</em>. Tokyo, Japan: National Museum of Western Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98\u201399, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Judovitz, Dalia. \u201cSpiritual Passion and the Betrayal of Painting in Georges de la Tour.\u201d In <em>Representing Emotions: New Connections in the Histories of Art, Music, and Medicine</em>, edited by Penelope Gouk and Helen Hills, pp. 109\u2013122. Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114, fig. 6.3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York. New York: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 56\u201359", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean-Pierre, Dominique Cordellier, Michel Laclotte, and Antoinette Le Normand-Romain. <em>Figures de la re\u0301alite\u0301 caravagesques franc\u0327ais, Georges de La Tour, les fre\u0300res Le Nain</em>. Paris, France: Hazan, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 217, fig. 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reinbold, Anne. \u201cSignatures and Attribution: the Question of the Workshop.\u201d In <em>Georges De La Tour in Milan: The Adoration of the Shepherds, Christ with Saint Joseph in the Carpenter's Shop</em>, edited by Valeria Merlini, Dimitri Salmon, and Daniela Stori. Milan, Italy: Skira, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 64, fig. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lavin, Irving. \"Georges de La Tour: les larmes de saint Pierre et la lumi\u00e8re \u00abocculte\u00bb de la p\u00e9nitence.\" In <em>L'\u00c2ge d'or du nocturne. </em>Paris: Gallimard, 2001.", "page_number": "pp. 186, 189\u2013190; figs. 108\u2013113", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 198-199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 186", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salmon, Dimitri, and Andre\u0301s Ubeda de los Cobos, eds. <em>Georges De La Tour: 1593-1652.</em> Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.150-151, no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean-Pierre, et. al. <em>Le Saint Joseph Charpentier de Georges de la Tour: Un Don au Louvre de Percy Moore Turner. </em>[Gent]: Snoeck, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 213, n. 2505", "url": null}, {"citation": "Judovitz, Dalia. <em>Georges De La Tour and the Enigma of the Visible</em>. New York: Fordham University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 6-7; 10, 34-37; 43; Reproduced: Pl. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neer, Richard. <em>Painting as a Way of Life : Philosophy and Practice in French Art, 1620-1640</em>. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 208-209, fig. 83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Georges de La Tour: Entre Ombre et Lumi\u00e8re. </em>Edited by Soline Massot and Anne-Claire Juramie. Paris, Vanves: Culturespaces; \u00c9ditions Hazan, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 120, 122, no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chon\u00e9, Paulette. <em>Georges de La Tour Impr\u00e9vu</em>. Paris: Fayard, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127-134; Reproduced: Color plates", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.454", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.454/1951.454_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "893", "filesize": "404648", "filename": "1951.454_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.454/1951.454_print.jpg", "width": "2769", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6304117", "filename": "1951.454_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.454/1951.454_full.tif", "width": "4887", "height": "6000", "filesize": "87999412", "filename": "1951.454_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.454/1951.454_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "893", "filesize": "404648"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.454/1951.454_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2769", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6304117"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.454/1951.454_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4887", "height": "6000", "filesize": "87999412"}, "date_created": "2008-11-05T16:07:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.454/1951.454_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "733", "height": "893", "filesize": "341062"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.454/1951.454_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2791", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5434150"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.454/1951.454_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4104", "height": "5000", "filesize": "61582176"}, "date_created": "2007-02-15T21:05:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 128842, "creators": [{"id": 1910, "description": "Georges de La Tour (French, 1593\u20131652)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1593", "death_year": "1652", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-11-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1645, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1645", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Repentant St. Peter"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:39:16.147000"}, {"id": 98823, "accession_number": "1918.501", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Amitabha Triad (\uae08\ub3d9\uc544\ubbf8\ud0c0\uc5ec\ub798\uc0bc\uc874\uc88c\uc0c1 [\uf90a\u9285\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u5982\u4f86\u4e09\u5c0a\u5750\u50cf]), 1400s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Bronze with traces of gilding; overall: 40.6 x 16.5 x 54.6 cm (16 x 6 1/2 x 21 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Worcester R. Warner Collection, 1918.501", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Amitabha Triad", "title_in_original_language": "\uae08\ub3d9\uc544\ubbf8\ud0c0\uc5ec\ub798\uc0bc\uc874\uc88c\uc0c1 [\uf90a\u9285\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u5982\u4f86\u4e09\u5c0a\u5750\u50cf]", "creation_date": "1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1499, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "bronze with traces of gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 40.6 x 16.5 x 54.6 cm (16 x 6 1/2 x 21 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.406, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.165, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.546, "depth_inch": 21, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 207358, "title": "Korean Art in Early Chos\u00f6n, 1400-1600", "description": "<i>Korean Art in Early Chos\u00f6n, 1400-1600</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 17-June 21, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 540063, "title": "Like a Lotus Unstained by Mud", "description": "<i>Like a Lotus Unstained by Mud</i>. Hoam Museum of Art, Kyunggi-do, Korea (Republic of) (March 19-June 23, 2024) https://www.leeumhoam.org/hoam/exhibition/77.", "opening_date": "2024-03-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 695133, "title": "Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art", "description": "<i>Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10, 2026-April 25, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Buddhist Art. Detroit Institute of Arts, Twenty-Fourth Loan Exhibition, October, 1942</em>. Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-10-01T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Worcester R. Warner [1846\u20131929], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1918\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The small scale suggests that this rare bronze triad might have been displayed in a personal shrine rather than a large worship hall.", "description": "This bronze triad depicts Amitabha, the Buddha of Western Paradise, at the center, flanked by two bodhisattvas: Ksitigarbha on his left and Avalokite\u015bvara on his right. Ksitigarbha is believed to rescue those tormented beings from purgatory, while Avalokite\u015bvara offers relief to those suffering in the mortal realm. <br><br>An exceptionally rare statue from the 1400s, this piece entered the CMA\u2019s collection in 1918. It was discovered in Korea in 1916 by Langdon Warner (1881\u20131955), who was serving as the CMA\u2019s field agent. In a letter dated December 4, 1916, Warner expressed not only his excitement upon finding the triad in a local pawn shop but also his satisfaction at purchasing it at a significantly reduced price.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756022"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.501-amitabha-triad"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Warner, Langdon. \"Bronze Korean Trinity.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 7, no. 6 (1920): 79\u201380.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp. 79\u201380", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136383"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Buddhist Art. Detroit Institute of Arts, Twenty-Fourth Loan Exhibition, October, 1942</em>. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 89, p. 35; Reproduced: cat. no. 89, p. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 892", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Kim, Hongnam. <em>The Story of a Painting: A Korean Buddhist Treasure from the Mary and Jackson Burke Foundation</em>. New York: Asia Society Galleries, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 47, cat. no. 4; Reproduced: p. 4, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., \"Land of Morning Calm\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 37 no. 07, September 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 4\u20135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1997-07/page/4"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson.<em> Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 239", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 94, pp. 85\u201386, p. 119; Reproduced: p. 86", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Choe, Song-eun. \u201cAbout Amitabha Buddha Images of the Late Unified Silla and Early Goryeo Periods [\ub098\ub9d0\uc5ec\ucd08 \uc544\ubbf8\ud0c0\ubd88\uc0c1\uc758 \ub3c4\uc0c1\uc801 \uace0\ucc30].\u201d <em>Kangjwa misulsa</em> (2006): 213\u2013234.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/author/authorDetail?ancId=2589316"}, {"citation": "Lee, So-young, Ja-hyun Kim Haboush, Sun-pyo Hong, and Chin-Sung Chang. <em>Art of the Korean Renaissance, 1400-1600. </em>New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34. cat. no. 13, Mentioned: p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yim, Nam-su and Jeong Eun-woo. \u201cChanges in Fashioning Small Gilt Bronze Buddhist Statues and their Techniques from the Late Goryeo to Early Joseon Periods [\uc5ec\ub9d0\uc120\ucd08 \uc18c\uae08\ub3d9\ubd88\uc758 \uc720\ud589\uacfc \uc81c\uc791\uae30\ubc95\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654].\" <em>Misul sahak</em> (2010): 259\u2013290.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01524104"}, {"citation": "Glassman, Hank. <em>The Face of Jizo\u0304: Image and Cult in Medieval Japanese Buddhism</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77, fig 2.11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 130\u2013131", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 252", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n27/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, OH]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Song, Un-sok. \"Korea's Joseon-Dynasty Buddhist Sculptures in American Museums\" In <em>Arts of Korea: Histories, Challenges, and Perspectives</em>, edited by Jason Steuber, and Allysa B. Peyton, 218\u2013243. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222, fig. 10.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"The Past and Present of the Korean Collection in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 22\u201337. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 23\u201324, fig. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 142\u2013145, no. 99", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.501", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.501/1918.501_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "136454", "filename": "1918.501_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.501/1918.501_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2549", "filesize": "1494432", "filename": "1918.501_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.501/1918.501_full.tif", "width": "13934", "height": "10448", "filesize": "436775888", "filename": "1918.501_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.501/1918.501_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "129659"}, "print": {"url": 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Warner Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "40c2bc8689404868888c6dc0bd7ea2a3", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/40c2bc8689404868888c6dc0bd7ea2a3", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98823, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-09-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.287000"}, {"id": 164628, "accession_number": "2006.137", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "A Paramount Picture, 1934. Reginald Marsh (American, born France, 1898\u20131954). Tempera on Masonite; framed: 107.3 x 86.4 x 4.5 cm (42 1/4 x 34 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 90.8 x 70.5 cm (35 3/4 x 27 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2006.137. \u00a9 Estate of Reginald Marsh / Art Students League, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "226B American Modern", "title": "A Paramount Picture", "creation_date": "1934", "creation_date_earliest": 1934, "creation_date_latest": 1934, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "tempera on Masonite", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 107.3 x 86.4 x 4.5 cm (42 1/4 x 34 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 90.8 x 70.5 cm (35 3/4 x 27 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.073, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.864, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.908, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.705, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Reginald Marsh / Art Students League, New York / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 224514, "title": "Swing Time:  Reginald Marsh and Thirties New York", "description": "<i>Swing Time:  Reginald Marsh and Thirties New York</i>. New-York Historical Society, New York, NY (organizer) (June 21-September 2, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 521173, "title": "Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession", "description": "<i>Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 1, 2023-January 28, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New-York Historical Society (6/21/2013 - 9/2/2013):  \"Swing Time:  Reginald Marsh and Thirties New York\"", "opening_date": "2013-06-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Senator William Benton; Marjorie and Charles Benton, Wilmette, IL", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1973", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Merrill C. Berman, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1996", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(D. Wigmore Fine Art, Inc. New York, NY sold to Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 2002", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2006-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Marsh kept meticulous records, indicating that he created this painting between September 5\u201324, 1934.", "description": "Contrasting the real lives of everyday people with the reel lives of movie stars, this painting portrays a working-class woman standing by a Times Square theater in front of a large poster advertising Cecil B. DeMille\u2019s blockbuster movie <em>Cleopatra</em>, starring Claudette Colbert in the title role. Enormously popular, such film spectacles offered escapist glamour, romance, and power amid the challenges of the Great Depression. Yet, despite the distraction of the city and its entertainments, the woman remains weary and essentially alone in the crowd.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480344"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lant, Antonia, \"The Curse of the Pharaoh, or How Cinema Contracted Egyptomania,\" <em>October </em>59 (Winter 1992).<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 112; Reproduced p. 111.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lant, Antonia, \"The Curse of the Pharoah, or How Cinema Contracted Egyptomania,\" in Matthew Bernstein and Gaylyn Studlar, eds., V<em>isions of the East: Orientalism in Film </em>(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 93; Reproduced p. 92.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lant, Antonia, \"The Curse of the Pharaoh, or How Cinema Contracted Egyptomania,\" in Matthew Bernstein and Gaylyn Studlar, eds., <em>Visions of the East: Orientalism in Film </em>(New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 93; reproduced p. 92.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201c\u2019Art of Today\u2019 Put on Exhibition at Albright Gallery, Buffalo.\u201d <em>The Art Digest </em>10 (January 15th, 1936).", "page_number": "Rerpoduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. <em>Reginald Marsh. </em>New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc. Publishers, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sokol, David M. \u201cSolitude: Inner Visions in American Art.\u201d In <em>Solitude: Inner Visions in American Art</em> <em>September 25- December 30,1982. </em>Evanston: Terra Museum of American Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13,15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cohen, Marilyn. <em>Reginald Marsh\u2019s New York: Paintings, Drawings, Prints and Photographs. </em>New York: Whitney Museum of Art, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52; Reproduced: inside front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Doss, Erika. \u201cImages of American Women in the 1930s: Reginald Marsh and <em>Paramount Picture.</em>\u201d <em>Woman\u2019s Art Journal </em>4 (Fall/Winter 1983).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1,3", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cSpellbound in Darkness.\u201d In <em>Hollywood: Legend and Reality, </em>reproduction 17. Michael Webb, ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, in association with Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cohen, Marilyn Ann. \u201cReginald Marsh: An Interpretation of His Art.\u201d PhD. Diss., New York University, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 73,92,182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Todd, Ellen Wiley. \u201cSex for Sale: Reginald Marsh\u2019s Voluptuous Shopper.\u201d In <em>The \u2018New Woman\u2019 Revised: Painting and Gender Politics on Fourteenth Street. </em>Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200, 211-217,355-358", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Avis. \u201cReginald Marsh: Eros and the City.\u201d In <em>Reginald Marsh\u2019s New York. </em>New York: D C Moore Gallery, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1, 6-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Charney, Leo. \u201cIn Order: Fragmentation in Film and Vaudeville.\u201d In <em>On the Edge of Your Seat: Popular Theater and Film in Early Twentieth-Century American Art, </em>107-123. Robert C. Allen, C. Lance Brockman, Leo Charney, Walter Murch, David Nasaw, Robert Silberman, Laural Weintraub, Sylvia Yount, and Rebecca Zurier. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cHighlights from the Collection.\u201d In D. Wigmore Fine Art, Inc. catalog, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \u201cMuseum buys Marsh\u2019s \u2018Paramount\u2019.\u201d <em>Plain Dealer, </em>September 14, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. F1, F4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"A Paramount Picture\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 01, January 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-01/page/8"}, {"citation": "\u201cAcquisitions.\u201d <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Annual Report </em>July 1, 2006- June 30, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/atoztitles/link?rft.issn=1922-2009"}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \u201cObjects of Desire: Collecting American Paintings at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d In <em>What\u2019s American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>Henry Adams. Manchester: the Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Hudson Hills Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13; Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What\u2019s American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Manchester: The Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Hudson Hills Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134-135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \u201cA Picture Finds Its Frame.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art </em>50 no. 4 (July/August 2010).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26-27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"A Picture Finds Its Frame.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 50, no. 4 (July/August 2010): 26-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 26-27", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-04/page/n25/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. \u201cRecent Acquisitions (2005-11) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>154, no. 1312 (July 2012).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 532", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bronfen, Elisabeth. \u201cAuf der Suche nach Kleopatra: Das Nachleben einer kulturellen Ikone.\u201d In <em>Kleopatra: Die Ewige Diva. </em>Italy: Alle Rechte vorbehalten, in association with Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle de Bundespreublik Deutschland, Bonn, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8,18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Russeth, Andrew. \u201c\u2019Swing Time: Reginald Marsh and Thirties New York\u2019 at the New-York Historical Society.\u201d <em>Gallerist NY, </em>June 25, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Russeth, Andrew. \u201c\u2019Swing Time: Reginald Marsh and Thirties New York\u2019 at the New-York Historical Society.\u201d <em>Observer, </em>June 25, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>New York: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Doss, Erika. \u201cParamount Pictures: Reginald Marsh and the Image of the American Woman in the 1930s.\u201d <em>American Studies Exchange </em>(Fall 1982).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3-12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bovot, Jean-Luc. \"Le Cin\u00e9ma \u00c9gyptisant \u00c0 l'\u00c9poque de l'Art D\u00e9co.\" In <em>Art de\u0301co: \u00c9gyptomanie, </em>edited by Jean-Marcel Humbert, 167-179. Paris, France: Norma E\u0301ditions, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2006.137", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Hammond Hemmelgarn Family Gallery", "athena_id": 164628, "creators": [{"id": 31614, "description": "Reginald Marsh (American, born France, 1898\u20131954)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1898", "death_year": "1954", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-09-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1934, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1934", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:40.265000"}, {"id": 147938, "accession_number": "1974.39", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Interior of the Pantheon, Rome, 1747. Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, 1691\u20131765). Oil on canvas; framed: 147.5 x 120 x 5 cm (58 1/16 x 47 1/4 x 1 15/16 in.); unframed: 127 x 97.8 cm (50 x 38 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1974.39", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Interior of the Pantheon, Rome", "creation_date": "1747", "creation_date_earliest": 1747, "creation_date_latest": 1747, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 147.5 x 120 x 5 cm (58 1/16 x 47 1/4 x 1 15/16 in.); Unframed: 127 x 97.8 cm (50 x 38 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.475, "height_inch": 58, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.2, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.05, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.27, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.978, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"ROMAE / [I] P. PANINI. 1747.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1974</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "<i>Collecting Drawings in England</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Year in Review for 1974.</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Tyrwhitt-Drake (\"Shardeloes,\" Amersham, Buckinghamshire, UK) (sold, Christie\u2019s, London, July 25, 1952, no. 148, to Reder)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "1952 -    Reder", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "David Koetser (New York, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "- 1969   Walter P. Chrysler", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "1969 - 1974   Eugene V. Thaw (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Panini's depictions of contemporary and ancient Rome were popular with foreigners who visited the city on their Grand Tours.", "description": "Created as a temple under the Roman emperor Hadrian around the year AD 125, the Pantheon became a Christian church in 609. Significant restoration took place in the early 1700s, a period of renewed attention to early Christian monuments. The site was a major monument of antiquity, an active church, and its portico, visible through the door, held the most important art fair in the city. Panini shows the complexity of this public space by representing foreign tourists, local churchgoers, Roman nobles, and artists mingling under the dome.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472658"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.39-interior-of-the-pant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Portland Art Museum. <em>Paintings from the Collection of Walter P. Chrysler, Jr. </em>An Exhibition Organized 1956 by the Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR: Portland Art Association, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grieg, T. P. \"In the Auction Rooms.\" <em>The Connoisseur </em>CXXX (1959): 137-138.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olsen, Harald. <em>Italian Paintings and Sculpture in Denmark</em>. Copenhagen, Denmark: Munksgaard, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arisi, Ferdinando. <em>Gian Paolo Panini</em>. Piacenza, Italy: Cassa di Risparmio, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188, no. 199; Mentioned: p. 325", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, Nancy Coe. \"Interior of the Pantheon, Rome, by Giovanni Paolo Panini,\"  <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXII</em>, no. 9 (November, 1975): 263-269.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 263, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1974.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXII, no.3 (March, 1975):62-103.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76, no. 50; Mentioned: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n165"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 382; Mentioned: p. 383-384", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arisi, Ferdinando. <em>Gian Paolo Panini e i fasti della Roma del'700</em>. Roma, Italy: U. Bozzi, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 419, no. 374", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery S. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arisi, Ferdinando. <em>Gian Paolo Panini: Work in Progress</em>. London, United Kingdom: Chaucer Fine Arts, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23-26", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cNew in the Galleries.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 58, no. 2 (March/April 2018): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n21/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.39", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "900", "filesize": "235779", "filename": "1974.39_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_print.jpg", "width": "2618", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2593717", "filename": "1974.39_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_full.tif", "width": "11106", "height": "14424", "filesize": "480609428", "filename": "1974.39_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "900", "filesize": "241279"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2658", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2778477"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11302", "height": "14458", "filesize": "490242860"}, "date_created": "2017-01-23T14:00:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "900", "filesize": "239046"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2732", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5044014"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.39/1974.39_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5914", "height": "7360", "filesize": "130610896"}, "date_created": "2017-01-23T14:11:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 147938, "creators": [{"id": 2249, "description": "Giovanni Paolo Panini (Italian, 1691\u20131765)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1691", "death_year": "1765", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-05-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1747, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1747", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:40.033000"}, {"id": 153603, "accession_number": "1987.136", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Machtelt Suijs, c. 1540\u201345. Maerten van Heemskerck (Dutch, 1498\u20131574). Oil on wood; framed: 107 x 97 x 8 cm (42 1/8 x 38 3/16 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 85 x 74 cm (33 7/16 x 29 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1987.136", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "Portrait of Machtelt Suijs", "creation_date": "c. 1540\u201345", "creation_date_earliest": 1540, "creation_date_latest": 1545, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Flemish", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 107 x 97 x 8 cm (42 1/8 x 38 3/16 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 85 x 74 cm (33 7/16 x 29 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.07, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.97, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.85, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.74, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "note on cradle appears on a notation in chalk (originally) slightly scratched faintly letters \" Mr A.M.C [?] or K [?] Reyve\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1987</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 334961, "title": "Forget Me Not", "description": "<i>Forget Me Not</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (September 30, 2021-January 16, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338314, "title": "Maarten Van Heemskerck (1498-1574)", "description": "<i>Maarten Van Heemskerck (1498-1574)</i>. Stedelijk Museum Alkmaar, Alkmaar, Netherlands (organizer) (September 28, 2024-January 19, 2025) https://stedelijkmuseumalkmaar.nl/nu-te-zien/verwacht/maarten-van-heemskerck.", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 1988: \"Year in Review 1987,\" Bull. 75 (Feb. 1988), p. 65, no. 21, color repr. p. 40.", "opening_date": "1988-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew & Sons, London, and Bruno Meissner, Zurich, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Nouveau Drouot, Paris, sale, March 17, 1987, no. 147, sold to Thomas Agnew and Bruno Meissner)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The painting was in private hands until it appeared in this auction, before which it was unknown.&nbsp; The painting is listed in the catalogue section containing works consigned by \u201cdivers amateurs.\u201d</div>"], "date": "1987", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection, Tournai (?), Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The museum's files indicate this painting was owned by a private collector in Tournai whose identity remains unknown.</div>"], "date": "Possibly until 1987", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Dirick [1512-1578] and Machtelt van Teijlingen [d. after 1581], Alkmaar, Holland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1540/1545-after 1581", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The coat of arms depicts golden pile drivers, indicating the family construction business.", "description": "Maerten van Heemskerck lived in Rome for four years (1532\u201336) and was deeply affected by the city's art and antiquities. Here, the half-length, seated figure, the tense yet elegant hands, and even the grotesque classical mask reflect the impact of that experience, while the love of meticulously represented textures is traditionally associated with northern European art. Machtelt Suijs married Dirick van Teijlingen in 1535 and lived in Alkmaar (the Netherlands), where Heemskerck must have painted her. The coat-of-arms that hangs from the mask combines family emblems, indicating that her portrait must have been accompanied by one (now lost) of her husband.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475929"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.136-portrait-of-machtelt"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, letter to Evan Turner, July 1, 1987, in CMA curatorial", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Evan Turner, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, April 7, 1987, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "H\u00f4tel Drouot. <em>Objets d'art et de tr\u00e8s bel ameublement principalement du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle; dessins et tableaux anciens</em>.  March 17, 1987.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review,\u201d <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art News &amp; Calendar</em>, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, letter to Evan Turner, July 1, 1987, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Evan Turner, letter to Ann Lurie, April 7, 1987, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler.  \u201cHeemskerck\u2019s Portrait of Machtelt Suijs at The Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d T<em>he Burlington Magazine </em>134, no. 1076 (Nov., 1992): 698-706.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1987.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 2 (February 1988): 30\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40; Mentioned: p. 65, no. 21", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160017"}, {"citation": "Dudok van Heel, S. A. C. \"Andries Willemsz. van Oudshoorn en Alkmaarse opdrachten aan Maarten van Heemskerck.\" In <em>Face book: studies on Dutch and Flemish portraiture of the 16th-18th centuries. </em>Leiden: Primavera Pers, 2012. pp. 45-54.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 51, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perkinson, Stephen, and Naomi Speakman. <em>The Ivory Mirror: The Art of Mortality in Renaissance Europe. </em>Brunswick, Maine: Bowdoin College Museum of Ar,t 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18, fig. 3;  Mentioned: p. 265", "url": null}, {"citation": "Veldman, Ilja M., Martin van Heemskerk, Mireille te Marvelde, Jessica Roeders, Frans Halsmuseum, Teylers Museum, and Alkmaar (Netherlands). Stedelijk Museum. Maarten van Heemskerck 1498-1574. Haarlem, Haarlem, Alkmaar, Zwolle: Frans Hals Museum ; Teylers Museum ; Stedelijk Museum Alkmaar ; Wbooks, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140, 6.23, and p. 279, no. 37; Mentioned: p. 141", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.136", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_web.jpg", "width": "779", "height": "900", "filesize": "211838", "filename": "1987.136_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_print.jpg", "width": "2942", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2544940", "filename": "1987.136_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_full.tif", "width": "11216", "height": "12960", "filesize": "436111236", "filename": "1987.136_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "819", "height": "900", "filesize": "210389"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3095", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2200107"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4865", "height": "5345", "filesize": "78043400"}, "date_created": "2018-11-07T13:14:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "828", "height": "900", "filesize": "220401"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3128", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2262849"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5064", "height": "5504", "filesize": "83655976"}, "date_created": "2018-11-07T13:06:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "773", "height": "893", "filesize": "99682"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2945", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1365466"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4642", "height": "5359", "filesize": "74654636"}, "date_created": "2012-02-24T13:57:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "782", "height": "893", "filesize": "112885"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2978", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1932763"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4900", "height": "5594", "filesize": "82259548"}, "date_created": "2012-02-24T14:46:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "796", "height": "893", "filesize": "435924"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3029", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5672049"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.136/1987.136_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5346", "height": "6000", "filesize": "96263444"}, "date_created": "2007-06-07T18:45:18", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153603, "creators": [{"id": 2858, "description": "Maerten van Heemskerck (Dutch, 1498\u20131574)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1498", "death_year": "1574", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-09-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1540, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1540\u201345", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The panel is in remarkably good condition for a painting from the mid-1500s. Old losses, which run vertically along the plank joins, indicate a history of previous instability. This is likely what led to the addition of the cradle (fixed vertical and sliding horizontal battens on the reverse), a common treatment in the past, but now replaced with more sensitive stabilization methods that are less constraining. A 3\u20137 mm (about 0.28 in.) band of exposed wood with a raised gesso ridge is present along the top and bottom edges. This would seem to indicate that an \u201cengaged\u201d frame was once part of the original structure. Infrared reflectography reveals changes to the chair posts executed in lead-tin yellow, but does not indicate any underdrawing in a carbon-based media over the white chalk (calcium carbonate) ground layer. Interestingly, Heemskerck added a calcium-rich glass to some of his paint, notably in the red sleeves where glazes of a transparent red lake colorant were applied over top of vermilion and lead white paint layers. While the paint layer is in excellent condition, retouchings (inpainting) from a prior treatment had lifted away from older waxy fill material and become matte. These conditions led to the decision to conserve the painting in 2019. The old problematic fills were removed and replaced, followed by inpainting with powdered pigments ground in an aldehyde resin-based varnish.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Machtelt Suijs"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:56:04.932000"}, {"id": 155860, "accession_number": "1991.163", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Young Eastern Woman, 1838. Friedrich Amerling (Austrian, 1803\u20131887). Oil on fabric; framed: 106.5 x 90.5 x 9 cm (41 15/16 x 35 5/8 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 88.5 x 71.5 cm (34 13/16 x 28 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1991.163", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "The Young Eastern Woman", "creation_date": "1838", "creation_date_earliest": 1838, "creation_date_latest": 1838, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 106.5 x 90.5 x 9 cm (41 15/16 x 35 5/8 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 88.5 x 71.5 cm (34 13/16 x 28 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.065, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.905, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.885, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.715, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 221840, "title": "Friedrich von Amerling (1803-1887)", "description": "<i>Friedrich von Amerling (1803-1887)</i>. Belvedere, Wien, Austria (organizer) (March 26-June 22, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Vienna, kk Akademie der Bildenden K\u00fcnste. Wiener Kunstaustellung zu St. Anna (1838), no. 282.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Osterreichische Galerie Belvedere, Vienna (3/26/2003 - 6/22/2003):  \"Friedrich von Amerling (1803-1887),\" exh.cat. no. 69, p. 219.", "opening_date": "2003-03-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Wien: Wien Museum Hermesvilla.  Orientalische Reise: Malerei Und Exotick Im Spaten 19. Jahrhundert. Oct. 16, 2003 - April 12, 2004.  Exh. cat. fig. 8, p. 43.", "opening_date": "2003-10-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Sanct Lucas, Vienna, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-1991", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Heirs of Franz Wertheim, United States, sold to the Galerie Sanct Lucas", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1883-1971", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Baron Franz Wertheim [1814-1883], Vienna, by descent to his heirs", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Gunther Probszt\u2019s 1927 book on Amerling situates the painting in the collection of Baron Franz Wertheim.&nbsp; Because Wertheim died in 1883, it is possible that Probszt meant to indicate that the painting was formerly with Wertheim, or that the painting was currently with Wertheim\u2019s heirs, perhaps Franz von Wertheim, Jr., who was born in 1865.</div>"], "date": "Date description:", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "L\u00f6scher, Vienna", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->L\u00f6scher was a Viennese dealer active in the 1870s.</div>"], "date": "1871-", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(P. Kaeser, Vienna, Fellner sale, Dec. 14-15, 1871, lot 9, as \"Die Morgenl\u00e4nderin,\" sold to L\u00f6scher)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1871", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Jakob Fellner, Vienna", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Fellner bought most of the Feldm\u00fcller collection shortly after 1852.</div>"], "date": "c. 1852-1871", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Mathias Feldm\u00fcller (the Younger), Vienna, sold to Jakob Fellne", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Amerling's account book, the painting was sold to Feldm\u00fcller, a wood merchant, for 80 ducats.&nbsp; The painting may have been paired with Amerling's \"Bathing Woman\" (now lost).&nbsp; Feldm\u00fcller also purchased works from Amerling in 1836, 1840, and 1850.</div>"], "date": "1838-c. 1852", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One can see in Amerling's sensitive and beautiful portrayal why he was well known and admired for his portraits.", "description": "Although the artist provocatively titled this painting Young Eastern Woman, it is obvious that the model is not Asian, but merely wears a Turkish costume. The rich fabrics and glowing light create an exotic atmosphere, revealing a Western fascination with \"Oriental\" images and themes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476663"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.163-the-young-eastern-wo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Galerie Sanct Lucas, invoice, March 1, 1992, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Sanct Lucas, invoice, March 1, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Sanct Lucas, invoice, March 1, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "P. Kaeser.  <em>Tabl. 120. </em> Dec. 14-15, 1871.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>P. Kaeser.  <em>Tabl. 120. </em> Dec. 14-15, 1871.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Sanct Lucas, invoice, March 1, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Sanct Lucas, invoice, March 1, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "P. Kaeser.  <em>Tabl. 120. </em> Dec. 14-15, 1871.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Sanct Lucas, invoice, March 1, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Selected 1991 Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 2 (1992): 63-83.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 65, 76; Reproduced: p. 70", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161350"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \u201cFerdinand Georg Waldm\u00fcller in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Portrait of Crescentia, Countess Zichy (later Countess Sz\u00e9chenyi) with a Parrot and a Camellia in a Mountainous Landscape.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 1 (1994): 3-17.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161437"}, {"citation": "Grabner, Sabine. \"Art for the Bourgeoisie in Imperial Vienna.\" In<em> Is That Biedermeier?: Amerling, Waldmu\u0308ller, and More. </em>Ferdinand Georg Waldmu\u0308ller, 14-25. M\u00fcnchen: Hirmer Verlag; Vienna: Belvedere, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22 Mentioned: p. 21-22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 12-15, Vol. I, no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ware, Zaria. Blk Art: The Audacious Legacy of Black Artists and Models in Western Art.  New York, NY : Harper Design, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60-61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Friedrich von Amerling: Werkverzeichnis Der Gema\u0308lde = Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Paintings.</em> Edited by Stella Rollig and Luisa Ziaja. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 149-150, no. 470", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.163", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.163/1991.163_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "382243", "filename": "1991.163_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.163/1991.163_print.jpg", "width": "2737", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5453852", "filename": "1991.163_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.163/1991.163_full.tif", "width": "4830", "height": "6000", "filesize": "86972208", "filename": "1991.163_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 155860, "creators": [{"id": 2879, "description": "Friedrich Amerling (Austrian, 1803\u20131887)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Friedrich Amerling grew up in a poor working-class milieu and started his career illuminating maps and prints before attending the Vienna academy from 1815 until 1824. The following two years he studied at the academy in Prague, until his sojourn in London from 1827 through 1828. Amerling went to London primarily to meet the portraitist Thomas Lawrence (1769-1830), whose fame had spread throughout Europe and whose work, together with that of Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792), would form an important influence on Amerling's art. After a brief stay in Paris, during which Amerling met Vernet (q.v.), he went on to Rome. Back in Vienna he painted the life-size portrait of Emperor Franz I (1832/33, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna), which, despite its mixed reviews, estab-lished his reputation as the foremost portrait painter in Vienna. From then on he received many portrait commissions from the Viennese aristocracy and bourgeoisie (see Waldm\u00fcller, Countess Sz\u00e9chenyi, fig. 223b). In 1833 Amerling traveled to the Netherlands and, upon his return, visited the artistic centers of Munich and D\u00fcsseldorf, where he met the influential academy director Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow (1788-1862). Amerling's career reached its height from the 1830s through the 1850s. In the early 1840s he traveled to Rome where he worked with Leopold Pollak (1806-1880) and August Riedel (1799-1883), who influenced his work with their depictions of Italian beauties. Besides painting formal portraits, Amerling developed a painting category that remained close to portraiture but crossed over to a slightly sentimental type of genre or character painting, mostly depicting single women in coquettish poses. Although Amerling retained a certain popularity throughout his long career-he was knighted in 1879-he failed to adapt to changing artistic developments and was eventually overshadowed by artists such as Hans Makart (1840-1884).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1803", "death_year": "1887", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-12-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1838, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1838", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:05:58.756000"}, {"id": 160289, "accession_number": "1998.168", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Lisa Colt Curtis, 1898. John Singer Sargent (American, born Italy, 1856\u20131925). Oil on canvas; framed: 249 x 134 x 9.5 cm (98 1/16 x 52 3/4 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 219.3 x 104.8 cm (86 5/16 x 41 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1998.168", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Portrait of Lisa Colt Curtis", "creation_date": "1898", "creation_date_earliest": 1898, "creation_date_latest": 1898, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 249 x 134 x 9.5 cm (98 1/16 x 52 3/4 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 219.3 x 104.8 cm (86 5/16 x 41 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.49, "height_inch": 98, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.34, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 2.193, "height_inch": 86, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.048, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed: To Ralph and Mrs. Ralph, John S. Sargent 1898", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 216458, "title": "Sargent and Italy", "description": "<i>Sargent and Italy</i>. Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara (Galleria d'Arte Moderna et Contemporanea) (September 29, 2002-January 6, 2003); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (February 9-May 11, 2003); Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (June 21-September 14, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-09-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 226362, "title": "Gondola Days: Isabella Stewart Gardner and the Palazzo Barbaro Circle", "description": "<i>Gondola Days: Isabella Stewart Gardner and the Palazzo Barbaro Circle</i>. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, MA (organizer) (April 20-August 15, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-04-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Ferrara, Italy, Palazzo dei Diamanti, Sargent and Italy (22 September 2002-6 January 2003); traveled to Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (2 February-11 May 2003); to Denver, Denver Art  Museum (28 June-21 September 2003); illus. p. 165.", "opening_date": "2003-02-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Gondola Days: Isabella Stewart Gardner and the Palazzo Barbaro Circle (21 April-15 August 2004); illus. fig. 48, p. 73, listed p. 275 as Lisa Curtis; pp. 70-75.", "opening_date": "2004-04-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1998-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, New York, Dec. 29, 1998, private treaty sale to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1998", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Patricia Curtis Vigan\u00f2, Venice, Italy; Lisa Marjorie Curtis de Beaumont, France; and Ralph D. Curtis, Venice, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Probably 1973 - probably 1998", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph Wormeley Curtis, Jr. [1909-1973] Venice, Italy, and Paris, France, by descent to his children Patricia Curtis Vigan\u00f2, Lisa Marjorie Curtis de Beaumont, and Ralph D. Curtis", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Probably 1936 - probably 1973", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Sylvia Curtis Steinert [1899-1981], Paris and Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, France, to her brother, Ralph Wormeley Curtis, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The painting apparently resided in the Villa Sylvia, Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, until Sylvia Curtis Steinert sold the property upon her divorce in 1936.&nbsp; Subsequently it was transferred to her brother, who resided in the family home at the Palazzo Barbaro, Venice; he is listed as the painting\u2019s owner when it was published in 1956 and 1970.&nbsp; According to Patricia Curtis Vigan\u00f2, the art in the Palazzo Barbaro was crated and stored at the Doge\u2019s Palace in Venice for safekeeping during the Second World War.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably 1933 - probably 1936", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Ralph Wormeley Curtis [1854-1922] and Lisette De Wolf Colt Curtis [1867-1933], Paris and Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, France, probably by descent to their daughter Sylvia Curtis Steinert", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The painting, inscribed \u201cTo Ralph and Mrs. Ralph / John S. Sargent 1898,\u201d was a wedding gift from Sargent, Ralph Wormeley Curtis\u2019s distant cousin.&nbsp; The portrait was photographed in situ at the Villa Sylvia, Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat around 1927.</div>"], "date": "1898 - probably 1933", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although known as John Singer Sargent today, he almost never used his middle name during his lifetime.", "description": "One of the most sought-after painters of his era, Sargent achieved considerable critical and financial success portraying cosmopolitan members of high society on both sides of the Atlantic. Here, the artist depicts an acquaintance\u2014a relative of the Colt firearms family\u2014who had recently married his distant cousin Ralph. In her portrait, Curtis wears an elegant satin dress and poses as if she were welcoming guests into her palatial Venetian home. The painting apparently was a wedding gift to the couple by the artist; its inscription at the top right reads, \"To Ralph and Mrs. Ralph, John S. Sargent 1898.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477599"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.168-portrait-of-lisa-col"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Berendt, John. <em>The City of Falling Angels</em>. 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 164.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ormond, Richard. <em>John Singer Sargent: Paintings, Drawings, Watercolors. </em>New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 251.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>McKibben, David, <em>Sargent\u2019s Boston, with an Essay &amp; a Biographical Summary &amp; A Complete Check List of Sargent\u2019s</em> <em>Portraits</em>. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cox, E.H.M., \u201cHouses &amp; Gardens of the Riviera: Villa Sylvia, Cap Ferrat, The Home of Mrs. Lisa Curtis, <em>Country Life </em>61 (January 15, 1927): 91", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Downes, William Howe. <em>John S. Sargent: His Life and Work. </em>Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1925.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Franco Maria Ricci (Firm). <em>FMR: The Magazine of Franco Maria Ricci</em> 118 (October 2002).", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 12.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sargent, John Singer, Elaine Kilmurray, and Richard Ormond. <em>Sargent E l\u2019Italia.</em> [Ferrara, Italy]: Ferrara arte, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 324; reproduced, p. 325.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"An American Virtuoso,\" <em>Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> (Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016).", "page_number": "Reproduced, p. 13.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cLittle-Known Masterpiece by John Singer Sargent Acquired by the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d November 27, 1998, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4224"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 01, January 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: cover, p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-01/page/2"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106 - 107", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art: July Through September 2016</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mamoli Zorzi, Rosella. <em>Ralph W. Curtis, un Pittore Americano a Venezia: Biografia. </em>Venezia Lido: Supernova, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 116, fig. 108", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.168", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.168/1998.168_web.jpg", "width": "425", "height": "900", "filesize": "180844", "filename": "1998.168_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.168/1998.168_print.jpg", "width": "1605", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1020240", "filename": "1998.168_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.168/1998.168_full.tif", "width": "3305", "height": "7000", "filesize": "69435332", "filename": "1998.168_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.168/1998.168_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "422", "height": "893", "filesize": "221473"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.168/1998.168_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1605", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3084726"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.168/1998.168_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3305", "height": "7000", "filesize": "69435332"}, "date_created": "2007-05-21T17:15:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.168/1998.168_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "344567"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.168/1998.168_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5266278"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.168/1998.168_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3750", "height": "5000", "filesize": "56280940"}, "date_created": "2007-05-21T17:31:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 160289, "creators": [{"id": 2559, "description": "John Singer Sargent (American, born Italy, 1856\u20131925)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1856", "death_year": "1925", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-11-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1898, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1898", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. Ralph Curtis"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:19:44.790000"}, {"id": 135538, "accession_number": "1958.66", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u201310. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41 x 12.7 x 15 cm (16 1/8 x 5 x 5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.66", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404)", "creation_date": "1404\u201310", "creation_date_earliest": 1404, "creation_date_latest": 1410, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands, active Dijon, 15th century"], "technique": "vizille alabaster", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41 x 12.7 x 15 cm (16 1/8 x 5 x 5 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.41, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.127, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.15, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, Dijon, France (May 27-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207394, "title": "The Mourners: Medieval Tomb Sculptures from the Court of Burgundy", "description": "<i>The Mourners: Medieval Tomb Sculptures from the Court of Burgundy</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 1-May 23, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 296969, "title": "Johan Maelwael from Guelders", "description": "<i>Johan Maelwael from Guelders</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (October 6, 2017-January 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 453138, "title": "Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster", "description": "<i>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Deux Pleurants de Jaume Cascalle Provenant des Sepultures Royales de Poblet,</em> Mus\u00e9es de France, Paris, France (May 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-05-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "M. M. Hocquart, Dijon, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Vicomte Edouard de Broissia & son, Georges, (d. 1875) Dijon, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1875", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(M. Legley, Nancy, sold to Charles Stein)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1875-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Charles Stein, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Baron Arthur de Schickler, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Count de Pourtales, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Duveen Bros., Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Clarence Mackay (d. 1939), New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1922-1939", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann, New York, sold to Leonard C. Hanna)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939-1940", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna, Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1940-1958", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 119132, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u20131410. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41.7 x 16.6 x 11.7 cm (16 7/16 x 6 9/16 x 4 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.128", "relationship": "related series"}, {"id": 135539, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u201310. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41.1 x 17.6 x 11 cm (16 3/16 x 6 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.67", "relationship": "related series"}, {"id": 119143, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria, 1443\u201345. Jean de la Huerta (Spanish, active Burgundy, 1431\u201362). Salins alabaster; overall: 41 x 20.3 x 12.4 cm (16 1/8 x 8 x 4 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.129", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["3877.42"], "did_you_know": "A plaster cast of this mourner decorates the empty niche in the Tomb of Philip the Bold in Dijon, France.", "description": "This figure comes from the tomb of Duke Philip the Bold from the church of Champmol near Dijon (Burgundy, France). Philip, who founded the monastery and designated it as his burial place, hired the best artists, many of whom came from the Netherlands. While the commission was given in 1381, the work was not completed until 1410, six years after the duke\u2019s death.<br><br>This mourner is unusual for the time because it is not carved as a static low relief on the pedestal of the tomb but interacts with the viewers and their fellow procession members. The lifelike quality of the figure is due in large part to the alabaster. Its softness allowed artists to carve details into the material, and the transparent, milky white stone could also be polished to a high gloss.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.66-mourner-from-the-tom"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mus\u00e9e Des Beaux-Arts, Dijon France", "page_number": null, "url": "http://mba-collections.dijon.fr/ow4/mba/voir.xsp?id=00101-25103&qid=sdx_q8&n=3&e="}, {"citation": "Beaulieu, Miche\u0300le. 1949. \"Deux pleurants de Jaume Cascalls provenant des se\u0301pultures royales de Poblet: Muse\u0301e du Louvre\". Muse\u0301es De France. 96-98.", "page_number": "no. Iv", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parker, Clifford S., and Paul L. Grigaut.<em> Initiation a\u0300 la culture franc\u0327aise.</em> New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 256-257; cat.no. VI-21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n283"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art (Cleveland). \"<em>Selected Works</em>.\" 1967.", "page_number": "no. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Marti\u0301-Iba\u0301n\u0303ez, Fe\u0301lix. <em>The Adventure of Art. </em>New York: C.N. Potter; distributed by Crown, 1970.", "page_number": "p. 280", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts de Dijon, and Pierre Quarre\u0301. <em>Les pleurants des tombeaux des ducs de Bourgogne</em>. 1971.", "page_number": "pl. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clasen, Karl Heinz.<em> Der Meister Der Scho\u0308nen Madonnen: Herkunft, Entfaltung Und Umkreis. </em>Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 91, 203, abb. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n92"}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph.<em> The Rare Art Traditions: The History of Art Collecting and Its Linked Phenomena Wherever These Have Appeared.</em> 1982.", "page_number": "pl. 2, No. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schreckenberg, Hella, and Claus Sluter. <em>Claus Sluter</em>. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 32, fig. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"Art from the Duchy of Burgundy.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 10 (1987).", "page_number": "pp. 411-424", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160010"}, {"citation": "Petrusevich, N. B., I\ufe20U\ufe21. S. Pamfilov, Ljudmila Brylenko, and E. B. Georgievskai\ufe20a\ufe21.<em> Five Hundred Years of French Painting: The Hermitage, Leningrad, the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow. </em>Leningrad: Aurora Art Publishers, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 56, no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Journe\u0301es internationales Claus Sluter, and Claus Sluter. <em>Actes des Journe\u0301es internationales Claus Sluter: Septembre 1990. </em>Dijon: Association Claus Sluter, 1992.", "page_number": "fig. 6, p. 186", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morand, Kathleen, Claus Sluter, and David Finn. <em>Claus Sluter: Artist at the Court of Burgundy</em>. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 359, no. 35, pls. 134-35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Walter S., and Laurinda S. Dixon. I<em>n Detail: New Studies of Northern Renaissance Art in Honor of Walter S. Gibson.</em> [Lieu de publication non identifie\u0301]: Brepols, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 179, fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 25, pp. 28-9 & 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. <em>Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419</em> : Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 83, p. 233", "url": null}, {"citation": "Domine, Heidi, \"Time Machine\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 01, January 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-01/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen. \"Patronage and the Burgundian Court, 1364-1419\" <em>The Magazine Antiques</em> (October 2004).", "page_number": "pp. 142-151, pl. XII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 202-205, no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 188-9, no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baron, Franc\u0327oise, Sophie Jugie, and Benoi\u0302t Lafay. <em>Les tombeaux des ducs de Bourgogne: cre\u0301ation, destruction, restauration.</em> Paris: Somogy, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 132, cat. no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kemperdick, Stephan, and Friso Lammertse. <em>The Road to Van Eyck</em>. Rotterdam: Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2012.<br>.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 24B; pp. 164-165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 134-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"Medieval Masterpieces.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 13-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 13-14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 272", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda.<em> Fashionable Mourners: Bronze Statuettes from the Rijksmuseum.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freundeskreis des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums. <em>Hommage: Renate Eikelmann</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Sieveking Verlag, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Truman, Samantha, and Angelica Verduci. \u201cMourners from the Tomb of Philip the Bold.\u201c In <em>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</em>, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 106-119. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 106, 114-118; Reproduced: p. 107-113,119, no. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.66", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.66/1958.66_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "144378", "filename": "1958.66_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.66/1958.66_print.jpg", "width": "2604", "height": "3400", "filesize": "793975", "filename": "1958.66_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.66/1958.66_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "13907", "filesize": "444439528", "filename": "1958.66_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.66/1958.66_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "747", "filesize": "165924"}, "print": {"url": 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Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "0d89139b17024e378f2882e575531e08", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/0d89139b17024e378f2882e575531e08", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135538, "creators": [{"id": 9759, "description": "Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "active in Burgundy (mostly Dijon) from 1396 until his death.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1380", "death_year": "1439", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1404, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1404\u201310", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:38.715000"}, {"id": 127571, "accession_number": "1950.250", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, Possibly Girolamo Rosati, 1533\u201334. Lorenzo Lotto (Italian, 1480\u20131556). Oil on canvas; framed: 135.9 x 128 x 8.6 cm (53 1/2 x 50 3/8 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 108.2 x 100.5 cm (42 5/8 x 39 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1950.250", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Man, Possibly Girolamo Rosati", "creation_date": "1533\u201334", "creation_date_earliest": 1533, "creation_date_latest": 1534, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 135.9 x 128 x 8.6 cm (53 1/2 x 50 3/8 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 108.2 x 100.5 cm (42 5/8 x 39 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.359, "height_inch": 53, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.28, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.086, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.082, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.005, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \".L. Lotus 15[...]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 706769, "title": "Mostra di Lorenzo Lotto", "description": "<i>Mostra di Lorenzo Lotto</i>. Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Venice, Italy (organizer) (June 14, 1953-October 18, 1954).", "opening_date": "1953-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361379, "title": "The Renaissance Image of Man and the World", "description": "<i>The Renaissance Image of Man and the World</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 27, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520139, "title": "Major Masters of the Renaissance, A Loan Exhibition of the Poses", "description": "<i>Major Masters of the Renaissance, A Loan Exhibition of the Poses</i>. The Rose Art Museum, Waltham, MA (organizer) (May 3-June 9, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-05-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 222625, "title": "Renaissance Venice and the North:  Crosscurrents in the time of Bellini, D\u00fcrer, and Titian", "description": "<i>Renaissance Venice and the North:  Crosscurrents in the time of Bellini, D\u00fcrer, and Titian</i>. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (September 5, 1999-January 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-09-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 228320, "title": "Lorenzo Lotto", "description": "<i>Lorenzo Lotto</i>. Scuderie del Quirinale, Rome, Italy (organizer) (February 25-June 12, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-02-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 292170, "title": "Lorenzo Lotto, Portraits", "description": "<i>Lorenzo Lotto, Portraits</i>. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (June 18-September 30, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-06-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 675826, "title": "Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses", "description": "<i>Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 2025-February 1, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-11-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1933-1939) (lent by Bruikleen von Ofenheim).", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Italiaansche Kunst in Nederlandsche bezit. </em>Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (May 11-October 1, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-05-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Imperial collection, Vienna;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "- 1923            Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna, Austria), sold to Moritz Lindemann, 1923;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "1923              Moritz Lindemann (Vienna, Austria),sold to Wilhelm von Ofenheim, 1923;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "1923 - 1930   Wilhelm von Ofenheim, 1860-1930 (Vienna, Austria), upon his death, held in trust by his heirs, 1930;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "1930 - 1939   Von Ofenheim family trust, sold to Rosenberg and Stiebel, 1939;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "[Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1950.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This fashionable man broadcasts his wealth by wearing a fur-lined velvet and satin outfit with expensive gold jewelry.", "description": "The gesture of the elegantly dressed man is a mystery. Is he rising from his chair to address someone or is he pointing to something outside the frame? His right hand rests on a piece of paper (a letter?), while on the table are clover\u2014a symbol of abundance, good fortune, and happy marriage\u2014and jasmine, associated with purity and love, further emphasized by the roses on the trellis. There may have been a companion portrait of the sitter\u2019s bride, to whom he acknowledges his devotion. Another recent interpretation identifies the sitter as Girolamo Rosati, a high official in Fermo, on Italy\u2019s east coast. The paper may be a design for one of his important architectural projects, to which he may be pointing in the distance. The interrupted moment is a naturalistic touch characteristic of Lotto, quite distinct from the formality of the other Italian Renaissance portraits in the museum's collection. Though this portrait clearly articulates the man\u2019s status, Lotto emphasizes his individuality and interiority as much as a socially constructed identity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515739"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.250-portrait-of-a-man-po"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Thieme, Ulrich, Felix Becker, Fred. C. Willis, and Hans Vollmer. <em>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Ku\u0308nstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart</em>. Leipzig, Germany: W. Engelmann, 1907.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. XXIII, 412", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works, with an Index of Places</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom : The Clarendon Press, 1932.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 312", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 367; Mentioned: p. 366-368", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d January 4, 1951, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4558"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Venetian Art and Its Field of Influence.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>38, no. 2 (February 1951): 21-27, 30-35, 38-40", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22-23; Reproduced: p. 38, 47", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141687"}, {"citation": "Banti, Anna. <em>Lorenzo Lotto di Anna Banti</em>. Firenze, Italy: Sansoni, 1953.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39; Reproduced: p. 82, pl. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coletti, Luigi. <em>Lotto</em>. Bergamo, Italy: Istituto italiano d'arti grafiche, 1953.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45, pl. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Teresio. <em>Lorenzo Lotto; 147 tavole in nero, 4 tavole a colori</em>. Milano, Italy: Mondadori, 1953.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120, pl. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Lotto</em>. Milano, Italy: Electa Editrice, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126, pl. 172", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Lorenzo Lotto</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.94, pl. 172, 172a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance; A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works with an Index of Places. Venetian School</em>. New York, NY: Phaidon Publishers; distributed by Garden City Books, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101, vol. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Portraits by Lorenzo Lotto.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> XLIV, (1957): 44.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 413", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n76"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cappi Bentivegna, Ferruccia. <em>Abbigliamento e costume nella pittura italiana; rinascimento</em>. Roma, Italy: Bestetti, Edizioni d'arte, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 236. fig. 333", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n121"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n121"}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. <em>Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112, 521, 574", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>L'opera completa del Lotto</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 107; Mentioned: p. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n126"}, {"citation": "Caroli, Flavio. <em>Lorenzo Lotto et la nascita della psicologia moderna</em>. Milano, Italy: Gruppo Editoriale Fabbri, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 264; Reproduced: p. 265", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1993 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (1994): 143-218.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 170; Reproduced p. 148", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Brown, David Alan, Peter Humfrey, Mauro Lucco, and Augusto Gentili. <em>Lorenzo Lotto: Rediscovered Master of the Renaissance</em>. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aikema, Bernard, Beverly Louise Brown, and Giovanna Nepi Scire\u0300. <em>Renaissance Venice and the North: Crosscurrents in the Time of Bellini, Du\u0308rer, and Titian</em>. Milano, Italy: Bompiani, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 384-385", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rossi, Francesco. <em>Bergamo, l'altra Venezia: il Rinascimento negli anni di Lorenzo Lotto, 1510-1530</em>. Milano, Italy: Skira, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dezuanni, Elsa, Eugenio Manzato, and Giovanni Carlo Federico Villa. <em>Lorenzo Lotto: emozioni nascoste</em>. Crocetta del Montello, Treviso, Italy: Antiga, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 224-225", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frangi, Francesco and Maria Cristina Passoni.<em> Attorno a Lotto: Naturalismo e Psicologia nel Ritratto Rinascimentale.</em> Milano: Skira, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dal Pozzolo, Enrico Maria.<em> Lorenzo Lotto:Il Richiamo delle Marche: Luoghi, Tempi e Persone. </em>Milano: Skira, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 75; Reproduced: p. 76, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dal Pozzolo, E. M. \"Two Paitnings of Samson by Lorenzo Lotto at Charlecote Park.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 160. no. 1385 (Aug. 2018): 640-645.", "page_number": "Mention: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dossier de l'art. \"Exposition a Londres: Lorenzo Lotto Portraitiste.\" Dossier de l'art 264, (Nov. 2018): 4-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [4-5], 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "du Bourg, Alexis Marle. \"Lorenzo Lottoe Portaitiste.\" <em>Dossier De L'Art</em>, 364 (November 2018): 4-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 4-5, 12.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pozzolo, Enrico Maria Dal. <em>Lorenzo Lotto: Portraits</em>. Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 29, p. 42, 284-286", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "Lisby, Darnell-Jamal, William Griswold, Matteo Augello, Alessandra Arezzi Boza, Massimiliano Capella, Luke Meagher, Stefania Ricci, and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses</em>. 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Byzantium, Constantinople. Tempera and gold on wood panel (poplar); 35.5 x 62.5 x 2.7 cm (14 x 24 5/8 x 1 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Trust, 2016.32", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Icon of the New Testament Trinity", "creation_date": "c. 1450", "creation_date_earliest": 1445, "creation_date_latest": 1455, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Constantinople"], "technique": "Tempera and gold on wood panel (poplar)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "35.5 x 62.5 x 2.7 cm (14 x 24 5/8 x 1 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.355, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.625, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.027, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u039f \u03a0\u0391\u039b\u0391\u0399\u039fC \u03a4\u0397\u03a9- God the Father as Christ in old age on right identified on either side of his head in gold, outlined in red.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u03a4\u039f \u0391\u0399\u039f\u039d \u03a0\u039d\u0391- The Holy Spirit, identified by dove in gold outlined in red.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u0399\u03a9CH\u03a6 \u039f \u03a0\u039f\u0399\u0397\u03a4\u0397C- St. Joseph the Hymnographer identified on the left by gold letters, outlined in red.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u039a\u039fC\u039c \u039f \u03a0\u039f\u0399\u0397\u03a4\u0397C- St. Kosmas the Hymnopgrapher identified on the right in gold letters in red outline", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\"'together with...you my God' and 'your dominion\" in Scroll of Kosmas on the right.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Danish Museum of Decorative Arts, 1913.", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oslo, Museum of Decorative Arts, 1913.", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Berlin, Kustgewerbnuseum, 1914", "opening_date": "1914-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Ehrich Galleries, 5th Avenue, 1915", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gothenberg, Rohsska Konstslojdmuseet, 1915", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Lund University Art Museum, 1915", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Halvor Bagge [Danish, 1866-1939?]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Professor Einar Frank-Utzon [Danish, 1888-1985], Copenhagen, Denmark", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1888-1955", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Henrik Schleppegrel, Copenhagen, Denmark", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1955-2013", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Bruun-Rasmussen Auctioneers, Copenhagen, sale, June 6, 2013)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2013", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Temple Gallery, London) sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2013-2016", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2016-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "More than just a breakfast food, eggs are used to make the tempera paint used in this painting.", "description": "This icon depicts an important subject in Orthodox Christian art, the three corresponding figures of the single godhead known as the Holy Trinity. The Trinity is represented here in a composition known as the \u201cNew Testament Trinity,\u201d which features Christ and God the Father seated on a bench with a dove representing the Holy Spirit between them. The central field is occupied by a large wooden throne with gold highlights on which Christ (left) and the Ancient of the Days (God the Father as Christ in old age) are seated. The Holy Spirit, in the form of a dove, hovers within an eight-pointed star that signifies the eighth day, the future eon.<br><br>On either side of the Trinity are two hymnographers, authors of hymns of praise, both identified by gold letters outlined in red\u2014Saint Kosmas (about 675\u2013752) on the left and Saint Joseph (about 812/818\u2013about 886) on the right. They both suspend scrolls from round-arched windows. The icon likely was part of a church templon, the barrier that separated the nave from the sanctuary in an Orthodox church. It is not signed or dated; however, careful analysis of the painting\u2019s style and technique places it in Constantinople around 1450, just prior to the city\u2019s fall to the Ottomans in 1453. It represents a moment when Byzantine painting reached a brilliant crescendo.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482814"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2016.32-icon-of-the-new-test"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bagge, Halvor. Exhibition of the Halvor Bagge Collection of Byzantine Paintings, Carvings, Manuscripts, Embroideries, Etc. New York: [publisher not identified], 1915.", "page_number": "p. 9, No. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fleischer, Jens. \"<em>Rundt om en s\u00f8jlehelgen\"</em> Meddelelser fra Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (1993)", "page_number": "pp. 59-71", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"New in the Galleries.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 6 (November/December 2016): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-06"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \u201cAcquisition Highlights 2016: Medieval Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 2 (March/April 2017): 14.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7, 14; Mentioned: p. 6, 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-02"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2016.32", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.32/2016.32_web.jpg", "width": "900", 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"creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 283088, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2016-06-09T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1445, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1450", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["New Testament Trinity with Saint Joseph the Hymnographer and Saint Kosmas the Hymnographer"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:51:38.593000"}, {"id": 145412, "accession_number": "1970.67", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Hott\u014d Enmy\u014d Kokushi (\u6cd5\u71c8\u5186\u660e\u56fd\u5e2b\u50cf), c. 1295\u20131315. Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333). Hinoki cypress wood with lacquer, metal staples and fittings; overall: 91.4 cm (36 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1970.67", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Portrait of Hott\u014d Enmy\u014d Kokushi", "title_in_original_language": "\u6cd5\u71c8\u5186\u660e\u56fd\u5e2b\u50cf", "creation_date": "c. 1295\u20131315", "creation_date_earliest": 1295, "creation_date_latest": 1315, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333)"], "technique": "Hinoki cypress wood with lacquer, metal staples and fittings", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 91.4 cm (36 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.914, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 358325, "title": "Masterworks of Wood: China and Japan", "description": "<i>Masterworks of Wood: China and Japan</i>. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (November 4-December 5, 1976); Asia House Galleries, New York City, NY (January 13-March 27, 1977).", "opening_date": "1976-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309646, "title": "Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-May 1, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-03-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 295705, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 15, 2017-January 2, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650) from The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Japan House Gallery, New York, NY (March 19-May 17, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 235)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 15, 2013-November 16, 2015).", "opening_date": "2013-04-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "My\u014dshinji, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Mayuyama and Company, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two famous sculptural portraits of this monk, one at the temple Ankokuji in Hiroshima, and another at the temple K\u014dkokuji in Wakayama, are dated to 1275 and 1286, respectively.", "description": "Hott\u014d Enmy\u014d Kokushi, is a posthumous title bestowed upon the Zen Buddhist monk Shinchi Kakushin (1203\u20131298) by the emperor Go-Daigo. The title means \u201cperfectly awakened national teacher of the Dharma lamp.\u201d Considered a fine example of \u201cKamakura realism,\u201d while downplaying detail in the body, the sculpture emphasizes fidelity in representing the visage of Kakushin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740018"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.67-portrait-of-hotto-en"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kurata, Osamu \u8535\u7530\u8535 <em>Kumano</em> [\u718a\u91ce]. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60, no. 64", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 2 (February 1971): 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 168, p. 72; Reproduced: no. 168, Back Cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cZen in Art: Art in Zen.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 9 (November 1972): 239\u2013259.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 239, 251, 259, note 16a; Reproduced: pp. 248, 249, figs. 9 and 9a", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152451"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cNoh: Masks and Robe.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 2 (February 1975): 26\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, fig. 5; Reproduced: p. 29, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152574"}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Donald, and Robin Scribnick. <em>Masterworks in Wood: China and Japan: [Exhibition] Portland Art Museum, November 4 Through December 5, 1976, Asia House Gallery, January 13 Through March 20, 1977</em>. Portland, OR: Portland Art Museum, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  no. 44, pp. 8, 9, 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 4 (April 1977): 118\u2013136.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 128\u2013129, fig. 12", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 370", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n390"}, {"citation": "WVIZ-TV (Television station: Cleveland, Ohio), and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Priest of Myoshinji</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [WVIZ Television], 1978.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/78406075"}, {"citation": "Yamane, Yu\u0304zo\u0304 \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09, Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce, and Terukazu Akiyama \u79cb\u5c71\u5149\u548c. <em>Zaigai Nihon no shiho\u0304</em> [\u5728\u5916\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u81f3\u5b9d = Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections, vol. 8 ]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 78, p. 147", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zenzo Shimizu. \"Japanese Sculptures in America and Canada,\" <em>Ars Buddhica</em> [\u4f5b\u6559\u85dd\u8853], no. 126 (Sept. 1979), part I, pp. 67\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73, fig. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roukes, Nicholas. <em>Masters of Wood Sculpture</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill Publishers, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., Michael R. Cunningham, and Ursula Korneitchouk.<em> One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 42\u201343, no. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roberts, Laurance. \"To See Japanese Art, Go to Tokyo, or Boston, or Baltimore, or Seattle.\" <em>Art News</em>, vol. 80, no. 7 (Sept. 1981).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "no. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 190\u2013191", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Liebson, Milt. <em>Direct Wood Sculpture: Techniques, Innovation, Creativity</em>. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ulak, James, T. \"Uncomfortable Realites: Reflecting on Sherman Lee's Hunches,\" <em>Orientations, </em>vol. 36, no. 1<em> </em>(Jan/Feb. 2005), pp. 78-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ulak, James T. \"The Alchemy of Selection: Lee and the Japanese Collection,\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 40, no. 5 (2009), pp. 41\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art - Director's choice</em>. London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 26\u201327", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Reopening of the Asian Galleries at The Cleveland Museum of Art: An Interview with David Franklin.\" <em>Orientations: The Magazine for Collectors and Connoisseurs of Asian Art</em>, vol. 44, no. 8 (November/December 2013): pp. 60\u201363.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Walking Tour.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n27/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dobbins, James C. <em>Behold the Buddha: Religious Meanings of Japanese Buddhist Icons</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 199\u2013200, fig. 85", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.67", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "900", "filesize": "136343", "filename": "1970.67_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_print.jpg", "width": "2561", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1480701", "filename": "1970.67_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_full.tif", "width": "4360", "height": "5789", "filesize": "75746032", "filename": "1970.67_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "900", "filesize": "138868"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2653", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1346970"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3902", "height": "5000", "filesize": "58561244"}, "date_created": "2015-01-29T18:18:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "167711"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1761270"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99886032"}, "date_created": "2009-03-31T16:30:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "900", "filesize": "95343"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2247", "height": "3400", "filesize": "888803"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4062", "height": "6146", "filesize": "74919860"}, "date_created": "2009-03-31T17:57:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "131558"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1314094"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99885272"}, "date_created": "2009-03-31T18:00:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "139370"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1402623"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99885408"}, "date_created": "2009-03-31T18:03:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "578", "height": "900", "filesize": "97160"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2182", "height": "3400", "filesize": "904243"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3923", "height": "6112", "filesize": "71957012"}, "date_created": "2009-03-31T18:39:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "900", "filesize": "124694"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2581", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1240124"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.67/1970.67_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4469", "height": "5887", "filesize": "78952228"}, "date_created": "2009-03-31T18:45:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145412, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1295, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1295\u20131315", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of Hoto Kokushi (Priest Kakushin)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:08.204000"}, {"id": 103366, "accession_number": "1921.428", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Elizabeth Beltzhoover Mason, c. 1803\u20135. Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755\u20131828). Oil on canvas; framed: 90 x 78 x 8 cm (35 7/16 x 30 11/16 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 73.8 x 61 cm (29 1/16 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from J. H. Wade, 1921.428", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Elizabeth Beltzhoover Mason", "creation_date": "c. 1803\u20135", "creation_date_earliest": 1798, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 90 x 78 x 8 cm (35 7/16 x 30 11/16 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 73.8 x 61 cm (29 1/16 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.9, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.78, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.738, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.61, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 700602, "title": "American Portraits", "description": "<i>American Portraits</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (February 23-March 18, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 206136, "title": "Gilbert Stuart", "description": "<i>Gilbert Stuart</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 18, 2004-January 16, 2005); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (March 27-July 31, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180609, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits", "description": "<i>CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29-December 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>American Painting Before 1865. </em>Washington County Museum of Fine Arts (September 4-26, 1927).", "opening_date": "1927-09-04T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Comparisons, </em>Art Gallery of Toronto (January 11-February 3, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-11T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Houston, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, George Washington's World (15 January - 14 February 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-15T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1921-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Frank W. Bayley, Boston, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1921", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Louisa Mason Terry [1844-1921], Washington, DC, consigned to Frank W. Bayley for sale1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Sometimes referred to as Louise, Louisa Terry was married to Rear Admiral Silas Wright Terry [c. 1841-1911]. From 1909 until 1921, the painting was on loan to the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington DC.</div>"], "date": "1899-1921", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Margaret Augusta Cowan Mason [1821-1899], Hagerstown, MD, by descent to her daughter, Louisa Mason Terry1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1While not generally included in this painting\u2019s provenance, George C. Mason\u2019s <em>The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart</em>, published in 1879, situates the painting in the collection of \u201cMrs. J. Thompson [sic] Mason\u201d at the time.</div>"], "date": "1873-1899", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Judge John Thomson Mason, Jr. [1815-1873], Hagerstown, MD, by descent to his wife, Margaret Augusta Cowan Mason", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1836-1873", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Elizabeth Beltzhoover Mason [1781-1836] and John Thomson Mason [1765-1824], Montpelier, Clear Spring, MD, by descent to their son, Judge John Thomson Mason, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1803/1805 - 1836", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Stuart also painted a portrait of George Washington, now immortalized on the dollar bill.", "description": "The sitter\u2019s high-waisted dress, pearl necklace, and elegant hairstyle of cascading ringlets reflect the height of fashion around 1800. Her gaze is assured: her chin is tilted upward but her eyes peer down with confidence. Mason\u2019s husband was a prosperous lawyer, an influential figure in President Thomas Jefferson\u2019s administration, and a plantation owner in Maryland. According to an inventory from 1807, the couple enslaved approximately 185 people, ranging from the newborn Abraham to 79-year-old Rachel. The family\u2019s wealth afforded Mason the opportunity to be painted by Gilbert Stuart, a much sought-after portraitist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503339"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.428-elizabeth-beltzhoove"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. <em>American Painting Before 1865: An Exhibition September 4th to 26th, 1937</em>. Hagerstown, MD: The Museum,", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. <em>Gilbert Stuart; An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works</em>. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. <em>American Painting Before 1865: An Exhibition September 4th to 26th, 1937</em>. Hagerstown, MD: The Museum, 1937.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \u201cPortrait of Mrs. John Thomson Mason by Gilbert Stuart,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 8, no. 19 (Dec. 1921): 154-155.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mason, George C. <em>The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart</em>. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1879.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mason, George C. <em>The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart</em>. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1879.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. <em>Gilbert Stuart; An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works</em>. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. <em>American Painting Before 1865: An Exhibition September 4th to 26th, 1937</em>. Hagerstown, MD: The Museum, 1937.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \u201cPortrait of Mrs. John Thomson Mason by Gilbert Stuart,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 8, no. 19 (Dec. 1921): 154-155", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. <em>Gilbert Stuart; An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works</em>. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \u201cPortrait of Mrs. John Thomson Mason by Gilbert Stuart,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 8, no. 19 (Dec. 1921): 154-15", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mason, George C. <em>The Life and Works of Gilbert Stuart: With Selections from Stuart's Portraits Reproduced on Steel and by Photogravure</em>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1894.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 221", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"Portrait of Mrs. John Thomson Mason by Gilbert Stuart.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>no. 10 (December 1921).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154-155; Reproduced: p. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"Early American Art.\" <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Seventh Annual Report </em>(1923).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorr, Charles Henry. \"The Real Gilbert Stuart.\" <em>The Judd Magazines, Inc. </em>18, no. 1 (November 1922).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50; Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whiting, Frederic Allen. \"The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Art and Archaeology </em>16, no. 4-5 (1923).", "page_number": "Reproduced: 186", "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. <em>Gilbert Stuart: An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works</em>. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"In Memoriam: Jeptha Homer Wade.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>13, no. 4 (April 1926).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cortissoz, Royal. \"The Field of Art.\" <em>Scribners </em>(November 1926).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 576", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"At the Art Museum.\" <em>Bystander </em>(Cleveland, OH), 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Medford, Richard Carl. \"The Fine Arts Exhibits of the National Antietam Commemoration.\" <em>Bulletin of the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts </em>3, no. 1 (September 1937).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4; Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Finest Art in US Goes to Illinois Corn Belt for Big Small-Town Show.\" <em>LIFE, </em>March 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 528", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n97"}, {"citation": "Mount, Charles Merrill. <em>Gilbert Stuart, A Biography</em>. New York: W.W. Norton, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 371", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Checklist: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>(January 1973).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mount, Charles Merrill. <em>Gilbert Stuart in Washington: With a Catalogue of His Portraits Painted between December 1803 and July 1805</em>. Washington, D.C.: Columbia Historical Society, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96; Reproduced: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n219"}, {"citation": "Evans, Dorinda. <em>The Genius of Gilbert Stuart</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76; Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barratt, Carrie Rebora, Gilbert Stuart, and Ellen Gross Miles. <em>Gilbert Stuart</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 260, 264-6; Reproduced: p. 265", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>|Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4</em> . 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H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 103366, "creators": [{"id": 2556, "description": "Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755\u20131828)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1755", "death_year": "1828", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-06-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1798, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1803\u20135", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. John Thomson Mason"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:35:04.299000"}, {"id": 119143, "accession_number": "1940.129", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mourner from the Tomb of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria, 1443\u201345. Jean de la Huerta (Spanish, active Burgundy, 1431\u201362). Salins alabaster; overall: 41 x 20.3 x 12.4 cm (16 1/8 x 8 x 4 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.129", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Mourner from the Tomb of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria", "creation_date": "1443\u201345", "creation_date_earliest": 1443, "creation_date_latest": 1445, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Spanish, Burgundy, Dijon, 15th century"], "technique": "salins alabaster", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41 x 20.3 x 12.4 cm (16 1/8 x 8 x 4 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.41, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.203, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.124, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301217, "title": "The Scholar in Art", "description": "<i>The Scholar in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 19-28, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, Dijon, France (May 27-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213456, "title": "The Mourners: Medieval Tomb Sculptures from the Court of Burgundy", "description": "<i>The Mourners: Medieval Tomb Sculptures from the Court of Burgundy</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (March 1-May 23, 2010); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (June 20-September 12, 2010); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (October 3, 2010-January 2, 2011); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (January 23-April 17, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 453138, "title": "Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster", "description": "<i>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Les Pleurant dans la Sculpture du Moyen Age en Europe,</em> Mus\u00e9e de Dijon, Palais des \u00c9tats de Bourgoge, France (July 3-September 12, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Deux Pleurants de Jaume Cascalle Provenant des Sepultures Royales de Poblet</em>, Mus\u00e9es de France, Paris (May, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-05-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "M. M. Hocquart, Dijon, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Vicomte Edouard de Broissia & son, Georges (d. 1875), Dijon, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1825-1875", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(M. Legay, Nancy, sold to Charles Stein)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1876", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Charles Stein, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Baron Arthur de Schickler, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Count de Pourtales, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Duveen Bros., Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Clarence Mackay (d. 1939), New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1922-1939", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1940", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 135539, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u201310. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41.1 x 17.6 x 11 cm (16 3/16 x 6 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.67", "relationship": null}, {"id": 135538, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u201310. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41 x 12.7 x 15 cm (16 1/8 x 5 x 5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.66", "relationship": null}, {"id": 119132, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u20131410. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41.7 x 16.6 x 11.7 cm (16 7/16 x 6 9/16 x 4 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.128", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A plaster cast of this mourner adorns the Tomb of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria in Dijon, France.", "description": "This monklike figure has a variously textured monochrome surface. Alabaster\u2019s softness made it easy to carve details like the fabric and fur of the mourner\u2019s robe and the codex pages in his hand. This is one of 40 mourners from an elaborate funeral procession beneath an intricately carved alabaster arcade.<br><br>This mourner comes from the monastery of Champmol near Dijon, which became a primary burial place for Burgundian dukes. The sculpture was part of the tomb of John the Fearless (1371\u20131419), commissioned by his son Philip the Good (1396\u20131467), modeled after the earlier monument for Philip the Bold.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762179"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.129-mourner-from-the-tom"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mus\u00e9e des beaux-arts, Dijon", "page_number": null, "url": "http://mba-collections.dijon.fr/ow4/mba/voir.xsp?id=00101-25104&qid=sdx_q15&n=4&e="}, {"citation": "Michault, Jean-Bernard. <em>Explication des desseins des tombeaux des ducs de Bourgogne qui sont a\u0300 la Chartreuse de Dijon: pre\u0301sent\u00e9e a\u0300 S.A.S. Mgr le Duc, le 1. mai 1736, par le Sr J.P.</em> Gilquin. Nuys: Impr. de A. Migneret, 1736.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Drouot, Henri.<em> Le nombre des \"pleurants\" aux tombeaux des Ducs de Bourgogne</em>. Paris: H. Champion, 1911.", "page_number": "t. LXI, LIV, 135-141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Drouot, Henri \"De quelques dessins du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle repr\u00e9sentant les tombeaux des ducs de Bourgogne,\"<em>Revue de l'Art Chr\u00e9tien</em>, t. 64 LVII ann\u00e9e (1914).", "page_number": "pp. 113-118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Drouot, Henri \"L'atelier de Dijon et l'ex\u00e9cution du tombeau de Philippe le Hardi,\" Revue Belge d'arch\u00e9ologie et d'histoire de l'art II (January 1932).", "page_number": "pp. 11-50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Troescher, Georg. <em>Claus Sluter und die burgundische Plastik um die Wende des XIV</em>. <em>Jahrhunderts</em>. Freiburg im Breisgau: Urban, 1932.", "page_number": "p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Andrieu, E. \"Les tombeaux des ducs de Bourgogne au Mus\u00e9e de Dijon,\" <em>Bulletin Monumental,</em> XC (1933).", "page_number": "pp. 171-193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Andrieu, E. \"La personnalit\u00e9 des pleurants du tombeau de Philippe le Hardi,\" <em>Revue Belge d'arch\u00e9ologie et d'histoire de l'art</em>, V (July-September 1935).", "page_number": "pp. 221-230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roggen, D. \"De Plorants van Klaas SLuter te Dijon,\"<em> Gentsche bijdragen tot de kunstgeschiedenis en de oudheidkunde</em>, II (1935).", "page_number": "pp. 127-173, afb. 19, 22, 43, 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liebreich, Aenne.<em> Claus Sluter.</em> Bruxelles: Dietrich &amp; cie, 1936.", "page_number": "p.193, pl. XXXVII, fig 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Troescher, Georg. <em>Die burgundische Plastik des ausgehenden Mittelalters und ihre Wirkungen auf die europa\u0308ische Kunst. </em>Frankfurt am Main: Prestel-Verlag, 1940.", "page_number": "pl. LIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Two Pleurants from the Tombs of the Dukes of Burgundy.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 27, no. 8 (1940).", "page_number": "pp. 119-21", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140875"}, {"citation": "Beaulieu, Miche\u0300le. 1949. \"Deux pleurants de Jaume Cascalls provenant des se\u0301pultures royales de Poblet: Muse\u0301e du Louvre\". Muse\u0301es De France. 96-98.", "page_number": "no. Iv", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts de Dijon. <em>Chefs-d'\u0153uvre de la sculpture Bourguignonne du XIVe au XVIe sie\u0300cle</em>. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e de Dijon, 1949.", "page_number": "p. 35A, no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "David, Henri. <em>Claus Sluter</em>. Paris: P. Tisne\u0301, 1951.", "page_number": "pl. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n43"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n98"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D.<em> Treasures from Medieval France.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 304-305; cat.no. VIII-6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n331"}, {"citation": "Plancher, Urbain. <em>Histoire generale et particuliere de Bourgogne, avec des notes, des dissertations et les preuves justificatives.</em> Dijon: A. de Fay, 1968.", "page_number": "t. II , t. III", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n98"}, {"citation": "<em>Les pleurants dans l'art du moyen-age en europe:</em> 2e ed. rev.et compl. Dijon: Musee des Beaux-Arts de Dijon, 1971.", "page_number": "pl. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n104"}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"Art from the Duchy of Burgundy.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 10 (1987).", "page_number": "pp. 411-424", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160010"}, {"citation": "Penny, Nicholas. <em>The Materials of Sculpture.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 65, plate 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my.<em> Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419</em> : Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 94, p. 255, no. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 192-3, no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 206-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baron, Franc\u0327oise, Sophie Jugie, and Benoi\u0302t Lafay. <em>Les tombeaux des ducs de Bourgogne: cre\u0301ation, destruction, restauration</em>. Paris: Somogy, 2009.", "page_number": "pp. 88, 90, Fig. 61. 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Master of the First Prayerbook of Maximillian (Flemish, c. 1444\u20131519), and Associates. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; codex: 23.5 x 17.3 x 4.8 cm (9 1/4 x 6 13/16 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1963.256", "current_location": "110B Late Gothic", "title": "Hours of Queen Isabella the Catholic, Queen of Spain", "creation_date": "c. 1500", "creation_date_earliest": 1495, "creation_date_latest": 1505, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders, Bruges and Ghent"], "technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on vellum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Manuscript Illuminations", "type": "Bound Volume", "measurements": "Codex: 23.5 x 17.3 x 4.8 cm (9 1/4 x 6 13/16 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"codex": {"height": 0.235, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.173, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.048, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304660, "title": "Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination", "description": "<i>Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 17-April 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 217056, "title": "Illuminating the Renaissance:  The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe, 1467-1561", "description": "<i>Illuminating the Renaissance:  The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe, 1467-1561</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (June 17-September 7, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-06-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Medieval Garden</em>, H.F. Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, (March 20-May 1983).", "opening_date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Medieval Garden</em>, Dumbarton Oaks, (May 12, 1983-July 7, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-05-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration</em>. The National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (October 12, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Illuminating the Renaissance</em>, J. Paul Getty Museum, (June 17 - September 7, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-06-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Unidentified first owner? (c. 1500)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c.1500-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Isabella the Catholic, Queen of Castile", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Baron Edmond de Rothschild (Late 1800s till 1934)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Baron Maurice de Rothschild", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1934-1954", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York, NY), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-1963", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1963-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Isabella\u2019s book of hours may have in its margins one of the first depictions of a daffodil in manuscript painting.", "description": "The original owner of this exquisite book of hours was Queen Isabella of Spain, who sponsored Christopher Columbus's exploratory voyage to the Americas. Eventually this book found its way to the New World and was acquired by the Cleveland Museum of Art in 1963.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740043"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.256-hours-of-queen-isabe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gras, Samuel, and Anne-Marie Legare\u0301. Lumie\u0300res du Nord: les manuscrits enlumine\u0301s franc\u0327ais et flamands de la Bibliothe\u0300que nationale d'Espagne. Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 335; reproduced: p. [350], fig. 12.6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1963.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 10 (1963): 263-94.", "page_number": "Referenced: p. 267-271", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974."}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination. A Catalogue to the Exhibition: March 17-May 17, 1964.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 3 (1964)", "page_number": "pp. 60-63", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n93"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n93"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Berthold Fricke. The Cleveland Museum of Art. Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "pp. 36-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Twelve Additions to the Medieval Treasury.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 4 (1972)", "page_number": "pp. 109-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scillia, Diane Graybowski. Gerard David and Manuscript Illumination in the Low Countries, 1480-1509. 1975.", "page_number": "pp. 228-32", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n98"}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \u201cA Book of Hours of Queen Isabel La Cat\u00f3lica.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 10 (December 1981): 342\u2013427.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 342-427", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159749"}, {"citation": "Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture , and Elisabeth Blair MacDougall. Medieval Gardens. Washington (D.C.): Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 180, Cat. No. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn, and Jerry Stannard. Gardens of the Middle Ages. Lawrence: Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, 1983.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manion, Margaret M., and Vera F. Vines. Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts in Australian Collections. Melbourne: Thames and Hudson, 1984.", "page_number": "p. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Societa\u0300 di storia della miniatura. Miniatura: studi di storia dell'illustrazione e decorazione del libro. Firenze: Alinari, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 123-124", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Calkins, Robert G. \u201cSacred Image &amp; Illusion in Late Flemish Manuscripts.\u201d </em>Essays in Medieval Studies: Proceedings of the Illinois Medieval Association Vol. 6 (1989)", "page_number": "pp. 1-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hollander, Anne. Moving Pictures. New York: Knopf, 1989.", "page_number": "pp. 69-70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levenson, Jay A. Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "pp. 155-6, Cat. No. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art. 1991.", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelikan, Jaroslav, and Jaroslav Pelikan. The Illustrated Jesus Through the Centuries. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.", "page_number": "pp. 4-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nieuwdorp, Hans M. J., and Brigitte Dekeyzer. Breviarium Mayer Van den Bergh: alle miniaturen. Gent: Ludion, 1997.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Walter S., and Laurinda S. Dixon. In Detail: New Studies of Northern Renaissance Art in Honor of Walter S. Gibson. [S.l.]: Brepols, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 57-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smeyers, Maurits, and Monique Verboomen. L'Art de la miniature flamande du VIIIe au XVIe sie\u0300cle. Tournai: La renaissance du livre, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 478, no. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smeyers, Maurits. Flemish Miniatures from the 8th to the Mid-16th Century: The Medieval World on Parchment. Turnhout: Brepols, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 478", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crucifixion. London: Phaidon, 2000.", "page_number": "pp. 92-93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gnann, Achim, Heinz Widauer, Katja Gnann, and Konrad Oberhuber. Festschrift Fu\u0308r Konrad Oberhuber. Milano: Electa, 2000.", "page_number": "pp. 215-233", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 30 & 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kesel, Lieve de. \u201cAlmost Restored The Hours of Archduchess Isabella Clara Eugenia Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett, 78 B 15.\u201d <em>Jahrbuch der Berliner</em> (2001)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kren, Thomas, Scot McKendrick, and Maryan W. Ainsworth. <em>Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe</em>. 2003.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 105, p. 359", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William. \"A Glimpse at the Fountains of the Middle Ages.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art </em>8 (2003): 6-23.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079727"}, {"citation": "Dekeyzer, Brigitte. Layers of Illusion: The Mayer Van Den Bergh Breviary. [Ghent]: Ludion, 2004.", "page_number": "pp. 123, 150, 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dekeyzer, Brigitte, and Jan van der Stock. Manuscripts in transition: recycling manuscripts, texts, and images : proceedings of the International Congres held in Brussels (5-9 November 2002). Paris: Uitgeverij Peeters, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 224-227", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rudy, Kathryn M., and Barbara Baert. Weaving, veiling, and dressing: textiles and their metaphors in the late Middle Ages. Turnhout: Brepols, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 147-48", "url": null}, {"citation": "France, James. Medieval Images of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Kalamazoo, Mich: Cistercian Publications, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 379", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. Resplendent Faith: Liturgical Treasuries of the Middle Ages. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 39, fig. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 156-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lo\u0301pez Montilla, Mari\u0301a Jesu\u0301s. El libro de horas: un libro selecto de devocio\u0301n privada. 2012.", "page_number": "p. 118, fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel. A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 43, fig 34; p. 44, fig 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"Medieval Masterpieces.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 13-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 14-15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Campbell, Barbara F., and James P. Campbell. Finding God: Our Response to God's Gifts. Chicago: Loyola Press, 2013.", "page_number": "p. 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Catholic Church, Isabella, and Lieve De Kesel. <em>Libro de horas de Isabel la Cato\u0301lica = Isabella la Catholica Book of Hours</em>. 2013", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Coleman, Joyce, Mark Cruse, and Kathryn A. Smith. The Social Life of Illumination: Manuscripts, Images, and Communities in the Late Middle Ages. 2013.", "page_number": "p. 488, fig. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hindman, Sandra, and James H. Marrow. Books of hours reconsidered. 2013.", "page_number": "p. 50, footnote 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.<br>Fol. 197v and Fol. 198r", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 279", "url": ""}, {"citation": "De Hamel, Christopher. <em>Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts </em>London: Allen Lane with an imprint of Penguin Books. 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 540, 550, 608", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dias, Joa\u0303o Carvalho.<em> European Illuminated Manuscripts in the Calouste Gulbenkian Collection.</em> [Lisbon]: Calouste Gulbenkian Museum, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 271, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hindman, Sandra, Simon Bening, Laura Light, and Matthew J. Westerby. Simon Bening and the Enri\u0301quez De Ribera Prayerbook. Paris ; New York : Les Enluminures, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60; reproduced: p. 59, fig. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foster-Campbell, Megan H. \"Pilgrimage Across Borders: Painted Pilgrim's Badges in Flemish Illuminated Manuscripts\" in <em>Illuminating Metalwork: Metal, Object, and Image in Medieval Manuscripts</em>. 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 401-402, fig. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.256", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.256/1963.256_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "610", "filesize": "246795", "filename": "1963.256_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.256/1963.256_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2306", "filesize": "2455531", "filename": "1963.256_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.256/1963.256_full.tif", "width": "5708", "height": "3872", "filesize": "40753740", "filename": "1963.256_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138885, "creators": [{"id": 7682, "description": "Master of the First Prayerbook of Maximillian (Flemish, c. 1444\u20131519)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Alexander Bening has been presumed to be the same artist formerly know under the sobriquet, \"Master of the Older Prayerbook of Maximilian I\"", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1444", "death_year": "1519", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 293477, "description": "Associates", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-04-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1495, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Hours of Ferdinand V and Isabella of Spain"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:06:45.615000"}, {"id": 140078, "accession_number": "1963.91", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "La Cervara, the Roman Campagna, c. 1830\u201331. Jean Baptiste Camille Corot (French, 1796\u20131875). Oil on fabric; framed: 130 x 167.5 x 9.5 cm (51 3/16 x 65 15/16 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 97.6 x 135.8 cm (38 7/16 x 53 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1963.91", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "La Cervara, the Roman Campagna", "creation_date": "c. 1830\u201331", "creation_date_earliest": 1830, "creation_date_latest": 1831, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 130 x 167.5 x 9.5 cm (51 3/16 x 65 15/16 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 97.6 x 135.8 cm (38 7/16 x 53 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.3, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.675, "width_inch": 65, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.976, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.358, "width_inch": 53, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515538, "title": "Corot Exhibition", "description": "<i>Corot Exhibition</i>. Gallery of the Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh (organizer) (August 14-September 12, 1965); National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (October 1-November 7, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-08-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 380187, "title": "Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot", "description": "<i>Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot</i>. National Gallery of Canada (June 20-September 22, 1996); The Metropolitan Museum of Art (October 21, 1996-January 19, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228194, "title": "Maest\u00e1 di Roma, da Napoleon all'Unita d'Italia: Capitale delle Arti", "description": "<i>Maest\u00e1 di Roma, da Napoleon all'Unita d'Italia: Capitale delle Arti</i>. Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome, Itlay (March 5-June 29, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220464, "title": "Corot. Nature, Emotion, Souvenir", "description": "<i>Corot. Nature, Emotion, Souvenir</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (June 7-September 11, 2005); Palazzo dei Diamanti, 44110 Ferrara, Italy (October 9, 2005-January 8, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-06-07T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>La Cervara, campagne de Rome</em>. Salon Mus\u00e9e Royal, Paris, France (1831).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Corot 1796-1875.</em>Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (1960). (Lent by Paul Rosenberg).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Cl\u00e9ment Jourdan [1836-1908], Paris, France, 1889.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1889", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Seganville family, Ch\u00e2teau St. Pierre-de-Groupiac, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Probably Harry Sperling, New York.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Paul Rosenberg & Co., Paris and New York, by 1960.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960-1963", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Paul Rosenberg & Co., Paris, France and New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1963", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 1845, the French poet Charles Baudelaire proclaimed Corot the leading painter of the modern landscape.", "description": "Corot based his large oil painting on drawings and oil sketches made outdoors. Attracted to the beauty of the Italian countryside, he often sketched around Rome, where he lived from 1825 to 1828. This painting's highly structured composition, based on forms moving into the distance along a series of diagonals, is characteristic of Corot's early style and recalls the classical landscapes of 17th-century painter Nicholas Poussin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41515823"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.91-la-cervara-the-roman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robaut, Alfred, and Etienne Moreau-Ne\u0301laton. <em>L'\u0152uvre de Corot</em>. Paris, France: H. Floury, 1905.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moreau-Ne\u0301laton, Etienne. <em>Corot raconte\u0301 par lui-me\u0302me</em>. Paris, France: Henri Laurens, E\u0301diteur, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jal, A. <em>Salon de 1831: e\u0301bauches critiques</em>. Paris, France: A.J. De\u0301nain, 1831.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 399", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Camille Corot, 1796-1875: Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich : 16. August-7. Oktober 1934</em>. Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland: Das Kunsthaus, 1934.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bazin, Germain. <em>Corot</em>. Berlin, Germany: Kru\u0308ger Verlag, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baud-Bovy, Daniel. <em>Corot</em>. Gene\u0301ve, Switzerland: A. Jullien, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fosca, Franc\u0327ois. <em>Corot, Sa Vie Et Son \u0152uvre</em>. Bruxelles, Belgium: Elsevier, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Art Institute of Chicago. <em>Corot, 1796-1875: An Exhibition of His Paintings and Graphic Works, the Art Institute of Chicago, October 6 Through November 13, 1960</em>. Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Remy. \"Art is imitation of Nature.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LII (1965): 42-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42; Reproduced: p. 43, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arts Council of Great Britain, and Cecil Hilton Monk Gould. <em>Corot</em>. London, United Kingdom: Arts Council, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n192"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann T. \"Corot: The Roman Campagna.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland</em> <em>Museum of Art </em>LIII (1966):51-57.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n192"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 207", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n227"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Some French Landscapes: 1779-1842.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LXV (1978): 84-85.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wissman, Fronia E. <em>J.-B.-C. Corot: View of Volterra</em>. San Diego, CA: [Timken Art Gallery], 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9, 15; Reproduced:  fig. 10.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galassi, Peter. <em>Corot in Italy: Open-Air Painting and the Classical-Landscape Tradition</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Chagneau,Catherine, and Marie-France Cocheteux. <em>Corot, 1796-1875: [expositions] Paris, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, 28 fe\u0301vrier-27 mai 1996 ; Ottawa, Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts du Canada, 21 juin-22 septembre 1996 ; New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 22 octobre 1996-19 janvier 1997</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22, 80-85;Reproduced: no. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pomare\u0300de, Vincent. <em>Corot</em>. Paris, France: Flammarion, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.74,75; Mentioned p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry. <em>Courbet</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 223; Mentioned: p. 225", "url": null}, {"citation": "Azeglio, Massimo d', and Martina Corgnati. <em>Massimo d'Azeglio: pittore</em>. Milano, Italy: Mazzotta, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Rosa, Pier Andrea, and Paolo Emilio Trastulli. <em>La campagna romana: cento dipinti inediti tra fine Settecento e primo Novecento</em>. Roma, Italy: Studio Ottocento, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196, no. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, and Jean-Pierre Caillet. <em>La peinture franc\u0327aise</em>. Paris, France: Menge\u0300s, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 605; Mentioned: p. 673", "url": null}, {"citation": "Susinno, Stefano, Sandra Pinto, Liliana Barroero, Fernando Mazzocca, Giovanna Capitelli, and Matteo Lafranconi. <em>Maesta\u0300 di Roma: da Napoleone all'unita\u0300 d'Italia</em>. Milano, Italy: Electa, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 354, vol. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Corot: natura, emozione, ricordo : Madrid, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 7 giugno-11 settembre 2005, Ferrara, Palazzo dei Diamanti, 9 ottobre 2005-8 gennaio 2006</em>. Ferrara, Italy: Ferrara arte, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 139, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pomare\u0300de, Vincent, and Michael Clarke. <em>Corot: naturaleza, emocio\u0301n, recuerdo</em>. Madrid, Spain: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 287", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mazzocca, Fernando. \"Grand tour: Il fascino delle antiche rovine e lo splendore della natura mediterranea.\" Art e dossier no.392, Suppl.(November 2021): 27-35.", "page_number": "reproduced p.30", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.91", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.91/1963.91_web.jpg", "width": "1245", "height": "893", "filesize": "777639", "filename": "1963.91_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.91/1963.91_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2438", "filesize": "5590565", "filename": "1963.91_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.91/1963.91_full.tif", "width": "5951", "height": "4267", "filesize": "76214120", "filename": "1963.91_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 140078, "creators": [{"id": 1588, "description": "Jean Baptiste Camille Corot (French, 1796\u20131875)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Camille Corot's earlier biographers presented him as a naive artist separated from commercial concerns who painted whatever pleased him in the French countryside and from his own emotions. For these writers his importance lay in his loosely painted, atmospheric landscapes, for which later modernists called him the precursor to impressionism. This conception of the artist has undergone significant revision with recent scholarship. Corot never seemed to accept the impressionists' more radical work, especially their enthusiasm for contemporary urban and suburban themes. He represented timeless, rural views disconnected from the industrialization and modernization of nineteenth-century France.\r\nFollowing his father in the clothing trade, Corot worked for eight years before the death of his younger sister in 1821 provided him with the additional income (her annual allowance) to enable him to devote himself to painting. In 1822 he began to study with the landscape painter Achille-Etna Michallon (1796-1822), winner of the first Grand Prix de Rome in historicized landscape, and after Michallon's early death that year, with Bertin (q.v.). Both Michallon and Bertin had trained with Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes (1750-1819), whose later eighteenth-century treatise on landscape painting practice urged artists to study nature closely. In addition, Michallon frequented the village of Barbizon and the forest of Fontainebleau, which would become important subjects for Corot and the group of painters known as the Barbizon school.\r\nIn 1825 Corot made his first trip to Italy, following in the tradition of the French academy but also the independent precedent of the seventeenth-century French painter Claude Lorrain. There Corot joined an international circle of artists, including L\u00e9opold Robert (1794-1835) and Aligny (q.v.), who struggled to resolve the contradictory phases of empirical study out of doors and synthetic recreation in the studio. From Rome, he sent his first submissions to the Paris Salon in 1827, among them The View at Narni (National Gallery of Canada, Ottowa). These early Italian views generally feature a bright, warm light with few areas in shadow.\r\nCorot gradually shifted from this early style to one in the 1840s that frequently included larger figures in the middle ground, more complex light effects, and a duller, earthy palette of greens and browns. He continued to use his outdoor works as models for finished canvases but freely adapted the compositions, forms, lighting, and color. The question of finish did not only pertain to the relationship between plein-air studies and studio compositions, which he called paysage compos\u00e9 (invented landscape). Corot sometimes added figures to landscapes that he had painted years earlier and even asked fellow painters such as Diaz de la Pe\u00f1a (q.v.) to paint them. His titles often referred to the geographical location that inspired the image, and some included the word souvenir (broad-ly translated as memory), which suggests recreating or revisiting some experience. \r\nThe critical reception of Corot's work fluctuated. His first Salon submissions passed the jury, but during the 1830s he was first overlooked and then attacked by the critics. By the 1840s his fortunes had improved, and he even sold one Salon picture to the French state. In more radical circles, the critic-poet Charles Baudelaire held Corot up as a leader in contemporary landscape painting. Corot received the Legion of Honor in 1846 as well as a municipal commission to decorate the baptismal fonts in the church of St. Nicolas du Chardonnet in Paris. \r\nIn the early 1850s Corot transformed his style again. He developed silvery tones and diffuse lighting effects applied in a few thin layers, over which he added small touches of brighter color for highlights. The soft glimmer and evocative atmosphere of these later works earned him commercial and critical success. During the last decade, Corot turned toward the single figure as subject. The meditative poses and expressions of these figures reminded some contemporary critics of seventeenth-century painting, especially the realism of Spanish and Dutch pictures. But Corot's landscapes remained his most admired work, and during his lifetime imitations or fakes were sold under his name.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1796", "death_year": "1875", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1830, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1830\u201331", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Roman Campagna"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:06:54.146000"}, {"id": 129799, "accession_number": "1952.233", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Backrest of a Litter, 1185\u20131275 (radiocarbon date, 95.4% probability). Central Andes, North Coast, Chim\u00fa people, late Intermediate period. Mixed media:  wood, gold alloy, pigment, shell inlay; overall: 60.4 x 95 cm (23 3/4 x 37 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1952.233", "current_location": "232 Andean", "title": "Backrest of a Litter", "creation_date": "1185\u20131275 (radiocarbon date, 95.4% probability)", "creation_date_earliest": 1185, "creation_date_latest": 1275, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Andes, North Coast, Chim\u00fa people, late Intermediate period"], "technique": "mixed media:  wood, gold alloy, pigment, shell inlay", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Andes", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 60.4 x 95 cm (23 3/4 x 37 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.604, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.95, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Ancient Arts of the Andes</em>, Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (January 26- March 29, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23- April 3, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-02-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Wise, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1952", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Cinnabar, a toxic mercuric sulfide, was used to color the red background and faces of the figures.", "description": "This rare, dramatic object served as the back support of a litter carried by human porters, a mode of transport reserved for honored members of many societies without draft animals or wheeled vehicles. The simple, bold figures\u2014perhaps a Chim\u00fa lord and four officials\u2014all wear wide collars, tunics, and crescent headdresses that are either brightly painted or covered with golden but now-corroded sheet metal. The holes at the bottom probably served as lashing points for a beam that supported the litter's seat.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763237"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.233-backrest-of-a-litter"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Art and Archaeology at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Archaeology</em> 6, no. 4 (1953)", "page_number": "p. 202", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41663172"}, {"citation": "Bennett, Wendell Clark. <em>Ancient Arts of the Andes. </em>New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1954.", "page_number": "p. 120, fig. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 351", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n67"}, {"citation": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, and Jay I. Kislak Collection (Library of Congress). <em>Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology,</em> Harvard University. Cambridge: The Museum, 1937.", "page_number": "p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 299", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n323"}, {"citation": "Glubok, Shirley, Shirley Glubok, and Gerard Nook<em>. The Art of Ancient Peru.</em> New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1966.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>1967.", "page_number": "p. 235", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 299", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n323"}, {"citation": "Howard, Cecil, and J. H. Parry. <em>Pizarro and the Conquest of Peru. </em>London: Cassell, 1970.", "page_number": "p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Masada, Yoshio. <em>Ancient American Art</em> (Japan, Gakken Co. Ltd, 1973)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 403", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n423"}, {"citation": "Scott, John F. <em>Latin American Art: Ancient to Modern</em>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 338", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan E. \"Fragment of the Chim\u00fa Prisoner Textile\" published on the occasion of <em>Enchanted: Visual Histories of the Ancient Andes</em>, July 30-November 14, 2021, Menil Collection (2021).", "page_number": "fig. 8", "url": "https://www.menil.org/read/online-features/enchanted/weaving-the-world/chimu-prisoner-textile"}, {"citation": "Young, Michelle, Colin Cooke, Richard Burger, Emily Kaplan, Gabriel Prieto Jacob Bongers, et al. \"Mass spectrometry measurements of mercury isotope ratios support geochemical sourcing of archaeological cinnabar in the Andean region.\" PLoS One 20(7): e0326414.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326414"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.233", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "797", "filesize": "760261", "filename": "1952.233_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2146", "filesize": "4302243", "filename": "1952.233_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "2585", "filesize": "31775004", "filename": "1952.233_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "858", "filesize": "762370"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2310", "filesize": "6234339"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6358", "height": "4320", "filesize": "82433012"}, "date_created": "2011-02-22T14:53:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "882", "filesize": "767820"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2374", "filesize": "6832589"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6418", "height": "4482", "filesize": "86327512"}, "date_created": "2011-02-22T15:06:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "797", "filesize": "778096"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2146", "filesize": "4584368"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.233/1952.233_alt2_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129799, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-06-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1185, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1185\u20131275 (radiocarbon date, 95.4% probability)", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Front of a Litter"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:41:55.454000"}, {"id": 119132, "accession_number": "1940.128", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u20131410. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41.7 x 16.6 x 11.7 cm (16 7/16 x 6 9/16 x 4 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.128", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404)", "creation_date": "1404\u20131410", "creation_date_earliest": 1404, "creation_date_latest": 1410, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands, active Dijon, 15th century"], "technique": "vizille alabaster", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41.7 x 16.6 x 11.7 cm (16 7/16 x 6 9/16 x 4 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.417, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.166, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.117, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, Dijon, France (May 27-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207394, "title": "The Mourners: Medieval Tomb Sculptures from the Court of Burgundy", "description": "<i>The Mourners: Medieval Tomb Sculptures from the Court of Burgundy</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 1-May 23, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220338, "title": "The Road to Van Eyck", "description": "<i>The Road to Van Eyck</i>. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (October 13, 2012-February 10, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 296969, "title": "Johan Maelwael from Guelders", "description": "<i>Johan Maelwael from Guelders</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (October 6, 2017-January 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 453138, "title": "Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster", "description": "<i>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Deux Pleurants de Jaume Cascalle Provenant des Sepultures Royales de Poblet, </em>Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (May, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Treasures in America</em>, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, (January 13-March 5, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "M. M. Hocquart, Dijon, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Vicomte Edouard de Broissia & son, Georges (d.  1875), Dijon, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1825-1875", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(M. Legay, Nancy, sold to Charles Stein)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1875-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Charles Stein, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Baron Arthur de Schickler, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Count de Pourtales, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Duveen Bros., Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Clarence Mackay (d. 1939), New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1922-1939", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1940", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 135539, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u201310. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41.1 x 17.6 x 11 cm (16 3/16 x 6 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.67", "relationship": "related series"}, {"id": 135538, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1364\u20131404), 1404\u201310. Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439). Vizille alabaster; overall: 41 x 12.7 x 15 cm (16 1/8 x 5 x 5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.66", "relationship": "related series"}, {"id": 119143, "description": "Mourner from the Tomb of John the Fearless and Margaret of Bavaria, 1443\u201345. Jean de la Huerta (Spanish, active Burgundy, 1431\u201362). Salins alabaster; overall: 41 x 20.3 x 12.4 cm (16 1/8 x 8 x 4 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.129", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "During his life, Duke Philip founded the monastery of Chartreuse de Champmol to serve as a final resting place for himself and his family.", "description": "This figure comes from the tomb of Duke Philip the Bold from the church of Champmol near Dijon (Burgundy, France). Philip, who founded the monastery and designated it as his burial place, hired the best artists, many of whom came from the Netherlands. While the commission was given in 1381, the work was not completed until 1410, six years after the duke\u2019s death.<br><br>This mourner is unusual for the time because it is not carved as a static low relief on the pedestal of the tomb but interacts with the viewers and their fellow procession members. The lifelike quality of the figure is due in large part to the alabaster. Its softness allowed artists to carve details into the material, and the transparent, milky white stone could also be polished to a high gloss.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779983"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.128-mourner-from-the-tom"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mus\u00e9e Des Beaux-Arts, Dijon France", "page_number": null, "url": "http://mba-collections.dijon.fr/ow4/mba/voir.xsp?id=00101-25101&qid=sdx_q8&n=1&e="}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Two Pleurants from the Tombs of the Dukes of Burgundy.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 27, no. 8 (1940).", "page_number": "pp. 119-21", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140875"}, {"citation": "Beaulieu, Miche\u0300le. 1949. \"Deux pleurants de Jaume Cascalls provenant des se\u0301pultures royales de Poblet: Muse\u0301e du Louvre\". Muse\u0301es De France. 96-98.", "page_number": "In no. Iv", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n43"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. Treasures from Medieval France. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 256-257; cat.no. VI-21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n283"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n88"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n92"}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. <em>The Rare Art Traditions: The History of Art Collecting and Its Linked Phenomena Wherever These Have Appeared.</em> New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"Art from the Duchy of Burgundy.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 10 (1987).", "page_number": "pp. 414-424", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160010"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. <em>Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419. </em>Dijon, France: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 83; Reproduced p.233, no.18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Domine, Heidi, \"Time Machine\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 01, January 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-01/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Klein, Holger A. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 202-205, no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kemperdick, Stephan, and Friso Lammertse. <em>The Road to Van Eyck</em>. 2012. Rotterdam: Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2012.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 24A; pp. 164-165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"Medieval Masterpieces.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 13-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 13-14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Anna Simon, review of The Road to Van Eyck, by Stephan Kemperdick und Friso Lammertse, <em>Journal fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte</em>, 17 (April 2013).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 258-268; Reproduced: p. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 272", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean-Pierre, et. al. <em>Le Saint Joseph Charpentier de Georges de la Tour: Un Don au Louvre de Percy Moore Turner. </em>[Gent] : Snoeck, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118  & 459, n. 1256", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda.<em> Fashionable Mourners: Bronze Statuettes from the Rijksmuseum.</em> Cleveland: OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1; fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freundeskreis des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums.<em> Hommage: Renate Eikelmann</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Sieveking Verlag, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Truman, Samantha, and Angelica Verduci. \u201cMourners from the Tomb of Philip the Bold.\u201c In <em>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</em>, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 106-119. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 106, 114-118; Reproduced: p. 107-113,119, no. 6", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.128", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.128/1940.128_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": "151350", "filename": "1940.128_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.128/1940.128_print.jpg", "width": "2596", "height": "3400", "filesize": "881391", "filename": "1940.128_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.128/1940.128_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "13949", "filesize": "445781740", "filename": "1940.128_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.128/1940.128_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "744", "filesize": "171857"}, "print": {"url": 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "b92f9560e7e44a87abb82401d1bb8578", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/b92f9560e7e44a87abb82401d1bb8578", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119132, "creators": [{"id": 9759, "description": "Claus de Werve (Netherlandish, 1380\u20131439)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "active in Burgundy (mostly Dijon) from 1396 until his death.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1380", "death_year": "1439", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1404, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1404\u20131410", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:39.106000"}, {"id": 148021, "accession_number": "1975.101", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eleven-Headed Bodhisattva of Compassion (Avalokiteshvara), around 1000. Western Himalayas. Gilt bronze with silver and copper inlay; overall: 39.4 x 14 x 7.6 cm (15 1/2 x 5 1/2 x 3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1975.101", "current_location": "237 Himalayan", "title": "Eleven-Headed Bodhisattva of Compassion (Avalokiteshvara)", "creation_date": "around 1000", "creation_date_earliest": 975, "creation_date_latest": 1025, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Western Himalayas"], "technique": "gilt bronze with silver and copper inlay", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Tibetan Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 39.4 x 14 x 7.6 cm (15 1/2 x 5 1/2 x 3 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.394, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.14, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441896, "title": "Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet", "description": "<i>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (September 18-December 13, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-09-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 218855, "title": "Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet", "description": "<i>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</i>. Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, Germany (May 1-August 31, 1996); Fundaci\u00f3 \"la Caixa\", Barcelona, Spain (October 1, 1996-January 12, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218846, "title": "Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet", "description": "<i>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</i>. Dr. Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hall, Taipei (January 16-May 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-01-16T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J. E. Eskenazi, Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131975", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1975\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bottle in his lower-left hand contains the nectar of immortality.", "description": "One of the finest surviving examples of its kind, this rare six-armed form of Avalokiteshvara has the slender athletic figure and penetrating expression associated with the art of Kashmir, the main source for western Tibetan styles. This Bodhisattva combines the qualities of a prince and an ascetic, with his crown and jewels combined with the yogi's antelope skin over his left shoulder and prayer beads in his middle right hand. Representing the range of Avalokiteshvara's forms and aspects, his eleven heads are remarkably articulated with individualized features. They follow textual descriptions that describe his three placid faces, three fierce faces, three terrifying howling faces, and one laughing face, all surmounted by a head of the Buddha Amitabha, with whom he is closely associated. Tongues and lips have been inlaid with copper to extraordinary effect, and a miniature seated figure of Amitabha Buddha has been placed in the center of every crown.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761204"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1975.101-eleven-headed-bodhis"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 293", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n313"}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Ulrich von. <em>Indo-Tibetan Bronzes</em>. 1st ed. Hong Kong, Glattbrugg, Switzerland: Visual Dharma Publications; Sole distributor, Nanda Distribution, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122, no. 18C; Reproduced: p. 123, no. 18C", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Klimburg-Salter, Deborah E., and Maximilian Klimburg. <em>The Silk Route and the Diamond Path: Esoteric Buddhist Art on the Trans-Himalayan Trade Routes</em>. Los Angeles, CA: Published under the sponsorship of the UCLA Art Council, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105, pl. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: [p. 20]", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (1993): 215\u2013295.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Rhie, Marylin M., Robert A. F. Thurman, and John Bigelow Taylor. <em>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</em>. New York: Tibet House New York in association with Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 127, pp. 322\u2013323", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christian Luczanits in Linrothe, Robert, Christian Luczanits, and Melissa R. Kerin. <em>Collecting paradise: Buddhist art of Kashmir and its legacies: [exhibition, Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University, January, 13 - April 19, 2015 ; Rubin Museum of Art, New York, May 22, 2015 - October 19, 2015]</em>. New York: Rubin Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "pp. 110\u2013111.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kerin, Melissa R. and Rob Linrothe. \"Recollecting Kashmir: Cleveland's Eleven-headed, Thousand-armed Avalokiteshvara.\" Orientations 46, no 1 (January/February 2015): 68\u201376.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71, fig. 2", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.101", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_web.jpg", "width": "607", "height": "893", "filesize": "51260", "filename": "1975.101_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_print.jpg", "width": "2310", "height": "3400", "filesize": "670490", "filename": "1975.101_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_full.tif", "width": "3964", "height": "5833", "filesize": "69445016", "filename": "1975.101_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "893", "filesize": "52349"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2216", "height": "3400", "filesize": "646891"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3595", "height": "5514", "filesize": "59518556"}, "date_created": "2012-06-15T12:16:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "893", "filesize": "39432"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2215", "height": "3400", "filesize": "514649"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3465", "height": "5318", "filesize": "55323356"}, "date_created": "2012-06-15T13:20:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "545", "height": "893", "filesize": "37938"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2075", "height": "3400", "filesize": "475845"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3424", "height": "5608", "filesize": "57647236"}, "date_created": "2012-06-15T13:39:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "613", "height": "893", "filesize": "61693"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2335", "height": "3400", "filesize": "791184"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3693", "height": "5376", "filesize": "59621596"}, "date_created": "2012-06-15T14:04:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "47479"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2406", "height": "3400", "filesize": "619906"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.101/1975.101_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4283", "height": "6052", "filesize": "77816848"}, "date_created": "2012-06-12T17:17:55", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148021, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 975, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "around 1000", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Eleven-Headed Avalokite\u015bvara"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:36:20.698000"}, {"id": 126758, "accession_number": "1949.18", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Dessert, 1921. Pierre Bonnard (French, 1867\u20131947). Oil on fabric; framed: 114.6 x 117.5 x 7.9 cm (45 1/8 x 46 1/4 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 76.2 x 80 cm (30 x 31 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1949.18. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "The Dessert", "creation_date": "1921", "creation_date_earliest": 1921, "creation_date_latest": 1921, "artists_tags": ["Nabis", "male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 114.6 x 117.5 x 7.9 cm (45 1/8 x 46 1/4 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 76.2 x 80 cm (30 x 31 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.146, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.175, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.079, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.762, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.8, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed dark red at lower left: Bonnard\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 191797, "title": "Object in Focus: Pierre Bonnard's The Dessert", "description": "<i>Object in Focus: Pierre Bonnard's The Dessert</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1-October 14, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Possibly Paris. Premi\u00e8re exposition des collections au profit de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Amis du Luxembourg (according to damaged label on the back).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Antwerp, Kunst van Heden/Art Contemporain. Exposition d'art fran\u00e7ais moderne (1926), no. 3, Au dessert, App. \u00e0 M. A. Kapferer.", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Possibly Brussels, Palais des Beaux-Arts. Exposition d'Art Fran\u00e7ais Moderne (1929), no. 418, Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9jeuner; or no. 421, Dessert, both owned by Kapferer.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie O. P\u00e9trid\u00e8s. 18 peintures de Bonnard (1943), no. 15 (repr.), Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9jeuner.", "opening_date": "1943-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Paul Rosenberg. Bonnard (1956), no. 6, 10 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron (Ohio) Art Institute. Masterpiece Series (1957), no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; September 1 - October 14, 1997.  \"Object in Focus:  Pierre Bonnard's The Dessert.\"", "opening_date": "1997-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (organizer). Beijing World Art Museum, China, May 26 - Aug. 27, 2006; Mori Arts Center, Tokyo, Japan: Sept. 9 - Nov. 26, 2006; Seoul Arts Center, Seoul, Korea: Dec. 18, 2006 - March 31, 2007; Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, Seoul, Korea: Apr. 7 - May 20, 2007; Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: June 9 - Sept. 16, 2007; Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 21, 2007- January 13, 2008;  Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN, Feb. 21-June 1, 2008; Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT, June 22 - September 21, 2008; and the Detroit Institute of Arts, MI, October 12, 2008 - January 18, 2009:  \"Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2006-05-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henri Kapferer [1870-1956] and Marcel Kapferer [1872-1966], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Kapferer brothers are listed as the lenders/owners of Bonnard\u2019s <em>Le Dessert</em>, no. 108 in the <em>Premi\u00e8re exposition au profit de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Amis du Luxembourg.</em>&nbsp; The Bonnard catalogue raisonn\u00e9 incorrectly lists this exhibition as taking place in 1932.</div>"], "date": "By 1924", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie O. P\u00e9trid\u00e8s, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->While there have been some suggestions that the Bonnard was with Galerie P\u00e9trid\u00e8s in 1932, there does not appear to be any confirming documentation; however, the painting does appear in a 1943 Bonnard exhibition at the gallery (no. 15, <em>Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9jeuner</em>). &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "By 1943", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Paul Rosenberg & Co., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1949", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1949-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In this painting Pierre Bonnard gives us a colorful glimpse of an intimate dinner scene at the beginning of the 2. He places us close to the figures and a little bit higher, as if we were just standing to leave the table, allowing the viewer to imagine being part of the scene.", "description": "This domestic scene depicts a woman at a dining table accompanied by a young man at whose side is a small dog, just visible at the edge of the table. The woman is the artist\u2019s wife, Marthe. The boy has been identified as Ari Redon, the son of artist Odilon Redon; and the dachshund is the Bonnard family pet, Poucette. The painting explores the simple pleasures of daily life\u2014a shared meal, quiet companionship\u2014enriched through the application of glowing, sensual color.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515635"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co., invoice to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Feb. 7, 1949, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie O. Pe\u0301tride\u0300s.  <em>18 peintures de Bonnard.</em> Paris: Galerie O. Pe\u0301tride\u0300s, 1943.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Socie\u0301te\u0301 des amis du Luxembourg. <em>1re exposition de collectionneurs: ouverte du 10 mars au 10 avril 1924 au profit de la Soci\u02b9et\u02b9e des Amis du Luxembourg en l'Hotel de la Curiosit\u02b9e et des Beaux-Arts</em>. Paris: Frazier-Soye, 1924.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cThe Art of Pierre Bonnard.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 37, no. 1 (January 1950): 2, 5\u20138.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2; Mentioned: p. 5-8", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141599"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 516", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n95"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cSouth of His House, North of His House: Nyack, a Painting by Fairfield Porter.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 3 (March 1971): 85\u201390.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 86-87, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152366"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 226", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n246"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cPierre Bonnard: La Terrasse de Caf\u00e9.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 2 (February 1978): 58\u201365.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 64, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159565"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 46-47, Vol. I, no. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 299", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "Serrano, Ve\u0301ronique. <em>Bonnard et la Po\u00e9sie d'un Objet Ordinaire. </em>Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana Editoriale, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10, p. 53; Mentioned: p. 11", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.18", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "49047a8dc9424533afb31095f3a55c27", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/49047a8dc9424533afb31095f3a55c27", "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 126758, "creators": [{"id": 1733, "description": "Pierre Bonnard (French, 1867\u20131947)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pierre Bonnard was a law student when he began his artistic training in 1887 at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian in Paris, where he met Paul S\u00e9rusier (1864-1927) and the theorist and painter Maurice Denis (1870-1943). Both would be influential in his artistic career and become Bonnard's lifelong friends. In 1889, the year he obtained his law degree, he saw the exhibition at Caf\u00e9 Volpini (see Gauguin, Woman in the Waves, no. 100) and was particularly impressed with Gauguin's work. S\u00e9rusier, after having returned from studying with Gauguin in Pont-Aven, decided to form his own artistic group called the Nabis (Hebrew: prophets). The founding members of the Nabis included Denis, who wrote the manifesto for the group, \"D\u00e9finition du n\u00e9o-traditionnisme\" (published in May 1890 in Art et critique), Bonnard, Paul Ranson (1864-1909), and Henri-Gabriel Ibels (1867-1936). Their first exhibition occurred in 1891, and they were later joined by Ker-Xavier Roussel (1867-1944) and Vuillard (q.v.). Based loosely on the synthetist goals established by Gauguin and \u00c9mile Bernard, the movement was created from S\u00e9rusier's vision of an artistic brotherhood dedicated to symbolism whereby a universal language could be expressed through symbols. The Nabis were opposed to the naturalism taught at academies by artists such as Bouguereau (q.v.) and wanted to move away from didactic and moral paintings toward a more decorative style characterized by simplified drawing, flat patches of color, and heavy set contours. Bonnard's works of the 1890s were influenced by the innovations of Gauguin as well as Japanese prints, which were easily accessible in nineteenth-century Paris. His paintings took on a decorative quality, mirroring his artistic expressions in other media such as stained glass, furniture, pottery, and painted screens. Bonnard's and Vuillard's domestic interior paintings of the 1890s were often described using the term intimisme. In 1891 Bonnard also experimented with other media, including poster designs and lithographs, which inspired his friend Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), whom he had met through La revue blanche, a magazine that published the Nabis' work. Around 1900 the members of the Nabis began to drift apart. Between 1905 and 1910 Bonnard and Vuillard traveled to England, Belgium, Holland, Spain, and Italy, visiting many museums. Bonnard's art began to gravitate toward impressionism, but his colors were more expressive and his compositions more overtly structured; elements of the painted interiors such as doors, windows or pieces of furniture often provided a strong compositional framework. He also worked extensively with photographs. His late works were acclaimed by fellow Parisians like Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and Paul Signac (1863-1935). After 1920 Bonnard exhibited extensively and became an internationally renowned artist, receiving much recognition in the United States, where he traveled in 1926.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1867", "death_year": "1947", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-02-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1921, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1921", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["After Dinner"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:13.934000"}, {"id": 98627, "accession_number": "1918.328", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Age of Bronze, 1875\u201376. Auguste Rodin (French, 1840\u20131917). Bronze; with base: 182.2 x 66.4 x 47 cm (71 3/4 x 26 1/8 x 18 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph King, 1918.328", "current_location": "218 European Sculpture", "title": "The Age of Bronze", "creation_date": "1875\u201376", "creation_date_earliest": 1875, "creation_date_latest": 1876, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Sculpture 1800-1960", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "with base: 182.2 x 66.4 x 47 cm (71 3/4 x 26 1/8 x 18 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"with base": {"height": 1.822, "height_inch": 71, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.664, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.47, "depth_inch": 18, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed top of base to right:  Rodin; inscribed back of base:  A. RUDIER Fondeur Paris.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311952, "title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding", "description": "<i>Art, A Means to World Understanding</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-April 10, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 228074, "title": "Rodin:  A Magnificent Obsession - Selections from the Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Foundation", "description": "<i>Rodin:  A Magnificent Obsession - Selections from the Iris and B. Gerald Cantor Foundation</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 300186, "title": "Rodin-100 Years", "description": "<i>Rodin-100 Years</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2017-May 13, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-09-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 543896, "title": "Rodin\u2014100 Years", "description": "<i>Rodin\u2014100 Years</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2017-May 13, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-09-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Ralph King, Cleveland, Ohio, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1918", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1918-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sculpture suggests the heroism and suffering of his countrymen during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870\u201371. This life-sized male figure was modeled after a Belgium soldier named August Neyt.", "description": "Rodin\u2019s earliest surviving life-size sculpture,<em> The Age of Bronze</em> is an enigmatic and provocative image of a man awakening to new consciousness. The figure originally held a spear in one hand; by removing the weapon, Rodin stripped the sculpture of narrative symbols and focused on the sensuality and psychological power of the male nude. Contemporaries found the figure so realistic they falsely accused Rodin of making a cast from a living person. Museum trustee Ralph King commissioned this cast from the artist in 1916 with the intention of donating it to the museum. Rodin personally supervised the exceptionally fine casting and finished it with his favorite patina, a deep reddish tone he called \u201ccrushed grape.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742598"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.328-the-age-of-bronze"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Smiley, Charles Newton. \"Rodin in the Metropolitan Museum. \" <em>Art and Archaeology </em>3, no. 3 (March 1916): 164-171.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 170-171", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Modern Sculpture at the Museum.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 6 (1917): 108-09.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 108-109", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136110"}, {"citation": "\"Rodin Memorial Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 9 (1917): 162-63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136150"}, {"citation": "Seaton-Schmidt, Anna. \"August Rodin: Man and Sculptor: An Appreciation.\" <em>The American Magazine of Art</em> 9, no. 4 (February 1918): 129-40.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Man of the Age of Bronze.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 5, no. 6/7 (1918): 63.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp. 63, 70", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136204"}, {"citation": "\"Front Matter.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 6 (1919).", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136296"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Sculpture.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 2 (February 1947): 25-26.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141340"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 333", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n65"}, {"citation": "Milliken William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n199"}, {"citation": "Tacha, Athena. <em>Rodin Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94-95, cat. no. VII; Reproduced: p. [38], Plate 56", "url": "https://archive.org/details/RodinSculpture/page/n108"}, {"citation": "Tacha, Athena. <em>Rodin Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 56, cat. no. VII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland]: The Museum, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jianu, Ionel, and Ce\u0301cile Goldscheider. <em>Rodin</em>. Paris: Arted, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n199"}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>19th and 20th Century Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140, fig. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>19th and 20th Century Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140, pl. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tacha, Athena. <em>A Supplement to Rodin Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126S-128S, cat. no. VII", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 217", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n237"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 102-103, no. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goldscheider, Ce\u0301cile. <em>Auguste Rodin: catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'\u0153uvre sculpte\u0301.</em> Paris, FR: Wildenstein Institute, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161, fig. 95b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jiminez, Jill Berk, and Joanna Banham. <em>Dictionary of Artists' Models</em>. London: Fitzroy Dearborn, MI, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 401", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, UK. Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 268-269", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 290", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 21", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.328", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.328/1918.328_web.jpg", "width": "507", "height": "893", "filesize": "189298", "filename": "1918.328_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.328/1918.328_print.jpg", "width": "1930", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2492279", "filename": "1918.328_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.328/1918.328_full.tif", "width": "3352", "height": "5904", "filesize": "59399540", "filename": "1918.328_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.328/1918.328_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "500", "height": "893", "filesize": "188203"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.328/1918.328_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1905", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2507940"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.328/1918.328_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3393", "height": "6057", "filesize": "61683108"}, "date_created": "2005-11-07T19:32:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.328/1918.328_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "503", "height": "893", "filesize": "187652"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.328/1918.328_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1916", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2504321"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.328/1918.328_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3300", "height": "5857", "filesize": "58013220"}, "date_created": "2005-11-07T20:15:45", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph King", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "88c184078caa45da98c21cfe5f1d6845", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/88c184078caa45da98c21cfe5f1d6845", "gallery_donor_text": "Betty T. and David M. Schneider Gallery", "athena_id": 98627, "creators": [{"id": 5925, "description": "Auguste Rodin (French, 1840\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1875, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1875\u201376", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:27.434000"}, {"id": 145450, "accession_number": "1971.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Interior of a Church, c. 1680. Emanuel de Witte (Dutch, c. 1617\u20131692). Oil on canvas; framed: 89.5 x 80.5 x 6.5 cm (35 1/4 x 31 11/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 62 x 54 cm (24 7/16 x 21 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1971.1", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Interior of a Church", "creation_date": "c. 1680", "creation_date_earliest": 1675, "creation_date_latest": 1685, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 89.5 x 80.5 x 6.5 cm (35 1/4 x 31 11/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 62 x 54 cm (24 7/16 x 21 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.895, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.805, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.62, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.54, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1971</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196195, "title": "Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe", "description": "<i>Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 2010-January 17, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Theodor Stroefer [1843-1927], N\u00fcrnberg", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1927", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Family of Theodor Stroefer, N\u00fcrnberg", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927-1937", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Julius B\u00f6hler, Munich, Stroefer sale, Oct. 28, 1937, no. 122 [13,000 Reichsmarks, sold to Curt Bohnewand)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The price list, annotated with buyers' names, of the Bayerisches Wirtschaftsarchiv's copy of the Stroefer sale catalogue shows that the de Witte was sold to \"Bohnewald\" [sic].</div>"], "date": "1937", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Curt Bohnewand [1888-1966], Berlin and Rottach-Egern, Germany1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Bohnewand, a successful tobacconist and art collector, purchased the de Witte at the Stroefer sale according to the price list in the B\u00f6hler archives.&nbsp; Ilse Manke\u2019s 1963 monograph on de Witte situates the painting in 1953 with \u201cKunsthandel Steinmeyer, Munich,\u201d a gallery founded by Julius Wilhelm B\u00f6hler and Fritz Steinmeyer in Lucerne (not Munich).&nbsp; This reference is most likely erroneous, as the painting remained with Bohnewand until his death and was sold in the posthumous sale of his collection in 1969. &nbsp; Prior to Steinmeyer, Manke gives the following provenance, in reverse chronological order: Bohnewand; a Berlin private collection; and Stroefer.&nbsp; The Berlin private collector is likely Bohnewand, given what we know about his dates of ownership of the painting. Volume XXXVI of Thieme-Becker, published in 1947, also situates the painting in a Berlin private collection, which, again, must refer to Bohnewand. The provenance given by Thieme-Becker for the CMA painting lists the Stroefer sale and then notes, \u201czuletzt bei Ed. Plietzsch,\u201d which indicates that the most recent owner had been Eduard Plietzsch. Plietzsch was specialist in Dutch and Flemish painting who played a large role in the development of Goering\u2019s collection as the chief assistant to Kajetan M\u00fchlmann, a major figure in the Nazi art confiscations.&nbsp; The reference to Plietzsch in connection with the CMA painting appears incorrect: First, we know that the painting was with Bohnewand from 1937 until his posthumous sale in 1969.&nbsp; Second, there is no documentary evidence confirming Plietzsch\u2019s ownership of this painting, and in fact, it\u2019s possible that at some point the provenance of the CMA painting was confused with that of other paintings of church interiors by de Witte that were connected to Plietzsch, whether before or after the Stroefer sale:&nbsp; <em>Interior of a Church </em>was confiscated from the Jaffe collection (Munich Central Collecting Point no. 4061) by the Dienststelle M\u00fchlmann, and two de Witte church interior scenes appear in the liquidation sales of the Berlin branch of Plietzsch\u2019s gallery, Galerie van Diemen (Paul Graupe, Jan. 25th and April 26th, 1935). &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1937 - 1969", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Kunsthaus Lempertz, Cologne, Bohnewand sale, March 28, 1969, no. 25, probably sold to Schaeffer Galleries)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Schaeffer Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1969-1970", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the 1600s, Dutch churches functioned as public gathering places\u2014even dogs were allowed!", "description": "Although this spacious church interior is largely imaginary, Emanuel de Witte\u2019s precise description of architectural forms convinces us that he depicted an actual place. To create a sense of familiarity, he included some specific architectural features from the Oude Kerk (Old Church) in Amsterdam. In the late 1500s, militant Protestant sects occupied Catholic churches in the Netherlands and stripped them of rich decorations and \u201cidolatrous\u201d images. The resulting spare, whitewashed interiors became a favorite subject of Dutch artists, who were intrigued by the interplay of light and shadow over the unadorned walls, and by the challenge of depicting perspectival space.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471212"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.1-interior-of-a-church"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Julius B\u00f6hler.  <em>Sammlung Theodor Stroefer, N\u00fcrnberg: [freiwillige Versteigerung der alten Gem\u00e4lde und Plastiken der Sammlung Theodor Stroefer, N\u00fcrnberg durch Julius B\u00f6hler\u202628 Oktober 1937].  </em>Munich: Julius B\u00f6hler, 1937.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmidt, Robert, Friedrich Winkler, and Otto von Falke. <em>Aus der Sammlung Curt Bohnewand</em>. Munich: F. Bruckmann, n.d. [c. 1944?]", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 13, 50; Reproduced: p.29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bohnewand, Curt. <em>Aus der Sammlung Curt Bohnewand</em>. [Berlin?]: C. Bohnewand, 1944.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Trautschold, Eduard, in Ulrich Thieme, Felix Becker, Fred. C. Willis, and Hans Vollmer.<em> Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Ku\u0308nstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart.</em> Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1907.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 36 (1947) p. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manke, Ilse. <em>Emanuel de Witte, 1617-1692</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: M. Hertzberger, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105, no. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunsthaus Lempertz. <em>Sammlung Curt Bohnewand</em>. 1969.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1971.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 1 (January 1972): 3-46.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 57", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"A church Interior by Emanuel de Witte.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art 59,</em> no.10 (October, 1972): 228-235.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n177"}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Entry by Jean Kubota Cassill. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 290; Reproduced: p. 291", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ford, Terence, ed. <em>RIdIM/RCMI Inventory of Music Iconography, </em>no 8: <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, compiled by Ross Duffin. New York: Research Center for Musical Iconography, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9, no. 186.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maillet, Bernard G. <em>Inte\u0301rieurs d'e\u0301glises: la peinture architecturale des e\u0301coles du nord: 1580-1720</em>. Wijnegem, Belgium: Pandora Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 482", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.1/1971.1_web.jpg", "width": "772", "height": "893", "filesize": "438361", "filename": "1971.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.1/1971.1_print.jpg", "width": "2938", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6291879", "filename": "1971.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.1/1971.1_full.tif", "width": "4320", "height": "5000", "filesize": "64832372", "filename": "1971.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.1/1971.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "791", "height": "893", "filesize": "382319"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.1/1971.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3012", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6250397"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.1/1971.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4567", "height": "5154", "filesize": "70642652"}, "date_created": "2010-09-20T12:45:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.1/1971.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "792", "height": "893", "filesize": "409678"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.1/1971.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3015", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5502151"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.1/1971.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4771", "height": "5379", "filesize": "77024068"}, "date_created": "2010-09-20T12:42:09", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 145450, "creators": [{"id": 2832, "description": "Emanuel de Witte (Dutch, c. 1617\u20131692)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1617", "death_year": "1692", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-02-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1675, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1680", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Protestant Gothic church with Motifs of the Oude Kerk in Amsterdam"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:22.948000"}, {"id": 162292, "accession_number": "2002.29", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Blind Man's Buff, 1984. Louise Bourgeois (American, 1911\u20132010). White marble on wooden base; overall: 92.7 x 88.9 x 63.5 cm (36 1/2 x 35 x 25 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2002.29. \u00a9 The Easton Foundation / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": "229C Contemporary", "title": "Blind Man's Buff", "creation_date": "1984", "creation_date_earliest": 1984, "creation_date_latest": 1984, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "white marble on wooden base", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 92.7 x 88.9 x 63.5 cm (36 1/2 x 35 x 25 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.927, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.889, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.635, "depth_inch": 25, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "marble without base": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 The Easton Foundation / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 229612, "title": "Louise Bourgeois", "description": "<i>Louise Bourgeois</i>. Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (October 11, 2007-January 27, 2008); Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris cedex O4, France (March 5-June 2, 2008); Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (June 27-September 28, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 226564, "title": "Double Sexus: Hans Bellmer and Louise Bourgeois", "description": "<i>Double Sexus: Hans Bellmer and Louise Bourgeois</i>. Wexner Center for the Arts, Columbus, OH (organizer) (March 26-August 7, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Louise Bourgeois: Sculpture</em>. Robert Miller Gallery, New York (September 11 \u2013 October 6, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Sculpture by Women in the Eighties</em>. University of Pittsburgh Gallery, Pittsburgh, PA (November 7 \u2013 December 8, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-12-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Sculpture by Louise Bourgeois</em>. The Taft Museum, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (May 5 \u2013 June 28, 1987); The Art Museum at Florida International University, Miami, FL (October 23, 1987 \u2013 January 18, 1988); Laguna Gloria Art Museum, Austin, TX (July 1 \u2013 August 28, 1988); Washington University, Gallery of Art, St. Louis, MO (September 18 \u2013 October 30, 1988); Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY (September 27 \u2013 November, 26 1989).", "opening_date": "1987-06-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Louise Bourgeois: A Retrospective Exhibition</em>. Frankfurter Kunstverein, Frankfurt, West Germany (organizer) (December 2, 1989 \u2013 January 28, 1990); St\u00e4dtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich, West Germany (February 14 \u2013 March 25, 1990); Lyon Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Art Contemporain, Lyon, France (July 5 \u2013 August 20, 1990); Fundaci\u00f3n T\u00e0pies, Barcelona, Spain (November 6, 1990 \u2013 January 6, 1991); Kunstmuseum, Berne, Switzerland (March 7 \u2013 May 5, 1991); Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum, Otterlo, The Netherlands (May 25 \u2013 July 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1989-12-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Louise Bourgeois: Recent Work 1984-1989</em>. Riverside Studios, London (May 2 \u2013 June 17, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-06-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Louise Bourgeois: The Locus of Memory, Works 1982-1993</em>. Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, NY (co-organizer) (April 22 \u2013 July 31, 1994); The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C (co-organizer) (September 23, 1994 \u2013 January 15, 1995); Galerie Rudolfinum, Prague, Czech Republic (March 15 \u2013 May 28, 1995); Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris (June 23 \u2013 October 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-07-31T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Louise Bourgeois [1911-2010], New York, NY, possibly consigned to Robert Miller Gallery, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1984-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Robert Miller Gallery, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Karsten Greve, Cologne, Germany, 1995, sold to private collector)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1995", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private Collector", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie's, NY, May, 14, 2002, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Historians have made connections between the bulging, rounded forms in <em>Blind Man's Buff </em>and representations of Artemis of Ephesus, the goddess of fertility in Greek mythology, and the Venus of Willendorf, one of the earliest ancient art objects discovered.", "description": "Wit and play are essential elements throughout Louise Bourgeois\u2019s work. <em>Blind Man\u2019s Buff </em>is named for the child\u2019s game in which a blindfolded person must search for fellow players using only sound and touch. The artist\u2019s revision of \u201cbluff\u201d to \u201cbuff\u201d has a dual meaning. It evokes the method of smoothing or buffing marble, which was part of the artwork\u2019s production. Buff also relates to the sculpture\u2019s suggestion of nude body parts, which emerge from the solid marble. The allusion to nudity is reinforced by the fabric folds visible at the sculpture\u2019s edges, as if clothing has been cast aside.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79986260"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201c<em>Blind Man\u2019s Buff</em>, Rare Sculpture by Modern Master Louise Bourgeois, Acquired for Contemporary Collection,\u201d May 15, 2002, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4452"}, {"citation": "Grove, Jeffrey D., \"Blind Man's Buff\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 43 no. 04, April 2003", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-04/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 120", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cCalendar.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 144, no. 1197 (December 2002).", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 786", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bal, Mieke. <em>Louise Bourgeois' Spider: The Architecture of Art-Writing</em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 67; mentioned p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bernadac, Marie-Laure, and Louise Bourgeois. <em>Louise Bourgeois.</em> Paris: Flammarion, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bernadac, Marie-Laure, and Louise Bourgeois. <em>Louise Bourgeois</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, Louise, Lynne Cooke, Be\u0301atrice Parent, and Suzanne Page\u0301. <em>Louise Bourgeois; Sculptures, environnements, dessins 1938-1995</em>. Paris: Paris-Muse\u0301es, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jahn, Andrea, and Louise Bourgeois. <em>Louise Bourgeois: Subversionen des Ko\u0308rpers : die Kunst der 40er bis 70er Jahre</em>. Berlin: Reimer, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 202, Fig. 106; mentioned p. 199.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, Louise, Charlotta Kotik, Terrie Sultan, and Christian Leigh.<em> Louise Bourgeois: The Locus of Memory, Works 1982-1993</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 90, Plate 5; mentioned p. 56.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, Louise, and Stuart Morgan. <em>Louise Bourgeois</em>. Cincinnati, Ohio: Taft Museum, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 34-35.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morris, Frances, Paulo Herkenhoff, and Marie-Laure Bernadac.<em> Louise Bourgeois</em>. London: Tate Pub, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 59, Fig. 42; mentioned pgs. 58 and 60.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heartney, Eleanor, Helaine Posner, Nancy Princenthal, and Sue Scott. <em>After the Revolution: Women Who Transformed Contemporary Art</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 42; mentioned p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gorovoy, Jerry, Louise Bourgeois, Pandora Tabatabai Asbaghi, and Paulo Herkenhoff. <em>Louise Bourgeois: blue days and pink days</em>. Milan: Fondazione Prada, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 165.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Storr, Robert, Louise Bourgeois, Paulo Herkenhoff, and Allan Schwartzman. <em>Louise Bourgeois</em>. London: Phaidon Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned p. 70.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tani, Ellen Y., and Amanda Cachia. <em>Second Sight: The Paradox of Vision in Contemporary Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Brunswick, ME: Bowdoin College Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 35, Fig. 18; mentioned p. 35-36.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie\u2019s. <em>Post-War and Contemporary.</em> New York: Christie\u2019s, 16 May 2013, Lot 233.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 262.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie\u2019s. <em>Post-War and Contemporary.</em> New York: Christie\u2019s, 14 May 2002, Lot 28.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 82.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kim, Tina. <em>Kukje Gallery: 25 Years</em>. Seoul: Kukje Gallery, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 19.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Louise Bourgeois: Femme</em>. Exh. Cat. Baltimore, MD: Walters Art Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 23.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, Louise. <em>Louise Bourgeois: Recent Work 1984-1989</em>. London: Riverside Studios, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 28.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Louise Bourgeois: Sculpture, Drawings and Prints</em>. Exh. Cat. Jena, Germany: St\u00e4dtischen Museen Jena, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 18 and 53.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, Louise, and Xavier Tricot.<em> Un Salon Pour Louise Bourgeois</em>. Oudenburg [Belgium]: Foundation De Elf Lijnen, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced pgs. 22-23.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, Louise. <em>Louise Bourgeois: Rijksmuseum Kro\u0308ller-Mu\u0308ller, Otterlo, 25 Mei - 8 Juli 1991</em>. Schaffhausen [Switzerland]: Verlag Photographic AG, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced pgs. 34 and 151.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2002.29", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162292, "creators": [{"id": 6371, "description": "Louise Bourgeois (American, 1911\u20132010)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1911", "death_year": "2010", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2002-05-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1984, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1984", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-28 11:04:05.611000"}, {"id": 142560, "accession_number": "1966.30", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Standing Buddha, c. 900. India, Kashmir. Brass with silver and copper inlay; overall: 98.1 cm (38 5/8 in.); base: 28.2 cm (11 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1966.30", "current_location": "237 Himalayan", "title": "Standing Buddha", "creation_date": "c. 900", "creation_date_earliest": 895, "creation_date_latest": 905, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Kashmir"], "technique": "brass with silver and copper inlay", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 98.1 cm (38 5/8 in.); Base: 28.2 cm (11 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.981, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "base": {"width": 0.282, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed with the name of the monk who owned it:  Lhatsun Nagaraja (active from c. 998 to 1026)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518125, "title": "The Art of Tibet", "description": "<i>The Art of Tibet</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (April 10-June 8, 1969); Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC (July 1-August 30, 1969); Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (October 1-November 15, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-04-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 185521, "title": "Object in Focus:  Toward a Definition of an Early \"Western Tibetan\" Style", "description": "<i>Object in Focus:  Toward a Definition of an Early \"Western Tibetan\" Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 24-June 24, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-04-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213987, "title": "Arts of Kashmir", "description": "<i>Arts of Kashmir</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (October 3, 2007-January 6, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 674347, "title": "Himalayan Gallery 237 Rotation", "description": "<i>Himalayan Gallery 237 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14, 2024-March 20, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Dieux et de\u0301mons de l'Hima\u0302laya : art du bouddhisme lamai\u0308que</em>. Grand-Palais, Paris, France (March 25\u2013June 27, 1977); Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (August 5\u2013October 16, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-06-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Light of Asia: Buddha Sakyamuni in Asian art. </em>Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (March 4-May 20, 1984); Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (June 30\u2013August 26, 1984); The Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, NY (November 1, 1984\u2013February 10, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Wisdom and compassion : the sacred art of Tibet.</em> Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (April 17\u2013August 18, 1991); IBM Gallery of Science and Art, New York, NY (October 15\u2013December 28, 91); Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (September 18\u2013December 13, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-08-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J.J. Klejman [1906\u20131995], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Buddha grasps the end of his robe in his left hand.", "description": "The slender athletic Buddha extends one foot slightly off the lotus pedestal, suggesting his humanity enters our world from his transcendent state. With his right hand he signals that we should have no fear. The smooth signs of wear on the sculpture indicate that it was worshiped in Kashmir, where water and other ablutions were poured over sacred images during rituals. The Tibetan inscription on the pedestal states that it belonged to a royal monk named Nagaraja (Tibetan, active about 998\u20131026). Sculptures like this contributed to the transmission of Buddhism from India to Tibet and served as artistic models.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778279"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.30-standing-buddha"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n256"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35; Mentioned: p. 63-64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 53, no. 7, 1966, pp. 181\u2013284.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 156, p. 251; Mentioned: no. 156, p. 284", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "\u201cArt \u2013 The Cleveland Museum of Art\u2019s Golden Show.\u201d <em>Newsweek</em> (September 12, 1966).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland museum of art golden anniversary.\" <em>Archaeology</em>, October 1966, vol. 19, pp. 277-283.", "page_number": "p. 279", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burton, Richard. \u201cFifty Years of the Cleveland Museum of Art: Some Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\u201d <em>The Connoisseur</em>, vol 163:656 (October 1966) pp. 128-135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 134", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201c'Golden Anniversary' Acquisitions by the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em>, vol. 108, no. 764, 1966, pp. 574\u2013579.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 48, p. 576", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/875138"}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1966.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 21, 1967, pp. 75\u2013103.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 79, fig. 15", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20110997"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cClothed in the Sun: A Buddha and a Surya from Kashmir.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 54, no. 2, 1967, pp. 42\u201363.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 42, 45, fig. 3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152142"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n256"}, {"citation": "Fricke, Berthold. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya. <em>Bronzes of Kashmir</em>. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1975.", "page_number": "no. 26, pp. 39, 100", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France), Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux (France), and Haus der Kunst Mu\u0308nchen. <em>Dieux et de\u0301mons de l'Hima\u0302laya: art du bouddhisme lamai\u0308que : [exposition], Grand-Palais, 25 mars-27 juin 1977</em>. Paris: Secre\u0301tariat d'E\u0301tat a\u0300 la culture, E\u0301ditions des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 36, p. 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Archeologie</em>, no. 107 (June 1977), p. 40", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 294", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n314"}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Ulrich von. <em>Indo-Tibetan Bronzes</em>. 1st ed. Hong Kong, Glattbrugg, Switzerland: Visual Dharma Publications; Sole distributor, Nanda Distribution, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122, no. 18E; Reproduced: p. 123, no. 18E", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Klimburg-Salter, Deborah E., and Maximilian Klimburg. <em>The Silk Route and the Diamond Path: Esoteric Buddhist Art on the Trans-Himalayan Trade Routes</em>. Los Angeles, CA: Published under the sponsorship of the UCLA Art Council, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103, pl. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya, and Robert L. Brown. <em>Light of Asia: Buddha Sakyamuni in Asian Art</em>. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 114, pp. 230-231", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Harle, J. C. <em>The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent</em>. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 196, p. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya. <em>A Pot-Pourri of Indian Art</em>. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 87, fig. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \"A Unique Addition to the School of Kashmiri Ivories.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 8 (1988): 298-319.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 310, fig. 19", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160044"}, {"citation": "Rhie, Marylin M., and Robert A. F. Thurman. <em>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 4, p. 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. \u201cSome Tibetan and Tibet-Related Acquisitions of the Cleveland Museum of Art\u201d, <em>Oriental Art</em> (Winter 1992/93) vol 38:4.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 240", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fussman, G\u00e9rard. \u201cChilas, Hatun et les Bronzes Buddhiques du Cachemere.\u201d pp. 1\u201360. In <em>Antiquities of Northern Pakistan</em>, vol. 2. Mainz: Verlag von Zabern, 1993.", "page_number": "pp. 50\u201351", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Harle, J. C.<em> The Art and Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 146, p. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Naomi Noble Richard.<em> A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 161, p. 130", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rhie, Marylin M., Robert A. F. Thurman, and John Bigelow Taylor. <em>Weisheit und Liebe: 1000 Jahre Kunst des tibetischen Buddhismus</em>. Bonn: Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1996.", "page_number": "Represent: fig. 4, p. 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Reedy, Chandra L. <em>Himalayan Bronzes: Technology, Style, and Choices</em>. Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press; London; Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 166, fig. K76", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 154-155", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sugimura, To\u0304 \u6749\u6751\u68df. <em>Isura\u0304mu </em>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakukan, 1999.", "page_number": "no. 35, p. 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chuvin, Pierre, and Gilles Be\u0301guin. <em>Les arts de l'Asie Centrale</em>. Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246, no. 295", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 100, p. 90; Mentioned: no. 100, p. 119", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya, Amy Heller, Oskar von Hinu\u0308ber, and Gautamavajra Vajra\u0304ca\u0304rya. <em>Himalayas: An Aesthetic Adventur</em>e. Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago in association with University of California Press and Mapin Pub, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 93, fig. 3 and entry 75, p. 122", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw, \"Great Acquisitions and Southeast Asian Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Orientations, An Issue in Honour of Sherman E. Lee</em> (Jan/Feb 2005), vol. 36, no. 1.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 86", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Phillips, Kristy. \"An American Engagement with Kashmiri Art,\" Orientations 38, no. 7 (October 2007): pp. 63-68.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stoddard, Heather. <em>Early Sino-Tibetan Art</em>. Bangkok: Orchid Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 30-31, fig. 16a-16b.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Be\u0301guin, Gilles.<em> Buddhist Art: An Historical and Cultural Journe</em>y. Bangkok: River Books, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 98, fig. 86", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weldon, David. \"Two Bronzes from the Western Himalayas Revisited\". <em>Orientations</em> 42, No. 5 (June 2011): pp. 65-69.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 67, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 82-83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Siudmak, John. <em>The Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Ancient Kashmir and Its Influences</em>. Boston: Brill, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 476, pl. 226", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie. \"Indic Art Returns.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 53, no. 5 (September/October 2013): 16\u201317.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-05/page/16"}, {"citation": "Wang, Michelle C. <em>Man\u0323d\u0323alas in the Making: The Visual Culture of Esoteric Buddhism at Dunhuang</em>. 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "dbdf5dff485f47e48ea89aa558e1f79b", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/dbdf5dff485f47e48ea89aa558e1f79b", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142560, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:10.953000"}, {"id": 149146, "accession_number": "1977.7", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Raft Cup (\u9280\u69ce\u676f), 1300s\u20131400s. Attributed to Zhu Bishan (Chinese, c. 1300\u2013after 1362). Hammered silver soldered together, with chased decoration; overall: 16 cm (6 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1977.7", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Raft Cup", "title_in_original_language": "\u9280\u69ce\u676f", "creation_date": "1300s\u20131400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1499, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Yuan (1271-1368) or early Ming dynasty (1368-1644)"], "technique": "hammered silver soldered together, with chased decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Yuan Dynasty", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 16 cm (6 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.16, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "length": 0.205, "length_inch": 8, "length_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed \u78a7\u5c71 and dated \u4e59\u9149\u5e74 (1345)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "The inscription in seal script style (zhuanshu) reads:\n\nRaft cup, made in the yiyou year of Zhizheng [1345], Whoso wishes to reach the Milky Way is obstructed by the sky; Once there was a man, restless and valiant, who penetrated into the silver sea. Alas! Why did he not seek for some embroidery from the celestial loom? He only brought back in his arms a slab of stone used to prop up the loom.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302666, "title": "Year in Review: 1977", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1977</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310119, "title": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China", "description": "<i>Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312307, "title": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "<i>Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 13, 2018-February 3, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Chinese Art</em>. Burlington Fine Arts Club, London, UK (1915).", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Chinese Art</em>. Burlington House, Royal Academy of Arts, London, England (November 28, 1935-March 7, 1936).", "opening_date": "1935-11-28T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>La Decouverte de l'Asie: Hommage a Ren\u00e9 Grousset</em>. Mus\u00e9e Cernuschi, Paris, France (1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Palace Collection of the Qianlong Emperor, Beijing, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "General Sir Robert Biddulph [1835\u20131918]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1860 or 1861\u2013at least 1915", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sir Percival David [1892\u20131964], London, England, by descent to his wife Lady David", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1935\u20131964", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Lady Sheila Jane Yorke Hardy David [1914\u2013?], London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u20131976?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, England, 14 December, 1976, lot 224, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 14, 1976", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1977\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The traditional understanding of the silver vessel 's function is that it was supposed to hold wine.", "description": "The figure watching the stars is believed to be the messenger Zhang Qian (died 114 BCE). Legend says he lost his way in the Milky Way, where he met the Weaving Maid who gave him a stone from her loom. Zhang, in fact, holds a slab inscribed <em>loom stone</em>. The vessel is dated, inscribed, and has a seal of the silversmith Zhu Bishan, from Zhejiang province, who ran a workshop in the Lake Tai area near Suzhou. Zhu is one of the few Chinese silversmiths known by name, producing silverware so desirable that his name was used like a trademark by his competitors and followers. Made of pure silver, and shaped like a hollow log, the cup was assembled from several silver pieces that were then soldered together.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780889"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.7-raft-cup"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hobson, R. L. \u201cA Silver Cup of the Y\u00fcan Dynasty.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs</em>, vol. 22, no. 117 (December 1912), pp. 153\u2013158.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 153\u2013158; Reproduced: plate B", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/859184"}, {"citation": "Koop, Albert J. and Burlington Fine Arts Club. <em>Catalogue of a Collection of Objects of Chinese Art</em>. London: Priv. Print. for the Burlington fine arts club, 1915.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 55, plate IX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spendlove, F. St. George, ed. C<em>atalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, 1935-6</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 1034, pp. 81 and 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em> La de\u0301couverte de l'Asie. [Exposition] hommage a\u0300 Rene\u0301 Grousset</em>. Paris: Muse\u0301e Cernuschi, 1954.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 447, plate 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cheng Chen-to. \"Chu Pi-shang lung-ch'o chi,\" (The Dragon Rafts by Chu Pi-shang). <em>Gu gong bo wu yuan yuan kan</em> \u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662\u9662\u520a (Beijing 1960), II, pp.165\u2013169.", "page_number": "II, pp. 165\u2013169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jenyns, Soame, and William Watson. <em>Chinese Art: The Minor Arts</em>. New York: Universe Books, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 35, p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beurdeley, Michel.<em> The Chinese Collector Through the Centuries, from the Han to the 20th Century</em>. Rutland, Vt: C.E. Tuttle Co, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109, fig. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities</em>, 43, 1971, pl. 3", "page_number": "pl. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cao, Zhao, and Percival David. <em>Chinese Connoisseurship: The Ko Ku Yao Lun, the Essential Criteria of Antiquities</em>. London: Faber, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 19c", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's London.<em> Early Chinese Ceramics; Sung, Ming and Ch'ing Wares; Lacquer; Works of Art</em>. December 14, 1976. Lot 224.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1977.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 1 (1978): 2\u201342.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 128, p. 33", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159560."}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 344", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n364"}, {"citation": "Little, Stephen. <em>Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China : the Cleveland Museum of Art, February 10-April 10, 1988</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"The Fine Art of Drinking: The Chinese Silversmith Zhu Bishan and His Sculptural Cups.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 10 (1994): 380-401.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, pp. 380\u2013381; Mentioned: pp. 380\u2013401", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161475"}, {"citation": "Christman, Bruce. \u201cTechnical Note on the Raft Cup.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 10 (December 1994): 402\u2013407.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161476"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 74\u201375", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chapman, Jan. <em>The Art of Rhinoceros Horn Carving in China</em> [\u4e2d\u56ef\u7684\u7280\u725b\u89d2\u96d5\u523b\u517f\u8853 = Chung-Kuo Ti Hsi Niu Chiao Tiao K\u02bbo I Shu]. London: Christie's Books, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 263, no. 382 (above)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 104\u2013105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "a254ffe2ee5f4512a034e666b5eee4bd", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/a254ffe2ee5f4512a034e666b5eee4bd", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149146, "creators": [{"id": 22729, "description": "Zhu Bishan (Chinese, c. 1300\u2013after 1362)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6731\u78a7\u5c71", "birth_year": "1300", "death_year": "1367", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-02-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1300s\u20131400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "This intricately worked cup is largely formed from small pieces of sheet silver, hammered into shape and joined with solder. The surfaces were then chased to create much of the decoration and to disguise the seams. The sash at the figure's waist and the lock of hair were noted in an examination from 1994 to be separately cast pieces attached with small tangs inserted through openings in the silver. X-ray fluorescence analysis of the silver in 1999 showed the composition to be 98.4% silver, 1.1% copper, 0.2% gold, and .04% lead by weight. The silver is protected by a surface coating of cellulose nitrate lacquer to reduce the formation of silver oxidation products.", "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Raft-Cup with Taoist Immortal"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:33.744000"}, {"id": 142792, "accession_number": "1966.49", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Wrestlers in a Circus, 1909. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (German, 1880\u20131938). Oil on canvas; framed: 107.5 x 121 x 7 cm (42 5/16 x 47 5/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 80.5 x 94 cm (31 11/16 x 37 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art and Bequest of William R. Valentiner, 1966.49", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "Wrestlers in a Circus", "creation_date": "1909", "creation_date_earliest": 1909, "creation_date_latest": 1909, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 107.5 x 121 x 7 cm (42 5/16 x 47 5/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 80.5 x 94 cm (31 11/16 x 37 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.075, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.21, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.805, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.94, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  E. L. Kirchner.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 445095, "title": "Brucke Artists 1905 - 1910", "description": "<i>Brucke Artists 1905 - 1910</i>. Br\u00fccke-Museum Berlin, Berlin (Dahlem), Germany (organizer) (September 8-October 28, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-09-08T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Artist\u2019s estate, sold to Grosshennig Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->After Kirchner\u2019s death in 1938, his estate passed into the hands of his wife, Erna.&nbsp; The contents of the estate remained in the Kirchner home in Davos until 1946, when they were transferred to the Kunstmuseum Basel. In 1948 the collection was inventoried, and it remained at the Kunstmuseum Basel until 1954 under the supervision of the museum\u2019s director, Georg Schmidt.&nbsp; From 1954, Kirchner\u2019s works were in the care of the estate administrator, Roman Norbert Ketterer, appointed by Kirchner\u2019s heirs, who sold the CMA picture to Galerie Grosshennig on February 14, 1957.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1938-1957", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Grosshennig, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany, sold to Otto Gerson Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Otto Gerson Gallery, New York, lent to Grosshennig Gallery on commission)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Although the mode of transfer of the Kirchner painting from Galerie Grosshennig to Otto Gerson Gallery is unclear, it occurred quickly, as the painting appears in a 1957 exhibition mounted by Gerson.&nbsp; The Kirchner is also recorded in the Otto Gerson stock books by June 1958 (stock no. P47), and in the gallery inventory by October 31 of that year.&nbsp; Neither the stock book nor the inventory clarify the circumstances of the transfer of the painting from Grosshennig to Gerson.&nbsp; Because Wilhelm Grosshennig and the Gerson Gallery worked very closely together throughout the 1950s and 1960s, it is quite possible the painting was under joint ownership.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1957 - by 1960", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Galerie Grosshennig, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany, returned unsold to Marlborough-Gerson Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Kirchner was once again with Galerie Grosshennig, having been lent on commission by Gerson.&nbsp; It appeared in Grosshennig exhibitions in 1960 and 1962. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "By 1960-1963", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Marlborough-Gerson Gallery, New York, sold to Allan Frumkin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->After failing to sell at Grosshennig, the painting was returned to the Marlborough-Gerson Gallery, which had absorbed Gerson\u2019s stock after his death in 1960.&nbsp; After Gerson died, his widow, Ilse, Ralph Colin, executor of Gerson\u2019s estate, and Frank Lloyd and Harry Fischer, who had founded Marlborough Fine Art in London, created the Marlborough-Gerson Gallery in New York in 1963.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1963-1964", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Allan Frumkin Gallery, New York, NY, sold to E.V. Thaw)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Several pieces of correspondence indicate that Frumkin purchased the painting in Germany, which could mean that he saw it at Grosshennig but purchased it through Marlborough-Gerson shortly thereafter, or that Grosshennig was involved in the sale in some capacity, as the two dealers were still closely associated. In any case, the Kirchner was certainly back with Marlborough-Gerson by 1963, and therefore Frumkin could not have purchased it directly from Grosshennig.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1964-1966", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(E. V. Thaw, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "During the 1930s, 639 works by Kirchner were removed from German museums and either destroyed or sold to foreign collectors and museums. The year after the Nazis organized the Degenerate Art exhibition in Munich, Kirchner committed suicide.", "description": "Locked in a dangerous embrace, beefy wrestlers writhe on a brightly colored mat. Famous for his scenes of urban life, Kirchner uses loose brushstrokes to capture the blur of bodies in motion. Imagine watching this intense match, surrounded by screaming spectators.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469727"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.49-wrestlers-in-a-circu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Schmalenbach, Werner, and Rene\u0301 Wehrli. <em>Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, 1880-1938.  </em>Zu\u0308rich: Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich, 1952.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gordon, Donald E. <em>Ernst Ludwig Kirchner</em>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Wolfgang Henze, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 7, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wolfgang Henze, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Dec. 11, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wolfgang Henze, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 7, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wolfgang Henze, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Dec. 11, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Otto and Ilse Gerson Papers, Business Records, reel 4051, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Myers, Bernard Samuel.  <em>Ernst Ludwig Kirchner: New York, Fine Arts Associates Otto M. Gerson, November 12 - December 7, 1957</em>. New York: Fine Arts Associates, 1957.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eugene Victor Thaw, letter to Edward B. Henning, Nov. 17, 1967, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Otto and Ilse Gerson Papers, Business Records, reel 4051, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Wilhelm Grosshennig. <em>Einladung zum Besuch meiner Ausstellung auserlesener Meisterwerke des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts: Juni-August 1962</em>. 1962.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gordon, Donald E. <em>Ernst Ludwig Kirchner</em>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968.<em><br></em>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Margaret Heuser-Mantell, letter to Margaret Burgess, Aug. 11, 2004, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Tuchman, Maurice. <em>Van Gogh and Expressionism: [Commentary]</em>. New York: Guggenheim Museum. 1964. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1964.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Margaret Heuser-Mantell, letter to Margaret Burgess, Aug. 11, 2004, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eugene Victor Thaw, letter to Edward B. Henning, Nov. 17, 1967, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eugene Victor Thaw, letter to Edward B. Henning, Nov. 17, 1967, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Margaret Burgess, fax to Alice Adam (handwritten notation on fax), July 20, 2004, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eugene Victor Thaw, letter to Edward B. Henning, Nov. 17, 1967, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n220"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 7 (September 1966): 181\u2013284.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 240; Mentioned: p. 283, no. 117", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cTwo German Expressionist Paintings.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 4 (April 1968): 95\u2013102.", "page_number": "mentioned and reproduced: p. 95-96, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152208"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n220"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n1"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 245", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n265"}, {"citation": "Corriveau, Bethany. \"The Art of Sport.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 24-25.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 24-25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/24/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Lovleva, L. I.\" <em>Natalia Goncharova: Between East and West\"</em>. Moscow, Soviet Union; State Tretyakov Gallery, (2013): 40-51.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich, Kunsthaus. <em>Expressionismus in Deutschland und Frankreich Von Matisse zum Blauen Reiter</em>. Mu\u0308nchen. Germany: Prestel, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 296", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Moeller, Magdalena M. <em>Die Bru\u0308cke 1905-14</em>. Baden-Baden: Museum Frieder Burda; M\u00fcnchen: Hirmer, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 118-119", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.49", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.49/1966.49_web.jpg", "width": "1046", "height": "893", "filesize": "800337", "filename": "1966.49_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.49/1966.49_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2902", "filesize": "8456180", "filename": "1966.49_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.49/1966.49_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4694", "filesize": "77487384", "filename": "1966.49_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art and Bequest of William R. Valentiner", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142792, "creators": [{"id": 3155, "description": "Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (German, 1880\u20131938)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1880", "death_year": "1938", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1909, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1909", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:26.670000"}, {"id": 127239, "accession_number": "1949.555", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seated Male Carrying Maize, 1325\u20131521. Central Mexico, Aztec style, 13th-16th century. Stone, pigment; overall: 31.1 x 24.1 x 30.5 cm (12 1/4 x 9 1/2 x 12 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1949.555", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Seated Male Carrying Maize", "creation_date": "1325\u20131521", "creation_date_earliest": 1325, "creation_date_latest": 1521, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Mexico, Aztec style, 13th-16th century"], "technique": "stone, pigment", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 31.1 x 24.1 x 30.5 cm (12 1/4 x 9 1/2 x 12 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.311, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.241, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.305, "depth_inch": 12, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355758, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Herbs in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Herbs in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 8-August 1, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-05-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "<i>The Imagination of Primitive Man</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515721, "title": "Man and His World", "description": "<i>Man and His World</i>. Expo 67, Montreal, Canada (organizer) (April 27-October 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 216520, "title": "The Road to Aztlan: Art from a Mythic Homeland", "description": "<i>The Road to Aztlan: Art from a Mythic Homeland</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (organizer) (May 13-August 26, 2001); Austin Museum of Art (Texas Fine Arts Association) (October 19-December 30, 2001); The Albuquerque Museum (February 10-April 28, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-05-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222472, "title": "The Aztecs", "description": "<i>The Aztecs</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 16, 2002-April 11, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-11-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222159, "title": "The Aztec Empire", "description": "<i>The Aztec Empire</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (October 14, 2004-February 15, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Imagination of Primitive Man</em>, Kansas City, MO: William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art (January 18- February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Man and His World, International Fine Arts Exhibition, </em>Montreal, Canada (April 28- October 27, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Azteca-Mexica</em>, Madrid, Spain (1992).", "opening_date": "1992-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palm Beach, Florida: Society of the Four Arts; January 9-31, 1953. \"Ancient American Art.\"", "opening_date": "1953-01-09T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Raymond Henry Norweb [1894-1983] and Emery May Holden Norweb [1895-1984], Cleveland OH, gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1949", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1949-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Macuilxochitl is one of five gods of excess pleasure, and the punishment that follows.", "description": "This figure probably represents an Aztec deity-either Macuilxochitl or Xochipilli-whose domain was beauty, the arts, and such pleasures as gameplaying, dancing, and sex. Both names include the Aztec word for \"flower,\" and in one hand the figure holds a cone of flowers, perhaps the blossoming crown of a cactus. For the Aztecs, flowers signified beauty, refinement, and fertility in general and sexuality in particular. The burden of maize cobs on his back also may allude to his creative energies.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760114"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.555-seated-male-carrying"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 361", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n69"}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. <em>The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World.</em> Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "cat. no. 247, p. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 292", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n316"}, {"citation": "National Gallery of Canada, and Expo (International Exhibitions Bureau). <em>Terre Des Hommes</em>: Exposition Internationale Des Beaux-Arts, 28 Avril-27 Octobre 1967 = Man and His World, International Fine Arts Exhibition, Expo 67, Montreal, Canada, 28 April-27 October 1967. [Montre\u0301al]: [Expo 67], 1967.", "page_number": "cat. no. 77, pp. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grieder, Terence. Austin: University of Texas, vol. 67 (Fall 1968).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 292", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n316"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 395", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n415"}, {"citation": "Pasztory, Esther. <em>Aztec Art. </em>New York: H.N. Abrams, 1983.", "page_number": "pl. 204, p. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alcina Franch, Jose\u0301, Miguel Leo\u0301n Portilla, and Eduardo Matos Moctezuma. <em>Azteca Mexica</em>. Barcelona: Lunwerg Editores, 1992.", "page_number": "color plate 32, p. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sabau Garci\u0301a, Mari\u0301a Luisa. <em>Me\u0301xico en el mundo de las colecciones de arte. </em>Me\u0301xico: D.R. Primera, 1994.", "page_number": "Vol 1: pt. 2., pp. 179-243", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fields, Virginia M., and Victor Zamudio-Taylor. <em>The Road to Aztlan: Art from a Mythic Homeland.</em> Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "cat. no. 161, fig. 71, p. 103; p. 413", "url": null}, {"citation": "Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo, and Felipe R. Soli\u0301s Olgui\u0301n. <em>Aztecs</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2002.", "page_number": "cat.no. 107, p.185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Avehanosa, Teresa, <em>Arqueologi\u0301a mexicana</em>. (March 2003).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Soli\u0301s Olgui\u0301n, Felipe R. <em>The Aztec Empire</em>. New York, N.Y.: Guggenheim Museum Publications, 2004.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 254, p. 255", "url": null}, {"citation": "Katzew, Ilona, William B. Taylor, and Luisa Elena Alcala\u0301. <em>Contested Visions in the Spanish Colonial World</em>. 2011.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.555", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_web.jpg", "width": "915", "height": "893", "filesize": "456314", "filename": "1949.555_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3319", "filesize": "7431375", "filename": "1949.555_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_full.tif", "width": "4864", "height": "4749", "filesize": "69324896", "filename": "1949.555_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "983", "height": "893", "filesize": "504307"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3090", "filesize": "7119864"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5345", "height": "4859", "filesize": "77941208"}, "date_created": "2010-07-23T12:35:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "916", "height": "893", "filesize": "489647"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3313", "filesize": "8233498"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5012", "height": "4885", "filesize": "73478728"}, "date_created": "2010-07-23T12:58:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "829", "height": "893", "filesize": "432695"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3157", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6800228"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4219", "height": "4543", "filesize": "57528648"}, "date_created": "2010-07-23T13:21:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1162", "height": "893", "filesize": "628726"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2614", "filesize": "5828468"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5178", "height": "3981", "filesize": "61868228"}, "date_created": "2010-07-23T13:31:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "651275"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "6995481"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.555/1949.555_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4513", "height": "3611", "filesize": "48916568"}, "date_created": "2010-07-23T13:42:06", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127239, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-12-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1325, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1325\u20131521", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Xochipilli. God of Flowers, Dances and Games"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:59:19.566000"}, {"id": 149388, "accession_number": "1978.45", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Still Life with Biscuits, 1924. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil, sand, other materials on canvas; framed: 119.4 x 138.8 x 10.2 cm (47 x 54 5/8 x 4 in.); unframed: 80.8 x 100.4 cm (31 13/16 x 39 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1978.45. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Still Life with Biscuits", "creation_date": "1924", "creation_date_earliest": 1924, "creation_date_latest": 1924, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "oil, sand, other materials on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 119.4 x 138.8 x 10.2 cm (47 x 54 5/8 x 4 in.); Unframed: 80.8 x 100.4 cm (31 13/16 x 39 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.194, "height_inch": 47, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.388, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.102, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.808, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.004, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"Picasso / 24 [probably added later]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1978</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Paul Rosenberg [1881-1959], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(E. V. Thaw, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1978", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Picasso created a wide variety of textures and patterns in this still life. The off-white paint used to represent the biscuits was applied like cake frosting in smooth, thick strokes, probably with a palette knife.", "description": "The white geometric shape in the center of this painting represents a compote (a bowl with a base and stem) upon which three green fruits are arranged. To the right is a plate of long, wafer-thin biscuits that could be <em>langues-de-chat </em>(French for \u201ccats\u2019 tongues\u201d), named for their shape. This painting is among the last of the artist\u2019s forays into the style of Synthetic Cubism in which lively colors and large, geometric shapes were used to depict recognizable objects.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473489"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Acquires 1924 Picasso Still Life,\u201d October 2, 1978, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2589"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201348.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26; Mentioned: p. 46, no. 126", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cTwo New Cubist Paintings by Juan Gris and Pablo Picasso.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 2 (February 1981): 39\u201350.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 46-47, fig. 15, Back Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159711"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 117, no. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Brigitte Le\u0301al, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. <em>Picasso and Things: The Still Lifes of Picasso. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 210-211, no. 82", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.45", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 149388, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-08-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1924, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1924", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-02 11:23:17.721000"}, {"id": 146148, "accession_number": "1971.47", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Basket of Plums, 1769. Anne Vallayer-Coster (French, 1744\u20131818). Oil on canvas; unframed: 38 x 46.2 cm (14 15/16 x 18 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1971.47", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Basket of Plums", "creation_date": "1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1769, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 38 x 46.2 cm (14 15/16 x 18 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.38, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.462, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"M.elle Vallayer / 1769\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1971</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304393, "title": "Chardin and the Still Life Tradition in France", "description": "<i>Chardin and the Still Life Tradition in France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 6-August 12, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "<i>Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213405, "title": "Anne Vallayer-Coster: Still-Life Painting in the Age of Marie Antoinette", "description": "<i>Anne Vallayer-Coster: Still-Life Painting in the Age of Marie Antoinette</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (June 30-September 22, 2002); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (October 13, 2002-January 5, 2003); Frick Collection, New York, NY (January 21-March 23, 2003); Centre de la Vieille Charit\u00e9, Marseille, France (April 9-June 23, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-06-30T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Salon, </em>Paris, France (1771).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>English, French, Italian, Netherlandish, Spanish, and German Art</em>, National museum, Stockholm, Sweden (1918).", "opening_date": "1918-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Three Centuries of Still Life</em>, G\u00f6teborg Art Museum, Sweden, (April 28-May 17, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-04-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Five Centuries of French Art</em>, National Museum, Stockholm, Sweden (15 August-9 November).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Luis Melendez: Bodegones</em>, Museo Nacional del Prado. Madrid, Spain (Feb. 17 - May 16, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron Herzog, Budapest, Hungary", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Axel Ryden, Stockholm, Sweden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Osborn Kling, Stockholm, Sweden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sale: H. Bukowski, Stockholm, Sweden, September 25-26, 1934, no. 323)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "September 25-26, 1934", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Thorsten Laurin, Stockholm, Sweden, and his daughter Mrs. B. Stjernsward, Sakanor, Sweden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1938", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Sale: Sotheby's, London, June 24, 1970, no. 4)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 24, 1970", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "[Old Masters Gallery, London, England]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "[H. Shickman Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1971", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist painted a companion to this work\u2014a plate of peaches and branch of cherries.", "description": "During the later part of the 1700s, fruit still lifes were extremely popular, and a basket of plums was a common motif. In Vallayer's painting the details, especially the plums and the basket, emerge from deep shadows. The colors are vivid reds and violets and a sense of immediacy is invoked by the growing moss, the cakes in their crisp papers, and the glass of water with its sparkling highlights and reflections.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471904"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.47-basket-of-plums"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Paris, Salon, 1771.", "page_number": "cat. no. 147", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Collection des livrets des anciennes expositions depuis 1673 jusqu'en 1800.</em> Paris: Liepmannssohn et Dufour, 1869. .", "page_number": "p. 29, no. 147;", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Engelska, franska, italienska, nederla\u0308ndska, spanka och tyska konstverk: Utst. Nationalmuseum 1918.</em> 1918.", "page_number": "cat. no. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bukowskis (Firm). <em>Mo\u0308bler, bronser, skulptur. mattor ... silver, keramik, oljema\u030alningar. </em>1934.", "page_number": "no. 323, illus. pl. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Laurin, Thorsten, and Ragnar Hoppe. <em>Katalog o\u0308ver Thorsten Laurins samling av ma\u0308leri och skulptur.</em> Stockholm: [P.A. Norstedt], 1936.", "page_number": "no. 399, pl. 218", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Matthiesen konsthandel A.-B. <em>Stilleben fran tre a\u030arhundraden</em>. [Go\u0308teborg]: [Isacsons], 1938.", "page_number": "cat. no. 52.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nationalmuseum (Stockholm). <em>Fem sekler Fransk konst: bilder fra\u030an utsta\u0308llningen i Nationalmuseum</em> [Stockholm. 15 augusti-9 november 1958]. Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, 1958.", "page_number": "cat. no. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Important Old Master Paintings</em>. 1970.", "page_number": "no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roland Michel, Marianne. <em>Anne Vallayer-Coster, 1744-1818</em>. Paris (5e): C.I.L. [Comptoir international du livre, 24, rue des Carmes], 1970.", "page_number": "no. 183, p. 155", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152; Mentioned: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1971.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 1 (1972).", "page_number": "cat. no. 56", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Michel, Marianne Roland, and Ursula Korneitchouk. \u201cA Basket of Plums.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 2 (1973).", "page_number": "pp. 52-59, figs. 4, 5, 6, 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152471"}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol C. \u201cJean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin: Still Life with Herring.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 9 (1974).", "page_number": "309, 314, n. 2, fig. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152549"}, {"citation": "Fare\u0301, Michel, and Fabrice Fare\u0301. <em>La vie silencieuse en France: la nature morte au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle.</em> Fribourg: Office du Livre, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 217, fig. 332", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P., and William S. Talbot. <em>Chardin and the Still-Life Tradition in France</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "cat. no. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kahng, Eik, Anne Vallayer-Coster, Marianne Roland Michel, and Colin B. Bailey. <em>Anne Vallayer-Coster, Painter to the Court of Marie-Antoinette</em>. [Dallas, TX]: Dallas Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "cat. 2, fig. 7, p. 197;", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cherry, Peter, Juan J. Luna, Natacha Sesen\u0303a, and Luis Mele\u0301ndez. <em>Luis Mele\u0301ndez: bodegones.</em> [Madrid]: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2004.", "page_number": "cat., fig. 42, p. 95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Luna, Juan J. \"Mele\u0301ndez and the Development of Spanish and European Still Life Painting in the Eighteenth Century.\" In <em>Mele\u0301ndez: Still Lifes. </em>Peter Cherry, and Juan J. Luna, 44-79. [Dublin]: National Gallery of Ireland, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduction: P. 65-66, fig. 46", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.47", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.47/1971.47_web.jpg", "width": "1076", "height": "893", "filesize": "613361", "filename": "1971.47_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.47/1971.47_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2823", "filesize": "6026441", "filename": "1971.47_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.47/1971.47_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4566", "filesize": "75369940", "filename": "1971.47_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146148, "creators": [{"id": 1978, "description": "Anne Vallayer-Coster (French, 1744\u20131818)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1744", "death_year": "1818", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1769, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:29:50.090000"}, {"id": 113202, "accession_number": "1932.227", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Holy Family with Saint John the Baptist and Saint Margaret, c. 1488\u201393. Filippino Lippi (Italian, c. 1457\u20131504). Tempera and oil on wood; framed: 184 x 186 x 9.5 cm (72 7/16 x 73 1/4 x 3 3/4 in.); diameter: 153 cm (60 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Delia E. Holden Fund and a fund donated as a memorial to Mrs. Holden by her children: Guerdon S. Holden, Delia Holden White, Roberta Holden Bole, Emery Holden Greenough, Gertrude Holden McGinley, 1932.227", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "The Holy Family with Saint John the Baptist and Saint Margaret", "creation_date": "c. 1488\u201393", "creation_date_earliest": 1488, "creation_date_latest": 1493, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "tempera and oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Renaissance", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 184 x 186 x 9.5 cm (72 7/16 x 73 1/4 x 3 3/4 in.); Diameter: 153 cm (60 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.84, "height_inch": 72, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.86, "width_inch": 73, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "diameter": {"width": 1.53, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311953, "title": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts", "description": "<i>Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30-November 13, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 675363, "title": "Filippino Lippi and Rome", "description": "<i>Filippino Lippi and Rome</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 26, 2025-February 22, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-11-26T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Special Exhibition of Paintings from the Collection of the Late Mrs. S.D. Warren</em>, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (April 1902).", "opening_date": "1902-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Old Masters,</em> Royal Academy, Burlington House, London (January 4\u2013March 12, 1904).", "opening_date": "1904-01-04T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Presumably commissioned by Cardinal Oliviero Carafa(1430\u20131511), Rome", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1488-93\u20131511", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Presumably in Carafa collections by descent, Rome and Naples", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1511\u2013", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Palazzo Santangelo (formerly Palazzo Diomede Carafa until 1814), Naples", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1815", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Acquired at Palazzo Diomded Carafa or at Villa Santangelo, Pollena, from the Santangelo family and Ignazio Virz\u00ec by Bernardo Berenson and Edward Perry Warren for Susan Cornelia Clarke (Mrs. Samuel Dennis Warren Sr.) (1825\u20131901), Boston", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1898\u20131901", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "By descent to Cornelia, Edward, Fiske, and Samuel Warren in Boston and Lewes House, East Sussex, United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1901\u20131928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Bequeathed to H. Asa Thomas by Edward Warren (1860\u20131928)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928\u20131929", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sold by H. Asa Thomas through Harold Woodbury Parsons to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ultramarine, the blue pigment used lavishly across this tondo (circular painting), was many times more expensive than gold in the Renaissance.", "description": "This monumental tondo, among Filippino\u2019s most significant works, was commissioned by Neapolitan cardinal Oliviero Carafa, a leading political and ecclesiastical figure. The painter\u2019s ingenious composition harmoniously overlaps five brilliantly colored divine figures within the challenging circular format. Behind a low wall adorned with sacred and domestic objects, Joseph observes the intertwined group of Mary holding Christ, who embraces his cousin John the Baptist, supported by Saint Margaret. Created during Filippino\u2019s Roman years (1488\u201393), the painting reflects the inspiration he drew from ancient art. The preparatory drawing reveals how he reimagined Greco-Roman figures\u2014his sketch of an antique Venus statue was refashioned into Saint Margaret\u2014while the weathered pier references remnants of ancient architectural and decorative motifs, illustrating Filippino\u2019s deep engagement with the fragments of antique murals, sculpture, and architecture throughout the city.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513856"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1932.227-the-holy-family-with"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Celano, Carlo. <em>Notizie del bello dell'antico e del curioso della citta\u0300 di Napoli: divise dall'autore in 10 giornate per guida e comodo de'viaggiatori ; con aggiunzioni de'piu' notabili miglioramenti posteriori fino al presente estratti dalla storia de' monumenti e dalle memorie di eruditi scrittori Napolitani.</em> 3 3. Napoli: Chiurazzi, 1858.", "page_number": "p. 691", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crowe, J. A., and G. B. Cavalcaselle<em>. A New History of Painting in Italy, From the Second to the Sixteenth Century. </em>London: J. Murray, 1864.", "page_number": "p. 450", "url": null}, {"citation": "John Murray (Firm). <em>A Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the Provinces Formerly Constituting the Continental Portion of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</em>. London: J. Murray, 1868.", "page_number": "p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard \"U chef-d'oeuvre In\u00e9dit de Filippino Lippi,\" Revue Arch\u00e9ologique, vol. XXXVII (1900).", "page_number": "pp. 238-243, pl. XI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston<em>. Special Exhibition of Paintings from the Collection of the Late Mrs. S.D. Warren. </em>Boston: Mudge, 1902.", "page_number": "cat. no. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>The Study and Criticism of Italian Art. </em>Second Series. London: Bell, 1910.", "page_number": "pp. 92-96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Colasanti, Arduino \"Miscellanea: Nuovi Dipinti di Filippo e di Filippino Lippi,\" <em>l'Arte</em>, vol 9 (1903)", "page_number": "pp. 299-304", "url": null}, {"citation": "Colasanti, Arduino \"Two Unpublished Pictures by Fra Filippo and filippino Lippi,\" <em>The Connoisseur</em>, vol. VII (1903)", "page_number": "p. 233, p. 304", "url": null}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (London). <em>Exhibition of Works by the Old Masters and by Deceased Masters of the British School, Including a Special Selection of Works by Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A. and Also a Collection of Sculpture and Bronzes.</em> London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1904.", "page_number": "cat. no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frizoni, Gustavo \"La pinacoteca Strossmayer nel'Accademia di Scienze ed Arti in Agram.\" <em>L'Arte</em> vol. VII (1904).", "page_number": "pp. 427-429, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richter, Louise M. \"Correspondence d'Anglaterre: Les Maitres Anciens \u00e0 Burlington House,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em>, vol. XXXI (1904).", "page_number": "pp. 424, 426", "url": null}, {"citation": "Konody, Paul G. <em>Filippino Lippi</em>. London: G. Newnes, limited, 1905.", "page_number": "pp. xii, xv-xvi, xxiii", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard.<em> The Florentine Painters of the Renaissance. </em>New York: Putnam's Sons, 1909.", "page_number": "pp. 121, 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, A. <em>Storia dell'Arte italiana. La pittura del Quattrocento</em> 7, 1-4 7, 1-4. 1911.", "page_number": "p. 658", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crowe, J. A., G. B. Cavalcaselle, Langton Douglas, and G. De Nicola. <em>A History of Painting in Italy: Umbria, Florence and Siena from the Second to the Sixteenth Century</em> : in Six Volumes Illustrated. Vol. 4, Vol. 4. London: J. Murray, 1911.", "page_number": "pp. 290-91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813-1912. </em>London: Graves, 1913.", "page_number": "p. 709", "url": null}, {"citation": "H. S. F. \"A Tondo by Filippino Lippi.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 19, no. 9 (1932).", "page_number": "pp. 146-159", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137502"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [</em>Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced, preface; Cat. no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hauptmann, Moritz. Der Tondo; <em>Ursprung, Bedeutung und Geschichte des italienischen Rundbildes in Relief und Malerei.</em> Frankfurt am Main: V. Klostermann, 1936.", "page_number": "pp. 222-23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neilson, Katharine B., and Filippino Lippi. <em>Filippino Lippi, a Critical Study</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1938.", "page_number": "pp. 116, 121-125, 133- 134, 195, fig. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Drawings of the Florentine Painters</em> 1, 1. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr, 1938.", "page_number": "p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti.<em> Katalog Strossmayerove galerije</em>. Zagreb: Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Umjetnosti, 1939.", "page_number": "no. 24, p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans.<em> Masterpieces of European Painting in America. </em>New York: Oxford University Press, 1939.", "page_number": "p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burdett, Osbert, and E. H. Goddard. Edward Perry Warren; <em>The Biography of a Connoisseur.</em> London: Christophers, 1941.", "page_number": "pp. 72, 80, 130, 209, 228, 411", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Offers the Evidence for the First 25 Years,\" <em>Art News</em>, (September, 1941).", "page_number": "p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 92; Reproduced: p. 93", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n58"}, {"citation": "Scharf, Alfred.<em> Filippino Lippi</em>. Wien: Schroll, 1950.", "page_number": "pp. 34, 55, pls. 81-85", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Art News</em> (February, 1951).", "page_number": "p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Republic Reports</em> (Republic Steel Corp publication) (December 1953).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 401", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n74"}, {"citation": "Gamba, Fiammetta, and Filippino Lippi.<em> Filippino Lippi nella storia della critica</em>. Firenze: Edizioni Arnaud, 1958.", "page_number": "pp. 55, 103, n. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davis, Douglas \" Between Two Worlds,\" <em>Newsweek</em> vol. LXXVII (August 2, 1971).", "page_number": "p. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Canaday, John.<em> Metropolitan Seminars in Art. </em>[New York]: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": "p. 7, pl. E2", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/160572"}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard.<em> I disegni dei pittori fiorentini. </em>Milano: Electa editrice, 1961.", "page_number": "pp. 252-268", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pontificia Universita\u0300 lateranense. <em>Bibliotheca sanctorum</em>. Roma: Istituto Giovanni XXIII nella Pontificia Universita\u0300 lateranense, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 1090", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moskowitz, Ira, and Victoria Thorson. <em>Great Drawings of All Time. </em>New York: Shorewood Publishers, 1962.", "page_number": "no. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard.<em> Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works, with an Index of Places : Florentine School.</em> London: Phaidon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 108, vol. II, pl. 1150", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n115"}, {"citation": "Joseph Alsop, \"Treasures of the Clevleand Museum of Art,\" <em>Art in America </em>(May-June 1966).", "page_number": "p. 23 & 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 1967.", "page_number": "p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Motor </em>(December, 1968).", "page_number": "p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n115"}, {"citation": "Schug, Albert \"Zur Ikonographie von Leonardos Londoner Karton, II. Teil,\" <em>Pantheon</em> XXVII (1969).", "page_number": "p. 31, no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P. Florence and the Arts; <em>Five Centuries of Patronage.</em> 1971.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sherrill, Sarah B. \"Current and Coming,\"<em> The Magazine Antiques</em> vol. 100 (July 1971).", "page_number": "p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wasserman, Jack. \"The Dating and Patronage of Leonardo's Burlington House Cartoon.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 53, no. 3 (1971),", "page_number": "p. 314, fig. 3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3048867"}, {"citation": "Cooper, Barbara, and Maureen Matheson. <em>The World Museums Guide</em>, Edited by Barbara Cooper &amp; Maureen Matheson. London: Threshold Books Ltd, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard, and Hanna Kiel.<em> Looking at Pictures with Bernard Berenson. </em>New York: Abrams, 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 198-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 29, p. 76 - 79, colorplate XV", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n113"}, {"citation": "Hodder, Michael J., and Q. David Bowers. <em>The Norweb Collection: An American Legacy.</em> Wolfeboro, N.H.: Bowers and Merena Galleries, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berti, Luciano, <em>Filippino Lippi, and Umberto Baldini</em>. Filippino Lippi. Firenze: Edizioni d'arte Il Fiorino, 1991.", "page_number": "pp. 46, 88-89, 206, no. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 1991.", "page_number": "no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lippi, Filippino, George R. Goldner, Carmen Bambach, and Alessandro Cecchi. <em>The Drawings of Filippino Lippi and His Circle</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 77, pl 34, p. 12 & 264", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olson, Roberta J. M.<em> The Florentine Tondo</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "fig. 7.25", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lippi, Filippino, Perugino, Franca Falletti, and Jonathan Katz Nelson.<em> Filippino Lippi e Pietro Perugino: la Deposizione della Santissima Annunziata e il suo restauro.</em> Livorno: Sillabe, 2004.", "page_number": "fig. 4, p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Humfrey, Peter. <em>Glasgow Museums - the Italian Paintings. </em>London: Unicorn Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 51, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ainsworth, Maryan W. and Ana Sanchez-Lassa. \"La Sagrada Familia de Jan Gossart.\" <em>Buletina Boletin</em> 6. Bilbao: Bilbao Fine Arts Museum, (2012).", "page_number": "p. 78, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 173", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Sketchbook: Michelangelo: Mind of the Master.</em> Cleveland Museum of Art; Cleveland, Ohio, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eliot W Rowlands, \u2018An indefatigable intermediary\u2019: Harold Woodbury Parsons (1882\u20131967) and the formation of the European collections at the Cleveland Museum of Art: part 1, <em>Journal of the History of Collections.</em>", "page_number": "p. 5", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/jhc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jhc/fhz042/5802835"}, {"citation": "Derosa, Luisa, and Andrea Leonardi. Il museo che non c'e\u0300: arte, collezionismo, gusto antiquario nel Palazzo degli Studi di Bari : (1875-1928). Firenze: Edifir - Edizioni Firenze, 2020, 186.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 185-186, fig. 16.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rowlands, Eliot W. \"An indefatigable intermediary: Harold Woodbury Parsons (1882-1967) and the formation of the European collections at the Cleveland Museum of Art: part 2.\" <em>Journal of the History of Collections </em>33, no.1 (2021): 93-109.", "page_number": "Reproduced p.97; mentioned p. 96-103", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Noelle, Alexander J., and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Filippino Lippi and Rome</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 110-111, no. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nelson, Jonathan K. \u201cSearching for Hybridity: Filippino Lippi\u2019s \u201cDistant Views and Other Fantasies.\u201d\u201d In <em>Filippino Lippi and Rome, </em>Alexander J. Noelle, 14-23. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 14-15, fig.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Noelle, Alexander J. \u201cFilippino Lippi, Cardinal Carafa, and the Cleveland <em>Holy Family</em> Tondo.\u201d In <em>Filippino Lippi and Rome, </em>Alexander J. Noelle, 27-49. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 36-49, fig. 28, no. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ly, Juliana, Kathryn Dooley, John Delaney, and Dean Yoder. \u201cIteration and Execution: Visualizing Filippino Lippi\u2019s Technique.\u201d In <em>Filippino Lippi and Rome, </em>Alexander J. Noelle, 76-87. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: Throughout, figs. 54-70, no. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Supporter Story: Henry Ott-Hansen.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>65, no. 1 (2025): 28-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2025-01"}, {"citation": "Noelle, Alexander J. \"Filippino Lippi and Rome: A Renaissance Painter Reimagines Antiquity.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>65, no. 3 (2025): 8-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8; Mentioned: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2025-03"}, {"citation": "La Malfa, Claudia. \u201cFilippino Lippi and Rome.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 168, n. 1475 (February 2026): 156-158.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 156-158; Reproduced: p. 157", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1932.227", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "355762", "filename": "1932.227_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3920474", "filename": "1932.227_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_full.tif", "width": "10346", "height": "10347", "filesize": "321183364", "filename": "1932.227_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "897", "filesize": "379507"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3388", "filesize": "3951608"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10917", "height": "10879", "filesize": "356348796"}, "date_created": "2025-10-15T10:42:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "294903"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3193657"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7853", "height": "7852", "filesize": "185029944"}, "date_created": "2025-10-15T11:40:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "860", "height": "900", "filesize": "323097"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3248", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2649271"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.227/1932.227_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3515", "height": "3680", "filesize": "38852564"}, "date_created": "2013-10-21T15:43:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Delia E. Holden Fund and a fund donated as a memorial to Mrs. Holden by her children: Guerdon S. Holden, Delia Holden White, Roberta Holden Bole, Emery Holden Greenough, Gertrude Holden McGinley", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 113202, "creators": [{"id": 2200, "description": "Filippino Lippi (Italian, c. 1457\u20131504)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1457", "death_year": "1504", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1488, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1488\u201393", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The painting is in remarkable condition for its age. A comprehensive conservation treatment was completed in October of 2025 to address discolored varnish residues and disfiguring remnants of prior overpainting in the sky. X-radiography revealed that the panel is comprised of four large, vertically flat-sawn boards which are joined and reinforced with two original horizontal battens that fit within a mortise and tenon joint. The X-ray also revealed an inlay design with a repeating pattern of alternating diamonds and elongated lozenges within the battens. An in-depth technical imaging study of the painting was conducted in collaboration with the National Gallery of Art. This study is published in the exhibition catalogue for <em>Filippino Lippi and Rome</em>. An elaborate underdrawing visible with infrared reflectography (IRR) reveals Lippi\u2019s use of a variety of materials to freely draft, refine, and revise elements within the underdrawing and underpainting stages. Notable changes visible within the IRR include his exploration of additional composition options including placing a bundle of drapery where Joseph now appears, as well as his use of a rough grid possibly used to plan the composition. Fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), cross-section samples, and scanning electron microscopy\u2014energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)\u2014confirmed Lippi\u2019s use of the following pigments: ultramarine, copper-based greens, lead-tin yellow, vermilion, insect-based red-lakes (kermes or lac source), lead white, earth pigments, and gilding. Ultramarine, the most expensive pigment at the time, is liberally used throughout the painting, even for the small rooftops lining the horizon.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Holy Family with the Infant St. John and St. Margaret"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:57:43.467000"}, {"id": 143165, "accession_number": "1967.144", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Icon of the Virgin and Child, 500s CE. Egypt, Byzantine period. Wool and dye; overall: 178.7 x 110.5 cm (70 3/8 x 43 1/2 in.); mounted: 197.4 x 128.2 x 6.4 cm (77 11/16 x 50 1/2 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1967.144", "current_location": "106A Migration Period & Coptic", "title": "Icon of the Virgin and Child", "creation_date": "500s CE", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 599, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Byzantine period"], "technique": "wool and dye", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Coptic", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 178.7 x 110.5 cm (70 3/8 x 43 1/2 in.); Mounted: 197.4 x 128.2 x 6.4 cm (77 11/16 x 50 1/2 x 2 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.787, "height_inch": 70, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.105, "width_inch": 43, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "mounted": {"height": 1.974, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 1.282, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on the lintel of the architectural setting, the Greek inscription translates as: The Holy Michael, The Holy Mary, The Holy Gabriel.  The wide foliate border is decorated with fruits and flowers and, in the lower part, with medallions containing the busts of apostles whose names are inscribed nearby in Greek and are translated as: Andrew, Matthew, Paul the Apostle, Luke, James, Phillip, Mark, Thomas, John, Matthias, Peter, and Bartholomew.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297011, "title": "Woven Interiors: Early Medieval Textiles of the Eastern Mediterranean", "description": "<i>Woven Interiors: Early Medieval Textiles of the Eastern Mediterranean</i>. The George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum, Washington, DC (organizer) (August 31, 2019-January 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-08-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 521317, "title": "Africa & Byzantium", "description": "<i>Africa & Byzantium</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (November 14, 2023-March 3, 2024); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (April 14-July 21, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-11-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Age of Spirituality</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (November 19, 1977- February, 12, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-11-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gallery 210 textile rotation</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6, 2000-July 12, 2000); (September 5, 2000-February 12, 2001); (August 8, 2001-February 4, 2002); (August 5, 2002-February 3, 2003); (August 4, 2003-February 3, 2004); (August 5, 2004-July 18, 2005).", "opening_date": "2000-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gallery 106 textile rotation</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 31-September 13, 2010); (April 1-September 14, 2011); (March 26, 2012-March 18, 2013); (September 23, 2013-March 17, 2014); (September 22, 2014-March 2, 2015); (September 8, 2015-May 1, 2016); (October 30, 2017-April 30, 2018); (October 29, 2018-April 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2010-03-31T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mrs. Paul Mallon, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131967", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1967\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Created in Egypt's hot and dry desert climate, this tapestry features a border of lush greenery and fruits, while flowers peek out from around the throne of the Virgin. Imagine encountering this artistic oasis in a Coptic church during the dry heat of the day.", "description": "Woven from more than 20 colors of woolen thread, this rare tapestry was more expensive than a painting when it was made. The historical price reflected contemporary viewers\u2019 appreciation for the skilled color blending by the weavers. Hung on a wall, this tapestry allowed viewers to venerate (honor) the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child in the Christian Orthodox church. Angels and apostles surround them, their names written in Greek. To be spiritually effective, an icon (devotional image) should follow its subject\u2019s established visual tradition as closely as possible.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745622"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.144-icon-of-the-virgin-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Schiller, Gertrud.<em> Ikonographie der Christlichen Kunst.</em> [Gu\u0308tersloh]: Gu\u0308tersloher Verlagshaus G. Mohn, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. 4, Pt. 2, P. 21, abb. 413: Reproduced: Vol. 4, Pt. 2, P. 267, abb. 413", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n59"}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \"An Icon of the Virgin.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 1 (1969)", "page_number": "p. 2, cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152249"}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \u201cAn Icon of the Virgin: A Sixth-Century Tapestry Panel from Egypt.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 3 (March 1969): 91\u2013120.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 90\u2013120; Reproduced: covers", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152263"}, {"citation": "Frazer, Margaret English. \"The Djumati Enamels: A Twelfth-Century Litany of Saints.\" <em>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</em> 28, no. 6 (1970).", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3258501"}, {"citation": "Rademacher, Franz. <em>Die Regina Angelorum in der Kunst des fru\u0308hen Mittelalters. </em>Du\u0308sseldorf: Schwann, 1972.", "page_number": "p. 29, nr. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, and Anna G. Bennett. <em>Acts of the Tapestry Symposium, November, 1976</em>. [San Francisco]: The Museums, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \u201cA Late Classical Tapestry.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 10 (December 1976): 307\u2013313.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 311, fig. 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152664"}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt, and Margaret English Frazer. <em>Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art Third to Seventh Century</em> ; Based on the Catalogue to the Exhibition \"Age of Spirituality\", Metropolitan Museum New York, 1977. [New York, NY]: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1977.", "page_number": "p. 532-33, no. 477", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=efLuB7QPDm8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false"}, {"citation": "Sampaolesi, Piero, \"Zibaldone delle Arti, Mostri: 'Age of Spirituality,' New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, Antichita Viva, XVI, 5 (1977).", "page_number": "p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt. \"Late Antique and Early Christian Art.\" <em>Archaeology</em> 30, no. 6 (1977)", "page_number": "p. 417", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41726769"}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt. \"The Late Roman World.\" <em>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</em> 35, no. 2 (1977) pp. 2\u201396.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no, 69, p. 81, Reproduced: p. 80", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3259887"}, {"citation": "Frazer, Margaret English and Kurt Weitzmann. <em>Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art Third to Seventh Century.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1977.", "page_number": "p. 80, no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n56"}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt. <em>The Icon: Holy Images--Sixth to Fourteenth Century</em>. New York: G. Braziller, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ball, Victoria Kloss. <em>Architecture and Interior Design</em>. New York: Wiley, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schiller, Gertrud, and Rupert Schreiner.<em> Ikonographie der christlichen Kunst</em>. Gu\u0308tersloh: G. Mohn, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21, fig. 413", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kajitani, Nobuko, \"Koputo gire\" (English title: \"Coptic fabrics\"), <em>Semshoku</em> no bi, no. 13 (Kyoto, 1981).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34, pl. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galavaris, George. <em>The Icon in the Life of the Church: Doctrine, Liturgy, Devotion.</em> Leiden: Brill, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 13, 26; Reproduced: pl. VIIb", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McGinn, Bernard, John Meyendorff, and Jean Leclercq.<em> Christian Spirituality: Origins to the Twelfth Century</em>. New York: Crossroad, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 31, p. 437", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomas, Michel, Christine Mainguy, and Sophie Pommier. <em>Textile Art</em>. Geneva, Switzerland: Skira, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Friedman, Florence D. <em>Beyond the Pharaohs: Egypt and the Copts in the 2nd to 7th Centuries A.D</em>. Providence, R.I.: Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Woolley, Linda. \"Pagan Classical Christian: Egyptian Hangings of the 4th to 7th Centuries,\" <em>Hali</em>, No. 48 (Dec. 1989), pp. 27\u201337.", "page_number": "", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelikan, Jaroslav. <em>Imago Dei</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18, fig. 8, cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rutschowscaya, Marie-He\u0301le\u0300ne. <em>Coptic Fabrics</em>. Paris, France: Adam Biro, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reader's Digest, \"The Bible Through the Ages,\" <em>Reader's Digest </em>(Pleasantville, NY, 199?).", "page_number": "p. 237", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West. </em>New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and Adolph S. Cavallo. <em>Medieval Tapestries in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. </em>New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62, fig. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucidi, Maria Teresa. <em>La seta e la sua via</em>. Roma: Edizioni De Luca, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 125, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joubert, Fabienne, Amaury Lefe\u0301bure, and Pascal-Franc\u0327ois Bertrand. <em>Histoire de la tapisserie: en Europe, du Moyen Age a\u0300 nos jours. </em>Paris: Flammarion, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelikan, Jaroslav. <em>Mary Through the Centuries: Her Place in the History of Culture.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winner, Matthias, Victoria von Flemming, Sebastian Schu\u0308tze, and Hans Werner Henze. <em>Ars naturam adiuvans: Festschrift fu\u0308r Matthias Winner zum 11. Marz 1996. </em>Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 79\u201380, abb. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vasilake\u0304, Maria. <em>Mother of God: Representations of the Virgin in Byzantine Art</em>. Milano: Skira, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 224, fig. 170", "url": null}, {"citation": "Orsini, Jacqueline.<em> Mary: Images of the Holy Mother. </em>San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2000.", "page_number": "pp. 80\u201381, no. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, A. D.<em> Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity: A Sourcebook. </em>London: Routledge, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259, fig. 14.12.a", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenwein, Barbara H.<em> A Short History of the Middle Ages. </em>Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2002.", "page_number": "pp. 7, 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bolman, Elizabeth S., and Patrick Godeau. <em>Monastic Visions: Wall Paintings in the Monastery of St. Antony at the Red Sea.</em> New Haven, CT: American Research Center in Egypt/Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33, fig. 3.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenwein, Barbara H. <em>A Short History of the Middle Ages. </em>Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53, pl. 1.10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mathews, Thomas F. and Norman Muller. Isis and Mary in Early Icons.\" In <em>Images of the Mother of God: Perceptions of the Theotokos in Byzantium.</em> Maria Vasilake\u0304, 1-9. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005.", "page_number": "Mention: p. 8, note # 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jensen, Robin Margaret.<em> Face to Face: Portraits of the Divine in Early Christianity</em>. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195, fig. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Queen, Sally, and Vicki L. Berger.<em> Clothing and Textile Collections in the United States: A CSA Guide</em>. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 42\u201345, no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>30,000 Years of Art: The Story of Human Creativity Across Time and Space</em>. London: Phaidon, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 397", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klein, Holger A. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 70, cat. no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moor, A. de, and Ca\u0308cilia Fluck. <em>Clothing the House: Furnishing Textiles of the 1st Millennium AD from Egypt and Neighbouring Countries : Proceedings of the 5th Conference of the Research Group \"Textiles from the Nile Valley\" Antwerp, 6-7 October 2007.</em> Tielt, Belgium: Lannoo Publishers, 2009.", "page_number": "pp. 148\u2013149, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelikan, Jaroslav. <em>Imago Dei: The Byzantine Apologia for Icons</em>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. viii-ix, 4-5; Reproduced: Cover, verso title page", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Noll, Mark A. <em>Turning Points: Decisive Moments in the History of Christianity.</em> Grand Rapids: Baker Pub. Group, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 54\u201355", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elsner, Ja\u015b. \"Iconoclasm as Discourse: From Antiquity to Byzantium.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 94, no. 3 (September 2012), pp. 368-394.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 384, no. 20", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/23268277"}, {"citation": "<em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 362\u2013363", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Thomas, Thelma K. \"Material Meaning in Late Antiquity.\" In <em>Designing Identity: The Power of Textiles in Late Antiquity. </em>Thelma K. Thomas, ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, fig. 1-1.9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Asutay-Effenberger, Neslihan, and Arne Effenberger. <em>Byzanz: Weltreich der Kunst.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bergmeier, Armin F. <em>Visionserwartung: Visualisierung und Pra\u0308senzerfahrung des Go\u0308ttlichen in der Spa\u0308tantike.</em> Wiesbaden; Reichert Verlag 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 147, notr #658; Reproduced: Tafel 23: p. 147", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ramisch, Hans. <em>Altar-Bilder im ersten christlichen Jahrtausend: der christliche Altar und seine heilsgeschichtlichen Bildsysteme</em>. M\u00fcnchen: Scaneg, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144, 152; Reproduced: p. 151, abb. 51, cat. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ball, Jennifer. \"Textiles: The Emergence of a Christian Identity in Cloth.\" In I <em>The Routledge Handbook of Early Christian Art.</em>Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen and Mark D. Ellison, editors. Abingdon Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232, fig. 14.8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mazzei, Barbara. \"Clipeus, clipei. Istanze simboliche e intenti decorativi nelle arti della Tarda Antichita e dell'Alto Medioevo.\" In <em>Arti Minori e Arti Maggiori: Relazioni e Iterazioni tra Tarda Antichita\u0300 e alto Medioevo</em>. Fabrizio Bisconti, Matteo Braconi, and Mariarita Sgarlata. Todi (PG): Tau editrice, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 213, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williams, Elizabeth Dospe\u030cl, Sumru Belger Krody, and Gudrun Bu\u0308hl. <em>Woven Interiors: Furnishing Early Medieval Egypt. </em>Washington: The George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 30, pp. 78\u201379", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dosp\u011bl, Elizabeth. 2019. \u201cColour, Texture, Pattern\u201d HALI; the international journal of Oriental carpets and textiles. [London]: [Oguz Press], Number:202.", "page_number": "pp. 56\u201365; Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "de Moor, A., Ca\u0308cilia Fluck, and Petra Linscheid, eds. <em>Egypt As a Textile Hub: Textile Interrelationships in the 1st Millennium AD : Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the Research Group 'Textiles from the Nile Valley'</em>. Tielt, Belgium: Lannoo, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: pp. 46\u201348, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "So\u0308rries, Reiner. <em>Der fru\u0308hchristliche Kirchenraum: Ikonographie - Ausstattung - Liturgie</em>. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 128; reproduced: Tafel 54, Abb. 80c", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jensen, Robin Margaret. F<em>rom Idols to Icons: The Rise of the Devotional Image in Early Christianity</em>. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover illustration", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Blessing, Patricia, Elizabeth Dospe\u030cl Williams, and Eiren L. Shea. <em>Medieval Textiles Across Eurasia, C. 300-1400.</em> Cambridge, United Kingdom; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64; Reproduced: p. 35, fig. 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Achi, Andrea Myers, et al. <em>Africa and Byzantium</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 44\u201345, no. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Balestrieri, James D. \"Ancient Splendor.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em> 47, no. 1 (January/February 2024): 52\u201357.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Teteriatnikov, Natalia. \"The Virgin's Bejeweled Throne: A Manifestation of Divine and Earthly Authority Between Late Antiquity and Early Byzantium.\" <em>Arte Medievale</em> 4, a. 14 (2024): 129-146.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 132, 135, 137; Reproduced: p. 135, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hanson, Robin and Holly Witchey. \"Dorothy Shepherd and the Cleveland Museum of Art's Ancient Near Eastern and Islamic Art Collection.\" <em>Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals</em> 20, n. 3 (September 2024): 461\u2013473.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 462, 467; Reproduced: p. 463, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dell'acqua, Francesca. \"The Virgin With the Book at Breedon on the Hill (Leicestershire).\" In <em>Early Medieval Sculpture in Stone</em>, Sarah Semple and Jane Hawkes, eds., 283-297. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 289, figs. 20.3-20.4", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.144", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.144/1967.144_web.jpg", "width": "573", "height": "900", "filesize": "413181", "filename": "1967.144_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.144/1967.144_print.jpg", "width": "2165", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4824601", "filename": "1967.144_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.144/1967.144_full.tif", "width": "8001", "height": "12563", "filesize": "301582236", "filename": "1967.144_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.144/1967.144_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "721", "height": "900", "filesize": "496860"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.144/1967.144_alt0_print.jpg", 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"61171428"}, "date_created": "2005-12-06T16:27:57", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143165, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500s CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Icon of the Virgin "], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:21:36.693000"}, {"id": 124739, "accession_number": "1946.226", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mantle, c. 300 BCE\u2013200 CE. Peru, South Coast, Paracas (Cavernas) style. Camelid fiber: plain weave with embroidery; overall: 154.9 x 292.1 cm (61 x 115 in.); mounted: 162.6 x 299.7 cm (64 x 118 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1946.226", "current_location": "232 Andean", "title": "Mantle", "creation_date": "c. 300 BCE\u2013200 CE", "creation_date_earliest": -300, "creation_date_latest": 200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Peru, South Coast, Paracas (Cavernas) style"], "technique": "camelid fiber: plain weave with embroidery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Pre-Columbian", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 154.9 x 292.1 cm (61 x 115 in.); Mounted: 162.6 x 299.7 cm (64 x 118 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.549, "height_inch": 61, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 2.921, "width_inch": 115, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "mounted": {"height": 1.626, "height_inch": 64, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 2.997, "width_inch": 118, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 348348, "title": "Gallery 232- Andean Textile Rotation", "description": "<i>Gallery 232- Andean Textile Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 20, 2013-August 25, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-03-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 343661, "title": "Gallery 232-Andean Textile Rotation", "description": "<i>Gallery 232-Andean Textile Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 28, 2019-November 9, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-08-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 694693, "title": "Ancient Andean Textiles", "description": "<i>Ancient Andean Textiles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 19, 2025-December 13, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The John Wise Collection of Ancient Peruvian Art</em>. The Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT (March 3, 1937-).", "opening_date": "1937-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Ancient Peruvian Textiles.</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 5, 1941-April 6, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Emery May Holden Norweb [1895-1984] and Raymond Henry Norweb [1894-1983], Cleveland OH, 1946, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1946", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1946", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The profusion and decoration of textiles in Paracas burials shows the value placed on cloth.", "description": "Buried in shaft-tombs, or rectangular sunken chambers, the Paracas dead were wrapped in layers of cloth and accompanied by pottery, food, and other offerings. The dry environment of the Paracas Peninsula helped preserve many of these textiles, including richly ornamented garments buried with important individuals. This mantle, probably worn like a cloak, relates closely to the tunic (CMA 1946.227) and long headband (CMA 1946.228) due to their shared imagery. Its double-headed bird motifs\u2014 embroidered in vivid red, blue, yellow, and green yarns\u2014likely had symbolic significance, although the specific meaning remains unknown.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79902745"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.226-mantle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wise, John, and Wendell Clark Bennett. Ancient Peruvian Art, Lent by John Wise, Esq., New York; an Exhibition of the Wadsworth Atheneum, Opening March 3, 1937, Hartford, Connecticut. 1937.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 127", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.226", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "682", "filesize": "824345", "filename": "1946.226_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1835", "filesize": "5939405", "filename": "1946.226_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "2698", "filesize": "40498692", "filename": "1946.226_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "803", "height": "893", "filesize": "703812"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3056", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9763154"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4013", "height": "4464", "filesize": "53777036"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "792", "height": "893", "filesize": "699436"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3014", "height": "3400", "filesize": "10105582"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4042", "height": "4560", "filesize": "55329928"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "760", "height": "893", "filesize": "677631"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2895", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9841255"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3965", "height": "4656", "filesize": "55418028"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "1035089"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "7849474"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3333", "filesize": "50025188"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "592", "filesize": "764556"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1594", "filesize": "5444103"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "2344", "filesize": "35187608"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "837", "filesize": "1089136"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2254", "filesize": "7937841"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.226/1946.226_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3314", "filesize": "49742084"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jon A. Lindseth and Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Galleries of the Ancient Americas", "athena_id": 124739, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-07-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 300 BCE\u2013200 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:26:09.889000"}, {"id": 131819, "accession_number": "1954.392", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Genoese Lady with Her Child, c. 1623\u201325. Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, 1599\u20131641). Oil on canvas; framed: 266.5 x 184 x 12 cm (104 15/16 x 72 7/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 217.8 x 146 cm (85 3/4 x 57 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1954.392", "current_location": null, "title": "A Genoese Lady with Her Child", "creation_date": "c. 1623\u201325", "creation_date_earliest": 1623, "creation_date_latest": 1625, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Flemish", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 266.5 x 184 x 12 cm (104 15/16 x 72 7/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 217.8 x 146 cm (85 3/4 x 57 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.665, "height_inch": 104, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.84, "width_inch": 72, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.12, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 2.178, "height_inch": 85, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.46, "width_inch": 57, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177899, "title": "Van Dyck.  Grande pittura e Collezionismo a Genova", "description": "<i>Van Dyck.  Grande pittura e Collezionismo a Genova</i>. Palazzo Ducale, Venice (March 22-July 13, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229735, "title": "Anton van Dyck, Riflessi italiani", "description": "<i>Anton van Dyck, Riflessi italiani</i>. Palazzo Reale, Milano, Italy (organizer) (February 19-July 4, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 675826, "title": "Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses", "description": "<i>Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 2025-February 1, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-11-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, British Institution, 1832, cat. no. 46.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "London, British Institution, 1854, cat. no. 62", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "London, Royal Academy of Arts, 1902: \"Exhibition of Works by the Old Masters,\" cat. no. 102.", "opening_date": "1902-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brussels, Nouveau Palais, 1910: \"Tresor de l'art belge au XVIIe siecle,\" no. LXIX, p. 154, plate 60 (catalogue published in 1912: see also literature)", "opening_date": "1910-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, NY, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1913: \"A Loan Exhibition of Mr. Morgan's Paintings,\" Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin VIII (January, 1913), p. 6, reproduced p. 4.", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., The National Gallery of Art, 1990: \"Anthony Van Dyck: Paintings in the Grand Manner,\" cat. no. 37, reproduced in color p. 179.", "opening_date": "1990-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Du Pre Alexander, Second Earl of Caledon, purchased through George Augustus Wallis in Florence, March 1829;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "J. Pierpont Morgan (1837-1913), London and New York, by 1902;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[M. Knoedler & Co., New York], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1954.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This portrait was a departure from the painting style popular at this time, focusing less on a demonstrative display of wealth and status and more on capturing the essence of the sitter. Although the clothing denotes affluence, this intimate interaction between mother and child transcends class boundaries.", "description": "Prior to the 1600s, large, full-length portraits of wealthy clients usually emphasized the trappings of status above any other qualities. The accuracy of the likeness and vivacity of the person remained subordinate to an easily readable sense of the sitter\u2019s power and position in society. Artists such as Van Dyck transformed this tradition, which sent shockwaves through Genoa, instantly changing the direction of elite portraiture in the city. While the elaborate garb of this unidentified sitter and the scale of the image certainly mark her status, the warmth Van Dyck imparted to her face, the drama of the background, and the touching detail of the child spontaneously reaching upward add life, energy, and theatricality to the work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516477"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.392-a-genoese-lady-with"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cA Genoese Portrait by Van Dyck.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 42, no. 6 (June 1955): 115\u2013117.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 115-117; Reproduced: p. 117", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142045"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Venetian Tradition: Catalogue of the Exhibition</em>. Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art: 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; Reproduced: pl. XVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 443", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. <em>Style, Truth, and the Portrait</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n144"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n144"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n174"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982 .", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11-13; Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sanguineti, Daniele. Giovanni Bernardo Carbone: 1616-1683. Genova : Sagep editori, 2020, 129.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129, fig. 150; Mentioned: p. 123.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Motherhood across Time</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lisby, Darnell-Jamal, William Griswold, Matteo Augello, Alessandra Arezzi Boza, Massimiliano Capella, Luke Meagher, Stefania Ricci, and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 8, fig. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eaker, Adam. \u201cVan the Man.\u201d <em>Apollo </em>203, n. 750 (March 2026): 130-137.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.392", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.392/1954.392_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "365511", "filename": "1954.392_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.392/1954.392_print.jpg", "width": "2265", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5477506", "filename": "1954.392_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.392/1954.392_full.tif", "width": "3787", "height": "5684", "filesize": "64614100", "filename": "1954.392_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.392/1954.392_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "580", "height": "893", "filesize": "380076"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.392/1954.392_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2208", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5240279"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.392/1954.392_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3299", "height": "5079", "filesize": "50306432"}, "date_created": "2008-06-11T16:10:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.392/1954.392_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "598", "height": "893", "filesize": "465963"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.392/1954.392_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2276", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7408963"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.392/1954.392_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3347", "height": "5000", "filesize": "50248388"}, "date_created": "2008-01-14T17:12:15", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131819, "creators": [{"id": 2443, "description": "Anthony van Dyck (Flemish, 1599\u20131641)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1599", "death_year": "1641", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1623, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1623\u201325", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:01.177000"}, {"id": 172815, "accession_number": "1922.684", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mount Starr King, Yosemite, 1866. Albert Bierstadt (American, born Prussia [now Germany], 1830\u20131902). Oil on canvas on panel-back stretcher; framed: 135.3 x 181 x 15.6 cm (53 1/4 x 71 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.); unframed: 97 x 142.3 cm (38 3/16 x 56 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1922.684", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "Mount Starr King, Yosemite", "creation_date": "1866", "creation_date_earliest": 1866, "creation_date_latest": 1866, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas on panel-back stretcher", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 135.3 x 181 x 15.6 cm (53 1/4 x 71 1/4 x 6 1/8 in.); Unframed: 97 x 142.3 cm (38 3/16 x 56 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.353, "height_inch": 53, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.81, "width_inch": 71, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.156, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.97, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.423, "width_inch": 56, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "former": {"height": 1.353, "height_inch": 53, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.803, "width_inch": 71, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.159, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  ABierstadt. / 66 [AB in monogram]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317359, "title": "The Artist in the American West, 1800-1900", "description": "<i>The Artist in the American West, 1800-1900</i>. Santa Fe Musuem of Art (co-organizer).", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 317349, "title": "The World of the Romantic Artist: A Survey of American Culture from 1800-1875", "description": "<i>The World of the Romantic Artist: A Survey of American Culture from 1800-1875</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (co-organizer) (December 28, 1944-January 28, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-12-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 316674, "title": "The Hudson River School and the Early American Landscape Tradition", "description": "<i>The Hudson River School and the Early American Landscape Tradition</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (co-organizer) (February 15-March 25, 1945); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (April 17-May 18, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-02-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 317355, "title": "American Artists Discover America", "description": "<i>American Artists Discover America</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (February 2-25, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 317789, "title": "A Retrospective Exhibition: Albert Bierstadt 1830-1902", "description": "<i>A Retrospective Exhibition: Albert Bierstadt 1830-1902</i>. Santa Barbara Museum of Art (organizer) (August 5-September 13, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-08-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 228270, "title": "The Mythology of the American West", "description": "<i>The Mythology of the American West</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rouen, Rouen, France (organizer) (September 28, 2007-January 7, 2008); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (February 18-May 18, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-09-28T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of The Inaugural Exhibition (6 June-20 September 1916), cat. no. 2 as Starr King Mountain, California.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts, The World of the Romantic Artist: A Survey of American Culture from 1800-1875 (28 December 1944-28 January 1945), cat. no. 45, p. 29 as Starr King Mountain, California.", "opening_date": "1944-12-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago, The Hudson River School and the Early American Landscape Tradition (15 February-25 March 1945); traveled to New York, Whitney Museum of American Art (17 April-18 May 1945); cat. no. 13 as Starr King Mountain, California, illus. p. 108.", "opening_date": "1945-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, Ohio, Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin College, American Artists Discover America (2-25 February 1946), cat. no. 4, illus. p. 12 as Starr King Mountain, California, catalogue appears in Bulletin of the Allen Memorial Art Museum (February 1946), vol. 3, no. 1.", "opening_date": "1946-02-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Santa Fe, Fine Arts Museum of New Mexico, The Artist in the American West, 1800-1900 cat. no. 2, illus. as Starr King Mountain, California.", "opening_date": "1900-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, A Retrospective Exhibition: Albert Bierstadt 1830-1902 (5 August-13 September 1964), cat. no. 27, illus. as Starr King Mountain, California.", "opening_date": "1964-08-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Rouen (9/.28/2007 - 1/7/2008) and Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Rennes (2/18/2008 - 5/18/2008): \"The Mythology of the American West\"", "opening_date": "2008-01-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Chester Guild Cutter (1852\u20131917), Nyack, NY, purchased from the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Frank E. Marshall (1857\u20131915), Philadelphia, PA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "[Vose Gallery, Boston, MA]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1922", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, purchased in 1922", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1922-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["50.1922", "916.16", "221.1922"], "did_you_know": "Highly successful, Bierstadt built a mansion and named it Malkasten, a German word meaning \u201cpaintbox.\u201d", "description": "During the summer of 1863, Bierstadt visited Yosemite Valley in California and made numerous sketches. Back in his New York studio, he used them to produce many majestic paintings, including this view of the distant granite peak Mount Starr King. Such scenes thrilled East Coast audiences and helped encourage early movements to safeguard natural wonders. In 1864, President Lincoln signed a bill preserving Yosemite as public property; it became a national park in 1890. <br><br>Bierstadt included two Native Americans with a packhorse in his composition, and their presence references the fact that Indigenous peoples had inhabited or seasonally visited the region for millennia. Over time, various government and military agencies dispossessed them of these ancestral lands. Although no longer residents in the national park, descendants of the seven Indigenous nations with ties to Yosemite persevered to live in neighboring areas.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230185", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20538814"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1922.684-mount-starr-king-yos"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Salome, Laurent, and Joan Carpenter Troccoli.<em> La Mythologie de l\u2019Ouest Dans L\u2019art Americain, 1830-1940.</em> Cinisello Balsamo, Milan: Silvana, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 138; reproduced, p. 137.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Richardson, Edgar P. <em>American Romantic Painting.</em> Edited by Robert Freund. New York: E. Weyhe, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25, cat. 203", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hendricks, Gordon. \"The First Three Western Journeys of Albert Bierstadt.\" <em>The Art Bulletin.</em> 46:3 (September, 1964). pp. 333-365.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 346; Reproduced: fig. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"American Visions of Wilderness.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 4 (1969): 151-66.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162, fig. 12; Mentioned: p. 163", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152270"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"American Visions of Wilderness.\" <em>The Living Wilderness</em>. 33:108 (Winter, 1969). pp. 14-25.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8; Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (1973): 21-35", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front cover (detail); Mentioned: p. 22, no. 16", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"American Landscape Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Antiques</em>. 104:5. pp. 906-917.", "page_number": "Reproduced:", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hendricks, Gordon. <em>Albert Bierstadt: Painter of the American West</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 111-175, 321-324, illus. CL-186", "url": null}, {"citation": "Startz, Jane. <em>American Adventures: A Filmstrip History of the United States</em>. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Scholastic Magazines, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"American Landscapes. . .Scenes as Divergent as the Land Itself.\" <em>Arts and Activities</em>. 82:4 (December, 1977). pp. 28-32.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William. \"Indian Summer by Jasper F. Cropsey.\" <em>Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts</em> 58, no. 3 (1980): 150-61.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 158; Reproduced: p. 159, fig. 11", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/41504663"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n147/"}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. \"Frederic A. Whiting: Founding the Museum with Art and Craft.\" In <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. Foreward to <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>, by Tom E. Hinson, (ix-xii). Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. xi", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coudert, Marie-Claude. <em>La Mythologie de l'Ouest Dans l'Art Ame\u0301ricain, 1830-1940</em>. Edited by Laurent Salome\u0301 and Joan Carpenter Troccoli. Cinisello Balsamo, Milan: Silvana Editoriale, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137, fig. 24.; Mentioned: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76 - 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Picture Perfect\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 48 no. 8, October 2008", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced (detail), p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-08/page/8/"}, {"citation": "Green, Tyler. <em>Emerson's Nature and the Artists: Idea As Landscape, Landscape As Idea</em>. Munich: Prestel, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 23, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Buehrens, John A. \"Thomas Starr King: the Brief Life and Broad Legacy of a Civilian Hero of the Civil War.\" <em>The Argonaut : Journal of the San Francisco Historical Society </em>36, n.1 (Summer 2025): 52-75.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Imhof, Michael. <em>Die Malerei der Romantik: von Friedrich bis Turner.</em> Petersberg, Deutschland: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 824-825", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1922.684", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "855", "filesize": "719317", "filename": "1922.684_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2303", "filesize": "5333432", "filename": "1922.684_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "4064", "filesize": "73183636", "filename": "1922.684_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1200", "height": "893", "filesize": "858689"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2530", "filesize": "6385897"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4295", "height": "3196", "filesize": "41223096"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T17:59:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1224", "height": "893", "filesize": "776871"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3296", "height": "2405", "filesize": "5111099"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3296", "height": "2405", "filesize": "23822972"}, "date_created": "2007-02-16T00:00:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "859", "filesize": "706917"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2313", "filesize": "4498124"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3816", "height": "2596", "filesize": "29755672"}, "date_created": "2007-02-16T00:00:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "874", "filesize": "549601"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2354", "filesize": "3493244"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.684/1922.684_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3834", "height": "2654", "filesize": "30563568"}, "date_created": "2007-02-16T00:00:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 172815, "creators": [{"id": 3011, "description": "Albert Bierstadt (American, born Prussia [now Germany], 1830\u20131902)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1830", "death_year": "1902", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1922-01-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1866, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1866", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Half Dome, Yosemite Valley", "Starr King Mountain, California"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:49:45.323000"}, {"id": 145407, "accession_number": "1970.62", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ganesha, c. 1070. South India, Medieval period, Chola dynasty(10th-13th century). Bronze; overall: 50.8 x 25.4 x 17.8 cm (20 x 10 x 7 in.); base: 23 x 18.3 cm (9 1/16 x 7 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katharine Holden Thayer, 1970.62", "current_location": "244 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Ganesha", "creation_date": "c. 1070", "creation_date_earliest": 1060, "creation_date_latest": 1080, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South India, Medieval period, Chola dynasty(10th-13th century)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 50.8 x 25.4 x 17.8 cm (20 x 10 x 7 in.); Base: 23 x 18.3 cm (9 1/16 x 7 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.508, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.254, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.178, "depth_inch": 7, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "base": {"width": 0.23, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.183, "depth_inch": 7, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309568, "title": "The Age of Bronze", "description": "<i>The Age of Bronze</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-October 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "<i>Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213005, "title": "The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India", "description": "<i>The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India</i>. National Museum of Asian Art, Washington, DC (November 10, 2002-March 9, 2003); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (April 4-June 15, 2003); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 6-September 14, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222425, "title": "Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India", "description": "<i>Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 11, 2006-February 25, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 293147, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2017", "description": "<i>Indian Gallery 242 Rotation \u2013 April-November 2017</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (April 10-November 6, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-04-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J. J. Klejman,  New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Katharine Holden Thayer [1898\u20131985], Cleveland, OH given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ganesha pulls his own broken tusk in one hand, which he used as a pen to write the epic <em>Mahabharata</em>.", "description": "Ganesha, the god of wealth and abundance, is an auspicious and revered Hindu deity. He removes obstacles and protects his worshipers. Numerous myths explain how Ganesha became an elephant-man composite, but the most popular version relates the story of how he was decapitated by his enraged father, Shiva, and restored to life through the intervention of his mother, Parvati. Shiva agreed to revive him with the head of the first creature encountered: an elephant. Ganesha's strength\u2014his profound spiritual wisdom\u2014contrasts with his weakness for sweets, as indicated by his pudginess and the sweet <em>modaka</em> he carries. In Ganesha, opposing forces exist in perfect harmony.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758372"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.62-ganesha"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Art of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1970.\" <em>Archives of Asian Art</em> 25 (1971): 91\u2013120.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110; Reproduced: p. 95, fig. 11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20111035"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 299", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n319"}, {"citation": "Wallbank, T. Walter, A.M. Taylor, and N.M. Bailkey. <em>Civilization Past &amp; Present</em>. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foreseman, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 200", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 150\u2013151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davis, Richard H. \u201cWooden Flowers in the Museum: Reflections on a Decorated Nataraja.\u201d <em>Orientations</em> 33, no. 9 (November 2002): 54\u201361.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya, Richard H. Davis, Ira\u0304 Na\u0304kaca\u0304mi, and Karen Pechilis. <em>The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India</em>. New York: American Federation of Arts, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 22, pp. 140\u2013142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Domine, Heidi. \"Exhibitions for a New Year.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 43, no. 1 (January 2003): 8\u20139.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-01/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 43 no. 06, Summer 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-06"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. \u201cGreat Acquisitions of Indian and Southeast Asian Art at The Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Orientations</em> 36, no. 1 (January 2005): 82\u201387.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 85\u201386", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Sacred Bronzes of Southern India.\" <em>The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries Vol. </em>9, iss. 10 (October 2006): 12.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Branfoot, Crispin. \"Processions and Presence: Bronze Sculptures from the Temples of Southern India.\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> Vol. 36, No. 6 (November/December 2006): 61\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 68, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya. <em>Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 7, pp. 90\u201393", "url": null}, {"citation": "Locke, Adrian K. \"Divine Beauty: Sacred Medieval Bronzes from Southern India.\" <em>Minerva </em>Vol. 18, No. 1 ( January-February 2007): 22\u201324.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 24, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Filler, Martin. \"The Global Eye of Sherman Lee\": <em>The Magazine Antiques, </em>(October 2008), pp. 122\u2013129.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 7, p. 127", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.62", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_web.jpg", "width": "541", "height": "893", "filesize": "285965", "filename": "1970.62_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_print.jpg", "width": "2058", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4036886", "filename": "1970.62_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_full.tif", "width": "3026", "height": "5000", "filesize": "45423712", "filename": "1970.62_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "604", "height": "893", "filesize": "298796"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2298", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4187620"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4056", "height": "6000", "filesize": "73039516"}, "date_created": "2007-03-28T13:24:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "893", "filesize": "311591"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2488", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4283505"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4024", "height": "5500", "filesize": "66427708"}, "date_created": "2007-03-09T14:17:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "587", "height": "893", "filesize": "250234"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2234", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3460202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3614", "height": "5500", "filesize": "59661704"}, "date_created": "2007-03-09T15:06:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "552", "height": "893", "filesize": "236462"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2103", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3130047"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.62/1970.62_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3402", "height": "5500", "filesize": "56163696"}, "date_created": "2007-03-09T15:25:54", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Katharine Holden Thayer", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "83f15d05e6c4463d875bd7bf2717fd9e", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/83f15d05e6c4463d875bd7bf2717fd9e", "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. & Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 145407, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-09-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1060, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1070", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ganesha: Elephant-Headed God, Remover of Obstacles"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:56.553000"}, {"id": 137198, "accession_number": "1962.154", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jar with Lion-Head Handles (\u9752\u82b1\u96d9\u7345\u982d\u7f50), 1300s. China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368). Porcelain with underglaze painted decoration; diameter of mouth: 15.6 cm (6 1/8 in.); overall: 39.4 x 37.5 cm (15 1/2 x 14 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1962.154", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Jar with Lion-Head Handles", "title_in_original_language": "\u9752\u82b1\u96d9\u7345\u982d\u7f50", "creation_date": "1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1368, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368)"], "technique": "porcelain with underglaze painted decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Yuan Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of mouth: 15.6 cm (6 1/8 in.); Overall: 39.4 x 37.5 cm (15 1/2 x 14 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.156, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "overall": {"height": 0.394, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.375, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5357", "inscription_translation": "South", "inscription_remark": "This character is scratched into the white glaze on one of the vessel's shoulders.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u5bae", "inscription_translation": "Palace", "inscription_remark": "This character is scratched into the white glaze on one of the vessel's shoulders.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301272, "title": "Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yuan Dynasty (1279\u20131368)", "description": "<i>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yuan Dynasty (1279\u20131368)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2-November 24, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309886, "title": "Printing in Color", "description": "<i>Printing in Color</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-November 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 206288, "title": "The Legacy of Genghis Khan:  Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353", "description": "<i>The Legacy of Genghis Khan:  Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 28, 2002-February 16, 2003); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (April 13-July 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J.T. Tai and Co., Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131962", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The characters for \"palace\" and \"south\" are scratched into the white glaze on the vessel's shoulder, suggesting that it was once kept in a specific location in a palace.", "description": "Appreciated for its strong profile, brilliant blue color, and firm delineation of the decorative patterns, this jar is a classic example of Yuan dynasty blue-and-white ware. This type of ware was produced no later than the 1330s for both domestic use (the court and common people alike) and overseas trade. This example testifies to the transmission of artistic ideas and techniques between China and the rest of the great Mongol Empire as a result of trade. The cobalt that was used for the blue underglaze decoration was imported from Iran, likely from Kashan. The band of cloud-collar motifs with phoenixes set against floral grounds, as shown here, is an artistic vocabulary that can also be found in Iranian decorative arts of the Ilkhanid period (1256\u20131353).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761594"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.154-jar-with-lion-head-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cJanus in Limbo.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 50, no. 1, 1963, pp. 3\u20136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151927"}, {"citation": "\u201cOriental Art Recently Acquired by American Museums.\u201d <em>Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America</em>, vol. 17, 1963, pp. 43\u201365.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46, fig. 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20067062"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n284"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n284"}, {"citation": "Medley, Margaret. <em>Yu\u0308an Porcelain and Stoneware</em>. London: Faber, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 58, fig. 45b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Medley, Margaret. <em>The Chinese Potter: A Practical History of Chinese Ceramics</em>. Oxford: Phaidon,1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183, fig 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 344", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n364"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer and Sherman E. Lee. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "cat. no. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gowing, Lawrence, ed. <em>A History of Art</em>. London: Macmillan, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 317", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 351, fig. 48", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni. <em>The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press [distributor], 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat no. 193, p. 285; fig. 17, p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 53 no. 05, September/October 2013", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-05/page/14"}, {"citation": "\"Reopening of the Asian Galleries at The Cleveland Museum of Art: An Interview with David Franklin.\" <em>Orientations: The Magazine for Collectors and Connoisseurs of Asian Art</em>, vol. 44, no. 8 (November/December 2013): pp. 60-63", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 100", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. <em>Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th-21st Century</em>. Cleveland; New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 221, fig. 6.7; Mentioned: P. 221, 226, 228", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gaskin, Steven P. \"The David Vases: Considering Serpentine Waves on Yuan Blue-and-White.\" <em>Orientations</em> 46, no. 4 (May 2015): 81-89.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86, figs. 9, 9a.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.154", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.154/1962.154_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "861", "filesize": "260427", "filename": "1962.154_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.154/1962.154_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3251", "filesize": "1735188", "filename": "1962.154_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.154/1962.154_full.tif", "width": "10875", "height": "10400", "filesize": "339330892", "filename": 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "9a0710f44a464e36b3e2da485320f1dd", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/9a0710f44a464e36b3e2da485320f1dd", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137198, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:25.971000"}, {"id": 159234, "accession_number": "1995.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Crucifix with Scenes of the Passion, c. 1230\u201340. Italy, Pisa. Tempera with gold on panel; framed: 186.6 x 160.7 x 12.7 cm (73 7/16 x 63 1/4 x 5 in.); unframed: 185 x 160 x 10.2 cm (72 13/16 x 63 x 4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1995.5", "current_location": "100 1916 Lobby", "title": "Crucifix with Scenes of the Passion", "creation_date": "c. 1230\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1225, "creation_date_latest": 1245, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Pisa"], "technique": "tempera with gold on panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 186.6 x 160.7 x 12.7 cm (73 7/16 x 63 1/4 x 5 in.); Unframed: 185 x 160 x 10.2 cm (72 13/16 x 63 x 4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.866, "height_inch": 73, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.607, "width_inch": 63, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.127, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 1.85, "height_inch": 72, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.6, "width_inch": 63, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.102, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed below:  [GH]AEL q./...VINI/IT (i.e. Ghael quondam ... vini)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 229872, "title": "Cimabue a Pisa", "description": "<i>Cimabue a Pisa</i>. Museo Nazionale di San Matteo, Pisa, Pisa, Italy (organizer) (March 25-June 25, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-03-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Galerie Sanct Lucas, Wein, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1995", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although the artist did sign this panel at the bottom, the signature is illegible, his first name perhaps being Michael.", "description": "Large painted crucifixes dating from the 1100s and 1200s are among the earliest surviving Italian panel paintings. Large crosses, like this beautiful example, were typically suspended high above an altar in the main apse of Italian churches. Smaller crosses were placed on or just above altars in small side chapels. Such crosses served as the visual focus for devotion and symbolized the Eucharistic sacrament performed by the priest on the altar below. This crucifix shows Christ alive on the cross as the triumphant savior of mankind. Smaller images on the \"apron\" represent images of Christ's Passion (to the left) and his death and Resurrection (to the right). On the far left terminal appear the mourning Virgin and Saint John the Evangelist, while on the right the viewer is shown Saint James Major and Saint Bona, patroness of the city of Pisa. The concluding event, the Ascension of Christ, once appeared on the upper terminal, just above the Virgin and Apostles. The figure of Christ is painted in a severe and hieratic style suggestive of medieval Pisa's artistic and commercial links with the Byzantine East. The appearance of Saint Bona on this cross may suggest that it was made for the Church of S. Martino in Pisa, where Franciscan nuns tended the holy woman's relics.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477227"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.5-crucifix-with-scenes"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kimball, Fiske. \"Two Purchases.\" <em>The Philadelphia Museum Bulletin</em> 48, no. 236 (1953).", "page_number": "pp. 19-29", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3794980"}, {"citation": "Stubblebine, James H. \"A Crucifix for Saint Bona\" <em>Apollo </em>vol. 125 (March 1987).", "page_number": "p. 160-165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Adds Rare Medieval Work to Paintings Collection,\u201d March 7, 1995, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr3947"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan, \u201cTriumphant Christ\u201d, Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 36 no. 04, April 1996", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-04/page/n3"}, {"citation": "\"Acquisition of the Year\" 142 <em>Apollo</em> (Dec. 1997).", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Evans, Helen C., and William D. Wixom. <em>The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 448", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley.<em> Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 20, p. 25 & 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burresi, Mariagiulia, and Antonino Caleca. <em>Cimabue a Pisa: la pittura pisana del Duecento da Giunta a Giotto.</em> Ospedaletto (Pisa): Pacini, 2005.", "page_number": "cat. no. 40, p. 174-177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flora, Holly, Rachel Billinge, and Elaine Koss.<em> Cimabue and Early Italian Devotional Painting</em>. New York, N.Y.: Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 26, fig 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklos, Ada Labriola, Valentino Pace and Angelo Tartufferi. \"Officina Pisana: il XIII secolo,\" <em>Arte Christiana</em> 834, XCIV (2006).", "page_number": "p. 169, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550. </em>Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 20, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bacci, Michele. \"Shaping the Sacred: Painted Crosses and Shrines in Thirteenth-Century Pisa,\" <em>R\u00f6misches Jahrbuch der Bibliotheca Hertziana</em>, Band 38 (2007/2008).", "page_number": "115-129; fig. 1 and pp. 115-17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bozzoli, Chiara. \" 'Baciami con I baci della tua bocca' Riflessioni sulle moldalit\u00e0 di espressione del trasporto emotivo nell'arte medievale. \" <em>Critica D'Arte</em> N. 37-38, Gennaio- Giugno (2009).", "page_number": "p. 66, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel.<em> A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages.</em> Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 36, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carr, Annemarie Weyl, Lynn Jones, and Kathleen Maxwell. <em>Byzantine Images and Their Afterlives: Essays in Honor of Annemarie Weyl Carr.</em> 2014.", "page_number": "p. 248, fig. 12.8-12.9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flora, Holly. <em>Cimabue and the Franciscan</em>s. Turnhout: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 209; Reproduced: p. 210, fig. 6.8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fileti, M.<em> Cimabue.</em> Pisa-Ospedaletto: Pacini Editore, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30-31", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.5/1995.5_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "298133", "filename": "1995.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.5/1995.5_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4011531", "filename": "1995.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.5/1995.5_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99904020", "filename": "1995.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.5/1995.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "893", "filesize": "409361"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.5/1995.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2849", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6395701"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.5/1995.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "5958", "filesize": "89257444"}, "date_created": "2009-07-27T15:45:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.5/1995.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "745", "height": "893", "filesize": "446910"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.5/1995.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1842", "filesize": "2057351"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.5/1995.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1842", "filesize": "8491068"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Plain Dealer Lobby", "athena_id": 159234, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1995-03-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1225, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1230\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:15:18.653000"}, {"id": 106088, "accession_number": "1924.195", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Early Morning After a Storm at Sea, 1900\u20131903. Winslow Homer (American, 1836\u20131910). Oil on canvas; framed: 111 x 160 x 12 cm (43 11/16 x 63 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 76.8 x 127 cm (30 1/4 x 50 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1924.195", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Early Morning After a Storm at Sea", "creation_date": "1900\u20131903", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1903, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, late 19th-early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 111 x 160 x 12 cm (43 11/16 x 63 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 76.8 x 127 cm (30 1/4 x 50 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.11, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 1.6, "width_inch": 63, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.12, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.768, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.27, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"HOMER / 1902\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311945, "title": "The Sea", "description": "<i>The Sea</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 23-October 25, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520330, "title": "Yankee Painter: A Retrospective Exhibition of Oils, Watercolors and Graphics by Winslow Homer", "description": "<i>Yankee Painter: A Retrospective Exhibition of Oils, Watercolors and Graphics by Winslow Homer</i>. University of Arizona Museum of Art, Tucson, AZ (organizer) (October 12-December 1, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310299, "title": "Reckoning with Winslow Homer: His Late Works and Their Influence", "description": "<i>Reckoning with Winslow Homer: His Late Works and Their Influence</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-November 25, 1990); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (December 16, 1990-February 10, 1991); Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (March 16-May 12, 1991).", "opening_date": "1990-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361410, "title": "Winslow Homer", "description": "<i>Winslow Homer</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 15, 1995-January 28, 1996); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (February 21-May 26, 1996); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (June 20-September 22, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 184052, "title": "Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age", "description": "<i>Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 23-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224220, "title": "Weatherbeaten: The Late Paintings of Winslow Homer", "description": "<i>Weatherbeaten: The Late Paintings of Winslow Homer</i>. Portland Museum of Art, Portland, ME (organizer) (September 20-December 30, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-09-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 290556, "title": "Coming Away: Winslow Homer and England", "description": "<i>Coming Away: Winslow Homer and England</i>. Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (November 17, 2017-February 4, 2018); Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (March 2-May 20, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-11-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 394678, "title": "Art Along the Rivers: A Bicentennial Celebration", "description": "<i>Art Along the Rivers: A Bicentennial Celebration</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (October 3, 2021-January 9, 2022) https://www.slam.org/exhibitions/art-along-the-rivers/.", "opening_date": "2021-10-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 437859, "title": "Winslow Homer: Crosscurrents", "description": "<i>Winslow Homer: Crosscurrents</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 4-July 31, 2022) https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2022/winslow-homer.", "opening_date": "2022-04-04T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, Union League Club, Paintings by Contemporary Americans (8-10 January 1903).", "opening_date": "1903-01-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Society of American Artists, Twenty-Fifth Annual Exhibition (28 March-3 May 1903).", "opening_date": "1903-03-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsburgh, The Carnegie Institute, The Eighth Annual Exhibition at The Carnegie Institute (5 November 1903-1 January 1904), no. 75.", "opening_date": "1903-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Seventy-Third Annual Exhibition (25 January-5 March 1904)", "opening_date": "1904-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "St. Louis, Louisiana Purchase Universal Exposition (May-December, 1904)", "opening_date": "1904-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright Art Gallery, Fifth Annual Exhibition of Selected Paintings by American Artists (11 May-1 September 1910); cat. no. 117, listed p. 38.", "opening_date": "1910-05-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "St. Louis, City Art Museum of St. Louis, Fifth Annual Exhibition of Selected Paintings by American Artists (September 15 - November 15, 1910); cat. 120.", "opening_date": "1910-09-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York City, The Museum of Modern Art, The Museum of Modern Art Sixth Loan Exhibition: Winslow Homer, Albert P. Ryder, Thomas Eakins (May, 1930), fig. 17.", "opening_date": "1930-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, The Pennsylvania Museum of Art, Winslow Homer 1836-1910 (2 May-8 June 1936), fig. 29.", "opening_date": "1936-05-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, Detroit Institute of Arts, Annual Exhibition of American Art (2 April-3 May 1937); cat. no. 32.", "opening_date": "1937-04-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York City, Whitney Museum of American Art, Winslow Homer: Centenary Exhibition (15 December 1936-15 January 1937), fig. 33, illus.", "opening_date": "1936-12-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, Centenary Exhibition of Works of Winslow Homer (28 January-7 March 1937); traveled to Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts, (March 1937-May 1937) pp. 7-13 fig. 29.", "opening_date": "1937-01-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Worcester, Worcester Art Museum, Winslow Homer (16 November-17 December 1944), no. 82, p. 7.", "opening_date": "1944-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein for the Benefit of The New York Botanical Garden, Winslow Homer (19 February-22 March 1947), no. 37.", "opening_date": "1947-02-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brooklyn, The Brooklyn Museum, The Coast and the Sea: A Survey of American Marine Painting (19 November 1948-16 January 1949); cat. no. 61.", "opening_date": "1948-11-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brooklyn, The Brooklyn Museum, Chief Movements in Modern American Painting 1900-1950 (14 November 1951-6 January 1952)", "opening_date": "1951-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Frankfurt, Stadelsches Kunstitut, Hundert Jahre Amerikanische Malerei 1800-1900 (14 March-3 May 1953); traveled to Munich, Bayerische Staatsgem\u00e4ldesammlungen (15 May-28 June 1953); Hanburg, Kunsthalle (18 July-30 August 1953); (in addition shows were added in Berlin and D\u00fcsseldorf-see Whitney Museum catalogue for further information); cat. no. 45, illus. fig. 32.", "opening_date": "1953-03-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rome, Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Mostra Di Pittura Americana Del XIX Secolo (19 January-7 February 1954), no. 82; seems to also have traveled to Milan (see Whitney Museum catalogue for further information).", "opening_date": "1954-01-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Whitney Museum of American Art, American Painting in the Nineteenth Century, (22 April-23 May 1954), cat. no. 86.", "opening_date": "1954-04-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oguinquit, ME, Museum of Art, Summer Exhibition (1 July-12 September 1954), cat. no. 8; illus.", "opening_date": "1954-07-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsburgh, The Carnegie Institute, American Classics of the Nineteenth Century (1957); traveled to Utica, The Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute; Richmond, The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts; Baltimore, The Baltimore Museum of Art; Manchester, The Currier Gallery of Art, cat. no. 62.", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., The National Gallery of Art, Winslow Homer: A Retrospective Exhibition (23 November 1958-4 January 1959); traveled to New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art (29 January-8 March 1959), fig. 74.", "opening_date": "1959-01-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Tucson, University of Arizona Art Gallery, Yankee Painter: A Retrospective Exhibition of Oils, Water Colors and Graphics by Winslow Homer (11 October-1 December 1963), cat. no. 31, illus. p. 45.", "opening_date": "1963-10-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron, Akron Institute of Art, Retrospective on Winslow Homer (25 March-11 May 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-03-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776-1976 (6 March-11 April 1976); traveled to Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts, (5 May-13 June 1976); Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 Sept", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Frank Rehn, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Cornelius Vanderbilt Barton, New York, NY, consigned to Frank Rehn, Inc.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918-1924", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, sold to Cornelius Vanderbilt Barton)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Bixby returned the painting to Knoedler in December 1917 (stock no. C 4847), and in March 1918 the gallery sold it to Barton.</div>"], "date": "1917-1918", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "William K. Bixby [1857-1931], St. Louis, MO, returned to Knoedler & Co.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904-1917", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, sold to William K. Bixby)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Knoedler represented the painting on Homer's instruction.&nbsp; Some versions of this provenance begin with Chicago dealer William O'Brien.&nbsp; However, he represented the work only briefly and failed to sell it.&nbsp; In 1900 O'Brien approached Homer, proposing to act as an agent to solicit a new painting.&nbsp; Homer accepted O'Brien's proposition in July 1900, and on November 14, 1902, Homer informed O'Brien that the so-called \"O'Brien picture,\" as he referred to the painting, had been sent.&nbsp; He did not consider O'Brien as having a claim on the work, but offered him the first opportunity to show and sell it as a courtesy.&nbsp; However, the painting had to be returned to New&nbsp; York by January 8, 1903 in time for an exhibition at the Union League Club.&nbsp; Thus, O'Brien's association with the painting lasted just six weeks.</div>"], "date": "1903-1904", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Winslow Homer's studio in Prouts Neck, Maine, is a National Historic Landmark.", "description": "The powerful Atlantic surf pounding against the desolate coast of Prouts Neck, Maine, provided primary subject matter for the dramatic paintings that Homer created during his final decades. This example, which the artist proclaimed as \"the best picture of the sea that I have painted,\" was initially conceived as a watercolor. Undertaking the composition in oil after a lapse of nearly two decades, Homer patiently waited for the appropriate atmospheric conditions, executing the work in four different sessions spread over two years.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503457"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1924.195-early-morning-after"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Denenberg, Thomas Andrew, and Winslow Homer. <em>Weatherbeaten: Winslow Homer and Maine</em>. 2012.", "page_number": "fig. 10, p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "no. 85, p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "no. 359, listed pp. 133-134", "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Frank K.M. Rehn Galleries records, Miscellaneous Records: Lists of Paintings, 1920-1968, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Reel 5872 (87-725)].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "W.M.M., \u201cEarly Morning After a Storm at Sea by Winslow Homer,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 11.3 (March 1924): 51-53", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Winslow Homer, Series IV. Inventory cards, 1859-1971, M. Knoedler &amp; Co. Records, box 135, Getty Research Institute", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "W.M.M., \u201cEarly Morning After a Storm at Sea by Winslow Homer,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>11.3 (March 1924): 51-53.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "W.M.M., \u201cEarly Morning After a Storm at Sea by Winslow Homer,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>11.3 (March 1924): 51-53.<em><br></em>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Tatham, David. <em>Winslow Homer in London : A New York Artist Abroad. </em>Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 7, 88, 93-94; reproduced p. 41.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara.<em> Voyages of the Self : Pairs, Parallels, and Patterns in American Art and Literature.</em> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 96-97; reproduced, color plate 10.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Simpson, Marc. <em>Winslow Homer: The Clark Collection.</em> Williamstown, Massachusetts: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 35.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jennings, Kate F. <em>Winslow Homer. </em>New York, N.Y.: Crescent Books : Distributed by Crown Publishers, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced, p. 109.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Coming Away: Winslow Homer and England,\" <em>American Art Review </em>30 (May-June 2018).", "page_number": "Reproduced, p. 56.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Michael Brenson, \"Art View: Homer's Epic: Seascapes Grand and Gentle,\" <em>New York Times, </em>March 31, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "City Art Museum of St. Louis.<em> Fifth Annual Exhibition of Selected Paintings by American Artists</em>. St. Louis, Mo: The Museum, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 49, #120", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n36"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n46"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, no. 85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n22"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Recent Additions to the Collection of Homer.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>42, no. 3 (March 1955): 51-54.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 54", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142026"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 549", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n102"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n211"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n211"}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>19th and 20th Century Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110, fig. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n252"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 3, p. 10; p. 98 - 99", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 52", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ross, Clifford, Jay A. Clarke, Phong Bui, and Orville Schell. <em>Hurricane Waves</em>. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 11, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Athens, Elizabeth, Brandon Ruud and Martha Tedeschi. <em>Coming Away: Winslow Homer &amp; England</em>. Worcester, MA : Worcester Art Museum ; Milwaukee, WI : Milwaukee Art Museum ; New Haven, CT : in association with Yale University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149, cat. # 67; p. 81, fig. 10 (detail): Mention: p. 56, 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "American Art Review. \"Coming Away: Winslow Homer and England.\" American Art Review 30, no. 3 (May/June 2018): 54-57.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56, top", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herdrich, Stephanie L., Sylvia Yount, Daniel Immerwahr, Christopher Riopelle, Gwendolyn DuBois Shaw, and Winslow Homer. Winslow Homer: Crosscurrents. New York : The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1924.195", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.195/1924.195_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "762", "filesize": "642840", "filename": "1924.195_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.195/1924.195_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2050", "filesize": "4653289", "filename": "1924.195_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.195/1924.195_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "3618", "filesize": "65155832", "filename": "1924.195_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.195/1924.195_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "887", "filesize": "883641"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.195/1924.195_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2387", "filesize": "6257811"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.195/1924.195_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4564", "height": "3204", "filesize": "43912888"}, "date_created": "2008-08-13T14:28:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.195/1924.195_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "764", "filesize": "622065"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.195/1924.195_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2056", "filesize": "4008956"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.195/1924.195_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3023", "filesize": "45365748"}, "date_created": "2004-08-23T20:14:10", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 106088, "creators": [{"id": 3143, "description": "Winslow Homer (American, 1836\u20131910)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1836", "death_year": "1910", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1924-01-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1900\u20131903", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:42:20.905000"}, {"id": 145463, "accession_number": "1971.101", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dana\u00eb, c. 1623. Orazio Gentileschi (Italian, 1563\u20131639). Oil on canvas; framed: 202.5 x 270 x 9 cm (79 3/4 x 106 5/16 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 162 x 228.5 cm (63 3/4 x 89 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1971.101", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Dana\u00eb", "creation_date": "c. 1623", "creation_date_earliest": 1618, "creation_date_latest": 1628, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 202.5 x 270 x 9 cm (79 3/4 x 106 5/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 162 x 228.5 cm (63 3/4 x 89 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.025, "height_inch": 79, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 2.7, "width_inch": 106, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 1.62, "height_inch": 63, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 2.285, "width_inch": 89, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1971</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 177899, "title": "Van Dyck.  Grande pittura e Collezionismo a Genova", "description": "<i>Van Dyck.  Grande pittura e Collezionismo a Genova</i>. Palazzo Ducale, Venice (March 22-July 13, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207259, "title": "Orazio and Artemesia Gentileschi", "description": "<i>Orazio and Artemesia Gentileschi</i>. Museo di Capodimonte, Naples, Italy (October 15, 2001-January 20, 2002); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 11-May 12, 2002); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (June 15-September 15, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218946, "title": "Caravage et le Caravagisme europ\u00e9en", "description": "<i>Caravage et le Caravagisme europ\u00e9en</i>. Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (organizer) (June 22-October 14, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-06-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216565, "title": "Bodies and Shadows: Caravaggio and His Legacy", "description": "<i>Bodies and Shadows: Caravaggio and His Legacy</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (November 11, 2012-February 10, 2013); Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (March 4-June 16, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-11-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 369836, "title": "Variations: The Reuse of Models in Paintings by Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi", "description": "<i>Variations: The Reuse of Models in Paintings by Orazio and Artemisia Gentileschi</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 11-August 28, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-04-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 1971/72: \"Caravggio and His Followers,\" cat. no. 32, pp. 103-105, colorplate 32 (catalogue by Richard E Spear). (Revised edition, cat. no. 32, p. 103, repr. p. 105 (black &amp; white)).", "opening_date": "1972-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rome, Museo del Palazzo di Venezia (October 15, 2001-January 6, 2002); The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 11-May 12, 2002); Saint Louis Museum of Art (June 15-September 15, 2002). \"Orazio and Artemesia Gentileschi.\", exh. cat. no. 41, pp. 193-195.", "opening_date": "2002-02-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Charles Spencer, Fifth Earl of Sunderland (1706-1758)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private collection, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Hazlitt Gallery (London, England], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The gauzy scarf draped over Dana\u00eb was a studio prop present in many of Orazio's paintings.", "description": "Dana\u00eb\u2019s father feared a prophecy that his grandson would kill him, so he imprisoned his daughter to protect her from suitors. Yet Jupiter, king of the gods, fell in love with Dana\u00eb, and he came to her in the form of gold streaming from the sky. Gentileschi adopted Caravaggio\u2019s method of painting directly from models, pulled to the front of the picture plane, which gives the painting a startling, tangible quality. However, the graceful way he handled paint and human gestures lends the work a poetic quality unique to the artist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29053312"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.101-danae"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1971.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 1 (1972): 3-46.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.12", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Trafalgar Galleries. <em>In the Light of Caravaggio.</em> London: Trafalgar Galleries, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n155"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 346-348; Reproduced: p. 347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferrara, Lidia Guibert. <em>Reclining Nude</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Patrice Marandel, J., ed. <em>Caravaggio and His Legacy</em>. Los Angeles, CA: Prestel, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58; Reproduced: p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e Fabre. <em>Caravage et le Caravagisme europ\u00e9e. </em>Montpellier, France.", "page_number": "ex. cat. no. 17, p. 124-125.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art: October 2016 through February 2017</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016", "page_number": "p. 8-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bissell, R. Ward, Laura Muti and Daniele De Sarno Prignano. <em>Orazio Gentileschi: Cristo Deriso</em>. Faenza: Edit Faenza, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Marcia Steele. <em>Variations: The Reuse of Models in Paintings by Orazio &amp; Artemisia Gentileschi.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced throughout", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory. \u201cThe Gentileschi Variations.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): 12-15.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 12; Mentioned: P. 12, 15.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Steele, Marcia. \u201cUnlocking an Old Master: Conservation of Orazio Gentileschi's 'Dana\u00eb' reveals the artist's genius once again.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 44-45.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 44-45.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.101", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "645", "filesize": "261215", "filename": "1971.101_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2436", "filesize": "2429496", "filename": "1971.101_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_full.tif", "width": "13739", "height": "9843", "filesize": "405726768", "filename": "1971.101_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "687", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2594", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12096", "height": "9230", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2021-02-11T15:11:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "645", "filesize": "261215"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2436", "filesize": "2429496"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt1_full.tif", "width": "13739", "height": "9843", "filesize": "405726768"}, "date_created": "2021-01-20T12:49:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "642", "filesize": "265901"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2424", "filesize": "2466990"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt2_full.tif", "width": "13735", "height": "9791", "filesize": "403466084"}, "date_created": "2020-07-09T09:31:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "643", "filesize": "272260"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2429", "filesize": "2992637"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt3_full.tif", "width": "13596", "height": "9714", "filesize": "396242192"}, "date_created": "2020-07-09T08:33:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "644", "filesize": "225824"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2434", "filesize": "2336574"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt4_full.tif", "width": "13986", "height": "10013", "filesize": "420151152"}, "date_created": "2020-07-09T10:07:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1249", "height": "893", "filesize": "688181"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2430", "filesize": "5043886"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.101/1971.101_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "4288", "filesize": "77216652"}, "date_created": "2007-04-05T15:14:26", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 145463, "creators": [{"id": 2175, "description": "Orazio Gentileschi (Italian, 1563\u20131639)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1563", "death_year": "1639", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-09-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1618, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1623", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:28.138000"}, {"id": 115405, "accession_number": "1936.19", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Pigeon Tower at Bellevue, 1890. Paul Cezanne (French, 1839\u20131906). Oil on fabric; framed: 95.5 x 113 x 7 cm (37 5/8 x 44 1/2 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 65.6 x 81.5 cm (25 13/16 x 32 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The James W. Corrigan Memorial, 1936.19", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "The Pigeon Tower at Bellevue", "creation_date": "1890", "creation_date_earliest": 1890, "creation_date_latest": 1890, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 95.5 x 113 x 7 cm (37 5/8 x 44 1/2 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 65.6 x 81.5 cm (25 13/16 x 32 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.955, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.13, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.656, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.815, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616624, "title": "Fifty Years of French Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of French Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 29-November 29, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-10-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338201, "title": "C\u00e9zanne and Gauguin", "description": "<i>C\u00e9zanne and Gauguin</i>. The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (organizer) (November 1-December 13, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338226, "title": "Paul C\u00e9zanne", "description": "<i>Paul C\u00e9zanne</i>. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (organizer) (September 1-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-09-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338205, "title": "Paul C\u00e9zanne", "description": "<i>Paul C\u00e9zanne</i>. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (October 8-29, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-10-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338244, "title": "French Impressionists from Manet to Cezanne", "description": "<i>French Impressionists from Manet to Cezanne</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (May 3-June 2, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338292, "title": "Masterpieces of Painting", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Painting</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts (organizer) (February 5-March 8, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-02-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338295, "title": "A Thousand Years of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>A Thousand Years of Landscape: East and West</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (organizer) (October 24-December 9, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-10-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338298, "title": "French Paintings of the 19th Century", "description": "<i>French Paintings of the 19th Century</i>. Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center (organizer) (November 5-December 9, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338301, "title": "C\u00e9zanne", "description": "<i>C\u00e9zanne</i>. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (March 26-April 26, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338304, "title": "Springtime of Impressionism", "description": "<i>Springtime of Impressionism</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 2, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338316, "title": "French Impressionists", "description": "<i>French Impressionists</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (organizer) (May 23-April 19, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338336, "title": "Exposition pour comm\u00e9morer le cinquantenaire de la mort de C\u00e9zanne", "description": "<i>Exposition pour comm\u00e9morer le cinquantenaire de la mort de C\u00e9zanne</i>. Pavillon de Vend\u00f4me, Aix-en-Provence, France (July 20-August 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-07-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 337140, "title": "Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums</i>. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo (organizer) (September 11-October 17, 1976); Kyoto National Museum (November 2-December 5, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338323, "title": "C\u00e9zanne and Poussin: The Classical Vision of Landscape", "description": "<i>C\u00e9zanne and Poussin: The Classical Vision of Landscape</i>. National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 9-October 21, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-08-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338341, "title": "C\u00e9zanne", "description": "<i>C\u00e9zanne</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France (September 26, 1995-January 1, 1996); Tate Britain, London (February 7-April 28, 1996); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (May 26-September 1, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-09-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 223479, "title": "Right Under the Sun: Painting in Provence from Classicism to Modernism (1750-1920)", "description": "<i>Right Under the Sun: Painting in Provence from Classicism to Modernism (1750-1920)</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (September 22, 2005-January 8, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-05-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177189, "title": "C\u00e9zanne in Provence", "description": "<i>C\u00e9zanne in Provence</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (January 29-May 7, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-01-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222303, "title": "Lend-Back:  Painting the Modern Garden", "description": "<i>Lend-Back:  Painting the Modern Garden</i>. Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH (organizer) (October 1, 2015-April 30, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Fifty Years of French Art</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1926).", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Inaugural Exhibition</em>. Art Gallery of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (1926).", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Paintings by Paul C\u00e9zanne 1839-1906</em>. Wildenstein Gallery, New York, NY (1928).", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Museum of Modern Art First Loan Exhibition: C\u00e9zanne, Gauguin, Seurat, Van Gogh</em>.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture.</em> Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (1934).", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Maxime Conil [1822- ?] Aix en Provence, France, brother-in-law of the artist, sold to Ambroise Vollard, December 18, 1899", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1899", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Ambroise Vollard, Paris, France, January 25, 1922, sold to Ralph M. Coe)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1899-1922", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Ralph M. Coe [1882-1959], Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1922", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mrs. Ralph M. Coe [1891-1966], Cleveland, OH, November 7, 1935, to Knoedler & Co.for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1922-1935", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, January 6, 1936, work returned to Mr. Ralph M. Coe)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935-1936", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mr. Ralph M. Coe, Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["517.26", "1971.23", "2654.31"], "did_you_know": "C\u00e9zanne\u2019s method of compressing space and simplifying forms into flattened, geometric shapes provided the foundation for both Fauvism and Cubism.", "description": "Paul Cezanne painted this composition in three horizontal planes: the azure blue of the sky; the luminous white of the tower and the farmyard buildings; and the burnt-orange shade of the foreground earth, whose color is indicative of the iron-rich soil of Provence. The shimmering greens of Cezanne\u2019s favorite cypress and olive trees are interspersed across the middle ground. The composition is pared down to its essentials, devoid of extraneous detail; it exemplifies his ambition \u201cto make something solid and enduring, like the art in museums.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513959"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1936.19-the-pigeon-tower-at"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rivie\u0300re, Georges. <em>Le Mai\u0302tre Paul Ce\u0301zanne</em>. Paris: H. Floury, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Fifty Years of French Art.\" <em>The Arts </em>10 (December 1926): 336-338.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 336; mentioned: 337", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, Forbes. \"New York Exhibitions.\" <em>The Arts </em>13 (February 1928): 106-115.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112; mentioned: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Erle Loran. \"Cezanne's Country.\" <em>The Arts </em>16 (April 1930): 521-552.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 533", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. <em>French Painting</em>. Boston: Hale, Cushman &amp; Flint, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 309", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"List of Paintings.\" <em>Art Digest </em>8, no. 17 (June 1,1934): 12-22.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Ce\u0301zanne, Son Art, Son Oeuvre; 1,600 Illustrations.</em> Paris: P. Rosenberg, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 205, no. 650; reproduced: pl. 208, fig. 650", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 100, no. 255; reproduced: pl. LXVII, no. 255", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"The Pigeon Tower at Montbriand by Paul Cezanne.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>23, no. 3 (March, 1936): 30, 33-36.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33-36; reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland: A Cezanne for the Museum.\" <em>ARTnews </em>34 (March 28, 1936): 11.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cezanne's Pigeon Tower at Montbriand.\" <em>The American Magazine of Art </em>29 (April 1936): 247-248.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 247-248", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>ARTnews </em>34 (June 13, 1936): 7-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ce\u0301zanne, Paul. <em>Paul Ce\u0301zanne: Exhibition of Paintings, Water-Colors, Drawings and Prints : September 1 Through October 4, 1937</em>. San Francisco: San Francisco Museum of Art, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Novotny, Fritz. <em>Ce\u0301zanne und das Ende der wissenschaftlichen Perspektive.</em> Wien: A. Schroll, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 202, no. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. <em>Modern French Painters.</em> New York: Reynal &amp; Hitchcock, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp. p. 173", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 106", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. <em>Loan Exhibition of Masterpieces of Painting = Exposition De Chefs-D'oeuvre De La Peinture</em>. Montreal: Museum of Fine Arts, Arts Association of Montreal, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Loran, Erle. <em>Cezanne's Composition; Analysis of His Form, with Diagrams and Photographs of His Motifs</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 78-79", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n46"}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. <em>A Thousand Years of Landscape East and West : (paintings, Drawings, Prints) : Special Exhibition, October 24 through December 9, 1945, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</em>. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1945.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center. <em>French Paintings of the 19th Century : [exhibition] November 5-December 9, 1946</em>. Colorado Springs: Publisher Not Identified, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Visson, Vladimir. <em>A Loan Exhibition of Cezanne: For the Benefit of the New York Infirmary. March 27- April 26, 1947, at Wildenstein ... New York</em>. [New York]: Wildenstein and Company, Inc, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Paul Ce\u0301zanne, A Biography.</em> New York: Simon and Schuster, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139, 164; reproduced: fig. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Springtime of Impressionsim.\" Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. <em>Bulletin</em>. 18, no 7 (1948)", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>The Ordeal of Paul Ce\u0301zanne.</em> London: Phoenix House, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 132; reproduced: fig. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vancouver Art Gallery. <em>The French Impressionists: Including Works by Some Earlier Artists Who Influenced the Movement : March 24 to April 19, 1953, Vancouver Art Gallery</em>. Vancouver: Vancouver Art Gallery, 1953.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Raynal, Maurice. <em>Ce\u0301zanne; Biographical and Critical Studies</em>. [Geneva]: Skira, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland.</em> Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ce\u0301zanne, Paul. <em>Exposition pour comme\u0301morer le cinquantenaire de la mort de Ce\u0301zanne: Pavillon de Vendo\u0302me du 21 juillet au 15 aou\u0302t, 1956, Aix-en-Provence</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 41, pl. xx", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 508", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n94"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Collections. </em>1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99-101", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Pigeon Tower at Monbriand.\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>68 (December 1963): 485-486.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 486", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n201"}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord.<em> The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art.</em> Cleveland: World Pub. Co, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murphy, Richard W. <em>The World of Ce\u0301zanne, 1839-1906</em>. New York: Time-Life Books, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n201"}, {"citation": "Orienti, Sandra. <em>The Complete Paintings of Ce\u0301zanne</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117, cat. 674", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: Vol. 1, no. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elgar, Frank. <em>Cezanne</em>. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nakayama, Kimio. <em>Po\u0304ru Sezannu</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Kenshu\u0304 Shuppan, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>A Time Remembered: A Cleveland Memoir. </em>Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108-110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kokuritsu Seiyo\u0304 Bijutsukan. <em>Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums from Ancient Egyptian to Contemporary Art</em>. Tokyo: National Museum of Western Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 46, p 77, Reproduced: p. 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n239"}, {"citation": "Bourges, M. R. <em>Itine\u0301raires de Ce\u0301zanne.</em> [Aix-en-Provence]: Ville d'Aix-en-Provence, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Valcros, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arrouye, Jean. <em>La Provence de Ce\u0301zanne.</em> La Calade, Aix-en-Provence: Edisud, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86-87", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Das Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Die Kunst und das Schone Heim</em> 95 (August 1983): 531-538.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 535", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paul Ce\u0301zanne: [exposicio\u0301n] Madrid, marzo-abril 1984, Museo Espan\u0303ol de Arte Contempora\u0301neo.</em> Madrid: El Museo, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Ce\u0301zanne: A Biography.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 186-187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science</em>, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 35, 104. cat. no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Verdi, Richard, Paul Ce\u0301zanne, and Nicolas Poussin. <em>Ce\u0301zanne and Poussin: The Classical Vision of Landscape</em>. London: National Galleries of Scotland, in association with Lund Humphries Publishers, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 154-155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Verdi, Richard.<em> Ce\u0301zanne.</em> London: Thames and Hudson, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 147-148, no. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benedetti, Maria Teresa. <em>Paul Ce\u0301zanne: La Vita e l'Opera</em>. Milano: A. Mondadori, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Orienti, Sandra. <em>Tout l'Oeuvre Peint de Ce\u0301zanne. </em>Paris: Flammarion, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 116-117, no. 674", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lartigue, Charles de. <em>Les Paysages de Paul Ce\u0301zann</em>e. Lyon: Cre\u0301ations du Pe\u0301lican, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Ce\u0301zanne: Paris, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, 25 septembre 1995-7 janvier 1996, Londres, Tate Gallery, 8 fe\u0301vrier-28 avril 1996, Philadelphie, Philadelphia Museum of Art, 26 mai-18 aou\u0302t 1996.</em> Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 310-311, no. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blin, Sylvie. \u201cUn G\u00e9nie Ind\u00e9finissable.\u201d <em>Connaissance Des Arts</em>, no. 521 (October 1995): 46\u201355.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Machotka, Pavel. <em>Ce\u0301zanne: Landscape into Ar</em>t. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Les Sites Ce\u0301zanniens du Pays d'Aix: Hommage a\u0300 John Rewald.</em> Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John.<em> The Paintings of Paul Ce\u0301zanne: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301. </em>New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, no. 692; reproduced: vol. 2, fig. 692", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toshio, Yamanashi. Sezannu: Zettai no Tankyu\u0304sha = Paul Ce\u0301zanne, a\u0300 la Recherche de laAbsolu. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nigensha, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Callen, Anthea. <em>The Art of Impressionism: Painting Technique &amp; the Making of Modernity</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170, no. 234", "url": null}, {"citation": "Donahue, Suzanne M. \"Modern Men: Inventing/Resisting the Modern in Nineteenth-Century French Visual Culture.\" <em>Nineteenth-Century Studies </em>18 (2004): 197-205.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coutagne, Denis. \"Cezanne's Sun.\" In <em>Right Under the Sun: Landscape in Provence from Classicism to Modernism (1750-1920). </em>Guy Cogeval, and Marie-Paule Vial, ed., 156-181. Montre\u0301al: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177, no. 36, and cover.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Provence Sous e Regard des Peintres.\" <em>L'Estampille, l'Objet d'Art</em>. 404 (July/August 2005): 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip, and Denis Coutagne. <em>Ce\u0301zanne in Provence</em>. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169, no. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goetz, Adrien. <em>L'Atelier de Ce\u0301zanne. </em>Paris: Hazan, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M., \"World Travelers\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 01, January 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-01/page/6"}, {"citation": "Adler, Kathleen. <em>Renoir: la maturita\u0300 tra classico e moderno.</em> Milano: Skira, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucy, Martha and John House. <em>Renoir in the Barnes Foundation.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cousinie\u0301, Fre\u0301de\u0301ric. L'Impressionnisme: Du Plein Air au Territoire. Mont-Saint-Aignan: Presses Universitaires de Rouen et du Havre, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Paul. \u201cC\u00e9zanne\u2019s \u2018Primitive\u2019 Perspective, or the \u2018View from Everywhere.\u2019\u201d <em>Art Bulletin</em> 95, no. 1 (March 2013): 102\u2013119.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Girardeau, Ce\u0301cile. \"Pierre-Auguste Renoir au Debut du XX Siecle: Paul Guillanme et la Collection Walter-Guillaume au Musee de l'Orangerie.\" In <em>Ce\u0301zanne - Renoir, Regards Croise\u0301s: Chefs-d\u2019\u0152uvre Des Collections Des Muse\u0301Es de l\u2019Orangerie et d\u2019Orsay, </em>Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 11-16. Martigny, Suisse: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Locke, Nancy. <em>Ce\u0301zanne\u2019s Shadows: Poussin, Chardin, Rubens. </em>University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 127-129, fig. 4", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1936.19", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.19/1936.19_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "723", "filesize": "263547", "filename": "1936.19_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.19/1936.19_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2733", "filesize": "4151430", "filename": "1936.19_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.19/1936.19_full.tif", "width": "14104", "height": "11338", "filesize": "479765284", "filename": "1936.19_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.19/1936.19_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1109", "height": "893", "filesize": "724391"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.19/1936.19_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2737", "filesize": "6821032"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.19/1936.19_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5470", "height": "4403", "filesize": "72287496"}, "date_created": "2007-10-15T19:06:10", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The James W. Corrigan Memorial", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 115405, "creators": [{"id": 1754, "description": "Paul Cezanne (French, 1839\u20131906)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The son of a wealthy banker, C\u00e9zanne began his studies in Aix-en-Provence at the \u00c9cole Saint-Joseph in 1849, then attended the Coll\u00e8ge Bourbon from 1852 until 1858. \u00c9mile Zola, the future author, was to become one of his closest friends. C\u00e9zanne enrolled at the \u00c9cole Gratuite de Dessin in 1857, entering the studio of Joseph Gibert (1806-1884). Two years later, complying with his father's wishes, he began studying law at the Universit\u00e9 d'Aix while still at the \u00c9cole Gratuite de Dessin. In 1861 C\u00e9zanne finally left law school and followed Zola to Paris where he met Pissarro (q.v.) at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. Probably after his failure to enter the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, he returned to Aix and began working at his father's bank. In 1862, however, C\u00e9zanne returned to Paris, where he studied at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse and copied the works of the Old Masters in the Louvre. The works he produced during this period reflect the influence of Spanish painters such as Ribera (1591-1562) and Zurbar\u00e1n (1598-1664), and other predecessors such as Delacroix (q.v.). His submissions to the Salons of 1865 through 1870 (and even through 1881) did not receive the jury's approval; the reinstatement of the Salon des Refus\u00e9s was repeatedly but unsuccessfully demanded. C\u00e9zanne traveled often between Aix and Paris until 1870. To escape the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) he stayed in the south in L'Estaque, along with his mistress, Hortense Fiquet, whom he had met in 1869. C\u00e9zanne moved back north to Pontoise with Hortense and his son, Paul, in 1872 and worked with Pissarro and met Dr. Paul Gachet. The following year he moved again to nearby Auvers-sur-Oise with his family, continuing his work with Pissarro. In 1874 and 1877 C\u00e9zanne participated in the first and third impressionist exhibitions, but the severe criticism of his works led him to abstain from using this venue again. In 1878 his father learned of the existence of Hortense and Paul, who at that point were living in Marseille, and threatened to discontinue his allowance. While in the Midi, C\u00e9zanne often worked with Monticelli (q.v.). His art increasingly matured, and he began concentrating on the order and internal structure within his compositions, limiting his palette. During these years he also met Gauguin (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.), and always trav-eled, chiefly between Aix and L'Estaque. In 1886 C\u00e9zanne married Hortense, his father died, and the inheritance provided him with the financial means to live without constraints. He bought a house in Marlotte near Fontainebleau in 1892. In 1895 he had his first solo show at the gallery of Ambroise Vollard, who two years later bought all the artist's works from his studio near Corbeil. The dealer Paul Durand-Ruel became another important client. C\u00e9zanne participated in the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants in 1899, 1901, and 1902 and exhibited at La Libre Esth\u00e9tique in Brussels in 1901 and 1904, the Secession in Vienna in 1903, and the Salon d'Automne in 1904-6. He continued to study the underlying structure of nature, at times approaching abstraction by denying traditional perspective and using multiple viewpoints. He also began leaving portions of the canvas bare, giving some works an unfinished appearance. C\u00e9zanne's work had a tremendous influence on the artists of his time as well as those of subsequent generations, and he is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of modern art.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1839", "death_year": "1906", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1936-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1890, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1890", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:02:16.738000"}, {"id": 135310, "accession_number": "1958.32", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Two Poplars in the Alpilles near Saint-R\u00e9my, 1889. Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853\u20131890). Oil on fabric; framed: 81 x 66.7 x 7.3 cm (31 7/8 x 26 1/4 x 2 7/8 in.); unframed: 61.6 x 45.7 cm (24 1/4 x 18 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.32", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Two Poplars in the Alpilles near Saint-R\u00e9my", "creation_date": "1889", "creation_date_earliest": 1889, "creation_date_latest": 1889, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 81 x 66.7 x 7.3 cm (31 7/8 x 26 1/4 x 2 7/8 in.); Unframed: 61.6 x 45.7 cm (24 1/4 x 18 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.81, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.667, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.073, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.616, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.457, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "No Extent Specified": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 703013, "title": "Highlights of the 19th Century", "description": "<i>Highlights of the 19th Century</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (March 3-31, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "<i>Paths of Abstract Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442147, "title": "Gauguin and Van Gogh in Copenhagen in 1893", "description": "<i>Gauguin and Van Gogh in Copenhagen in 1893</i>. Ordrupgaard, Charlottenlund, Copenhagen, Denmark (organizer) (December 11, 1984-February 24, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-12-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 221052, "title": "Masters of Impressionism", "description": "<i>Masters of Impressionism</i>. Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico (November 17, 1998-February 28, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227195, "title": "Vincent and Theo van Gogh", "description": "<i>Vincent and Theo van Gogh</i>. Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, Hokkaido, Japan (organizer) (July 5-August 25, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-07-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220540, "title": "Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and the Nordic Countries", "description": "<i>Impressionism, Post-Impressionism and the Nordic Countries</i>. Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden (organizer) (September 27, 2002-January 19, 2003); Statens Museum for Kunst, 1307 K\u00f8benhaven K, Denmark (February 21-May 25, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-09-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222532, "title": "The Real Van Gogh: The Artist and His Letters", "description": "<i>The Real Van Gogh: The Artist and His Letters</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 23-April 18, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-01-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227478, "title": "Becoming Van Gogh: His Years in Paris, 1886-1888", "description": "<i>Becoming Van Gogh: His Years in Paris, 1886-1888</i>. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (October 20, 2012-January 20, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213656, "title": "Van Gogh Repetitions", "description": "<i>Van Gogh Repetitions</i>. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (October 12, 2013-February 2, 2014); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 2-May 26, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216529, "title": "Expressionism in Germany and France: From Van Gogh to Kandinsky", "description": "<i>Expressionism in Germany and France: From Van Gogh to Kandinsky</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (June 8-September 14, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-06-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224149, "title": "Reciprocal Loan: Painting the Modern Garden", "description": "<i>Reciprocal Loan: Painting the Modern Garden</i>. Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, FL (organizer) (October 1, 2015-April 30, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 294300, "title": "Making Van Gogh", "description": "<i>Making Van Gogh</i>. St\u00e4del Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (organizer) (October 23, 2019-February 16, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-10-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448164, "title": "There\u2019s Nothing like the Real Thing: Van Gogh at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>There\u2019s Nothing like the Real Thing: Van Gogh at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 17-December 5, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 399470, "title": "Van Gogh's Cypresses", "description": "<i>Van Gogh's Cypresses</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (May 15-August 27, 2023) https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/van-gogh-cypresses.", "opening_date": "2023-05-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Den frie Udstilling</em>. Copenhagen, Denmark (1893).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Paul Cassirer, Berlin, Germany (1901).", "opening_date": "1901-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Tentoonstelling Vincent van Gogh</em>. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1905).", "opening_date": "1905-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Internationale Ausstellung des Sonderbundes Westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und K\u00fcnstler</em>. St\u00e4dtische Ausstellungshalle am Aachener Tor, Cologne, Germany (1912).", "opening_date": "1912-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Vincent van Gogh, Zehnte Ausstellung</em>. Paul Cassirer, Berlin, Germany (1914).", "opening_date": "1914-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Erste Sonderausstellung in Berlin</em>.Galerie Thannhauser, Berlin, Germany (1927).", "opening_date": "1927-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Vincent van Gogh en zijn Tijdgenooten</em>. Stedelijk Museum. Amsterdam, Netherlands (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Art Museum. Paintings by Van Gogh</em>. Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD; Worcester Museum, Worcester, MA (1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Works by Vincent van Gog</em>h.Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1948).", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Summer Loan: fourteen paintings from the Hanna collection</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, NY (June-September 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Loan Exhibition Van Gogh</em>. Wildenstein, New York, NY (1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpiece of the Month</em>. Art Institute, Akron, OH (March 3-31, 1959).", "opening_date": "1931-03-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Theo van Gogh [1857-1891] Paris, France, by descent to the artist's brother from the artist's estate.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1889\u20131891", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Johanna van Gogh-Bonger [1862-1915] his wife, Amsterdam, Netherlands, by gift to Willem Steenhoff.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1891\u20131905", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Willem Steenhoff [1863-1932] Amsterdam, Netherlands, sold to Alfred Flechtheim", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1905\u20131910", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Alfred Flechtheim, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1910", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Max Siller, Barmen, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Paul Cassirer, Berlin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Justin Thannhauser, Munich, Berlin, Lucerne", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Harry Sperling [1925-1971] New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "July 1940", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "M. Knoedler and Co., New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 1946", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Sam Salz, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "March 1946", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna, Jr, Cleveland, OH, purchased March 12, 1946", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1946\u20131958", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. [1889-1957] Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946\u20131958", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958\u2013", "sortorder": 14}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["427.46"], "did_you_know": "During his Saint-R\u00e9my period, Van Gogh painted 150 canvases and some 100 drawings. He painted nature as he saw it without enhancement and felt that painting would help cure him of his illness.", "description": "Vincent van Gogh painted this autumnal landscape while interned at a psychiatric hospital near Saint-R\u00e9my in southern France. Although initially restricted to painting in his room, he soon resumed working outdoors. This painting reveals the full power of his mature style. Trees twist and lean against a darkening sky, while the intense colors applied with charged brushstrokes convey his emotional reaction to the subject.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26221176"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.32-two-poplars-in-the-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Flechtheim, Alfred. \"Kunsthaler und Sammler: Dusseldorf.\" In <em>Im Kampf um die Kunst: die Antwort auf den \"Protest deutscher Ku\u0308nstler\": mit Beitra\u0308gen deutscher Ku\u0308nstler, Galerieleiter, Sammler und Schriftsteller.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: R. Piper, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pfister, Kurt. <em>Vincent van Gogh</em>. Potsdam: G. Kiepenheuer, 1922.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waldemar, George. <em>Van Gogh: 24 Phototypies.</em> Paris: Librairie de France F. Sant'Andrea, 1927.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 3, pl. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "de LaFaille, J. B. <em>L'oeuvre de Vincent van Gogh, catalogue raisonne\u0301.</em> Paris et Bruxelles: Les E\u0301ditions G. van Oest, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol.1, no. 638; reproduced: vol. 2, no. 638", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gogh, Vincent van. <em>Further Letters of Vincent Van Gogh to His Brother, 1886-1889.</em> London: Constable &amp; Co, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 399, no. 609, p. 416, no. 617, p. 444-445, no. 630", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scherjon, W. and W. Jos. de Gruyter. <em>Vincent Van Gogh's Great Period, Arles, St. Re\u0301my and Auvers Sur Oise (Complete Catalogue)</em>. Amsterdam NL: \"De Spieghel\", Ltd, 1937.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253, no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "De La Faille, J. Bernard, Charles Terrasse, Prudence Montagu-Pollock, and Andre\u0301 Gloeckner. <em>Vincent Van Gogh</em>. New York, N.Y.: French and European Publications [etc.], 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 643", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. </em>Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 73-74", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"More Than 100 Van Goghs in New York's Major Spring Show.\" <em>ARTnews </em>54 (April 1955): 22.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elgar, Frank. <em>Van Gogh, A Study of His Life and Work</em>. New York, NY: Praeger, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Fig. 185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Acessions of American and Canadian Museums: October--December 1957.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>21, no. 1 (Spring 1958): 82-113.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art X, no. XLVI, </em>no, 6 (June, 1959): 122.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward B. Henning. <em>Paths of Abstract Art</em>. [Cleveland]: Distributed by H.N. Abrams [New York], 1960.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 11, p. 9, Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward B. Henning<em>. Paths of Abstract Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: H.N. Abrams, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 11, p. 11; mentioned: pp.11, 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n203"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n203"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n1"}, {"citation": "De La Faille, J.-B. <em>The Works of Vincent Van Gogh; His Paintings and Drawings</em>. Amsterdam, NL: Meulenhoff International, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 638", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lecaldano, Paolo. <em>L'opera pittorica completa di Van Gogh e i suoi nessi grafici</em>. Milan, IT: Rizzoli,1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 707, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gogh, Vincent van, Jean Leymarie, and V. W. van Gogh. <em>Letters of Vincent van Gogh, 1886-1890: a facsimile edition.</em> London: Scolar Press, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, no. 609 3/4, no. 630 2/4", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n241"}, {"citation": "Hulsker, Jan. <em>The Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 1797", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bodelsen, Merete, Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Kirsten Olesen. <em>Gauguin og van Gogh i K\u00f8benhavn i 1893 = Gauguin and van Gogh in Copenhagen in 1893</em>. K\u00f8benhavn, Denmark: Ordrupgaard, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126-127; Reproduced: no. 40, 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bernard, Bruce. <em>Vincent by Himself: A Selection of His Paintings and Drawings Together with Extracts from His Letters</em>. London, UK: Orbis, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald. <em>Van Gogh in Saint-Re\u0301my and Auvers</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302; Mentioned: p. 301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sackerlotsky, Rotraud. \"Giovanni Segantini: Stone Pine and Roses.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXIII</em>, no. 1 (January, 1986): 3-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stein, Susan Alyson. <em>Van Gogh: A Retrospective</em>. New York, NY: H.L. Levin Associates, 1986.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunstmuseum Du\u0308sseldorf, and Westfa\u0308lisches Landesmuseum fu\u0308r Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Mu\u0308nster. <em>Alfred Flechtheim: Sammler, Kunstha\u0308ndler, Verleger</em>. Du\u0308sseldorf: Kunstmuseum Du\u0308sseldorf, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manheim, Ron.<em> 'Im Kampf um die Kunst: de discussie van 1911 over contemporaine Kunst in Duitsland = Die Diskussion von 1911 u\u0308ber zeitgeno\u0308ssische Kunst in Deutschland.</em> Hamburg: Sautter + Lackmann, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Feilchenfeldt, Walter, Han Veenebos, and Paul Cassirer. <em>Vincent van Gogh &amp; Paul Cassirer, Berlin: the reception of van Gogh in Germany from 1901 to 1914</em>. Zwolle, NL: Waanders, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109, no. f638", "url": null}, {"citation": "Feilchenfeldt, Walter. \"Van Gogh Fakes: The Wacker Affair, with an Illustrated Catalogue of the Forgeries.\" <em>Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art</em> 19, no. 4 (1989): 289-316.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 305", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bronkhorst, Hans. <em>Vincent Van Gogh</em>. New York, NY: Portland House, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heijbroek, J. F. \"Het Rijksmuseum Voor Moderne Kunst Van Willem Steenhoff. Werkelijkheid of Utopie?\" <em>Bulletin Van Het Rijksmuseum</em> 39, no. 2 (1991): 163-231.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hulsker, Jan. <em>The New Complete Van Gogh: Paintings, Drawings, Sketches : Revised and Enlarged Edition of the Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of Vincent Van Gogh</em>. Amsterdam NL: J.M. Meulenhoff, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). <em>Maestros del impresionismo</em>. Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.", "page_number": "Referenced: p. 186-187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 302-305, Vol. I, no. 108", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gunnarsson, Torsten, and Hans Henrik Brummer. <em>Impressionism and the North: Late 19th Century French Avant-Garde Art and the Art in the Nordic Countries 1870-1920</em>. Stockholm, SE: Nationalmuseum, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154-155, no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Theo and Vincent van Gogh</em>. <em>Gohho ten = Vincent &amp; Theo van Gogh</em>. Hokkaido\u0304 Shinbunsha, JP: 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134-135, fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toccoli, Vincent Paul and Nicoline Lopez. <em>Vincent van Gogh: le soleil foudroye\u0301</em>. Ampang Point, Selangor, MY: NGM Publishers, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109, fig. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumas, Ann. <em>The Real Van Gogh: The Artist and His Letters</em>. London, UK: Royal Academy of Arts, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced & Mentioned: no. 141, p. 258-259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Standring, Timothy J., and Louis van Tilborgh. <em>Becoming Van Gogh</em>. Denver, CO: Denver Art Museum, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228, p. 273; cat. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Van Tilborgh, Louis, Teio Meedendorp, Ella Hendriks, Don H. Johnson, C. Richard Johnson, and Robert G. Erdmann. \"Weave Matching and Dating of Van Gogh's Paintings: An Interdisciplinary Approach.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 154, no. 1307 (2012): 112-22.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121; reproduced: p. 120, fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Skea, Ralph. <em>Vincent's Trees: Paintings and Drawings by Van Gogh</em>. London, UK: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.7-8, fig. 2; Mentioned: p. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rathbone, Eliza E., William H. Robinson, William H. Robinson, and Marcia Steele. <em>Van Gogh Repetitions</em>. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wiekop, Christian. \"Crossing Borders: Expressionist Encounters with the French Avant-Garde.\" Art History: Journal of the Association of Art Historians 38, no. 5 (November 2015): 976-981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, p. 977", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blanc, Jan. <em>Van Gogh: ni Dieu ni mai\u0302tre.</em> Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 300-301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koldehoff, Stefan and Chris Stolwijk, eds. <em>The Thannhauser Gallery: Marketing Van Gogh.</em> Brussels: Mercatorfonds; Amsterdam: Van Gogh Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 137, cat. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dempsey, Amy. <em>Modern Art.</em> London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eiling, Alexander B., Felix Kra\u0308mer, and Elena Schroll. <em>Making Van Gogh: A German Love Story</em>. M\u00fcnchen: Hirmer Verlag GmbH, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koldehoff, Nora, and Stefan Koldehoff. <em>Der van Gogh-Coup: Otto Wackers Aufstieg und Fall.</em> Wa\u0308denswil am Zu\u0308richsee: Nimbus, Kunst und Bu\u0308cher, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 204, f. 638", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Michael, Cora. \"Gauguin in the the Buckeye and Hoosier States: Portrait of Teuraheimata and its Midwestern Collectors.\" In <em>Paul Gauguin: Teuraheimata a Potoru, a Rediscovery, </em>11-19. New York: Jill Newhouse Gallery; [Akron, Ohio]: Thomas French Fine Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wach, Alexandra. \"Making van Gogh.\" <em>Restauro, 8 (2019): 44-51</em>.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stein, Susan Alyson. \"Signing Off in Style.\" In<em> Van Gogh's Cypresses</em>. Susan Alyson Stein, ed., 110-141. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 118-119, fig. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Van Heteren, Marjan. \"Van Gogh, Ce\u0301zanne, Le Fauconnier &amp; De Bergense School.\" In <em>Van Gogh, Ce\u0301zanne, Le Fauconnier &amp; De Bergense School, </em>edited by Chris Stolwijk, and Marjan van Heteren, 92-151. 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 140, no. 158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bonafoux, Pascal. <em>Vincent van Gogh</em>. Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana Fondato da Giovanni Treccani, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 328", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sefrioui, Anne. <em>Van Gogh: The Bigger Picture. </em>New York, NY: Prestel Publishing, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84; Reproduced: p. 89", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.32", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_web.jpg", "width": "673", "height": "900", "filesize": "338119", "filename": "1958.32_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_print.jpg", "width": "2543", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3870658", "filename": "1958.32_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_full.tif", "width": "10950", "height": "14640", "filesize": "480958152", "filename": "1958.32_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "711", "filesize": "487008"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2686", "filesize": "5832375"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_alt0_full.tif", "width": "15095", "height": "11923", "filesize": "539967596"}, "date_created": "2017-08-03T14:32:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "664", "height": "900", "filesize": "232522"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2510", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3095970"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5682", "height": "7697", "filesize": "131233080"}, "date_created": "2015-09-11T15:41:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "662", "height": "893", "filesize": "606480"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2521", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7299504"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.32/1958.32_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4182", "height": "5640", "filesize": "70795048"}, "date_created": "2005-09-15T17:09:54", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "e89d1437be394b238a85adba5cd8067a", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/e89d1437be394b238a85adba5cd8067a", "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 135310, "creators": [{"id": 1779, "description": "Vincent van Gogh (Dutch, 1853\u20131890)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The son of a clergyman, Vincent van Gogh was sent to The Hague at the age of sixteen to become an apprentice at Goupil &amp; Co., an art dealer with whom his uncle was affiliated. In August 1872 van Gogh began his extensive correspondence with his younger brother Theo, who would join the Brussels branch of the firm the following year. Vincent was transferred to the London offices in 1873 and two years later to the Paris office, but he despised the art trade and was dismissed in 1876. He then taught briefly at a boarding school in Ramsgate and Isleworth, and, back in the Netherlands, worked in a bookshop in Dordrecht before moving to Amsterdam to study theology. In little more than a year he had left the university and entered missionary school, failing again. Still intent on entering the ministry, he moved to the Borinage in Belgium and became a lay evangelist to the miners. Van Gogh finally decided to become an artist in August 1880 and started copying works by Millet (q.v.), the painter of peasant life. With his brother's financial help, he briefly joined the Academy in Brussels. The following year he returned to The Hague, where he received some artistic training from his cousin by marriage, Anton Mauve (1838-1888). There van Gogh met Sien Hoornik, a pregnant prostitute with a five-year-old daughter, with whom he lived briefly. Unable to marry her because of his family's disapproval, he moved in November 1883 from The Hague to the province of Drenthe, a popular place for artists, where he painted and drew laborers and peasants. Feeling terribly lonely, he visited his parents in December 1884 in Nuenen, and it was there that he finally decided to become a painter of peasant life. Van Gogh completed The Potato Eaters (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) in April 1885 and sent it to his brother in Paris. On 25 November he moved to Antwerp, where he reveled in the work of Rubens and first came to know Japanese prints. Van Gogh traveled to Paris in March 1886 and lived with Theo. Under the influence of the impressionists, and works by Monticelli (q.v.), his palette changed to more intense and vibrant colors. He began to associate with \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), Degas (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), Pissarro (q.v.), and Seurat (q.v.) and started collecting some of their paintings as well as Japanese prints. He moved to Arles in February 1888. Apart from paintings, he also made some drawings because it was a cheaper medium. Theo encouraged him to submit to the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants. In May Vincent rented a room in the Yellow House, even though he could hardly afford to do so, and continued to send his work to his brother. In June he became intrigued with the subject of the wheat harvest and painted The Sower (Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum, Otterlo). On 23 October 1888, Gauguin arrived in Arles, at a time when van Gogh was having trouble with his eyesight. Gauguin encouraged him to paint from memory, which resulted in Memory of the Garden in Etten (Hermitage, St. Petersburg). The artists, however, had many disagreements, and during a dramatic quarrel on 23 December van Gogh mutilated his ear. He was taken into a hospital in Arles, and Gauguin left for Paris. Van Gogh recovered rapidly and was dismissed on 7 January 1889. In February his neighbors objected to his presence in the Yellow House, and he had to return to the hospital. In April Theo married Johanna Gesina Bonger, who would eventually safeguard most of Vincent's oeuvre. Aware of his mental problems, at the end of April van Gogh checked himself into the asylum of Saint-Paul-de-Mausole in Saint-R\u00e9my, where he was treated by Dr. Peyron. His condition was stable, and he was allowed to work in a makeshift studio. He worked in the garden (Irises, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles) and painted the fields he could see from his window. Under supervision he painted in the countryside, rendering cypresses and olive trees. Starry Night (Museum of Modern Art, New York) also stems from this period. From July through September he suffered from a severe depression that prevented him from working. He resumed his work from October through December, painting well-known Proven\u00e7al works and adapting prints after Delacroix (q.v.), Millet, and Rembrandt (1606-1669). In January 1890 he exhibited five works with Les XX in Brussels, selling one of them. After a visit to Arles at the end of February, he became ill again but continued to work. He finally left the asylum, and visited Theo in Paris on his way to Auvers, where he arrived on 20 May. He became close friends with Dr. Gachet and rented a room at the inn of the Ravoux family. He painted the village, portraits, and the surrounding wheat fields. On 27 July 1890, during an episode of depression, van Gogh shot himself in the chest and died two days later.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1853", "death_year": "1890", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1889, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1889", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Poplars on a Hill"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:23.295000"}, {"id": 152834, "accession_number": "1985.72", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sideboard, c. 1855. Attributed to Joseph Alexis Bailly (American, 1825\u20131883). Walnut; overall: 290.4 x 211.4 x 69.4 cm (114 5/16 x 83 1/4 x 27 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1985.72", "current_location": "207 American Realism", "title": "Sideboard", "creation_date": "c. 1855", "creation_date_earliest": 1850, "creation_date_latest": 1860, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia?, 19th century"], "technique": "walnut", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 290.4 x 211.4 x 69.4 cm (114 5/16 x 83 1/4 x 27 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.904, "height_inch": 114, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 2.114, "width_inch": 83, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.694, "depth_inch": 27, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309910, "title": "The Year in Review for 1985", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1985</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-April 20, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-02-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Corn Montross of Troy, Ohio. Said to have been acquired about 1900 on the east coast of the United States, probably Philadelphia or Baltimore.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "By descent to their daughter, Mrs. Leon E. Brown of Troy who sold the piece at auction in Cincinnati, c. 1984 (Peter Hill Inc., East Lempster, New Hampshire).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Luscious fruit, wild animals, and Native American figures are masterfully carved into this walnut sideboard. These decorative adornments were created for a distinctively American taste and would have symbolized abundance and wealth to visitors who encountered it within a grand dining room.", "description": "Newly acquired wealth from railroad production, manufacturing, and an expanded economy produced a new elite class of Americans who looked abroad for sources of decoration to adorn their lives. Grand, baronial furniture, reminiscent of German hunting lodges or French castles, became popular during the mid 1800s among America\u2019s wealthy. Elaborate displays of abundance were reflected in the carvings of flora, fauna, and freshly hunted game. The depictions of Native American hunters on this example, most likely made in Philadelphia, may have meant that this piece was displayed at one of the many international expositions that occurred during this period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779166"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.72-sideboard"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1985.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 2 (February 1986): 26\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52; Mentioned: p. 64, no. 46", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159930"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \u201cAmerican Furniture of the Mid-Nineteenth Century.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 5 (May 1987): 186\u2013215.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 202-206, figs. 20, 22-23", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159990"}, {"citation": "Peirce, Donald C.<em> Art &amp; Enterprise: American Decorative Art, 1825-1917 : The Virginia Carroll Crawford Collection</em>. Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 98, fig. 3", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=40990180"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry.<em> What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 72-73", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=294879034"}, {"citation": "Pin\u0303a, Leslie <em>A. Furniture in History, 3000 B.C.-2000 A.D</em>. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=268788668"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with, New York, NY: Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 250-251", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=813973055"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 140-141", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.72", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.72/1985.72_web.jpg", "width": "728", "height": "893", "filesize": "437746", "filename": "1985.72_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.72/1985.72_print.jpg", "width": "2772", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5087765", "filename": "1985.72_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.72/1985.72_full.tif", "width": "3656", "height": "4485", "filesize": "49234264", "filename": "1985.72_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.72/1985.72_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "893", "filesize": "472609"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.72/1985.72_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2523", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6586227"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.72/1985.72_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3710", "height": "5000", "filesize": "55716084"}, "date_created": "2008-02-27T17:00:48", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Payne Fund Gallery", "athena_id": 152834, "creators": [{"id": 5816, "description": "Joseph Alexis Bailly (American, 1825\u20131883)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1825", "death_year": "1883", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-05-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1850, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1855", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:54:10.856000"}, {"id": 155637, "accession_number": "1990.8", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Lot's Wife, 1989. Anselm Kiefer (German, 1945-). Oil paint, ash, stucco, chalk, linseed oil, polymer emulsion, salt, and applied elements (copper heating coil), on canvas, attached to lead foil, on plywood panels; framed: 350 x 410 cm (137 13/16 x 161 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1990.8. \u00a9 Anselm Kiefer", "current_location": "229B Contemporary", "title": "Lot's Wife", "creation_date": "1989", "creation_date_earliest": 1989, "creation_date_latest": 1989, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, 20th century"], "technique": "oil paint, ash, stucco, chalk, linseed oil, polymer emulsion, salt, and applied elements (copper heating coil), on canvas, attached to lead foil, on plywood panels", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 350 x 410 cm (137 13/16 x 161 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 3.5, "height_inch": 137, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 4.1, "width_inch": 161, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Anselm Kiefer", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Titled in chalk on recto of lower panel: Lots Frau", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, purchased from the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1990 -", "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The subject of railroad tracks was inspired by the artist\u2019s photograph of the Bordeaux rail facility.", "description": "Born in the final year of World War II, Anselm Kiefer addresses the history and legacy of the Third Reich in his native Germany. \"We see railway tracks anywhere and think about Auschwitz,\" the artist said soon after painting <em>Lot's Wife.</em> \"It will remain that way in the long run.\" The drama of the railway tracks dissecting a barren landscape is heightened by the work's surface, dense with gesture and a range of materials, including salt. Referring to the fate of Lot's wife in the Book of Genesis\u2014who was turned to a pillar of salt when she looked back at the destruction of Sodom\u2014Kiefer frames a historical narrative within a biblical one.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476539"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 109", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"Anselm Kiefer: \"Lot's Wife\".\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 4 (1993): 180-85.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180, 183; Mentioned: p. 180-85", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161410"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Acquires Major Works,\u201d December 20, 1995, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4002"}, {"citation": "Arasse, Daniel. <em>Anselm Kiefer</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 84", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 121", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Moore, John L., Esther Jun, Clodagh Keogh, William H. Robinson, Danni Shen, Enid Shomer, and Reto Thu\u0308ring. Demise: Rina Banerjee, Esperanza Corte\u0301s, Jae Rhim Lee, Brian Maguire, Paolo Pelosini, Levent Tuncer. 2018, 8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5; reproduced: p. 8.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gallagher, Lowell. <em>Sodomscapes: Hospitality in the Flesh</em>. New York: Fordham University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "1, 2", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.8", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paula and Eugene Stevens Gallery", "athena_id": 155637, "creators": [{"id": 533, "description": "Anselm Kiefer (German, 1945-)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Anselm Kiefer German, 1945-\r\n\r\nOne of the most significant and reclusive artists of the past 20 years, Anselm Kiefer was born in Donaueschingen, Bavaria, two months before the end of World War II. His enormous mixed-media canvases, as well as his smaller bookworks, are laden with cultural, political, mythic, and religious symbolism. These works are made in direct response to his Teutonic heritage and, in particular, Germany's war experience. Kiefer addresses questions regarding German identity in the postwar world, a highly sensitive subject that has brought him both critical acclaim and adamant opposition.\r\n\tKiefer studied law and French at the University of Freiburg in 1965 before turning to painting. He graduated in 1970 and began informal study at the Staatliche Kunstakademie in D\u00fcsseldorf with Joseph Beuys, who encouraged him to paint despite dominance of conceptual art at the time and the declaration that painting was dead. Kiefer often spends years on a piece, working intermittently, and retains rigid control of the placement of his paintings after they leave his studio.\r\n\tAlthough Kiefer's work has changed little throughout his career, his earlier imagery relied on figurative elements and his later paintings have become more abstract, often incorporating architectural elements. He frequently begins with an enlarged photographic image, which he distorts by such techniques as scorching, staining, and burning. His materials include molten lead, tar, straw, and clay, metaphorical substances associated with the German land and its mythologies. The transformative process also recalls alchemy, a subject that interested Beuys, who believed art had the power to evoke a change of state from physical to spiritual.\r\n\tKiefer has had numerous international exhibitions and published monographs, and is represented in major American and European collections. In addition to one-person exhibitions in Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, France, Israel, and England, the Philadelphia Museum of Art organized a retrospective of his work that toured the United States in 1987-88. In recent years, Kiefer has begun to make films that, rooted in the medium of photography, extend the physical and narrative qualities characteristic of all his work into the realms of motion and time. He lives in Barjac, France. A.W.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1945", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-01-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1989, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1989", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:36.049000"}, {"id": 130130, "accession_number": "1952.510", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cup with Daoist Figures (\u96d9\u4ed9\u4eba\u8033\u676f), 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong period (1736\u201395). Pale greenish-white jade; diameter of mouth: 10.3 cm (4 1/16 in.); overall: 6.5 cm (2 9/16 in.); width with handles: 16 cm (6 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1952.510", "current_location": "240B Chinese Decorative Arts", "title": "Cup with Daoist Figures", "title_in_original_language": "\u96d9\u4ed9\u4eba\u8033\u676f", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong period (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "Pale greenish-white jade", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Yuan Dynasty", "type": "Jade", "measurements": "Diameter of mouth: 10.3 cm (4 1/16 in.); Overall: 6.5 cm (2 9/16 in.); width with handles: 16 cm (6 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.103, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "overall": {"height": 0.065, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "width with handles": {"width": 0.16, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 377522, "title": "Chinese Jade", "description": "<i>Chinese Jade</i>. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (November 30, 1962-February 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310119, "title": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China", "description": "<i>Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 207337, "title": "The World of Kubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty", "description": "<i>The World of Kubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 20, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese Jade</em>. The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (November 30-February 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-11-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Y\u00fcan Dynasty (1279-1368)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 2-November 24, 1968); Asia House, New York, NY (January 16-March 2, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-10-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Chinese Jades from Han to Ch'ing</em>. Asia House Gallery, New York, NY (October 9-December 7, 1980); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (January 12-February 22, 1981); Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (March 26-May 10, 1981); Honolulu Academy of Arts, Honolulu, HI (July 17-September 13, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two female immortals serve as handles, while a Daoist procession with immortals, musicians, and attendants winds around the body of the cup.", "description": "During the Qing dynasty, Suzhou\u2019s best products were sent north to the capital. Those that met imperial approval were sometimes graced with Qianlong\u2019s mark, added by calligraphers and jade workers at court. The lack of a Qianlong mark on the Cleveland cup suggests that it might not have reached the court. Previously dated to the Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368), new scholarship dates this cup to the Qing period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760759"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.510-bowl-with-daoist-fig", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.510-cup-with-daoist-figu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cChinese Carved Jades.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 41, no. 4 (April 1954): 67\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141956"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 858", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n152"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n284"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 298", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n284"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 344", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n364"}, {"citation": "Watt, James C. Y. <em>Chinese Jades from Han to Ch\u02bbing</em>. New York: Asia Society, in association with J. Weatherhill, 1980.", "page_number": "cat. no. 131", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Oriental Art</em> vol. 27, no. 1 (Spring 1981), pp. 104\u2013107.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 106\u2013107, fig. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan [National Palace Museum = \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662]. <em>Hai wai yi zhen, Yuqi</em>. [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce, \u7389\u5650 = Chinese art in overseas collections, jade.] Zhonghua min guo Taibei Shi Shilin qu: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pl. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Little, Stephen. <em>Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China: the Cleveland Museum of Art, February 10-April 10, 1988</em>. 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Oudry / 1742", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304393, "title": "Chardin and the Still Life Tradition in France", "description": "<i>Chardin and the Still Life Tradition in France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 6-August 12, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 212586, "title": "Fierce Friends: Artists & Animals, 1750-1920", "description": "<i>Fierce Friends: Artists & Animals, 1750-1920</i>. Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA (organizer) (March 26-August 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-03-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Salon of 1742.</em> Louvre, Paris, France (August 25\u2013September 21, 1742).", "opening_date": "1742-08-25T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Le Cabinet de l'Amateur.</em> Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris, France (February\u2013April, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "M. de Vaize and the de Vaize Family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "until at least 1956", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Sale: Galerie Charpentier, Paris, France, December 15\u201416, 1958, no. 64)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 15\u201416, 1958", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale: Palais Galliera, Paris, France, December 4, 1963, no. 200, to Cailleux)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 4, 1963", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private Collection, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "[Eugene V. Thaw (1927-2018), New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art].", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This lavish display of game was painted one year after a devastating famine gripped France.", "description": "Oudry used a starkly simple composition and sterile background to emphasize his virtuosity in depicting textures, a highly desirable skill of still-life painters at this time. These artists were aiming for the highest level of accuracy\u2014an effect of the Enlightenment, the contemporary intellectual movement that emphasized scientific reasoning in all pursuits. These paintings were generally displayed in hunting lodges or dining rooms, as a glorification of the hunt and the bounty it brings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55463945"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.53-a-hare-and-a-leg-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Salon (Exhibition : Paris, France), and Orry. E<em>xplication des peintures, sculptures, et autres ouvrages de messieurs de l'Acade\u0301mie royale: dont l'exposition a e\u0301te\u0301 ordonne\u0301e suivant l'intention de Sa Majeste\u0301, par M. Orry ... dans le grand Salon du Louvre ... a commencer le jour de S. Lou\u0308is 25. Aoust 1742. pour finir le jour de S. Matthieu 21. Septembre suivant.</em> Paris: J. Collombat, 1742.", "page_number": "cat. no. 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Locquin, Jean. <em>Catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'oeuvre de Jean-Baptiste Oudry: peintre du roi (1686-1755).</em> Paris: Jean Schemit, 1912.", "page_number": "no. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e de l'Orangerie.<em> Le cabinet de l'amateur, organise\u0301 par la Socie\u0301te\u0301 des amis du Louvre en souvenir de Monsieur A.-S. Henraux, son pre\u0301sident 1932-1953 [exposition] fe\u0301vrier - avril 1956</em>. [Paris]: E\u0301ditions des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1956.", "page_number": "cat. no. 81", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galerie Charpentier.<em> Tableaux anciens, dessins, aquarelles, gouaches, pastel; portrait de Gluck par J.S. Duplessis; orfe\u0300vrerie e\u0301gyptienne; rares gobelets d'or d'Egypte, XVIIIe dynastie; objets d'art de haute e\u0301poque.</em> 1958.", "page_number": "no. 64,  illus. pl. XI", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fare\u0301, Michel.<em> La nature morte en France; son historie et son e\u0301volutuion du XVIIe au XXe sie\u0300cle.</em> Gene\u0300ve: P. Gailler, 1962.", "page_number": "I, 142, 213", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e Gallie\u0301ra, and E\u0301tienne Ader. <em>Tableaux anciens, objets d'art et de bel ameublement principalement du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle, bronzes, sculptures, glaces, paravent, sie\u0300ges et meubles estampille\u0301s des mai\u0302tres e\u0301be\u0301nistes, tapisseries anciennes, tapis de la Savonnerie, tapis Hispano-Portugais, tapis d'Orient.</em> Paris: Palais Galliera, 1963.", "page_number": "no. 200", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Acade\u0301mie royale de peinture et de sculpture (France), and L. Dussieux.<em> Me\u0301moires ine\u0301dits sur la vie et les ouvrages des membres de l'Acade\u0301mie royale de peinture et de sculpture</em>. Paris: F. de Nobele, 1968.", "page_number": "II, 388", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Extrait de la Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em>, no. 1213 (Feb).", "page_number": "p. 70, no. 323.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1969.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 1 (1970).", "page_number": "pp. 18, 48, no. 146", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152307"}, {"citation": "Davidson, Ruth, \"Museum Accessions,\" <em>Antiques</em>, (November 1970).", "page_number": "p. 705, repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lanes, Jerold, ed., \"Recent Accessions of American and Canadian Museums\", <em>The Art Quarterly</em>, vol. XXXIII, no. 3 (Autumn, 1970).", "page_number": "p. 323", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cJean-Baptiste Oudry: Hare and Leg of Lamb.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 5 (1970).", "page_number": "pp. 149-59", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152331"}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol C. \u201cJean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin: Still Life with Herring.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 9 (1974).", "page_number": "pp. 309, 313, n. 1, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152549"}, {"citation": "Fare\u0301, Michel, and Fabrice Fare\u0301.<em> La vie silencieuse en France: la nature morte au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle.</em> Fribourg: Office du Livre, 1976.", "page_number": "pp. 121, 125", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Opperman, Hal N. <em>Jean-Baptiste Oudry</em>. New York: Garland Pub, 1977.", "page_number": "I, 120, 189, 552, no. P509, and II, 839, 945, 1116, fig. 288", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n198"}, {"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P., and William S. Talbot. C<em>hardin and the Still-Life Tradition in France.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "cat. no. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dunow, Esti. <em>Chaim Soutine, 1893-1943</em>. 1981.", "page_number": "fig. 139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106; Mentioned: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Opperman, Hal, and Jean-Baptiste Oudry.<em> J.-B. Oudry, 1686-1755: [Exhibition Catalog]</em>. 1983.", "page_number": "pp. 206-7, cat. no. 77", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Exposition J.B Oudry, Grand Palais,...: <em>Kunstchronik</em>, v. 36, no. 2, (Feb. 1983).", "page_number": "p. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Opperman, Hal, \"J-B. Oudry:Partridge and Young Rabbit Hung by the Feet,\" <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin</em>, Vol. XLII, no. 2, (1987-88).", "page_number": "fig. 6, p. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Musee du Louvre, Department des peintures. <em>Nouvelles Acquisitions du Department des Peintures (1987-1990)</em>, Paris:Editions de la Reunion des Musees Nationaux, (1991).", "page_number": "p. 118", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ebert-Schifferer, S., and Russell Stockman. <em>Still life: a history.</em> New York: Abrams, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 248 (repr.), 249, 250, fig. 181", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Melville, Stephen W. <em>The Lure of the Object</em>. Williamstown, Mass: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2005.", "page_number": "fig. 9, pg. 170", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lippincott, Louise, and Andreas Blu\u0308hm. <em>Fierce Friends: Artists and Animals, 1750-1900</em>. London: Merrell, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Daverio, Philippe. <em>The ideal museum: an art lover's dream collection.</em> New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 64-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa. <em>The Painter's Touch: Boucher, Chardin, Fragonard.</em> <br>Princeton : Princeton University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 111-115; Reproduced: p. 112, 115", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.53", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.53/1969.53_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "333936", "filename": "1969.53_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.53/1969.53_print.jpg", "width": "2557", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5125258", "filename": "1969.53_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.53/1969.53_full.tif", "width": "4137", "height": "5500", "filesize": "68290944", "filename": "1969.53_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.53/1969.53_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "893", "filesize": "93217"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.53/1969.53_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2653", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1507398"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.53/1969.53_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3112", "height": "3988", "filesize": "37267732"}, "date_created": "2013-07-22T13:20:02", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144743, "creators": [{"id": 1949, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Oudry (French, 1686\u20131755)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1686", "death_year": "1755", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1742, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1742", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:26:21.228000"}, {"id": 153765, "accession_number": "1987.62", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Commemorative figure (lefem), mid-1800s\u20131910. Probably carved by Ateu Atsa (Bangwa, c. 1840\u20131910). Wood; overall: 92.1 x 20.3 cm (36 1/4 x 8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1987.62", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Commemorative figure (lefem)", "creation_date": "mid-1800s\u20131910", "creation_date_earliest": 1850, "creation_date_latest": 1910, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Cameroon, Bangwa Kingdom"], "technique": "wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 92.1 x 20.3 cm (36 1/4 x 8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.921, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.203, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1987</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 207389, "title": "Heroic Africans: Legendary Leaders, Iconic Sculptures", "description": "<i>Heroic Africans: Legendary Leaders, Iconic Sculptures</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 21, 2011-January 29, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-09-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 287107, "title": "African Master Carvers: Known and Famous", "description": "<i>African Master Carvers: Known and Famous</i>. 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New York, NY (October 24\u2013December 6, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-12-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "probably Ateu Atsa, Cameroon", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Charles Ratton, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131987", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Henri Kamer", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Cited in caption for figure 5, Harter 1990</div>"], "date": "?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Pace Primitive and Ancient Art, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art by purchase 1987", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ateu Atsa was both a famous and infamous artist! It is said that he enraged a ruler by portraying him realistically rather than in an idealized way, and was chased out of town after the sculpture was revealed.", "description": "Carved during their subject's lifetime, such idealized portraits function as their living stand-ins or intermediaries. Adorned with royal attire consisting of a bristled cloth cap, beaded necklace, pleated loincloth, drinking horn, and now-broken pipe, this figure was carved as a commemorative portrait of a historical king or high dignitary. It was kept by a secret association called <em>Lefem</em>, whose members gathered weekly in a sacred space in the forest to discuss matters related to the kingdom's welfare. Placed in a royal shrine, the figure witnessed sacrifices made to the skulls of the chief\u2019s ancestors. Meant to safeguard the kingdom and protect the fecundity of its inhabitants, it was also exhibited during funerals and royal ceremonies.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79940023"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.62-commemorative-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 30, p. 90 - 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lintig, Bettina von. 2014. \u201cA Grasslands Beaded Leopard Skin.\u201d <em>Tribal Art: Quarterly Journal of the Art Culture and History of Traditional Peoples and New World Civilizations</em> 18 (3) No. 72 Summer 2014 Pp 108-117.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "New Orleans Museum of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Field Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, and National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). 1984. <em>The Art of Cameroon</em>. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, cat. no. 7, pp. 86-87.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Henry John Drewal. 1989. <em>African Art : A Brief Guide to the Collection : The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Museum, fig. 18.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "CMA Handbook, 1991b, p. 143.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "LaGamma, Alisa, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and Museum Rietberg. 2011. <em>Heroic Africans : Legendary Leaders, Iconic Sculptures</em>. New York, New Haven Conn: Metropolitan Museum of Art ; Distributed by Yale University Press, fig. 18, p. 130.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1987.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 2 (February 1988): 30\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60; Mentioned: p. 70, no. 180", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160017"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lintig, Bettina von. \"From Fontem to Berlin: The Long Journey of a Bangwa Lefem Staff.\" Tribal Art 19, no. 3 (Summer 2015): 130-135.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harter, Pierre. \u201cRoyal Commemorative Figures in the Cameroon Grasslands: Ateu Atsa, a Bangwa Artist.\u201d African Arts 23, no. 4 (1990): 70\u201396. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336946.", "page_number": "figure 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.62", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.62/1987.62_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "893", "filesize": "265074", "filename": "1987.62_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.62/1987.62_print.jpg", "width": "2216", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3760193", "filename": "1987.62_print.jpg"}, "full": 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Allen Fund, 1935.146", "current_location": "243 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Buddha Calling on Earth to Witness", "creation_date": "800s", "creation_date_earliest": 800, "creation_date_latest": 899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northeastern India, Bihar, Tetravan, Pala Period (750-1197)"], "technique": "chloritic schist", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 94 cm (37 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.94, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Ye dharm\u0101 hetu prabhav\u0101 tes\u0101 hetu tath\u0101gata hya vadat...", "inscription_translation": "The Sanskrit inscription on lotus petals is a common Buddhist creed: \"Of all dispositions proceeding from a cause, the Tathagata has explained the cause\u2026\u201d", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311956, "title": "India's Art", "description": "<i>India's Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 2, 1949-January 22, 1950).", "opening_date": "1949-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309885, "title": "Sacred India", "description": "<i>Sacred India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1985-January 12, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Buddhist Art. Detroit Institute of Arts, Twenty-Fourth Loan Exhibition, October, 1942</em>. Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-10-01T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1935", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The donors kneel at the lower corners.", "description": "This sculpture is one of a series that depict the Buddha at different scenes in his life. Here, he is at Bodhgaya, the place where he achieved enlightenment. At the top of the composition are the branches of the ficus tree with its heart-shaped leaves, under which he achieved enlightenment. His hand gesture indicates that he is calling upon the goddess of the earth to witness the moment. During the Pala period of the eighth through 12th centuries in medieval India, Buddhism dominated and flourished in major monastic universities. After the fall of the Pala dynasty, the numerous battles between small kingdoms vying for power caused the destruction of the Buddhist monasteries, and Buddhist monks fled with texts and movable art to Nepal, Tibet, and Southeast Asia, so that by the 14th century, Buddhism was eradicated in India.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749921"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.146-buddha-calling-on-ea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Eastman, Alvan C. <em>Catalog of the Heeramaneck Collection of Early Indian Sculptures, Paintings, Bronzes and Textiles</em>. New York: Heeramaneck Galleries, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 14, pp. 10 and 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard C. \"An Indian Buddhist Stele.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 24, no. 9 (1937): 135-37.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 135\u2013137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137872"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Buddhist Art. Detroit Institute of Arts, Twenty-Fourth Loan Exhibition, October, 1942</em>. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 19, p. 23; Reproduced: cat. no. 19, p. 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 753", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n136"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n256"}, {"citation": "Marcus, Margaret F. \u201cSculptures from Bihar and Bengal.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 54, no. 8, 1967, pp. 240\u2013262.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 246, fig. 5; Reproduced: pp. 247, 261", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152173"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n256"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 294", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n314"}, {"citation": "Bly, Linda. <em>An Important 12th Century Tibetan Thanka in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: illustration 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Connell, Timothy C., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. <em>World Art Transparencies</em>. Cincinnati: West Educational Pub, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Acetate 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fichner-Rathus, Lois. <em>Understanding Art</em>. Fifth edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 18- 29, p. 486", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 136-137", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fichner-Rathus, Lois. <em>Understanding Art</em>. Sixth edition. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 20-28, p. 550", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.146", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_web.jpg", "width": "593", "height": "893", "filesize": "332484", "filename": "1935.146_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_print.jpg", "width": "2258", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4437072", "filename": "1935.146_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_full.tif", "width": "3320", "height": "5000", "filesize": "49830732", "filename": "1935.146_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "741241"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "4647140"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3333", "filesize": "50027664"}, "date_created": "2006-03-27T18:17:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "639", "filesize": "656406"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1720", "filesize": "4347360"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "3108", "filesize": "57318208"}, "date_created": "2006-03-27T18:32:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "907880"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "6157174"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt2_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2006-03-27T18:39:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "858106"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "5593321"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3333", "filesize": "50027816"}, "date_created": "2006-03-27T18:47:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "722409"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "4128489"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.146/1935.146_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3333", "filesize": "50027812"}, "date_created": "2006-03-27T19:10:54", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "e33fc223cece454bb85f7c8756c3ac37", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/e33fc223cece454bb85f7c8756c3ac37", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114974, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:43.804000"}, {"id": 168322, "accession_number": "2010.154", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Icon of the Mother of God and Infant Christ (Virgin Eleousa), c. 1425\u201350. Attributed to Angelos Akotantos (Cretan, died 1450). Tempera and gold on wood; unframed: 96 x 70 cm (37 13/16 x 27 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.154", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Icon of the Mother of God and Infant Christ (Virgin Eleousa)", "creation_date": "c. 1425\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1420, "creation_date_latest": 1455, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Republic of Venice, Kingdom of Candia, Candia (Heraklion, Crete, Greece) or Byzantine Empire, Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey)"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 96 x 70 cm (37 13/16 x 27 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.96, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.7, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "None visible on obverse; unidentified inscriptions on reverse", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 521317, "title": "Africa & Byzantium", "description": "<i>Africa & Byzantium</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (April 14-July 21, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-11-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Antonio de Crescenzo and Co., Rome, March 15, 1989]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Private collection, Rome, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989-2010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is the only known work by Angelos Akotantos in the United States.", "description": "This large icon of a tender embrace between the Virgin Mary and Christ likely hung on a Greek Orthodox church\u2019s iconostasis, a screen separating the congregation from the altar-containing sanctuary, which only clergy could enter. A skilled painter of faces and draperies, Angelos Akotantos was among Crete\u2019s most sought-after artists. Based in Byzantium\u2019s artistic center in his hometown of Candia, he painted for imperial clients and beyond. Despite theological differences, Cretan icons of Mary were popular in Ethiopia. In the early 1500s, Emperor Lebna Dengel sent monks Zekre and Pawli to acquire Cretan icons for him. Twenty-nine Cretan icons are still venerated (honored) in Ethiopian churches.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480592"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.154-icon-of-the-mother-o"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Auction Catalogue of Antonio de Crescenzo and Co., Via Virginio Orsini, Rome, Sale March 15, 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Baltoyanni, Chrysanthi. <em>Icons: Mother of God. </em>Athens: Adam Editions, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \"Cleveland Museum of Art Announces Newest Acquisitions,\" September 7, 2010, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4979"}, {"citation": "Mann, C. Griffith. \"Acquisitions 2010.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 51, no. 2 (March/April 2011): 10-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2011-02/page/10/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Dean Yoder. \"The Virgin Eleousa.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 1 (January/February 2012): 10-13.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 10-13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-01/page/10/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 53 no. 05, September/October 2013", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-05/page/12"}, {"citation": "Prolovic\u0301, Jadranka. <em>Resava (Manasija): Geschichte, Architketur und Malerei einer Stiftung des serbischen Despoten Stefan Lazarevic\u0301.</em> 2017. p. 713", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 713, Abb. 361", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Performing Arts: Antennae. Aleksandra Vrebalov's Byzantine-inspired music resonates like a human tuning fork.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 2 (March/April 2020): 36-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 37; Mentioned: P. 36, 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Liebert, Emily, Nadiah Fellah, and William Griswold. <em>Picturing Motherhood Now.</em> Cleveland : Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: P. 10-11, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Motherhood across Time</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 262", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina, and Stephen N. Fliegel. Collectors, Commissioners, Curators: Studies in Medieval Art for Stephen N. Fliegel. Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter ; [Kalamazoo, Michigan] : Medieval Institute Publications, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 4-5, Fig. 0.2.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.154", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "900", "filesize": "259013", "filename": "2010.154_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_print.jpg", "width": "2488", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3175559", "filename": "2010.154_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_full.tif", "width": "8976", "height": "12267", "filesize": "330356100", "filename": "2010.154_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "129434"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1619930"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99904944"}, "date_created": "2011-12-16T19:11:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "641", "height": "893", "filesize": "127853"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2441", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2035647"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4640", "height": "6461", "filesize": "89961904"}, "date_created": "2011-12-16T19:41:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "631", "filesize": "165470"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1699", "filesize": "1340382"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6297", "height": "3148", "filesize": "59492860"}, "date_created": "2011-12-16T19:50:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "588", "filesize": "265920"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1582", "filesize": "1661299"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4215", "height": "1962", "filesize": "24833524"}, "date_created": "2011-12-16T20:00:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "893", "filesize": "240950"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2788", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2280796"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1409", "height": "1718", "filesize": "7287320"}, "date_created": "2011-12-16T20:00:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "731", "height": "893", "filesize": "184089"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2783", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1627534"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt5_full.tif", "width": "1428", "height": "1744", "filesize": "7495008"}, "date_created": "2011-12-16T20:10:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "893", "filesize": "475484"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2541", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6428650"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4519", "height": "6046", "filesize": "81999232"}, "date_created": "2010-08-19T18:39:11", "annotation": "Before treatment, 2011"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "893", "filesize": "486938"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "2538", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7317917"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.154/2010.154_alt7_full.tif", "width": "4528", "height": "6064", "filesize": "82405744"}, "date_created": "2010-08-19T19:11:45", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "d303e34622fc4e7daf2d7198bfbb182e", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/d303e34622fc4e7daf2d7198bfbb182e", "gallery_donor_text": "The Robert P. Bergman Memorial Gallery", "athena_id": 168322, "creators": [{"id": 59748, "description": "Angelos Akotantos (Cretan, died 1450)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1450", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1420, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1425\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "Materials and techniques used to create this icon are consistent with other icons attributed to Angelos Akotantos. In this case, three planks of wood were affixed together with long iron spikes. The X-ray reveals that two iron spikes, driven through the right plank, were removed during a previous intervention, leaving only the tips of each spike lodged within the central plank. Wide strips of an open-weave canvas were applied over the wood joins to prevent cracking of the subsequent applications of gesso, egg tempera, and gold leaf. A thick gesso layer, composed of gypsum and animal glue, was then applied over top of the wood panel and strips of canvas. Before the application of the egg tempera and gold leaf, fine incised lines were cut into the gesso layer as guides for the initial placement of the Virgin Eleousa and infant Christ. Further refinement to the faces, hands, and draperies was executed with fine painted lines, visible in the infrared reflectogram (IRR). Next, thin layers of red bole (red clay bound in hide glue) were applied to the gesso around the figures. Gold was then applied to the bole with water gilding. Next, egg tempera paint was applied over the drawing with traditional layering techniques, using fine strokes to create volume and shading. Finally, gold leaf embellishments to the clothing of the Virgin Eleousa and infant Christ were applied with a mordant (oil) gilding technique. The original format was most likely rectangular. Approximately 8 centimeters have been trimmed from the outside edge of the left plank, possibly to cut away damage from worm tunneling. The arch shape of the upper right appears to have been intentionally trimmed, possibly to fit into a curved niche. Immediately after the acquisition in 2010, the icon underwent a yearlong technical study and conservation treatment to stabilize the gesso and paint layers and to remove areas of discolored retouching and regilding over the gold background. A vertical buckle in the original canvas was reattached to the wood substrate. Areas of loss in the ground and paint layers were filled and leveled with a gypsum and calcium carbonate mixture, formulated to be compatible with physical and chemical properties of the original gesso. After filling, losses in the paint layer were inpainted (retouched) with powdered pigments ground in aldehyde resin, using a technique in which fine vertical lines are used to create a chromatic vibration. A final natural resin varnish (dammar) was thinly applied only over painted areas, leaving the gold unvarnished. Worn passages of the gold background were inpainted with powdered pigments in aldehyde resin with the addition of gold powder.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:33.938000"}, {"id": 172954, "accession_number": "1931.2647", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Hills, South Truro, 1930. Edward Hopper (American, 1882\u20131967). Oil on canvas; framed: 83 x 123.5 x 6.5 cm (32 11/16 x 48 5/8 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 69.5 x 109.5 cm (27 3/8 x 43 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1931.2647. \u00a9  Heirs of Josephine N. Hopper / Licensed by Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "Hills, South Truro", "creation_date": "1930", "creation_date_earliest": 1930, "creation_date_latest": 1930, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 83 x 123.5 x 6.5 cm (32 11/16 x 48 5/8 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 69.5 x 109.5 cm (27 3/8 x 43 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.83, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 1.235, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.695, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.095, "width_inch": 43, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Heirs of Josephine N. Hopper / Licensed by Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  EDWARD HOPPER", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 360881, "title": "An Exhibition of Paintings, Water Colors, and Etchings by Edward Hopper", "description": "<i>An Exhibition of Paintings, Water Colors, and Etchings by Edward Hopper</i>. Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (organizer) (March 11-April 25, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-03-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310299, "title": "Reckoning with Winslow Homer: His Late Works and Their Influence", "description": "<i>Reckoning with Winslow Homer: His Late Works and Their Influence</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-November 25, 1990); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (December 16, 1990-February 10, 1991); Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (March 16-May 12, 1991).", "opening_date": "1990-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441857, "title": "The Truth of the Real, Edward Hopper and Photography", "description": "<i>The Truth of the Real, Edward Hopper and Photography</i>. Museum Folkwang, 45128 Essen, Germany (organizer) (June 28-September 27, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-06-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 227084, "title": "Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (organizer) (October 5-December 31, 2001); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (January 17-March 31, 2002); Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (April 10-June 25, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229563, "title": "Edward Hopper Retrospective", "description": "<i>Edward Hopper Retrospective</i>. Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (May 27-September 5, 2004); Museum Ludwig,  K\u00f6ln, Germany (October 9, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177342, "title": "Edward Hopper", "description": "<i>Edward Hopper</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (May 6-August 19, 2007); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (September 16, 2007-January 21, 2008); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 16-May 11, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 396894, "title": "Train Zug Treno Tren. Voyages imaginaires", "description": "<i>Train Zug Treno Tren. Voyages imaginaires</i>. Plateforme 10 /Mus\u00e9e cantonal des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne, Switzerland (organizer) (June 17-September 25, 2022) https://www.mcba.ch/en/exhibitions/voyages-imaginaires/#description.", "opening_date": "2022-06-17T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Eleventh Exhibition of Contemporary American Oils. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 12-July 12, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-06-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Edward Hopper: Retrospective Exhibition. </em>The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (November 1-December 7, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-11-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibitions of Painting by Edward Hopper. </em>The Arts Club of Chicago, Chicago, IL (January 2-January 16, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-01-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>An American Show: The Cincinnati Art Museum Presents a Selection of Paintings by Six Living American Artists: Louis Bouche, Edward Hopper, Walt Kuhn, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, John Marin, Max Weber. </em>The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (October 1-November 5, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Edward Hopper: Retrospective Exhibition. </em>Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (February 11-March 26, 1950); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (April 13-May 14, 1950); Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (June 4-July 2, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Five Painters of America: Louis Bouch\u00e9, Edward Hopper, Ben Shahn, Charles Sheeler, Andrew Wyeth. </em>Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (February 17-April 3, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-02-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Works of Hopper and Corbino. </em>Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI (March 7-March 28, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Living New England Artists Associated with the New England Coast. </em>Currier Gallery of Art, Manchester, NH (July 18-September 2, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-07-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Sesquicentennial Celebration. </em>Miami University, Miami, OH (May 15-June 15, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-05-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Landscape, 1760-1960</em>. Flint Institute of Arts, Flint, MI (March 3-April 3, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Retrospective Exhibition of Oils and Watercolors by Edward Hopper. </em>The University of Arizona Art Gallery, Tucson, AZ (April 20-May 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-04-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Edward Hopper</em>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (September 29-November 29, 1964); The Art Institute of Chicago (December 18, 1964-January 31, 1965); Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit, MA (February 18-March 21, 1965); City Art Museum of St. Louis, St. Louis, MO (April 7-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-09-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>America, ca. 1930. </em>The Ohio State University School of Art Gallery, Columbus, OH (October 13-October 31, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Edward Hopper und die Fotografie. </em>Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany (June 28-September 27, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-06-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>CMA Highlights. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Icons: American Masterworks from the 1930s. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 1-June 1, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Hopper Drawing. </em>Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (May 23-October 6, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-05-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Rehn Gallery, New York, 1931).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2585.1931", "2647.1931"], "did_you_know": "Hopper loved this area of Cape Cod so much that he later built his home there.", "description": "A deeply reserved individual and intensely independent artist, Hopper sought to capture, in his words, \"the sad desolation\" of America. His works\u2014including this Cape Cod landscape of a lone house next to a railroad track amid a backdrop of rolling hills\u2014typically inject mundane scenes with a profound sense of solitude. The painter Charles Burchfield once described Hopper\u2019s art as \"silent poetry.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230202"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pe\u0300ne du Bois, Guy. <em>Edward Hopper</em>. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10-11; Reproduced: fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Eleventh Exhibition of Contemporary American Oils.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 18, no. 6 (June 1931).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 111; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Grace. \"Oil Painting Exhibition at Art Museum Represents Current American Trends.\" <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer, </em>June 14, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Grace. \"Concerning Landscapes in Exhibit.\" <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer, </em>June 28, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Grace. \"Interest in Prints Grows at the Museum of Art Among Cleveland Residents.\" <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer, </em>July 12, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frary, JT. \"Oils Lead Water Colors in 'Area' at Art Museum\". <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer, </em>August 9, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. \"A New England Landscape by Edward Hopper.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>19, no. 6 (February 1932).", "page_number": "Mentioned: 22-23; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Museum Accessions.\" <em>The American Magazine of Art </em>24, no. 3 (March 1932).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 224", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art. <em>Edward Hopper: Retrospective Exhibition, November 1-December 7, 1933</em>. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1933.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sherburne, E. C. \"The Hopper Exhibition.\" <em>Christian Science Monitor</em>, November 6, 1933.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arts Club of Chicago. <em>Paintings by Edward Hopper: Arts Club of Chicago, January Second to Sixteenth, Nineteen Hundred Thirty-Four</em>. Chicago: The Club, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Hills, South Truro.\" <em>The Christian Science Monitor, </em>April 6, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Printed by the Artcraft Printing, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27, no. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hopper, Edward. <em>Edward Hopper</em>. New York: American Artists Group, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bouche\u0301, Louis, Edward Hopper, Walt Kuhn, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, John Marin, and Max Weber. <em>An American Show: The Cincinnati Art Museum Presents a Selection of Paintings by Six Living American Artists: Louis Bouche\u0301, Edward Hopper, Walt Kuhn, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, John Marin, Max Weber</em>. Cincinnati: Cincinnati Art Museum, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. <em>Edward Hopper Retrospective Exhibition</em>. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burchfield, Charles. \"Portrait of a Realist: Edward Hopper at Sixty-Seven.\" <em>Art News</em> (March 1950).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Worcester Art Museum. <em>Five Painters of America: A Loan Exhibition,</em> 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced n. 551", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n102"}, {"citation": "Flint Institute of Arts. <em>American Landscape, 1760-1960</em>. Flint, MI: The Institute, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": null}, {"citation": "University of Arizona. <em>The University of Arizona Art Gallery Presents a Retrospective Exhibition of Oils and Watercolors by Edward Hopper, April 20-May 19, 1963</em>. Tucson: University of Arizona, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35; Reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. <em>Edward Hopper, Exhibition and Catalogue</em>. Tucson: University of Arizona, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38, 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n216"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n216"}, {"citation": "Gillies, Jean. \"The Timeless Space of Edward Hopper.\" <em>Art Journal</em> 31, no. 4 (Summer 1972).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 411-412; Reproduced: p. 411", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 17; Reproduced p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heller, Nancy, and Julia Williams. <em>The Regionalists</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications,1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"American Landscapes...Scenes as Divergent as the Land Itself.\" <em>Arts and Activities </em>82, no. 4 (December 1977).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 6; Reproduced p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 238", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n258"}, {"citation": "Billeter, Erika. \"Edward Hopper und die Amerikanische Szene.\" <em>Du, Die Kunstzeitschrift </em>4 (1980).", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levin, Gail. <em>Edward Hopper: The Art and the Artist. </em>New York; London: Norton in association with the Whitney Museum of American Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46-50, 61-64; Reproduced: p. 282", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. <em>Edward Hopper.</em> New York: Abradale Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89; Reproduced: p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd. <em>Edward Hopper</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 119-124; Reproduced: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. <em>Reckoning with Winslow Homer: His Late Paintings and their Influence</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 133; Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. \"Edward Hopper.\" In <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 170; Reproduced p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ko\u0308ltzsch, Georg-Wilhelm, and Gerd Blum. <em>Edward Hopper und die Fotografie: die Wahrheit des Sichtbaren: Museum Folkwang Essen, 28. Juni - 27. September 1992</em>. Ko\u0308ln: DuMont, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Little, Carl. <em>Edward Hopper's New England. </em>San Francisco: Pomegranate Artbooks, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 6, 13-15; Reproduced: fig. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levin, Gail. <em>Edward Hopper: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": null}, {"citation": "Costantino, Maria. <em>Edward Hopper</em>. New York: Barnes &amp; Noble, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levin, Gail. <em>Edward Hopper: An Intimate Biography</em>. New York: Knopf, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 230-234", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lyons, Deborah, and Brian O'Doherty. <em>Edward Hopper: A Journal of His Work</em>. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art in association with W.W. Norton &amp; Co, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 31, 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kranzfelder, Ivo, and Edward Hopper. <em>Edward Hopper, 1882-1967: Vision of Reality</em>. Ko\u0308ln: B. Taschen, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Patricia, and David Lyon. <em>Massachusetts: The Spirit of America</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22-23; Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chassey, E\u0301ric de. <em>Made in USA l'art ame\u0301ricain, 1908-1947. </em>Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Anfam, David, and Sheena Wagstaff. <em>Edward Hopper</em>. London: Tate Publishing, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 246; Reproduced: p. 158-159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M., \"World Travelers\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 01, January 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-01/page/8"}, {"citation": "Troyen, Carol, Judith A. Barter, Janet L. Comey, Elliot Bostwick Davis, and Ellen E. Roberts. <em>Edward Hopper</em>. Boston, MA: MFA Publications, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 147-155; Reproduced: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wells, Walter. <em>Silent Theater: The Art of Edward Hopper</em>. London: Phaidon Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.154; Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zezima, Katie. \"A Town Tries to Protect an Artist's Inspiration.\" <em>The New York Times, </em>September 19, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klinkenborg, Verlyn. \"The Hopper Landscape.\" <em>The New York Times, </em>September 26, 2007. <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/26/opinion/26weds4.html\">https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/26/opinion/26weds4.html</a>.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. A 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Simon, L. Marcia. Letter to the editor. <em>The New York Times, </em>October 2, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. A 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned : p. 136; Reproduced: 136-137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vincent, Marc. \"Essays Shed Light on Complex American Artist.\" <em>The Plain Dealer, </em>February 17, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. M5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Farre\u0301s, Ernest, and Lawrence Venuti. <em>Edward Hopper: Poems</em>. Saint Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 93, 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Little, Carl. <em>Edward Hopper's New England</em>. San Francisco: Pomegranate, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foster, Carter E., and Daniel S. Palmer. <em>Hopper Drawing</em>. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 180; Reproduced: p. 181", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.2647", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. Robert B. Benyo Trust Gallery", "athena_id": 172954, "creators": [{"id": 6568, "description": "Edward Hopper (American, 1882\u20131967)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1882", "death_year": "1967", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-06-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1930, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1930", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:37.701000"}, {"id": 149101, "accession_number": "1977.34", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Corner Railing Pillar with Drinking Scenes, Yakshis, and Musicians, 100s CE. India, Mathura, Kushan period. Red sandstone; overall: 80 x 22.9 x 24 cm (31 1/2 x 9 x 9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1977.34", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Corner Railing Pillar with Drinking Scenes, Yakshis, and Musicians", "creation_date": "100s CE", "creation_date_earliest": 100, "creation_date_latest": 199, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Mathura, Kushan period"], "technique": "red sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Mathura", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 80 x 22.9 x 24 cm (31 1/2 x 9 x 9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.8, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.229, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.24, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302666, "title": "Year in Review: 1977", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1977</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309889, "title": "Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India", "description": "<i>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (February 13-April 6, 1986); Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (May 13-July 13, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 412350, "title": "Buddha in India", "description": "<i>Buddha in India</i>. Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien (organizer) (April 2-July 16, 1995).", "opening_date": "1995-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Wiener Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131977", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1977\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The celestial musicians, who play a lyre, castanets, and a triangular harp, evoke bacchanalian connotations.", "description": "This pillar reflects the influence of Greco-Roman culture on Indian art and the influence of Gandharan styles and bacchanalian themes on the art of Mathura. The pillar depicts female figures who, seemingly intoxicated, play instruments and dance. Two additional scenes are carved on the base. First, a hunchbacked woman pours wine for an obese male fertility figure (<em>yaksha</em>). The second scene probably illustrates the story of the horse-headed yakshi who ate her victims.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79929951"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.34-corner-railing-pilla"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 289", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n309"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1977.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 65, no. 1, 1978, pp. 2\u201343.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 151, p. 43; Reproduced: no. 151, p. 30", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159560"}, {"citation": "Buren, Genevie\u0300ve de. <em>La chronique des arts: principales acquisitions des muse\u0301es en 1977</em>. Lausanne: Gazette des beaux-arts, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 178, p. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Annual Report for 1977.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 6 (1978): 177-215.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 191", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159587"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. \u201cThe Bacchants of Mathura: New Evidence of Dionysiac Yaksha Imagery from Kushan Mathura.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 69, no. 8, 1982, pp. 247\u2013257.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 247\u2013250", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159785"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 337, fig. 17", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris. <em>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 42, p. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 118-119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. \"A Quest for the Best: The Enduring Legacy of Sherman E. Lee,\" <em>Orientations</em> vol. 40, no. 5 (June 2009), pp. 35-40.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Peterson, Sara. <em>An Account of the Dionysiac Presence in Indian Art and Culture</em>. [unpublished manuscript] London, SOAS, 2011-2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. V, p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofstadter, Dan. \"Big Baby.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em>. February 2011, Vol. 34, Issue 2, pp. 64-73.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kim, Seungjung, \"The Beginnings of the East-West Dialogue: An Examination of Dionysiac Representations in Gandharan and Kushan-Mathuran Art.\" In <em>Beyond Boundaries: East and West Cross-Cultural Encounters</em>, pp. 16-34. Michelle Ying Ling Huang, editor. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1-1, p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 44-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L., Prudence Oliver Harper, and Pieter Meyers. <em>Arts of the Hellenized East: Precious Metalwork and Gems of the Pre-Islamic Era</em>. London : Thames &amp; Hudson Ltd, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1.8, p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bracey, Robert. \"Is It Appropriate To Ask a Celestial Lady's Age?\" In <em>Problems of Chronology in Gandha\u0304ran Art. International Workshop of the Gandha\u0304ra Connections Project, Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandha\u0304ra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017. </em>Wannaporn Rienjang, and Peter Stewart, eds., 135-147. Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd., 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 135-147; Reproduced: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sengupta, Arputha Rani. <em>Buddhist Jewels in Mortuary Cult: Magic Symbols.</em> Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. 1, p. 152, fig. 3.54, P. 164, fig. 3.70a Mentioned: Vol. 1, pp. 154-155, 163", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.34", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.34/1977.34_web.jpg", "width": "560", "height": "893", "filesize": "298825", "filename": "1977.34_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.34/1977.34_print.jpg", "width": "2132", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4336639", "filename": "1977.34_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.34/1977.34_full.tif", "width": "4009", "height": "6394", "filesize": "76931896", "filename": "1977.34_full.tif"}}, 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Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222514, "title": "Manet: Portraying Life", "description": "<i>Manet: Portraying Life</i>. The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (October 4, 2012-January 1, 2013); Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 26-April 14, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 214137, "title": "Degas, Impressionism & the Paris Millinery Trade", "description": "<i>Degas, Impressionism & the Paris Millinery Trade</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (February 12-May 7, 2017); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (June 24-September 24, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 295866, "title": "Edouard Manet", "description": "<i>Edouard Manet</i>. Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal, Germany (organizer) (October 24, 2017-February 25, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315395, "title": "The Impressionists and Photography", "description": "<i>The Impressionists and Photography</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (October 15, 2019-January 26, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 455282, "title": "Manet: A Model Family", "description": "<i>Manet: A Model Family</i>. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, MA (organizer) (October 10, 2024-January 20, 2025) https://www.gardnermuseum.org/calendar/manet-model-family.", "opening_date": "2024-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 668924, "title": "Manet & Morisot", "description": "<i>Manet & Morisot</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 11, 2025-February 15, 2026) https://www.famsf.org/exhibitions/manet-morisot; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (March 29-July 5, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-10-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "manchon, pr\u00eat\u00e9 par M. Balsan, Paris, France.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exposition d'art fran\u00e7ais du XIXe si\u00e8cle</em>. Galeries Paul Rosenberg, Paris, France (1917).", "opening_date": "1917-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Le d\u00e9cor de la vie sous le Second Empire.</em> Pavillon de Marsan, Palais du Louvre, Paris, France (1922).", "opening_date": "1922-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition d'oeuvres de Manet.</em>Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, France (1928).", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Quelques oeuvres importantes de Manet \u00e0 Van Gogh</em>. Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris, France. (1932).", "opening_date": "1932-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Manet 1832-1883</em>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (1932).", "opening_date": "1932-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>L'impressionnisme.</em> Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium (1935).", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Masters of French Nineteenth Century Painting</em>. New Burlington Galleries, London, United Kingdom (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Amsterdam, Stedelijk Museum. Honderd Jaar Fransche Kunst. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of Manet.</em> Wildenstein, New York, NY (1948).", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Summer Loan: group of fourteen Hanna paintings</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (June-September 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-06-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Artist's studio inventory, Paris, France, 1884", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1884", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Drouot, Paris, France, February, 1884, Artist's estate sale, sold back to Mrs. Manet)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1884", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mrs. Edouard Manet [1829-1906], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1884-1910", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "August Pellerin [1853-1929], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1910", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Jules Strauss [1863-1943], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1912", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Georges Petit, Paris, France, December 1932, lot 48, sold to Turner", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Turner, London, United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932-1935", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Jacques Balsan [1868-1956], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935-1947", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Mrs. Jules Balsan [1877-1964], New York, NY, November 1947, consigned to  Knoedler & Co. for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, November 1947, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1947", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. [1898-1957], Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1947-1958", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Manet kept this portrait of Morisot throughout his life, and it was listed in the inventory of his studio after his death.", "description": "This is one of two portraits Manet painted of Morisot dressed for winter in a heavy coat and feathered hat. (See <em>Berthe Morisot with a Half Veil</em>, also in this gallery.) Manet\u2019s wide brushstrokes and crosshatchings, which describe areas of shadow, evoke the sketchy quality of Morisot\u2019s own paintings, likely Manet\u2019s nod to his subject\u2019s identity as an artist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465125"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.34-berthe-morisot"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Duret, The\u0301odore, and J. E. Crawford Flitch.<em> Manet and the French Impressionists: Pissarro--Claude Monet--Sisley--Renoir--Berthe Morisot--Ce\u0301zanne--Guillaumin.</em> London: G. Richards; Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1910.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 226, no. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meier-Graefe, Julius. <em>Edouard Manet</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Piper, 1912.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blanche, Jacques-E\u0301mile, and Frederick C. de Sumichrast. <em>Manet</em>. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duret, The\u0301odore. <em>Histoire de E\u0301douard Manet et de Son Oeuvre: Avec un Catalogue des Peintures et des Pastels</em>. Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 250, no. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moreau-Ne\u0301laton, Etienne. Manet: Raconte\u0301 par Lui-me\u0302me. Paris: H. Laurens, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 109; reproduced: vol. 1, fig. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manet, E\u0301douard. <em>E. Manet: 24 Phototypies: notice de Florent Fels.</em> Paris: Librairie de France, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tabarant, A. <em>Manet: Histoire Catalographique</em>. Paris: E\u0301d. Montaigne, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192, no. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Colin, Paul. <em>E\u0301douard Manet</em>. Paris: Floury, 1932.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. XXXII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jamot, Paul, and Georges Wildenstein. <em>Manet.</em> Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 137, no. 154; reproduced: vol. 2, p. 65, fig. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Collection Jules Strauss.\" L'Art et les Artistes 26, no. 131 (November 1932): 71.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bataille, Marie-Louise. \"Die Auktion Jules Strauss.\" <em>Kunst und ku\u0308nstler </em>32 (1933): 74-75.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 74-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duret, The\u0301odore, and John Ernest Crawford Flitch. <em>Manet.</em> New York: Crown Publishers, 1937.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laver, James, Michel Sevier, and Alfred Flechtheim. <em>French Painting and the Nineteenth Century.</em> New York: Scribner's, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 64, no. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duca, Lo. \"L'Art Francese in the Mostre.\"<em> Emporium</em> 86 (1937): 517-540.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 533", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jedlicka, Gotthard.<em> E\u0301douard Manet. Mit 145 abbildungen</em>. Erlenbach-Zu\u0308rich: E. Rentsch, 1941.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp. p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Florisoone, Michel. <em>Manet.</em> Monaco: Documents d'art, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. XXV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tabarant, A. <em>Manet et Ses Oeuvres</em>. [Paris]: Gallimard, 1947.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144; mentioned: p.157-158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Louchheim, Aline B. \"Private Collectors: On Loan at the Metropolitan.\" <em>The New York Times </em>(July 17, 1949): 6x.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6x", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Impressionists and Symbolists: Manet, Degas, Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, Renoir, Cezanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec.</em> New York: Scribner, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18; reproduced: fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \u201cCleveland: Model Museum for a Modern Cosmopolis.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 57 (March 1958): 24\u201337.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>Art Quarterly</em> 21, no. 1 (Spring 1958): 83-104.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report of the Year 1958.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 46, no. 6 (June 1959): 111\u2013158.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142346"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. <em>Style, Truth, and the Portrait</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, E. B. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Guston.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 78 (December 1963): 481\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 484", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n196"}, {"citation": "Philadelphia Museum of Art, and Anne Coffin Hanson. <em>E\u0301douard Manet, 1832-1883. [Exhibition] Philadelphia Museum of Art, November 3-December 11, 1966; the Art Institute of Chicago, January 13-February 19, 1967</em>. 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 105, p. 121, 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aymar, Gordon Christian. <em>The Art of Portrait Painting; Portraits Through the Centuries As Seen Through the Eyes of a Practicing Portrait Painter.</em> Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 206, pl. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Orienti,Sandra, and Marcello Venturi. <em>L'Opera Pittorica di Edouard Manet</em>. Milano: Rizzoli, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 98, no. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neugass, Fritz. \"Manet-Ausstellung in den USA.\" <em>Die Weltkunst. The World-art Review </em>37 (15 January 1967): 50-51.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neilson, Winthrop, and Frances Fullerton Neilson. <em>Seven Women: Great Painters</em>. Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59-60; reproduced: pl. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bodelsen, Merete (Christensen). \u201cEarly Impressionist Sales 1874-94 in the Light of Some Unpublished \u2018Proc\u00e8s-Verbaux.\u2019\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 110 (February 1968): 330\u201349.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 343", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n196"}, {"citation": "Hess, Thomas B., and Linda Nochlin. \"Woman as Sex Object.\" <em>ARTnews Annual</em> 38 (1972): 84.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rouart, Denis, and Daniel Wildenstein. <em>E\u0301douard Manet: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. Lausanne: Bibliothe\u0300que des arts, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 1, p. 128-129, no. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hanson, Anne Coffin. <em>Manet and the Modern Tradition.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n231"}, {"citation": "Monneret, Sophie. <em>L'Impressionnisme et Son Epoque: Dictionnaire International Illustre\u0301</em>. Paris: Denoe\u0308l, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wentworth, Michael. <em>James Tissot: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of His Prints</em>. <br>Minneapolis, Minn.: Minneapolis Institute of Arts,1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145, fig. 31e", "url": null}, {"citation": "Holten, Ragnar von, and E\u0301douard Manet. <em>Manet i na\u0308rbild</em>. Stockholm: Nationalmuseum, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 63, p. 92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Keller, Horst. <em>Edouard Manet</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Bruckmann, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99, no. 73; mentioned: p. 173, no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise. <em>Manet.</em> [Paris]: Che\u0302ne, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151, no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Higonnet, Anne. <em>Berthe Moriso</em>t. New York, N.Y.: Harper &amp; Row, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Opfell, Olga S. <em>Special Visions: Profiles of Fifteen Women Artists from the Renaissance to the Present Day</em>. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brombert, Beth Archer.<em> Edouard Manet: Rebel in a Frock Coat.</em> Boston: Little, Brown, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 264; reproduced: fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ko\u0308rner, Hans. <em>Edouard Manet: Dandy, Flaneur, Maler.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: W. Fink, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136, fig. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shennan, Margaret. <em>Berthe Morisot, the First Lady of Impressionism</em>. Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Pub, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). <em>Maestros del impresionismo</em>. Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 96-97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). <em>Maestros del Impresionismo.</em> Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 96-97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnston, Sona.<em> Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</em>. New York, NY : Rizzoli, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169, cat. no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: Vol. 2, p. 408-410, no. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnston, Sona, Susan Bollendorf, and John House.<em> Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections. </em>[Baltimore, Md.]: Baltimore Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108-109, no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bray, Xavier, Bill Scott, and Juliet Wilson-Bareau. <em>Mujeres impresionistas: la otra mirada : Sala BBK, 12 de novembre de 2001-3 de febrero de 2002</em>. [Bilbao]: Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 3, p. 58-59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bray, Xavier, Bill Scott, and Juliet Wilson-Bareau. <em>Mujeres Impresionistas: la Otra Mirada : Sala BBK, 12 de novembre de 2001-3 de febrero de 2002. </em>[Bilbao]: Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 58-59, no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Locke, Nancy. <em>Manet and the Family Romance.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 148; Reproduced: p. 151, fig. 79", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Morisot, Berthe. <em>Berthe Morisot, 1841-1895: Lille, Palais des beaux-arts, 10 mars-9 juin 2002, Martigny, Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 20 juin-19 novembre 2002</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 162, p. 454-455", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Berthe Morisot, 1841-1895: Lille, Palais des beaux-arts, 10 mars-9 juin 2002, Martigny, Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 20 juin-19 novembre 2002</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 454-455, no. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stevens, Mary Anne. <em>Manet, Portraying Life</em>. Toledo: Toledo Museum of Art; London: Royal Academy of Arts; New York: Distributed in the United States and Canada by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101, no. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Simon, and Esther Bell. <em>Degas, Impressionism, and the Paris Millinery Trade.</em> San Francisco, CA: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco-Legion of Honor ; Munic ; DelMonico Books, an imprint of Prestel, a member of Verlagsgruppe Random House GmbH, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150-151, no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conzen, Ina. \"Die Flaneuse - Manets Bilder von Frauen.\" In <em>Edouard Manet. </em>Gerhard Finckh, ed., 41-49. Wuppertal: Von der Heydt-Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45, 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Diana Greenwald, ed. <em>Manet: A Model Family, </em>Boston, Princeton: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum; in association with Princeton University Press, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 182-185", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Beeny, Emily A. \"Manet &amp; Morisot.\" In <em>Manet &amp; Morisot</em>. Emily Beeny, Heather Lemonedes Brown, Anne Higonnet, Kimberly A. Jones, Nicole R. Myers, et al., 11-71. San Francisco, New Haven: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Yale University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 53; Reproduced: p. 98, no. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Patry, Sylvie. \"\"Marisot\" in 1874.\" In <em>Manet &amp; Morisot</em>. Emily Beeny, Heather Lemonedes Brown, Anne Higonnet, Kimberly A. Jones, Nicole R. Myers, et al., 11-71. San Francisco, New Haven: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Yale University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 193-194; Reproduced: p. 98, no. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pludermacher, Isolde. \"An Enigma in Painting: Manet's Portraits of Morisot.\" In <em>Manet &amp; Morisot</em>. Emily Beeny, Heather Lemonedes Brown, Anne Higonnet, Kimberly A. Jones, Nicole R. Myers, et al., 167-181. San Francisco, New Haven: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Yale University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 168-168, 171; Reproduced: p. 98, no. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brown, Heather Lemonedes. \"A Spring Exhibition Preview: Manet &amp; Monet.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 65, no. 4 (2025): 8.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2025-04"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.34", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "900", "filesize": "251668", "filename": "1958.34_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_print.jpg", "width": "2744", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4392059", "filename": "1958.34_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_full.tif", "width": "11668", "height": "14455", "filesize": "506012684", "filename": "1958.34_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "261293"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4259848"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "16000", "filesize": "576029560"}, "date_created": "2017-10-04T13:20:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "456987"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2741", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7138709"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.34/1958.34_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4031", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60495924"}, "date_created": "2006-04-06T16:22:38", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Kelvin and Eleanor Smith Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 135336, "creators": [{"id": 1796, "description": "\u00c9douard Manet (French, 1832\u20131883)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born into a wealthy family, \u00c9douard Manet was encouraged in his artistic curiosity by his uncle and often visited the Louvre with his college friend Antonin Proust. Initially, however, Manet wanted to pursue a naval career. It was not until he failed the entrance exams for the naval academy that he decided to pursue a career as an artist. In 1850 he entered the studio of Couture (q.v.), whose reputation had risen sharply after exhibiting his Romans of the Decadence (Salon 1847, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). Couture wanted to circumvent conventional academic training and combined traditional painting methods with new techniques-for example, allowing underpaint to form an intrinsic part of the final composition, which resulted in a sketchy appearance. Manet would absorb this technique into his work. He had no strict need to sell his artwork; rather, he longed for recognition as an artist. He responded to Charles Baudelaire's call to young artists to paint contemporary life rather than antiquity and take a distanced point of view, because, as Baudelaire stated in his article The Painter of Modern Life (published in Le Figaro, 1863), objectivity is more sincere and honest. In 1863 the Salon jury rejected more than half of the five thousand works submitted, including Manet's D\u00e9jeuner sur l'herbe (Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). In response to the conservative jury of that year, Napoleon III, in an effort to appease the artists as well as discourage antigovernment sentiment, organized the Salon des Refus\u00e9s, which took place in the Palais des Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es two weeks after the opening of the official Salon. The painting caused a formidable succ\u00e8s de scandale both for its technique and subject matter. The majority of the people failed to understand that the artist wanted to translate the conventions of the Old Masters into a new idiom that would reflect contemporary society. Two years later the scandal was repeated when Manet's Olympia (Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris) was accepted into the Salon of 1865. This time the jury was more lenient because fewer academicians were among its members. Even though his work often received severe criticism, Manet continued to submit works to the Salon, which he felt was the only legitimate place to compete and prove himself as an artist. At the time of the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1867, Manet, following Courbet's (q.v.) lead set in 1855, organized his own pavilion next to the Exposition where he showed more than fifty paintings. \u00c9mile Zola, the French writer and critic who may have collaborated with Manet in writing the preface for his one-man exhibition, recognized his talent and modernity. Zola rejected academic painting of the day, including Alexandre Cabanel's (1823-1889) The Birth of Venus (Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris), which not only won the gold medal at the Salon of 1863 but was purchased by Napoleon III. Zola vehemently defended Manet against harsh criticism and exalted him as the greatest painter of the nineteenth century. Manet painted a portrait of Zola (Salon 1868, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris) that reflected the artist's interest in Japanese prints as well as photography. By the 1870s Manet's palette had lightened and his brushwork became freer and more sketchy. These new features in his painting technique may have resulted from his contact with the younger impressionist group that began exhibiting as such in 1874. Although Manet was friendly with its members and sympathized with their goals, he never exhibited with them and continued to show his paintings at the official Salon. Manet was truly innovative in depicting subjects of urban life. However, during his lifetime he enjoyed little support, and it was not until the impressionists gained general recognition that Manet was acknowledged as a truly modern painter. Henri Matisse (1869-1954) would express his immense admiration for Manet as follows: \"He was the first to act by reflex, thus simplifying the painter's m\u00e9tier, . . . Manet was direct as could be.\"1 1. Matisse in L'Intransigeant (25 January 1932), cited in Manet 1832-1883, 18.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1832", "death_year": "1883", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1871, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1871\u201372", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-01 14:16:23.056000"}, {"id": 112876, "accession_number": "1931.462", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude, c. 1045. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core; overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1931.462", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude", "creation_date": "c. 1045", "creation_date_earliest": 1040, "creation_date_latest": 1050, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century"], "technique": "gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Romanesque", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.105, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.275, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.21, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "GERDRVDIS XPO FELIX VT | VIVAT IN IPSO OBTVLIT HVNC LAPIDEM GEMMIS | AVROQ NITENTEM", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "SIGISMVNDVS, CONSTANTIVS, SANCTA CRVX, SCA ELENA, SCA ADALHEIT", "inscription_translation": "Sigismund, Constantine, True Cross, Saint Helena, Saint Adelheid", "inscription_remark": "Short Side, Right of Front,", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 317631, "title": "Gold & Glory: Gifts for Eternity", "description": "<i>Gold & Glory: Gifts for Eternity</i>. Kunstmuseum Basel, Basel, Switzerland (October 11, 2019-January 19, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-10-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury, Cathedral of St. Blaise, Brunswick", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1045-?", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "House of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Goldschmidt Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1931", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 112021, "description": "Medallion with the Bust of Christ (\"The Cumberland Medallion\"), from the Guelph Treasure, late 700s. Germany, Weserraum, Migration period, late 8th century. Cloisonn\u00e9 enamel and gold on copper; diameter: 5.1 x 0.2 cm (2 x 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1930.504", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112022, "description": "Monstrance with the \"Paten of Saint Bernward\", c. 1180\u20131190. Saint Oswald Reliquary Workshop (German). Silver, gilded silver, niello, rock crystal; overall: 34.5 x 15.9 x 14 cm (13 9/16 x 6 1/4 x 5 1/2 in.); part 1: 13.5 cm (5 5/16 in.); part 2: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with additional gift from Mrs. R. Henry Norweb, 1930.505", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112316, "description": "Arm Reliquary of the Apostles, c. 1190. Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim, Romanesque period, late 12th century. Gilt silver, champlev\u00e9 enamel, oak; overall: 51 x 14 x 9.2 cm (20 1/16 x 5 1/2 x 3 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.739", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112318, "description": "The So-called Horn of Saint Blaise, 1100\u20131200. South Italy or Sicily, 12th century. Ivory; overall: 12 cm (4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.740", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112958, "description": "Ceremonial Cross of Countess Gertrude, 1038 or shortly after. Germany, Lower Saxony?, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, intaglio gems, pearls, wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with the addition of a gift from Mrs. Edward B. Greene 1931.55", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112971, "description": "Monstrance with a Relic of Saint Sebastian, 1484. Germany, Lower Saxony, Brunswick, Gothic period, 15th century. Gilded silver, rock crystal, bone, parchment; overall: 47 cm (18 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Julius F. Goldschmidt, Z. M. Hackenbroch, and J. Rosenbaum in memory of the Exhibition of the Guelph Treasure held in the Cleveland Museum of Art from 10 January to 1 February 1931, 1931.65", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112875, "description": "Ceremonial Cross of Count Liudolf, shortly after 1038. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel; intaglio gems; pearls; wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1931.461", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112318, "description": "The So-called Horn of Saint Blaise, 1100\u20131200. South Italy or Sicily, 12th century. Ivory; overall: 12 cm (4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.740", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "On the bottom of this altar is a trap door that opened to reveal small relics of saints wrapped in silk.", "description": "Commissioned by Countess Gertrude of Brunswick, this portable altar is one of the Guelph Treasure\u2019s earliest and most sumptuous objects. The choice of white-speckled porphyry as the altar stone signals Gertrude\u2019s worldly aspirations; an imperial color since classical antiquity, porphyry was only used by the imperial family. Historical figures of royal and imperial rank are depicted with Christ, the Virgin, apostles, and archangels along the altar\u2019s sides, stressing the countess\u2019s political ambitions and claim of imperial lineage for her own dynasty. The Latin inscription surrounding the altar stone reads, \"Gertrude offers to Christ, to live joyfully in him, this stone that glistens with gems and gold.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779219"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.462-portable-altar-of-co"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cThe Acquisition of Six Objects from the Guelph Treasure for the Cleveland Museum of Art: Foreword.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 9 (November 1930): 163\u2013165.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 163-165", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137331"}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cThe Acquisition of Six Objects from the Guelph Treasure for the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 9 (November 1930): 165\u2013178, 183.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 169-170; Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137332"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Gertrudis Altar and Two Crosses.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>18, no. 2 (February 1931).", "page_number": "pp. 31-33", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137357"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102; Mentioned: p. 105", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 226", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 95", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n31"}, {"citation": "Corbet, Patrick. \u201cL'autel portatif de la comtesse Gertrude de Braunschweig (vers 1040): Tradition royale de Bourgogne et conscience aristocratique dans l'Empire des Saliens.\u201d <em>Cahiers de Civilisation M\u00e9di\u00e9vale</em>, 34e ann\u00e9e (n\u00b0134), (1991).", "page_number": "pp. 97-120, fig 1-5 (pl. 1-2)", "url": "https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccmed_0007-9731_1991_num_34_134_2488"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n69"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n67"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n70"}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"The Sacral Treasure of the Guelphs.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 1 (1985).", "page_number": "pp. 30, 36-37, 39-40, 41, 43, 47, 67, 74, 117, 134-136, 139 no. 4, no. 22, figs. 38-39; color plates V-IX", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159893"}, {"citation": "Lasko, Peter. <em>Ars Sacra, 800-1200. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "pp. 135-137, 139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Luckhardt, Jochen, and Franz Niehoff. <em>Heinrich der Lo\u0308we und seine Zeit: Herrschaft und Repra\u0308sentation der Welfen 1125-1235</em> : Katalog der Ausstellung, Braunschweig 1995. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1995.", "page_number": "no. 120, p. 226; no. 121, p. 227; no. 386, p. 513", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boockmann, Andrea. <em>Die verlorenen Teile des 'Welfenscha\u0308tzes': eine U\u0308bersicht anhand des Reliquienverzeichnisses von 1482 der Stiftskirche St. Blasius in Braunschweig. </em>Go\u0308ttingen: Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, 1997.", "page_number": "pp. 30, 54, 56, 70, 75, 77, 101, 130f", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ehlers, Joachim, and Dietrich Ko\u0308tzsche. <em>Der Welfenschatz und sein Umkreis.</em> Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 55; abb. 6, p. 56; abb. 5, p. 56; abb. 6, 56; abb. 7, p. 295.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Budde, Michael. <em>Altare portatile: Kompendium der Tragalta\u0308re des Mittelalters, 600-1600</em>. Mu\u0308nster/Westf: Werne a.d. Lippe, 1998.", "page_number": "Vol. I p 168; Vol. II pp 90-98", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Colloque international du Centre d'e\u0301tudes me\u0301die\u0301vales, Patrick Corbet, Monique Goullet, Dominique Iogna-Prat, Chantal Palluet, and Daniel Russo. <em>Ade\u0301lai\u0308de de Bourgogne: gene\u0300se et repre\u0301sentations d'une saintete\u0301 impe\u0301riale</em>. Paris: Editions de l'Universite\u0301 de Dijon, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 157, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Athanor</em> XVIII. Florida State University Department of Art History, vol. 18, (2000).", "page_number": "p. 15, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bru\u0308sch, Tania.<em> Die Brunonen, ihre Grafschaften und die sa\u0308chsische Geschichte: Herrschaftsbildung und Adelsbewusstsein im 11. Jahrhundert</em>. Husum: Matthiesen Verlag, 2000.", "page_number": "pp 88-92", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 19, p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Peter, Michael.<em> Der Gertrudistragaltar aus dem Welfenschatz: eine stilgeschichtliche</em> <em>Untersuchung</em>. Mainz: Von Zabern, 2001.", "page_number": "Fig. 1, 2, p. 22, Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7-17, pp. 22-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stiegemann, Christoph, and Hiltrud Westermann-Angerhausen. <em>Schatzkunst am Aufgang der Romanik: der Paderborner Dom-Tragaltar und sein Umkreis</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 82, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. T<em>he Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 114, repr. p. 115-116, no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 116-118, no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palazzo, Eric.<em> L'espace rituel et le sacre\u0301 dans le Christianisme: la liturgie de l'autel portatif dans l'Antiquite\u0301 et au Moyen A\u0302ge.</em> Turnhout: Brepols, 2008.", "page_number": "pp. 158, 163, 165-66, 179", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Resplendent Faith: Liturgical Treasuries of the Middle Ages. </em>Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "pp. 18, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klein, Holger A. \"Himmlische Schatze.\" <em>das munster</em> (Jan. 2010).", "page_number": "p. 376, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bagnoli, Martina. <em>Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 42, p.86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 88-89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hahn, Cynthia J. <em>Strange Beauty: Issues in the Making and Meaning of Reliquaries, 400-Circa 1204.</em> University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 97, fig. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Julia M. H. <em>Portable Christianity: Relics in the Medieval West (C. 700-1200).</em> Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 147, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, James, Lloyd De Beer, and Anna Harnden.<em> Matter of Faith: An Interdisciplinary Study of Relics and Relic Veneration in the Medieval Period</em>. 2014.", "page_number": "pp. 137-142", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 264-265", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gearhart, Heidi C. Theophilus and the Theory and Practice of Medieval Art. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: color plate 10; p. 109, fig, 24; p. 110, fig. 25: Mentioned: p. 111-113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>Worshiping in Place Through Art: The Hidden Gems of the Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, CMA Thinker on Medium, 2020.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/worshiping-in-place-through-art-the-hidden-gems-of-the-portable-altar-of-countess-gertrude-48f9457d9cc5"}, {"citation": "Garc\u00eda de Castro Vald\u00e9s, C\u00e9sar, and Gerardo Boto Varela. El Arca Santa de Oviedo: contexto de producci\u00f3n, iconograf\u00eda y significado. 2020, 124.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 124 and 298.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fehlmann, Marc, Michael Matzke and Sabine So\u0308ll-Tauchert. <em>Gold &amp; Ruhm: Kunst und Macht unter Kaiser Heinrich II</em>. 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Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 41.5 x 36 x 18.5 cm (16 5/16 x 14 3/16 x 7 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.238", "current_location": "104 Late Antiquity", "title": "Jonah Cast Up", "creation_date": "280\u201390 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 280, "creation_date_latest": 290, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Early Christian", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41.5 x 36 x 18.5 cm (16 5/16 x 14 3/16 x 7 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.415, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.36, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.185, "depth_inch": 7, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222537, "title": "Byzantium, 330-1453", "description": "<i>Byzantium, 330-1453</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (October 25, 2008-March 22, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 309634, "title": "Medieval Monsters: Terrors, Aliens, Wonders", "description": "<i>Medieval Monsters: Terrors, Aliens, Wonders</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 7-October 6, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-07-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "According to William Wixom, one unconfirmed report tells us that the entire group (1965.237-1965.247) was found in a single, huge pithos or jar.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(J. J. Klejman, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1965", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 141651, "description": "The Good Shepherd, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 49.5 x 26 x 16.2 cm (19 1/2 x 10 1/4 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.241", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141650, "description": "Jonah Praying, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 47.5 x 14.8 x 20.3 cm (18 11/16 x 5 13/16 x 8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.240", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141645, "description": "Jonah Under the Gourd Vine, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 32.3 x 46.3 x 18 cm (12 11/16 x 18 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.239", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141643, "description": "Jonah Swallowed, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 50.4 x 15.5 x 26.9 cm (19 13/16 x 6 1/8 x 10 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.237", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The fearsome creature spitting Jonah out of its mouth is a creation of the artist's imagination derived from the ancient Greek <em>cetos</em>, a sea monster. Like other mythical beasts, such as the griffin and the sphinx, this monster combines elements of several different animals. Which ones do you see when looking at this fantastical creature?", "description": "After disobeying the Lord\u2019s command to proclaim judgment on the city of Nineveh, the Old Testament prophet Jonah was cast into the sea and swallowed by a sea monster. He spent three days praying inside the beast before being cast ashore. Here, the beast spits Jonah out of its mouth.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759371"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.238-jonah-cast-up"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Sculpture-Jonah and the Shepherd\" <em>Time</em> (September 21, 1966).", "page_number": "p. 56-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burton, Richard \"Fifty Years of the Cleveland Museum of Art: Some Golden Anniversary Acquisitions,\" <em>The Connoisseur</em> (October 1966).", "page_number": "p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"'Golden Anniversary' Acquisitions by the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 108, no. 764 (1966).", "page_number": "p. 579, fig. 53", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/875138"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, January-March, 1966\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> XXIX, no. 2 (1966).", "page_number": "p. 173, no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 5; Mentioned p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Ancient Art - Byzantine, Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, October - December, 1966\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> XXX (Spring 1967).", "page_number": "pp. 63 & 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Early Christian Sculptures at Cleveland.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 3 (1967).", "page_number": "pp. 67-88", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152146"}, {"citation": "MacKendrick, Paul Lachlan, and William L. Langer. <em>Western Civilization</em>. New York: American Heritage Pub. Co, 1968.", "page_number": "p. 314", "url": null}, {"citation": "Du Bourguet, Pierre.<em> Early Christian art.</em> New York: Reynal, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper, Barbara, and Maureen Matheson<em>. The World Museums Guide.</em> London: Threshold, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gough, Michael. <em>The Origins of Christian Art</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 38, pl 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt, and Margaret English Frazer. A<em>ge of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art Third to Seventh Century</em> ; Based on the Catalogue to the Exhibition \"Age of Spirituality\", Metropolitan Museum New York, 1977. [New York, NY]: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 406-411", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=efLuB7QPDm8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=cleveland&f=false"}, {"citation": "Kitzinger, Ernst.<em> Byzantine Art in the Making: Main Lines of Stylistic Development in Mediterranean Art, 3rd-7th Century. </em>Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 20-1, pls. 30, 32, 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kitzinger, Ernst, \"The Cleveland Marbles\".<em> I Monumenti Cristiani Preconstantiniani </em>(1978).", "page_number": "pp. 653-678", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vyverberg, Henry. <em>The Living Tradition: Art, Music, and Ideas in the Western World.</em> New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Margaret English Frazer, and Kurt Weitzmann.<em> Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art Third to Seventh Century.</em> New York: The Museum, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 407-411", "url": null}, {"citation": "Huxley, Francis. <em>The Dragon: Nature of Spirit, Spirit of Nature</em>. 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Abrams, 1989.", "page_number": "pp. 22-3, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vyverberg, Henry. <em>The Living Tradition: Art, Music, and Ideas in the Western World. </em>New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 117-8, fig. 5-4", "url": null}, {"citation": "McColl, Donald Alexander. <em>Early Christian Sculptures at Cleveland in Their Eastern Mediterranean Context</em>. 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Dresken-Weiland, Jutta. <em>Reliefierte Tischplatten aus theodosianischer Zeit.</em> Citta\u0300 del Vaticano: Pontificio Istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1991.", "page_number": "pp. 156, 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jordan-Ruwe, Martina, and U. Real.<em> Bild- und Formensprache der spa\u0308tantiken Kunst: Hugo Brandenburg zum 65. Geburtstag. </em>Mu\u0308nster: [e\u0301diteur non identifie\u0301], 1994.", "page_number": "pp. 187-201", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thiele, Carmela. <em>Skulptur</em>. Ko\u0308ln: DuMont, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 43, fig. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burt, J. R. F. <em>Ancestral Voices: Proceedings from the Conferences of the Pictish Arts Society, 1993-4</em>. 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New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cormack, Robin. <em>Byzantine Art.</em> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduction: P. 13, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>A Field Guide to Medieval Monsters</em>.Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bol, Peter, Carola Reinsberg, Renate Bol, D. Kreikenbom, Hans-Ulrich Cain, Heike Richter, and Britta O\u0308zen-Kleine. Plastik der ro\u0308mischen Kaiserzeit vom Regierungsantritt des Antoninus Pius bis zum Ende der Antike. Worms : Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbh, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 191, 193, 194; Reproduced: textabb. 101, p. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Karen. Porque me has visto has cre\u00eddo: el Nuevo Testamento en el arte. 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. II of color plate section.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Be\u0301thune, Sarah, and Paolo Tomassini. Fantastic beasts in antiquity: looking for the monster, discovering the human. 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; pp. 155-156, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hornik, Heidi J. \"Interpreting Select Early Sculptures Using Art-Historical Methodology.\" In <em>Early Christians and Their Art</em>, edited by Mikeal C. Parsons and Robin M. Jensen, 1-247. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 12, fig. 1.9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Collareta, Marco. Le Radici Dell\u2019arte Medievale : Dal Paleocristiano Al Romanico. Torino: Giulio Einaudi editore, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 103-104, Schede 3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.238", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.238/1965.238_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "262341", "filename": "1965.238_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.238/1965.238_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4460786", "filename": "1965.238_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.238/1965.238_full.tif", "width": "4250", "height": "5500", "filesize": "70156824", "filename": "1965.238_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.238/1965.238_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "277529"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.238/1965.238_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2628", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4558358"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.238/1965.238_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4157", "height": "5379", "filesize": "67113584"}, "date_created": "2008-04-16T15:57:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.238/1965.238_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "634", "height": "893", "filesize": "348215"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.238/1965.238_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2413", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5254445"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.238/1965.238_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3549", "height": "5000", "filesize": "53250908"}, "date_created": "2005-10-26T17:57:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141644, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-09-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 280, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "280\u201390 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:16:32.806000"}, {"id": 122979, "accession_number": "1943.246", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saluting Protective Spirit, 883\u2013859 BCE. Neo-Assyrian (911\u2013609 BCE), Iraq, Nimrud, Northwest Palace, reign of Ashurnasirpal II (883\u2013859 BCE). Gypsum; overall: 229.9 x 137 cm (90 1/2 x 53 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1943.246", "current_location": "102A Ancient Near East", "title": "Saluting Protective Spirit", "creation_date": "883\u2013859 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -883, "creation_date_latest": -859, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Neo-Assyrian (911\u2013609 BCE), Iraq, Nimrud, Northwest Palace, reign of Ashurnasirpal II (883\u2013859 BCE)"], "technique": "gypsum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Near Eastern Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 229.9 x 137 cm (90 1/2 x 53 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.299, "height_inch": 90, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.37, "width_inch": 53, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "(Property of) the palace of Assurnasirpal (II), vice-regent of Assur, chosen of Enlil and Ninurta, beloved of Anu and Dagan, destructive weapon of the great gods, strong king, king of the universe, king of Assyria, son of Tukulti-Ninurta (II), great king, strong king, king of the universe,  king of Assyria, son of Adad-nerari (II), great king, strong king, king of the universe, king of Assyria, valiant man who acts with the support of Assur, his lord, and has no rival among the princes of the four quarters, marvelous shepherd, fearless in battle, mighty flood-tide which has no opponent, the king who subdues those insubordinate to him, he who rules all peoples, strong male who treads upon the necks of his foes, trampler of all enemies, he who breaks up the forces of the rebellious, the king who acts with the support of the great gods, his lords, and has conquered all lands, over all the highlands has gained dominion and received their tribute, capturer of hostages, he who is victorious over all countries. When Assur, the lord who called me by name (and) made my sovereignty supreme, placed his merciless weapon in my lordly arms, the extensive troops of the Lullumu I felled in battle. With the help of the \u0160ama\u0161 and Adad, the gods my supporters, the troops of the lands Nairi, the land \u1e2aab\u1e2bu, the land \u0160ubaru, and the land Nibur, like Adad the devastator, I thundered over them. The king who subdued (the territory stretching) from the opposite bank of the Tigris to Mount Lebanon and the Great Sea, the entire land Laqu (and) the land Su\u1e2bu including the city Rapiqu. He conquered from the source of the river Subnat to the land Urartu. (The territory stretching) from the passes of mount Kirruri to the land Gilzanu, from the opposite bank of the Lower Zab  to the city Til Bari which is upstream from the land Zaban, from the city Til-\u0161a-Abt\u0101ni to the city Til-\u0161a-Zabd\u0101ni, the cities of \u1e2airimu, \u1e2aarutu, (which are) fortresses of Kardunia\u0161, I brought (those lands) within the boundaries of my land. I accounted (the people) from the passes of Mount Babitu to Mount \u1e2aaszmar as people of my land. In the lands over which I gained dominion I always appointed my governors. They entered servitude. Assurnasirpal (II), attentive prince, worshipper of the great gods, ferocious dragon, conqueror of cities and the entire highlands, king of lords, encircle  of the obstinate, crowned with splendor, fearless in battle, merciless hero, he who stirs up strife, praiseworthy king, shepherd, protection of the (four) quarters, the king whose command disintegrates mountains and seas, the one who by his lordly conflict has brought under one authority ferocious (and) merciless kings from east to west: The city of Kal\u1e2bu of old, which Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, a prince who preceded me, had built\u2014this city had become dilapidated, it lay dormant. I took people which I had conquered from the lands over which I gained dominion, from the land Su\u1e2bu, (from) the entire land of Laqu, (from) the city Sirqu which is at the crossing of the Euphrates, (from) the entire land of Zamua, from Bit-Adini, and the land \u1e2aatti and from Lubarna, the Patinu. I settled them therein. I cleared away the old ruin hill (and) dug down to water level. Down to a depth of 120 layers of brick I sank (the foundation pit). A palace of cedar, cypress, dapr\u0101nu-juniper, boxwood, meskannu-wood, terebinth, and tamarisk, as my royal residence (and) for my lordly leisure for eternity, I founded (it) therein. Beasts of mountains and seas in white limestone and parutu (-alabaster), I made (replicas of them) (and) stationed (them) at their doors. I decorated it in a splendid fashion; I surrounded it with knobbed nails of bronze. Doors of cedar, cypress, dapr\u0101ni-juniper, (and) meskannu-wood, I hung in its doorways. Silver, gold, tin, bronze, iron, booty from the lands over which I gained dominion, I took in great quantities and put therein.", "inscription_remark": "The translation is of the full standard inscription, which continues beyond the CMA relief.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Excavated by Austen Henry Layard at the palace of Ashur-nasirapal II in Calah (Nimrud)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1847", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Gift of Dr. Henry John Lobdell (Class of 1849), to Amherst College", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1847-1852/1856?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Amherst College, sold in even exchange for lot of objects to Joseph Brummer Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1885-1942", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Joseph Brummer Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-1943", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": "palace of Ashur-nasirapal II in Calah (Nimrud)", "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The details of his garments are painstakingly rendered; he wears a long fringed cloak with tassels over a shorter kilt and an under tunic.", "description": "Striding forward with muscular arms and legs, this winged deity offers a gesture of salutation along with symbols of agricultural bounty. Inscribed with an account of the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II's military conquests and victories, this relief once stood alongside hundreds of similar ones that decorated the palace at Nimrud.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750136"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.246-saluting-protective"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI), no. P427317: Nimrud NW Palace Relief Slab S-06.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://cdli.ucla.edu/search/archival_view.php?ObjectID=P427317"}, {"citation": "Englund, Klaudia.\"Room S\", <em>The Northwest Palace at Nimrud. </em>Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (CDLI).", "page_number": "S-6", "url": "https://cdli.ucla.edu/projects/nimrud/rooms/s.html"}, {"citation": "Layard, Austen Henry. <em>The Monuments of Nineveh: From Drawings Made on the Spot</em>. London: J. Murray, 1849.", "page_number": "Plate 37 of vol. 1, Map: No. 9 Room S", "url": null}, {"citation": "Malcolm, Vaughn. <em>The International Studio </em>(Feb. 1927)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Worcester Art Museum Bulletin</em> (Oct. 1930)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Plough, Harold. \"The Natural History of the Assyrian Bas-Reliefs.\" <em>Amherst Graduate Quarterly </em>(May 1934).", "page_number": "pp. 195-201", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"An Assyrian Relief of a Winged Deity.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 30, no. 7 (1943): 105, 108-111.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105; Mentioned: p. 108-111", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141073"}, {"citation": "<em>Art Quarterly </em>VI (Summer 1943).", "page_number": "pp. 224-227", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Brummer Gallery Records. Cloisters (Museum), n.d.", "page_number": "N5334", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16028coll9/id/18427"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 667", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n123"}, {"citation": "\"Treasures from Cleveland,\" <em>Apollo </em>78 (December 1963).", "page_number": "p. 441", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n34"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n32"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n23"}, {"citation": "Tortora, Phyllis G., and Keith Eubank.<em> A Survey of Historic Costume</em>. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 18, fig. 2.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n21"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tortora, Phyllis G., and Keith Eubank. <em>A Survey of Historic Costume: A History of Western Dress</em>. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 10, fig. 2.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "No. 2, pp. 6-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 31-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 68-69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Biro, Yae\u0308lle, Christine E. Brennan, and Christel H. Force. The Brummer Galleries, Paris and New York: Defining Taste from Antiquities to the Avant-Garde. Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 485; reproduced: p. 487, fig. c..3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.246", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.246/1943.246_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "421435", "filename": "1943.246_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.246/1943.246_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6526585", "filename": "1943.246_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.246/1943.246_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99914632", "filename": "1943.246_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "e059aaa709694929abcd87c2411c1a06", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/e059aaa709694929abcd87c2411c1a06", "gallery_donor_text": "Barbara S. Robinson Gallery", "athena_id": 122979, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-02-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -883, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "883\u2013859 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Winged Genie Pollinating Date Palm", "Winged Genie"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:52.587000"}, {"id": 147084, "accession_number": "1972.96", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virupa, early 1400s. China, Ming dynasty (1368-1644), Yongle reign (1403-1424). Gilt bronze with silver, stones, and pigment; overall: 43.6 cm (17 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mary B. Lee, C. Bingham Blossom, Dudley S. Blossom III, Laurel B. Kovacik, and Elizabeth B. Blossom, in memory of Elizabeth B. Blossom, 1972.96", "current_location": "237 Himalayan", "title": "Virupa", "creation_date": "early 1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1420, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Ming dynasty (1368-1644), Yongle reign (1403-1424)"], "technique": "Gilt bronze with silver, stones, and pigment", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Ming Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 43.6 cm (17 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.436, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441896, "title": "Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet", "description": "<i>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (September 18-December 13, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-09-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 218855, "title": "Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet", "description": "<i>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</i>. Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, Germany (May 1-August 31, 1996); Fundaci\u00f3 \"la Caixa\", Barcelona, Spain (October 1, 1996-January 12, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218846, "title": "Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet", "description": "<i>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</i>. Dr. Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hall, Taipei (January 16-May 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-01-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216467, "title": "The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art", "description": "<i>The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (October 5, 2003-January 11, 2004); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (February 8-May 9, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202079, "title": "Focus: Tantra in Buddhist Art", "description": "<i>Focus: Tantra in Buddhist Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 5-September 15, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-05-05T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Purchased from an Indian dealer in Kathmandu, Nepal", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131965", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(J. J. Klejman Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965\u20131972", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Virupa's clothing and jewelry are embellished with silver and stones, while pigments enhance his hair and eyes.", "description": "Virupa is one of the great teachers in the history of tantric Buddhism. His posture references his ability to stop the sun; as an enlightened being, he can control phenomena of nature. As a tantric practitioner, he overturns ordinary assumptions about proper behavior, so he overeats, drinks large quantities of liquor, and waits for the king to pay his bill at the tavern. <br><br>At the edge of the lotus pedestal is an inscription identifying the image as having been made in the imperial kilns of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty in China as a gift to a Tibetan monastic leader. While closely linked to Tibetan styles, the luxurious detailing, special gilding process, and the casting of the ornaments onto the body without use of inlay are specifically Chinese characteristics.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753122"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.96-virupa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Karmay, Heather. <em>Early Sino-Tibetan Art</em>. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91, fig. 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Be\u0301guin, Gilles. <em>Dieux et de\u0301mons de l\u2019Hima\u0302laya: Art du Bouddhisme Lamai\u0308que : [Exposition], Grand-Palais, 25 Mars-27 Juin 1977</em>. Paris: Secre\u0301tariat d\u2019E\u0301tat a\u0300 la culture, E\u0301ditions des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 63, pp. 104 and 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Ulrich von. <em>Indo-Tibetan Bronzes</em>. Hong Kong: Visual Dharma Publications, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 146B, p. 520", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662. <em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xiang</em> [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf = Chinese art in overseas collections. Buddhist sculpture]. Taibei Shi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662. <em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xiang </em>[\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf= Chinese art in overseas collections. Buddhist sculpture]. Taibei Shi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (July 1993): 215\u2013295.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Naomi Noble Richard. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 453, fig. 591", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rhie, Marylin M., Robert A. F. Thurman, and John Bigelow Taylor. <em>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</em>. New York: Tibet House New York in association with Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1996.", "page_number": "Abb. 197 (67b), p. 444", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fisher, Robert E. <em>Art of Tibet</em>. London; New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 156, pp. 186\u2013187", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davidson, Ronald M. <em>Tibetan Renaissance: Tantric Buddhism in the Rebirth of Tibetan Culture</em>. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 185, fig. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stoddard, Heather.<em> Early Sino-Tibetan Art</em>. Bangkok: Orchid Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87, fig. 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 53 no. 03, May/June 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-03/page/4"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 221", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Huntington, John C., Dina Bangdel, and Robert A. F. Thurman. <em>The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art</em>. Chicago: Serindia Publications, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 141\u2013142, cat. no. 28", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.96", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.96/1972.96_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "900", "filesize": "171763", "filename": "1972.96_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.96/1972.96_print.jpg", "width": "2712", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1762022", "filename": "1972.96_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.96/1972.96_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7523", "filesize": "135443332", "filename": "1972.96_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.96/1972.96_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "673", "filesize": "362013"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.96/1972.96_alt0_print.jpg", "width": 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Lee, C. Bingham Blossom, Dudley S. Blossom III, Laurel B. Kovacik, and Elizabeth B. Blossom, in memory of Elizabeth B. Blossom", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147084, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-07-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mahasiddha Virupa"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:33:09.812000"}, {"id": 137298, "accession_number": "1962.23", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Prayer Niche (Mihrab), c. 1500s or mid-1900s. Iran, Isfahan, in the style of the Safavid period (1501\u20131722). Ceramic mosaic; mihrab: 290.7 x 245.3 cm (114 7/16 x 96 9/16 in.); frieze: 69.2 x 1563.5 cm (27 1/4 x 615 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katharine Holden Thayer, 1962.23", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Prayer Niche (Mihrab)", "creation_date": "c. 1500s or mid-1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1500, "creation_date_latest": 1950, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Isfahan, in the style of the Safavid period (1501\u20131722)"], "technique": "ceramic mosaic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Mihrab: 290.7 x 245.3 cm (114 7/16 x 96 9/16 in.); Frieze: 69.2 x 1563.5 cm (27 1/4 x 615 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"mihrab": {"height": 2.907, "height_inch": 114, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 2.453, "width_inch": 96, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "frieze": {"height": 0.692, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 15.635, "width_inch": 615, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "The inscriptions on the mihrab and frieze are from the Qur'an.  On the frieze are written the first 30 verses from the Chapter of the Dawn (89).  The inscription on the mihrab is from the Chapter of Light (24: 35-36) and translates:\n\nGod is the light of the Heavens and the Earth.\nHis Light is like a niche in which is a lamp---the\nlamp enclosed in glass---the glass, as it were, a glistening star.  From a blessed tree it is lighted,\nthe olive neither of the East nor of the West, \nwhose oil would well neigh shine out, even though fire touched it not!  It is light upon light.\nGod guideth whom He will to His light, and God\nsetteth forth parables to men, for God knoweth.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Khalil Rabenou [1902\u20131961], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, and purchased with funds from Katharine Holden Thayer [1898\u20131985])", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131962", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1962\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Every mihrab is oriented toward Mecca.", "description": "The prayer niche (or <em>mihrab</em> in Arabic) is the focal point in the interior of a mosque, located in the <em>qibla</em> wall that faces Mecca, the holy city of Islam. Verses from the holy Qur\u2019an, written in a form of Arabic script called <em>thuluth</em>, surround the mihrab. The inscription is rendered with white glaze, while the continuous arabesque vine behind the Qur\u2019anic text is executed in gold, turquoise, and green\u2014the color of the Prophet Muhammad and of paradise.<br> <br>The inscription is from the Chapter of Light (<em>Surah An-Nur</em>): \u201cAllah is the light of the Heavens and the Earth. His Light is like a niche in which is a lamp\u2014the lamp enclosed in glass\u2014the glass, as it were, a glistening star; lit from a blessed olive tree, neither of the East nor of the West, whose oil would almost glow, even though fire touched it not. Light upon light! Allah guides whom He will to His light, and Allah sets forth parables for men, and Allah knows all things.\u201d <br><br>The artistic and calligraphic styles suggest this mihrab was made about 1500, but the physical appearance of the ceramic mosaic pieces does not. The glaze colors are too consistent, and they have not discolored from moisture seeping behind the cut tile edges. Clay substrates of the tiles were tested in 2001 using thermoluminescence to determine the date the tiles were fired. The results indicated that the tiles were modern, made between 1941 and 1961, and they are under further examination.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746418"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.23-prayer-niche-mihrab"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cPrayer Niche, 1962.23,\u201d press release, May 7, 1962", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0942"}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \u201cA Mi\u1e25r\u0101b and Frieze: In Faience Tile from Iran.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 49, no. 8, 1962, pp. 179\u2013185.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 179\u2013185; Reproduced: cover, figs. 2, 3, and 5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151909"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review 1962.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 49, no. 9, 1962, pp. 199\u2013227.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 227, no. 149", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151915"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n236"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n236"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 268", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n288"}, {"citation": "Connell, Timothy C., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. <em>World Art Transparencies</em>. Cincinnati: West Educational Pub, 1998.", "page_number": "Acetate 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Masteller, Kimberly. \"Arthur Upham Pope and Collecting Persian Art for Kansas City.\" In <em>Arthur Upham Pope and a New Survey of Persian Art. </em>Yuka Kadoi, ed., 282. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 282, no. 41", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.23", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.23/1962.23_web.jpg", "width": "766", "height": "900", "filesize": "612833", "filename": "1962.23_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.23/1962.23_print.jpg", "width": "2893", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5192030", "filename": "1962.23_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.23/1962.23_full.tif", "width": "3376", "height": "3968", "filesize": "40221112", "filename": "1962.23_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Katharine Holden Thayer", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137298, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-02-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1500s or mid-1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "In the ceramic mosaic technique, the design is formed of individual pieces of tile. The segments are cut according to the pattern from monochrome tiles with a chisel and their edges smoothed with a file. The pieces are then arranged, face down, according to the pattern and covered with plaster in manageable sections. Since colorful ceramic mosaics decorate numerous old buildings in Iran, modern craftsmen have become skilled in their repair, and occasionally in recreating mihrabs in a historical style.", "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mihrab and Frieze"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:00:31.395000"}, {"id": 147155, "accession_number": "1973.105", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Za\u014d Gongen (\u8535\u738b\u6a29\u73fe\u50cf), 1200s. Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333). Wood; average: 106.7 cm (42 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1973.105", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Za\u014d Gongen", "title_in_original_language": "\u8535\u738b\u6a29\u73fe\u50cf", "creation_date": "1200s", "creation_date_earliest": 1200, "creation_date_latest": 1299, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333)"], "technique": "wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Average: 106.7 cm (42 in.)", "dimensions": {"average": {"height": 1.067, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 222773, "title": "The World of Enno-Gyoja and Shugendoh:  Secret Treasures of Mountain Asceticism", "description": "<i>The World of Enno-Gyoja and Shugendoh:  Secret Treasures of Mountain Asceticism</i>. Tobu Museum of Art, Tokyo, Japan (September 11-October 17, 1999); Osaka Municipal Museum of Art, Osaka, Japan (organizer) (November 2-December 5, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-09-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 309312, "title": "Shinto: Discovering the Divine in Japanese Art \u795e\u9053\uff0d\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u6027\u306e\u767a\u898b", "description": "<i>Shinto: Discovering the Divine in Japanese Art \u795e\u9053\uff0d\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u6027\u306e\u767a\u898b</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-June 30, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Year in Review 1973</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 1974-March 16, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650) from The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Japan House Gallery, New York, NY (March 19-May 17, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Setsu Gatodo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131973", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Za\u014d Gongen wears the pelt of a large feline, the face of which is near his knee.", "description": "Za\u014d Gongen is the guardian deity of Mount Kinpu in Yoshino south of Nara. Za\u014d appeared at the behest of En no Gy\u014dja, who prayed for a powerful protector of the mountain. The deity was described as a combined manifestation of the Buddha Shakyamuni, Thousand-Armed Kannon, and Miroku. These three deities were viewed as the past, present, and future protectors of the world. Za\u014d\u2019s appearance derives from portrayals of fierce Buddhist deities.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79926239"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.105-zao-gongen"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ikawa, Kazuko. \"Statues of Zao Gongen and Kongo Doji.\" <em>Bijutsu Kenkyu </em>[\u7f8e\u8853\u784f\u7a76 = The journal of art studies], no. 252, May 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pl. Ic a", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1973.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 2 (1974): 31\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 179, pp. 31 and 79; Reproduced: no. 179, p. 69", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 372", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n392"}, {"citation": "Yamane, Yu\u0304zo\u0304 \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09, Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce, and Terukazu Akiyama \u79cb\u5c71\u5149\u548c. <em>Zaigai Nihon no shiho\u0304</em> [\u5728\u5916\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u81f3\u5b9d = Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections, vol. 8 ]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 90, p. 152, color pl. 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shimizu, Zenzo. \"Japanese Sculpture in America and Canada.\" <em>Ars Buddhica</em>, no. 126 (September 1979), part I, pp. 67\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 22, p. 73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., Michael R. Cunningham, and Ursula Korneitchouk. <em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 28\u201329, no. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Hijiri to inja: sansui ni kokoro o sumasu hitobito: tokubetsuten</em> [\u8056\u3068\u96a0\u8005 : \u5c71\u6c34\u306b\u5fc3\u3092\u6f84\u307e\u3059\u4eba\u3005 : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 = Saints and hermits : people in serenity deep in nature: special exhibition]. Nara: Nara Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, [Heisei 11] 1999.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "O\u0304saka Shiritsu Bijutsukan, and To\u0304bu Bijutsukan. <em>En no gyo\u0304ja to shugendo\u0304 no sekai: sangaku shinko\u0304 no hiho\u0304: En no gyo\u0304ja Shinpen Daibosatsu</em> <em>1300-nen onki kinen </em>[\u5f79\u884c\u8005\u3068\u4fee\u9a13\u9053\u306e\u4e16\u754c: \u5c71\u5cb3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u306e\u79d8\u5b9d: \u5f79\u884c\u8005\u795e\u8b8a\u5927\u83e9\u85a9 1300\u5e74\u9060\u5fcc\u8a18\u5ff5 = The World of Enno-Gyoja and Shugendoh: Secret Treasures of Mountain Asceticism]. [Japan]: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 65, p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sine\u0301ad, and Kevin Gray Carr. <em>Shinto: Discovery of the Divine in Japanese Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 184-185, no. 74", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.105", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_web.jpg", "width": "644", "height": "900", "filesize": "191138", "filename": "1973.105_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_print.jpg", "width": "2434", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1375366", "filename": "1973.105_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_full.tif", "width": "3972", "height": "5548", "filesize": "66145324", "filename": "1973.105_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "893", "filesize": "48196"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2345", "height": "3400", "filesize": "654495"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3754", "height": "5441", "filesize": "61305832"}, "date_created": "2012-06-01T13:33:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "548", "height": "893", "filesize": "36718"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2087", "height": "3400", "filesize": "512564"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3354", "height": "5462", "filesize": "54987288"}, "date_created": "2012-06-01T13:59:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "893", "filesize": "46007"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2303", "height": "3400", "filesize": "646066"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3718", "height": "5489", "filesize": "61253732"}, "date_created": "2012-06-01T14:26:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "576", "height": "893", "filesize": "39122"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2193", "height": "3400", "filesize": "540836"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3501", "height": "5427", "filesize": "57028764"}, "date_created": "2012-06-01T14:45:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "893", "filesize": "50736"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2303", "height": "3400", "filesize": "676136"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3677", "height": "5427", "filesize": "59894272"}, "date_created": "2012-06-01T14:55:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "685", "height": "893", "filesize": "60231"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2608", "height": "3400", "filesize": "770021"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.105/1973.105_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4736", "height": "6173", "filesize": "87730120"}, "date_created": "2012-06-01T15:08:25", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147155, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-08-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1200s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:33:07.687000"}, {"id": 147480, "accession_number": "1973.213", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ballgame Hip Protector (Yoke), 600\u2013900. Mexico, Gulf Coast, Classic Veracruz style (600-1100). Greenstone, pigment; overall: 41.5 x 37.5 x 11 cm (16 5/16 x 14 3/4 x 4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1973.213", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Ballgame Hip Protector (Yoke)", "creation_date": "600\u2013900", "creation_date_earliest": 600, "creation_date_latest": 900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mexico, Gulf Coast, Classic Veracruz style (600-1100)"], "technique": "greenstone, pigment", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41.5 x 37.5 x 11 cm (16 5/16 x 14 3/4 x 4 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.415, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.375, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441986, "title": "Ulama : het balspel bij de Maya's en Azteken, 2000 v. Chr.--2000 n. Chr.: van mensenoffer tot sport (The ballgame of the Mayas and Aztecs, 2000 BC--AD 2000: from human sacrifice to sport)", "description": "<i>Ulama : het balspel bij de Maya's en Azteken, 2000 v. Chr.--2000 n. Chr.: van mensenoffer tot sport (The ballgame of the Mayas and Aztecs, 2000 BC--AD 2000: from human sacrifice to sport)</i>. Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden, Netherlands (organizer) (June 18-September 12, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-06-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441882, "title": "Treasures of the New World", "description": "<i>Treasures of the New World</i>. Mus\u00e9es Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium (organizer) (September 15-December 25, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-09-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Before Cortes, Sculpture of Middle America</em>, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (September 30, 1970-January 3, 1971).", "opening_date": "1970-09-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Tresors Du Nouveau Monde</em>, Musees Royaux d' Art et d' Histoire, Brussells, Belgium (September 15- December 27, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-09-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Paul Tishman, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "John Wise, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1973", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ballgame was a team sport played on specially constructed rectangular courts and involved striking a large solid rubber ball without using your hands.", "description": "U-shaped ballgame sculptures imitate the shape of belt-like protectors, perhaps made of wood and padding, worn to shield ballplayers from injury when they returned the solid rubber ball from their hips. This fine example embodies a major theme of the ballgame: the connection between fertility and death. It is made of greenstone, a precious material that through its color symbolizes the lush burgeoning of nature after the rainy season. The imagery, however, is menacing: a monstrous head snarls from the curve, and human skulls appear on the sides.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761412"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.213-ballgame-hip-protect"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Spinden, Ellen S. \"The Place of Tajin in Totonac Archaeology.\" <em>American Anthropologist</em>, New Series, 35, no. 2 (1933)", "page_number": "pp. 224-270", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/662489"}, {"citation": "Palacios, Enrique Juan.<em> Arqueologi\u0301a de Me\u0301xico: culturas arcaica y tolteca</em> (Ilustraciones novedosas, en parte procedentes de piezas de la coleccio\u0301n del autor). Me\u0301xico: Imprenta Mundial, 1937.", "page_number": "pp. 34-6, 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ekholm, Gordon. \" Is American Indian Culture Asiatic?\" <em>Natural History</em> (1950).", "page_number": "pp. 344-351, 382", "url": null}, {"citation": "Proskouriakoff, Tatiana. \" Classic Central Veracruz Sculpture.\" <em>Contributions to American Archaeology and History</em>. (Washington, D.C. 1954).", "page_number": "pp. 11, 63-90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Covarrubias, Miguel. <em>Indian Art of Mexico and Central America.</em> New York: Knopf, 1957.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Willey, Gordon R. <em>An Introduction to American Archaeology. </em>Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Easby, Elizabeth Kennedy, and John F. Scott. Before Corte\u0301s, <em>Sculpture of Middle America; A Centennial Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art from September 30, 1970 Through January 3, 1971.</em> [New York]: Metropolitan Museum of Art; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1970.", "page_number": "no. 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Classic Veracruz Sculptures.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 10 (1974).", "page_number": "pp. 321-330, cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152555"}, {"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1973.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 2 (1974).", "page_number": "p. 72", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 394", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n414"}, {"citation": "Kubler, George. <em>Art and Architecture of Ancient America</em>. Penguin, 1962.", "page_number": "pl. 40b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leyenaar, Ted J. J., and Lee Allen Parsons. <em>Ulama: het balspel bij de Maya's en Azteken, 2000 v. Chr.--2000 n. Chr. </em>: van mensenoffer tot sport = The ballgame of the Mayas and Aztecs, 2000 BC--AD 2000 : from human sacrifice to sport. Leiden, The Netherlands: Spruyt, Van Mantgem &amp; De Does, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 171, fig. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West. </em>New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Deletaille, Emile, and Lin Deletaille. <em>Tre\u0301sors du nouveau monde.</em> Bruxelles: Muse\u0301es royaux d'art et d'histoire, 1992.", "page_number": "fig. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sabau Garci\u0301a, Mari\u0301a Luisa. <em>Me\u0301xico en el mundo de las colecciones de arte</em>. Me\u0301xico: D.R. Primera, 1994.", "page_number": "pp. 183-241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garci\u0301a Di\u0301az, Bernardo, Lourdes Alonso, and Adalberto Ri\u0301os Szalay. <em>The State of Veracruz, Mexico</em>. Mexican Art Abroad, Me\u0301xico: Grupo Azabache, 1994.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 107, pp. 96-97, 220", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan, \"Art from the Sacred Ballgame\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 42 no. 03, March 2002", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p.8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2002-03/page/n7"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.213", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "741", "filesize": "528198", "filename": "1973.213_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1996", "filesize": "4424977", "filename": "1973.213_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_full.tif", "width": "6202", "height": "3641", "filesize": "67774604", "filename": "1973.213_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "753", "filesize": "552971"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2028", "filesize": "4587410"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5903", "height": "3522", "filesize": "62401840"}, "date_created": "2011-02-17T14:06:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "863", "filesize": "633818"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2323", "filesize": "5361807"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5140", "height": "3513", "filesize": "54201684"}, "date_created": "2011-02-17T14:13:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "715", "filesize": "539497"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1926", "filesize": "4416663"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6116", "height": "3466", "filesize": "63624008"}, "date_created": "2011-02-17T14:21:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "721", "filesize": "562862"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1941", "filesize": "4639924"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5780", "height": "3301", "filesize": "57273792"}, "date_created": "2011-02-17T14:30:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "808", "filesize": "574026"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2174", "filesize": "4811520"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5367", "height": "3433", "filesize": "55307160"}, "date_created": "2011-02-17T14:38:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "876", "height": "893", "filesize": "453525"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3334", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7901099"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4989", "height": "5087", "filesize": "76174452"}, "date_created": "2011-02-17T14:50:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "874", "height": "893", "filesize": "438765"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3326", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7748479"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "5103", "filesize": "76462140"}, "date_created": "2011-02-17T14:52:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "785", "filesize": "600042"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1273", "filesize": "1652589"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.213/1973.213_alt7_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1273", "filesize": "7824044"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147480, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-12-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 600, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "600\u2013900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:33:52.335000"}, {"id": 135185, "accession_number": "1958.21", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mount Sainte-Victoire, c. 1904. Paul Cezanne (French, 1839\u20131906). Oil on fabric; framed: 87.5 x 106.5 x 7 cm (34 7/16 x 41 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 72.2 x 92.4 cm (28 7/16 x 36 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.21", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Mount Sainte-Victoire", "creation_date": "c. 1904", "creation_date_earliest": 1899, "creation_date_latest": 1909, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 19th-early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 87.5 x 106.5 x 7 cm (34 7/16 x 41 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 72.2 x 92.4 cm (28 7/16 x 36 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.875, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.065, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.722, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.924, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338935, "title": "Loan Exhibition: Cezanne", "description": "<i>Loan Exhibition: Cezanne</i>. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (November 5-December 5, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "<i>Paths of Abstract Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300763, "title": "Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art", "description": "<i>Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art</i>. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (January 24-March 7, 1965); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (March 28-May 16, 1965); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 14-August 22, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338921, "title": "C\u00e9zanne: The Late Work", "description": "<i>C\u00e9zanne: The Late Work</i>. The Museum of Modern Art (organizer) (October 7, 1977-January 3, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-10-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338916, "title": "Sainte-Victoire, C\u00e9zanne 1990", "description": "<i>Sainte-Victoire, C\u00e9zanne 1990</i>. Mus\u00e9e Granet, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France (organizer) (June 15-September 2, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177189, "title": "C\u00e9zanne in Provence", "description": "<i>C\u00e9zanne in Provence</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (January 29-May 7, 2006); Mus\u00e9e Granet, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France (June 5-September 15, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-01-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220355, "title": "C\u00e9zanne Site/Non-Site", "description": "<i>C\u00e9zanne Site/Non-Site</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (February 4-May 18, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-02-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Franz\u00f6sische Kunst des XIX. und XX</em>. Jahrhunderts. Z\u00fcrich Kunsthaus, Zurich, Switzerland (1917),", "opening_date": "1917-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Obecn\u00ed d\u00ffm. French Art of the 19th-20th Centuries</em>. Galerie Barbazanges.Prague,Czechoslovakia (1923).", "opening_date": "1923-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Important Pictures by Nineteenth Century French Masters</em>. Lef\u00e8vre Galleries, London, United Kingdom (1924),", "opening_date": "1924-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of French Paintings by C\u00e9zanne, Matisse, Derain, Utrillo, Pascin, Marie Laurencin, and Van Dongen.</em> Reinhardt Galleries, New York, NY (1926).", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Four Paintings by C\u00e9zanne</em>. Valentine Gallery, New York, NY (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Paintings by C\u00e9zanne</em>. Paul Rosenberg, New York, NY (1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of C\u00e9zanne</em>. Wildenstein Gallery, New York, NY (1947).", "opening_date": "1947-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Post-Impressionists and Their Followers. </em>Society of Four Arts, Palm Beach, FL (1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Yale University Art Gallery. New Haven, CT (1950),", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition pour comm\u00e9morer le cinquantenaire de la mort de C\u00e9zanne</em>. Pavillon de Vend\u00f4me, Aix-en-Provence, France (1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Paul C\u00e9zanne 1839-1906</em>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ambroise Vollard [1866-1939] Paris, France (Vollard archive photograph no. 367).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. G. Schweitzer, Berlin Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "August Pellerin [1853-1929], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Alphonse Kann [1870-1948] Saint-Germain-en Laye, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Galerie Barbazanges, Paris France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Reinhardt Galleries, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(The Valentine Galleries, New York, NY, February 20, 1939 sold to Leonard C. Hanna Jr.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr [1889-1957] Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939-1957", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna [1889-1957] Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1637.43"], "did_you_know": "Cezanne created 36 paintings and 45 watercolors of Mount Sainte-Victoire. He was preoccupied with this subject and painted this mountain repeatedly until his death.", "description": "During the last 20 years of his life, Cezanne repeatedly painted Mount Sainte-Victoire near his home in Aix-en-Provence in southern France. Cezanne painted this view from life at one of his favorite sites, a small road that led from Aix eastward toward Mount Sainte-Victoire. He set up his easel at the edge of the road where he could see two umbrella pines and the mountain towering over the scene. A branch of one of the pines extends from the left of the canvas across the sky, echoing the slope of the mountain, linking the near and the far.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517723"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.21-mount-sainte-victoir"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wedderkop, Hans von. <em>Paul Ce\u0301zanne</em>. Leipzig: Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, 1922.", "page_number": "Reproduced: unpaginated", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wedderkop, Hans von. \"Paul Cezanne.\" <em>Der Cicerone </em>14, pt. 2 (1922): 681-692.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p; 684", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rivie\u0300re, Georges. <em>Le Mai\u0302tre Paul Ce\u0301zan</em>ne. Paris: H. Floury, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>ARTnews</em> 25 (November 27, 1926): 9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Ce\u0301zanne, Son Art, Son Oeuvre; 1,600 illustrations.</em> Paris: P. Rosenberg, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: v. 1, no. 666; reproduced: v. 2, fig. 666", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Cezanne et Zola</em>. Paris: A. Sedrowski, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Novotny, Fritz. <em>Ce\u0301zanne und das Ende der wissenschaftlichen Perspektive</em>. Wien: A. Schroll, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 194; reproduced: abb. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cC\u00e9zanne, Fighter for Freedom.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 41 (November 15, 1942): 16\u201319.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Loran, Erle. <em>Cezanne's Composition; Analysis of His Form, with Diagrams and Photographs of His Motifs.</em> Berkeley: University of California Press, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. \u201cAs C\u00e9zanne Recreated Nature; Camera Record.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 43 (February 15, 1944): 9\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cMountain in Provence.\u201d <em>Time</em> 64, no. 2 (July 12, 1954): 75.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. T<em>he History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: v. 2, p. 71-72.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: The Museum, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Great Gifts of Art, 1958.\" <em>Fortune Magazine</em> LVIII, no. 6 (December 1958): 106-116.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ce\u0301zanne, Paul, and Meyer Schapiro. <em>Loan Exhibition Ce\u0301zanne Under the Patronage of Mrs. Dwight D. Eisenhower and His Excellency, Monsieur Herve\u0301 Alphand, the Ambassador of France to the United States, for the Benefit of the National Organization of Mentally Ill Children, November 5-December 5, 1959</em>. New York: Wildenstein, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward B. Henning<em>. Paths of Abstract Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: H.N. Abrams, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 9, p. 11; mentioned: pp. 11,19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reff, Theodore. \"A New Exhibition of Cezanne.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 102, no. 684 (March 1960): 114-118.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114, 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ratcliffe, R. W. <em>Ce\u0301zanne's Working Methods and Their Theoretical Background.</em> Thesis(PhD)--University of London (Courtauld Institute of Art), 1960-61, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, E. B. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Guston.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 78 (December 1963): 481\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 485", "url": null}, {"citation": "UCLA Art Council. <em>Years of Ferment; The Birth of Twentieth Century Art 1886-1914</em>. [Los Angeles]: [UCLA Art Council], 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 13, no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Remy. \"Art Is Imitation of Nature.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LII, no. 2 (February 1965): 34-44.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 43-44", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n202"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Orienti, Sandra. <em>The Complete Paintings of Ce\u0301zanne</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 120, no. 756", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Two Major Paintings by Georges Braque.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LXIV, no. 4 (April 1977): 137-141.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p, 138, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ce\u0301zanne, Paul, Theodore Reff, and William Rubin. <em>Ce\u0301zanne: The Late Work : Essays</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 45, p. 27, 49, 85, 205, 401, Reproduced p. 321, pl. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 220", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n240"}, {"citation": "Bourges, M. R. <em>Itine\u0301raires de Ce\u0301zanne.</em> [Aix-en-Provence]: Ville d'Aix-en-Provence, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Route du Tholonet, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoog, Michel. \"Le Motif de la Sainte Victoire.\" In <em>Ce\u0301zanne, ou, La Peinture en Jeu. </em>Musee Granet, 92-105. Limoges: Criterion, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shiff, Richard. \"Representation, Copying, and the Technique of Originality.\" <em>New Literary History</em> 15, no. 2 (1984): 333-63.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 354-355", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \" Woman in the Waves by Paul Gauguin.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LXXI, no. 8 (October 1984): 280-", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 282-283, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald, and Hideo Takumi.<em> Paul Ce\u0301zanne: (1839-1906) ; Tokyo ; 18.9. - 7.10.1986 ; Isetan Museum of Art ; Kobe ; 10.10. 9.11.1986 ; Hyogo Prefectural Museum of Modern Art ; Nagoya ; 15.11. - 4.12.1986 ; Aichi Prefectural Art Gallery.</em> Tokyo: Tokyo Shimbun, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Ce\u0301zanne: A Biograph</em>y. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 240-241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science</em>, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Teboul, Jacques. <em>Les Victoires de Ce\u0301zanne</em>. Paris: A. Biro, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ce\u0301zanne, Paul. <em>Sainte-Victoire, Ce\u0301zanne, 1990: Muse\u0301e Granet, Muse\u0301e des tapisseries, Pavillon de Vendo\u0302me, Aix-en-Provence, 16 juin-2 septembre 1990</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned cat. not. 38, Reproduced: fig. 66 and on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art,1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West.</em> New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahn, Isabelle. <em>Ce\u0301zann</em>e. [Milano]: Editoriale Giorgio Mondadori, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vescovo, Marisa. \"Dossier-Cezanne.\" <em>Art e Dossier </em>75 (January 1993): 12.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patin, Sylvie. <em>Ce\u0301zanne.</em> Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Orienti, Sandra. <em>Tout l'Oeuvre Peint de Ce\u0301zanne</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120-121, no. 756", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lartigue, Charles de. <em>Les Paysages de Paul Ce\u0301zanne.</em> Lyon: Cre\u0301ations du Pe\u0301lican, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Machotka, Pavel. <em>Ce\u0301zanne: Landscape into Art</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61, 138, 144-145; reproduced: p. 145, fig. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coutagne, Denis, and Bruno Ely, eds. <em>Les Sites Ce\u0301zanniens du Pays d'Aix: Hommage a\u0300 John Rewald.</em> Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>The Paintings of Paul Ce\u0301zanne: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams,1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: v. 1, p. 530, no. 900; Reproduced: v. 2, p. 529, fig. 900", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). <em>Maestros del Impresionismo</em>. Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63, fig. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Bernard Philippe Groslier. <em>Histoire de l'Art: Peinture, Sculpture, Architecture, Arts De\u0301corati</em>fs. [Paris]: Larousse, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 488", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 127-130, no. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adachi, Shinzo\u0304. <em>Kaiga jisshu\u0304</em>. O\u0304saka-fu: O\u0304saka Geijutsu Daigaku Tsu\u0304shin Kyo\u0304ikubu, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burgess, Margaret B., \"Side by Side\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 05, May/June 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-05/page/8"}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip, and Denis Coutagne. <em>Ce\u0301zanne in Provenc</em>e. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 202, no. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip, and Denis Coutagne. <em>Ce\u0301zanne en Provence: Muse\u0301e Granet, Aix-en-Provence, 9 Juin-17 Septembre 2006.</em> Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coutagne, Denis. \"C\u00e9zanne en Provence: L'Estaque.\" <em>Dossier de l'Art</em> 130 (2006):18.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip, and Denis Coutagne. <em>Ce\u0301zanne en Provence: Muse\u0301e Granet, Aix-en-Provence, 9 juin-17 septembre 2006.</em> Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boigontier, Pascale, and Bruno Boigontier. <em>Portraits d'Aix-en-Provence</em>. Bordeaux: Sud Ouest, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coutagne, Denis. <em>Ce\u0301zanne en Ve\u0301rite\u0301(s): Essai.</em> Arles: Actes sud, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 441, ill. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Solana, Guillermo. <em>Ce\u0301zanne: Site/Non-site: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, February 4-May 18, 2014</em>. [Madrid]: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122, no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 294; reproduced: P. 284-285", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Green, Tyler. <em>Emerson's Nature and the Artists: Idea As Landscape, Landscape As Idea</em>. Munich: Prestel, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 47, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Basch, Sophie. <em>Le Japonisme, Un Art Franc\u0327ais</em>. \u0152uvres En Socie\u0301te\u0301s. Dijon: Les Presses du re\u0301el, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 68-69, fig. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, William D., and Thierry Maugenest. <em>Cezanne \u00c0 Ch\u00e2teau Noir: L\u2019Histoire d\u2019Une Fascination.</em> Bordeaux: \u00c9ditions Herv\u00e9 Chopin, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 34-35, fig. 22; p. 166, fig. 190", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.21", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.21/1958.21_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "717", "filesize": "258218", "filename": "1958.21_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.21/1958.21_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2709", "filesize": "4080763", "filename": "1958.21_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.21/1958.21_full.tif", "width": "14368", "height": "11448", "filesize": "493479916", "filename": "1958.21_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.21/1958.21_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1128", "height": "893", "filesize": "736893"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.21/1958.21_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2691", "filesize": "6776077"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.21/1958.21_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5935", "height": "4698", "filesize": "83687020"}, "date_created": "2007-10-15T18:21:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "10d9d7aa5dac45b899b1cf5ba00a5e2b", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/10d9d7aa5dac45b899b1cf5ba00a5e2b", "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 135185, "creators": [{"id": 1754, "description": "Paul Cezanne (French, 1839\u20131906)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The son of a wealthy banker, C\u00e9zanne began his studies in Aix-en-Provence at the \u00c9cole Saint-Joseph in 1849, then attended the Coll\u00e8ge Bourbon from 1852 until 1858. \u00c9mile Zola, the future author, was to become one of his closest friends. C\u00e9zanne enrolled at the \u00c9cole Gratuite de Dessin in 1857, entering the studio of Joseph Gibert (1806-1884). Two years later, complying with his father's wishes, he began studying law at the Universit\u00e9 d'Aix while still at the \u00c9cole Gratuite de Dessin. In 1861 C\u00e9zanne finally left law school and followed Zola to Paris where he met Pissarro (q.v.) at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. Probably after his failure to enter the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, he returned to Aix and began working at his father's bank. In 1862, however, C\u00e9zanne returned to Paris, where he studied at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse and copied the works of the Old Masters in the Louvre. The works he produced during this period reflect the influence of Spanish painters such as Ribera (1591-1562) and Zurbar\u00e1n (1598-1664), and other predecessors such as Delacroix (q.v.). His submissions to the Salons of 1865 through 1870 (and even through 1881) did not receive the jury's approval; the reinstatement of the Salon des Refus\u00e9s was repeatedly but unsuccessfully demanded. C\u00e9zanne traveled often between Aix and Paris until 1870. To escape the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) he stayed in the south in L'Estaque, along with his mistress, Hortense Fiquet, whom he had met in 1869. C\u00e9zanne moved back north to Pontoise with Hortense and his son, Paul, in 1872 and worked with Pissarro and met Dr. Paul Gachet. The following year he moved again to nearby Auvers-sur-Oise with his family, continuing his work with Pissarro. In 1874 and 1877 C\u00e9zanne participated in the first and third impressionist exhibitions, but the severe criticism of his works led him to abstain from using this venue again. In 1878 his father learned of the existence of Hortense and Paul, who at that point were living in Marseille, and threatened to discontinue his allowance. While in the Midi, C\u00e9zanne often worked with Monticelli (q.v.). His art increasingly matured, and he began concentrating on the order and internal structure within his compositions, limiting his palette. During these years he also met Gauguin (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.), and always trav-eled, chiefly between Aix and L'Estaque. In 1886 C\u00e9zanne married Hortense, his father died, and the inheritance provided him with the financial means to live without constraints. He bought a house in Marlotte near Fontainebleau in 1892. In 1895 he had his first solo show at the gallery of Ambroise Vollard, who two years later bought all the artist's works from his studio near Corbeil. The dealer Paul Durand-Ruel became another important client. C\u00e9zanne participated in the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants in 1899, 1901, and 1902 and exhibited at La Libre Esth\u00e9tique in Brussels in 1901 and 1904, the Secession in Vienna in 1903, and the Salon d'Automne in 1904-6. He continued to study the underlying structure of nature, at times approaching abstraction by denying traditional perspective and using multiple viewpoints. He also began leaving portions of the canvas bare, giving some works an unfinished appearance. C\u00e9zanne's work had a tremendous influence on the artists of his time as well as those of subsequent generations, and he is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of modern art.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1839", "death_year": "1906", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1899, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1904", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["La Montagne Sainte-Victoire"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:15.323000"}, {"id": 152776, "accession_number": "1985.57", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Bull Skull, Fruit, Pitcher, 1939. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil on canvas; framed: 85.7 x 117.2 x 7 cm (33 3/4 x 46 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 65 x 92 cm (25 9/16 x 36 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1985.57. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Bull Skull, Fruit, Pitcher", "creation_date": "1939", "creation_date_earliest": 1939, "creation_date_latest": 1939, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 85.7 x 117.2 x 7 cm (33 3/4 x 46 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 65 x 92 cm (25 9/16 x 36 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.857, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.172, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.65, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.92, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower center: \"12.1.39. Picasso\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309910, "title": "The Year in Review for 1985", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1985</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-April 20, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 379356, "title": "Picasso: The Love and the Anguish--The Road to Guernica", "description": "<i>Picasso: The Love and the Anguish--The Road to Guernica</i>. National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto (organizer); Tobu Museum of Art.", "opening_date": "1995-10-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 216656, "title": "Picasso and the War:  1937-1945", "description": "<i>Picasso and the War:  1937-1945</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 10, 1998-January 3, 1999); Guggenheim Museum Soho, New York (January 27-April 26, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211319, "title": "Picasso.  Indoor, Outdoor Landscapes", "description": "<i>Picasso.  Indoor, Outdoor Landscapes</i>. Museu Picasso, Barcelona, Spain (organizer) (October 26, 1999-January 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223983, "title": "Picasso. Sous le soleil de Mithra", "description": "<i>Picasso. Sous le soleil de Mithra</i>. Mus\u00e9e national Picasso-Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (November 27, 2001-March 4, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-06-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206339, "title": "Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)", "description": "<i>Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15, 2006-January 7, 2007); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (co-organizer) (March 4-June 3, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 230443, "title": "Picasso's Studio", "description": "<i>Picasso's Studio</i>. Fundaci\u00f3n MAPFRE (organizer) (February 10-May 11, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 317581, "title": "Picasso and Paper", "description": "<i>Picasso and Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (December 8, 2024-March 23, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-12-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(P. Rosenberg, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Walter Bareiss [1919-2007] Greenwich, CT", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(E. V. Thaw, New York, NY, 1985, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1985", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1985-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The flowering tree in the background was added by Picasso in the final stages of the painting\u2019s creation.", "description": "Pablo Picasso painted this still life following the surrender of his beloved Barcelona to General Francisco Franco\u2019s fascist army, an event signaling the defeat of the Spanish Republic. Spain\u2014because of its association with bullfighting\u2014is represented by a bull\u2019s skull. Outside the window, a flowering tree grows in the moonlight. The tree likely references the sacred oak of Guernica in the Basque region of Spain that survived a 1937 bombing by German and Italian air forces ordered by the Spanish Nationalists, a coalition of groups opposed to the Spanish Republic. Symbolic of freedom for the Basque people, the tree suggests hope for the rebirth of democracy in Spain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475707"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 118, no. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Richardson, John. <em>A Life of Picasso.</em> First edition. New York: Random House, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Color plates", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Brigitte Le\u0301al, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. <em>Picasso and Things: The Still Lifes of Picasso. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 258-259, no. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland. \"Evan Turner: Colleague and Friend.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 4 (1993): 118-21.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161397"}, {"citation": "Herschel Browning Chipp, Alan Wofsy, and Fernand Mourlot. <em>Picasso's paintings, watercolors, drawings and sculpture: a comprehensive illustrated catalogue, 1885-1973</em>. San Francisco, CA: Alan Wofsy Fine Arts, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nash, Steven A., Robert Rosenblum, and Brigitte Baer. <em>Picasso and the War Years, 1937-1945</em>. New York, NY.: Thames and Hudson, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Warncke, Carsten-Peter, Ingo F. Walther, and Michael Hulse. <em>Pablo Picasso: 1881-1973</em>. Koln, Germany: Taschen, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37; Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ocan\u0303a, Naria-Teresa. <em>Picasso: Indoor &amp; Outdoor Landscapes</em>. Madrid, Spain: Electa, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Jordi Falga\u0300s, Carmen Belen Lord, and Josefina Alix Trueba. <em>Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi\u0301, Miro\u0301, Dali\u0301</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Yale University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 478", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Raymond J. <em>To Be, or Not to Be: Four Hundred Years of Vanitas Painting</em>. Flint, MI: Flint Institute of Arts, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45, fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fundacio\u0301n Mapfre, Antonia Castan\u0303o, M. Teresa Ocan\u0303a, Neil Cox, Brigitte Le\u0301al, Valeriano Bozal Ferna\u0301ndez, and Christopher Green. <em>Picasso en el taller: </em>Madrid, Spain : Fundaci\u00f3n MAPFRE, Instituto de Cultura, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fundacio\u0301n Mapfre, Antonia Castan\u0303o, M. Teresa Ocan\u0303a, Neil Cox, Brigitte Le\u0301al, Valeriano Bozal Ferna\u0301ndez, Christopher Green, and Pablo Picasso. <em>Picasso en el taller: 12 febrero-11 mayo 2014</em>. Madrid, Spain : Fundaci\u00f3n MAPFRE, Instituto de Cultura, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 170-171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Guernica and the War Years.\" In <em>Picasso and Paper</em>. William H. Robinson, et al., 202-241. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 218-219, cat. no. 212", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Absolon, Kurt, Bernhard Hainz, and Stefan U\u0308ner. Kurt Absolon: Monografie und Werkverzeichnis. <br>[Weitra] : Verlag Bibliothek der Provinz, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Zervos IX.238", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.57", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 152776, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-05-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1939, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1939", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Still Life with Bull's Skull"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:19.501000"}, {"id": 152017, "accession_number": "1984.68", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fire-flame Cooking Vessel (Ka'en Doki) (\u706b\u7114\u571f\u5668), c. 2500 BCE. Japan, J\u014dmon period (c. 10,500\u2013300 BCE). Earthenware with carved and applied decoration; height: 61 cm (24 in.); diameter: 55.8 cm (21 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1984.68", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "Fire-flame Cooking Vessel (Ka'en Doki)", "title_in_original_language": "\u706b\u7114\u571f\u5668", "creation_date": "c. 2500 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -2750, "creation_date_latest": -2250, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, J\u014dmon period (c. 10,500\u2013300 BCE)"], "technique": "Earthenware with carved and applied decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "height: 61 cm (24 in.); Diameter: 55.8 cm (21 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.558, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "height": {"height": 0.61, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1984</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311640, "title": "Asian Autumn: Early Ceramics from Japan and Korea", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Early Ceramics from Japan and Korea</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 3, 1995).", "opening_date": "1995-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 185532, "title": "Object in Focus:  Jomon Pots:  The World's Oldest Ceramic Tradition", "description": "<i>Object in Focus:  Jomon Pots:  The World's Oldest Ceramic Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-August 26, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 311658, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 7-July 8, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-01-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Gallery Kapitan, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131984", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1984\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Scientifically tested residues from J\u014dmon vessels reveal that their makers consumed detoxified acorns.", "description": "Archaeologists call this kind of vessel \u201cfire flame,\u201d <em>ka\u2019en</em> in Japanese, because its top resembles flames. No one knows why the design was made or what it actually represents. This example is remarkable for the amount that is original. It was recently determined that a bottom from a different vessel was used during its reconstruction in the 1900s, creating a false impression of its intended scale; it would have initially been about four inches shorter. Since their lower portions were set into holes in the ground during use, bases of pots like this one often deteriorate and may be missing when they are excavated.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762201"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.68-fire-flame-cooking-v"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1984.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 2 (1985): 163\u2013207.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 167 and 207, no. 176", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n19"}, {"citation": "Glaubinger, Jane, \"FILL THIS\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 35 no. 08, October 1995", "page_number": "Cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1995-08"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 178\u2013179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Munsterberg, Hugo, and Marjorie Munsterberg. <em>World Ceramics: From Prehistoric to Modern Times</em>. New York: Penguin Studio Books, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 18\u201319, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 80 and 119, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mackey, Maureen. <em>Experience Clay</em>. Worcester, MA: Davis Publications, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58, Fig. 3-24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schirokauer, Conrad. <em>A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations</em>. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140, fig. 6.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>30,000 Years of Art: The Story of Human Creativity Across Time and Space</em>. London: Phaidon, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bell, Julian. <em>Mirror of the World: A New History of Art</em>. New York, NY: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26, plate 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 16\u201317", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, OH]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fortenberry, Diane, ed.<em> The Art Museum.</em> London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92, no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sin\u00e9ad. \u201cTriumphant Returns: Treasured paintings on loan to Japanese museums and archaeological collections go back on display in Cleveland.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>59, no. 1 (January/February 2019): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-01"}, {"citation": "Miyao, Toru \u5bae\u5c3e\u4ea8. \"Flame pot in the Cleveland Museum of Art collection\" [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u53ce\u8535\u306e\u706b\u7114\u578b\u571f\u5668]. <em>Niigata Prefectural Museum of History Research Bulletin </em>[\u65b0\u6f5f\u770c\u7acb\u6b74\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7814\u7a76\u7d00\u8981 = Niigata Kenritsu Rekishi Hakubutsukan kenkyu\u0304 kiyo\u0304] no. 20 (March 2019), pp. 85\u201394.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 85\u201394; Reproduced: fig. 1\u2013fig. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.68", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_web.jpg", "width": "758", "height": "893", "filesize": "81493", "filename": "1984.68_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_print.jpg", "width": "2886", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1002078", "filename": "1984.68_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_full.tif", "width": "4697", "height": "5533", "filesize": "77994088", "filename": "1984.68_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "893", "filesize": "82706"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2788", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1043282"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4517", "height": "5507", "filesize": "74654976"}, "date_created": "2012-05-15T17:22:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "731", "height": "893", "filesize": "78185"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2784", "height": "3400", "filesize": "996016"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4616", "height": "5636", "filesize": "78077948"}, "date_created": "2012-05-15T17:28:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "736", "height": "893", "filesize": "79954"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2801", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1013223"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4639", "height": "5630", "filesize": "78386812"}, "date_created": "2012-05-15T17:30:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "893", "filesize": "103589"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2664", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1426604"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.68/1984.68_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3466", "height": "4422", "filesize": "46008964"}, "date_created": "2002-02-13T21:05:44", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152017, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-09-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -2750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 2500 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Flame-Style Storage Vessel"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:51:44.740000"}, {"id": 159583, "accession_number": "1996.325", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The White Dam, 1939. Raphael Gleitsmann (American, 1910\u20131995). Oil on Masonite; framed: 103.5 x 116 x 5 cm (40 3/4 x 45 11/16 x 1 15/16 in.); unframed: 97.8 x 112.7 cm (38 1/2 x 44 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1996.325", "current_location": "228B Cleveland Artists", "title": "The White Dam", "creation_date": "1939", "creation_date_earliest": 1939, "creation_date_latest": 1939, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, Ohio, Cleveland"], "technique": "oil on Masonite", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Cleveland School", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 103.5 x 116 x 5 cm (40 3/4 x 45 11/16 x 1 15/16 in.); Unframed: 97.8 x 112.7 cm (38 1/2 x 44 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.035, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.16, "width_inch": 45, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.05, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.978, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.127, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"Raphael Gleitsman\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311873, "title": "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946", "description": "<i>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 19-July 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-05-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 227084, "title": "Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (organizer) (October 5-December 31, 2001); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (January 17-March 31, 2002); Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (April 10-June 25, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227934, "title": "The State of the Arts:  A Celebration of Ohio's Rich Artistic Heritage", "description": "<i>The State of the Arts:  A Celebration of Ohio's Rich Artistic Heritage</i>. Riffe Gallery, Columbus, OH (organizer) (March 3-May 4, 2003); The Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, OH (January 18-March 28, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 453007, "title": "Julie Mehretu: Portals", "description": "<i>Julie Mehretu: Portals</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 13, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>American Art Today</em>. 1939 New York World's Fair, New York, NY (April 30, 1939-October 27, 1940).", "opening_date": "1939-04-30T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Raphael Gleitsman: Paintings 1934-1954</em>. The Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, OH (March 7-28, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-03-07T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>A Clevelander Collects Clevelanders: An Exhibit from the Collection of Joseph M. and Elsie Erdelac</em>. Kenneth C. Beck Center for the Cultural Arts, Lakewood, OH (February 12-March 11, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-12T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1996-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sale, Christie\u2019s, New York, Dec. 4, 1996, lot 266, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Consigned by Robert Horton.</div>"], "date": "1996", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Robert B. Horton [1939-2012], Cleveland/London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987-1996", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sale, Wolfs Gallery, Cleveland, OH, April 26, 1987, no. 197, sold to Robert B. Horton)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Joe Erdelac [1914-2005], Cleveland, Ohio, consigned to Wolf", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Erdelac purchased the painting from the artist or his family.</div>"], "date": "Possibly the 1960s-1987", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gleitsmann gave up painting entirely in 1954, claiming he \u201chad nothing to say anymore.\u201d", "description": "Unable to afford tuition, Akron-based Gleitsmann befriended faculty and students at the Cleveland School (now Institute) of Art where eventually he was invited to take classes without registering. <em>The White Dam</em>, a fantastical image of an industrial complex that dwarfs two nude workers, earned his greatest success when it was featured in the New York World\u2019s Fair of 1939. Gleitsmann\u2019s unsettling vision of industry contrasts with the favorable attitudes typically adopted by artists of a previous generation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477346"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Cleveland's Artistic Tradition Highlighted in Museum Exhibition.\"<em> Spotlights</em> Volume 1, Issue 27 (May 16-23, 1996).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Section B", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Important American Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture</em>. 1996. Dec. 4, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "National Art Society.<em> American Art Today: New York World's Fair</em>. New York: National Art Society, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.84", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Raphael Gleitsman: Paintings 1934-1954</em>. Exh. Cat. Youngstown, OH: The Butler Institute of American Art, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Singer, Clyde. \"Akron Artist Honored at Butler Show.\" <em>Youngstown Vindicator</em>, March 7, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.A30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cullinan, Helen. \"Collector shares his treasures of city.\" <em>The Plain Dealer</em>, February 12, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.12D", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beck Center for the Cultural Arts.<em> A Clevelander Collects Clevelanders: An Exhibit from the Collection of Joseph M. and Elsie Erdelac</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Beck Center for the Cultural Arts, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.12 (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cullinan, Helen. \"Standard Oil chief is bullish on art.\" <em>The Plain Dealer</em>, May 9, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.20A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., et. al. <em>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946: Community and Diversity in Early Modern America</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"'96 Spring Arts Preview. Transformations in Cleveland Art: 1825-1945.\"<em> Northern Ohio Live</em> (March 1996).", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kempthorne-Snow, Jan C. \"Transformations in Cleveland Art: A Landmark Exhibition Celebrates Cleveland's Bicentennial.\" <em>Cultural Arts Preview</em> 3 (May-August 1996).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schaefer, Karen. \"A City and its Artists.\"<em> Northern Ohio Live</em> (May 1996).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.12", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Show Documents 'Transformations'\" <em>Canton Repository</em>, May 17, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946.\" <em>Antiques &amp; The Arts Weekly</em>, May 17, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Museum's gift to city: Big bicentennial show is the best imaginable.\" <em>The Plain Dealer</em>, May 19, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.4-K", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Week: What To Do.\" <em>Cleveland Free Times</em>, May 22, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vallongo, Sally. \"Cleveland proudly shows off its rich, varied art heritage.\" <em>Toledo Blade</em>, May 26, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned p.2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum of Art Hosts 'Transformations' through July 21.\" <em>Antique Collector: A Weekly Section of Farm and Dairy</em>, May 30, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: B1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Von Glahn, Michael. \"Painting the Town: A Look Along the Timeline of Cleveland's Artistic Heritage.\" <em>Small Business News</em> (June 1996).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Busta, William. \"Art Museum Greatly Honors Our Own.\" <em>The Cleveland Free Times</em>, June 5, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrist Jr., Robert E. \"Book chronicles Cleveland artists and their works.\" <em>The Plain Dealer</em>, August 11, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.10J", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRenaissance Armor, Early Islamic Ceramic, French Vase, Gleitsman Painting Added to Museum Collection,\u201d December 13, 1996, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4085"}, {"citation": "Chassey, Eric de.<em> Made in USA: l'art ame\u0301ricain, 1908-1947</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.142; Reproduced: p.175", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"L'art americain en quete de son identite.\" <em>Demeures et Chateaux</em> 130 (fevrier-mars 2002).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ohio Historical Society, and Ohio History Connection. <em>Timeline: A Publication of the Ohio Historical Society </em>20, Nos.2,3 (March-June 2003).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.130; Reproduced: p.131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jones, Jennie. \"Personal Favorite.\" <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 53, No.3 (May/June 2013).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.9", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1996.325", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "William P. and Amanda C. Madar Gallery", "athena_id": 159583, "creators": [{"id": 5913, "description": "Raphael Gleitsmann (American, 1910\u20131995)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born in Dayton, Gleitsmann moved to Akron at an early age when his father, an architectural engineer and amateur painter, secured a job in the area. After graduating from high school, he took private drawing lessons for one year with Katherine Calvin. Lacking the funds for tuition, he accepted the invitation of Paul Travis to attend classes informally at the Cleveland School of Art and became friends with other artists there. Primarily a landscape painter, he first exhibited in the annual of the Butler Institute of Art in Youngstown (1936) and had his first solo show at the Massillon (Ohio) Museum (1939). He also exhibited at the New York World\u2019s Fair that year. The Little Gallery of Cleveland College organized his second solo exhibition (1940). In 1943 he began an association with Macbeth Galleries in New York, where he was featured in solo exhibitions (1940s\u201350s). He exhibited in the annuals of the Art Institute of Chicago (1937\u201349), Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia (1944 52), and Carnegie Institute of Art in Pittsburgh (1943\u201348). In 1944\u201345 he served in the U.S. Army as a combat engineer in Europe, an experience that profoundly affected his subsequent subject matter. Previously specializing in American scene depictions, after the war he created images inspired by the bombed cities of Europe. In the late 1940s and early 1950s he taught studio courses at the Akron Art Institute and continued to exhibit on a regular basis. The Akron Art Institute mounted a solo exhibition of his paintings (1948). By the early 1960s Gleitsmann had stopped painting \u201cfor reasons known entirely only to himself.\u201d <br>\"Transformations in Cleveland Art\" (CMA, 1996), p. 229", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1910", "death_year": "1995", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1939, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1939", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 11:24:19.412000"}, {"id": 121188, "accession_number": "1942.1065", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Romaine Lacaux, 1864. Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919). Oil on fabric; framed: 106.7 x 89.2 x 8.9 cm (42 x 35 1/8 x 3 1/2 in.); unframed: 81.3 x 65 cm (32 x 25 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1942.1065", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Romaine Lacaux", "creation_date": "1864", "creation_date_earliest": 1864, "creation_date_latest": 1864, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 106.7 x 89.2 x 8.9 cm (42 x 35 1/8 x 3 1/2 in.); Unframed: 81.3 x 65 cm (32 x 25 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.067, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.892, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.089, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.813, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.65, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed center right: a. renoir / 1864\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338387, "title": "Twenty-one Masterpieces by Seven Great Masters", "description": "<i>Twenty-one Masterpieces by Seven Great Masters</i>. Rosenberg & Co. (organizer) (November 15-December 1, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-11-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311952, "title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding", "description": "<i>Art, A Means to World Understanding</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-April 10, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338390, "title": "A Loan Exhibition of Renoir for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary", "description": "<i>A Loan Exhibition of Renoir for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary</i>. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (March 22-April 29, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-03-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338393, "title": "Youthful Works by Great Artists", "description": "<i>Youthful Works by Great Artists</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (March 10-30, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338396, "title": "Renoir", "description": "<i>Renoir</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (February 3-April 1, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338409, "title": "L'Art en France Sours Le Second Empire (Art in France Under the Second Empire)", "description": "<i>L'Art en France Sours Le Second Empire (Art in France Under the Second Empire)</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (October 1-November 26, 1978); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (January 28-March 18, 1979); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (May 11-August 13, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 343639, "title": "Renoir", "description": "<i>Renoir</i>. Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 30-April 21, 1985); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (May 14-September 2, 1985); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (October 9, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338402, "title": "Les Origines de l'Impressionnisme", "description": "<i>Les Origines de l'Impressionnisme</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (April 19-August 8, 1994); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (September 19, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-04-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211403, "title": "Renoir's Portraits:  Impressions of an Age", "description": "<i>Renoir's Portraits:  Impressions of an Age</i>. National Gallery of Canada (organizer) (June 27-September 14, 1997); The Art Institute of Chicago (October 17, 1997-January 4, 1998); Kimbell Art Museum (February 8-April 26, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-06-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216847, "title": "Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections", "description": "<i>Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art (organizer) (October 10, 1999-January 30, 2000); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (March 25-May 7, 2000); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 28-July 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207204, "title": "Manet/Vel\u00e1zquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting", "description": "<i>Manet/Vel\u00e1zquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 25-June 29, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216824, "title": "Renoir's Women", "description": "<i>Renoir's Women</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (September 23, 2005-January 15, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-09-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition de la jeunesse vue par les ma\u00eetres fran\u00e7ais et \u00e9trangers du XVIe au XIXe si\u00e8cle.</em> Paris, H\u00f4tel Jean Charpentier, Paris, France (1928.", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Art 1200-1900.</em> London, Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom (1932).", "opening_date": "1932-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Renoir 1841-1919.</em> Paris, Mus\u00e9e de L'Orangerie, Paris, France (1933).", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Centennial Loan Exhibition 1841-1941: Renoir.</em> Duveen Galleries, New York, NY (1941).", "opening_date": "1941-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Lacaux family, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edmond Decap, Paris, France, by descent to Mme. Maruice Barret-Decap", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mme. Maurice Barret-Decap, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1929", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Drouot, Paris, France, December 12, 1929, lot 12, Barret-Decap Sale, sold to Roger Berheim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-1941", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Roger Bernheim, Paris, France, sold to Jacques Seligmann & Co.,)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1941", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., New York, NY, December 2, 1941, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-1942", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The son of a poor tailor from Limoges, Renoir began his artistic career at age 13 as an apprentice to a porcelain painter.", "description": "This painting may be Renoir's earliest signed canvas. Its sensitive display of color and light communicates an ideal of delicate, youthful beauty. The luminous tones of the background drapery and of the child's white blouse result from the artist's careful observation of reflected light and color on translucent materials. The delicate nuances of color, particularly in the young girl's face, reveal Renoir's previous training as a decorator of porcelain. He painted this portrait, commissioned by the vacationing Lacaux family, during his stay at an artist's colony in the village of Barbizon, near Paris.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15880875"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1065-romaine-lacaux"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Revue de l'Art Ancien et Moderne</em> 751 (September/October 1928): cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hotel Drouot. \"Auction. December 12, 1929.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 28, no. 7 (16 November, 1929): 11.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hotel Drouot. \"Auction. December 12, 1929.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 28, no. 8 (23 November, 1929): 11.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Imbourg, Pierre. \"The B . . . D . . .Collection.\" <em>Formes; An International Art Review </em>1 (December 1929): 20-21.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20-21; reproduced: opp. p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). <em>Commemorative Catalogue of the Exhibition of French Art, 1200-1900</em>. London, UK: Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109, no.479", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Noel 1933.\"<em> L'Illustration: Journal Universel</em> (1933): 49.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barnes, Albert C., and Violette De Mazia. <em>The Art of Renoir</em>. New York, NY: Minton, Balch &amp; Co, 1935.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 255", "url": null}, {"citation": "Florisoone, Michel, Frederic Lees, and Andre\u0301 Gloeckner. <em>Renoir</em>. New York, NY: French and European Publications, Inc, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. <em>Modern French Painters</em>. New York, NY: Reynal &amp; Hitchcock, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 339", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \"Celebrating Renoir's Centenary: A Bright Galaxy.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 40 (15-30 November 1941): 16-21.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 16-21.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Melle Romaine Lacaux by Renoir.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XXX, no. 6 (June, 1943): 92-98.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, E. P. \"Mlle. Romaine Lacaux by Renoir.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> 6, no. 2 (Spring 1943): 150, 156.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 156; reproduced: p. 150", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davidson, Alfred. \"Cleveland Buys Goya and Renoir Portraits.\" <em>Art Digest </em>17, no. 17 (1 June 1943): 7.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Renoir and Goya Meet in Cleveland.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 42, no. 8 (June/July 1943): 35.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.35", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>ARTnews</em> 42, no. 17 (15-31 January 1944): cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n44"}, {"citation": "Vaudoyer, Jean-Louis. <em>Les impressionnistes de Manet a\u0300 Ce\u0301zanne</em>. Paris, FR: Nouvelles e\u0301ditions franc\u0327aises, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zahar, Marcel. <em>Renoir</em>. New York, NY: Authentic Publications, 1948.", "page_number": "Figs. 1, 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>ARTnews Annual 1948</em>. New York, N.Y.: Newsweek, Inc, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co. <em>Loan Exhibition of 21 Masterpieces by 7 Great Masters ... for the Benefit of the Public Education Association, November 15th to December 18th, 1948</em>. New York, N.Y.: P. Rosenberg &amp; Co, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Pictures on Exhibit </em>11, no. 3 (December 1948): cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue de reproductions en couleurs de la peinture de 1860 a\u0300 ... = Catalogue of colour reproductions of painting from 1860 to ... = Cata\u0301logo de reproducciones en color de la pintura de 1860 a</em>. Paris, FR: Unesco, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 297", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>ARTnews Annual 1948-1949</em>. New York, N.Y.: Newsweek, Inc, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pach, Walter. <em>Pierre Auguste Renoir</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32-33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Impressionists and Symbolists: Manet, Degas, Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, Renoir, Cezanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York, NY: Scribner, 1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93, fig. 92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein and Company (New York, N.Y.), and Daniel Wildenstein. <em>A Loan Exhibition of Renoir for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary, March 23-April 29, 1950 at Wildenstein</em>. 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 1, Reproduced: frontispiece", "url": null}, {"citation": "Towndrow, Kenneth Romney. \u201cFrench Painters.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 55 (February 1952): 43\u201348.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 501", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n92"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Encyclopedia of World Art</em>. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 12, p. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seligman, Germain. <em>Merchants of Art: 1880-1960; Eighty Years of Professional Collecting</em>. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rostrup, Haavard. \"Studier I Fransk Portraetmaleri: Renoir og Bonnard.\" <em>Meddelelser fra Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek </em>20 (1963): 1-24.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8; reproduced: p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. <em>Style, Truth, and the Portrait</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 88.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"A Symposium Honoring Professor Wolfgang Stechow : Youthful Works by Great Artists.\" <em>Bulletin / Allen Memorial Art Museum / Allen Memorial Art Museum</em>20.1963, 77-220 : Ill. ; 8 (1963).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"From Turner to Guston.\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>78 (December 1963): 184-488.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 484", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lambourne, Nigel. <em>Renoir: Paintings, Drawings, Lithographs, and Etchings</em>. London, UK: Folio Society, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n197"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Cabanne, Pierre. <em>Renoir.</em> [Paris]: Re\u0301alite\u0301s-Hachette, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 46-47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daulte, Franc\u0327ois. <em>Auguste Renoir: catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'\u0153uvre peint</em>. Lausanne: Durand-Ruel, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33, vol. 1 no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fezzi, Elda. <em>L'opera completa di Renoir nel periodo impressionista, 1869-1883.</em> Milano: Rizzoli, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daulte, Franc\u0327ois. <em>Auguste Renoir</em>. Milano, IT: Fratelli Fabbri Editori, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74, fig. 1864", "url": null}, {"citation": "Champa, Kermit Swiler. <em>Studies in Early Impressionism</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49, pl. 16, mentioned: p. 34-38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Renoir, Auguste, and John Maxon. <em>Paintings by Renoir</em>. [Chicago]: Art Institute of Chicago, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kuroe, Mitsuhiko. <em>Renoir</em>. Tokyo, Japan: Shincho-sha, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wheldon, Keith, and Auguste Renoir. <em>Renoir and His Art</em>. London, UK: Hamlyn, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12, pl. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pach, Walter. <em>Auguste Renoir: Leben und Werk</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Verlag M. DuMont Schauberg, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61, pl. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Mazia, Violette. \"E Pluribus Unum--Cont'd: Part IV.\" <em>Journal of the Art Department </em>8, no. 2 (Autumn 1977): 3-42.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5; reproduced: pl.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Callen, Anthea. <em>Renoir</em>. London, UK: Oresko Books,1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n235"}, {"citation": "Moulin, Jean-Marie. \"The Art of the Second Empire.\" <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>114, no. 4 (October 1978): 776-783.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 777", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France), Philadelphia Museum of Art, Detroit Institute of Arts, and Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux (France). <em>L'Art en France sous le Second Empire: [exposition], Grand Palais, 11 mai-13 aou\u0302t 1979</em>. Paris: La Re\u0301union, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. VI, Reproduced: p. 348-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Nathaniel. <em>A Treasury of Impressionism</em>. London, UK: Optimum, 1979.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Renoir: </em>Hayward Gallery, London, UK, January 30 - April 21, 1985, Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, FR, May 14 - September 2, 1985, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA. October 9 -January 5, 1986. Paris, FR: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1985.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 1, p. 182, Reproduced: p. 37, 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Renoir, Auguste. <em>Renoir: Hayward Gallery, London, 30 January-21 April 1985, Galeries Nationales Du Grand Palais, Paris, 14 May-2 September 1985, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 9 October 1985-5 January 1986</em>. [London]: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 1, 37,182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tinterow, Gary, and Henri Loyrette. <em>Origins of Impressionism</em>. 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 254-255", "url": null}, {"citation": "Drucker, Michel. <em>Renoir</em>. Paris, FR: P. Tisne\u0301, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25, pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Renoir's Portraits: Impressions of an Age (Exhibition), Auguste Renoir, Colin B. Bailey, John Bruce Collins, Linda Nochlin, and Anne Distel. <em>Renoir's Portraits: Impressions of an Age</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 3, p. 21-23, 94-96, 268", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnston, Sona.<em> Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</em>. New York, NY : Rizzoli, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145, cat. no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 526-529, Vol. II, no. 184", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Joannides, Paul. <em>Renoir: sa vie, son oeuvre</em>. Courbevoie, FR: Soline, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sekai bijutsukan no tabi</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Sho\u0304gakukan, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 310", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tinterow, Gary, Genevie\u0300ve Lacambre, and Deborah L. Rolda\u0301n. <em>Manet/Vela\u0301zquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 516, fig. 1.64, p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pach, Walter, and Auguste Renoir. <em>Pierre Auguste Renoir</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, Publishers, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48-49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fahy, Everett, Elizabeth E. Barker, and Jayne Wrightsman. <em>The Wrightsman pictures</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumas, Ann, and John Bruce Collins. <em>Renoir's Women</em>. London, UK: Merrell, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41, fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burgess, Margaret B., \"Side by Side\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 05, May/June 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-05/page/8"}, {"citation": "Kagawa, Kyo\u0304ko. <em>Runowa\u0304ru</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Sho\u0304gakukan, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dauberville, Guy-Patrice, Michel Dauberville, and Camille Fre\u0301montier-Murphy. <em>Renoir: catalogue raisonne\u0301 des tableaux, pastels, dessins et aquarelles</em>. Paris, FR: E\u0301ditions Bernheim-Jeune, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 485, fig. 489", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Off the Walls.\" <em>Fine Art Connoisseur </em>5, no. 5 (September/October 2008):67-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomas, Greg M. <em>Impressionist Children: Childhood, Family, and Modern Identity in French Art</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 289", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Auf der Such nach dem Museumparkplatz.\" <em>Weltkuns</em>t. 154 (march 2019): 68", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" CAN Journal (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \u201cPortrait of Renoir.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 4 (Fall 2021): 28.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2021-04"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1065", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "900", "filesize": "245264", "filename": "1942.1065_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_print.jpg", "width": "2706", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3262188", "filename": "1942.1065_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_full.tif", "width": "11255", "height": "14143", "filesize": "477570348", "filename": "1942.1065_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "249889"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3517867"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_alt0_full.tif", "width": "16000", "height": "12000", "filesize": "576031536"}, "date_created": "2017-05-08T11:39:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "228052"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3081699"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_alt1_full.tif", "width": "16000", "height": "12000", "filesize": "576030924"}, "date_created": "2017-05-08T11:31:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "117970"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2708", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5893608"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1065/1942.1065_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3983", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59776132"}, "date_created": "2006-04-10T17:59:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 121188, "creators": [{"id": 1765, "description": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Renoir's parents, a tailor and a dressmaker, moved their family to Paris in 1844. At age thirteen Renoir apprenticed with the porcelain decorators Levy Fr\u00e8res &amp; Cie. He earned money by painting fans, blinds, and murals for caf\u00e9s. In 1860 he registered to copy Old Master paintings in the Louvre and, the following year, entered the studio of Charles Gleyre (1806-1874), where he met Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Monet (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.). In 1862 he was also accepted at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. With his friends from Gleyre's studio, he began working en plein air and, during a visit to the forest of Fontainebleau, was introduced to Diaz de la Pe\u00f1a (q.v.). After a failed attempt in 1863, Renoir's first painting was accepted at the Salon of 1864, the same year he painted Cleveland's portrait of Romaine Lacaux. More typical of this early period, however, is the painting Diana the Huntress (1867, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), which reveals Courbet's (q.v.) influence. Around 1867 Renoir shared a studio with Bazille and Monet, the latter becoming an important influence on his art. Renoir and Monet's comparable impressionist style during this period is evident in two paintings each made at La grenouill\u00e8re (all four titled La grenouill\u00e8re, 1869: Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, and Pushkin Museum, Moscow [Renoir]; National Gallery, London, and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York [Monet]),1 a bathing establishment on the Seine. After Renoir's military service during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), Monet introduced him to the dealer Durand-Ruel, who began purchasing his works. Renoir's submissions to the Salon were regularly refused, which encouraged him to participate in the first impressionist exhibition in 1874 and the 1875 auction at H\u00f4tel Drouot, where his works were ridiculed by the critics. At the third impressionist exhibition in 1877, he showed Ball at the Moulin de la Galette (1876, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris), in which he addressed a subject of modern life, one of his most characteristic impressionist paintings on a grand scale, with a rich pattern of light and shadow. In 1878 he returned to the Salon and became quite successful, establishing his reputation as a portraitist (1878, Mme Charpentier and her Children, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). He continued to use this official venue for the next several years, declining to exhibit with the impressionists. This decision was partly generated by the fact that his newfound clientele would be more appreciative of his participating in the Salon. He was supported by his patrons, particularly the Charpentiers, owners of a publishing house, whose journal La vie moderne furthered Renoir's reputation. After a trip to North Africa and Italy in 1881, he joined C\u00e9zanne at L'Estaque. Throughout the 1880s and 1890s Renoir traveled extensively through Brittany, Normandy, Provence, and Spain. In the mid-1880s he began to experiment with more linear contours, the application of thinner paint layers, and smoother brush strokes. This so-called Ingresque period, which had a very mixed reception, lasted for about six years. He then reflected upon the achievements of the Old Masters and favored a more fluid style, after which he returned to using broader brush strokes and more vibrant colors. In 1886 he was given a one-man show by Durand-Ruel. By 1900 Renoir was an established artist: he became Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1900 and four years later was honored at the Salon d'Automne with a gallery devoted to his works. Beginning in 1912 he suffered from rheumatism and began using a wheelchair, yet he continued to work until the end of his life. He now often stayed in southern France, where he owned property in Cagnes-sur-Mer. Renoir regularly exhibited his works at the Durand-Ruel and Bernheim-Jeune galleries in Paris, as well as elsewhere in Europe and in the United States.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1841", "death_year": "1919", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1864, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1864", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mlle. Romaine Lacaux"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-01 14:16:21.952000"}, {"id": 123168, "accession_number": "1943.392", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Call, 1902. Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903). Oil on fabric; framed: 160.5 x 119 x 9.5 cm (63 3/16 x 46 7/8 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 131.3 x 89.5 cm (51 11/16 x 35 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1943.392", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "The Call", "creation_date": "1902", "creation_date_earliest": 1902, "creation_date_latest": 1902, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 19th-early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 160.5 x 119 x 9.5 cm (63 3/16 x 46 7/8 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 131.3 x 89.5 cm (51 11/16 x 35 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.605, "height_inch": 63, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.19, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.313, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.895, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: P. Gauguin / 1902\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338414, "title": "A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary", "description": "<i>A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary</i>. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (April 3-27, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311952, "title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding", "description": "<i>Art, A Means to World Understanding</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-April 10, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338417, "title": "The Variety of Artistic Production", "description": "<i>The Variety of Artistic Production</i>. Akron Art Museum (January 12-February 26, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338420, "title": "Gauguin in Tahiti", "description": "<i>Gauguin in Tahiti</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (April 1-May 14, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338424, "title": "Masterpieces From Museums and Private Collections", "description": "<i>Masterpieces From Museums and Private Collections</i>. Wildenstein & Co. (organizer) (November 7-December 15, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338427, "title": "Paul Gauguin, His Place in the Meeting of East and West", "description": "<i>Paul Gauguin, His Place in the Meeting of East and West</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (March 27-April 25, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-03-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338430, "title": "An Exhibition of Paintings, Engravings and Sculpture by Gauguin", "description": "<i>An Exhibition of Paintings, Engravings and Sculpture by Gauguin</i>. Gallery of the Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh (August 21-September 18, 1955); Tate Britain, London (September 29-October 26, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-09-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338442, "title": "The Turn of the Century-Exhibition of Masterpieces", "description": "<i>The Turn of the Century-Exhibition of Masterpieces</i>. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (October 1-November 18, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338449, "title": "Gauguin: Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture", "description": "<i>Gauguin: Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (February 12-March 29, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (April 22-May 30, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 195556, "title": "Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889", "description": "<i>Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 18, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition Paul Gauguin.</em> Galerie Ambroise Vollard, Paris, France (1903).", "opening_date": "1903-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Manet and the Post-Impressionists</em>. Grafton Galleries, London, United Kingdom (1910-1911).", "opening_date": "1910-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>St\u00e4dtische Ausstellungshalle am Aachener Tor.</em> Internationale Kunstausstellung des Sonderbundes westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und K\u00fcnstler. Cologne, Germany (1912).", "opening_date": "1912-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Modern French Paintings</em>. Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Five Centuries of European Painting</em>. Los Angeles Museum, Los Angeles, CA (1933).", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>An Exhibition of Literature and Poetry in Painting since 1850</em>. Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT (1933).", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture.</em> Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (1934).", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Paul Gauguin 1848-1903.</em> Wildenstein &amp; Co, New York, NY: 1936; Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA: 1936. Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masters of French 19th Century Painting.</em> New Burlington Galleries, London. United Kingdom (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Great Tradition of French Painting</em>. Wildenstein &amp; Co, New York, NY (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ambroise Vollard [1866-1939], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Baron Wolf Kohner [1866-1937], Budapest, Hungary", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1912-1933", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, November 9, 1943, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1933-1943", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although known as one of the founders of modern art, Gauguin found inspiration in ancient Greek, Roman, and Egyptian art. The woman with the pointing finger on the right side of this painting was taken from a figure on the Parthenon frieze.", "description": "Painted on a remote island in Polynesia a year before the artist's death, <em>The Call</em> belongs to a series of late works that explore the mysteries of life and death. Two women stand with bare feet, as if on sacred ground. One woman gestures to someone outside the picture, perhaps responding to a \"call\" from fate or destiny. Gauguin realized his ambition of painting from memory and the imagination through such mysterious, dreamlike images.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60024293"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.392-the-call"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Haberfeld, Hugo. \"Die franz\u00f6sischen Bilder der Sammlung Kohner.\" <em>Der Cicerone</em> 3 (1911): 579-589.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 587, abb. 8; mentioned: p. 589", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petrovics, Elek. \"B\u00e1r\u00f3 Kohner Adolf Gy\u00fcjt\u00e9menye.\" <em>Magyar M\u00fcv\u00e9szet</em> <em>(Hungarian Art)</em> 6 (1929): 300-322.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 319; mentioned: p. 321", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"List of Paintings.\" <em>Art Digest </em>8 (June 1, 1934): 12-24.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gauguin, Paul. translated by Van Wyck Brooks. <em>Paul Gauguin's Intimate Journals</em>. New York: Crown Publishers, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \u201cGauguin: Fifty Paintings in a First American One Man Loan Exhibition.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 34 (March 21, 1936): 5\u20136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>24 (July to December 1936): 278.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 278", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John, and Andre\u0301 Gloeckner. <em>Gauguin</em>. New York, NY: French and European Publications, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gaunt, William. \u201cPaul Gauguin.\u201d <em>London Studio</em> 16 (November 1938): 232\u201338.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232", "url": null}, {"citation": "Malingue, Maurice. <em>Gauguin.</em> Monaco: Les Documents d'Art, 1943.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. xii", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"L'Appel by Paul Gauguin.\"<em> The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art,</em> no. XXXI, no. 31 (January, 1944): 3-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, mentioned: p. 3-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cGauguin\u2019s L\u2019Appel Given to Cleveland.\u201d <em>Art Digest</em> 18 (January 15, 1944): 8.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Gauguin l'Appel.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 42, no. 17 (15-31 January, 1944): 15.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cYear in Art: A Review of 1944 Including Art News\u2019 Selection of the Ten Outstanding One Man Shows.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 43 (January 1, 1945): 26\u201327.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [4]", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n12"}, {"citation": "\u201cL\u2019appel.\u201d <em>American Artist</em> 9 (December 1945): 23.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunstverein fu\u0308r die Rheinlande und Westfalen. <em>Franzo\u0308sische Impressionisten und ihre Zeitgenossen in Farbdrucken; eine Auswahl von siebzig Gema\u0308lden mit neun Biographien und vierundzwanzig Abbildungen</em>. Baden-Baden, Germany: W. Klein, 1946.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein and Company (New York, N.Y.), Vladimir Visson, and Raymond Cogniat. <em>A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin, For the Benefit of the New York Infirmary. April 3-May 4, 1946 at Wildenstein</em>. 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cogniat, Raymond. <em>Gauguin</em>. Paris, FR: P. Tisne, 1947.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Unesco. <em>Catalogue de reproductions en couleurs de la peinture de 1860 a\u0300 ... = Catalogue of colour reproductions of painting from 1860 to ... = Cata\u0301logo de reproducciones en color de la pintura de 1860 a</em>. Paris, FR: Unesco, 1949", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elgar, Frank. <em>Gauguin</em>. Paris, FR: F. Hazan, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. \"Paul Gauguin 1848-1903.\" <em>Maandblad voor Beeldende Kunsten </em>25 (1949): 106-110.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Impressionists and Symbolists: Manet, Degas, Monet, Pissarro, Sisley, Renoir, Cezanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York, NY: Scribner, 1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173, fig. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dovski, Lee van. <em>Paul Gauguin, oder, Die Flucht vor der Zivilisation.</em> Olten: Delphi, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 355,no. 396", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davis, Richard S. \"Gauguin Landscape Purchased from Eliel Memorial Fund.\" <em>Minneapolis Institute of Arts Bulletin</em> 39, no. 13 (April 1, 1950): 62-67.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Gauguin in Tahiti\" <em>Bulletin of the Minneapolis Institute of Arts</em> 39 (1 April 1950): 66-67", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bazin, Germain, and Marc Loge\u0301. <em>History of Painting</em>. New York, NY: Hyperion Press, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorival, Bernard. \"Sources of the Art of Gauguin from Java, Egypt and Ancient Greece.\" <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 93 (1951): 118-123.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 25; mentioned: fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robb, David M. <em>The Harper History of Painting: The Occidental Tradition. </em>New York: Harper, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 789-790, 794, 806-807; reproduced: p. 788", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein and Company (New York, N.Y.). <em>Masterpieces from Museums and Private Collections: Wildenstein Jubilee Loan Exhibition, 1901-1951 ... November 8 - December 15, 1951 ... New York</em>. [New York]: Wildenstein, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cL\u2019appel.\u201d <em>Journal of Aesthetics &amp; Art Criticism</em> 12 (December 1953): 144.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorra, Henri. \u201cGauguin and His Century; a Houston Museum Show Reveals How East Meets West in Gauguin\u2019s Style.\u201d <em>Art Digest</em> 28 (March 15, 1954): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gauguin, Paul. <em>Paul Gauguin: His Place in the Meeting of East and West : Museum of Fine Arts of Houston, March 27-April 25, 1954</em>. Houston [Tex.]: Museum of Fine Arts of Houston, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gauguin, Paul. <em>An Exhibition of Paintings, Engravings &amp; Sculpture [by] Gauguin</em>. Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Academy, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned cat. no. 63, p. 35, Reproduced: frontispiece", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gauguin, Paul, Sigurd Willoch, and Kunstnervorbundet (Norway). <em>Paul Gauguin : 11. November-1. December 1955</em>. Oslo: Kunstnerforbundet, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 35, Reproduced: opp. title page", "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Tralbaut, M. E. \"De Gauguin-tentoonstelling te Londen.\" <em>Museumjournaal </em>1, no. 5/6 (December 1955): 93-97.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. \"Notes on Paul Gauguin Apropos a Recent Exhibition.\" <em>Burlington Magazine </em>98 (March 1956): 84-92.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldwater, Robert. <em>Paul Gauguin</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 156-157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Gauguin Drawings</em>. New York, NY: T. Yoseloff, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 111-115", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 511", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n94"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, J</em>r. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred. \"Cleveland: Model Museum for a Modern Cosmopolis.\" ARTnews 57, no. 1 (March 1958): 24-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gauguin, Paul, and Theodore Rousseau. <em>Gauguin--Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture: [Exhibition], the Art Institute of Chicago, [Feb. 12-Mar. 29, 1959], the Metropolitan Museum of Art, [Apr. 23-May 31, 1959]</em>. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 68, p. 21-22", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Gauguin at the Metropolitan.\" <em>Pictures on Exhibit</em> 22, no. 8 (May 1959): 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward. \"From Turner to Guston.\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>68, no. 22 (December 1963): 481-488.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 485; mentioned: p. 487", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. <em>Gauguin</em>. Paris, FR: Les Beaux-Arts, E\u0301ditions d'E\u0301tudes et de Documents, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 612", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alley, Ronald. <em>Gauguin</em>. London: Spring Books, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48; Reproduced: pl. XLVIII", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n205"}, {"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise. <em>Gauguin</em>. Paris, FR: Librairie ge\u0301ne\u0301rale franc\u0327ais], 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 313-315", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krause, Joseph H. <em>The Nature of Art</em>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. ,", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n205"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n1"}, {"citation": "Munro, Thomas. <em>Form and Style in the Arts: An Introduction to Aesthetic Morphology</em>. Cleveland, OH: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. VII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald . <em>The Drawings of Gauguin</em>. Feltham, UK: Hamlyn, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Awazu, Norio. <em>Go\u0304gyan Gauguin.</em> Tokyo: Shu\u0304eisha, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mandel, Gabriele. <em>L'opera completa di Gauguin</em>. Milano, IT: Rizzoli, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 440", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bowness, Alan. <em>Modern European Art.</em> [New York]: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62, fig. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wadley, Nicholas. <em>Gauguin: 116 Reproductions</em>. Oxford, UK: Phaidon, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 223", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n243"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>The Spirit of Surrealism</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46-47, 185; Reproduced: p. 46, fig. 5; colorplate I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fezzi, Elda. <em>Gauguin: Every Painting I-II.</em> New York: Rizzoli, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90, no. 594", "url": null}, {"citation": "Amann, Per Amann. <em>Paul Gauguin</em>. Ramerding, Germany: Berghaus, 1980.", "page_number": "Pl. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yasunori, Tan\u02bco. <em>Go\u0304gan</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Ko\u0304dansha, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124, no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldwater, Robert. <em>Paul Gauguin</em>. Norwalk, Conn: Easton Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124-125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vance, Mary Lynn Zink. <em>Gauguin's Polynesian Pantheon As a Visual Language.</em> Thesis Ph.D. University of California, Santa Barbara 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 171, 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cLooking at Art: The Woman in the Waves.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 83 (March 1984): 104\u20136.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 104-106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le Pichon, Yann. <em>Sur les traces de Gauguin</em>. Paris, FR: R. Laffont, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Motoe, Kunio. <em>Go\u0304gyan</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shu\u0304eisha, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Abe, Nobuo, and Kimio Nakayama. <em>Go\u0304gyan: rakuen no maboroshi</em>. Tokyo, Japan: Sankei Shinbun Shashin Nyu\u0304su Senta\u0304, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Faulkner, Ray, Edwin Ziegfeld, and Howard J. Smagula. <em>Art Today: An Introduction to the Visual Arts</em>. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64, pl. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoog, Michel. <em>Paul Gauguin, Life and Work</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 204; mentioned: p. 269, 281", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le Pichon, Yann. <em>Gauguin: Life, Art, Inspiration</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prather, Marla and Charles F. Stuckey. <em>Gauguin: A Retrospective</em>. New York, NY: H.L. Levin Associates, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 346", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science</em>, 1860-1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. <em>The Art of Paul Gauguin</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 494, Mentioned: p. 492-494", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise. <em>Gauguin</em>. Paris, FR: Flammarion, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise. <em>Gauguin \"ce malgre\u0301 moi de sauvage\"</em>. Paris, FR: Gallimard, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahn, Isabelle. <em>Gauguin</em>. Milano, IT: Giorgio Mondadori, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Motoe, Kunio. Go\u0304gyan = Paul Gauguin. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schneeberger, Pierre-Francis. <em>Gauguin, Tahiti</em>. Paris, FR: Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85, 113; Reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kimura, Shigenobu, Shu\u0304ji Takashina, Ko\u0304ichi Kabayama, Yasuto O\u0304ta, and Yasunori Tan\u02bco. <em>Seikimatsu no yume = The dream of fin de sie\u0300cle</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Ko\u0304dansha, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Belinda. <em>Gauguin by Himself</em>. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 220", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maillol, Aristide, Ursel Berger, and Jo\u0308rg Zutter. <em>Aristide Maillol</em>. Paris, FR: Flammarion, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelfrey, Robert H. <em>Art and Mass Media</em>. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 7, p. 26; Mentioned: p, 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eisenman, Stephen. <em>Gauguin's Skirt</em>. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101, Mentioned: p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "d' Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 282-286, no. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. p. 53, Mentioned: p. 52-53, Listed: p.118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Natter, Tobias G. <em>Die Galerie Miethke: eine Kunsthandlung im Zentrum der Moderne</em>. Wien, Austria: Ju\u0308disches Museum der Stadt Wien, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rebeyrotte, Jean-Franc\u0327ois. Rebeyrotte. <em>Paul Gauguin</em>. Paris: Somogy Editions d'Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 48-49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahn, Isabelle, and Bernadette Caille. <em>Gauguin - Tahiti- l'Atelier des Tropiques: [3 octobre 2003-19 janvier 2004, Galeries Nationales du Grand P alais, Paris]</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William, \"World Tour Comes to Cleveland\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 08, October 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-08/page/2/"}, {"citation": "Eisenman, Stephen, and Guillermina Rosenkrantz. <em>Paul Gauguin</em>. Barcelona, Spain: Estudi Poligrafa, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walther, Ingo F. <em>Paul Gauguin, 1848-1903 : the primitive sophisticate. </em>Taschen America Llc, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84-85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Figura, Starr, Elizabeth C. Childs, Hal Foster, and Erika Mosier. <em>Gauguin: Metamorphoses</em>. The Museum of Modern Art, NY: 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219, fig. 184", "url": null}, {"citation": "Molnos, Pe\u0301ter. <em>Aranykorok romjain: tanulma\u0301nyok a modern magyar feste\u0301szet e\u0301s mu\u030bgyu\u030bjte\u0301s to\u0308rte\u0301nete\u0301bo\u030bl a Kieselbach Gale\u0301ria alapi\u0301ta\u0301sa\u0301nak huszadik e\u0301vfordulo\u0301ja\u0301n.</em> Budapest: Kieselbach, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. <em>On Modern Beauty: Three Paintings by Manet, Gauguin, and Cezanne</em>. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 45, no. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paul Gauguin: Teuraheimata a Potoru, a Rediscovery.</em> New York: Jill Newhouse Gallery; [Akron, Ohio]: Thomas French Fine Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.392", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "900", "filesize": "243342", "filename": "1943.392_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_print.jpg", "width": "2291", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3236257", "filename": "1943.392_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_full.tif", "width": "10517", "height": "15608", "filesize": "492479392", "filename": "1943.392_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "900", "filesize": "154264"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2344", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2109862"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5257", "height": "7624", "filesize": "120267220"}, "date_created": "2018-10-15T10:14:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "252101"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2517791"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5855", "height": "7320", "filesize": "128604832"}, "date_created": "2018-10-15T10:38:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "588", "filesize": "220226"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2221", "filesize": "2406568"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5943", "height": "3882", "filesize": "69241656"}, "date_created": "2018-10-15T10:32:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "753", "filesize": "252174"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2846", "filesize": "2602845"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5528", "height": "4628", "filesize": "76779696"}, "date_created": "2018-10-15T10:25:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "277730"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "4029853"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt4_full.tif", "width": "15994", "height": "11995", "filesize": "575574160"}, "date_created": "2017-08-03T11:30:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "893", "filesize": "422433"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2287", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5787885"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3968", "height": "5899", "filesize": "70255276"}, "date_created": "2007-07-23T17:54:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "603", "height": "893", "filesize": "440145"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2294", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5682615"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.392/1943.392_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3374", "height": "5000", "filesize": "50638868"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 123168, "creators": [{"id": 1776, "description": "Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Gauguin spent the first seven years of his life with his mother and great uncle in Peru. In 1855 his mother took him back to France where he attended boarding school. He joined the merchant marine when he was seventeen and began traveling around South America. When Gauguin's mother died in 1868, Gustave Arosa, an art collector and photographer, became his legal guardian. Arosa's collection included works by Corot (q.v.), Courbet (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), and the Barbizon painters, and it was he who would encourage Gauguin to start painting. In 1872 Arosa found a job for Gauguin at a brokerage firm, giving him financial security. The following year he married a Danish woman, Mette Gad. Gauguin had already started painting and sculpting in his spare time and first exhibited at the Salon in 1876 with a landscape.1 He was asked by Pissarro (q.v.) and Degas (q.v.) to participate in the fourth impressionist exhibition in 1879, where from then on he would exhibit regularly. Durand-Ruel began purchasing his paintings, and in turn Gauguin started to collect the works of his colleagues, such as Manet (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.) and, in particular, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.) and Pissarro. He went to Pontoise in 1882, where he painted with C\u00e9zanne and Pissarro, who along with Degas continued to influence him at this period. In 1883 Gauguin decided to become a full-time artist. In 1884 he moved with his wife and children to Rouen and then to Copenhagen, but he failed to earn a comfortable living. He returned to Paris in 1886 and met ceramicist Ernest Chaplet (1835-1909), who introduced him to his m\u00e9tier. Gauguin distanced himself from impressionism and in 1888 worked in Pont-Aven with \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), who had been experimenting with creating compositions using flat areas of color and dark outlines (cloissonism). Gauguin also studied Japanese prints and Indonesian art. The impact of these influences is evident in Gauguin's Vision after the Sermon: Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1888, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh), so far removed from his earlier impressionist style. Succumbing to van Gogh's (q.v.) many requests, Gauguin agreed to travel to Arles and paint with the artist; their characters, however, proved incompatible. Theo van Gogh, who worked for Boussod Valadon &amp; Cie, would in the meantime sell Gauguin's work. For the next two years, Gauguin traveled often around Brittany. In search of a more pure and unspoiled culture, he auctioned off his paintings in 1891 in order to finance a journey to Tahiti. Upon his arrival, he was disappointed to find many expatriates and developed areas, yet he was still able to capture in his works an uncultivated spirit. He not only made paintings but also created bold woodcuts and sculptures and was an avid writer. Gauguin returned to France in 1893, where he was given a solo exhibition by Durand-Ruel that was not particularly successful. He decided to leave Europe again in 1895, moving to Tahiti and later to Hivaoa, a more remote island in the Marquesas. Because he abandoned naturalistic colors and used formal distortions in order to achieve expressive compositions, Gauguin's work became an inspiration for many subsequent artists. 1. Possibly Wildenstein 1964, no. 12.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1848", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-11-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1902, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1902", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["L'appel (The Call)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:20:19.122000"}, {"id": 141935, "accession_number": "1965.474", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Samuel Williams, c. 1817. Washington Allston (American, 1779\u20131843). Oil on canvas; framed: 172.5 x 142.5 x 14 cm (67 15/16 x 56 1/8 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 142.2 x 111.8 cm (56 x 44 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1965.474", "current_location": "205 Federal American", "title": "Samuel Williams", "creation_date": "c. 1817", "creation_date_earliest": 1812, "creation_date_latest": 1827, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 172.5 x 142.5 x 14 cm (67 15/16 x 56 1/8 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 142.2 x 111.8 cm (56 x 44 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.725, "height_inch": 67, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.425, "width_inch": 56, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.14, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 1.422, "height_inch": 56, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.118, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444326, "title": "A Cloudy Symbol: Washington Allston in Retrospect", "description": "<i>A Cloudy Symbol: Washington Allston in Retrospect</i>. Lowe Art Museum, Miami, FL (organizer) (March 6-April 13, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442407, "title": "\"A Man of Genius\": The Art of Washington Allston", "description": "<i>\"A Man of Genius\": The Art of Washington Allston</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (December 11, 1979-February 3, 1980); Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, PA (February 28-April 27, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-12-11T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Boston, The Athenaeum Gallery: Annual Exhibition (1835), no. 60", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Boston, Harding's Gallery, Exhibition of Pictures Painted by Washington Allston, (1839) no. 34", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Boston, The Athenaeum Gallery, Annual Exhibition (1850), no. 62", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Catalogue of Works of Art Exhibited: Pt. 2, Paintings, Drawings, Engravings, and Decorative Art, (1881) no. 203", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Detroit, Detroit Institute of Arts, Washington Allston (1948), no. 110", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, Detroit Institute of Arts, Collection in Progress (1955), no. 4", "opening_date": "1955-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "United States Information Agency, Tour of South America (1956-57), no. 5", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "United States Information Agency, Tour of Greece and Israel (1958), no. 8", "opening_date": "1958-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Milwaukee, Milwaukee Art Center, American Painting 1760-1960, (3 March - 3 April1960), p. 16.", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Tucson, University of Arizona Art Gallery, American Painting 1765-1963, (1964), illus. pg. 17, cat. no, 2.", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, Golden Anniversary Acquisitions, (1966), cat. no. 54", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Coral Gables, Lowe Art Museum, The Paintings of Washington Allston, (6 March - 13 April 1975) cat. no, 17, discussed in text on pg. 9.", "opening_date": "1975-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, \"Man of Genius\" The Art of Washington Allston (1779-1843), (1979) fig. 48, p. 71, discussed in text on pg. 86.", "opening_date": "1979-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Timothy Williams, Boston; Mrs. W. Pratt; Theodore Lyman, Brookline, Mass.; Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence A. Fleischman, Detroit; Kennedy Galleries, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Allston experimented with painting recipes, even attempting to mix his pigment colors with skimmed milk.", "description": "Allston\u2019s portrait of his London banker and business agent explores the experience of reverie. Williams looks off absently, perhaps inspired by the pictures in the book he holds. With its view of an Italianate landscape beyond the columns of this invented setting, the painting seemingly invites viewers to join the sitter in dreaming about faraway places.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483468"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.474-samuel-williams"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n185"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n185"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n220"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48 - 49", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.474", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.474/1965.474_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "359390", "filename": "1965.474_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.474/1965.474_print.jpg", "width": "2674", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6245724", "filename": "1965.474_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.474/1965.474_full.tif", "width": "7016", "height": "8920", "filesize": "187782928", "filename": "1965.474_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 141935, "creators": [{"id": 2706, "description": "Washington Allston (American, 1779\u20131843)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1779", "death_year": "1843", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1812, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1817", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:10.356000"}, {"id": 147066, "accession_number": "1972.8", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Bottle, Glass, Fork, 1911\u201312. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil on canvas; framed: 92.4 x 75.9 x 8.3 cm (36 3/8 x 29 7/8 x 3 1/4 in.); unframed: 72 x 52.7 cm (28 3/8 x 20 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1972.8. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "Bottle, Glass, Fork", "creation_date": "1911\u201312", "creation_date_earliest": 1911, "creation_date_latest": 1912, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 92.4 x 75.9 x 8.3 cm (36 3/8 x 29 7/8 x 3 1/4 in.); Unframed: 72 x 52.7 cm (28 3/8 x 20 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.924, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.759, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.72, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.527, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360871, "title": "Modern Masters: Manet to Matisse", "description": "<i>Modern Masters: Manet to Matisse</i>. Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (April 9-May 11, 1975); National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (May 26-June 23, 1975); The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (August 4-September 1, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-04-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442780, "title": "Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (May 22-September 16, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442184, "title": "Pablo Picasso", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso</i>. The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 2-May 29, 1983); Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, Kyoto, Japan (co-organizer) (June 10-July 24, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442168, "title": "Picasso", "description": "<i>Picasso</i>. National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (co-organizer) (July 27-September 23, 1984); Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (October 9-December 2, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-07-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441650, "title": "Picasso und Braque: Die Geburt des Kubismus (Picasso & Braque: Pioneering Cubism)", "description": "<i>Picasso und Braque: Die Geburt des Kubismus (Picasso & Braque: Pioneering Cubism)</i>. Kunstmuseum Basel, Basel, Switzerland (organizer) (February 25-June 18, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-02-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222734, "title": "Picasso and Braque: The Cubist Experiment, 1910-12", "description": "<i>Picasso and Braque: The Cubist Experiment, 1910-12</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (May 29-August 21, 2011); Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (organizer) (September 17, 2011-January 9, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-05-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Jasper Johns Numbers</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 26, 2003-January 1, 2004); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (February 1-April 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kahnweiler, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Carlo Frua de Angeli [1895-1969] Milan, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Beyerler, Basel, Switzerland, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Just before the First World War, Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque invented a radically new kind of painting that dispensed almost completely with visual resemblance to the world, substituting an intellectual method of abstraction that challenged every convention and created a revolutionary conception of space, even a redefinition of reality in art.", "description": "This still life depicts a variety of objects found on a caf\u00e9 table: a bottle, glass, folded newspaper, and utensils. Intricate in its composition and subtle in palette, this painting exemplifies Analytic Cubism, an artistic style devised by Picasso and Georges Braque between 1908\u201312 characterized by the fragmentary appearance of multiple, simultaneous viewpoints and overlapping planes. Maintaining a connection to the real world, Picasso inserted letters and numbers with personal and political meanings. The \u201cfe 20\u201d could refer to the word \u201ccaf\u00e9\u201d and a street address. \u201cEAN\u201d above [P] ARIS may allude to the newspaper <em>L\u2019Intransigeant </em>founded in 1880 in Paris; but ultimately, the meaning of these fragments remains mysterious and known only to the artist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4949030"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 242", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n262"}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Brigitte Le\u0301al, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. <em>Picasso and Things: The Still Lifes of Picasso</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 94-95, no. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Perl, Jed. <em>Art in America, 1945-1970: Writings from the Age of Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, and Minimalism</em>. New York, NY : Library of America, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 113, no. 21", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.8", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147066, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-01-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1911, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1911\u201312", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:44.440000"}, {"id": 136680, "accession_number": "1961.219", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Jerome, c. 1638\u201340. Jusepe de Ribera (Spanish, 1591\u20131652). Oil on canvas; framed: 150 x 121.5 x 9 cm (59 1/16 x 47 13/16 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 129 x 100.3 cm (50 13/16 x 39 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1961.219", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Saint Jerome", "creation_date": "c. 1638\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1638, "creation_date_latest": 1640, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Spanish before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 150 x 121.5 x 9 cm (59 1/16 x 47 13/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 129 x 100.3 cm (50 13/16 x 39 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.5, "height_inch": 59, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.215, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 1.29, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.003, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"Jusepe de Ribera espa[\u00f1ol]. F.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519416, "title": "El Greco to Goya, A Loan Exhibition of Spanish Paintings of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>El Greco to Goya, A Loan Exhibition of Spanish Paintings of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, IN (organizer) (February 10-March 24, 1963); Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI (February 10-March 24, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515799, "title": "700 Years of Spanish Art", "description": "<i>700 Years of Spanish Art</i>. Cummer Museum of Art, Jacksonville, FL (organizer) (October 28-November 30, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309864, "title": "Baroque Imagery", "description": "<i>Baroque Imagery</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 1984-January 6, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-11-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, November 1961: \"Year in Review,\" cat., bull., (November 1961), p. 250 no. 68, repr. p. 218.", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "John Herron Art Museum, Indianapolis, Indiana, February 10\u2013March 24, 1963: \"El Greco to Goya: A Loan Exhibition of Spanish Painting of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,\" cat. no. 68, pl. 68 (catalogue by David Carter); Rhode Island School of Design, Providence RI April 15\u2013May 26, 1963.", "opening_date": "1963-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Jacksonville, Florida, Cummer Gallery of Art, 1965: \" 700 Years of Spanish Art,\" cat. no. 31, illus. (October\u2013November 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, October 29, 1971- January 2 1972: \"Carravaggio and His Followers,\" cat. no. 57 (revised 1975), repr. p. 155.", "opening_date": "1972-01-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Worth, Texas, The Kimbell Art Museum, 1982\u201383: \"The Tangible World of the Spirit: The Paintings of Jusepe de Ribers,\" repr. p. 128, no. 29, p. 199.", "opening_date": "1982-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, November 6, 1984\u2013January 6, 1985: \"Baroque Imagery,\" cat. # 6, pp. 23\u201324, repr. p. 24.", "opening_date": "1984-11-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(F. Kleinberger & Co., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u20131961", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Alessandro Morandotti, Zurich, sold to F. Kleinberger in 1960)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->In Richard Spear\u2019s <em>Caravaggio and his Followers, </em>as well as in the museum\u2019s files, the owner of the painting prior to F. Kleinberger was cited as a private collector in Italy.&nbsp; The Kleinberger stock card for this painting reveals that the gallery purchased the painting from \u201cMorandotti,\u201d presumably Alessandro Morandotti, a dealer based in Zurich.&nbsp; A letter from Harry G. Sperling, the president of F. Kleinberger, to former CMA curator Henry S. Francis suggests that Morandotti sold the painting to Kleinberger on behalf of this unnamed private collector: \u201cThe Ribera was purchased by me officially in Zurich, Switzerland.&nbsp; I had seen it for the first time in Italy and agreed to buy it if it was offered to me in Zurich\u2026The painting came directly from private hands, where supposedly it was in the family for generations. I was not given the name of the family.\u201d&nbsp; When Morandotti died in 1979, his archives were dismantled. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1960", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection, Italy, probably consigned to Alessandro Morandotti1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Harry G. Sperling, the president of F. Kleinberger, &amp; Co., the painting had been in an unknown private collection in Italy for generations.</div>"], "date": "Until c. 1960?", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ribera signed the painting on the spine of the book in which Jerome will write.", "description": "Saint Jerome (about ad 347\u2013420) translated biblical texts into Latin. Although he sometimes appears as a scholar in his study, Ribera represents him here as a penitent who withdrew to the desert, beating his chest with a stone to emulate Christ\u2019s suffering and contemplating a skull symbolizing human vanity. Working in Naples, Ribera enthusiastically adapted Caravaggio\u2019s characteristic use of light and dark and naturalistic models.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465928"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.219-saint-jerome"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Stock cards, 1897-1973, and clipping file, F. Kleinberger, &amp; Co., European Paintings, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard E. <em>Caravaggio and His Followers</em>. New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1975.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Harry G. Sperling, letter to Henry S. Francis, Oct. 6, 1961, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 198", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stock cards, 1897-1973, and clipping file, F. Kleinberger, &amp; Co., European Paintings, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n155"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cJusepe de Ribera: The Death of Adonis.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 9 (November 1966): 339\u2013347.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 339-340, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152120"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n155"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n171"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 504-506; Reproduced: p. 505", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spinosa, Nicola, and Jusepe de Ribera. <em>Ribera</em>. Napoli: Electa Napoli, 2003.", "page_number": "cat. A265, p. 164.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Port\u00fas P\u00e9rez, Javier. <em>Ribera</em>. Barcelona: Pol\u00edgrafa, 2011.", "page_number": "Fig. 28, p. 44.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ximo Company and Mari\u0301a Antonia Argelich, <em>Jose\u0301 de Ribera, San Jero\u0301nimo estudiando</em>. Lleida: Centre d'Art d'E\u0300poca Moderna, Universitat de Lleida, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25, fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marshall, Christopher R. <em>Baroque Naples and the Industry of Painting: The World in the Workbench</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 56, fig. 41", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.219", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "893", "filesize": "339844", "filename": "1961.219_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_print.jpg", "width": "2640", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4996100", "filename": "1961.219_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_full.tif", "width": "4270", "height": "5500", "filesize": "70486056", "filename": "1961.219_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "731", "height": "893", "filesize": "84426"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2784", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1751931"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5244", "height": "6404", "filesize": "100771656"}, "date_created": "2013-07-24T08:10:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "87806"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2829", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1098453"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5467", "height": "6570", "filesize": "143703804"}, "date_created": "2013-07-24T09:04:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "730", "height": "893", "filesize": "67022"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2780", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1086899"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.219/1961.219_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5197", "height": "6355", "filesize": "99104852"}, "date_created": "2013-07-23T15:51:45", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 136680, "creators": [{"id": 2403, "description": "Jusepe de Ribera (Spanish, 1591\u20131652)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1591", "death_year": "1652", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-10-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1638, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1638\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:58:42.981000"}, {"id": 136217, "accession_number": "1960.117", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Christ and the Virgin in the House at Nazareth, c. 1640. Francisco de Zurbar\u00e1n (Spanish, 1598\u20131664). Oil on canvas; framed: 201 x 256 x 10 cm (79 1/8 x 100 13/16 x 3 15/16 in.); unframed: 165 x 218.2 cm (64 15/16 x 85 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1960.117", "current_location": null, "title": "Christ and the Virgin in the House at Nazareth", "creation_date": "c. 1640", "creation_date_earliest": 1635, "creation_date_latest": 1645, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Spanish before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 201 x 256 x 10 cm (79 1/8 x 100 13/16 x 3 15/16 in.); Unframed: 165 x 218.2 cm (64 15/16 x 85 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.01, "height_inch": 79, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 2.56, "width_inch": 100, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.1, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.65, "height_inch": 64, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 2.182, "width_inch": 85, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219705, "title": "Genie et folie en Occident: Une histoire de la m\u00e9lancolie", "description": "<i>Genie et folie en Occident: Une histoire de la m\u00e9lancolie</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (September 22, 2005-January 2, 2006); Neue Nationalgalerie (February 17-May 7, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 684895, "title": "Zurbar\u00e1n", "description": "<i>Zurbar\u00e1n</i>. National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (May 2-August 23, 2026) https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/exhibitions/zurbaran; Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (October 7, 2026-January 25, 2027); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (February 28-June 20, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-05-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably the Count of Walterstorff [1755-1820]1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 The Count of Walterstorff was the Minister of Denmark to the French court.&nbsp; The 1987 Zurbar\u00e1n catalogue raisonn\u00e9 by Jeannine Baticle notes that \u201cit is not unlikely\u201d that the Cleveland picture is the one that appears in the Walterstorff sale due to the matching dimensions and description.&nbsp; However, the circumstances of his acquisition of the painting are unknown.</div>"], "date": "Until 1920", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Probably Walterstorff sale, Laneuville, Paris, March 26-27, 1821, no. 65, sold to Laneuville)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The Zurbar\u00e1n likely failed to sell and was effectively bought in by Jean-Louis Laneuville, a painter who also held auctions and compiled sale catalogues, including this one.&nbsp; This scenario is more likely than that which proposes that the painting was purchased by collector Ferdinand Laneuville, whose posthumous sale in 1866 at H\u00f4tel Drouot included no works by Zurbar\u00e1n.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1821", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Various private collections in France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "After 1821-1960", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Fran\u00e7ois Heim, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1960", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1960-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Zurbar\u00e1n, also a still-life painter, tilts the tabletop to emphasize the symbolic books and fruit.", "description": "Stories of Christ\u2019s childhood and adolescence became increasingly popular during the Counter-Reformation because they were easily understood by a broad public. Rather than taking a story from the Bible, Zurbar\u00e1n appears to have invented this subject, in which Jesus pricks himself on a crown of thorns he is weaving, foretelling his later torment at the Crucifixion. Despite the grand scale and monumental figures, the work has remarkable intimacy and quietness, emphasizing such details as the Virgin\u2019s tears.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5966034"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.117-christ-and-the-virgi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutchler. \"Two Devotional Paintings by Sassoferrato and Carlo Dolci.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LV (1968): 224-227.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 227, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delenda, Odile, and Almudena Ros de Barbero.<em>  Francisco de Zurbar\u00e1n 1598-1664. </em> Madrid: Fundaci\u00f3n Arte Hisp\u00e1nico, 2009.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: The Frick Collection, 2006", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Baticle, Jeannine.  <em>Zurbar\u00e1n.  </em>New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "G\u00e1llego, Juli\u00e1n, and Jos\u00e9 Gudiol.  <em>Zurbar\u00e1n, 1598-1664.  </em>New York: Rizzoli, 1977.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Delenda, Odile, and Almudena Ros de Barbero.<em>  Francisco de Zurbar\u00e1n 1598-1664. </em> Madrid: Fundaci\u00f3n Arte Hisp\u00e1nico, 2009", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: The Frick Collection, 2006", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fran\u00e7ois Heim, letter to Henry S. Francis, July 5, 1960, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "M. Laneuville, M. Moreau, M. Lacoste, and Coquille. <em>Tableaux du meilleur choix</em>. 1821.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fran\u00e7ois Heim, letter to Henry S. Francis, July 5, 1960, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Valdivieso, Enrique. Bodegones, floreros y trampantojos en la pintura barroca sevillana. Valencina de la Concepcio\u0301n (Sevilla) : Renacimiento, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 61-69, fig. 76, 83, and 92.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guinard, Paul. <em>Zurbara\u0301n et les peintres espagnols de la vie monastique</em>. Paris, France: E\u0301ditions du Temps, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139; Reproduced: p. 217, fig. 29-30, fig. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d August 12, 1960, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0594"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d November 2, 1960, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0637"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Francisco de Zubaran: The House of Nazareth.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> XLIII (1961) 46-50.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vaughn, Malcom. \"The Connoisseur in America: Cleveland's Zubaran.\" <em>Connoisseur</em> CXLVIII (1961): 76-77.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cArt News Press Release,\u201d January 23, 1961, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0683/"}, {"citation": "Jaffe. Michael. \"Cleveland Museum of Art: The Figurative Arts of the West ca. 1400-1800.\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em>, LXXVIII (December, 1963): 467.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 457, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposicio\u0301n Zurbara\u0301n en el III centenario de su muerte</em>. Madrid, Spain: Ministerio de Educacio\u0301n Nacional, Direccio\u0306n General de Bellas Artes, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gomez-Moreno, Carmen. <em>Spanish Painting: The Golden Century</em>, New York, New York, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10, no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n154"}, {"citation": "Causa, Raffaello. <em>Zurbara\u0301n</em>. Milano, Italy: Fratelli Fabbri Editori, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 181", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guinard, Paul. <em>Les Peintrees espagnols</em>. Paris, France: Le Livre de poche, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valiz, Zahir. \"A Painter's Technique: Zubaran's The Holy House of Nazareth.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LXVIII, no. 10 (October, 1981): 271-283.", "page_number": "Reproduced: on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n154"}, {"citation": "Frati, Tiziana. <em>L'opera completa di Zurbara\u0301n</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 90-91, vol. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Jonathan. <em>Francisco De Zurbara\u0301n</em>. New York, New York: H.N. Abrams, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24; Reproduced: p. 80, pl. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ga\u0301llego, Julia\u0301n, and Jose\u0301 Gudiol. <em>Zurbara\u0301n, 1598-1664</em>. New York, New York: Rizzoli, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97, no. 247, figs. 257, 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n170"}, {"citation": "Thuillier, Jacques, Antoine Le Nain, Louis Le Nain, and Mathieu Le Nain. <em>Les fre\u0300res Le Nain: [exposition organise\u0301e par la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux], Grand Palais, 3 octobre 1978-8 janvier 1979 : [catalogue re\u0301dige\u0301 par Jacques Thuillier]</em>. Paris, France: Ministe\u0300re de la culture et de la communication, E\u0301ditions de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 281", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Trafalgar Galleries at the Royal Academy, II: [Catalogue]</em>. London, United Kingdom: Trafalgar Galleries, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64; Reproduced: p. 67, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hindley, Geoffrey. <em>World Art Treasures</em>. New York, New York: Mayflower Books, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fromme, Babbette Brandt. <em>Curators' Choice: An Introduction to the Art Museums of the U.S</em>. New York, New York: Crown Publishers, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 514; Mentioned: p. 515-516", "url": null}, {"citation": "Veca, Alberto. <em>Simposio: cerimonie e apparati : [mostra]</em>. Bergamo, Italy: Galleria Lorenzelli, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 157; Reproduced: p. 156,fig. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baticle, Jeannine. <em>Zurbara\u0301n</em>. New York, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 258-262; Reproduced: p. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Decoin, Didier, and Marie-He\u0301le\u0300ne About. <em>L'enfant de Nazareth</em>. Paris, France: Nouvelle cite\u0301, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mu\u0308hlberger, Richard. <em>The Bible in Art: The New Testament</em>. New York, New York: Portland House, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, John. <em>Keeping a Rendezvous</em>. New York, New York: Pantheon Books, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170-171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Jonathan. <em>Francisco De Zurbara\u0301n</em>. New York, New York: H.N. Abrams, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65, pl. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Takahashi, Tatsushi. <em>Barokku no miryoku</em>. Kyo\u0304to, Japan: Do\u0304ho\u0304sha Shuppan, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Brigitte Le\u0301al, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. <em>Picasso and Things: The Still Lifes of Picasso.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 12-13, fig. 1; P. 62, fig. 11a", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boone, Danie\u0300le. <em>L'Age d'or espagnol</em>. Neucha\u0302tel, Switzerland: Ides et Calendes, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Caturla, Mari\u0301a Luisa, and Odile Delenda. <em>Francisco de Zurbara\u0301n</em>. Paris, France: Wildenstein Institute, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grimm, Claus. <em>Stilleben: die italienischen, spanischen und franzo\u0308sischen Meister</em>. Stuttgart, Germany: Belser, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35,46 detail: p. 234, no. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trinidad de, Antonio. <em>Zurbara\u0301n al Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya</em>. Barcelona, Spain: El Museu, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Navarrete Prieto, Benito. <em>La pintura andaluza del siglo XVII y sus fuentes grabadas</em>. Madrid, Spain: Fundacio\u0301n de Apoyo a la Historia del Arte Hispa\u0301nico, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101-103: Reproduced: p. 248, fig. 518", "url": null}, {"citation": "Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (Mexico), Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes (Mexico), Museo de San Carlos, and Saber Ver. <em>Zurbara\u0301n</em>. Me\u0301xico: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover, p. 2-3, 30-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Minor, Vernon Hyde. <em>Baroque &amp; Rococo: Art &amp; Culture</em>. New York, New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 365, no. 10.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kemp, Martin. <em>The Oxford History of Western Art</em>. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced:. p. 234, no. 332", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heitz, Franc\u0327oise, and Annick Johnson. <em>Les figures du Christ dans l'art, l'histoire et la litte\u0301rature: colloque Universite\u0301 d'Artois, 3 et 4 mars 2000</em>. Paris, France: L'Harmattan, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192-193, pl. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Ann Sutherland. <em>Seventeenth-Century Art &amp; Architecture</em>. London, United Kingdom: Laurence King, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 213, fig. 3.19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klibansky, Raymond, and Jean Clair. <em>Me\u0301lancolie, ge\u0301nie et folie en occident: en hommage a\u0300 Raymond Klibansky, 1905-2005 : Galeries nationales du grand palais, Paris, 10 octobre 2005-16 janvier 2006 ; Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, 17 fe\u0301vrier-7 mai 2006</em>. Paris, France: Gallimard, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250, no. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, New York: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250, no. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Black, Charlene Villasen\u0303or. <em>Creating the Cult of St. Joseph: Art and Gender in the Spanish Empire</em>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p, 105, fig. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>30,000 Years of Art: The Story of Human Creativity Across Time and Space</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 777", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arikha, Avigdor. <em>El Museo del Prado y el arte contempora\u0301neo: la influencia de los grandes maestros del pasado en el arte de vanguardia</em>. Madrid, Spain: Fundacio\u0301n Amigos del Museo del Prado, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. IX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quignard, Pascal. <em>La nuit sexuelle</em>. Paris, France: Flammarion, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 183-87; Reproduced: p. 246", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Old Masters Visit Beachwood\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 03, March 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-03/page/2"}, {"citation": "Alcolea, Santiago, and Francisco de Zurbara\u0301n. <em>Zurbara\u0301n</em>. Barcelona, Spain: Poli\u0301grafa, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66, fig. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Senzoku, Nobuyuki. <em>Sugu wakaru seiyo\u0304 kaiga yomitoki 66 no ki\u0304wa\u0304do</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Bijutsu, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delenda, Odile, Francisco de Zurbara\u0301n, and Almudena Ros de Barbero. <em>Francisco de Zurbara\u0301n, 1598-1664: cata\u0301logo razonado y cri\u0301tico</em>. Madrid, Spain: Fundacio\u0301n Arte Hispa\u0301nico, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 546-548, pl. 14-15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garci\u0301a Sanz, Ana. <em>El Nin\u0303o Jesu\u0301s en el Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales de Madrid</em>. Madrid, Spain: Patrimonio Nacional, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 312, fig. 225", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nooteboom, Cees. <em>Zurbara\u0301n: Selected Paintings 1625-1664</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Schirmer/Mosel, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13,, 14; Mentioned: p. 102-103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tapie\u0301, Alain, and Re\u0301gis Cotentin. <em>Portraits de la pense\u0301e</em>. Lille, France: Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30-31, 34-35; Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>Director's Choice: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 36-37", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 194-195", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>La couronne d'\u00e9pines: Cath\u00e9drale Notre-Dame de Paris.</em> Paris: Association Maurice du Sully, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quignard, Pascal, and Chris Turner, trans.. <em>The Sexual Night.</em> Calcutta: Seagull Books, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 185", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wismer, Beat, Odile Delenda and Mar\u00eda del Mar Borobia Guerrero. <em>Zurbar\u00e1n</em>. Dusseldorf; Munchen: Museum Kunstpalais, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  p. 206-207, fig. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giraudo, Lucien. <em>105 oeuvres d\u00e9cisives de la peinture occidentale montr\u00e9es par Michel Butor.</em> Paris Flammarion, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104; Mentioned p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rogl\u00e1n, Mark A. <em>Spanish Art in America</em>. [Madrid, Spain]: Ediciones El Viso 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art: April through June 2016</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "p. 27-28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory. \u201cFour Figures on a Step: A masterwork by Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo on loan from the Kimball Art Museum.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 3 (May/June 2016): 20-21.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21; Mentioned: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-03"}, {"citation": "Camplin, Jamie,and Maria Ranauro. <em>The Art of Reading: An Illustrated History of Books in Paint. </em>Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced 7 Mentioned: p. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hall-Van den Elsen, Catherine. <em>Luisa Rold\u00e1n.</em> London: Lund Humphries, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30-31, fig. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Svenningsen, Jesper. Samlingssteder: udenlandsk billedkunst i danske samlermilj\u00f8er 1690-1840. [Aarhus] : Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 191-193, fig. 70", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bonfait, Olivier. <em>L'art du XVIIe Sie\u0300cle</em>. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 322-323, fig. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hall-Van den Elsen, Catherine, and Luisa Ignacia Rold\u00e1n. <em>Luisa Rold\u00e1n, Escultora : Fuerza E Intimismo</em>. Segunda edici\u00f3n revisada. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 31-32, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ripoll\u00e9s, Carmen. <em>Josefa de \u00d3bidos</em>. London: Lund Humphries, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 20-22, fig. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Verdon, Timothy. <em>Reading Christian Art and Architecture: Scriptural, Theological, Liturgical, Devotional and Cultural Background. </em>Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 42-44, fig. 1-20", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.117", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.117/1960.117_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "668", "filesize": "177911", "filename": "1960.117_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.117/1960.117_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2524", "filesize": "1895552", "filename": "1960.117_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.117/1960.117_full.tif", "width": "11417", "height": "8474", "filesize": "290273048", "filename": "1960.117_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.117/1960.117_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1201", "height": "893", "filesize": "653482"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.117/1960.117_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2529", "filesize": "5585421"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.117/1960.117_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6600", "height": "4911", "filesize": "97265636"}, "date_created": "2007-02-13T20:48:55", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136217, "creators": [{"id": 5148, "description": "Francisco de Zurbar\u00e1n (Spanish, 1598\u20131664)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1598", "death_year": "1664", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-06-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1635, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1640", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Holy House of Nazareth"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-05 11:14:54.378000"}, {"id": 135420, "accession_number": "1958.42", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Morning Glory with Black, 1926. Georgia O'Keeffe (American, 1887\u20131986). Oil on canvas; framed: 96.5 x 81.3 x 5.4 cm (38 x 32 x 2 1/8 in.); unframed: 91 x 75.5 cm (35 13/16 x 29 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.42", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "Morning Glory with Black", "creation_date": "1926", "creation_date_earliest": 1926, "creation_date_latest": 1926, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 96.5 x 81.3 x 5.4 cm (38 x 32 x 2 1/8 in.); Unframed: 91 x 75.5 cm (35 13/16 x 29 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.965, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.813, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.054, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.91, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.755, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Verso:  \"G OKeeffe -- 1926\" (white paint)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 318718, "title": "January Show", "description": "<i>January Show</i>. Kingwood Center Gardens, Mansfield, OH (organizer) (January 11-31, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 703004, "title": "1959 January Show", "description": "<i>1959 January Show</i>. Kingwood Center Gardens, Mansfield, OH (organizer) (January 11-31, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318721, "title": "The Precisionist View in American Art", "description": "<i>The Precisionist View in American Art</i>. Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (November 13-December 25, 1960); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (January 24-February 28, 1961); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (March 21-April 23, 1961); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (May 17-June 18, 1961); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (July 2-August 6, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 315762, "title": "Four Centuries of American Art", "description": "<i>Four Centuries of American Art</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Arts, MN (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318730, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: An Exhibition of the work of the artist from 1915-1966", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: An Exhibition of the work of the artist from 1915-1966</i>. Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (March 17-May 8, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-03-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 318738, "title": "First Indian Triennale of World Art", "description": "<i>First Indian Triennale of World Art</i>. Indian National Academy of Art, New Delhi, India (organizer) (February 10-March 30, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301294, "title": "Works from the Contemporary Collection", "description": "<i>Works from the Contemporary Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 1-October 15, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 319852, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe Retrospective Exhibition</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 8-November 29, 1970); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (January 6-February 7, 1971); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (March 15-April 30, 1971).", "opening_date": "1970-10-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310024, "title": "The Georgia O'Keeffe Gift", "description": "<i>The Georgia O'Keeffe Gift</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 4-November 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310243, "title": "The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art", "description": "<i>The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 24-April 9, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 213897, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: The Poetry of Things", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: The Poetry of Things</i>. The Phillips Collection (organizer) (April 24-July 18, 1999); Georgia O'Keeffe Museum (August 14-October 10, 1999); The Dallas Museum of Art (October 30, 1999-January 30, 2000); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor (February 19-May 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-04-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177143, "title": "Modern Art in America: Alfred Stieglitz and His New York Galleries", "description": "<i>Modern Art in America: Alfred Stieglitz and His New York Galleries</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (January 28-April 22, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-01-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227084, "title": "Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (organizer) (October 5-December 31, 2001); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (January 17-March 31, 2002); Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (April 10-June 25, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224250, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe and the Women of the Stieglitz Circle", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe and the Women of the Stieglitz Circle</i>. High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (organizer) (February 9-May 4, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218458, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: Abstraction", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: Abstraction</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 17, 2009-January 17, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 317416, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: Living Modern", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: Living Modern</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 21, 2018-March 3, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 176944, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: Living Modern", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: Living Modern</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 21, 2018-March 3, 2019); Wichita Art Museum, Wichita, KS (March 29-June 23, 2019); Nevada Museum of Art, Reno, NV (July 18-October 20, 2019); Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, FL (November 21, 2019-February 9, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-03-29T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe Paintings. </em>The Intimate Gallery, New York (January 11-February 27, 1927).", "opening_date": "1927-01-11T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Speed Memorial Museum. Louisville, KY (February 13-March 5, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-02-13T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Georgia O\u2019Keeffe. </em>Museum of Modern Art, New York (May 14-August 25, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-05-14T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Contemporary Painting in the United States: A Special Exhibition. </em>The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, NY (April 19-April 27, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-04-19T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The morning glory rests against a black petunia, seen partially at lower right.", "description": "O'Keeffe is best known for close-up flower subjects whose magnified forms fill the entire space of each canvas. Likely inspired by similar compositions in modern photography, these images are not only celebrations of nature, but also striking essays in abstract design. Although many critics interpreted O'Keeffe's flower paintings as reflections of femininity in general and female sexuality in particular, the artist strongly opposed such readings. Throughout most of her career, she frequently attempted to persuade others to discuss her work without referring to her gender, writing on one occasion, \"I have always been very annoyed at being referred to as a 'woman artist' rather than an 'artist.'\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465130"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Messinger, Lisa Mintz. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. New York: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74; Reproduced: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "O'Keeffe, Georgia, Alfred Stieglitz, and Sarah Greenough. <em>My Faraway One: Selected Letters of Georgia O'Keeffe and Alfred Stieglitz.</em> New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 539, n. 219.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Exhibition: Georgia O'Keeffe,\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 58, no. 6 (November/December 2018).", "page_number": "Reproduced cover (detail).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art. <em>Contemporary Painting in the United States: A Special Exhibition April 19 Through April 27</em>. New York: The Museum Press, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>In Memoriam Leonard C. Hanna, Jr</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned, unpaginated [p.2]; reproduced, fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Friedman, Martin. <em>The Precisionist View in American Art: November 13 Through December 25, 1960: An Exhibition</em>. Minneapolis, MN: Walker Art Center, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilder, Mitchell. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: An Exhibition of the Work of the Artist from 1915 to 1966</em>. Fort Worth: Amon Carter Museum of Western Art,1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd, and Doris Bry. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. New York, NY: Published for the Whitney Museum of American Art by Praeger, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18-19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoffman, Katherine. <em>An Enduring Spirit: The Art of Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 103; Reproduced: fig. Q", "url": null}, {"citation": "Castro, Jan Garden. <em>The Art &amp; Life of Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Art Museum Gets O'Keeffe Paintings.\" <em>The Cleveland Plain Dealer</em>, April 22, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5C", "url": null}, {"citation": "Callaway, Nicholas. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: One Hundred Flowers</em>. New York: Knopf in association with Callaway Editions, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40, 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Culllinan, Helen. \"Georgia On Our Minds; O'Keeffe Legacy: 5 Glowing New Oils at Museum.\" <em>The Cleveland Plain Dealer, </em>September 5, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": null}, {"citation": "Callaway, Nicholas. \"Ostentatious Perfectionism.\" Interview by Ingrid Sischy. <em>Artforum International </em>26, no. 5 (January 1988).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bry, Doris, Nicholas Callaway, and Bram Dijkstra. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: The New York Years</em>. New York: A.A. Knopf in association with Callaway, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montgomery, Elizabeth Miles. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. New York: Barnes &amp; Noble Books, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": null}, {"citation": "Welton, Jude. <em>Looking at Paintings</em>. London: Dorling Kindersley, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelfrey, Robert H. <em>Art and Mass Media</em>. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 311; Reproduced: p. 312", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tsutsumi, Tomoko, and Y\u014dko Yano. <em>Seiy\u014d kaiga no naka no hana</em>. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hutton Turner, Elizabeth, and Marjorie P. Balge-Crozier. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: The Poetry of Things</em>. Washington, DC: Phillips Collection, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150; Reproduced: p. 85, pl. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynes, Barbara Buhler. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9</em>, 2 vols. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced: p. 320", "url": null}, {"citation": "Greenough, Sarah. <em>Modern Art and America: Alfred Stieglitz and His New York Galleries</em>. Washington, D.C.; Boston, MA: National Gallery of Art; Bulfinch Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 535; Reproduced: p. 311, pl. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "de Chassey, Eric. <em>Made in USA: l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1947. </em>Paris: R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"L\u2019art Am\u00e9ricain d\u00e9barqu.\" <em>Le Magazine: Arts &amp; Spectacles, </em>no. 328 (January 2002).", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Souter, Janet. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. New York: Parkstone Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119, no. 68; p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Haskell, Barbara and Sasha Nicholas. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: Abstraction</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bernard, Sophie. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe et ses amis photographes.</em> Paris: Somogy; Grenoble: Mus\u00e9e de Grenoble, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52; Reproduced: p. 53, fig. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corn, Wanda M., <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: Living Modern</em>. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Museum; DelMonico Books/Prestel, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 75, Reproduced: fig. 64, p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"New in the Galleries.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 5 (September/October 2017): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-05/page/n13/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.42", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.42/1958.42_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "900", "filesize": "141963", "filename": "1958.42_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.42/1958.42_print.jpg", "width": "2829", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2335959", "filename": "1958.42_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.42/1958.42_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7210", "filesize": "129811784", "filename": "1958.42_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.42/1958.42_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "703", "height": "900", "filesize": "125322"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.42/1958.42_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2656", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1585698"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.42/1958.42_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7682", "filesize": "138313048"}, "date_created": "2017-03-27T11:17:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.42/1958.42_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "893", "filesize": "330136"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.42/1958.42_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2810", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5767428"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.42/1958.42_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4959", "height": "6000", "filesize": "89293372"}, "date_created": "2007-06-07T17:56:30", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. Robert B. Benyo Trust Gallery", "athena_id": 135420, "creators": [{"id": 3228, "description": "Georgia O'Keeffe (American, 1887\u20131986)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1887", "death_year": "1986", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1926, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1926", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Morning Glory with Black, No. 3 (White Flower)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:55:08.363000"}, {"id": 130939, "accession_number": "1953.628", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Amulet in the Form of a Seated Figure with Bovine Head (\u725b\u9996\u7389\u4eba), c. 4700\u20132920 BCE. Northeast China, Neolithic period, probably Hongshan culture (4700\u20132920 BCE). Jade (nephrite); 14.6 x 6 x 4.1 cm (5 3/4 x 2 3/8 x 1 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Severance A. Millikin, 1953.628", "current_location": "241A Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Amulet in the Form of a Seated Figure with Bovine Head", "title_in_original_language": "\u725b\u9996\u7389\u4eba", "creation_date": "c. 4700\u20132920 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -4710, "creation_date_latest": -2910, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northeast China, Neolithic period, probably Hongshan culture (4700\u20132920 BCE)"], "technique": "jade (nephrite)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Neolithic", "type": "Jade", "measurements": "14.6 x 6 x 4.1 cm (5 3/4 x 2 3/8 x 1 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.132, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.146, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.06, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.041, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "There are two paper labels on the back of the jade pendant: one partial label with Chinese characters and one with the typed number \"150\".", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301168, "title": "Primitive to Contemporary Sculpture", "description": "<i>Primitive to Contemporary Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 6-October 31, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-09-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 377522, "title": "Chinese Jade", "description": "<i>Chinese Jade</i>. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (November 30, 1962-February 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311620, "title": "Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 18-December 31, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-10-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "John L. Severance [1863\u20131936], Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Severance A. Millikin [1895\u20131985], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131953", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "CMA daringly acquired this masterpiece without knowing exactly what it was. Only after Chinese archaeologists started excavating similar jades in Northeast China could it be attributed to the Hongshan culture.", "description": "With a bovine head and four horns, this seated figurine was a powerful ritual and shamanic symbol. Drill holes above its shoulders form two interconnected perforations for suspension, suggesting that the jade was originally used as a pendant, presumably by the shaman performing the tasks of journeying to and communicating with the supernatural realms.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.628-amulet-in-the-form-o"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Schamenendarstellungen,\" <em>Asia Major</em> 1, 1 (1944): p. 62.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cMore Early Chinese Jades.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 41, no. 10, 1954, pp. 215\u2013217.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 215-217; Reproduced: fig. 1 (line drawing)", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141999"}, {"citation": "Consten, Eleanor von Erdberg. <em>Das Alte China</em>. Stuttgart: G. Kilpper, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 78, 244; Reproduced: pl. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Chinese Jad</em>e. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania [Museum], 1962.", "page_number": "no. 150", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmony, Alfred. <em>Chinese Jade; Through the Wei Dynasty</em>. New York: Ronald Press, 1963.", "page_number": "pp. 218\u2013219, 227, pl. 35:4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch\u00eang T\u00ea-K'un. \u201cSome Standing Jade Figurines of the Shang-Chou Period.\u201d <em>Artibus Asiae</em>, vol. 28, no. 1, 1966, pp. 39\u201352.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 48\u201349; Reproduced: fig. 10", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/3249315"}, {"citation": "Hansford, S. Howard.<em> Chinese Carved Jades</em>. London: Faber, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 83\u201385, pl. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Froncek, Thomas, and Hugh Honour. <em>The Horizon Book of the Arts of China</em>. New York: American Heritage Pub. Co, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Erickson, Ernest, Jan Wirgin, and Ulf Abel. <em>The Ernest Erickson collection in Swedish museums</em>. Stockholm: Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, 1989.", "page_number": "pp. 10\u201311", "url": null}, {"citation": "Forsyth, Angus. \"Five Chinese Jade Figures: Study of the Development of Sculptural Form in Hongshan Neolithic Jade Working.\" <em>Orientations, </em>21, 5 (1990), pp. 54\u201363.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60, figs. 8-8b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith, and Anne E. Wardwell. \"New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>81, no. 8 (1994): 270\u2013347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 275; Mentioned: pp. 275, 277, 346", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161465"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 22\u201323", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"A Connoisseur's Eye, A Scholar's Mind: The Legacy of Sherman Lee.\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 40, no. 5 (2009).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 12\u201313", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.628", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "893", "filesize": "226945", "filename": "1953.628_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_print.jpg", "width": "2302", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3300878", "filename": "1953.628_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_full.tif", "width": "3696", "height": "5459", "filesize": "60558924", "filename": "1953.628_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "822", "height": "900", "filesize": "227020"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3106", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1692724"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4800", "height": "5254", "filesize": "75683604"}, "date_created": "2009-09-30T17:21:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "700", "filesize": "156125"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2646", "filesize": "986773"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5644", "height": "4392", "filesize": "74389616"}, "date_created": "2009-09-30T17:38:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "788", "height": "893", "filesize": "491861"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3001", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6557550"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4374", "height": "4956", "filesize": "65067844"}, "date_created": "2009-09-30T18:18:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "577", "height": "893", "filesize": "192254"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2195", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2924649"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3356", "height": "5198", "filesize": "52362512"}, "date_created": "2009-04-03T14:21:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "893", "filesize": "212384"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2303", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3210635"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3456", "height": "5103", "filesize": "52937476"}, "date_created": "2009-04-02T19:33:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "658", "height": "893", "filesize": "254046"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2507", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3732921"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.628/1953.628_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3491", "height": "4735", "filesize": "49619628"}, "date_created": "2009-04-02T18:58:45", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Severance A. Millikin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130939, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-12-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -4710, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 4700\u20132920 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bovine Monster", "Jade Amulet in the Form of a Seated Figure with Bovine Head", "Pendant", "Pendant in the Shape of a Seated Figure with Bovine Head"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:46:16.125000"}, {"id": 144495, "accession_number": "1969.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Buffalo Mask, early to mid-1900s. Africa, West Africa, Burkina Faso, possibly Bwa-style maker. Wood, plant fibers, paint, and iron; overall: 69.8 cm (27 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katherine C. White, 1969.2", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Buffalo Mask", "creation_date": "early to mid-1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1970, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Burkina Faso, possibly Bwa-style maker"], "technique": "Wood, plant fibers, paint, and iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Mask", "measurements": "Overall: 69.8 cm (27 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.698, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1968: African Tribal Images: The Katherine White Reswick Collection, cat. no. 31, repr.", "opening_date": "1968-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1970: \"Year in Review 1969,\" CMA Bulletin LVII (Jan., 1970), p. 47, no. 128, repr. p. 41.", "opening_date": "1970-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1981: A Cleveland Bestiary, October 14-December 9, 1981, cat. no. 11, repr. p, 17.", "opening_date": "1981-10-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Katherine C. White [1929-1980], Gates Mills, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Exhibited at CMA in 1968, <em>African Tribal Images: The Katherine White Reswick Collection</em>; published as fig. 31</div>"], "date": "at least 1968\u20131969", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->CMA Bulletin January 1970, figure 128.</div>"], "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["933.68"], "did_you_know": "Once broken, the right horn of this mask was repaired; this indicates that it was valued.", "description": "Among the Bwa people, masks with human, animal, and fantastic traits typically represent protective bush spirits. This mask\u2019s horns and muzzle identify it as a bush buffalo. Masked dancers appear during the dry season for initiations, funerals of elders, market days, harvest celebrations, and annual renewal rituals to protect the well-being of the community.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.2-buffalo-mask"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fagg, William. <em>African Tribal Images: the Katherine White Reswick Collection</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1969.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 1 (January 1970): 2\u201350.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 41, fig. 128; mentioned:  p. 147", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152307"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 411", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n431"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16, p. 60; Reproduced: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henry John Drewal. <em>African Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection : the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989.", "page_number": "fig. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 153", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Connell, Timothy C., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. <em>World Art Transparencies</em>. Cincinnati: West Educational Pub, 1998.", "page_number": "Acetate 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  pp.67-8. no. 70; listed: p. 118.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M., \"A New Face for African Art\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 42 no. 04, April 2002", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2002-04/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 5, p. 40 - 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 43 no. 09, November 2003", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-09"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A New Installation for African Art in Cleveland.\" <em>Tribal: the Magaine of Tribal Art</em>. 9 (3) no. 36 (Autumn-Winter 2004): 68-73.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art; London, Scala Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 288-9.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Basquiat, Jean-Michel, Sam Keller, and Iris Hasler. Basquiat: The Modena Paintings.Berlin : Hatje Cantz ; Riehen/Basel : Fondation Beyeler, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 35, fig. 2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "900", "filesize": "117240", "filename": "1969.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "966765", "filename": "1969.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "151023476", "filename": "1969.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "273113"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3768208"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75529648"}, "date_created": "2009-11-03T15:23:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "259287"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3676604"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75528060"}, "date_created": "2009-11-03T15:24:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "646", "height": "893", "filesize": "278307"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2461", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4080017"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "5658", "filesize": "69556112"}, "date_created": "2009-11-03T15:35:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "604", "height": "893", "filesize": "285889"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2321", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3496226"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.2/1969.2_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3413", "height": "5000", "filesize": "51210696"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Katherine C. 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Glazed earthenware, sancai (three-color) ware; overall: 92.3 x 43.8 x 41.9 cm (36 5/16 x 17 1/4 x 16 1/2 in.). 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Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 79, p. 74\u201375; Mentioned: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Selection of 2001 Museum Acquisitions.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine of Art &amp; Antiques</em> 154 (December 2001): 24\u201357.", "page_number": "p. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 74\u201375", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E. and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art; New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \"Good or Evil? 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"height": "1968", "filesize": "9071876"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of various donors to the department of Asian Art (by exchange)", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 161427, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2000-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2000.118", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:23:52.255000"}, {"id": 88940, "accession_number": "2020.104", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Port of l'Estaque, the Pier, 1906. Georges Braque (French, 1882\u20131963). Oil on canvas; unframed: 59.7 x 73 cm (23 1/2 x 28 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift, 2020.104. \u00a9 Artists Right Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "The Port of l'Estaque, the Pier", "creation_date": "1906", "creation_date_earliest": 1906, "creation_date_latest": 1906, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, early 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 59.7 x 73 cm (23 1/2 x 28 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.597, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.73, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "framed": {"height": 0.803, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.93, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Right Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "(Possibly) <em>Salon des Independents. </em>Paris, France (1907). (possibly no. 723 or 725)", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Georges Braque</em>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (October \u2013 December 1963)", "opening_date": "1963-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Chefs d'Oeuvres des Collections Suisses</em>. Palais de Beaulieu, Lausanne, Switzerland (1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Le Fauvism francais et les debuts de l'Expressionisme allemande.</em> Musee Nationale d'Art Modern, Paris, France (January \u2013 March 1966); Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (March \u2013 May 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-03-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Galerie Kahnweiler, Paris, France, no. K1141)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to George Isarlov, <em>Georges Braque</em> (Paris: J. Corti, 1932), p. 14.</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Wilhelm Uhde [1874\u20131947], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to the 1997 Christie\u2019s sale catalogue.</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Possibly Paul Roemer, Berlin, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->A label on back of the painting notes, \u201cPaul Roemer, Bellevuestr. 10, Berlin W9 59 Braque\u201d. Paul Roemer (1878-1945) was an art dealer in Berlin. Roemer\u2019s gallery was located at 10 Bellevuestrasse, L\u00fctzowplatz, from 1938 to 1939.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "about 1938", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Dr. A. Fuchs, Berlin, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950s", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "possibly by descent in the family", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to the 1997 Christie\u2019s sale catalogue. A label on the back of the painting gives the name \u201cDr. A. Fuchs\u201d as the lender to the Haus der Kunst Fauves-Expressionisten exhibition, cat. no. 8.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Private German Collector", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, London, December 9, 1997, lot 24, sold to a private collector)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 9, 1997", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(C&M Arts, New York, NY, sold to Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 2013", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 2013\u20132020", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Inspired by the light and atmosphere of Port of l'Estaque, Braque wrote, \u201cIt\u2019s there that I felt all the elation. All the joy, welling up inside me.\u201d", "description": "Early in his career, Georges Braque was a member of the French Fauves (\u201cwild beasts\u201d), a group of artists active between 1905 and 1908. Their principal aim was to liberate color from its descriptive role and instead to use it for purely expressive purposes. Braque painted this marine view during his first visit to the south of France when he was 24 years old. His excitement is felt in the undulating hills and short, powerful brushstrokes, often applied in complementary color contrasts.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87480998"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Isarlov, George. <em>Georges Braque</em>. Paris: Jos\u00e9 Corti, 1932.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zervos, Christian. \"Georges Braque.\" <em>Cahiers d' Art</em> VIII (1933): 1-15.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper, Douglas. <em>Georges Braque; Pra\u0308dikat des ICOM: \"agree</em>.\" Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Franzis-Druck, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palais de Beaulieu (Lausanne, Suisse). Chefs d'oeuvres des collections suisses: de Manet a\u0300 Picasso. Lausanne: Skira, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoog, Michel et al. <em>Le Fauvisme franc\u0327ais et les de\u0301buts de l'expressionnisme allemand. </em>Paris: Mus\u00e9e Nationale d'Art Moderne, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 35; Reproduced: P. 43, no.8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pouillon, Nadine and Isabelle Monod-Fontaine. <em>Braque: \u0153uvres de Georges Braque, 1882-1963</em>. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, Muse\u0301e national d'art moderne, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 24-25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freeman, Judi. <em>The Fauve Landscape</em>. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45, pl. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Historic Gift: Highlights from the Keithley Gift,\" <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> (Summer 2020).", "page_number": "Mention and reproduction pp. 6-7.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Historic Gift. Longtime CMA supporters Joseph and Nancy Keithley give 114 works, the largest gift in more than 60 years.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 3 (Summer 2020): Cover, 6-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 6; Mentioned: P. 7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William M. \u201cRecent Acquisitions (2013-20) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine </em>163, no. 1414 (January 2021): 93-104.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 98, no. 9; mentioned: P. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Modern European Painting.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 132-139, 142-149. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 142-143; Mentioned: p. 257-258", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brown, Heather Lemonedes. \u201cColor, Sensation, and Memory: Themes in the Keithleys\u2019 gift and promised gift.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>62, no. 3 (2022): Cover, 4-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 4; Mentioned: P. 4, 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2022-03/page/4/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\"Exhibitions: Transformative Gift.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques </em>XLV, no. 10 (November 2022): 48-53.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.104", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 88940, "creators": [{"id": 3029, "description": "Georges Braque (French, 1882\u20131963)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1882", "death_year": "1963", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1906, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1906", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.434000"}, {"id": 144961, "accession_number": "1970.156", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Green Tara, c. 1260s, mounted 2020. Attributed to Aniko (Nepalese, active in Tibet mid- to late 1200s). Thangka; gum tempera, ink, and gold on sized cotton; mount: silk; painting: 52.4 x 43.2 cm (20 5/8 x 17 in.); overall: 107 x 65 cm (42 1/8 x 25 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund by exchange, 1970.156", "current_location": "237 Himalayan", "title": "Green Tara", "creation_date": "c. 1260s, mounted 2020", "creation_date_earliest": 1250, "creation_date_latest": 1270, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Central Tibet"], "technique": "thangka; gum tempera, ink, and gold on sized cotton; mount: silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Tibetan Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 52.4 x 43.2 cm (20 5/8 x 17 in.); Overall: 107 x 65 cm (42 1/8 x 25 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.07, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.65, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "painting": {"height": 0.524, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.432, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "Tolerance is the most excellent asceticism; the Buddha said that \"Tolerance is the best liberation.\" Novices who harm others and cause others pain are not [true] practitioners.", "inscription_remark": "Lower four lines of the inscription on the verso translated from the Tibetan by Dr. Paul Nietupski", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Om Ah Hum", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Behind brow, throat, and heart of Green Tara", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "om tare tutare ture svaha", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Mantra of Green Tara", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Om Ah Hum", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Behind the Buddha Amoghasidhi, in smaller letters", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Om Ah Hum", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Behind the figure of the monastic donor", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "om ah sarva vyida svaha", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Sanskrit mantra, top line of the inscriptions on the verso", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "ye dharm\u0101 hetuprabhav\u0101 he-\ntu\u1e43 te\u1e63\u0101\u1e43 tath\u0101gato hy avadat te\u1e63\u0101\u1e43 ca yo \nnirodha eva\u1e43v\u0101d\u012b mah\u0101\u015brama\u1e47a\u1e25", "inscription_translation": "Of those phenomena which arise from causes:\nThose causes have been taught by the Tath\u0101gata (Buddha),\nAnd their cessation too - thus proclaims the Great Ascetic.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 206268, "title": "Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet", "description": "<i>Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (October 5, 1998-January 17, 1999); Museum Rietberg, Z\u00fcrich (February 14-May 16, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 689028, "title": "Himalayan Gallery 237 Rotation", "description": "<i>Himalayan Gallery 237 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 16, 2026-January 10, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-01-16T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 239)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 18, 2013-June 30, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 237)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 4-November 7, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-04-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The tiny monastic figure under Green Tara's right hand commissioned the painting.", "description": "For Tibetans, Green Tara is one of the preeminent figures of their Buddhist faith, a radiant savioress who embodies the female form of the perfect, enlightened mind. The Green Tara in the Cleveland <em>thangka\u2014</em>a Tibetan devotional painting on cloth\u2014specifically dispels fear and provides protection, just like her mantra inscribed on the back side of the painting. Her green color and fear-not gesture link her to the cosmic Buddha of the North, enshrined above her head. Most scholars agree that this work was painted by the celebrated Nepalese artist known as Aniko.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470748"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.156-green-tara"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1970.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 2 (1971): 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 70, p. 157", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 297", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n317"}, {"citation": "<em>Orientations</em>, vol. 20, October 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover and fig. 17, p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rhie, Marylin M., and Robert A. F. Thurman. <em>Wisdom and Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 14, p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Singer, Jane Casey. \"Early Tankas: Eleventh-Thirteenth Centuries,\" <em>Marg: A Magazine of the Arts </em>(Sept. 1996), pp. 28\u201329.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fisher, Robert E. <em>Art of Tibet</em>. London; New York: Thames &amp; Hudson, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 112, pp. 134\u2013135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 158\u2013159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kossak, Steven, Jane Casey Singer, and Robert Bruce-Gardner. <em>Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibe</em>t. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 37, pp. 144\u2013146", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/101557"}, {"citation": "Kossak, Steven, Jane Casey Singer, Robert Bruce-Gardner, and Michael Henss. <em>Geheime Visionen: fru\u0308he Malerei aus Zentraltibet</em> [=Sacred visions : early paintings from Central Tibet]. Zu\u0308rich: Museum Rietberg, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 37, pp. 144\u2013146", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 101, pp. 91, 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blezer, Henk and John Ardussi, eds. <em>Impressions of Bhutan and Tibetan Art: Tibetan Studies III</em>. Leiden: Brill, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw, \"Great Acquisitions and Southeast Asian Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Orientations </em>(Jan/Feb 2005), vol. 36, no. 1.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 86\u201387", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sparks, Amy. \"Was Sherman Lee Ever Wrong?\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 49, no. 6 (July/August 2009): 3\u20135.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2009-06/page/2/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Jackson, David Paul, and Christian Luczanits. <em>Mirror of the Buddha: Early Portraits from Tibet: from the Masterworks of Tibetan Painting Series</em>. New York: Rubin Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p 12, fig 1.8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 104\u2013105", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art: April through June 2016</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Stories from Storage.\" <em>The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries </em>24, i. 5 (May 2021): 6\u20137.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 6\u20137", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie. \u201cAsian Art: Green Tara and the Art of Protection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 24.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2021-01"}, {"citation": "Campbell, Aurelia. \"Consecrating the Imperial City: Tibetan Stupas in Yuan Dadu.\" <em>Journal of Song-Yuan Studies </em>51 (2022): 207\u2013243, plates 252\u2013255", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 233, fig. 11; Reproduced: p. 253", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.156", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.156/1970.156_alt20_web.jpg", "width": "703", "height": "893", "filesize": "636472"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.156/1970.156_alt20_print.jpg", "width": "2675", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8739905"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.156/1970.156_alt20_full.tif", "width": "3934", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59080508"}, "date_created": "2007-11-14T15:51:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.156/1970.156_alt21_web.jpg", "width": "731", "height": "893", "filesize": "661850"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.156/1970.156_alt21_print.jpg", "width": "1257", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1986336"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.156/1970.156_alt21_full.tif", "width": "1257", "height": "1536", "filesize": "5794484"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Harriett Warm and Dick Blum Gallery", "athena_id": 144961, "creators": [{"id": 705258, "description": "Aniko (Nepalese, active in Tibet mid- to late 1200s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": null, "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1250, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1260s, mounted 2020", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tanka with Green Tara"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-02 11:23:17.667000"}, {"id": 114684, "accession_number": "1934.29", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child, c. 1470\u201380. Workshop of Hans Memling (Netherlandish, 1494). Oil on wood; framed: 41.3 x 31.4 x 4.1 cm (16 1/4 x 12 3/8 x 1 5/8 in.); unframed: 31.5 x 22 cm (12 3/8 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1934.29", "current_location": "112 Northern Renaissance", "title": "Virgin and Child", "creation_date": "c. 1470\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1470, "creation_date_latest": 1480, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders, Bruges"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 41.3 x 31.4 x 4.1 cm (16 1/4 x 12 3/8 x 1 5/8 in.); Unframed: 31.5 x 22 cm (12 3/8 x 8 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.413, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.314, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.041, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.315, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.22, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309851, "title": "Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 22-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-01-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 399550, "title": "Hans Memling", "description": "<i>Hans Memling</i>. Groeningemuseum, Bruges (organizer) (August 12-November 15, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-08-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>French and Flemish Primitives</em>, Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH, (1935).", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Flemish Paintings</em>, The Worcester Art Museum, MA, (1939); Philadelphia Museum of Art, (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Grete Ring, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Arnold Seligman, Rey & Co,, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This small panel was once part of a devotional portrait diptych (a hinged two-panel painting). The Christ child\u2019s attention seems drawn to something outside the picture and lifts his hand in recognition. The opposing panel, once hinged on the right, would have featured a portrait of its original owner in prayer, now unfortunately lost. Such devotional portrait diptychs were popular after 1400 and remained so until their production ceased around the 1530s. Used in private chapels or within the curtain folds of four-poster beds, they could easily be closed when not in use. Hans Memling was born near Frankfurt, Germany. He settled in Bruges around 1465 where he developed a reputation for his painting skills, and provided works to the Burgundian court, which likely cultivated the taste for small portrait diptychs. This example seems to have been painted by a member of Memling\u2019s workshop, perhaps for a wealthy merchant or clergyman.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44211657"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1934.29-virgin-and-child"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"A Madonna and Child by Hans Memling.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>21, no. 9 (November 1934): 139-144", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 142", "url": "jstor.org/stable/25137649"}, {"citation": "Toledo Museum of Art. French and Flemish Primitive Exhibition: Catalogue. Toledo: The Museum, 1935.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 204", "url": null}, {"citation": "Worcester Art Museum, Perry Blythe Cott, and Henri Marceau. The Worcester-Philadelphia Exhibition of Flemish Painting, Organized by the Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, Massachusetts, and the John G. Johnson Collection, Philadelphia ... Worcester Art Museum, February 23-March 12; John G. Johnson Collection at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, March 25-April 26, 1939. Philadelphia: Printed by G. H. Buchanan Co, 1939.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n33"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 433", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n80"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n93"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n93"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 55, p. 156 - 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 81", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n101"}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \u201cA Book of Hours of Queen Isabel La Cat\u00f3lica.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 10 (December 1981): 342\u2013427.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 414, fig. 153; Mentioned: p. 406", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159749"}, {"citation": "Martin Nagy, Rebecca. Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 30-31, 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vos, Dirk de, Hans Memling, D. Marechal, and Willy Le Loup. Hans Memling: Catalogue. [Brussels]: Ludion, 1994.", "page_number": "cat. no. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gelfand, Laura D. \u201cDevotion, Imitation, and Social Aspirations: Fifteenth-Century Bruges and a Memling School Madonna and Child.\u201d <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 5 (2000): 6\u201319.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6-19, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20079704"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1934.29", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.29/1934.29_web.jpg", "width": "625", "height": "893", "filesize": "511888", "filename": "1934.29_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.29/1934.29_print.jpg", "width": "2379", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7555725", "filename": "1934.29_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.29/1934.29_full.tif", "width": "6396", "height": "9140", "filesize": "175405072", "filename": "1934.29_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Lucia Smith Nash Gallery", "athena_id": 114684, "creators": [{"id": 2984, "description": "Hans Memling (Netherlandish, 1494)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "workshop of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1494", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1934-01-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1470, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1470\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madonna and Child"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:57:43.498000"}, {"id": 294175, "accession_number": "2017.1", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Alabama, 1960. Norman Lewis (American, 1909\u20131979). Oil on canvas; overall: 122.6 x 184.5 cm (48 1/4 x 72 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2017.1. \u00a9 Estate of Norman W. Lewis; Courtesy of Michael Rosenfeld Gallery LLC, New York, NY", "current_location": "227 Abstract Expressionism", "title": "Alabama", "creation_date": "1960", "creation_date_earliest": 1960, "creation_date_latest": 1960, "artists_tags": ["male", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 122.6 x 184.5 cm (48 1/4 x 72 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.226, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.845, "width_inch": 72, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Norman W. Lewis; Courtesy of Michael Rosenfeld Gallery LLC, New York, NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306886, "title": "Recent Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Recent Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 17-June 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443702, "title": "Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus", "description": "<i>Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-June 26, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Recent Acquisitions 2014-20</em>17. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 17, 2018-June 6, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Norman Lewis was the son of parents who had emigrated to the U.S. from Bermuda.", "description": "During the Civil Rights Movement, Lewis sought to align his interest in abstraction with current events. With its black and white palette, <em>Alabama</em> offers a symbolic duality for a time entrenched in racial conflict. Furthermore, the painting's composition has prompted viewers to draw additional associations from its abstract shapes, such as a nighttime Ku Klux Klan gathering.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482854"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"'Alabama:' A Top Acquisition.\" <em>The Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland, OH), March 26, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. A6; Reproduced: p. A6", "url": null}, {"citation": "O'Grady, Megan, \"Once Overlooked, Black Abstract Painters Are Finally Given Their Due,\" <em>New York Times Style Magazine, </em>February 14, 2021.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Cleveland Museum of Art Survey's America's Racial History Through Works by Modern, Contemporary Black Artists,\" <em>Plain Dealer, </em>February 27, 2022.", "page_number": "p. D-2.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bittencourt, Renata, \"Art for Times of Insurrection,\" in Adriano Pederosa and Rodrigo Moura, eds., <em>Melvin Edwards: Lynch Fragments</em>, exh. cat. (Museu de arte de S\u00e3o Paulo Assis Chateaubriand, Brazil, 2018).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 16-17; reproduced p. 17.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Amaki, Amalia K. \"The African American Aspect of American Art,\" in Stephen M. Sessler, ed., <em>American Art: Collecting and Connoisseurship</em> (London: Merrell, 2020).", "page_number": "Mention, P. 115.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Disman, Barry. <em>Norman Lewis: A Retrospective: Catalogue</em>. New York: City University of New York, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conwill, Kinshasha, and David Craven. <em>Norman Lewis: Black Paintings 1946-1977</em>. New York: Studio Museum in Harlem, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13, 23, 27, 32, 39; Reproduced: fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "McNally, Owen. \"Black Tones, Bright Star.\" <em>Hartford Courant </em>(Hartford, CT), March 28, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": "https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1999-03-28-9903280453-story.html"}, {"citation": "Damsker, Matt. \"Transcending Race, Refining Abstraction.\" <em>Hartford Courant </em>(Hartford, CT), April 4, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zimmer, William. \"The Color Black: On the Painter's Canvas and the World.\" <em>The New York Times </em>(New York, NY), May 30, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Ann Eden. \"Diaspora and Ritual: Norman Lewis's Civil Rights Paintings.\" <em>Third Text </em>45 (June 2008).", "page_number": "Mentioned: 31, 39, 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wood, Sara. \"\"Pure Eye Music\": Norman Lewis, Abstract Expressionism, and Bebop. In <em>The Hearing Eye: Jazz &amp; Blues Influences in African American Visual Art, </em>edited by Graham Lock and David Murray. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jones, Kellie. <em>EyeMinded: Living and Writing Contemporary Art. </em>Duke University Press, 2011.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Tan, Mindy. \"Canvas Politics: Norman Lewis and the Art of Abstract Resistance.\" PhD diss., Purdue University, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30; Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Welch, John. \"Norman Lewis, Artist, Visionary, Humanist.\" <em>IRAAA, </em>2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced", "url": "http://iraaa.museum.hamptonu.edu/page/Norman-Lewis,-Artist,-Visionary,-Humanist"}, {"citation": "Welch, John. \"Discovering the Artistic Genius of Norman Lewis.\" <em>The Root</em>, December 20, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": "https://www.theroot.com/discovering-the-artistic-genius-of-painter-norman-lewis-1790862122"}, {"citation": "Bradford, Mark. \"Social Abstraction.' <em>The International Review of African American Art,</em> vol. 26 no. 1: 41-42.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Blood, Anne. \"The Indefatigable Curiosity of Norman Lewis.\" <em>Hyperallergic, </em>March 28, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced", "url": "https://hyperallergic.com/286221/the-indefatigable-curiosity-of-norman-lewis/"}, {"citation": "Vali, Murtaza.\"Norman Lewis: Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.\" <em>Artforum </em>54 (April 2016).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "Qui, Serena. \"Norman Lewis: Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts.\" <em>Art in America </em>104 (June/July 2016).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 149; Reproduced: p. 149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eisenman, Stephen. \"Painting Black and Blue: A Review of Norman Lewis at the Chicago Cultural Center.\" <em>Newcity Art </em>(Chicago, IL), December 16, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Reproduced", "url": "https://art.newcity.com/2016/12/16/painting-black-and-blue/"}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Civil Rights Era Masterpiece by Norman Lewis Leads Acquisitions at Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Cleveland.com </em>(Cleveland, OH), March 21, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": "https://www.cleveland.com/arts/2017/03/norman_lewis_masterpiece_evoki.html"}, {"citation": "Schreiber, Kelley Notaro. \"Cleveland Museum of Art Announces New Acquisitions.\" The Cleveland Museum of Art, March 21, 2017,", "page_number": "Mentioned; Reproduced", "url": "https://www.clevelandart.org/about/press/media-kit/cleveland-museum-art-announces-new-acquisitions-4"}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Museum Director Wants More.\" <em>Sunday Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland, OH), August 6, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. A14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grant, Daniel. \"Top Museum Acquisitions: 2017 In Review.\" <em>Antiques &amp; Fine Art Magazine, </em>Spring 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \u201cAcquisition Highlights: American Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 58, no. 2 (March/April 2018): 18.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Griswold, William M. \u201cRecent Acquisitions (2013-20) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine </em>163, no. 1414 (January 2021): 93-104.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 99, no. 12; mentioned: P. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franke, Anselm. Parapolitics: Cultural Freedom and the Cold War. <br>Berlin : Haus der Kulturen der Welt ; Berlin : Sternberg Press 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 434", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2017.1", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Frank H. and Nancy L. Porter Gallery", "athena_id": 294175, "creators": [{"id": 7921, "description": "Norman Lewis (American, 1909\u20131979)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1909", "death_year": "1979", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2017-02-27T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1960, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1960", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:46.275000"}, {"id": 119326, "accession_number": "1940.228", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Teapot, c. 1755\u201360. Nathaniel Hurd (American, 1730\u20131778). Silver, Wood; with handle: 14.5 x 24.4 cm (5 11/16 x 9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Hollis French, 1940.228", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Teapot", "creation_date": "c. 1755\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1765, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Silver, Wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "with handle: 14.5 x 24.4 cm (5 11/16 x 9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"with handle": {"height": 0.145, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.244, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "engraved:  coat of arms of Gibbs on side.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 705378, "title": "Silver and American Tradition", "description": "<i>Silver and American Tradition</i>. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (February 13-March 19, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701687, "title": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton", "description": "<i>Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (June 10-July 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 703567, "title": "Masterpieces of American Silver", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of American Silver</i>. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (organizer) (January 15-February 14, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Hollis French, Annisquam, MA.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The master silversmith Nathaniel Hurd, whose portrait hangs nearby, made this teapot engraved with the crest of the family that commissioned it. Tea was a precious commodity in Colonial America and this silver piece would have held a place of honor at the owner's tea table.", "description": "This teapot not only demonstrates Hurd's mastery of the art of forging silver, but of engraving it as well. The design for the coat of arms of the Gibbs family incised on this teapot was probably taken from Guillim's Display of Heraldry, published in 1724. In Hurd's portrait by Copley the words \"Display of Heraldry/J. Guillim\" are visible on the spine of the large book shown at the sitter's elbow.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779298"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.228-teapot"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"A Collection of Early American Silver Gift of Hollis French.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>27, no. 9 (November 1940): 131-142.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135; Reproduced: p. 140", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140882"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 332", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n64"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n177"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n177"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n216"}, {"citation": "Johnston, Phillip M. <em>Catalogue of American Silver: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 136", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.228", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.228/1940.228_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "447608", "filename": "1940.228_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.228/1940.228_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "991992", "filename": "1940.228_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.228/1940.228_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4250", "filesize": "70156508", "filename": "1940.228_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Hollis French", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119326, "creators": [{"id": 33346, "description": "Nathaniel Hurd (American, 1730\u20131778)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1730", "death_year": "1778", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1755\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:09:50.918000"}, {"id": 144280, "accession_number": "1969.118", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Apis Bull, 400\u2013100 BCE. Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305\u201330 BCE). Serpentinite; overall: 53 x 19 x 59 cm (20 7/8 x 7 1/2 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1969.118", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Apis Bull", "creation_date": "400\u2013100 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -400, "creation_date_latest": -100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305\u201330 BCE)"], "technique": "serpentinite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Ptolemaic Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 53 x 19 x 59 cm (20 7/8 x 7 1/2 x 23 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.53, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.19, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.59, "depth_inch": 23, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25, "length": 0.59, "length_inch": 23, "length_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 218228, "title": "La gloire d'Alexandrie", "description": "<i>La gloire d'Alexandrie</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris (organizer) (May 5-July 26, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-05-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 677276, "title": "Divine Egypt", "description": "<i>Divine Egypt</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 6, 2025-January 19, 2026) https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/divine-egypt.", "opening_date": "2025-10-06T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 27 January-22 February 1970, The Year in Review for 1969, cat.: CMA Bulletin 57, no. 1 (January 1970), no. 2, back cover; CMA 1975, no. 77; Brooklyn/Detroit/Munich 1989, no. 105; CMA 1996 (not in catalogue); Paris 1998, p. 199, no. 144 (entry by Alain Charron)", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, France; Mus\u00e9e du Petit Palais. \"La Gloire d'Alexandrie\" 5/5/98 - 7/26/98.", "opening_date": "1998-05-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Purchased from Marguerite Mallon, La Jaille, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A larger base, likely inscribed, may have hidden the rough, unfinished lower edges of this statue.", "description": "Sacred animal cults have a long history in ancient Egypt, but they became even more important in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods. Because each god could incarnate himself into any animal species, beasts of all sorts--dogs, cats, ibises, crocodiles--were protected, venerated, mummified, and collected by the thousands in specialized animal cemeteries. The sacred bull cults were different. Apis, the bull of Memphis, was a god in his own right. But he was also associated with other deities, such as Ptah, the god of Memphis, and Osiris, in the form of Osiris-Apis (or Serapis). Statues and reliefs always show him crowned with a sun disk and cobra. When an Apis bull died, he was given a burial fit for a king in an area of the Memphite cemetery known as the Serapeum.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762440"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.118-apis-bull"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1969.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 1 (January 1970): 2\u201350.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Back cover; Mentioned: p. 44, no. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152307"}, {"citation": "Lanes, Jerrold ed. \"Recent Accessions of American and Canadian Museums,\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em>, vol. 33, no. 4 (Winter 1970): 325.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \u201cA Medley of Bulls.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 1 (January 1971): 10\u201319.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 17-18, fig. 12", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152357"}, {"citation": "Fazzini, Richard A. et al. <em>Cleopatra\u2019s Egypt: Age of the Ptolemies</em>. New York: Brooklyn Museum, 1988. p. 211\u2013212, cat. 105.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 466-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ghisellini, Elena. \"Sull'so di Pietre Colorate Nell'egitto Tolemaico fra Tradizione e Innovazione.\" <em>Bollettino d'Arte </em>VII, no. 37-38 (January-June 2018): 5-26.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 16-17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Semat, Aude. \"Hathor.\" In <em>Divine Egypt, </em>edited by Diana Craig Patch and Brendan Hainline, 40-51. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 50-51, no. 18", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.118", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.118/1969.118_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "139607", "filename": "1969.118_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.118/1969.118_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2549", "filesize": "1716861", "filename": "1969.118_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.118/1969.118_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "10650", "filesize": "453844868", "filename": "1969.118_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.118/1969.118_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "120960"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.118/1969.118_alt0_print.jpg", 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1966.13", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "Antiochus and Stratonice", "creation_date": "c. 1838", "creation_date_earliest": 1833, "creation_date_latest": 1843, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on linen", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 74.5 x 91.5 x 11 cm (29 5/16 x 36 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 48.1 x 63.9 cm (18 15/16 x 25 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.745, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.915, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.481, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.639, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361190, "title": "Ingres: Centennial Exhibition, 1867-1967. Drawings, Watercolors and Oil Sketches from American Collections", "description": "<i>Ingres: Centennial Exhibition, 1867-1967. Drawings, Watercolors and Oil Sketches from American Collections</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (February 12-April 9, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 198256, "title": "The Last Days of Pompeii: Decadence, Apocalypse, Resurrection", "description": "<i>The Last Days of Pompeii: Decadence, Apocalypse, Resurrection</i>. Getty Villa, Pacific Palisades, CA (September 12, 2012-January 7, 2013); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-July 7, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-09-03T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, New Burlington Galleries. Exhibition of Masters of French 19th Century Painting (1936), no. 1, lent by Alphonse Kann.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Art Museum. Ingres Centennial Exhibition 1867-1967 (1967), no. 78, 79 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1967-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Frick Collection. Ingres and the Comtesse d'Haussonville (1985-86), no. 55, 72-76 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1985-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Getty Villa (9/12/2012 - 1/7/2013), The Cleveland Museum fo Art (2/24/2013 - 5/19/2013), Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Qu\u00e9bec (6/13/2013 - 9/8/2013):  \"The Last Days of Pompeii: Decadence, Apocalypse, Resurrection\"", "opening_date": "2012-09-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (09/ 12/2012 - 01/07/2013 Getty Villa Malibu, CA; 02/24/2013 - 07/07/2013 Cleveland Museum of Art); \"The Last Days of Pompeii: Decadence, Apocalypse, Resurrection\"", "opening_date": "2013-01-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ingres estate sale, Paris, Drouot, 27 April 1867 (lot 6), Stratonice, R\u00e9p\u00e9tition presque termin\u00e9e du m\u00eame sujet [Stratonice], 1834, ff 4,220. Mme Ingres. Louis Bazille, Montpellier (1870). Pierre Leenhardt, Paris sale, Georges Petit, 4 May 1922 (lot 29, repr.), Stratonice, ou la maladie d'Antiochus. Alphonse Kann, Paris. Seized by the Germans in 1941. Recovered after WWII. Sold by Kann's heirs. Anonymous sale, Paris, Galerie Charpentier, 12 May 1950 (lot 30, repr.), Stratonice, ou la maladie d'Antiochus. Jacques Seligmann, New York. Purchased by the cma on 3 January 1966.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Struck by a mysterious illness, Antiochus lies in bed near death. His grieving father, who has recently taken Stratonice as his wife, summons a doctor. Noticing that the sight of the young woman quickens Antiochus\u2019s pulse and that passion causes his sickness, the doctor describes the youth\u2019s predicament to his father, who selflessly offers Stratonice to his son. The subject, both a love story and an example of parental devotion, enjoyed considerable popularity well into the 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469545"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.13-antiochus-and-strato"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. 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Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n189"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n224"}, {"citation": "Real, William A. \u201cExploring New Applications for Infrared Reflectography.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 8 (December 1985): 390\u2013412.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 404-406, figs. 16-18b", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159923"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 364-369, Vol. II, no. 128", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vigne, Georges. \"Stratonice, Le Belle Silencieuse d'Ingres.\" In <em>Ingres: l'Artiste et Ses Princes </em>edited by Mathieu Deldicque and Nicole Garnier-Pelle, 108-133. Exh. cat. Paris: In Fine, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122, fig. 7.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.13", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "169721", "filename": "1966.13_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2547", "filesize": "2274586", "filename": "1966.13_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_full.tif", "width": "7519", "height": "5633", "filesize": "127086812", "filename": "1966.13_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "670", "filesize": "140371"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2531", "filesize": "2578352"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7892", "height": "5874", "filesize": "139096072"}, "date_created": "2013-11-12T11:58:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "679", "filesize": "230053"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2564", "filesize": "3449742"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7807", "height": "5888", "filesize": "137926104"}, "date_created": "2013-11-12T12:01:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "728", "filesize": "229876"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2749", "filesize": "2532445"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6832", "height": "5524", "filesize": "113248404"}, "date_created": "2013-11-12T10:33:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1196", "height": "893", "filesize": "694436"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2539", "filesize": "5281833"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.13/1966.13_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5127", "height": "3828", "filesize": "58910228"}, "date_created": "2007-01-18T19:56:16", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 142298, "creators": [{"id": 1685, "description": "Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (French, 1780\u20131867)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leading exponent of French neoclassicism and the academic tradition, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was born in Montauban in 1780. At the age of ten he began studying art and music in Toulouse. In 1797 he entered the Paris studio of David (q.v.), where he became a favorite pupil and assistant. Barely a year later a dispute prompted Ingres to leave the studio and enroll in the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. In 1801 he won the Prix de Rome, but lack of funds prevented him from departing for Italy until 1806. During fourteen years in Rome and four in Florence, Ingres painted romantic troubadour themes and became an admirer of Raphael. In 1824 he returned to Paris and exhibited at the Salon, where a fierce debate erupted between his supporters and those of Delacroix (q.v.). The controversial Salon of 1824 signaled Ingres's emergence as the leader of the neoclassical movement in France. At that point he effectively assumed the role of his former teacher David, now in exile. In 1833 the French government appointed Ingres vice president of the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and president the following year. In 1834 he accepted the directorship of the French Academy in Rome and spent the next seven years painting and studying antique art in Italy. In 1841 he returned to Paris, where his paintings were greeted with thunderous critical acclaim. A major retrospective at the Exposition Universelle of 1855 confirmed his reputation but also aroused the hostility of young artists opposed to academic rules and conventions. During his later years Ingres continued his bitter rivalry with Delacroix, successfully blocking the latter's admission to the academy until 1857. Ingres died in 1867, leaving behind a circle of followers and a remarkable drawing style that was to inspire later artists, including Degas (q.v.) and Pablo Picasso (1881-1973).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1780", "death_year": "1867", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1833, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1838", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Antiochus and Stratonice (The Sickness of Antiochus)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:49.347000"}, {"id": 129300, "accession_number": "1952.17", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "George III, 1783. Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820). Oil on canvas; framed: 152 x 127 x 9.5 cm (59 13/16 x 50 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 126.5 x 101 cm (49 13/16 x 39 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence S. Robbins, 1952.17", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "George III", "creation_date": "1783", "creation_date_earliest": 1783, "creation_date_latest": 1783, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 152 x 127 x 9.5 cm (59 13/16 x 50 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 126.5 x 101 cm (49 13/16 x 39 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.52, "height_inch": 59, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.27, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.265, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.01, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"B. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, The Royal Academy of Arts, (1783 (73?)). see Algernon Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts: A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from its Foundation in 1769 to 1904; see von Erffa and Staley's entry on painting for citation; if 1783, no. 73, p. 214.", "opening_date": "1904-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Inaugural Exhibition</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (6 June - 20 September 1916). listed p. 44, cat. no. 163, mistitled Portrait of the Duke of York.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Heritage Kingston</em>, Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario (3 June - 28 October 1973). cat. no. 26, pp. 34-35, illus. p. 34.", "opening_date": "1973-06-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em> \"The Dye is Now Cast\" The Road to American Independence, 1774-1776,</em> The National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C. (19 April - 16 November 1975). cat. no. 92, illus. p. 146.", "opening_date": "1975-04-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The World Turned Upside Down</em>, Yorktown Victory Center, Yorktown, VA (9 May - 31 December 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-05-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>British New York 1664-1783</em>, Museum of the City of New York, New York (15 April - 27 November 1983). illus. inside pamphlet in color.", "opening_date": "1983-04-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. T. Fisher, Sidcup, Kent, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1910", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(S.T. Smith & Son, London, England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Vose Gallery, Boston, MA)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Otto Miller, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Elsa Woolworth Miller, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Sale: Kende Galleries at Gimbel Brothers, New York, October 14, 1944)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "October 14, 1944", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence S. Robbins, Shaker Heights, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1952", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Over the king's shoulder is a cape trimmed with ermine, a fur associated with royalty.", "description": "King George III commissioned more than 80 paintings from West, including this portrait that celebrates his military leadership by presenting him in a suit of armor. Such an image likely was intended to bolster George III's reputation, which had been tarnished the previous year when he was forced to formally recognize American independence.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515945"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.17-george-iii"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"A Check List: American Paintings and Watercolors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no.1 (January 1973).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.35, no.186", "url": "www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/25152465?seq=15#metadata_info_contents"}, {"citation": "<em> \"The Dye is Now Cast\" The Road to American Independence, 1774-1776,</em> The National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D.C. (19 April - 16 November 1975). cat. no. 92, illus. p. 146.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Kende Sales.\" <em>The Art Digest</em> (October 1, 1944).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.20 (misidentified as \"Duke of York\")", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freed, Kenneth J. \"How George III Helped the U.S.\" <em>The Bridgeport Connecticut Post</em> (August 17, 1975).", "page_number": "Reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de. <em>Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution: Selected Letters and Papers 1776-1790</em>. Edited by Stanley J. Idzerda. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.336", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, London. <em>British Paintings</em>. July 10 and July 17, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned under Lot 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Erffa, Helmut von, and Allen Staley. <em>The Paintings of Benjamin West</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.466", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. \"Frederic A. Whiting: Founding the Museum with Art and Craft.\" In <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Edited by Evan H. Turner. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailyn, Bernard. <em>The Great Republic: A History of the American People</em>. Vol 1. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.224", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.258", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hedberg, Gregory.<em> Yanks Paint Brits: From Benjamin West to Nelson Shanks, from King George III to the Princess of Wales. </em>Exh. Cat. New York, N.Y.: Hirschl &amp; Adler Galleries, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Denver Art Museum. <em>600 Years of British Painting: The Berger Collection</em>. Exh. Cat. Denver, CO: Denver Art Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griffin, Patrick. <em>America's Revolution</em>. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ilchman, Frederick, Thomas S. Michie, C. D. Dickerson, and Esther Bell. <em>Casanova: The Seduction of Europe</em>. Boston, MA: MFA Publications, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 195, fig. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gengler, Matthew. \"You Ask, We Answer.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 59, no.5 (September/October 2019), 20.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 20.", "url": "archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-05/page/n9/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.17", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "186452", "filename": "1952.17_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2497673", "filename": "1952.17_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_full.tif", "width": "10021", "height": "12526", "filesize": "376597996", "filename": "1952.17_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "193339"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3195416"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10338", "height": "12921", "filesize": "400760748"}, "date_created": "2024-06-06T10:06:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "900", "filesize": "234005"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2765", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2816852"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9413", "height": "11573", "filesize": "326840264"}, "date_created": "2024-06-06T09:32:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "445000"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2703", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5775389"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.17/1952.17_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3840", "height": "4831", "filesize": "55680244"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence S. Robbins", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 129300, "creators": [{"id": 2553, "description": "Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-01-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1783, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1783", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:40:18.515000"}, {"id": 93992, "accession_number": "1914.567", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Stele with Sakyamuni and Bodhisattvas, 537. China, Hebei province, Eastern Wei dynasty (534-550). Limestone; overall: 77.5 x 44.4 cm (30 1/2 x 17 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1914.567", "current_location": "241C Chinese Buddhist Sculptures", "title": "Stele with Sakyamuni and Bodhisattvas", "creation_date": "537", "creation_date_earliest": 537, "creation_date_latest": 537, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Hebei province, Eastern Wei dynasty (534-550)"], "technique": "limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Northern Dynasties", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 77.5 x 44.4 cm (30 1/2 x 17 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.775, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.444, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Fully inscribed on reverse", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 220914, "title": "Images of Enlightenment:  Gems from Buddhist Art of Asia", "description": "<i>Images of Enlightenment:  Gems from Buddhist Art of Asia</i>. Art Museum, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (September 26-December 15, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-09-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>In the Footsteps of Buddha: An Iconic Journey from India To China</em>. University Museum and Art Gallery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (September-December 1998). cat. no. 93", "opening_date": "1998-09-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Edgar Worch [1880\u20131972], New York, NY and Berlin, Germany, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131914", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["420.1914"], "did_you_know": "Traces of polychrome paints remaining in the interstices of the carving, particularly on the foliate carving around Shakyamuni, suggest the stele was originally brightly colored.", "description": "According to the inscription, this stele was commissioned in 537 by Yuan'ning, prince of the Gaoping branch of the imperial Wei family, in memory of his deceased consort, in the hope that it would bring her to the Western paradise. It was carved by one of the finest craftsmen in the Eastern Wei capital of Ye in Hebei province. <br><br>Here, the Buddha's robe shows a careful arrangement of patterned drapery (large U-shaped folds and scallop-shaped folds at the hem), combining linear rhythms with an ordered symmetry. Soaring flames edge the <em>mandorla </em>(almond-shaped halo), echoing the linear eloquence of Chinese painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780798"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1914.567-stele-with-sakyamuni"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Recent Accessions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>1, no. 2 (1914): 1-3.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4; mentioned: p. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25135978"}, {"citation": "MacLean, J. Arthur. \"A Buddhist Trinity.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 1, no. 3 (1914): 2-3.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3; mentioned: pp. 2, 4,", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25135991"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n50"}, {"citation": "Sizer, Theodore. \"Chinese Sculpture.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 13, no. 9, 1926, pp. 196-203", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136972"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n66"}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. <em>A History of Early Chinese Art</em>. London: E. Benn, Limited, 1929.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  II, pl. 200, A.B.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 815", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n144"}, {"citation": "Saburo\u0304, Matsubara \u677e\u539f\u4e09\u90ce. \"Eastern Wei Sculpture-its characteristics and its connection with Japanese Tori Style sculpture of the Asuka Period [\u6771\u9b4f\u96d5\u523b\u8ad6]\" <em>Bijutsu Kenkyu\u0304</em> [ \u7f8e\u8853\u784f\u7a76 = The journal of art studies], no. 202 (Jan. 1959), pp. 17-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Matsubara, Saburo\u0304. <em>Chu\u0304goku Bukkyo\u0304 cho\u0304koku shi kenkyu\u0304</em> [= Chinese Buddhist sculpture: a study based on bronze and stone statues other than works from cave temples]. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kobunkan,1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 111, 112, fig. 86A and B", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 143; Reproduced: fig. 166, p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n274"}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pl. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n274"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 330", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n350"}, {"citation": "Berthier, Fran\u00e7ois. <em>Genesis of Japanese Buddhist sculpture</em> . [Paris]: Publications orientalistes de France, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Linduff, Katheryn M. <em>Tradition, Phase, and Style of Shang and Chou Bronze Vessels</em>. New York: Garland Pub, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: plate 5, p. 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan National Palace Museum. <em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xiang</em> [\u5916\u5275\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf= Chinese art in overseas collections. Buddhist sculpture]. Taibei Shi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Naomi Noble Richard. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160, fig. 203", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith, and Anne E. Wardwell. \"New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>vol. 81, no. 8 (1994): 270-347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 318; Mentioned: p. 317-18, 320", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161465"}, {"citation": "Watson, William. <em>The Arts of China to AD 900</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  fig. 236, p. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ghose, Rajeshwari, Puay-peng Ho, and Chuntang Yang. <em>Fa xiang chuan zhen: gu dai fo jiao yi shu</em> [\u6cd5\u76f8\u50b3\u771f : \u53e4\u4ee3\u4f5b\u6559\u517f\u8853; In the footsteps of the Buddha: an iconic journey from India to China]. Hong Kong: Xianggang da xue mei shu bo wu guan, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 93, p. 301", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 78, p. 74; Mentioned: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sun, Di, editor. Z<em>hongguo liu shi hai wai Fo jiao zao xiang zong he tu mu </em>[\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u5931\u6d77\u5916\u4f5b\u6559\u9020\u50cf\u603b\u5408\u56fe\u76ee = Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Buddhist Statues in Overseas Collections]. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "vol. 2, pp. 404-405", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 56-57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Re-Emergence: New Chinese Galleries and Art Acquisitions of The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Orientations</em> 44, no. 8 (November/December 2013): 64-75.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 64, fig 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lin, Nancy. \"5000 Years of Korean Art: Exhibitions abroad as cultural diplomacy.\" <em>Journal of the History of Collections </em>Vol. 28, no. 3 (2016): 383-400.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 396, fig. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Giuffrida, Noelle. <em>Separating Sheep from Goats: Sherman E. Lee and Chinese Art Collecting in Postwar America</em>. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78, fig. 39", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1914.567", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.567/1914.567_web.jpg", "width": "635", "height": "893", "filesize": "379677", "filename": "1914.567_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.567/1914.567_print.jpg", "width": "2416", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6045194", "filename": "1914.567_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.567/1914.567_full.tif", "width": "4139", "height": "5824", "filesize": "72351244", "filename": "1914.567_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.567/1914.567_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "893", "filesize": "399078"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.567/1914.567_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2667", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6363036"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.567/1914.567_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4389", "height": "5594", "filesize": "73694480"}, "date_created": "2011-08-15T13:18:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.567/1914.567_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "699", "height": "893", "filesize": "475990"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.567/1914.567_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1963", "filesize": "2466420"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.567/1914.567_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1963", "filesize": "9048828"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "ead841ad0125426b8de404924e7dfa9b", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/ead841ad0125426b8de404924e7dfa9b", "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 93992, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1914-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 537, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "537", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Buddha Group in Mica Stone", "Buddhist Trinity", "Shakyamuni Trinity", "Votive Stele", "Stele: Sakyamuni Trinity"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:04.943000"}, {"id": 145473, "accession_number": "1971.102", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Kiss of Peace and Justice, 1654. Laurent de La Hyre (French, 1606\u20131656). Oil on canvas; framed: 68.5 x 89 x 6.5 cm (26 15/16 x 35 1/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 54.9 x 76.2 cm (21 5/8 x 30 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1971.102", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "The Kiss of Peace and Justice", "creation_date": "1654", "creation_date_earliest": 1654, "creation_date_latest": 1654, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 68.5 x 89 x 6.5 cm (26 15/16 x 35 1/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 54.9 x 76.2 cm (21 5/8 x 30 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.685, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.89, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.549, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  L. De La Hyre. / in. & F. 1654 [inscribed on stone in center:  IVSTITIA ET PAX / OSCULATAE SUNT / Psal. 84]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1971</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441434, "title": "Laurent De La Hyre", "description": "<i>Laurent De La Hyre</i>. Mus\u00e9e de Grenoble, Grenoble, France (organizer) (January 14-April 10, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-01-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 213380, "title": "The Splendor of Ruins in French Landscape Painting, 1640-1800", "description": "<i>The Splendor of Ruins in French Landscape Painting, 1640-1800</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (March 19-June 19, 2005); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (July 15-October 15, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-03-19T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 1972: \"Year in Review for 1971,\" Bull., LIX (Jan., 1972), p. 42, no. 53, repr. p. 12.", "opening_date": "1972-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, May 26-August 22, 1982: \"French Painting in the 17th Century,\" cat. # 34, pp. 251-252, repr. clr. p. 158 Also to: Chicago, IL, The Art Institute of Chicago, 9/18-11/28/82", "opening_date": "2011-09-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Grenoble, France, Musee de Grenoble, January 13-April 3, 1989: \"Laurent de La Hyre,\" cat. #", "opening_date": "1989-01-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (6/19/2005 - 6/19/2005) and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX (7/15/2005 - 10/15/2005):  \"The Splendor of Ruins in French Landscape Painting, 1640-1800\"", "opening_date": "2005-06-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Evrard Titon du Tillet, Paris, probably 1762; Randon de Boisset, Receveur General des Finances, Paris (sale: Paris, February 27\u2014March 25, 1777, no. 170); Joulin [Joullain?]; Marquis de Sabran; purchased by J. B. P. Lebrun in 1796 for Mr. Codman (see Literature, 1935); (sale: Christie's, London, November 27,1970, no. 52, illus., and dated 1659); Lady Nathan; [Cyril Humphris, London). John L. Severance Fund, 1971.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "While the figures of Peace and Justice may refer to Psalm 85:10, the peaceful, pastoral landscape is described in Psalm 85:12.", "description": "The figures of Peace (burning the weapons of war) and Justice (holding a sword and scales) embrace in a quiet landscape. The Latin inscription under the antique urn reads \u201cJustice and Peace kissed\u201d (referring to an Old Testament verse, Psalms 85:10). The subject may have had political significance: the painting\u2019s date coincides with the end of the Fronde, a period of civil war in France during which the <em>parlement </em>(courts of appeal) and the nobility sought\u2014unsuccessfully\u2014to limit the power of the monarchy", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471254"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.102-the-kiss-of-peace-an"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mireur, Hippolyte. <em>Dictionnaire des V entes d'Art Faites en France et a\u0300 l'\u00c9tranger Pendant les XVIIIme &amp; XIXme Sie\u0300cles</em>. Paris: Maison D'E\u0301ditions d'\u0152uvres Artistiques, Ch. de Vincenti, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 517", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wolcott, Cora Codman. <em>A History of the Codman Collection of Pictures. </em>Brookline, Massachusetts: Twin Pines Farm, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Duvaux, Lazare. <em>Livre-journal de Lazare Duvaux</em>. Paris: F. de Nobele (Mayenne, impr. J. Floch), 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 322 (CCCXXII)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Alphabetical Classification of Paintings, Watercolours, Pastels, and Drawings Including Supplement.\" <em>World Collectors Annuary </em>22 (1970): 1-667", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 259", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Reproductions.\" <em>World Collectors Annuary </em>22 (1970): 1-80", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, no. 2538", "url": ""}, {"citation": "De\u0301zallier d'Argenville, Antoine-Nicolas. <em>Voyage Pittoresque de Paris</em>. Gene\u0300ve, Minkoff Reprint, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 291", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, and Jacques Thuillier. \"Laurent de La Hyre: The Kiss of Peace and Justice.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>61, no. 9 (November 1974): 300-308", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 300-301, 304, 305, 307; Mentioned p. 302-308", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152548"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n193"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p, 12-13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salerno, Luigi. <em>Pittori di Paesaggio del Seicento a Roma III Landscape Painters of the Seventeenth Century in Rome.</em> Roma: Ugo Bozzi Editore, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 948, pl. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76-78; Reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>France in the Golden Age: Seventeenth-Century French Paintings in American Collections.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158; Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 251-252", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wright, Christopher. <em>The French Painters of the Seventeenth Century</em>. London: Orbis, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 192", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sandoz, Marc. <em>Cahiers du Paysage de Montagne: Et de Quelques Sujets Relatifs al la Montagne</em>. Paris: Editart-Les Quatre Chemins, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, fig. 19; Mentioned: p. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, and Jacques Thuillier. L<em>aurent de La Hyre, 1606-1656: L'Homme et l'\u0152uvre. </em>Gene\u0300ve: Skira, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 332-333, no. 318", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lavergne-Durey, Val\u00e9rie. \"Les Titon, M\u00e9c\u00e8nes et Collectionneurs \u00e0 Paris \u00e0 la fin du XVII et au XVIII Si\u00e8cles.\" <em>Bulletin de la Socie\u0301te\u0301 de l'Histoire de l'Art Franc\u0327ais </em>(1989): 77-102", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88, fig. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n113/mode/1up"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European and American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Borys, Stephen. <em>The Splendor of Ruins in French Landscape Painting, 1630-1800</em>. Oberlin College, Ohio : Allen Memorial Art Museum, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 116-117", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.102", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.102/1971.102_web.jpg", "width": "1260", "height": "893", "filesize": "797732", "filename": "1971.102_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.102/1971.102_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2410", "filesize": "5363068", "filename": "1971.102_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.102/1971.102_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "3899", "filesize": "64366164", "filename": "1971.102_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.102/1971.102_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1154", "height": "893", "filesize": "910899"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.102/1971.102_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2630", "filesize": "6802386"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.102/1971.102_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4173", "height": "3228", "filesize": "40457948"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T18:20:51", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 145473, "creators": [{"id": 1882, "description": "Laurent de La Hyre (French, 1606\u20131656)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1606", "death_year": "1656", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-09-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1654, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1654", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:22.893000"}, {"id": 130360, "accession_number": "1953.125", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Torso of a Kouros, c. 550 BCE. Greece, Archaic period. Marble; overall: 62.5 cm (24 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1953.125", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Torso of a Kouros", "creation_date": "c. 550 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -555, "creation_date_latest": -545, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, Archaic period"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 62.5 cm (24 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.625, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442299, "title": "Das Meschenbuild in der europ\u00e4ischen Kunst (Images of Man in Western Art)", "description": "<i>Das Meschenbuild in der europ\u00e4ischen Kunst (Images of Man in Western Art)</i>. Antikenmuseum, Charlottenburg, Germany (July 5-September 28, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-07-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mrs. Paul Mallon, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1953", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In antiquity, brightly colored paint would probably have rendered this <em>kouros </em>more lifelike.", "description": "<br>Known as a <em>kouros</em>, the ancient Greek word for a youth, this fragmentary statue belongs to a relatively rare type of large-scale stone sculpture made for little more than a century\u2014shortly before 600 BCE to soon after 500 BCE. A nude youth standing with arms to the sides and one foot slightly advanced, the type probably originated under Egyptian influence, but then developed along entirely Greek lines. Found in sanctuaries as well as cemeteries across the ancient Greek world, <em>kouroi</em> may represent gods\u2014especially Apollo\u2014as well as mortals. Although incomplete, this kouros retains much of its beautifully finished and patterned surface.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754379"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.125-torso-of-a-kouros"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Archaeology</em>. \u201cArchaeological News.\u201d <em>Archaeology</em>, Vol. 7, No. 4 (December 1954): 252.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned p. 252", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41663252"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Cleveland Kouros.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 41, no. 3 (1954): 43\u201351.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141946"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n18"}, {"citation": "Cahn, H.A. \"Der kuros von Cleveland.\" <em>Antike Kunst, </em>Vol. 1, No. 2 (1958): 75-76.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 75-76, pl. 32-33.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41318490"}, {"citation": "Richter, Gisela M. A. <em>Kouroi, Archaic Greek Youths; A Study of the Development of the Kouros Type in Greek Sculpture. </em>London: Phaidon Press, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 112 (Melos Group).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schefold, Karl. <em>Meisterwerke griechischer Kunst.</em> Basel. Kunsthalle. Catalogues. 1960-1961. Basel: B. Schwabe, 1960.", "page_number": "Pp. 170, 173, cat. VIII 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 2; Plate 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Hoffmann, H. (1961). [Review of <em>Kouroi. Archaic Greek Youths, a Study of the Development of the Kouros Type in Greek Sculpture</em>, by Gisela M. A. Richter]. <em>American Journal of Archaeology</em>, <em>65</em>(3), 319\u2013321 (Cleveland kouros mentioned).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/501702"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n44"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n42"}, {"citation": "Kenfield, John F. \"The Question of the Cleveland Kouros.\" <em>American Journal of Archaeology</em> 78, no. 1 (1974): 70-71.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 70-71, pl. 21.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/503762"}, {"citation": "Ridgway, Brunilde Sismondo. <em>The Archaic Style in Greek Sculpture</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 36, 81; pl. 3-4.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n42"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n24"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. <em>Knockouts: a pocket guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 9, p. 14 - 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spivey, Nigel. <em>Greek Sculpture</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. Fig. 5.7, p. 134.", "page_number": "Ill. p. 134, Fig. 5.7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 79", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.125", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.125/1953.125_web.jpg", "width": "747", "height": "900", "filesize": "168019", "filename": "1953.125_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.125/1953.125_print.jpg", "width": "2821", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1276993", "filename": "1953.125_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.125/1953.125_full.tif", "width": "7328", "height": "8832", "filesize": "194187264", "filename": "1953.125_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.125/1953.125_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "745", "height": "900", "filesize": "166171"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.125/1953.125_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2815", 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"print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.125/1953.125_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2540", "filesize": "2016659"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.125/1953.125_alt6_full.tif", "width": "9026", "height": "6743", "filesize": "182611680"}, "date_created": "2022-02-22T21:00:50", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "384326f9d7a34c14bc4641aa78c90557", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/384326f9d7a34c14bc4641aa78c90557", "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. John and Helen Collis Family Gallery", "athena_id": 130360, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-04-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -555, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 550 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:44.159000"}, {"id": 147519, "accession_number": "1973.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ballgame Palma, c. 900\u20131100. Mexico, Gulf Coast, Classic Veracruz style (600-1100). Stone; overall: 49.2 x 23.5 x 11.4 cm (19 3/8 x 9 1/4 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1973.3", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Ballgame Palma", "creation_date": "c. 900\u20131100", "creation_date_earliest": 900, "creation_date_latest": 1100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mexico, Gulf Coast, Classic Veracruz style (600-1100)"], "technique": "stone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 49.2 x 23.5 x 11.4 cm (19 3/8 x 9 1/4 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.492, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.235, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.114, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441986, "title": "Ulama : het balspel bij de Maya's en Azteken, 2000 v. Chr.--2000 n. Chr.: van mensenoffer tot sport (The ballgame of the Mayas and Aztecs, 2000 BC--AD 2000: from human sacrifice to sport)", "description": "<i>Ulama : het balspel bij de Maya's en Azteken, 2000 v. Chr.--2000 n. Chr.: van mensenoffer tot sport (The ballgame of the Mayas and Aztecs, 2000 BC--AD 2000: from human sacrifice to sport)</i>. Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden, Netherlands (organizer) (June 18-September 12, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-06-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441882, "title": "Treasures of the New World", "description": "<i>Treasures of the New World</i>. Mus\u00e9es Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium (organizer) (September 15-December 25, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 224436, "title": "The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame", "description": "<i>The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame</i>. Mint Museum, Charlotte, NC (September 24-December 30, 2001); New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, LA (February 16-April 28, 2002); Newark Museum, Newark, NJ (October 1-December 29, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-09-24T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Update on pre-acquisition history pending.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1973-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Mesoamerican ballgame was played with a hard rubber ball that players bounced off their hips.", "description": "Stone palmas\u2014so-called today for their palm frond-like shape\u2014are ceremonial sculptures that may replicate lightweight gear worn over the chest during the ballgame. The scene on the back of this palma vividly illustrates the tie between the ballgame and sacrifice. A bat descends from the top, clutching severed human body parts, and at the center an upright figure brandishes a blade over a reclining victim. The scene's many animal figures, including the one on the front, may belong to ballgame mythology that now is lost.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779596"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.3-ballgame-palma"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Spinden, Ellen S. \" The Place of Tajin in Totonac Archaeology.\" <em>American Anthropologist</em>. vol, 35, no. 2 (1933).", "page_number": "pp. 224-270", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palacios, Enrique Juan. <em>Arqueologi\u0301a de Mexico: culturas araica y tolteca (ilustraciones novadosas en parte precedentes de piezas de la coleccio\u0301n del autor)</em>. Mexico: Imprenta Mundial, 1937.", "page_number": "pp. 34-36, 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ekholm, Gordon. \" Is American Indian Culture Asiatic?\" <em>Natural History</em> (1950).", "page_number": "pp. 344-51, 382", "url": null}, {"citation": "Proskouriakoff, Tatiana. \" Classic Central Veracruz Sculpture.\" <em>Contributions to American Archaeology and History</em>. 11 (1954).", "page_number": "pp. 63-90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Covarrubias, Miguel. <em>Indian Art of Mexico and Central America</em>. New York: Knopf, 1957.", "page_number": "pl. XZII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Willey, Gordon R. <em>An Introduction to American Archaeology</em>... 2, 2. New Jersey: Prencice-Hall, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "\" Recent Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> Vol. XXXVI, no. 4 (Winter, 1973).", "page_number": "p. 427 & 437", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1973.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 2 (1974).", "page_number": "pp. 73 & 80, no. 28", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Classic Veracruz Sculptures.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 10 (1974).", "page_number": "pp. 321-330", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152555"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 394", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n414"}, {"citation": "Kubler, George. <em>The Art and Architecture of Ancient America: The Mexican, Maya, and Andean Peoples</em>. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1984.", "page_number": "pl. 40b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leyenaar, Ted J. J., and Lee Allen Parsons. <em>Ulama, Het Balspel Bij De Maya's En Azteken, 2000 V. Chr.-2000 N. Chr.: Van Mensenoffer Tot Sport = Ulama, the Ballgame of the Mayas and Aztecs, 2000 BC-AD 2000</em> : from Human Sacrifice to Sport. Leiden: SMD Informatief, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 61 & 175, pl. 2, fig. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Deletaille, Emile, and Lin Deletaille. <em>Tre\u0301sors du nouveau monde.</em> Bruxelles: Muse\u0301es royaux d'art et d'histoire, 1992.", "page_number": "fig. 99 a, b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Solis, Felipe. \" La Costa del Golfo: El Arte del Centro de Veracruz y del Mundo Huasteco.\"<em> Mexico en el Mundo de las Colecciones de Arte</em>. <em>Mesoamerica </em>1 (1994.)", "page_number": "pp. 196-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whittington, E. Michael. <em>The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame. </em>London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 259, no. 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 78-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Mexican Art Abroad Series</em>. 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "5c5227e077e04654bcffa15002b9b51a", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/5c5227e077e04654bcffa15002b9b51a", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147519, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-02-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 900\u20131100", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:02.230000"}, {"id": 165154, "accession_number": "2007.155", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Brahma-Shiva, 900s. South India, Tamil Nadu, Chola dynasty, late 10th - early 11th century. Granite; overall: 162.6 x 48 cm (64 x 18 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, this work was accepted in honor of Stanislaw Czuma in recognition of his long service to the CMA, 2007.155", "current_location": "244 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Brahma-Shiva", "creation_date": "900s", "creation_date_earliest": 850, "creation_date_latest": 1000, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South India, Tamil Nadu, Chola dynasty, late 10th - early 11th century"], "technique": "granite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Chola", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 162.6 x 48 cm (64 x 18 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.626, "height_inch": 64, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.48, "depth_inch": 18, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875, "length": 0.8, "length_inch": 31, "length_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 676976, "title": "Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d", "description": "<i>Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 12, 2024-November 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Hindu, Khmer, Chinese Sculptures and Early Chinese Bronzes</em>. Wildenstein Galleries, New York, NY (1927).", "opening_date": "1927-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Manifestations of Shiva</em>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA; Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX; Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (1981\u20131982).", "opening_date": "1981-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Shiva and His Many Incarnations. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 24, 2007-March 5, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-06-24T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(C. T. Loo & Co., New York, NY, sold to Mrs. George A. [Lucie Matter] Forman [c. 1883\u20131952] for gift to the Albright Knox Art Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Lucie Matter (c. 1883\u20131952) married George Alfred Forman (1875\u20131923). Mr. Forman was the founder, president, and principal stockholder of \"Southwestern Petroleum Company.\" Later after his death, she married Harry Blanchard Spaulding (1881\u20131955).</div>"], "date": "?\u20131927", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Albright Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY, deaccessioned and consigned to Sotheby's, New York for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927\u20132007", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, New York, NY, March 23, 2007 sale, Lot 27, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 23, 2007", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2007\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The back of the sculpture retains the original textured surface from a pointed chisel, suggesting it was in a niche or near a wall, protected from worshippers\u2019 touches.", "description": "In the Hindu pantheon Brahma is in charge of carrying out the work of creation. In this tour-de-force of South Indian temple sculpture, he is in a special regal aspect, with the only elements of his typical priestly appearance being the prayer beads and the matted dreadlocks piled on his head. <br><br>Four arms connote superhuman power, and four heads convey the idea that his creative activities spread in all four directions. His upper right hand enjoins freedom from fear, and the lower holds a lotus bud associated with birth and the process of creation. His lowered left hand is held in the gift-giving gesture, suggestive of the gift of creation he will bestow upon the world.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757898"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2007.155-brahma", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2007.155-brahma-shiva"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "O. C. Gangoly, \u201cSome Images of Brahma of the Chola Period,\u201d <em>Rupam</em>, Nos. 35-36, July-October 1928, pp. 29-30.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eastman, Alvan C. \u201cA Brahma Image of the X-XI Century.\u201d <em>Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts of the City of Detroit</em>, vol. 10, no. 3, 1928, pp. 34\u201336", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: pp. 34\u201336", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41501157"}, {"citation": "<em>Buffalo Fine Arts Academy Notes</em>. vol. 21, no. 1 (May 1930).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Buffalo Fine Arts Academy Notes</em>. vol. 22, no. 1 (September 1930).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ritchie, Andrew Carnduff ed. <em>Catalogue of the Paintings and Sculpture in the Permanent Collection</em>. [Buffalo]: Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, 1949.", "page_number": "p. 154, no. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lippe, Aschwin. \u201cDivine Images in Stone and Bronze,\u201d <em>Metropolitan Museum Journal</em>, Vol. 4, 1971, pp. 29-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: figs. 10-11, p. 38", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1512615"}, {"citation": "Nash, Steven A., Katy Kline, Charlotta Kotik, and Emese Wood. <em>Painting and Sculpture from Antiquity to 1942</em>. New York: Rizzoli International Publications in association with the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York,1979.", "page_number": "pp. 90-91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kramrisch, Stella. <em>Manifestations of Shiva</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 45, p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's New York. <em>Indian &amp; Southeast Asian Art: Including Property of the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York</em>. March 23, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Lot 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Failing, Patricia. \"The Hard Sell?,\" <em>ARTnews</em>, vol. 106 no. 6 (June 2007).", "page_number": "p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 47 (September 2007): 3-4.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover and pp. 3-4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-07/page/2"}, {"citation": "Andrews, Isabel, John Mallet, and Samson Spanier. \"To Sell-Or Not to Sell\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em>, September 2007, Vol. 166, pp. 34-39.", "page_number": "p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 47 (October 2007): back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced: back cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Acquired by North American Museums, 2006-2008.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 58, 2008, pp. 137\u2013185.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152, fig.9.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20542572"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. \u201cRecent Acquisitions (2005\u201411) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em>, vol. 154, no. 1312, 2012, pp. 525\u2013532.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 527, fig. 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"2007-05-21T15:50:52", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, this work was accepted in honor of Stanislaw Czuma in recognition of his long service to the CMA", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. & Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 165154, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2007-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 850, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Shiva as Brahma", "Brahma"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-02 11:23:18.029000"}, {"id": 125101, "accession_number": "1946.80", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figural Pendant, 400\u2013700. Panama, Dari\u00e9n or Venado Beach region, Openwork style, 5th-8th Century. Cast gold; overall: 7.8 x 5.3 x 2.3 cm (3 1/16 x 2 1/16 x 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Benjamin P. Bole, 1946.80", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Figural Pendant", "creation_date": "400\u2013700", "creation_date_earliest": 400, "creation_date_latest": 700, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Panama, Dari\u00e9n or Venado Beach region, Openwork style, 5th-8th Century"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 7.8 x 5.3 x 2.3 cm (3 1/16 x 2 1/16 x 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.078, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.053, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.023, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517921, "title": "The Gold of Ancient America", "description": "<i>The Gold of Ancient America</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (December 1, 1968-January 18, 1969); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 1-March 9, 1969); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (March 24-April 20, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357417, "title": "Shamanism", "description": "<i>Shamanism</i>. Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, Santiago, Chile (organizer) (December 1, 2022-June 30, 2023) https://museo.precolombino.cl/2022/12/12/chamanismo-visiones-fuera-del-tiempo-la-nueva-exposicion-del-museo-chileno-de-arte-precolombino/.", "opening_date": "2022-12-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; November 19 1945-January 6 1946.  \"Art of the Americas,\" repr. in catalogue, black and white, p. 47.", "opening_date": "1945-11-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, OH: The Taft Museum; October 6 -November 19, 1950.  \"Ancient American Gold and Jade.\" cat. no. 119, pg. 20, no repr.", "opening_date": "1950-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Munich, Germany: Haus der Kunst; October 17-Decmeber 12, 1958. Zurich, Switzerland: Kunsthaus; January 1- February 28, 1959.  circulating exhibition of \"Pre-Columbian Art from Mexico and Central America.\"", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; Feburuary 23-April 3, 1966. \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, MA: The Boston Museum of Fine Arts; December 5, 1968- January 12, 1969. Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Chicago; February 1, 1969- March 9, 1969. Richmond, VA: Virginia Museum of Fine Art; March 24, 1969- April 20, 1969.  \"The Gold of Ancient America: Masterpieces from the Pre-Columbian World.\" cat. no.93, pg.112, black and white repr.", "opening_date": "1968-12-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This ornament was made with the lost-wax casting technique.", "description": "This emphatically male figure combines a human body with a composite animal head. The antlers are the stag's; the snout, perhaps a snarling feline's; and the hair is formed of braided serpents whose heads hiss from the figure's shoulders. The extended tongue may convey aggression or perhaps death because dying animals are depicted with lolling tongues. Either condition is in keeping with the creature's ferocity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758964"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.80-figure-with-deer-ant", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.80-figural-pendant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 233", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"New Accessions in Pre-Columbian Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>35, no. 8 (October 1948): 190-192.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 191; Reproduced: p. 193", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141498"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 380", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n71"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.80", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.80/1946.80_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "893", "filesize": "328272", "filename": "1946.80_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.80/1946.80_print.jpg", "width": "2493", "height": "3030", "filesize": "1602534", "filename": "1946.80_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.80/1946.80_full.tif", "width": "2493", "height": "3030", "filesize": "22694888", "filename": "1946.80_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.80/1946.80_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "824", "height": "893", "filesize": "386999"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.80/1946.80_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3139", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6440062"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.80/1946.80_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2443", "height": "2646", "filesize": "19431872"}, "date_created": "2011-11-07T13:57:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.80/1946.80_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "893", "filesize": "361958"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.80/1946.80_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1977", "filesize": "1794887"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.80/1946.80_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1977", "filesize": "9113364"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Benjamin P. Bole", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "bb5d1a75ed0e4068b9b965e4b6eb5945", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/bb5d1a75ed0e4068b9b965e4b6eb5945", "gallery_donor_text": "Jon A. Lindseth and Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Galleries of the Ancient Americas", "athena_id": 125101, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u2013700", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Figurine Pendant"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:11.940000"}, {"id": 93984, "accession_number": "1914.561", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Coffin of Bakenmut, c. 1000\u2013900 BCE. Egypt, Thebes, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE), Dynasties 21\u201322. Gessoed and painted sycamore fig; overall: 208 x 68 cm (81 7/8 x 26 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1914.561", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Coffin of Bakenmut", "creation_date": "c. 1000\u2013900 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1000, "creation_date_latest": -900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Thebes, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE), Dynasties 21\u201322"], "technique": "gessoed and painted sycamore fig", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Third Intermediate", "type": "Funerary Equipment", "measurements": "Overall: 208 x 68 cm (81 7/8 x 26 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.08, "height_inch": 81, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.68, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "length": 2.08, "length_inch": 81, "length_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thebes, probably Deir el-Bahri", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Purchased from Joseph Hassan Ahmed, Luxor, by Lucy Olcott Perkins through Henry W. Kent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1914", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Originally another smaller coffin was placed inside this outer coffin and in that the deceased with a mummy board would have rested.", "description": "The coffin of Bakenmut is one of the finest examples of painted wooden coffins made for the priests of Amen and their families at Thebes during Dynasty 21 and early Dynasty 22. The pharaohs of this time were no longer buried in the Valley of the Kings, but instead built tombs in the Delta, far to the north, where they resided. Security was lax in the Theban necropolis. The coffins and funerary goods of the wealthy citizens of Thebes were placed in unmarked and undecorated family tombs cut into the cliffs on the west bank of the Nile. All the care and detail that in more prosperous times were devoted to the decoration of the tomb chapel were now lavished on the elaborately painted coffins. Every available surface is crowded with religious scenes, images of funerary gods and goddesses, protective spells, and magical symbols. The deceased appears mummiform. An elaborate floral collar entirely covers the upper body, exposing only the separately attached hands (now lost). A pair of red \"mummy braces\" are crossed over the chest, their point of intersection marked by a winged sun disk. The lower body is covered with tiny figures modeled in gesso against a yellow background, which gives the effect of gold inlaid with glass or semiprecious stone. The decoration on the interior features two deified dead kings of Dynasty 18. Although these rulers had lived centuries before, memory of their greatness was still very much alive. The main scene near the top depicts Tuthmosis III, the great military pharaoh, who lived 500 years before Bakenmut. Posed as a mummy, the ruler wears a brilliant feathered garment enfolding him with falcon\u2019s wings. The scene below features back-to-back seated images of Amenhotep I, regarded as the patron of the Theban cemetery and worshiped as a local god there.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740279"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1914.561-coffin-of-bakenmut"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williams, Caroline Ransom. \"The Egyptian Collection in the Museum of Art at Cleveland, Ohio,\" <em>Journal of Egyptian Archaeology </em>5 (1918).", "page_number": "pp.177-8, No. 15, pl. XXXI", "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/030751331800500123"}, {"citation": "Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L. B. Moss. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1960.", "page_number": "Part 2, p. 637", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Martha L. Carter. <em>Egyptian Art, the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1963.", "page_number": "pp. 12-13, pls. 15-16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/EgyptianArt_80670/page/n15"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced (detail): p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n28"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced (detail): p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n26"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced (detail): p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n34"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"An Introduction to the Art of Egypt,\" <em>Arts and Activities</em> 83, no. 2 (March 1978).", "page_number": "pp. 34-6, figs. 2-4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \u201cGuessing the Unseen from the Seen.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 9 (December 1979): 334\u2013346.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 343-344, fig. 20", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159651"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Arielle P. Kozloff. <em>An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [The Museum], 1983.", "page_number": "p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, A. H. <em>Classical Mediterranean Spirituality: Egyptian, Greek, Roman</em>. New York: Crossroad, 1986.", "page_number": "pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mys\u0301liwiec, Karol. <em>Royal portraiture of the dynasties XXI-XXX</em>. Mainz am Rhein: Ph. von Zabern, 1988.", "page_number": "pls. I, II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Niwinski, Andrzej. <em>21st Dynasty Coffins from Thebes: Chronological and Typological Studies</em>. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 134, no. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walsem, Reijer van. <em>The Coffin of Djedmonthuiufankh in the National Museum of Antiquities at Leiden</em>. Leiden: [Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden], 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 55n.31, 57n.44, 59n.57, 61-62, 64-65, 68-69, 84, 90-91, 93-94, 96, 101, 103, 108 (erroneously for Cl 2 [255]), 109, 112-14 and n. 141, 115 nn. 146 and 147, 118-19, 124, 130n.204, 135, 138, 142n.265, 148-49, 151, 155, 159n.326, 167n.364, 169, 173, 175, 177n.375, 187, 194-95, 197n.452, 210, 256, 259, 262, 264, 270n.820, 271, 273, 287, 289, 290, 292, 293nn.903, 905, and 911, 294nn.921-23, 297, 304-6 and n. 982, 309-10, 314n.1034, 315 and nn. 1035, 1036, and 1040, 317- 18, 320 and n. 1087, 338, 346 n. 1286, 360n.1437, figs. 43, 45, 46, 60, 153, 173, 205, 209, 211, 434, 477, 484", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M. \"La Collection Egyptienne du Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Bulletin de la Socie\u0301te\u0301 franc\u0327aise d'e\u0301gyptologie (BSFE) </em>134 (October 1995).", "page_number": "p. 17, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M. \"Royal Allegory,\" <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 36, no. 3 (March 1996).", "page_number": "p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-03/page/8/"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 314-324, cat. no. 251; reproduced: P. 58-59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., \"New Look at Ancient Egypt\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 01, January 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-01/page/6"}, {"citation": "Gleisser, Benjamin, \" Mystery of the Nile,\" <em>Northern Ohio Live</em> (September 1999).", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mys\u0301liwiec, Karol. <em>The twilight of ancient Egypt: first millennium B.C.E</em>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley.<em> Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "No. 8, pp. 12-13, cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ma\u0301lek, Jaromi\u0301r. <em>Egypt: 4000 Years of Art</em>. 2003.", "page_number": "p. 116 & 227", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 74-75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vandenbeusch, Marie, Aude Semat, and Margaret Maitland. <em>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art ; London : The British Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.86, p. 160; Reproduced: p. 87, fig.50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tedbury, Imogen. \"Our Woman in Cairo: Lucy Olcott Perkin's Work as an Agent for the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Art Market and the Museum: Institutional Collecting, Display and Patronage since the Mid-Nineteenth Century. </em>Edited by Frances Fowle, and MaryKate Cleary, 167-183. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 173; Reproduced: pl. 13", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1914.561", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.561/1914.561_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "893", "filesize": "330837", "filename": "1914.561_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.561/1914.561_print.jpg", "width": "2810", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5897546", "filename": "1914.561_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.561/1914.561_full.tif", "width": "5301", "height": "6413", "filesize": "102017220", "filename": "1914.561_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 93984, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1914-01-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1000\u2013900 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Coffin of Bekenmut"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:59:21.908000"}, {"id": 149105, "accession_number": "1977.37.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scenes of Witchcraft: Morning, c. 1645\u20131649. Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615\u20131673). Oil on canvas; framed: 76.2 x 9.6 cm (30 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 54.5 cm (21 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1977.37.1", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Scenes of Witchcraft: Morning", "creation_date": "c. 1645\u20131649", "creation_date_earliest": 1640, "creation_date_latest": 1654, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76.2 x 9.6 cm (30 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 54.5 cm (21 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.096, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"width": 0.545, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed: \"SR [monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 212949, "title": "Hot Dry Men, Cold Wet Women:  The Theory of Humor and Depictions of Men and Women in Western European Art of the 1600s", "description": "<i>Hot Dry Men, Cold Wet Women:  The Theory of Humor and Depictions of Men and Women in Western European Art of the 1600s</i>. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, NE (September 13-November 2, 1997); Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, Little Rock, AR (November 20, 1997-February 6, 1998); John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (February 27-April 24, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-09-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213572, "title": "Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic", "description": "<i>Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (December 12, 2010-March 27, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205152, "title": "The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa\u2019s Scenes of Witchcraft", "description": "<i>The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa\u2019s Scenes of Witchcraft</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 15-June 14, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-02-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, January 1978: Year in Review, cat. no. 42. Omaha, NE: Joslyn Art Museum 9/13 - 11/2/97.  Little Rock, AR: Arkansas Art Center 11/20/97 - 2/6/98.  Sarasota, FL: John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art 2/27 - 4/26/98. \"Hot Dry Men, Cold Wet Women: The Theory of Humor and Depictions of Men and Women in Western European Art of the 1600s.\"pp. 180-181, no. 62.", "opening_date": "1997-11-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kimbell Art Museum (12/12/2010 - 3/27/2011):  \"Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic\", ex. cat. no. 21a, p. 170-173.", "opening_date": "2010-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (2/15/2015 - 6/14/2015); \"The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa's Scenes of Witchcraft\"", "opening_date": "2015-02-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Niccolini Family (Florence, Italy) by 1657", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private collection (Florence, Italy)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Heim Gallery (London, England), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1977.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1977.39"], "did_you_know": "The artist chose the painting's shape to reference the foundational role of the circle in practicing magic.", "description": "Rosa's first scene depicts a young witch who plunges her knife into a writhing amphibian at dawn. The dark clouds of daybreak and anthropomorphic crags provide a gloomy atmosphere, while malevolent birds with piercing beaks hover around the central stabbing, focusing the viewer's attention on the witch's vicious act. The only beautiful enchantress Rosa ever painted, her elegance and ability to transform men into animals evokes the goddess Circe. But Rosa wasn't interested in classical imagery; he inverted expectations by transforming Circe into an explicitly violent sorceress. Her calm expression makes the terrifying gesture of upraised human hands among the birds even more disturbing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473369"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.37.1-scenes-of-witchcraft"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Langdon, Helen. Salvator Rosa Paint and Performance. London: Reaktion Books, Limited, 2022. .", "page_number": "Chapter 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fabbri, Sara. \u201c<em>Quattro Tondi con Incantesimi </em>di Salvator Rosa nella collezione del marchese Filippo Niccolini.\u201d <em>Notizie da Palazzo Albani</em> XXXVIII (2009): 81-104.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 176A, p. 398 - 403", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Salerno, Luigi, and Ira Kohn. \"Four Witchcraft Scenes by Salvator Rosa.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 7 (September 1978): 225-31.<br>Published as: <em>Witches' Scene</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 224-231: Reproduced: P. 224, 228", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159591"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: [p. 12 - 13]", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Education.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 2 (March/April 2015): 30-31.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-02"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.37.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "889", "filesize": "200793", "filename": "1977.37.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3358", "filesize": "2400014", "filename": "1977.37.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_full.tif", "width": "11409", "height": "11268", "filesize": "385701884", "filename": "1977.37.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "205810"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2491718"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "16000", "height": "12000", "filesize": "576031820"}, "date_created": "2014-11-17T15:47:56", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "911", "height": "893", "filesize": "544838"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3334", "filesize": "8271320"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4656", "height": "4566", "filesize": "63809424"}, "date_created": "2010-05-28T15:32:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "914", "height": "893", "filesize": "522034"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3323", "filesize": "8607931"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4712", "height": "4606", "filesize": "130251444"}, "date_created": "2010-05-28T15:34:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "885", "height": "893", "filesize": "423274"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3368", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6788942"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4777", "height": "4821", "filesize": "69125928"}, "date_created": "2010-05-25T14:54:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "894", "height": "893", "filesize": "584887"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3397", "filesize": "9082810"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4918", "height": "4915", "filesize": "72553056"}, "date_created": "2010-02-22T15:46:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "887", "height": "893", "filesize": "530637"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3376", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7503890"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.1/1977.37.1_alt5_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2007-01-30T18:36:25", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 149105, "creators": [{"id": 2285, "description": "Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615\u20131673)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1615", "death_year": "1673", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1640, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1645\u20131649", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1977.37", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Scene with Witches: Morning", "Witches Scenes"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:40:01"}, {"id": 149107, "accession_number": "1977.37.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scenes of Witchcraft: Evening, c. 1645\u201349. Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615\u20131673). Oil on canvas; framed: 76.2 x 9.6 cm (30 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 54.5 cm (21 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1977.37.3", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Scenes of Witchcraft: Evening", "creation_date": "c. 1645\u201349", "creation_date_earliest": 1640, "creation_date_latest": 1654, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76.2 x 9.6 cm (30 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 54.5 cm (21 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.096, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"width": 0.545, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed: \"SR [monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 220717, "title": "The Night", "description": "<i>The Night</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich (organizer) (November 1, 1998-February 17, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213572, "title": "Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic", "description": "<i>Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (December 12, 2010-March 27, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205152, "title": "The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa\u2019s Scenes of Witchcraft", "description": "<i>The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa\u2019s Scenes of Witchcraft</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 15-June 14, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-02-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, January 1978: Year in Review, cat. no. 42. The Night, Haus der Kunst, Munich, November 1, 1998- February 7, 1999.", "opening_date": "1998-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kimbell Art Museum (12/12/2010 - 3/27/2011):  \"Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic\", ex. cat. no. 21c, p. 170-173.", "opening_date": "2010-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (2/15/2015 - 6/14/2015); \"The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa's Scenes of Witchcraft\"", "opening_date": "2015-02-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Family of the Marchese Giovanni Niccolini, Florence; [Heim Gallery, London].  Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1977.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1977.38"], "did_you_know": "The artist chose the painting's shape to reference the foundational role of the circle in practicing magic.", "description": "At dusk, Rosa's hags gather around a cauldron. Above their incantations soars a conjured skeleton holding an hourglass symbolizing the brevity of life. In its left hand, the demonic creature holds a capital letter <em>A</em> from which extends a plumb line; as ancient signs of the moon and judgment, this strange combination of symbols embodies the nocturnal judgment the witches are doling out below. Though more rare in paint, the detailed portrayal of witches at their spells enjoyed a long literary tradition. The wax effigy alludes to classical literature by Virgil and Horace that described love magic. Poets in the 1500s and 1600s continued the tradition, writing verse about witches concocting potions and performing love spells. In Rosa's own poem \"La Strega (The Witch),\" the jilted Phyllis vows to take revenge on her feeble lover, listing the ingredients for her black magic: \"ground powders, mystic gems, snakes and owls, stinking blood. . . .\" Painting was considered \"mute poetry\" in the 1600s, and Rosa often explored the same themes in his written and painted art\u2014a clever way to gain fame as a unique intellect.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473376"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.37.3-scenes-of-witchcraft"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Langdon, Helen. Salvator Rosa Paint and Performance. London: Reaktion Books, Limited, 2022. .", "page_number": "Chapter 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Universita\u0300 di Urbino. Notizie da Palazzo Albani. Art &amp; Architecture Complete. Urbino: Argali\u0300a, 2009. pp. 81-104.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fabbri, Sara. \u201c<em>Quattro Tondi con Incantesimi </em>di Salvator Rosa nella collezione del marchese Filippo Niccolini.\u201d <em>Notizie da Palazzo Albani</em> XXXVIII (2009): 81-104.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 176C, p. 398 - 403", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Salerno, Luigi, and Ira Kohn. \"Four Witchcraft Scenes by Salvator Rosa.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 7 (September 1978): 225-231.<br>Published as: <em>Witches' Sabbath</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 224-231: Reproduced: P. 225, 229", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159591"}, {"citation": "De Nile, Tania. Fantasmagorie: streghe, demoni e tentazioni nell'arte fiamminga e olandese del Seicento. Roma : Officina libraria, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reporoduced: p. 220, fig. 256", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.37.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "896", "filesize": "151769", "filename": "1977.37.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3383", "filesize": "1790891", "filename": "1977.37.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_full.tif", "width": "11248", "height": "11192", "filesize": "377693640", "filename": "1977.37.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "172144"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2136433"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "16000", "height": "12000", "filesize": "576030776"}, "date_created": "2014-11-17T15:37:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "882", "height": "893", "filesize": "440057"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3359", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6324234"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4488", "height": "4542", "filesize": "61184720"}, "date_created": "2010-05-28T15:18:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "907", "height": "893", "filesize": "509340"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3346", "filesize": "8497535"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4688", "height": "4614", "filesize": "64921656"}, "date_created": "2010-05-28T15:22:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "897", "height": "893", "filesize": "363136"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3383", "filesize": "5989306"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4818", "height": "4795", "filesize": "69341804"}, "date_created": "2010-05-25T15:43:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "885", "height": "893", "filesize": "556906"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3369", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9015024"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4882", "height": "4926", "filesize": "72185444"}, "date_created": "2010-02-22T14:58:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "893", "filesize": "471227"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3375", "filesize": "6340527"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.3/1977.37.3_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3899", "height": "3870", "filesize": "45298624"}, "date_created": "2007-01-30T18:11:18", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 149107, "creators": [{"id": 2285, "description": "Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615\u20131673)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1615", "death_year": "1673", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1640, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1645\u201349", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1977.37", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Scene with Witches: Evening", "Witches Scenes"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:40:00.475000"}, {"id": 102549, "accession_number": "1921.1180", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Francis and Giovanni Gualberto, c. 1510\u201320. Benedetto Buglioni (Italian, 1461\u20131521). Glazed terracotta; overall: 174 x 96 x 27 cm (68 1/2 x 37 13/16 x 10 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1921.1180", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints Francis and Giovanni Gualberto", "creation_date": "c. 1510\u201320", "creation_date_earliest": 1505, "creation_date_latest": 1525, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 16th century"], "technique": "glazed terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 174 x 96 x 27 cm (68 1/2 x 37 13/16 x 10 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.74, "height_inch": 68, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.96, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.27, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "\"The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" Cleveland Museum of Art. June 29 to September 5, 1982.", "opening_date": "1982-06-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Raoul Heilbronner, died 1941 (Paris, France), by 1911\u20131914;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Confiscated by the French government, 1914;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sold, Galerie George Petit, Paris, June 22-23, 1921, lot 144, through Jacques Seligman to P. W. French & Co, New York, to Jeptha Homer Wade;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Jeptha Homer Wade, 1857-1926, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1921.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The unusual purple hue is particular to the artist.", "description": "The Madonna sits upon a throne with the Christ child standing on her knee. He is steadied by his mother, turning delicately to grasp her robe for support. On the left is Saint Francis, identified by his stigmata. On the right, Saint Giovanni Gualberto is identified by his monk's robe and distinctive processional cross. The brown robes of the saints, the purple of the Virgin's tunic, and the flesh tones of the figures contrast strongly against the bright blue background. In the semicircular sky behind the figures, three winged cherub heads emerge, representing a host of angels. Glazed terracotta is both durable and decorative and the gleaming white of this piece would have stood out in the darkness of a church. The medium was made popular by Renaissance artist Luca della Robbia and came into fashion as a substitute for expensive carved marble. A rounded arch frame embellished with fruit and flower garlands as well as egg-and-dart and cord moldings accompanied the work when it was acquired, but was later determined not to be original and removed. Buglioni's work bears the influence of the della Robbias, particularly in the simple color scheme. Buglioni likely worked in the studio of Luca's nephew, Andrea, where he would have learned the technique of glazing terracotta.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756977"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.1180-virgin-and-child-ent"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "W. M. M. \"An Enthroned Madonna and Child with Saints by Benedetto Buglioni.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 9, no. 2 (February 1922): 22-26.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 22; Mentioned: P. 23-26", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136546"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. T<em>he World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42; Reproduced: p. 43, fig. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \" Florentine Terracottas.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 35, no. 10 (December 1995): 8-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1995-10/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cambareri, Marietta, et.al. <em>Della Robbia: Sculpting with Color in Renaissance Florence.</em> Boston: MFA Publications, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122, fig, 85 Mention: p. 166, cat. # 85", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.1180", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.1180/1921.1180_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "893", "filesize": "106482", "filename": "1921.1180_web.jpg"}, 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H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 102549, "creators": [{"id": 8012, "description": "Benedetto Buglioni (Italian, 1461\u20131521)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1461", "death_year": "1521", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1505, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1510\u201320", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints Francis and Anthony Abbot"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:32:18.751000"}, {"id": 140139, "accession_number": "1964.142", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Red Blue, 1962. Ellsworth Kelly (American, 1923\u20132015). Oil on canvas; framed: 230 x 178 x 4 cm (90 9/16 x 70 1/16 x 1 9/16 in.); unframed: 228.6 x 176.4 cm (90 x 69 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.142. \u00a9 Ellsworth Kelly", "current_location": "224A Contemporary Corridor", "title": "Red Blue", "creation_date": "1962", "creation_date_earliest": 1962, "creation_date_latest": 1962, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 230 x 178 x 4 cm (90 9/16 x 70 1/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Unframed: 228.6 x 176.4 cm (90 x 69 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.3, "height_inch": 90, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 1.78, "width_inch": 70, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.04, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 2.286, "height_inch": 90, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.764, "width_inch": 69, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Ellsworth Kelly", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed, dated and titled on back of cardboard backing", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301294, "title": "Works from the Contemporary Collection", "description": "<i>Works from the Contemporary Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 1-October 15, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Dunn International</em>. Beaverbrook Art Gallery, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada; (September 7\u2013 October 6, 1963); The Tate Gallery, London, England (November 14-December 22, 1963)", "opening_date": "1963-11-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Kelly's abstract shapes were often based on observed reality, such as the plants that he kept in his studio.", "description": "Red Blue is all about the relation of two different colors and two different forms. On the surface of the canvas, two elements come together, interact with each other, and affect each other\u2019s appearance. The arrangement of the two colors red and blue, which work to intensify one another, is one essential component of the work. The other is the confrontation of two different forms: The edges of one shape-the blue rectangle-are given by the edges of the canvas and are therefore logical and measurable, while the organic form of the red color field, despite the clean, precise rendering, seems to breathe and float, activating the composition as a whole. In this way, even though there is no trace of the artist\u2019s hand, the painting refers to very natural and organic forms and ways of perception.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469125"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Richardson, John. Dunn International; An Exhibition of Contemporary Painting Sponsored by the Sir James Dunn Foundation. Great Britain, Arts Council. Catalogues. 1963. Volume 2. [London]: Arts Council, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Greenberg, Clement. \u201cPost Painterly Abstraction,\u201d Art International 8 (Summer 1964).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cThe Language of Art,\u201d Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art (November 1964).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 226; Mentioned p. 227", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cYear in Review for 1964,\u201d Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art (December 1964).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n227"}, {"citation": "\u201cRecent Accessions in the American Field,\u201d Art in America 54 (May/June 1966).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art (1969).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n227"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cReconstruction: A Painting by Jasper Johns,\u201d Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 1973).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 239; Reproduced: p. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 254", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n274"}, {"citation": "Greenberg, Clement. \u201cAvant-Garde Attitudes: New Art in the Sixties,\u201d American Art-Readings from the Colonial Era to the Present (New York: Charles Scribner\u2019s Sons, 1980).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 326; Reproduced: p. 327", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 116", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paik, Tricia Y., Ellsworth Kelly, Gavin Delahunty, Gary Garrels, Richard Shiff, and Robert Storr. Ellsworth Kelly, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183, 362", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.142", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Betty and Max Ratner Gallery", "athena_id": 140139, "creators": [{"id": 3488, "description": "Ellsworth Kelly (American, 1923\u20132015)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1923", "death_year": "2015", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1962, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1962", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:06.876000"}, {"id": 108541, "accession_number": "1926.247", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Holy Family with Mary Magdalen, c. 1590\u201395. El Greco (Spanish, 1541\u20131614). Oil on canvas; framed: 160 x 131 x 7.5 cm (63 x 51 9/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 130 x 100 cm (51 3/16 x 39 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art in memory of J. H. Wade, 1926.247", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "The Holy Family with Mary Magdalen", "creation_date": "c. 1590\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1590, "creation_date_latest": 1595, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Spanish before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 160 x 131 x 7.5 cm (63 x 51 9/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 130 x 100 cm (51 3/16 x 39 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.6, "height_inch": 63, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.31, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.3, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.0, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 205992, "title": "El Greco", "description": "<i>El Greco</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 29, 2003-January 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-09-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227483, "title": "El Greco and Modernism", "description": "<i>El Greco and Modernism</i>. Museum Kunst Palast, 40479 D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany (organizer) (April 28-August 13, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-04-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205930, "title": "Masterworks - Portland", "description": "<i>Masterworks - Portland</i>. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (December 13, 2014-April 5, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-12-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 318541, "title": "El Greco: Ambition and Defiance", "description": "<i>El Greco: Ambition and Defiance</i>. R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux - Grand Palais, Paris cedex 12, France (organizer) (October 14, 2019-February 10, 2020); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (March 5-October 19, 2020) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/2939/el-greco-ambition-and-defiance.", "opening_date": "2019-10-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Budapest, mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, no date: \" Dominico theotokopuli el Greco 1547-1614...  Collection marczell de Nemes,\" pl. 3.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Munich, Alte Pinakothek, 1911: \"Sammlung des kgl. Rates Marzcell von Nemes, Budapest,\" cat. no. 14.", "opening_date": "1911-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "D\u00fcsseldorf, St\u00e4dtische kunsthalle, 1912: \"Ausstellung der Galerie Marzcell v. Nemes,\" cat no. 65.", "opening_date": "1912-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie manzi, Joyant, June 15-16, 1913: \"Tableaux anciens..compsant la collection de m. Marzcell de Nemes de Budapest,\" cat. no. 31., illus.", "opening_date": "2016-06-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, Art Insititute of Chicago, June 1-November 1, 1934: \"Century of Progress,\" cat. no. 73. pl. XV.", "opening_date": "1934-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1936: \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of CMA,\" cat. no. 156, pl. XXV.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Museum of Art, March 17-April 26, 1937: \"Masters of Spanish Painting.\"", "opening_date": "1937-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris (exposition organized by the Gazette des Beaux-Arts), June 16-November 30, 1937: \"Domenico theotoc\u00f3puli, El Greco,\" cat. no. 25, illus.", "opening_date": "1937-06-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1956: \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. no. 16, pl. XXXV.", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Toledo (Ohio) Museum of Art, 1982: \"El Greco of Toledo,\" (Boston: A New York Graphic Society Book, Little , Brown and Company, 1982), cat. no. 27, p. 239, repr. color plate 46. (Painting only exhibied in Toledo, Ohio, September 19-November 14, 1982.", "opening_date": "1982-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, September 9-October 22, 1989: \"Holy Image, Holy Space: Icons and Frescoes from Greece.\" (Painting only exhibited in Cleveland0.", "opening_date": "1989-09-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Metropolitan Musuem of Art (9/29/2003 - 1/11/2004): \"El Greco\" exh. cat. no. 31.", "opening_date": "2003-09-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Frick Collection (November 8, 2006 - January 28, 2007):  \"Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art\", exh. cat. no. 5, p. 32-35.", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage (March 29, 2007 - July 8, 2007):  \"Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museum Kunst Palast, D\u00fcsseldorf (4/28/2012 - 8/13/2-12): \"El Greco and Modernism\", no cat. no., p. 102-103.", "opening_date": "2012-03-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Portland Art Museum, OR (12/13/1014 - 4/5/2015):  \"Masterworks - Portland\"", "opening_date": "2015-04-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Convent of Esquivias, near Toledo", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Juan Guti\u00e9rrez, Torrej\u00f3n de Velasco, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1899", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Stanislas O'Rossen (1864-1933), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1908", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Marczell von Nemes (1866-1930), Budapest, Hungary, sold, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1913", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Gentile di Giuseppe (1868-1940), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1917", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(D. Atri, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1926", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The nearly levitating body of the Christ child further emphasizes the ethereal setting of the Holy Family.", "description": "The seemingly weightless figures, the startling color combinations, and the moody, imprecise setting all show El Greco\u2019s interest in conveying the intense spirituality of these figures rather than their concrete reality. Above all, the painting addresses Mary\u2019s role as mediator between Christ and the viewer. She supports her son, but her faraway look indicates awareness of his fate. Mary feeds Jesus fruit held by Joseph that is full of symbolic meaning, with the apple representing the fall of man; cherries, the blood of Christ; peaches, salvation; and pears, the sweetness of Christ\u2019s virtue.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16621835"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.247-the-holy-family-with"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "W. M. M. \u201c\u2018The Holy Family,\u2019 by El Greco.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 14, no. 1 (January 1927): 3\u20136.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3-6; reproduced: Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136989"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n36"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90; Reproduced: p. 94", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n52"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 419", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n77"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n154"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n154"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n169"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 493-496; Reproduced: p. 494", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kitaj, R. B., and Timothy Hyman. \"A Return to London\" IN <em>Kitaj Paintings, Drawings, Pastels.</em> John Ashebury, Joe Shannon, Jane Livingston, 41. New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 10, December 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced; cover-p.2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-10"}, {"citation": "Molnos, Pe\u0301ter, et. al. <em>Lost Heritage: Hungarian Art Collectors in the Twentieth Century. </em>Budapest: Kieselbach Gallery and Auction House Ltd., 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 180; Reproduced: p. 181", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kientz, Guillaume, and Greco. Greco. Paris : Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux : Muse\u0301e du Louvre ; Chicago : Art Institute of Chicago, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.196, cat. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Merle du Bourg, Alexis. \"1585-1614 L\u2019apothe\u0301ose d'un style.\" <em>Dossier de l'art </em>273, (October 2019): 50-63.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Long, Rebecca J. <em>El Greco: Ambition &amp; Defiance.</em> Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 141", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rowlands, Eliot W. \"An indefatigable intermediary: Harold Woodbury Parsons (1882-1967) and the formation of the European collections at the Cleveland Museum of Art: part 2.\" <em>Journal of the History of Collections </em>33, no.1 (2021): 93-109.", "page_number": "Reproduced p.96; mentioned p.96, 103", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Severance, John Long, and Leonard Colton Hanna. \u201cThe Friends of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 3, pt. 2 (March 1930): 49\u201356.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 50-51", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137287"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.247", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.247/1926.247_web.jpg", "width": "679", "height": "893", "filesize": "492406", "filename": "1926.247_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.247/1926.247_print.jpg", "width": "2586", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7326988", "filename": "1926.247_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.247/1926.247_full.tif", "width": "4203", "height": "5527", "filesize": "69724316", "filename": "1926.247_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art in memory of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 108541, "creators": [{"id": 2391, "description": "El Greco (Spanish, 1541\u20131614)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1541", "death_year": "1614", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1590, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1590\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Holy Family"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:00.500000"}, {"id": 108544, "accession_number": "1926.25", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Orpheus, c. 1903\u201310. Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916). Pastel on brown paper; sheet: 68.8 x 56.8 cm (27 1/16 x 22 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from J. H. Wade, 1926.25", "current_location": null, "title": "Orpheus", "creation_date": "c. 1903\u201310", "creation_date_earliest": 1898, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France"], "technique": "pastel on brown paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 68.8 x 56.8 cm (27 1/16 x 22 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.688, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.568, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, lower left, in black pastel: ODILON REDON", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616624, "title": "Fifty Years of French Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of French Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 29-November 29, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-10-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312428, "title": "Expressionism and Related Movements", "description": "<i>Expressionism and Related Movements</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 26-February 28, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311904, "title": "Odilon Redon (1840-1916): Pastels and Drawings", "description": "<i>Odilon Redon (1840-1916): Pastels and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 29, 1951-January 20, 1952); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (February 1-March 1, 1952).", "opening_date": "1951-10-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300904, "title": "Fifty Years of Modern Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of Modern Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 15-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309840, "title": "Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones", "description": "<i>Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 21-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361099, "title": "La Reverie Esthetique: Symbolist Works on Paper", "description": "<i>La Reverie Esthetique: Symbolist Works on Paper</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (March 29-May 22, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-03-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203744, "title": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints", "description": "<i>Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 17, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283693, "title": "Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 393854, "title": "Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon", "description": "<i>Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2021-January 23, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Modern Art</em>. Armory of the Sixty-Ninth Infantry, New York (February 17 - March 15, 1913); Art Institute of Chicago (March 24 - April 16, 1913); Copley Society, Boston (April 23 - May 14, 1913).", "opening_date": "1913-02-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (May 3 - September 15, 1921).", "opening_date": "1921-05-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Odilon Redon</em>. Museum of French Art, New York (April 3 - May 1, 1922).", "opening_date": "1922-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Fifty Years of French Art</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 29 - November 28, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>\"The Noble Buyer\": John Quinn, Patron of the Avant-Garde</em>. Washington, DC: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (1978).", "opening_date": "1978-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "purchased by Henri Matisse [1869\u20131954] for his father, \u00c9mile Hippolyte Matisse [1840\u20131910]", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Walter Pach, \"...among the pictures which Matisse bought for his father were some by Redon, to whose color he gave the most eager study. He would have liked to retain the works himself when settling the estate. But it was too hard to distribute among the family, and so he sent the Redons to America for sale. One of them is the magnificent <em>Head of Orpheus</em> now in the Cleveland Museum, which acquired it from the heirs of John Quinn, that great collector having bought the work and others from the Matisse family.\" See <em>Queer Thing, Painting: Forty Years in the World of Art </em>(New York: Harper &amp; Brothers, 1938), p. 166.</div>"], "date": "after 1903-1910", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Wilhelm Uhde [1874-1947], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "? - by 1915", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Carroll Galleries, New York, sold to John Quinn, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1915 - 1917", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "John Quinn [1870-1924], New York, purchased from his estate by the Cleveland Museum of Art through Joseph Brummer", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917-1924", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Another version of this pastel (now in the collection of the Mus\u00e9e Fabre de Montpellier) was part of a group of later works by Redon shown at the 1913 International Exhibition of Modern Art\u2014better known as the Armory Show\u2014which introduced the artist to American audiences.", "description": "Drawn in vivid layers of pastel crayon, this work depicts the head of the poet and musician Orpheus. The story of the god of music, whose music carried on after his death through his lyre and head, fascinated Redon, who related to Orpheus's dedication to his art. The subject also aligned with Redon's broader interest in dreams and spirituality around this time and he represented Orpheus several times throughout his career, in various media. Here, the god's head floats as if in stasis while Mount Parnassus\u2014the home of Apollo and the Muses\u2014soars from behind.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745842"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.25-orpheus"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of International Exhibition of Modern Art: Association of American Painters and Sculptors : at the Armory of the Sixty-Ninth Infantry, Lexington Avenue, Twenty-Fifth and Twenty-Sixth Streets, New York, from February Fifteenth to March Fifteenth, Nineteen Hundred and Thirteen from Ten a.M. to Ten P.M. (Sundays Included)</em>. New York: Vreeland Advertising Press, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32, no. 307", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Paintings</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1921.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, Margaret W. \"Odilon Redon, A Great French Lyricist.\" <em>The Arts</em> 2, no. 5 (1922): 273-276.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 275", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pach, Walter. <em>The Masters of Modern Art</em>. New York: B.W. Huebsch, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>John Quinn, 1870-1925: Collection of Paintings, Water Colors, Drawings &amp; Sculpture</em>. Huntington, NY: Pidgeon Hill, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14; Reproduced: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, W. M. \"Orpheus, by Odilon Redon.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 13, no. 6 (June 1926): 139-141.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 139-141.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum Buys a Redon.\" <em>The Art News</em> (January 1, 1927): 1-2.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland's New Redon.\" <em>Art Digest</em> 1, no. 5 (January 1, 1927): 12.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R.H. <em>French Painting</em>. Boston: Hale, Cushman &amp; Flint, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 332; Reproduced: pl. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pach, Walter. <em>Queer Thing, Painting: Forty Years in the World of Art</em>. New York: Harper &amp; Brothers, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Holme, Bryan. <em>Master Drawings</em>. New York: The Studio, 1943.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles and Ary Leblond. <em>Odilon Redon, 1840-1916: Pastels and Drawings.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sandstr\u00f6m, Sven. <em>Le monde imaginaire d'Odilon Redon</em>. Lund: CWK Gleerup, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 177; Reproduced: p. 175", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. \"Quelques notes et documents sur Odilon Redon.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> 48 (November 1956): 81-124.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Klaus. \"The Pastels of Odilon Redon.\" <em>College Art Journal</em> 16, no. 1 (Autumn 1956): 23-33.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32; Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 512", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n94"}, {"citation": "Berger, Klaus. <em>Odilon Redon: Fantasy and Colour</em>. Trans. Michael Bullock. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 208, no. 365; Reproduced p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n205"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Fifty Years of Modern Art, 1916-1966</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7, 206; Reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1880 to 1940</em>. London: Penguin Books, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 47; Reproduced: pl. 23B", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n205"}, {"citation": "Muehsam, Gerd. <em>French Painters and Paintings from the Fourteenth Century to Post-Impressionism</em>. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 490-491; Reproduced: p. 490", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Greta. \"The Paradox of Odilon Redon.\" <em>Konsthistorisk Tidskrift</em>. 39, no. 1-2 (May 1970): 70-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Selz, Jean. <em>Odilon Redon</em>. Lugano: Uffici Press, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68; Reproduced: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cassou, Jean. <em>Odilon Redon</em>. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward. <em>Symbolist Art</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 78; Reproduced: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hobbs, Richard. <em>Odilon Redon</em>. London: Studio Vista, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christian, John. <em>Symbolists and Decadents</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14, no. 4; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Keay, Carolyn, ed. <em>Odilon Redon. </em>London: Academy Editions, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 224", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n244"}, {"citation": "Wilson, Michael. <em>Nature and Imagination: The Work of Odilon Redon</em>. Oxford: Phaidon, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 56, 58; Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zilczer, Judith. <em>\"The Noble Buyer\": John Quinn, Patron of the Avant-Garde</em>. Washington, DC: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 180", "url": null}, {"citation": "Canaday, John. <em>Mainstreams of Modern Art</em>. 2nd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 370; Reproduced: p. 373", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coustet, Robert. <em>L'Univers d'Odilon Redon</em>. Paris: Carnets de Dessins, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nobuo Abe. Rudon = Redon. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shu\u0304eisha, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bacou, Roseline. <em>Odilon Redon: Pastels</em>. Trans. Beatrice Rehl. New York: George Braziller, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 18, 122, no. 41; Reproduced: p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zelanski, Paul and Mary Pat Fisher. <em>The Art of Seeing</em>. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90; Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"'La R\u00eaverie esth\u00e9tique': Symbolist Works on Paper.\" <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin</em> 43, no. 1 (Summer 1988): 3-47.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34, no. 40; Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kosinski, Dorothy M. <em>Orpheus in Nineteenth-Century Symbolism</em>. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mindell, Arnold. <em>Coma: Key to Awakening</em>. Boston: Shambhala, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Puvis De Chavannes's \"Summer\" and the Symbolist Avant-Garde.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 1 (1991): 2-27.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 14", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161310"}, {"citation": "Strickland, Carol and John Boswell. <em>The Annotated Mona Lisa: A Crash Course in Art History from Prehistoric to Post-Modern</em>. Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Alec. <em>Odilon Redon, catalogue raisonn\u00e9 de l'oeuvre peint et dessin\u00e9</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. II, pp. 69-70, no. 885; Reproduced: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kapos, Martha, ed. <em>The Post-Impressionists: A Retrospective</em>. New York: Hugh Lauter Levin, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Abschied vom Traum einer Heilen Welt.\" <em>Art, </em>no. 7 (July 1994): 14-17.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16; Reproduced: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Druick, Douglas W., et al. <em>Odilon Redon: Prince of Dreams, 1840-1916</em>.Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 230; Reproduced: p. 233", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jarrass\u00e9, Dominique. <em>Odilon Redon, le r\u00eave</em>. Paris: Herscher, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46; Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Orizet, Jean, ed. <em>Anthologie de la po\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise: les po\u00e8tes et les oeuvres, les mouvements et les \u00e9coles</em>. Paris: Larousse, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dempsey, Amy. <em>Styles, Schools and Movements: An Encyclopaedic Guide to Modern Art</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bamford, Christopher. <em>An Endless Trace: The Passionate Pursuit of Wisdom in the West</em>. New Paltz, NY: Codhill Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Janson, H.W. and Anthony Janson. <em>History of Art: The Western Tradition</em>. Rev 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 778", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stefano, Eva di. \"Il colore fiorisce.\" <em>Art e Dossier </em>(2005): 33-46.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sturgis, Alexander, Rupert Christiansen, Lois Oliver, and Michael Wilson. <em>Rebels and Martyrs: The Image of the Artist in the Nineteenth Century</em>. London: National Gallery, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William. \"World Tour Comes to Cleveland.\" <em>Cleveland Art :</em> <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> (October 2007): 3-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William, \"World Tour Comes to Cleveland\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 08, October 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-08/page/4"}, {"citation": "Prettejohn, Elizabeth, Peter Trippi, Robert Upstone, and Patty Wageman. <em>J.W. Waterhouse: The Modern Pre-Raphaelite</em>. Groningen: Groninger Museum, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59; Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yamamoto, Atsuko, and Akiya Takahashi. Motto shiritai rudon: sho\u0304gai to sakuhin. To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304bijutsu, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chevrier, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois. <em>L'Hallucination artistique de William Blake \u00e0 Sigmar Polke</em>. Paris: L'Arachneen, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"Themes and Variations: Works on Paper from the Museum's Collection with a Musical Motif.\" <em>Cleveland Art :</em> <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> (January/February 2015): 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "http://clevelandart.org/magazine/cleveland-art-2015-highlights/themes-and-variations"}, {"citation": "Illiano, Roberto, ed. <em>Music and Figurative Arts in the Twentieth Century.</em> Turnhout: Brepols, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Appendix, no.4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Homburg, Cornelia, \"Redon's Femmes aux Fleurs: Variations on a Theme.\" In <em>Odilon Redon: Literature and Music</em>, edited by Cornelia Homburg,175-95. Exh. Cat. Otterlo: Kr\u00f6ller-M\u00fcller Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 184, 207, no. 183; Reproduced: p. 184", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmunk, Peter L. \"Artists as Musicians and Musical Connoisseurs.\" In <em>The Routledge Companion to Music and Visual Culture,</em> Tim Shephard,  and Anne Leonard, eds., 265-273. New York, NY: Routledge, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 272-273; Reproduced: Cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>The Spirit of Surrealism</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44-45, 185; Reproduced: p.44, fig. 4; colorplate II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cCollecting Dreams: An exhibition of the museum's outstanding collection of works by Odilon Redon.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 3 (Summer 2021): 12-15.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12; Mentioned: p. 14-15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmamm2021-03_202304/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 188-191, no. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \u201cThemes and Variations: Works on paper from the museum's collection with a musical motif.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 1 (January/February 2015): Cover, 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4; Mentioned: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-01"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Wildenstein 885", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.25", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.25/1926.25_web.jpg", "width": "744", "height": "900", "filesize": "235146", "filename": "1926.25_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.25/1926.25_print.jpg", "width": "2812", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3366933", "filename": "1926.25_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.25/1926.25_full.tif", "width": "11795", "height": "14260", "filesize": "504617072", "filename": "1926.25_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.25/1926.25_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "893", "filesize": "125139"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.25/1926.25_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1872", "filesize": "2498462"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.25/1926.25_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1872", "filesize": "8629356"}, "date_created": "2013-10-15T10:48:06", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift from J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108544, "creators": [{"id": 1748, "description": "Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leader of the symbolist movement in France, Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux in 1840 and grew up in the surrounding region. During his early years he studied drawing, architecture, and the violin. A friendship with Armand Clavaud, a local botanist and philosopher, stimulated Redon's passion for romantic art and literature. In 1864, after a brief and discouraging period of instruction with G\u00e9r\u00f4me in Paris, Redon returned to Bordeaux, where he studied printmaking with Rodolphe Bresdin (1825-1885). Deploring the emphasis on rational, phenomenal experience in academic and naturalist art, Redon turned for inspiration to the imaginative paintings of Delacroix, the prints of Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya (1746-1828), and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire. In 1870, after military service in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon settled in Paris and produced his first <em>Noirs</em>. These visionary images, featuring floating eyes and severed heads born aloft on wings, reflect Redon's belief in the superiority of the imagination and fantasy, which he considered \"the messenger of the unconscious.\" After producing his initial <em>Noirs </em>in charcoal, Redon discovered a method of transferring his drawings to lithography in 1876. Throughout the 1880s he continued to use charcoal, etching, and lithography as his primary media, and he produced twelve lithography albums before abandoning the genre in the late 1890s. During the 1880s Redon emerged as a leader of the symbolist reaction against impressionism. The publication in 1879 of his first lithographic album, <em>Dans le r\u00eave</em>, followed by his first solo exhibition in 1881, attracted the admiration of J. K. Huysmans, who included illustrations by Redon in his novel <em>\u00c0 rebours</em> (1884). Around the same time, Redon developed a personal and artistic relationship with poet St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. Increasingly drawn into the public arena, Redon helped organize the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants in 1884. In 1886 he participated in the last impressionist exhibition and began showing with Les XX in Brussels. Redon's antinaturalist, visionary, art inspired many symbolist and Nabi artists, including Gauguin and Vuillard. Maurice Denis praised Redon as \"our Mallarm\u00e9,\" and in 1892 critic Albert Aurier described Redon as a leader of the new \"idealistic\" tendency in art. After 1890 the focus of Redon's activity shifted from monochromatic drawings and prints toward exploring color in richly worked pastels. His innovations in luminous color, as seen in the pastel and oil paintings he exhibited at the Galeries Durand-Ruel in 1900 were greatly admired by Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and the Fauves. Awarded the Legion of Honor in 1903, Redon continued his leadership role in the avant-garde and in 1904 became a founding member of the Salon d'Automne. In 1913 forty of his works were selected for exhibition in the Armory Show, the most by any artist. Redon died at his home in Paris in the summer of 1916.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-02-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1898, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1903\u201310", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:48:46.180000"}, {"id": 137194, "accession_number": "1962.150", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dish with King Hormizd II or Hormizd III Hunting Lions, 400\u2013600 CE. Iran, Sasanian Empire (224\u2013651 CE). Silver gilt; overall: 4.6 x 20.8 cm (1 13/16 x 8 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1962.150", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Dish with King Hormizd II or Hormizd III Hunting Lions", "creation_date": "400\u2013600 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 400, "creation_date_latest": 600, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Sasanian Empire (224\u2013651 CE)"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Near Eastern Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 4.6 x 20.8 cm (1 13/16 x 8 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.046, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.208, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "On reverse, inside foot, an inscription in Pahlavi reads according to Dr. Frye, Harvard University:  \"Gozac, one pound (fifty) one drachms.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 303499, "title": "The Royal Hunter: Art of the Sasanian Empire", "description": "<i>The Royal Hunter: Art of the Sasanian Empire</i>. Asia House Galleries (organizer) (January 12-March 11, 1978); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (April 10-May 21, 1978); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 7-August 13, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-01-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228427, "title": "Les Perses Sassanides ou les Fastes d'un empire oubli\u00e9", "description": "<i>Les Perses Sassanides ou les Fastes d'un empire oubli\u00e9</i>. Musee Cernuschi, Paris, France (organizer) (September 14-December 31, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-09-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360330, "title": "Persia: Ancient Iran and the Classical World", "description": "<i>Persia: Ancient Iran and the Classical World</i>. Getty Villa, Pacific Palisades, CA (April 6-August 8, 2022) https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/persia/index.html.", "opening_date": "2022-04-06T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mrs. Elsa Rabenou [1910\u20132000], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131962", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1962\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hormizd II's crown is distinct with its eagle form and topped with the traditional <em>korymbos</em>,<em> </em>a fine, bejeweled fabric that encases the top hair in a globelike fashion.", "description": "Lion hunting was a traditional royal sport in ancient Near Eastern cultures and was frequently incorporated into artwork, such as Assyrian (about 912\u2013612 BCE) palace reliefs. Thematically, depictions of the hunt in royal artwork bridge the pre- and post-Islamic worlds. This dish features the Sasanian ruler Hormizd II (reigned 303\u2013309 CE), identifiable by his distinctive crown. The style of the king\u2019s and horse\u2019s equipment suggest that this dish was made long after he died, perhaps as a commemorative work by a much later successor, Hormizd III (reigned 457\u2013459 CE).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753828"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.150-dish-with-king-hormi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Harper, Prudence O. and Pieter Meyers. <em>Silver Vessels of the Sasanian Period, Volume One: Royal Imagery</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art (1981). pp. 171 and 215, pl. 14.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SilverVesselsoftheSasanianPeriodVol1RoyalImagery/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \"Sasanian Art in Cleveland.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 4 (1964): 66-92.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 73-79; Reproduced: P.  74", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151993"}, {"citation": "Harper, Prudence Oliver. \u201cThe Heavenly Twins.\u201d <em>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</em>, vol. 23, no. 5, 1965, pp. 186\u201395.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3258131"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n38"}, {"citation": "Lukonin, V. G., and James Hogarth. <em>Persia II.</em> Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1967.", "page_number": "Plate 151", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fukai, Shinji. <em>Study of Iranian Art and Archaeology; Glassware and Metalwork. </em>Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 1968.", "page_number": "Pl. 41, Pl. 120", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n36"}, {"citation": "Hanaway, William L. \u201cThe Concept of the Hunt in Persian Literature.\u201d <em>Boston Museum Bulletin</em>, vol. 69, no. 355/356, 1971, pp. 21\u201369.", "page_number": "p. 62, fig. 38.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4171549"}, {"citation": "Gibbons, D.F., K.C. Ruhl and L.S. Staikoff, \"Analysis of Sasanian Silver Objects: A Comparison of Techniques\" <em>Archaeological Chemistry</em>. June 1, 1974 , 11-21.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ba-1974-0138.ch002"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n27"}, {"citation": "Harper, Prudence Oliver. <em>The Royal Hunter: Art of the Sasanian Empire</em>. New York: Asia Society, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 38, 39; reproduced: pl. 6, p.39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibbons, Donald F. et al. \u201cTechniques of Silversmithing in the Hormizd II Plate.\u201d <em>Ars Orientalis</em>, vol. 11, 1979, pp. 163\u201376.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4629301"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 338, fig. 22", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Drayman Weisser, Terry. <em>Gilded Metals: History, Technology and Conservation.</em> London, England: Archetype Publications in association with the American Institute of Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 179, fig. 10.11", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Demange, F. <em>Les Perses sassanides: fastes d'un empire oublie\u0301, 224-642: Muse\u0301e Cernuschi, Muse\u0301e des arts de l'Asie de la ville de Paris, 15 septembre-30 de\u0301cembre 2006</em>. Paris: Paris muse\u0301es, 2006.", "page_number": "cat. no. 29, p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Demange, F. <em>Glass, Gilding, &amp; Grand Design: Art of Sasanian Iran (224-642).</em> New York: Asia Society, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spier, Jeffrey, Timothy F. Potts, and Sara E. Cole. <em>Persia: Ancient Iran and the Classical World.</em> Los Angeles : J. Paul Getty Museum, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 320-321; reproduced: p. 273 and 320, fig 171", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hanson, Robin and Holly Witchey. \"Dorothy Shepherd and the Cleveland Museum of Art's Ancient Near Eastern and Islamic Art Collection.\" <em>Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals</em> 20, n. 3 (September 2024): 461-473.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 469 (fig. 7)", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.150", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "751", "filesize": "268544", "filename": "1962.150_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2837", "filesize": "2575504", "filename": "1962.150_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_full.tif", "width": "12472", "height": "10406", "filesize": "389380640", "filename": "1962.150_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "434", "filesize": "132912"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1640", "filesize": "735534"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13879", "height": "6694", "filesize": "278744780"}, "date_created": "2022-09-20T21:23:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "749", "filesize": "187883"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2831", "filesize": "1745428"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12472", "height": "10386", "filesize": "388630556"}, "date_created": "2022-09-20T21:05:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "976", "height": "893", "filesize": "651146"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3110", "filesize": "7706382"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5162", "height": "4722", "filesize": "73161952"}, "date_created": "2009-12-01T16:45:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "993", "height": "893", "filesize": "513188"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3059", "filesize": "6225225"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5041", "height": "4536", "filesize": "68632484"}, "date_created": "2009-12-01T18:16:56", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "774978"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1920", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2386996"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.150/1962.150_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1920", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8850612"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "57ba611b823b4f9691262876d3ebb9a3", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/57ba611b823b4f9691262876d3ebb9a3", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137194, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u2013600 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Dish:  King Hormizd II or Hormizd III Hunting Lions"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:25.020000"}, {"id": 149108, "accession_number": "1977.37.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scenes of Witchcraft: Night, c. 1645\u20131649. Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615\u20131673). Oil on canvas; framed: 76.2 x 9.6 cm (30 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 54.5 cm (21 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1977.37.4", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Scenes of Witchcraft: Night", "creation_date": "c. 1645\u20131649", "creation_date_earliest": 1640, "creation_date_latest": 1654, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76.2 x 9.6 cm (30 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 54.5 cm (21 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.096, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"width": 0.545, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed: \"SR [monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 220717, "title": "The Night", "description": "<i>The Night</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich (organizer) (November 1, 1998-February 17, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213572, "title": "Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic", "description": "<i>Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (December 12, 2010-March 27, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205152, "title": "The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa\u2019s Scenes of Witchcraft", "description": "<i>The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa\u2019s Scenes of Witchcraft</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 15-June 14, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-02-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, January 1978: Year in Review, cat. no. 42. The Night, Haus der Kunst, Munich, November 1, 1998- February 7, 1999.", "opening_date": "1998-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kimbell Art Museum (12/12/2010 - 3/27/2011):  \"Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic\", ex. cat. no. 21d, p. 170-173.", "opening_date": "2010-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (2/15/2015 - 6/14/2015); \"The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa's Scenes of Witchcraft\"", "opening_date": "2015-02-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Family of the Marchese Giovanni Niccolini, Florence; [Heim Gallery, London].  Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1977.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1977.37"], "did_you_know": "The artist chose the painting's shape to reference the foundational role of the circle in practicing magic.", "description": "In the pitch black of night, two groups of men are gathered in a forest. To the left, travelers apprehensively pause to watch a magician conjure terrifying apparitions. Since the Middle Ages, necromancy, the act of communing with the dead, was associated with male sorcerers. In Rosa's painting, the wizened necromancer who stands tall and resolute directly below a classical column is reminiscent of Moses, a predecessor to Renaissance depictions of sorcerers. Rosa's learned magicians not only invoke associations with philosophers and intellects, but they would have also referred to the artist himself and the intellectual elite with whom he associated in Florence. Just as a powerful magician could conjure strange creatures with his wand, so too could Rosa shape a strange world with his originality, intelligence, and the skillful use of paint and brush.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473377"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.37.4-scenes-of-witchcraft"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Langdon, Helen. Salvator Rosa Paint and Performance. London: Reaktion Books, Limited, 2022. .", "page_number": "Chapter 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fabbri, Sara. \u201c<em>Quattro Tondi con Incantesimi </em>di Salvator Rosa nella collezione del marchese Filippo Niccolini.\u201d <em>Notizie da Palazzo Albani</em> XXXVIII (2009): 81-104.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 176D, p. 398 - 403", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Salerno, Luigi, and Ira Kohn. \"Four Witchcraft Scenes by Salvator Rosa.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 7 (September 1978): 225-231.<br>Published as: <em>Witches' Sabbath</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 224-231: Reproduced: P. 225, 229", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159591"}, {"citation": "Segrave, Hannah. \u201c The Novel and the Bizarre: A focus exhibition looks at four 17-th century <em>tondi </em>by Salvator Rosa.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 1 (January/February 2015): 8-10.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9; Mentioned: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-01"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.37.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "897", "filesize": "165617", "filename": "1977.37.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3388", "filesize": "2055089", "filename": "1977.37.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_full.tif", "width": "11270", "height": "11231", "filesize": "379751036", "filename": "1977.37.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "185464"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2390623"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt0_full.tif", "width": "16000", "height": "12000", "filesize": "576030824"}, "date_created": "2014-11-17T15:41:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "901", "height": "893", "filesize": "536115"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3368", "filesize": "8473708"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4520", "height": "4478", "filesize": "60752864"}, "date_created": "2010-05-28T15:24:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "886", "height": "893", "filesize": "482517"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3372", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8312302"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4624", "height": "4662", "filesize": "64702176"}, "date_created": "2010-05-28T15:29:56", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "885", "height": "893", "filesize": "404785"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3371", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7007728"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4782", "height": "4823", "filesize": "69226060"}, "date_created": "2010-05-25T17:24:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "894", "height": "893", "filesize": "534858"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3397", "filesize": "8483332"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4930", "height": "4926", "filesize": "72891440"}, "date_created": "2010-02-22T15:26:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "888", "height": "893", "filesize": "481368"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3382", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6619946"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.4/1977.37.4_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3826", "height": "3846", "filesize": "44175800"}, "date_created": "2007-01-30T18:19:28", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 149108, "creators": [{"id": 2285, "description": "Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615\u20131673)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1615", "death_year": "1673", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1640, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1645\u20131649", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1977.37", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Scene with Witches: Night", "Witches Scenes"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:40:02.323000"}, {"id": 137319, "accession_number": "1962.247", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Daniel in the Lion's Den, c. 1125\u201350. France, Saint-Aignan-sur-Cher, 12th century. Limestone; overall: 72.4 x 68.6 x 36.2 cm (28 1/2 x 27 x 14 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1962.247", "current_location": "106B Romanesque & Gothic Sculpture", "title": "Daniel in the Lion's Den", "creation_date": "c. 1125\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1125, "creation_date_latest": 1150, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Saint-Aignan-sur-Cher, 12th century"], "technique": "limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Romanesque", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 72.4 x 68.6 x 36.2 cm (28 1/2 x 27 x 14 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.724, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.686, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.362, "depth_inch": 14, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(George Joseph Demotte, Paris, France and New York, NY, (1877-1923))", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1923", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, MN", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1923-1957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Victor D. Spark (1898-1991), New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Wolfgang Hofst\u00e4tter, Vienna, Austria, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1962", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "During the 12th century, churches used images to teach the faithful who were illiterate. While Daniel lived before Jesus, he is depicted holding a bible, alluding to the continuity between the Old and New Testaments.", "description": "According to the Old Testament, Daniel was cast into a lion\u2019s den as punishment for his belief in a single god, but he was miraculously delivered from harm on account of his faith. This story is related here, with Daniel flanked by lions and the angel sent by God to save him. Together with other decorated capitals, this imposing work of Romanesque sculpture once decorated the interior of the church of Saint-Aignan-sur-Cher, a city in central France.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762574"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.247-daniel-in-the-lion-s"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Demote's Gift of Gothic Sculpture,\" <em>Minneapolis Institute of Art Bulletin</em> 12 (March 1923).", "page_number": "p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Recent Gift of Early French Sculpture\" <em>Minneapolis Institute of Art Bulletin</em> 12 (April 1923).", "page_number": "pp. 26-28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Green, Rosalie B. <em>Daniel in the Lions' Den As an Example of Romanesque Typology</em>. 1948.", "page_number": "pp. 10-11, 63, no. 1.7.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review 1962.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 9 (1962).", "page_number": "no. 16", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151915"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137319, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-09-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1125, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1125\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:00:44.770000"}, {"id": 173641, "accession_number": "1915.722", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rest, 1879. William Adolphe Bouguereau (French, 1825\u20131905). Oil on fabric; framed: 204 x 156 x 15 cm (80 5/16 x 61 7/16 x 5 7/8 in.); unframed: 164.5 x 117.8 cm (64 3/4 x 46 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1915.722", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "Rest", "creation_date": "1879", "creation_date_earliest": 1879, "creation_date_latest": 1879, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 204 x 156 x 15 cm (80 5/16 x 61 7/16 x 5 7/8 in.); Unframed: 164.5 x 117.8 cm (64 3/4 x 46 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.04, "height_inch": 80, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.56, "width_inch": 61, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.15, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "unframed": {"height": 1.645, "height_inch": 64, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.178, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: W. Bouguereau 1879\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 444774, "title": "William-Adolphe Bouguereau", "description": "<i>William-Adolphe Bouguereau</i>. The New York Cultural Center, New York, NY (organizer) (December 13, 1974-January 26, 1975).", "opening_date": "1974-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 307305, "title": "Bouguereau & America", "description": "<i>Bouguereau & America</i>. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (February 14-May 12, 2019); Memphis Brooks Museum of Art, Memphis, TN (organizer) (June 22-September 22, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York Cultural Center. William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1975), no. 15, pl. 15.", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gifu (Japan), Museum of Fine Arts; Kamakura, Museum of Modern Art. Paris autour de 1882 (1982-83), no. 13, pl. 13.", "opening_date": "1982-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Petit Palais; Montreal Museum of Fine Arts; Hartford, Wadsworth Atheneum. William Bouguereau 1825-1905 (1984-85), 64, 108, no. 90 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1905-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Norfolk, Chrysler Museum; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; Memphis Brooks Museum of Art. Paris 1889: American Artists at the Universal Exposition (1989-90), 237-38 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1989-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["432.1915"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "One of the most celebrated academic painters of his time, Bouguereau underscores the moral virtues of the Italian peasants in this painting by depicting the dome of St. Peter's in the distance. The idealized figures and their triangular grouping recall the Holy Family paintings by Renaissance master Raphael 400 years earlier. The painting was purchased directly from the artist by Cleveland banker and philanthropist Hinman B. Hurlbut in July 1879.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230251", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36495969"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.722-rest"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cExhibitions.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 3, no. 4 (October 1916): 1\u20133.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136053"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.<br>Published as: <em>Mother and Children.</em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n232"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 36 no. 05, May 1996", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-05/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 80-82, Vol. I, no. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ross, Frederick C., and Kara Lysandra Ross. <em>William Bouguereau: The Essential Works</em>. Woodbridge, Suffolk, England: ACC Art Books, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8, 201; Mentioned: p. 34, 171, 176", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paul, Tanya and Stanton Thomas, eds. <em>Bouguereau &amp; America.</em> Milwaukee, WI: Milwaukee Art Museum; Memphis, TN: Memphis Brooks Museum of Art ; New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 2, p. 127, cat. 22; Mentioned: pp.37,43, 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Motherhood across Time</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rikhof, Maaike. 2022. \u201cFortunata, an Italienne c\u00e9l\u00e8bre: Identifying the Model in Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Schwartze\u2019s Young Italian Woman With Puck the Dog\u201d. <em>The Rijksmuseum Bulletin</em> 70 (3):244-57.", "page_number": "p. 252", "url": "https://doi.org/10.52476/trb.12832"}, {"citation": "<em>Dessin Anciens &amp; Du XIXe Si\u00e8cle</em>. Paris: Artcurial, 2025, 107.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 107", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.722", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_web.jpg", "width": "640", "height": "900", "filesize": "183452", "filename": "1915.722_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_print.jpg", "width": "2416", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1688319", "filename": "1915.722_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_full.tif", "width": "4452", "height": "6266", "filesize": "83719020", "filename": "1915.722_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "428442"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5342740"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99894236"}, "date_created": "2009-10-05T18:28:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "385203"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5685688"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99893484"}, "date_created": "2009-10-05T18:36:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "640", "height": "893", "filesize": "432554"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2438", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6962774"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4625", "height": "6450", "filesize": "89526428"}, "date_created": "2009-10-05T18:41:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "630", "height": "893", "filesize": "393605"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1084", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1131847"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.722/1915.722_alt3_full.tif", "width": "1084", "height": "1536", "filesize": "4997012"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 173641, "creators": [{"id": 1571, "description": "William Adolphe Bouguereau (French, 1825\u20131905)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "William Adolphe Bouguereau started drawing at an early age but did not take lessons until 1834, his first year in college in Pons, where his instructor was Louis Sage, who had been a pupil of Ingres (q.v.). In 1841 Bouguereau's father, a wine merchant, moved the family to Bordeaux. The following year he was allowed to attend the \u00c9cole Municipale de Dessin et de Peinture, where he studied under Jean-Paul Alaux. Bouguereau became a bookkeeper for another wine merchant in order to meet the cost of the school. By 1844 he had won the first prize for figure painting, which further encouraged him to pursue his art career. He lived with his uncle in Mortagne from 1845 until 1846, painted portraits of the local landowners, and saved enough money to move to Paris. In 1846 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and studied under Fran\u00e7ois-\u00c9douard Picot (1786-1868). After several attempts, he finally won the Premier Grand Prix de Rome in 1850. He lived at the Villa Medici in Rome and studied Raphael, Andrea del Sarto, Giotto's Paduan frescos, and those at San Francesco in Assisi. The impact of these works appeared in Bouguereau's oeuvre in the form of classical poses, restraint, and a high degree of finish. After his return to France, Bouguereau exhibited regularly at the Salon, concentrating on classical, genre, and religious themes. In 1858 he was commissioned to decorate his first public building-the Chapel of St. Louis in St. Clotilde Church in Paris. Other public commissions followed, including the chapels of St. Pierre-Paul and St. Jean-Baptiste at St. Augustin Church in Paris, the cupola decorations in the cathedral in La Rochelle, and the ceiling of the Grand Theater of Bordeaux. Bouguereau remained in France during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), fighting in the National Guard. Afterward he taught at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian in Paris. In 1876 he fulfilled a lifelong goal, being elected to the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts de l'Institut de France. He received the Legion of Honor in 1878 and was a professor at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1888. Bouguereau's support of the academy and his interest in classicism caused a fall in his popularity at the end of his life. 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Tempera and gold on wood; framed: 46.5 x 143.5 x 7 cm (18 5/16 x 56 1/2 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 42.1 x 139.5 cm (16 9/16 x 54 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Holden Collection, 1916.801", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Panel from a Cassone: The Race of the Palio in the Streets of Florence", "creation_date": "1418", "creation_date_earliest": 1418, "creation_date_latest": 1418, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 15th century"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 46.5 x 143.5 x 7 cm (18 5/16 x 56 1/2 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 42.1 x 139.5 cm (16 9/16 x 54 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.465, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.435, "width_inch": 56, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.421, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 1.395, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 708844, "title": "Exhibition of Lorenzo Il Magnifico E Le Arti", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Lorenzo Il Magnifico E Le Arti</i>. Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi, Firenze, Italy (organizer) (May 4-October 31, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-05-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309851, "title": "Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 22-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-01-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marchese Bartolini-Salimbeni (1741); Pitti coll., Florence (1798); James Jackson Jarves (1884); Mrs. Liberty E. Holden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "A cassone was a wooden chest used for the storage of clothing, an essential piece of furniture in Italian homes during the Renaissance and often produced in matched sets. The cassone was often made on the occasion of a marriage and elaborately decorated with painted scenes and gilded moldings. This panel comes from such a painted cassone. It was not uncommon for the painted decoration to represent a memorable event at the time of the marriage. This scene depicts the end of the Palio, a horse race held in the streets of Florence on the Feast of John the Baptist (June 24). The panel from the other side of the cassone is now preserved in the Bargello Museum in Florence and shows the procession of the Palii banners before the race. The cassone commemorates a wedding between members of the Fini and Aldobrandini families in 1418.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502690"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.801-panel-from-a-cassone"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rubinstein-Bloch, Stella. <em>Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings, Etc. Presented by Mrs. Liberty E. Holden to the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1917.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22-23, cat. no. 17; Reproduced: p. 56, No. 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Holden_80856/page/n32"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Louise d' Argencourt, and Roger Diederen. Catalogue of Paintings. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 45, p. 127 - 129", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Martin Nagy, Rebecca. Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 47, 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklo\u0301s, ed. <em>Italian Paintings from the 13th to 15th Century.</em> Firenze, Italy: Polistampa, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135-136, no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Starnina, Gherardo, Roland Krischke, and Benjamin Rux. Gherardo Starnina: Cassone-Tafel mit dem Kampf orientalischer Reiter : Restaurierung und Forschung. Altenburg : Lindenau-Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 30-31, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jaser, Christian. \"Beyond Siena: The Palio Culture of Renaisance Italy.\" Ludica: annali di storia e civilta\u0300 del gioco. 23, (2017): 24-34.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dobson, Chris. <em>Beaten Black and Blue: The Myth of the Medieval Knight in Shining Armour</em>. Sant'Albano Stura, Italy: Chris Dobson, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71, fig. 72", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stinson, John. <em>Angels in Florentine Iconography and Trecento Musical Performance. </em>Baden-Baden: Georg Olms Verlag, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 132-134, fig. IV.3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Leonardo, and Clos-Luce\u0301 (Amboise, France). <em>Leonardo Da Vinci and Perfumes in the Renaissance</em>. Edited by Nathalie Prat-Couadau. Paris: E\u0301ditions Skira Paris : Cha\u0302teau du Clos Luce\u0301, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 113-115, fig. 2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.801", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.801/1916.801_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "378", "filesize": "422980", "filename": "1916.801_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.801/1916.801_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1018", "filesize": "2957068", "filename": "1916.801_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.801/1916.801_full.tif", "width": "9922", "height": "2971", "filesize": "88466080", "filename": "1916.801_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.801/1916.801_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "799952"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.801/1916.801_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "5666280"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.801/1916.801_alt0_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2007-06-11T17:45:11", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Holden Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97165, "creators": [{"id": 2344, "description": "Giovanni Francesco Toscani (Italian, c. 1380\u20131430)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1380", "death_year": "1430", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1418, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1418", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:14:17.182000"}, {"id": 117824, "accession_number": "1938.431", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plaque, c. 500\u2013200 BCE. Peru, North Coast, Chongoyape(?), Chav\u00edn style (900-200 BCE). Hammered and cut gold; overall: 12.5 x 13.8 cm (4 15/16 x 5 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1938.431", "current_location": "232 Andean", "title": "Plaque", "creation_date": "c. 500\u2013200 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -500, "creation_date_latest": -200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Peru, North Coast, Chongoyape(?), Chav\u00edn style (900-200 BCE)"], "technique": "hammered and cut gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Andes", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 12.5 x 13.8 cm (4 15/16 x 5 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.125, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.138, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "thickness": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312180, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 19-April 11, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-03-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361354, "title": "25 Centuries of Peruvian Art", "description": "<i>25 Centuries of Peruvian Art</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (co-organizer) (October 3-November 3, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-10-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Ancient Art of the North American Continent</em>, Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (January, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Ancient Art of the Andes</em>, The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (January 26 - March 26,1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-26T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Twenty-five Centuries of Peruvian Art, 700B.C. - 1800 A.D.</em>, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (October 4 - November 5, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23 - April 3,1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Gold! The Eternal Quest for Riches</em>, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA (1987).", "opening_date": "1987-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron Walram von Schoeler, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hammered gold ornaments have been produced in the Andes since 1500 BCE.", "description": "These plaques showing a powerful Chav\u00edn deity may come from a group of gold objects found in a lavish tomb in the 1920s. One is shaped as the deity\u2019s fanged head, its fur transformed into sixteen serpents that edge the plaque. On the other, the deity\u2019s visually elusive body also appears: the clawed hands over the chest may clutch a horizontal staff, an emblem of authority; across the waist is a belt that sprouts serpents; and beneath are the legs and feet, which stand atop fanged masks.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756989"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.431-plaque"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Two Chavin Vessels.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>42, no. 9 (November 1955): 203-205.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 204", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142074"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.431", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.431/1938.431_web.jpg", "width": "1019", "height": "893", "filesize": "543857", "filename": "1938.431_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.431/1938.431_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2979", "filesize": "7260856", "filename": "1938.431_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.431/1938.431_full.tif", "width": "4861", "height": "4260", "filesize": "62165004", "filename": "1938.431_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.431/1938.431_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1009", "height": "893", "filesize": "565119"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.431/1938.431_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3008", "filesize": "7354577"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.431/1938.431_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4783", "height": "4232", "filesize": "60771828"}, "date_created": "2011-04-07T15:15:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.431/1938.431_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1059", "height": "893", "filesize": "686176"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.431/1938.431_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1822", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2083504"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.431/1938.431_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1822", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8399028"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "26dee141e6024655b6cee75414203a1d", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/26dee141e6024655b6cee75414203a1d", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117824, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 500\u2013200 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:52.215000"}, {"id": 145960, "accession_number": "1971.166", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Terminus, the Device of Erasmus, c. 1532. Hans Holbein the Younger (German, active England and Switzerland, 1497/98\u20131543). Oil on wood; framed: 32.4 x 32.4 x 4.5 cm (12 3/4 x 12 3/4 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 21.6 x 21.6 cm (8 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee in memory of Milton S. Fox, 1971.166", "current_location": "114 Late Northern Renaissance", "title": "Terminus, the Device of Erasmus", "creation_date": "c. 1532", "creation_date_earliest": 1527, "creation_date_latest": 1537, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - German before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 32.4 x 32.4 x 4.5 cm (12 3/4 x 12 3/4 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 21.6 x 21.6 cm (8 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.324, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.324, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.216, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.216, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed in the middle: \"CONCEDO NVLLI. [lower right: TERMI / NVS\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1971</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 227523, "title": "Erasmus in Spain:  Humanism in Spanish early Renaissance", "description": "<i>Erasmus in Spain:  Humanism in Spanish early Renaissance</i>. Universidad de Salamanca, Escuelas Menores, Salamanca, Spain (September 25, 2002-January 6, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-09-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 393196, "title": "Holbein: Capturing Character in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Holbein: Capturing Character in the Renaissance</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (October 18, 2021-January 9, 2022) https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/holbein/index.html; The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (February 11-May 15, 2022) https://www.themorgan.org/exhibitions/holbein.", "opening_date": "2021-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charlotte Frank (London, England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Dr. and Mrs. Sherman Lee, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1971", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Tree ring analysis helped determine the date of this painting.", "description": "In the spirit of the Italian Renaissance, Erasmus of Rotterdam (c. 1466\u20131536), the celebrated Dutch humanist and scholar, embraced ancient Greek and Roman literature and incorporated much of its moral and ethical messages into his own work. Holbein here conflates Erasmus\u2019s features with Terminus, the Roman god of boundaries, who defied Jupiter by maintaining his position atop Capitoline Hill. Erasmus adopted Terminus, along with the motto <em>concedo nulli </em>(I concede to no one), as a personal symbol for devotion and steadfastness.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471858"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.166-terminus-the-device"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170; Mentioned: p. 169-172", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1971.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 1 (1972).", "page_number": "no. 52A, p. 42", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Holbein, Hans, and Hans Werner Grohn. <em>L'opera pittorica completa di Holbein il giovane</em>. Milano: Rizzoli, 1971.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rowlands, John. \"Terminus, the Device of Erasmus of Rotterdam: A Painting by Holbein.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 67, no. 2 (1980): 50-54.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51; Mentioned: p. 50-54", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159663"}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, B. B. (1982). E cosi desio me mena. <em>The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal</em>, <em>10.</em>", "page_number": "p. 30", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/4166458"}, {"citation": "Rowlands, John, and Hans Holbein. <em>Holbein: The Paintings of Hans Holbein the Younger</em>. Oxford: Phaidon, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 136, cat. no. 35, repr. pl. 67", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jensma, Goffe. <em>Erasmus, de actualiteit van zijn denken. </em>Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 176", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Holbein, Hans, and Hans Werner Grohn. <em>Tout l'\u0153uvre peint de Holbein le jeune</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1987.", "page_number": "fig. 66, p. 99.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ba\u0308tschmann, Oskar, and Pascal Griener. <em>Hans Holbein</em>. London: Reaktion Books, 1997.", "page_number": "fig. 215, p. 157", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Klinger, D. M., Ambrosius Holbein, Hans Holbein, and Antje Ho\u0308ttler. <em>Die Malerbru\u0308der Ambrosius und Hans d.J. Holbein: Werkverzeichnis, Gema\u0308lde und Miniaturen</em>. Cheb: H.B. Wilson, 1998.", "page_number": "cat. no. 35, p. 149", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Marti\u0301nez-Burgos Garci\u0301a, Palma, and Bart Fransen. <em>Erasmo en Espan\u0303a: la recepcio\u0301n del humanismo en el primer Renacimiento espan\u0303ol </em>: Escuelas Menores de la Universidad de Salamanca, 26 de septiembre de 2002-6 de enero de 2003. Madrid: Sociedad Estatal para la Accio\u0301n Cultural Exterior, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 202", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coelen, Peter van der, and Marjolijn Bol. <em>Images of Erasmus. </em>Rotterdam: Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 69, fig. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ba\u0308tschmann, Oskar and Pascal Griener. <em>Hans Holbein</em>. London: Reaktion Books, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 230, fig. 228", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.166", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.166/1971.166_web.jpg", "width": "907", "height": "893", "filesize": "534555", "filename": "1971.166_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.166/1971.166_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3346", "filesize": "8070083", "filename": "1971.166_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.166/1971.166_full.tif", "width": "4495", "height": "4424", "filesize": "59691016", "filename": "1971.166_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.166/1971.166_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "896", "height": "893", "filesize": "629469"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.166/1971.166_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3388", "filesize": "9438497"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.166/1971.166_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4133", "height": "4119", "filesize": "51105652"}, "date_created": "2009-05-11T19:18:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.166/1971.166_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "904", "height": "893", "filesize": "568273"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.166/1971.166_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3360", "filesize": "8559806"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.166/1971.166_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4211", "height": "4162", "filesize": "105191620"}, "date_created": "2009-05-11T19:13:57", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Sherman E. Lee in memory of Milton S. Fox", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145960, "creators": [{"id": 2819, "description": "Hans Holbein the Younger (German, active England and Switzerland, 1497/98\u20131543)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1497", "death_year": "1543", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1527, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1532", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:29:02.587000"}, {"id": 170235, "accession_number": "2012.41", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Artist's Studio, 1740s\u201350s. Johann Georg Platzer (Austrian, 1704\u20131761). Oil on copper; framed: 55.6 x 73.3 cm (21 7/8 x 28 7/8 in.); unframed: 41.9 x 60 cm (16 1/2 x 23 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund by exchange, 2012.41", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "The Artist's Studio", "creation_date": "1740s\u201350s", "creation_date_earliest": 1740, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "oil on copper", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Paintings", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 55.6 x 73.3 cm (21 7/8 x 28 7/8 in.); Unframed: 41.9 x 60 cm (16 1/2 x 23 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.556, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.733, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.419, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.6, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left \"JG Platzer\"; inscribed on print lower center left \"Spranger\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Delikatesse der Malerei: Meisterwerke von Johann Georg Platzer.</em> Alte Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz (September 19, 2007 - January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-09-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely\u2014there are 12 paintings within this painting!", "description": "Johann Georg Platzer specialized in small, highly detailed paintings scaled for a connoisseur\u2019s cabinet. At the center of this composition is an idealized portrait of the artist himself, clad in a fur-lined robe and holding a painting for the inspection of a visiting connoisseur. This work makes a statement about painting as a noble and intellectual pursuit, and the importance of rigorous training and practice: the artist at the easel is surrounded by a studio teeming with live models, pupils, assistants, and inspiring examples of art from earlier eras. The paintings on the wall, easel, and floor not only reference great artists of the past, but together present an allegory of the five senses.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480966"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2012.41-the-artist-s-studio"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Becker, Ulrich. <em>Delikatesse der Malerei: Meisterwerke von Johann Georg Platzer.</em> Alte Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, 19. September 2007-13. Ja\u0308nner 2008. Graz: Landesmuseum Joanneum, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [138]; pp.144-145. cat. #36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krapf, Michael. J<em>ohann Georg Platzer: der Farbenzauberer des Barock 1704-1761. </em>Wien: Brandst\u00e4tte, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 116-117; 314, cat. #128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schaefer, Iris, Anna Bungenberg, and Caroline von Saint-George. Entdeckt!: Maltechniken von Martini bis Monet. 2021, 101.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101 and 113; Reproduced: p. 101, Abb. 116 and p. 113, Abb. 135.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.41", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "887", "filesize": "238893", "filename": "2012.41_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2388", "filesize": "1581309", "filename": "2012.41_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_full.tif", "width": "6277", "height": "4410", "filesize": "83068064", "filename": "2012.41_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "890", "filesize": "212629"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2396", "filesize": "1788918"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6613", "height": "4662", "filesize": "92512832"}, "date_created": "2012-04-02T18:33:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1147", "height": "893", "filesize": "260917"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2646", "filesize": "2067110"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.41/2012.41_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6332", "height": "4928", "filesize": "93635668"}, "date_created": "2012-04-02T18:49:26", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 170235, "creators": [{"id": 62091, "description": "Johann Georg Platzer (Austrian, 1704\u20131761)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1704", "death_year": "1761", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1740s\u201350s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:44:50.418000"}, {"id": 132367, "accession_number": "1954.834", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child Enthroned, 1419. Battista di Biagio Sanguigni (Italian, active 1393\u20131451). Tempera and gold on wood; framed: 196.2 x 68.6 x 9.5 cm (77 1/4 x 27 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 196.2 x 68.2 cm (77 1/4 x 26 7/8 in.); with original molding and pinnacle: 129 x 59 cm (50 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1954.834", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Virgin and Child Enthroned", "creation_date": "1419", "creation_date_earliest": 1419, "creation_date_latest": 1419, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Tuscany"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 196.2 x 68.6 x 9.5 cm (77 1/4 x 27 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 196.2 x 68.2 cm (77 1/4 x 26 7/8 in.); with original molding and pinnacle: 129 x 59 cm (50 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.962, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.686, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.962, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.682, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "with original molding and pinnacle": {"height": 1.29, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.59, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed at bottom: \"QUESTA TAVOLA AFATO FARE ANTONIO DI DOMENICHO / GIUGNI P[ER] RIMEDIO DELA SUA ANIMA ANI DNO. MCCCCXVIIII\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 206256, "title": "Fra Angelico", "description": "<i>Fra Angelico</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 24, 2005-January 30, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-10-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 230833, "title": "The Art of Devotion: Panel Painting in Early Renaissance Italy", "description": "<i>The Art of Devotion: Panel Painting in Early Renaissance Italy</i>. Middlebury College Museum of Art, Middlebury, VT (organizer) (September 17-December 13, 2009); Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, South Hadley, MA (February 9-May 31, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-09-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (10/24/2005 - 1/30/2006): \"Fra Angelico\"", "opening_date": "2005-10-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Middlebury College Museum of Art, Middlebury, VT (9/17/2009 - 12/13/2009) and Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, South Hadley, MA (2/9/2010 - 5/31/2010): \"The Art of Devotion: Panel Painting in Early Renaissance Italy\" exh. cat. no. 11, p. 96-97.", "opening_date": "2009-09-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Rather than depicting a single moment in time, this gold-ground painting symbolically encapsulates Christ. Seated on a rich throne, the monumental Virgin holds the Christ child. Above, the risen Christ is seen in heaven holding a book, inscribed with the alpha and omega, the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet, signifying Christ\u2019s role as the beginning and end of all things. The Italian inscription states: \"This painting was made for Antonio di Domenicho Giugni for the repose of his soul, the year of our Lord 1419.\" In the 1300s, Italian painting focused on the heavenly aspects of Christian faith in order to convey abstract religious concepts. Depicted as specimens of formal beauty, sacred figures were placed against an ethereal gold background. Within a hundred years, artists began to highlight the earthly aspects of sacred figures, placing them within naturalistic landscapes. In this newer style of painting, the approachability of sacred figures fostered devotion among the faithful.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516617"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.834-virgin-and-child-ent"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. \"The Master of 1419.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 96, No. 615 (1954): 181.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pouncey, Philip. \"A New Panel by The Master of 1419.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>96, No. 618 (1954): 291\u201392, 195.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Master of 1419.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>43, no. 10 (December 1956): 211-213.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: p. 212", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142169"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 399", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n74"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n85"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n85"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 33, p. 89 - 91; fig. 33b, p. 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Kanter, Laurence. \"Zanobi Strozzi miniatore and Battista di Biagio Sanguigni.\" <em>Arte Cristiana</em> 90, No. 812 (2002): 321\u201331, 329.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kanter, Laurence. <em>Fra Angelico</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005. pp. 233\u201334.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gerardo, de Simone. \"3.8. Maestro Del 1419 (Battista di Biagio Sanguigni), Redentore Benedicente; Profeta Daniele, Roma, Museo di Palazzo Venezia.\" <em>Voglia d\u2019Italia. Il Collezionismo Internazionale nella Roma del Vittoriano</em>, edited by Emmanuele Pellegrini. Napoli: Prismi editrice politecnica. p. 210.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Strinati, Claudio, and Frank Dabell. The Madonna: Eternal Woman. 2019, 62-63.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 62-63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tartuferi, Angelo in <em>Fra Angelico</em>. Florence, Palazzo Strozzi and Museo di San Marco. 26 September 2025\u201325 January 2026. Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi; Marsilio Arte, 2025, cat. no. 1.5, p. 110.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.834", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.834/1954.834_web.jpg", "width": "480", "height": "900", "filesize": "118106", "filename": "1954.834_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.834/1954.834_print.jpg", "width": "1814", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1218330", "filename": "1954.834_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.834/1954.834_full.tif", "width": "4374", "height": "8198", "filesize": "107601076", "filename": "1954.834_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.834/1954.834_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "373", "height": "900", "filesize": "89145"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.834/1954.834_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1408", "height": "3400", "filesize": "855929"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.834/1954.834_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3296", "height": "7958", "filesize": "78714612"}, "date_created": "2014-05-19T14:01:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.834/1954.834_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "313", "height": "893", "filesize": "278634"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.834/1954.834_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1481358"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.834/1954.834_alt1_full.tif", "width": "717", "height": "2048", "filesize": "4406924"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132367, "creators": [{"id": 282522, "description": "Battista di Biagio Sanguigni (Italian, active 1393\u20131451)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1419, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1419", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madonna and Child Enthroned"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:49:21.417000"}, {"id": 128072, "accession_number": "1950.89", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Reading, 1873. Berthe Morisot (French, 1841\u20131895). Oil on canvas; framed: 74.3 x 100.3 x 12.1 cm (29 1/4 x 39 1/2 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 46 x 71.8 cm (18 1/8 x 28 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1950.89", "current_location": "004 Special Exhibition Gallery", "title": "Reading", "creation_date": "1873", "creation_date_earliest": 1873, "creation_date_latest": 1873, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 74.3 x 100.3 x 12.1 cm (29 1/4 x 39 1/2 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 46 x 71.8 cm (18 1/8 x 28 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.743, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.003, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.121, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.46, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.718, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: [black:] B [in red:] erthe M[in black:] orisot Remnants of a signature lower left: B \r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519253, "title": "Manet, Degas, Cassatt, and Berthe Morisot", "description": "<i>Manet, Degas, Cassatt, and Berthe Morisot</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (April 17-June 3, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311553, "title": "Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 7, 1993-January 2, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 221052, "title": "Masters of Impressionism", "description": "<i>Masters of Impressionism</i>. Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico (November 17, 1998-February 28, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216847, "title": "Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections", "description": "<i>Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art (organizer) (October 10, 1999-January 30, 2000); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (March 25-May 7, 2000); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 28-July 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220881, "title": "R\u00e9trospective Berthe Morisot (1841-1895)", "description": "<i>R\u00e9trospective Berthe Morisot (1841-1895)</i>. Palais des Beaux Arts de Lille, Lille, France (organizer) (March 8-June 9, 2002); Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, Switzerland (June 20-November 19, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-03-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222021, "title": "Berthe Morisot, Woman of our Time", "description": "<i>Berthe Morisot, Woman of our Time</i>. Mus\u00e9e Marmottan Monet, 75016,  Paris, France (organizer) (March 7-July 1, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207482, "title": "Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible", "description": "<i>Unfinished: Thoughts Left Visible</i>. The Met Breuer, New York, NY (March 18-September 4, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 295873, "title": "Berthe Morisot, Woman, Impressionist", "description": "<i>Berthe Morisot, Woman, Impressionist</i>. Mus\u00e9e national des beaux-arts du Qu\u00e9bec (organizer) (June 21-September 23, 2018); The Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia, PA (October 20, 2018-January 14, 2019); The Dallas Museum of Art (February 24-May 26, 2019); Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (June 17-September 22, 2019); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 20, 2019-January 20, 2020).", "opening_date": "2018-06-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520718, "title": "Paris 1874: Inventing Impressionism", "description": "<i>Paris 1874: Inventing Impressionism</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (organizer) (co-organizer) (March 25-July 12, 2024) https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/whats-on/exhibitions/paris-1874-inventing-impressionism; National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (September 8, 2024-January 20, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-03-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 668924, "title": "Manet & Morisot", "description": "<i>Manet & Morisot</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 11, 2025-February 15, 2026) https://www.famsf.org/exhibitions/manet-morisot; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (March 29-July 5, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-10-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Premi\u00e8re Exposition</em>. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Anonyme. 35 Boulevard des Capucines, Paris, France (1874).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Vom Kaiserreich zur Republik: eine franzo\u0308sische Kulturgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts</em>. Possibly, Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (1917).", "opening_date": "1917-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition d'oeuvres de Berthe Morisot</em>. Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, France (1917).", "opening_date": "1917-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition d'oeuvres de Berthe Morisot</em>. Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, France (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Painting 1100-1900</em>. Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (October 18-December 2, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-10-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "\u00c9douard  Daliphard, Poissy", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Daliphard, a landscape painter, was born in Rouen and studied with Gustave Morin and Joseph Quinaux.&nbsp; Salon catalogues throughout the 1860s and 1870s give his place of residence as Poissy.&nbsp; Little is known about his collection, and once the Morisot came into his possession, it appears to have disappeared from public view until the twentieth century.&nbsp; Sales of works in Daliphard\u2019s collection on April 6, 1875 and March 4, 1876 do not contain the Morisot.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Gabriel Thomas (1851-1932), Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->A 1929 exhibition lists Gabriel Thomas, Morisot\u2019s first cousin, as the painting\u2019s current owner.&nbsp; Thomas died in 1932, but he is still cited as the painting\u2019s owner in Angoulvent\u2019s 1933 catalogue of Morisot\u2019s oeuvre.</div>"], "date": "By 1929-1932", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "\u00c9douard Molyneux [1891-1974], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(C\u00e9sar de Hauke, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1950", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Impressionists were mostly men with a few notable exceptions, including Berthe Morisot. While Morisot's work includes many of the hallmarks of Impressionism, such as her loose brushwork, the subject matter of her paintings often reflects the social constraints of her gender. Her paintings often depicted domestic tableaux or images of her friends and family, such as this painting of her sister.", "description": "Morisot\u2019s sister, Edma, posed for this painting of a woman seated on her shawl in a field, her eyes on the pages of a book, with a parasol and fan discarded on the grass. Her white dress reflects the light and shadows of the outdoor setting; its delicate floral pattern echoes the meadow\u2019s wildflowers.<br><br>X-ray examination reveals that Morisot revised Edma\u2019s eyes, which previously looked directly at the beholder, in a manner more typical of Manet\u2019s figures (see The Railway on view in this gallery). Whereas women in Manet\u2019s paintings often return the viewer\u2019s look, Morisot\u2019s figures are usually absorbed in tasks or private reflection.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515791"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.89-reading"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bodelsen, Merete.  \u201cEarly Impressionist Sales 1874-94 in the light of some unpublished \u2018proc\u00e8s-verbaux\u2019,\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine </em>CX, no. 783 (June 1968): 335.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lindsay, Suzanne Glover.  \u201cBerthe Morisot: Nineteenth-Century Woman as Professional,\u201d <em>Perspectives on Morisot.  </em>New York: Hudson Hills Press, 1990.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "d'Argencourt, Louise, Roger Diederen, and Alisa Luxenberg. <em>European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clairet, Alain, Delphine Montalant, and Yves Rouart.  <em>Berthe Morisot: 1841-1895 : Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 de l'oeuvre peint</em>. Montolivet: CERA-nrs e\u0301d, 1998.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bataille, Marie Louise, and Georges Wildenstein. <em>Berthe Morisot: catalogue des peintures, pastels et aquarelles</em>. Paris: Les Beaux-Arts, 1961.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Angoulvent, Monique. <em>Berthe Morisot</em>. [Paris]: A. Morance\u0301, 1933.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "d'Argencourt, Louise, Roger Diederen, and Alisa Luxenberg. <em>European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bataille, Marie Louise, and Georges Wildenstein. <em>Berthe Morisot: catalogue des peintures, pastels et aquarelles</em>. Paris: Les Beaux-Arts, 1961.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clairet, Alain, Delphine Montalant, and Yves Rouart.  <em>Berthe Morisot: 1841-1895 : Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 de l'oeuvre peint</em>. Montolivet: CERA-nrs e\u0301d, 1998.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "d'Argencourt, Louise, Roger Diederen, and Alisa Luxenberg. <em>European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clairet, Alain, Delphine Montalant, and Yves Rouart.  <em>Berthe Morisot: 1841-1895 : Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 de l'oeuvre peint</em>. Montolivet: CERA-nrs e\u0301d, 1998.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Boehn, Max von. <em>Vom Kaiserreich zur Republik: eine franzo\u0308sische Kulturgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts</em>. 1917.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fourreau, Armand. <em>Berthe Morisot</em>. Paris, France: F. Rieder, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fourreau, Armand, and Hubert Wellington. <em>Berthe Morisot</em>. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Angoulvent, Monique. <em>Berthe Morisot</em>. Paris, France: A. Morance\u0301, 1933.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"\"Sur la Falaise aux Petites Dales (Mme. Pontillon, Sister of the Artist).\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXVII, no. 10 (December 1950): 205-211.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 207-210", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carnegie Institute. <em>French Painting, 1100-1900</em>. Pittsburgh, PA, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Report for the Year 1950.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXVIII, no. 6 (June 1951): 153.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Exhibition of Masterpieces Honoring Hazel Barker King\" <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin </em>9, Oberlin, OH (1952<em>). </em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palais des beaux-arts (Brussels, Belgium). <em>La femme dans l'art franc\u0327ais, [Exposition] mars-mai</em>, <em>1953. </em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e de l'Orangerie. <em>De David a\u0300 Toulouse-Lautrec; chefs-d'\u0153uvres des collections ame\u0301ricaines</em>. Paris, france: [Presses artistiques], 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20, no. 43, pl. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Owned Paintings Will Go to France,\u201d April 20, 1955, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4556"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 504", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n93"}, {"citation": "Bataille, Marie Louise, and Georges Wildenstein. <em>Berthe Morisot: catalogue des peintures, pastels et aquarelles</em>. Paris, France: Les Beaux-Arts, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>The History of Impressionism</em>. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 325", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bataille, Marie Louise, and Georges Wildenstein. <em>Berthe Morisot: catalogue des peintures, pastels et aquarelles</em>. Paris, France: Les Beaux-Arts, 1961.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Baltimore Museum of Art. <em>Paintings, Drawings and Graphic Works by Manet, Degas, Berthe Morisot and Mary Cassatt</em>. Baltimore, MD: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n197"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Minneapolis Institute of Arts. <em>The Past Rediscovered: French Painting, 1800-1900</em>. Minneapolis, MN, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muehsam, Gerd. <em>French Painters and Paintings from the Fourteenth Century to Post-Impressionism</em>. New York, NY: Ungar, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 523", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petersen, Karen, and J. J. Wilson. <em>Women Artists: Recognition and Reappraisal from the Early Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century</em>. New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n235"}, {"citation": "Monneret, Sophie. <em>L'impressionnisme et son e\u0301poque: dictionnaire international illustre\u0301</em>. Paris, France: Denoe\u0308l, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 1297, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Phaidon Encyclopedia of Art and Artists</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1978. N31 .P48 1978", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 460", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelder, Diane. <em>The Great Book of French Impressionism</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rey, Jean Dominique. <em>Berthe Morisot</em>. Norwalk, CT: Easton Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Real, William A. \u201cExploring New Applications for Infrared Reflectography.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 8 (December 1985): 390\u2013412.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 410, plate II", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159923"}, {"citation": "Moffett, Charles S. <em>The New Painting, Impressionism, 1874-1886: An Exhibition Organized by the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco with the National Gallery of Art, Washington</em>. Geneva, Switzerland: R. Burton, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 121, no. 105, Mentioned: p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Charles F. Stuckey, William P. Scott, and Suzanne G. Lindsay. <em>Berthe Morisot, Impressionist</em>. New York, N : Hudson Hills Press: Distributed in the U.S. by Rizzoli International Publications, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 55-59; Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward. <em>Impressionist Women</em>. London: London, United Kingcom: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1989. .", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise, and E\u0301douard Manet. <em>Manet</em>. Paris, France: Che\u0302ne, 1990. .", "page_number": "Reproduced: in reverse", "url": null}, {"citation": "Witzling, Mara Rose. <em>Voicing Our Visions: Writings by Women Artists</em>. New York, NY: Universe, 1991. .", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nemett, Barry. <em>Images, Objects, and Ideas: Viewing the Visual Arts</em>. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1992..", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115, fig. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Takahashi, Akiya, and Chikashi Kitazaki. <em>1874 nen -- Pari: (dai ikkai insho\u0304ha ten) to sono jidai = Paris en 1874 : l'anne\u0301e de l'impressionnisme</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Yomiuri Shimbunsha, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berson, Ruth. <em>The New painting: impressionism, 1874-1886 : documentation</em>. San Francisco, CA: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1996. .", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). <em>Maestros del impresionismo</em>. Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 126-127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnston, Sona.<em> Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</em>. New York, NY : Rizzoli, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129, cat. no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldin, Marco. <em>La nascita dell'impressionismo</em>. Conegliano, Italy: Linea d'ombra libri, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jiminez, Jill Berk, and Joanna Banham. <em>Dictionary of Artists' Models</em>. London, United Kingdom: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001. .", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 433", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grandazzi, Josette. <em>Berthe Morisot</em>. Martigny, France: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 2002. .", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 130-131", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Berthe Morisot, 1841-1895: Lille, Palais des beaux-arts, 10 mars-9 juin 2002, Martigny, Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 20 juin-19 novembre 2002</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2002. .", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 130-131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sakagami, Keiko. <em>Beruto morizo: aru josei gaka no ikita kindai</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Sho\u0304gakukan, 2006. .", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brodskai\ufe20a\ufe21, N. V. <em>Impressionism ; Post-Impressionism</em>.New York, NY : Parkstone Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239", "url": null}, {"citation": "Inmann, Christiane. <em>Forbidden Fruit: A History of Women and Books in Art</em>. Munich, Germany ; New York, NY : Prestel, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 134-135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mathieu, Marianne. <em>Berthe Morisot: 1841-1895</em>. 2012. Paris, France: \u00c9ditions Hazan, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23, fig 5; p. 75. fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Kathryn. <em>Women Readers in French Painting 1870-1890: A Space for the Imagination</em>. 2012. Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, VT : Ashgate, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26, no. 1.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mathieu, Marianne. <em>Berthe Morisot: 1841-1895</em>. 2012. Paris, France : \u00c9ditions Hazan, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23, fig. 5; p. 75, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry. <em>How to Read Impressionism: Ways of Looking</em>. Antwerp, Belgium: Ludion ; New York, NY: Abrams, 2013. .", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "To\u0304kyo\u0304 Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, Frederick E. Bidwell, and Masato Matsushima. <em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Tokyo, Japan: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014. .", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wat, Pierre. \"Procession des '-ismes' ou parade des individus? Comment s'ecrit l'histoire de l'art du XIX siecle.\" In <em>L'art du XIXe sie\u0300cle: l'heure de la modernite\u0301 1789-1914. </em>Bertrand Tillier, 21-76. Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klein, Jacques-Sylvain. <em>L'impressionnisme se le\u0300ve en Normandie: 1820-1886.</em> Rennes: Ouest-France, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "Camplin, Jamie, and Maria Ranauro. <em>The Art of Reading: An Illustrated History of Books in Paint. </em>Los Angeles, CA: Getty Publications, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced & Mentioned: p. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Berthe Morisot: Woman Impressionist.</em> New York, NY: Rizzoli Electa; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: In association with the Barnes Foundation; Dallas, TX: Dallas Museum of Art; Qu\u00e9bec, Canada: Mus\u00e9e national des beaux-arts du Qu\u00e9bec, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70, cat. no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Michael, Cora. \"Gauguin in the the Buckeye and Hoosier States: Portrait of Teuraheimata and its Midwestern Collectors.\" In <em>Paul Gauguin: Teuraheimata a Potoru, a Rediscovery, </em>11-19. New York: Jill Newhouse Gallery; [Akron, Ohio]: Thomas French Fine Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Toscano, Franca. \"Previews &amp; Reviews: Not-to-be-missed Shows this Month.\" <em>Modern Painters: A Quarterly Journal of the Fine Arts </em>32, no. 6 (Summer 2019)<em>: 94-96. </em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patry, Sylvie. <em>Berthe Morisot</em>. Paris: Flammarion: Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 60, no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cotentin, Re\u0301gis. <em>Wonder Women: Ni Muses, Ni Mode\u0300les: Artistes! </em>Paris: E\u0301ditions de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux-Grand Palais, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 44-45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Morisot, Berthe. <em>Berthe Morisot</em>. Lyon: Fage Editions, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "Patry, Sylvie, Anne Robbins, Kimberly A. Jones, Mary G. Morton, Muse\u0301e d\u2019Orsay, and National Gallery of Art (U.S.). <em>Paris 1874: The Impressionist Moment</em>. Paris, Washington: Muse\u0301e d\u2019Orsay; National Gallery of Art, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158, no. 119", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Les 150 Ans de l'Impressionnisme.\" <em>\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6.Yi shu jia </em>588 (May 2024): 82-95.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Overmars, Sterre. \"Het Begin van het Moderne.\" <em>Tableau</em> 46, nr. 2 (Summer 2024): 26-31.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26-27; Mentioned p. 28-29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Beeny, Emily A. \"Manet &amp; Morisot.\" In <em>Manet &amp; Morisot</em>. Emily Beeny, Heather Lemonedes Brown, Anne Higonnet, Kimberly A. Jones, Nicole R. Myers, et al., 11-71. San Francisco, New Haven: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Yale University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 54; Reproduced: p. 4, 113, no. 33", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.89", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "575", "filesize": "246885", "filename": "1950.89_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2174", "filesize": "2864695", "filename": "1950.89_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_full.tif", "width": "13576", "height": "8679", "filesize": "353507400", "filename": "1950.89_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "671", "filesize": "258443"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2534", "filesize": "2591707"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11318", "height": "8436", "filesize": "286465472"}, "date_created": "2024-02-02T12:47:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "577", "filesize": "283919"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2181", "filesize": "3705456"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt1_full.tif", "width": "14032", "height": "9003", "filesize": "379018640"}, "date_created": "2024-02-02T13:27:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "711", "filesize": "322222"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2685", "filesize": "3325744"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt2_full.tif", "width": "11152", "height": "8808", "filesize": "294711304"}, "date_created": "2024-02-02T12:27:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "569", "filesize": "213461"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2150", "filesize": "3040950"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt3_full.tif", "width": "14985", "height": "9478", "filesize": "426113016"}, "date_created": "2016-10-17T09:59:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "800", "filesize": "720468"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2154", "filesize": "5263022"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.89/1950.89_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6064", "height": "3841", "filesize": "69908932"}, "date_created": "2007-10-15T19:24:26", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Kelvin and Eleanor Smith Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 128072, "creators": [{"id": 1865, "description": "Berthe Morisot (French, 1841\u20131895)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born into a prosperous family, Berthe Morisot was encouraged at an early age to become an amateur artist. Along with her sister Edma, she began her studies with Geoffroy-Alphonse Chocarne (act. 1838-1857), a painter trained in the neoclassical tradition. In 1858 the sisters entered the studio of Joseph-Beno\u00eet Guichard (1806-1880), a student of Ingres (q.v.) and Delacroix (q.v.). Through Guichard they met Corot (q.v.) in 1861, under whose encouragement they began to paint out of doors near Pontoise as well as in Normandy and Brittany. Berthe Morisot exhibited at the Salon from 1864 until 1873. Fantin-Latour (q.v.) introduced her to Manet (q.v.) around 1867. They developed a close friendship, and Morisot modeled for him many times (see Manet, Berthe Morisot, no. 141). In 1874 she married his brother, Eug\u00e8ne, and that same year began participating in the impressionist exhibitions, never to show at the Salon again. Four years after their marriage, the couple's only child, Julie, was born on 14 November 1878 and would become a main source of artistic inspiration. Morisot matured as a central member of the group of impressionists. Her home became a meeting place for painters and writers alike, including Renoir (q.v.), Degas (q.v.), Mary Cassatt (1845-1926), and St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. She participated in the Drouot sale of 1875, where the artists were ridiculed extensively. Her paintings, however, fetched slightly higher prices than those of Renoir, Monet (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.). Morisot made pastels and watercolors as well as oil paintings, and during the final years of her life she experimented with lithography and drypoint etching.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1841", "death_year": "1895", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-03-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1873, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1873", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "During the most recent 2023 conservation treatment, yellowed varnish coatings were removed allowing the artist\u2019s original colors and tonality to become visible. Advanced imaging including infrared reflectography (IRR) revealed changes Morisot made within the composition. This includes the sitter, Edma, initially being painted with her eyes open toward the viewer.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Artist's Sister, Mme. Pontillon, Seated on the Grass"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 11:24:19"}, {"id": 146416, "accession_number": "1972.119", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Noah:  The Eve of the Deluge, 1848. John Linnell (British, 1792\u20131882). Oil on canvas; framed: 168.5 x 242.5 x 9.5 cm (66 5/16 x 95 1/2 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 146 x 221 cm (57 1/2 x 87 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1972.119", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Noah:  The Eve of the Deluge", "creation_date": "1848", "creation_date_earliest": 1848, "creation_date_latest": 1848, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 168.5 x 242.5 x 9.5 cm (66 5/16 x 95 1/2 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 146 x 221 cm (57 1/2 x 87 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.685, "height_inch": 66, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 2.425, "width_inch": 95, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.46, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 2.21, "width_inch": 87, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: j. linnell / 1848 \r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220951, "title": "Landscape of the Bible: Sacred Scenes in European Master Paintings", "description": "<i>Landscape of the Bible: Sacred Scenes in European Master Paintings</i>. Israel Museum, 91710 Jerusalem, Israel (organizer) (September 5, 2000-January 31, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-09-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1848).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Mechanic's Institute, Bradford, England (1873).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Works by the Old Masters and by Deceased Masters of the British School.</em> Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1883).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sold to Joseph Gillott [1799-1872], Birmingham, United Kingdom, May 1847,  before the work was completed.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1847-1872", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, United Kingdom, April 19-20 and 26-27, and May 3-4, 1872,  sale, lot 137, sold to J. Rhodes for Angus, 1st Lord Holden)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1872", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Angus 1st Lord Holden [1833-1912], Nun Appleton House, Bolton Percy, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1872-1913", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, United Kingdom, July 18, 1913, Holden Sale, lot 64, sold to Bale. Mrs. C. Hunter)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1913", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London Belgravia sale, February 22, 1972,  lot 98, sold to Jeremy Maas, with Herner Wengraf, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Herner Wengraf, London, United Kingdom, 1972, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Linnell was an extremely versatile artist who worked in oils and watercolors, painted miniatures on ivory, and was skilled as an engraver.", "description": "This painting powerfully illustrates changes in taste over time. Before it was even completed, the painting was purchased for the considerable sum of \u00a31,000 by a newly wealthy industrialist who admired John Linnell\u2019s modern approach to religious subjects. In 1913, however, the painting was sold at auction for only \u00a3130. Victorian painting had fallen out of favor among collectors who did not appreciate Linnell\u2019s hotly colored landscapes that combined biblical stories and poetry (in this case Milton\u2019s <em>Paradise Lost</em>) with close study of the English landscape. Linnell was also known for financially supporting the destitute and elderly William Blake, whose mesmerizing painting of Saint Matthew is in the museum's collection.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472087"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.119-noah-the-eve-of-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1972.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 3 (March 1973): 63\u2013115.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82; Mentioned: p. 109, no. 121", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25093732"}, {"citation": "Firestone, Evan R. \u201cJohn Linnell: The Eve of the Deluge.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 4 (April 1975): 131\u201339.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 131-132, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152586"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n228"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cA Victorian Portrait by Frederick Sandys.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 10 (December 1980): 299\u2013309.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 298, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159700"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 399-401, Vol. II, no. 138", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.119", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.119/1972.119_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "831", "filesize": "716287", "filename": "1972.119_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.119/1972.119_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2237", "filesize": "4795800", "filename": "1972.119_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.119/1972.119_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "3948", "filesize": "71095936", "filename": "1972.119_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 146416, "creators": [{"id": 2968, "description": "John Linnell (British, 1792\u20131882)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The precocious son of a Bloomsbury frame maker, John Linnell entered the Royal Academy schools in 1805 at the same time that he began studying with influential watercolor painter and drawing master John Varley (1778-1842). Under Varley's tutelage, but primarily in the company of fellow student William Mulready (1786-1863), Linnell mastered plein-air landscape painting. His studies at the Kensington gravel pits (ca. 1812) and other locales in and around London are remarkable for the intensity and novelty of their naturalistic observation. From 1807 Linnell was a regular contributor of landscape and portrait paintings at the Royal Academy, the British Institution, and the Society of Painters in Watercolours. His conversion to the Baptist faith in 1811 intensified his conviction that meticulous landscape realism was a moral act pursued as a duty to God's creation. Primarily for financial reasons, Linnell painted his first miniature portrait in 1816, after which portraiture in all media tended to dominate his professional production for several decades. In 1818 he befriended William Blake (1757-1827), virtually supporting that irascible genius during his last years with important commissions, including The Book of Job engravings and the 102 watercolor illustrations to Dante's Divine Comedy. Linnell's commitment to landscape painting as a spiritual art profoundly influenced the visionary early work of his pupil and future son-in-law, Samuel Palmer (1805-1881). In the 1840s, but especially after 1851, when he moved his family to Redhill in Surrey, Linnell resumed landscape painting. Many of his later pictures had literal or implied religious subject matter, and although they were not always successful commercially, they established Linnell as one of the masters of the pastoral landscape tradition in the nineteenth century.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1792", "death_year": "1882", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-07-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1848, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1848", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Eve of the Deluge"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:30:33.855000"}, {"id": 130457, "accession_number": "1953.212", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Under the Trees (from \"The Public Gardens\"), 1894. \u00c9douard Vuillard (French, 1868\u20131940). Distemper on fabric; framed: 229.9 x 113 x 11.4 cm (90 1/2 x 44 1/2 x 4 1/2 in.); unframed: 214.2 x 96.3 cm (84 5/16 x 37 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1953.212", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Under the Trees (from \"The Public Gardens\")", "creation_date": "1894", "creation_date_earliest": 1894, "creation_date_latest": 1894, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "distemper on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 229.9 x 113 x 11.4 cm (90 1/2 x 44 1/2 x 4 1/2 in.); Unframed: 214.2 x 96.3 cm (84 5/16 x 37 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.299, "height_inch": 90, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.13, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.114, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 2.142, "height_inch": 84, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.963, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: E. Vuillard 94\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300318, "title": "Work of Edouard Vuillard", "description": "<i>Work of Edouard Vuillard</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 27-March 14, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "<i>Paths of Abstract Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 191838, "title": "Object in Focus:  Under the Trees (Sous les arbres) by Edouard Vuillard", "description": "<i>Object in Focus:  Under the Trees (Sous les arbres) by Edouard Vuillard</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 29-November 29, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-09-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216734, "title": "Beyond the Easel: Decorative Painting by Bonnard, Vuillard, Denis, Roussel, 1890-1930", "description": "<i>Beyond the Easel: Decorative Painting by Bonnard, Vuillard, Denis, Roussel, 1890-1930</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (February 21-May 16, 2001); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (June 18-September 9, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177023, "title": "Edouard Vuillard", "description": "<i>Edouard Vuillard</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (January 19-April 20, 2003); Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (May 15-August 24, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-01-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 329533, "title": "Private Lives: Home and Family in the Art of the Nabis, Paris, 1889\u20131900", "description": "<i>Private Lives: Home and Family in the Art of the Nabis, Paris, 1889\u20131900</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (July 1-September 19, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-07-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Bernheim-Jeune. Vuillard (1906), no. 26 (according to Jacques Salomon, who is preparing a catalogue raisonn\u00e9).", "opening_date": "1906-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie des Beaux-Arts. Les \u00e9tapes de l'art contemporain II: Gauguin, ses amis, L'\u00c9cole de Pont-Aven et l'Acad\u00e9mie Julian (1934), no. 165 (according to Salomon, unpub.).", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Les Cadres. Peintres de la Revue blanche (1936), no. 79 (according to Salomon, unpub.).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e des Arts D\u00e9coratifs. Exposition \u00c9. Vuillard (1938), no. 34b, Sous les arbres, 214 x 97 cm, \u00e0 Henri Blum (repr.).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "cma; New York, Museum of Modern Art. \u00c9douard Vuillard (1954), 20, 34 (repr.), 101.", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "cma. Paths of Abstract Art (1960), no. 10, pl. II, 9 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toronto, Art Gallery of Ontario; San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor; Art Institute of Chicago. \u00c9douard Vuillard 1868-1940 (1971-72), 39 (repr.), 49-50, 225.", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; September 29 - November 29, 1998.  \"Object in Focus:  Under the Trees (Sous les arbres) by Edouard Vuillard.\"", "opening_date": "1998-09-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Art Institute of Chicago (2/21-5/27/01);  NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art (6/18 - 9/9/01); \"Beyond the Easel: Decorative Painting by Bonnard, Vuillard, Denis, Roussel, 1890-1930\"exh. cat. no. 33, pp. 120-121.", "opening_date": "2001-09-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (1/19/2003-4/20/2003), Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal (5/15/2003-8/24/2003): \"Edouard Vuillard\", exh.cat.no. 118, p. 172-173.", "opening_date": "2003-01-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (organizer). Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 21, 2007- January 13, 2008:  \"Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-10-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Alexandre Natanson [1867-1936], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->This painting is one of nine canvases that Alexandre Natanson, director of <em>La Revue blanche, </em>commissioned from Vuillard in 1893 for his home in the Avenue du Bois de Boulogne.&nbsp; The decorative cycle, entitled <em>Jardins publics </em>(<em>Public Gardens</em>) was dismantled when the Natanson family moved to the Avenue des Champs-Elys\u00e9es, where it was reinstalled in 1908.&nbsp; Natanson\u2019s collection was sold at auction in 1929, and the cycle was dispersed: five paintings are now in the Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay; the pendant to the CMA painting is at the Mus\u00e9es Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique; one panel is in the collection of the Houston Museum of Fine Arts; and the current location of the ninth panel is unknown</div>"], "date": "1894-1929", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Natanson sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, May 16, 1929, lot 122, sold to Georges B\u00e9nard)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Georges B\u00e9nard, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "1929-1933", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(B\u00e9nard sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, June 9, 1933, lot 90, sold to Henri Blum)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Cleveland painting was sold together with <em>La promenade </em>(no. 89)<em>, </em>also from the <em>Jardins public</em> cycle, to Henri Blum.&nbsp; Modigliani's <em>Portrait of a Woman </em>(CMA 1951.358) also appeared in the B\u00e9nard sale (no. 67).</div>"], "date": "1933", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Henri Blum, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Blum, a collector of Impressonist works who was active in Paris throughout the 1930s and 1940s, lent the CMA painting to a 1938 Vuillard exhibition at the Mus\u00e9e des Arts D\u00e9coratifs.</div>"], "date": "1933-", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(C\u00e9sar de Hauke, New York, sold to Knoedler & Co.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->This sale may have been brokered by Parisian dealer, Paul Brame.&nbsp; Galerie Hector Brame, at which Paul Brame worked, appears in the painting\u2019s provenance in the Salamon/Cogeval Vuillard catalogue raisonn\u00e9.&nbsp; However, according to the gallery, there is no reference to the painting in their stock books.&nbsp; Paul Brame and C\u00e9sar de Hauke were close acquaintances and often made purchases in conjunction with one another. &nbsp; The Knoedler inventory card, which makes no mention of Brame, does not specify the date de Hauke sold the painting (stock no. A5278) to Knoedler, but CMA records indicate the transaction took place in May 1953.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1953", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Vuillard's social circle included actors and directors. He often contributed to their theatrical pursuits by designing costumes, programs, and set pieces. In this panel from a nine-part series, a patterned landscape recalls scenery for the stage.", "description": "This painting is from a nine-panel decorative series showing children playing in two of Paris\u2019s most spacious parks: the Tuileries Gardens and the Bois de Boulogne. It depicts a game of hide-and-seek in which a girl conceals herself behind a tree. The stillness of the women resting on green chairs at the right is countered by children running at the left. Rather than a realistic rendering of the subject, \u00c9douard Vuillard arranged the composition in bands of colorful, decorative patterns so that the painting seems like a tapestry.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516343"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.212-under-the-trees-from"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "d'Argencourt, Louise, Roger Diederen, and Alisa Luxenberg. <em>European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard, the Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels</em>. Milan: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salomon, Jacques. <em>Vuillard</em>. [Paris]: A. Michel, 1945.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard, the Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels</em>. Milan: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard, the Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels</em>. Milan: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition E. Vuillard: mai-juillet 1938</em>. [Paris]: Muse\u0301e des arts de\u0301coratifs, 1938.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard, the Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels</em>. Milan: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard, the Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels</em>. Milan: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u00c9douard Vuillard, Series IV Inventory Cards, M. Knoedler &amp; Co. records, box 140, Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sylvie Brame, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 29, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sylvie Brame, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 30, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard, the Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels</em>. Milan: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u00c9douard Vuillard, Series IV Inventory Cards, M. Knoedler &amp; Co. records, box 166, Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Tableaux modernes, aquarelles, pastels, dessins, lithographies</em>. May 16, 1929.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Tableaux modernes, aquarelles, gouaches, pastels. </em>June 9, 1933<em>.</em>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Edouard Vuillard.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>41, no. 1 (January 1954): 6-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2; Mentioned: p. 6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141927"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 514", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n95"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n206"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n206"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 225", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n245"}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Vuillard's <em>Under the Trees</em> from the Nabi Cycle <em>The Public Gardens</em>.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 4 (1992): 111-27.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 112, 119; Mentioned: p. 111-27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161356"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 38 no. 08, October 1998", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1998-08/page/n1"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 626-630, Vol. II, no. 219", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard: The Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels.</em> Milan: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 1, p. 394-396", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahn, Isabelle. \"The Nabis: Decorative Painting and the New Sensibility.\" In J<em>apanese Connections: The Birth of Modern Deco</em>r, pp. 44-55. Isabelle Cahn, ed. Beirut: Kaph Books 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 51; Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Heather Lemonedes. \u201cThe Nabi City.\u201d In <em>Private Lives: Home and Family in the Art of the Nabis, Paris, 1889-1900</em>. Mary Weaver Chapin and Heather Lemonedes Brown, 222-261. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 225-226; Reproduced: P. 242, no. 154", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.212", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_web.jpg", "width": "407", "height": "900", "filesize": "253047", "filename": "1953.212_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_print.jpg", "width": "1538", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2042618", "filename": "1953.212_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_full.tif", "width": "6302", "height": "13936", "filesize": "263499396", "filename": "1953.212_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "453", "height": "900", "filesize": "153394"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1713", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1004536"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7082", "height": "14058", "filesize": "298700764"}, "date_created": "2021-01-08T09:52:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "494", "height": "900", "filesize": "262377"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1865", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2235151"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7579", "height": "13820", "filesize": "314251488"}, "date_created": "2021-01-06T16:48:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "398", "height": "893", "filesize": "303672"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1514", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3982770"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.212/1953.212_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2693", "height": "6049", "filesize": "48905216"}, "date_created": "2008-02-25T14:50:09", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 130457, "creators": [{"id": 1833, "description": "\u00c9douard Vuillard (French, 1868\u20131940)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "After attending the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet, \u00c9douard Vuillard entered the studio of history painter Diog\u00e8ne Maillart (1840-1926). In 1886 he enrolled at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian, where he was taught by Tony Robert-Fleury (1837-1911) and Bouguereau (q.v.). The following year he was accepted into the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and was briefly in the atelier of G\u00e9r\u00f4me (q.v.). At this time he also studied seventeenth-century Dutch painting and the works of Chardin (1699-1779). By 1889 Vuillard was persuaded by his friend painter and theorist Maurice Denis (1870-1943) to join the newly formed group of artists known as the Nabis. The Nabis based many of their ideas on synthetism, first developed by Gauguin (q.v.) and \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), in which the artist was to work not from nature but from memory. Vuillard's initial synthetist works reveal a preoccupation with pattern and bright colors, denying the three-dimensionality of the object. By 1892, however, his colors were more subdued, reflecting his desire to mimic the unusual lighting effects that he had seen in symbolist theater. Vuillard's first major commissions date from this time, including nine panels for the dining room of Alexandre Natanson and four decorative panels for the library of Dr. Henri Vaquez. In 1898 Vuillard visited Venice and Florence, and the following year he and Bonnard (q.v.), a fellow member of the Nabis, made an excursion to London. Later they went to Milan and Venice and eventually to Spain. Vuillard also made trips to Brittany and Normandy. His first public commission came in 1912, when he was asked to paint panels for the foyer of the Com\u00e9die des Champs-Elys\u00e9es in Paris. During that period he moved beyond the synthetism of the Nabis and returned to a more traditional perspective. At the same time he was accepting commissions for portraits. In 1936 he was chosen to paint a mural at the Palais des Nations in Geneva and was subsequently elected to the Institut de France.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1868", "death_year": "1940", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-06-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1894, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1894", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:44:35.550000"}, {"id": 135007, "accession_number": "1957.61", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Wine Cup with Children at Play (\u6597\u5f69\u5a74\u620f\u676f), 1465\u201387. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Ming dynasty (1368-1644), Chenghua mark and period (1465-1487). Porcelain with underglaze blue and overglaze enamel decoration, docai (\"joined colors\") ware; overall: 4.8 cm (1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1957.61", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Wine Cup with Children at Play", "title_in_original_language": "\u6597\u5f69\u5a74\u620f\u676f", "creation_date": "1465\u201387", "creation_date_earliest": 1465, "creation_date_latest": 1487, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen, Ming dynasty (1368-1644), Chenghua mark and period (1465-1487)"], "technique": "porcelain with underglaze blue and overglaze enamel decoration, docai (\"joined colors\") ware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Ming Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 4.8 cm (1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.048, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5927\u660e\u6210\u5316\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Da Ming Chenghua nian zhi (Made in the Ming dynasty, Chenghua reign)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Ming Porcelains</em>. China House Gallery, New York, NY (October 29, 1970-January 31, 1971).", "opening_date": "1970-10-29T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration</em>. The National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (October 12, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-10-12T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Men-Chu Wang, Beijing, China. Probably Palace Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Chenghua ware demonstrates one of the high points of technological accomplishment in Chinese porcelain production.", "description": "This delicate wine cup, only two inches high, exhibits free, spontaneous drawing as well as perfect compositional balance over its small surface area. The motifs were outlined with cobalt blue; the piece was then glazed and fired in the normal way for making the blue-and-white ware. After firing, the outline painting was completed with colored enamels over the glaze. The piece was fired the second time. The pictorial decoration is refined and complicated; the porcelain body is of exceptionally high quality and is thin, translucent, and light in weight.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763417"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.61-wine-cup-with-childr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 865", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n154"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 409, colorplate #41", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 266", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n290"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum, 1967.", "page_number": "p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: World Pub. Co., 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 266", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n290"}, {"citation": "Valenstein, Suzanne G. <em>Ming Porcelains: A Retrospective: Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition from Museum and Private Collections in the United States, October 29, 1970 Through January 31, 1971</em>. New York: China House Gallery, China Institute in America, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ayers, John. \"Ming Porcelains at China House Gallery, New York,\" <em>The Connoisseur</em>, November 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 354", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n374"}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Eastern Gate: An Invitation to the Arts of China and Japan</em>. Cleveland: Collins, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 79 and 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(B. J. Lester-Smith, Vienna, Austria, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131972", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The cavity at the top of the head may have once held a portion of the Buddha's relics.", "description": "Combining elements from both the Mediterranean and South Asian worlds, the artists of Gandhara created a new vision of the Buddha during the period of high contact between the two regions from the 100s to 200s AD. 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Vol. 38 no. 05, May 1998", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1998-05/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Parimoo, Ratan. <em>Essays in New Art History: Studies in Indian Sculpture : Regional Genres and Interpretations</em>. New Delhi: Books &amp; Books, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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"height": "900", "filesize": "215628"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.856/1928.856_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2663", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2059700"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.856/1928.856_alt8_full.tif", "width": "3732", "height": "4764", "filesize": "53365032"}, "date_created": "2004-03-17T18:09:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 110232, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1928-01-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 100\u2013125 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Orestes Sarcophagus"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:52:00.918000"}, {"id": 162625, "accession_number": "2003.227", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Celebration, 1960. Lee Krasner (American, 1908\u20131984). Oil on canvas; framed: 238.1 x 471.8 x 8.3 cm (93 3/4 x 185 3/4 x 3 1/4 in.); unframed: 234.3 x 468.6 cm (92 1/4 x 184 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2003.227. \u00a9  The Pollock-Krasner Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "227 Abstract Expressionism", "title": "Celebration", "creation_date": "1960", "creation_date_earliest": 1960, "creation_date_latest": 1960, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 238.1 x 471.8 x 8.3 cm (93 3/4 x 185 3/4 x 3 1/4 in.); Unframed: 234.3 x 468.6 cm (92 1/4 x 184 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.381, "height_inch": 93, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 4.718, "width_inch": 185, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 2.343, "height_inch": 92, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 4.686, "width_inch": 184, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  The Pollock-Krasner Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and dated lower right:  \"Lee Krasner '60\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Christie's, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Krasner repurposed this large canvas when she painted over an earlier composition that dissatisfied her.", "description": "After the death of her husband Jackson Pollock, Lee Krasner took over his studio located in a barn on their property. With this expansion of studio space, she began creating large-scale paintings like <em>Celebration</em>, using expansive gestures to express her feelings on canvas.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60479609"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH, London: Cleveland Museum of Art ; in association with Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 324; reproduced, p. 324 and p. 325 (detail).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rose, Barbara. <em>Lee Krasner: A Retrospective.</em> Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 112-114, fig. 109", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions 2000-2005.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 45, no. 6 (July/August 2005): 6-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 16-17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-06/page/16/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom,Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 324-325", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n19/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Anfam, David. <em>Lee Krasner: The Umber Paintings 1959-1962</em>. [New York]: Paul Kasmin Gallery, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50; Reproduced p. 51, 53", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.227", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Frank H. and Nancy L. Porter Gallery", "athena_id": 162625, "creators": [{"id": 15639, "description": "Lee Krasner (American, 1908\u20131984)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1908", "death_year": "1984", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-12-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1960, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1960", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:26.090000"}, {"id": 117940, "accession_number": "1938.9", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cranes and Serpents (\u86c7\u5ea7\u9cf3\u9ce5\u9f13\u67b6), 475\u2013221 BCE. China, reportedly from Hunan province, Changsha, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE), State of Chu (c. 1046\u2013223 BCE). Lacquered wood with polychromy; overall: 132.1 x 124.5 cm (52 x 49 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.9", "current_location": "241A Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Cranes and Serpents", "title_in_original_language": "\u86c7\u5ea7\u9cf3\u9ce5\u9f13\u67b6", "creation_date": "475\u2013221 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -475, "creation_date_latest": -221, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, reportedly from Hunan province, Changsha, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE), State of Chu (c. 1046\u2013223 BCE)"], "technique": "lacquered wood with polychromy", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Zhou Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 132.1 x 124.5 cm (52 x 49 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.321, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.245, "width_inch": 49, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Survey of Early Chinese Art</em>. Yamanaka &amp; Co., New York, NY (January 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mr. Umekichi Asano [1877\u20131960], \u014csaka, Japan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1934 or later\u2013before 1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Yamanaka and Company, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131938", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The cranes' long necks allowed a lightweight drum to be suspended from strings through the beaks, while the densely intertwined snakes provided a weighty base to stabilize the object during musical performances.", "description": "A different style of ritual art developed in the state of Chu in South China. In addition to bronze vessels, lacquered wood artifacts expanded the repertory of ritual implements. <br><br>This extraordinary sculpture was probably a drum stand for supporting a suspended drum in ritual ceremonies. It is unique among other excavated drum stands of the Chu, which typically show two birds standing on tigers. The theme of the bird stepping on the serpent was common in the Chu visual culture. Yet the slender proportions and seemingly flimsy structure of this particular set raise the question of whether it was utilitarian or mostly served symbolic functions in the tomb. <br><br>The birds' and serpents' bodies have designs painted in red lacquer and yellow pigment against the black lacquer. Scientific analyses confirm the additional use of a blue or green pigment that has been discolored over time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757420"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.9-cranes-and-serpents"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Umehara Sueji \u6885\u539f\u672b\u6cbb and Mizuno Seiichi \u6c34\u91ce\u6e05\u4e00. \"Wooden Cranes and Snakes, decorated with Lacquer, said to have been discovered in Chang-sha, China\" [\u50b3\u9577\u6c99\u51fa\u571f\u306e\u6f06\u756b\u96d9\u9db4\u96d9\u86c7\u306b\u5c31\u3044\u3066]. <em>Bijutsu Kenkyu\u0304</em> [\u7f8e\u8853\u784f\u7a76 = Journal of the Japanese Art History Society] no. 72 (December 1937), pp. 487-491.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 489, 490, pl. V-VII", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cAccessions.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 25, no. 2, 1938, pp. 29\u201332.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137905"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard C. \u201cCranes and Serpents.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 25, no. 8, 1938, pp. 147\u2013151, 159.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: pp. 147-151 and 159", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137954"}, {"citation": "Morgan, Whitney. \u201cMuseum Accessions.\u201d <em>Parnassus</em>, vol. 11, no. 1, 1939, pp. 37\u201341.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/771774"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cCorrections in Previous Articles on Oriental Objects.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 32, no. 7 (1945): 141.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 141", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141228"}, {"citation": "\u201cArt and Archaeology at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Archaeology</em>, vol. 6, no. 4, 1953, pp. 195\u2013202.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 200", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/41663172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 805", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n143"}, {"citation": "Consten, Eleanor von Erdberg. <em>Das Alte China</em>. Stuttgart: G. Kilpper, 1958.", "page_number": "Reprodcued: pl. 71. p. 107, 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Misugi, Takatoshi \u4e09\u6749\u9686\u654f. Chu\u0304goku kinseki to\u0304ji zukan [\u4e2d\u570b\u91d1\u77f3\u9676\u74f7\u5716\u9451 = Old Chinese Art]. O\u0304saka: Chu\u0304goku Kinseki To\u0304ji Zukan Kanko\u0304kai, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Misugi, Takatoshi \u4e09\u6749\u9686\u654f. Chu\u0304goku kinseki to\u0304ji zukan [\u4e2d\u570b\u91d1\u77f3\u9676\u74f7\u5716\u9451 = Old Chinese Art]. O\u0304saka: Chu\u0304goku Kinseki To\u0304ji Zukan Kanko\u0304kai, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tucci, Giuseppe, and Antonio Gargano. <em>Le Civilta\u0300 dell'Oriente ... Sotto la dir. di Giuseppe Tucci</em> vol. 4 Arte [Roma]: G. Casini, 1962.", "page_number": "p. 1100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jenyns, Soame, and William Watson. <em>Chinese Art: The Minor Arts</em>. New York: Universe Books, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fontein, Jan. \"The Oriental Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts</em> 78 (December 1963): 468-469.", "page_number": "pp. 468-469", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 52-53", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n270"}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Luzzatto-Bilitz, Oscar. <em>Lacche orientali</em>. Milano: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, William. <em>Early Civilization in China</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Riviere, Jean Roger. \"El Arte de la China.\" <em>Summa artis, historia general del arte</em> 20 (1966)", "page_number": "p. 219", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \"Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Art in America </em>54 no. 3 (May-June 1966). pp. 21-44.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \"Les Chefs-d'Oeuvre de Premiere Importance du Second Musee des Etats-Unis.\" <em>Connaissance des arts </em>172 (June 1966).", "page_number": "p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Munsterberg, Hugo. <em>Der Ferne Osten</em>. Baden-Baden: Holle, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aida, Yu\u0304ji. <em>Sekai rekishi shiri\u0304zu </em>[\u4e16\u754c\u6b74\u53f2\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba = World History Series]. Vol. 3 Kodai Ch\u016bgoku \u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sekai Bunkasha, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n270"}, {"citation": "Froncek, Thomas, ed. and Hugh Honour. <em>The Horizon Book of the Arts of China</em>. New York: American Heritage Pub. Co, 1969.", "page_number": "p. 265", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kadokawa Shoten, ed. <em>A Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Oriental Arts: China</em>. Vol.1. New York: Crown Publishers, 1969.", "page_number": "p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fricke, Berthold, editor. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94; Mentioned: p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barnard, Noel. \"Some Remarks upon the Origin and the Nature of the Art of Ch'u.\" in <em>Waikato University China Papers: Proceedings of the First New Zealand International Conference on Chinese Studies, University of Waikato, Hamilton New Zealand, 17-20 May 1972</em>. Dov Bing, ed. Hamilton, New Zealand: Conference on Chinese Studies, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 6:12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper, Barbara, and Maureen Matheson, editors. T<em>he World Museums Guide</em>. London: Threshold Books Ltd, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glubok, Shirley. <em>The Art of China</em>. New York: Macmillan, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ridley, Michael. <em>Treasures of China</em>. New York: Arco Pub. Co, 1974.", "page_number": "p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "T'an Tan-chiung. \"The <em>Fei-i</em> and the Paired Dragon and Phoenix\" [\u00ab\u80a5\u907a\u00bb \u548c \u00ab\u9f8d\u9cf3\u914d\u00bb]. <em>Dong Wu da xue Zhongguo yi shu shi ji kan </em>[\u6771\u5433\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u85dd\u8853\u53f2\u96c6\u520a = <em>Soochow University journal of Chinese art history </em>vol. 6 (September 1976): pp. 1-32.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. XV", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 327", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n347"}, {"citation": "Watson, William. <em>L'art de l'ancienne Chine</em>. Paris: Mazenod, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 180", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan [National Palace Museum = \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662].<em> Hai wai yi zhen. Qi qi </em>[Chinese art in overseas collections. Lacquerware = \u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u6f06\u5668]. Taibei Shi Shilin qu Waishuangxi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n24"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Naomi Noble Richard. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 52\u201353, fig. 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Watson, William. <em>The Arts of China to AD 900</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover and figs. 122\u2013123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 30-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kontler, Christine. <em>Arts et sagesses de la Chine</em>. [Saint-Le\u0301ger-Vauban]: Zodiaque, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. no. 24, pp. 71-72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scarpari, Maurizio. <em>Ancient China: Chinese civilization from the origins to the Tang Dynasty</em>. Vercelli: White Star, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 214, p. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. 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Wade Fund, 1939.524", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "The Drive, Central Park", "creation_date": "c. 1905", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1910, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 84.1 x 99.4 x 9.5 cm (33 1/8 x 39 1/8 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 64.5 x 81 cm (25 3/8 x 31 7/8 in.); Former: 84 x 99 x 11.5 cm (33 1/16 x 39 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.841, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.994, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.645, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.81, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "former": {"height": 0.84, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.99, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.115, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  W. Glackens", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312153, "title": "The Eight", "description": "<i>The Eight</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 9-March 4, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-02-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520061, "title": "Modern American Painting 1915", "description": "<i>Modern American Painting 1915</i>. San Diego Museum of Art (organizer) (December 7, 1962-January 6, 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304210, "title": "What Was the Armory Show?", "description": "<i>What Was the Armory Show?</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 27-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515965, "title": "Retrospective of Work by Richard Glackens", "description": "<i>Retrospective of Work by Richard Glackens</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (November 18-December 31, 1966); Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC (February 1-April 2, 1967); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (April 25-June 11, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 516390, "title": "The Art of William Glackens", "description": "<i>The Art of William Glackens</i>. Jane Voorhees Zimmerli Art Museum, New Brunswick, NJ (organizer) (January 10-February 10, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445649, "title": "The American Scene 1900 - 1970", "description": "<i>The American Scene 1900 - 1970</i>. 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Columbus Museum of Art (January 5-March 3, 1996); Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City (April 5-June 2, 1996); The Butler Institute of American Art (organizer) (June 30-August 18, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227084, "title": "Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (organizer) (October 5-December 31, 2001); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (January 17-March 31, 2002); Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (April 10-June 25, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 232210, "title": "William Glackens; Sensuous Modernism", "description": "<i>William Glackens; Sensuous Modernism</i>. Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Lauderdale, FL (organizer) (February 23-June 1, 2014); Parrish Art Museum, Water Mill, NY (July 19-October 12, 2014); The Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia, PA (November 8, 2014-February 16, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-02-23T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, La Pintura Contempor\u00e1nea Norteamericana (1941); traveled to Buenos Aires, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, (3 July-31 July 19410; to Montevideo, Galeria del Teatro Solis, (18 August-19 September 1941); to Rio de Janeiro, Museo de Bellas Artes (8 November-9 December 1941), illus. p. 51.", "opening_date": "1941-07-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Artists of the Philadelphia Press (14 October-18 November 1945), cat. no. 4, see The Philadelphia Museum Bulletin (November, 1945), vol. XLI, no. 207 for catalogue.", "opening_date": "1945-10-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Kraushaar Galleries, Paintings and Drawings by William Glackens (3-29 January 1949), cat. no. 3.", "opening_date": "1949-01-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dayton, Dayton Art Institute, American and Impressionism (19 October-11 November 1951); traveled to Columbus, Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts (18 November-16 December 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, The One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary Exhibition (15 January-13 March 1955), cat. no. 208, pp. 124-129, illus. p. 125.", "opening_date": "1955-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Sent from the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts on a good-will tour through the U.S. Information Agency, Washington, D.C. to: Madrid, Sala de la Direccion General de Belles Artes, (21 April-8 May 1955), illus. cat. no. 73, p. 43.", "opening_date": "1955-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Florence, Palazzo Strozzi, l'Esposizione per il 150 Anniversario della Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts di Filadelfia (June 1955), illus. cat. no 73, p. 43; Innsbruck, Ferdinandeum Museum (16 July-20 August 1955), illus. cat. no. 73.", "opening_date": "1955-07-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Ghent, Belgium, The Ghent Museum (3 September-2 October 1955), illus. cat. no. 81.", "opening_date": "1955-09-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Stockholm, Royal Academy of the Free Arts, (4-27 November 1955), illus. cat. no. 83, p. 24.", "opening_date": "1955-11-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Diego, The Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego, Modern American Painting: 1915 (6 December 1962-6 January 1963), cat. no. 11.", "opening_date": "1962-12-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "St. Louis, City Art Museum of Saint Louis, William Glackens in Retrospect (18 November-31 December 1966); traveled to Washington, D.C., National Collection of Fine Arts, Smithsonian Institution (1 February-2 April 1967); to New York, Whitney Museum of American Art (25 April-11 June 1967), illus. cat. no. 16.", "opening_date": "1966-11-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Art Museum, The American Scene 1900-1970: An Exhibition of Twentieth Century Painting Held in Honor of the Sesquicentennial of Indiana University (6 April-17 May 1970), illus. cat. no. 47.", "opening_date": "1970-04-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Coshocton, OH, The Johnson-Humrickhouse Memorial Museum, American Paintings 1825-1915 from The Cleveland Museum of Art (7 July-1 November 1979), illus. p. 11, fig. 14, listed p. 13.", "opening_date": "1979-07-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Tokyo, The National Museum of Modern Art, Japanese Artists Who Studied in U.S.A. and the American Scene (24 July-5 September 1982); traveled to Kyoto, The National Museum of Modern Art, (14 September-11 October 1982), cat. no. 65, pp. 93-94, illus. p. 94.", "opening_date": "1982-07-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Wilmington, DE, Delaware Art Museum, William Glackens: Illustrator in New York, 1897-1919 (15 March-28 April 1985); traveled to State College, PA, Pennsylvania State University Museum of Art (30 June-8 September 1985); to Yonkers, NY, Hudson River Museum (15 September-24 November 1985), cat. no. 3, illus.", "opening_date": "1985-03-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kalamazoo, MI, Kalamazoo Institute of Arts, A Century of Caring: One Hundred Years of American Realism (18 May-3 August 1986), illus. p. 16, listed p. 49.", "opening_date": "1986-05-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. William J. Glackens, widow of the artist; (C. W. Kraushaar Art Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 127065, "description": "The Drive, Central Park, c. 1905. William Glackens (American, 1870\u20131938). Gouache over pencil; sheet: 18.5 x 25.9 cm (7 5/16 x 10 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. William J. Glackens 1949.4", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Glackens\u2019s lifelong nickname \u201cButts\u201d was acquired when he wore a coat with prominent brass buttons.", "description": "Glackens derived much inspiration from New York\u2019s Central Park, painting it several times during his early career. In this canvas he recorded the weekday ritual of wealthy Manhattanites parading through the park in their elegant horse-drawn carriages. This tradition drew spectators eager to witness the pageantry, and for all involved, it was an opportunity to see and be seen.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19967594"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1939.524-the-drive-central-pa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cAn Oil by William Glackens.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 27, no. 3 (March 1940): 35\u201336.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 35-36", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25138083"}, {"citation": "Prasse, Leona. \"A Drawing by William Glackens.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>36, no. 6 (June 1949): 103-104.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 103", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141561"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 544", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n101"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 189", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n213"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 189", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n213"}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 26, no. 67", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n255"}, {"citation": "Corriveau, Bethany. \"The Art of Storytelling.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 1 (January/February 2016): 21.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 21.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-01/page/20/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Chassey, Eric de. Made in USA: l'art ame\u0301ricain, 1908-1947 : Bordeaux, Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 10 octobre-31 de\u0301cembre 2001, Renne, Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 18 janvier-31 mars 2002, Montpellier, Muse\u0301e Fabre, 12 avril-23 juin 2001. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "illus. p. 44.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1939.524", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 118490, "creators": [{"id": 3086, "description": "William Glackens (American, 1870\u20131938)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1870", "death_year": "1938", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1939-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1905", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:48:02.591000"}, {"id": 99445, "accession_number": "1919.1018", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "British Manufactory; A Sketch, 1791. Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820). Oil on paper mounted on wood; framed: 67.4 x 80 x 5.2 cm (26 9/16 x 31 1/2 x 2 1/16 in.); unframed: 51 x 65 cm (20 1/16 x 25 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1919.1018", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "British Manufactory; A Sketch", "creation_date": "1791", "creation_date_earliest": 1791, "creation_date_latest": 1791, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on paper mounted on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 67.4 x 80 x 5.2 cm (26 9/16 x 31 1/2 x 2 1/16 in.); Unframed: 51 x 65 cm (20 1/16 x 25 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.674, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.8, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.052, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.51, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.65, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower center: B. West 1791", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519256, "title": "The World of Benjamin West", "description": "<i>The World of Benjamin West</i>. Allentown Art Museum, Allentown, PA (organizer) (May 1-July 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 455290, "title": "The Age of Neoclassicism", "description": "<i>The Age of Neoclassicism</i>. Arts Council of Great Britain (organizer) (September 7-November 19, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-09-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443389, "title": "Zwei Jahrhunderk Englische Malerei (British Painting and the European Continent)", "description": "<i>Zwei Jahrhunderk Englische Malerei (British Painting and the European Continent)</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, Munich, Germany (organizer) (November 20, 1979-January 27, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Charitable Mechanics Association, Fine Arts Department, Boston, MA (1878).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Raphael L. West [1769-1850] and Benjamin West, Jr. [1772-1849], the artist's sons, by descent", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(London sale, 1829)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1829", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. S.J. Tuttle, Boston, MA, 1878", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1878", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(William Macbeth Gallery, New York, NY, 1919, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Benjamin West was the first American artist to attain international fame.", "description": "As part of his work for the British court, Benjamin West produced several compositions celebrating the strength of the nation's economy. In this example, women in classical costumes paint vases, spin, and weave\u2014a comparison of British manufacturing with the accomplishments of antiquity. One of a series of nine related sketches, this design was copied as a large mural decorating the Queen's Lodge at Windsor Castle, a room eliminated by remodeling in 1823.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503184"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.1018-british-manufactory"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gottlieb, Rachel, <em>The Portland Vase:Mania and Muse,</em> exh. cat. (Sacramento, CA: Croker Art Museum, 2024).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 43; reproduced, p. 45, and pp. 107-108 (detail).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brayley, E. W, and J Britton. <em>The Beauties of England and Wales : Or, Original Delineations, Topographical, Historical, and Descriptive of Each Country</em>. London, United Kingdom: Vernor, 1801.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260 vol. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904</em>. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215, no. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Annmary Brown Memorial, Rush C. Hawkins, and C. H. Collins Baker. <em>Paintings in Oil &amp; Water Colours by Early &amp; Modern Painters</em>. London, United Kingdom: Printed for the owner by the Medici Society, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 52-53", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 7/8 (1919): 132-34.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 132", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136315"}, {"citation": "Barker, Virgil. <em>American Painting, History and Interpretation</em>. New York, NY: Macmillan, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 199-211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galt, John. <em>The Life of Benjamin West (1816-1820)</em>. Gainesville, FL: Scholars' Facsimiles &amp; Reprints, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 214, 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Croft-Murray, Edward. <em>Decorative Painting in England, 1537-1837</em>. London, United Kingdom: Country Life, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 290-292", "url": null}, {"citation": "Allentown Art Museum. <em>The World of Benjamin West: Being the Account, Ornamented by Reproductions, of the Art of a Native Pennsylvanian, from His Early Attempts at Face-Painting and the Painting of History to His Final Eminent Station As President of the Royal Academy, &amp; Followed by Notable Examples from the Most Eminent Painters of the British Realm and of the Continent and Those of the Most Assiduous Students of Mr. West's Instruction ... : to Be Freely Admired by the Lovers of Both Art and History, between May 1st and July 31st of This Bi-Centennial Year in Allentown</em>. Allentown, PA: Printed for the Allentown Art Museum, 1962.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Neo-Classicism: Style and Motif</em>. Cleveland,<br>OH: Cleveland Museum of Art; distributed by H.N. Abrams, New York, 1964.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Skidmore College. <em>American Allegorical Paintings, Drawings and Prints</em>. Saratoga Springs, NY.: Hathorn Gallery, Skidmore College, 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Council of Europe, Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain), Victoria and Albert Museum, and Arts Council of Great Britain. <em>The Age of Neo-Classicism: [Catalogue of] The Fourteenth Exhibition of the Council of Europe [Held at] the Royal Academy and the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, London, 9 September - 19 November, 1972</em>. London, United Kingdom: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1972.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Irwin, David G. <em>Neoclassicism</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172-175; Reproduced: p.173", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maryland Historical Society, and John B. Boles. <em>Maryland Heritage: Five Baltimore Institutions Celebrate the American Bicentennial</em>. Baltimore, MD: The Society, 1976.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gage, John, and Michael Kitson. <em>Zwei Jahrhunderte englische Malerei: britische Kunst und Europa 1680 bis 1880</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Haus der Kunst, 1979.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Forty, Adrian. <em>Objects of Desire</em>. New York, NY: Pantheon Books, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13-17; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Erffa, Helmut von, and Allen Staley. <em>The Paintings of Benjamin West</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90, 93, 409-411; Reproduced: p.411", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boime, Albert. <em>Art in an Age of Revolution, 1750-1800</em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 370-382; Reproduced: p. 372", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reilly, Robin. <em>Wedgwood</em>. New York, NY: Stockton Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 663-684; Reproduced: p. 372", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rouet, Philippe. <em>Approaches to the study of Attic vases: Beazley and Pottier</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 21-24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fox, Celina. <em>The Arts of Industry in the Age of Enlightenment</em>. New Haven CT: Yale University Press for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 353-354", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.1018", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "711", "filesize": "397256", "filename": "1919.1018_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2687", "filesize": "5114182", "filename": "1919.1018_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_full.tif", "width": "9460", "height": "7475", "filesize": "212172044", "filename": "1919.1018_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "719", "filesize": "304712"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2716", "filesize": "3457771"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13892", "height": "11099", "filesize": "462596008"}, "date_created": "2023-03-06T16:50:38", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1130", "height": "893", "filesize": "850521"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2686", "filesize": "6760573"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1018/1919.1018_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4366", "height": "3449", "filesize": "45205084"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 99445, "creators": [{"id": 2553, "description": "Benjamin West (American, 1738\u20131820)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1820", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-06-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1791, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1791", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:22:17.919000"}, {"id": 135931, "accession_number": "1959.43", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Stephen, 1502\u20138. Tilman Riemenschneider (German, active W\u00fcrzburg, c. 1460\u20131531). Lindenwood with polychromy and gilding; overall: 93.5 x 35 x 23.5 cm (36 13/16 x 13 3/4 x 9 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1959.43", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "Saint Stephen", "creation_date": "1502\u20138", "creation_date_earliest": 1502, "creation_date_latest": 1508, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, W\u00fcrzburg, 16th century"], "technique": "lindenwood with polychromy and gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 93.5 x 35 x 23.5 cm (36 13/16 x 13 3/4 x 9 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.935, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.35, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.235, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177124, "title": "Tilman Riemenschneider:  Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Tilman Riemenschneider:  Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 3, 1999-January 9, 2000); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 7-May 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-03T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Richard von Passavant-Gontard, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "C. von Pannwitz, Bennebroek, The Netherlands", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1959", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 135920, "description": "Saint Lawrence, 1502\u20138. Tilman Riemenschneider (German, active W\u00fcrzburg, c. 1460\u20131531). Lindenwood with polychromy and gilding; overall: 93.8 x 38.5 x 21.8 cm (36 15/16 x 15 3/16 x 8 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1959.42", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Tilman Riemenschneider (c. 1460\u20131531) is probably the most famous German sculptor of the period around 1500.", "description": "This sculpture, along with that of Saint Lawrence (1959.42) and two others in Germany, are believed to be the remaining fragments of a large altarpiece carved by Riemenschneider for the Dominican convent in Rothenburg in Franconia (demolished in 1813). Saints Stephen and Lawrence both wear the dalmatic to indicate their status as deacons in the early church. Each holds a symbol of his martyrdom; here, Saint Stephen cradles some stones to indicate his death by stoning. Art in Germany through the early 1500s remained firmly anchored in the late Gothic style with its associated interests in realism. Riemenschneider was one of the most prolific and versatile sculptors of this style, a recognized master in both stone and wood. His flourishing workshop employed as many as 40 apprentices in sculpting, woodcarving, and painting. His sculptures are noted for the dreamy, melancholy, and introspective quality in their expressions, as well as their remarkable attention to detail.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761249"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.43-saint-stephen"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Feulner, Adolf, and Theodor Mu\u0308ller. G<em>eschichte der deutschen Plastik</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: F. Bruckmann, 1887.", "page_number": "p. 165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Riemenschneider, Tilman, and Carl Streit.<em> Tylmann Riemenschneider: 1460-1531 ;</em> Leben und Kunstwerke des fra\u0308nkischen Bildschnitzers. 1 (1888) 1 (1888). Berlin: Wasmuth, 1888.", "page_number": "pl. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "T\u00f6nies,Eduard \"Leben und Werke des W\u00fcrzburger Bildscnitzers Tilmann Riemenschneider\" <em>Studien zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte</em> XXII (1900).", "page_number": "p. 261, nos. 2,3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weber, Anton, and A. Schnizlein. T<em>il Riemenschneider: sein Leben und Wirken.</em> Regensburg: J. Habbel, 1911.", "page_number": "pp. 192, 247", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmitt, Otto, and Georg Swarzenski. <em>Meisterwerke der bildhauerkunst in Frankfurter privatbesitz</em>. Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurter kunstverein, 1921.", "page_number": "p. 28, nos. 138-9, pl. 138-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus, and Tilman Riemenschneider. <em>Tilmann Riemenschneider</em>. Augsburg: Filser, 1925.", "page_number": "p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sta\u0308delsches Kunstinstitut (Frankfurt am Main, Germany). <em>Sammlung R. von Passavant-Gontard.</em> Frankfurt am Main: Sta\u0308dtelsches Kunstinstitut, 1929.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schilling, R. \"Ausstellung der Sammlung R. v. Passavant-Gontard im St\u00e4delschen Kunstinstitut,\" <em>Pantheon </em>III (April, 1929).", "page_number": "pp. 185, 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Kunstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart.</em> 28, 28. Allgemeines Lexikon Der Bildenden Kunstler Von Der Antike Bis Zur Gegenwart / Unter Mitwirkung Von 320 Fachgelehrten Des In- Und Auslandes ; Herausgegeben Von Ulrich Thieme Und Felix Becker. Leipzig: E.A. Seeman, 1934.", "page_number": "pp. 333-4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cSaint Lawrence and Saint Stephen,\u201d September 14, 1959, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0434"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William. \"Two Lindenwood Sculptures.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>46, no. 9 (November 1959): 189-197.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 189; Reproduced: cover, p. 189, 192", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142360"}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus, <em>Art Quarterly</em> XXIII, 3 (Autumn 1960).", "page_number": "pp. 215-227, figs 1, 6, 10, 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Suppl. \u00e0 la Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> no. 1092 (January 1960).", "page_number": "p. 34, no. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D.<em> Two Lindenwood Sculptures by Tillmann Riemenschneider. </em>Thesis--New York University, February 1963, 1963.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n100"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n100"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n107"}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus, and Tilman Riemenschneider. <em>Tilmann Riemenschneider, His Life and Work.</em> Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Riemenschneider, Tilman, Julien Chapuis, and Michael Baxandall. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider: Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages</em>. 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 199-202, Cat. no. 32A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kalden-Rosenfeld, Iris. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider und seine Werkstatt: mit einem Katalog der allgemein als Arbeiten Riemenschneiders und seiner Werkstatt akzeptierten Werke</em>. Ko\u0308nigstein im Taunus: Langewiesche, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 127, no. 173, kat. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein.<em> Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 19, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krohm, Hartmut, and Tobias Kunz.<em> Nicht die Bibliothek, sondern das Auge: westeuropa\u0308ische Skulptur und Malerei an der Wende zur Neuzeit</em> : Beitra\u0308ge zu Ehren von Hartmut Krohm. Petersberg: M. Imhof, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 263, abb. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. T<em>reasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 158-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel. <em>A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages. </em>Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 48, fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"Medieval Masterpieces.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 4 (July/August 2012): 13-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-04/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 281", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina, and Stephen N. Fliegel. Collectors, Commissioners, Curators: Studies in Medieval Art for Stephen N. Fliegel. Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter ; [Kalamazoo, Michigan] : Medieval Institute Publications, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 9-10, Fig. 1.1.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.43", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.43/1959.43_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "893", "filesize": "53570", "filename": "1959.43_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.43/1959.43_print.jpg", "width": "2244", "height": "3400", "filesize": "704325", "filename": "1959.43_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.43/1959.43_full.tif", "width": "3927", "height": "5949", "filesize": "70113496", "filename": "1959.43_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.43/1959.43_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "893", "filesize": "50139"}, "print": {"url": 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135931, "creators": [{"id": 9821, "description": "Tilman Riemenschneider (German, active W\u00fcrzburg, c. 1460\u20131531)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1531", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-02-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1502, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1502\u20138", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:56:45.486000"}, {"id": 142734, "accession_number": "1966.443", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flower Study of a Lily of the Valley, c. 1885\u20131915. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Pearls, diamonds, jade, rock crystal, silver, gold; overall: 12.1 x 3.1 cm (4 3/4 x 1 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.443", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Flower Study of a Lily of the Valley", "creation_date": "c. 1885\u20131915", "creation_date_earliest": 1885, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "pearls, diamonds, jade, rock crystal, silver, gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 12.1 x 3.1 cm (4 3/4 x 1 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.121, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.031, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202597, "title": "Imagining the Garden", "description": "<i>Imagining the Garden</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2015-March 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-24T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The stems of Faberg\u00e9\u2019s flower studies are set into little basins carved from rock crystal to resemble pots of water.", "description": "This flower study resembles a stem of lily-of-the-valley. Faberg\u00e9\u2019s inspiration for his flower studies is said to have come from the floral brooches of precious stones that were made in the 1700s for Catherine the Great as well as from the Japanese art of flower arranging, known as ikebana. Small and delicate, Faberg\u00e9\u2019s flower studies were given as intimate gifts to friends by the tsarina and others in the court. She also liked to take them around to wherever the imperial family was residing as a reminder of spring during the harsh Russian winters.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760986"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.443-flower-study-of-a-li"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77; Mentioned: p. 79, cat. 36", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 110-111, cat. 91.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Swezey, Marilyn Pfeifer, Caroline de Guitaut, and Joyce Lasky Reed. <em>Faberge\u0301 Flowers</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Publishers, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 74-75.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/54046274"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 180-181, cat 72.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.443", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.443/1966.443_web.jpg", "width": "680", "height": "900", "filesize": "147610", "filename": "1966.443_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.443/1966.443_print.jpg", "width": "2567", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1104974", "filename": "1966.443_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.443/1966.443_full.tif", "width": "4460", "height": "5907", "filesize": "79059800", "filename": "1966.443_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": 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Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1885, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1885\u20131915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:00.233000"}, {"id": 143775, "accession_number": "1968.212", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Terpsichore Lyran (Muse of Lyric Poetry), 1816. Antonio Canova (Italian, 1757\u20131822). Marble; overall: 177.5 x 78.1 x 61 cm (69 7/8 x 30 3/4 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1968.212", "current_location": "200 Rotunda", "title": "Terpsichore Lyran (Muse of Lyric Poetry)", "creation_date": "1816", "creation_date_earliest": 1816, "creation_date_latest": 1816, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 19th century"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Sculpture 1800-1960", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 177.5 x 78.1 x 61 cm (69 7/8 x 30 3/4 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.775, "height_inch": 69, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.781, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.61, "depth_inch": 24, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "No Extent Specified": {"height": 1.781, "height_inch": 70, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.784, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.613, "depth_inch": 24, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed on front of column:  \"Terpsichore Lyran\" [Terpsichore as the Muse of lyric poetry]; inscribed at base of column:  \"Canova Fact: 1816\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 450409, "title": "Canova: Sketching in Clay", "description": "<i>Canova: Sketching in Clay</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (June 11-October 9, 2023) https://www.nga.gov/exhibitions/2023/canova-sketching-in-clay.html.", "opening_date": "2023-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1817).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Simon H. Clarke, 9th Bt., 1764-1832 (Oak Hill, East Barnet, England);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Alfred de Rothschild, 1842-1918 (Halton, Buckinghamshire, England), by inheritance to his nephew, Lionel de Rothschild, 1918;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Lionel Nathan de Rothschild, 1882-1942 (Exbury, Hampshire, England), 1918-1942, by inheritance to his first son, Edmund Leopold de Rothschild, 1942;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edmund Leopold de Rothschild, born 1916 (Exbury, Hampshire, England), sold to Wildenstein & Co., 1963;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Wildenstein & Co. (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Trained by his grandfather, an Italian stonemason, Canova began modeling clay and carving marble sculptures before age ten.", "description": "In Greek mythology, Terpsichore was one of the nine Muses, or goddesses of creative inspiration. The lyre, the Greek inscription on the short column, and the caduceus (entwined snakes) on the side identify the figure as Terpsichore Lyran, muse of lyric poetry. This sculpture began with a commission from Napoleon's brother, Lucien, for an idealized portrait of his wife, Alexandrine. Antonio Canova made this version for a British aristocrat and exhibited it in 1817 at the Royal Academy in London to great acclaim.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780833"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.212-terpsichore-lyran-mu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Teotochi Albrizzi, Isabella, Leopoldo Cicognara, and Henry Moses. <em>The Works of Antonio Canova: In Sculpture and Modelling</em>. London: S. Prowett, 1824.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1968.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 1 (1969): 3-50.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152250."}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh. \"Canova's Statue of a Dancer.\" <em>The National Gallery of Canada Bulletin</em> Vol. 6, no. 1 (November 1968): 4-31.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n188"}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LVI (September 1969): 287-302.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 288-290, 292, 295", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>L'opera completa del Canova</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.119, no. 212", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n223"}, {"citation": "Licht, Fred, and David Finn. <em>Canova</em>. New York, New York: Abbeville Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 210-213", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. <em>The Impact of Art on French Literature: From De Scude\u0301ry to Proust</em>. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 57; Reproduced: p. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M, \"A Discerning Eye\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 05, May 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-05/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Weisser, Silja Mareke. <em>Der Tanz als Darstellungsproblem der Skulptur im 19. Jahrhundert: unter besonderer Beru\u0308cksichtigung der Interdependenz zwischen Ballett und Skulptur</em>. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 281; Reproduced: p. 301", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56; Mentioned: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>Director's Choice: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 50-51", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 224-225", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 286", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dickerson, C. D., Antonio Canova, Emerson Bowyer, Anthony Sigel, and Elyse Nelson. Canova: Sketching in Clay. 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"2009-08-24T18:10:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.212/1968.212_alt14_web.jpg", "width": "538", "height": "893", "filesize": "305645"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.212/1968.212_alt14_print.jpg", "width": "1233", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1645131"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.212/1968.212_alt14_full.tif", "width": "1233", "height": "2048", "filesize": "7578468"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "6827af1276ab407ebbfa1e7d0a4b9a19", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/6827af1276ab407ebbfa1e7d0a4b9a19", "gallery_donor_text": "Monte and Usha Ahuja Founders Rotunda", "athena_id": 143775, "creators": [{"id": 5801, "description": "Antonio Canova (Italian, 1757\u20131822)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1757", "death_year": "1822", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-10-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1816, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1816", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Terpsichore, Muse of Choral Song and Dance", "Terpsichore"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:52.574000"}, {"id": 144301, "accession_number": "1969.130", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Repository for the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra and Eleven Volumes of the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra (\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u7d4c\u53a8\u5b50\u53ca\u3073\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u7d4c\u518511\u5dfb), late 1100s. Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185). Lacquered wood with ink, color, gold, cut gold, and metalwork; height: 160 cm (63 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.130", "current_location": null, "title": "Repository for the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra and Eleven Volumes of the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra", "title_in_original_language": "\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u7d4c\u53a8\u5b50\u53ca\u3073\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u7d4c\u518511\u5dfb", "creation_date": "late 1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1175, "creation_date_latest": 1185, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185)"], "technique": "lacquered wood with ink, color, gold, cut gold, and metalwork", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Lacquer", "measurements": "height: 160 cm (63 in.)", "dimensions": {"height": {"height": 1.6, "height_inch": 63, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "painted surface": {"height": 1.005, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.39, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 211768, "title": "The Past Century of Nara National Museum - From Preaching Scene of Shakyamuni to Picture Scroll of Kusamakura", "description": "<i>The Past Century of Nara National Museum - From Preaching Scene of Shakyamuni to Picture Scroll of Kusamakura</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (April 26-June 1, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-04-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>An Historical Reunion: Daihannyakyo Buddhist Tabernacles from The Cleveland Museum of Art and the Nara National Museum</em>. Nara National Museum, Nara, Japan. (April 29-May 21, 2000). Exhibition of the CMA repository newly conserved through the Research Institute for Cultural Properties program with the Nara National Museum's repository.", "opening_date": "2000-04-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gallery 237 (Japanese and Korean Art)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 23, 2013-November 17, 2015)", "opening_date": "2013-04-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Kamigamosha [Kamigamo Shrine], Kyoto, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jink\u014d'in, Kyoto, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Shogoro Yabumoto, Amagasaki, Hy\u014dgo Prefecture, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1969", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The mate to this object is in the Nara National Museum in Japan.", "description": "This repository is one of a pair that once contained the scrolls of a religious text called the <em>Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra</em>. Two discs painted on the back have the sacred syllables representing the Buddha Shakyamuni and the Buddha Amida. 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Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 371", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n391"}, {"citation": "Yamane, Yu\u0304zo\u0304 \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09. <em>Zaigai bijutsu</em> [\u5728\u5916\u7f8e\u8853 = Selections of Japanese Art from Western Collections]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakukan, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 223, 236, no. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 188-189", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 88, p. 82; Mentioned p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Stories from Storage.\" <em>The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries </em>24, i. 5 (May 2021): 6\u20137.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 6\u20137", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.130", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.130/1969.130_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "608", "filesize": "191420", "filename": "1969.130_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.130/1969.130_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2295", "filesize": "1301792", "filename": "1969.130_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.130/1969.130_full.tif", "width": "13664", "height": "9223", "filesize": "378096024", "filename": "1969.130_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144301, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-07-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1175, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1100s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:24:30.889000"}, {"id": 136813, "accession_number": "1961.31", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head Fragment, c. 900\u2013300 BCE. Mesoamerica, Mexico, Olmec. Jadeite; overall: 7.4 x 6.2 x 5 cm (2 15/16 x 2 7/16 x 1 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1961.31", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Head Fragment", "creation_date": "c. 900\u2013300 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -900, "creation_date_latest": -300, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mesoamerica, Mexico, Olmec"], "technique": "jadeite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Jade", "measurements": "Overall: 7.4 x 6.2 x 5 cm (2 15/16 x 2 7/16 x 1 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.074, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.062, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.05, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 398482, "title": "The Art of the Olmec Civilization", "description": "<i>The Art of the Olmec Civilization</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (June 30-October 20, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Pre-Columbian Art: The Native Art of America Before the Conquest</em>, The Society of the Four Arts, Palm Beach, FL (January 10\u2013February 1,1953).", "opening_date": "1953-01-10T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(John Wise, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 137109, "description": "Drawing of Olmec Jade Head, 1930\u201357. Miguel Covarrubias (Mexican, 1904\u20131957). Pen and ink over graphite; image: 7.2 x 4.2 cm (2 13/16 x 1 5/8 in.); sheet: 9.9 x 10.7 cm (3 7/8 x 4 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of John Wise, 1961.77", "relationship": null}, {"id": 137110, "description": "Drawing of Olmec Jade Head, mid-1900s. Miguel Covarrubias (Mexican, 1904\u20131957). Pen and ink over graphite; image: 14.8 x 6.5 cm (5 13/16 x 2 9/16 in.); sheet: 16.9 x 8.4 cm (6 5/8 x 3 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of John Wise, 1961.78", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In ancient Mesoamerica, jade was more valuable than gold.", "description": "This sensual head fragment may come from a seated or standing figure like those shown nearby, though much larger. The carving is exceptionally fine, from the slight under-eye puffiness to the delineation of the fleshy lips and the teeth. The profile face of supernatural being is incised just in front of each ear, perhaps indicating that the subject had special power.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759174"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.31-head-fragment"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Society of the Four Arts (Palm Beach, Fla.), and Gordon F. Ekholm. Pre-Columbian Art, the Native Art of America Before the Conquest: Jan. 10-Feb. 1, 1953. Palm Beach: Society of the Four Arts, 1952.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \"An Olmec Jade Head.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 8 (1961).", "page_number": "pp. 212-215", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142469"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review 1961.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 9 (1961).", "page_number": "p. 238, no. 16", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142473"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n314"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n314"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 393", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n413"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n21"}, {"citation": "Benson, Elizabeth P., Beatriz de la Fuente, and Marcia Castro-Leal Espino. <em>Olmec Art of Ancient Mexico</em>. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 221, Cat. No. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan E. \"'The Art of Those Who Lived Here Before the White Man Came': Collecting the Ancient Americas at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>Collecting the \u201cOther Americas\u201d: Ancient Americas Collections in American Art Museums, </em>edited by Victoria I. Lyall, and Ellen Hoobler, 67- 82. Denver, Colorado: Mayer Center for Ancient and Latin American Art at the Denver Art Museum, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75-76, fig. 14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.31", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.31/1961.31_web.jpg", "width": "872", "height": "900", "filesize": "114335", "filename": "1961.31_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.31/1961.31_print.jpg", "width": "3296", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1136944", "filename": "1961.31_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.31/1961.31_full.tif", "width": "8098", "height": "8354", "filesize": "202979392", "filename": "1961.31_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.31/1961.31_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "875", "height": "900", "filesize": "113405"}, "print": {"url": 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "dfdf78ec92d84112837590f1c1da7eb4", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/dfdf78ec92d84112837590f1c1da7eb4", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136813, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-02-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 900\u2013300 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:03.971000"}, {"id": 131820, "accession_number": "1954.393", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Annunciation, 1380s. Netherlands, or possibly France, 14th century. Tempera and oil with gold on wood; framed: 40.3 x 31.4 x 4.8 cm (15 7/8 x 12 3/8 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1954.393", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "The Annunciation", "creation_date": "1380s", "creation_date_earliest": 1380, "creation_date_latest": 1389, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Netherlands, or possibly France, 14th century"], "technique": "tempera and oil with gold on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 40.3 x 31.4 x 4.8 cm (15 7/8 x 12 3/8 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.403, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.314, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.048, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "image": {"height": 0.31, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.227, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "overall": {"height": 0.352, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.265, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.016, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "back": {"height": 0.341, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.265, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "curvature": {"height": 0.022, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, Dijon, France (May 27-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 232915, "title": "Emperor Charles IV (1316-1378)", "description": "<i>Emperor Charles IV (1316-1378)</i>. National Gallery Prague, Prague, Czech Republic (organizer) (May 14-September 25, 2016); Germanisches Nationalmuseum, 90402 N\u00fcrnberg, Germany (October 20, 2016-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-05-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA (1927).<em>", "opening_date": "1927-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "</em>", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>French Painting 1100-1900</em>, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (Oct. 18th-Dec. 2, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-12-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>La Vierge dans l'art Fran\u00e7ais</em>, Petit Palais, Paris, France (June 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Collection of Arthur Sachs</em>, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, CA (July 22-October 18, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-07-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Art 1200-1900,</em> Royal Academy, London (January-March 1932).", "opening_date": "1932-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Gothic Art of the 13th to 15th Century</em>, Detroit Institute of Arts, MI (Nov. 16 to Dec. 5, 1928).", "opening_date": "1928-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Primitives and Objects of Art, </em>Kleinberger Galleries, New York, NY (Oct. 15 - Nov. 12, 1927).", "opening_date": "1927-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Religious Art</em>, Jacques Seligman &amp; Co. Gallery, New York, NY (March-April 1927).", "opening_date": "1927-03-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Duke of Anhalt-Dessau, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1863-1925", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(C. A. de Burlet, Berlin, Germany)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(R. Langton Douglas)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1926", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Arthur Sachs, New York sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926-1954", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In this depiction of Gabriel, the angel's wings resemble the feathers of a peacock.", "description": "This small but opulent panel painting was once joined to another panel with hinges to form a diptych. Given its small size, its original function was for private devotional use. It could be folded like a book when not in use and was highly portable. The missing panel has not been positively identified but probably represented another biblical scene like the Crucifixion. The painting\u2019s refined and ornate style reflects the courtly aesthetic that appealed to royal and aristocratic patrons in the decades around 1400. On the panel\u2019s richly tooled reverse (not visible) are the arms of the house of Hainault quartered with those of Bavaria. While this coat of arms is certainly that of the work\u2019s patron, probably a member of the united dynasties of Hainault and Bavaria, their identity remains elusive.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516485"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.393-the-annunciation"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Drummond, Sarah. <em>Divine Conception: The Art of the Annunciation</em>. London: Unicorn, an imprint of Unicorn Publishing Group, LLP, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced cover, pp. 62-63, mentioned 63-64.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Parthey, G. Deutscher Bildersaal: Verzeichniss der in Deutschland vorhandenen Oelbilder verstorbener Maler aller Schulen, in alphabetischer Folge zusammengestellt. Berlin: Nicolaische, 1863.", "page_number": "p. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Volbach, Wolfgang Fritz. Die Sammlung Silten. Berlin: Verlag fu\u0308r Kunstwissenschaft, 1923.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 204, p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sperling, Emil M. <em>Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition of French Primitives and Objects of Art: In Aid of the French Hospital in New York</em>. New York: Kleinberger Galleries, 1927.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 4.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winkler, Friedrich \"Ein Unbehanntes franz\u00f6sisches Tafelbild\" <em>Belvedere</em> XI (1927).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Masterpieces of Early Religious Art,\" <em>New York Harold Tribune</em> (March 20, 1927).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. The Seventh Loan Exhibition; <em>French Gothic Art of the 13th to 15th Century</em>. Nov. 16 to Dec. 5, 1928. [Detroit]: Institute of Arts, 1928.", "page_number": "cat. no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co. Loan Exhibition of Religious Art: For the Benefit of the Basilique of the Sacre Coeur of Paris at the Galleries of Jacques Seligmann ... New York, March-April 1927. New York: The Gallery, 1928.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 1.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold, Ludwig Burchard, and Alfred Scharf. <em>Unknown Masterpieces in Public and Private Collections. </em>New York: E. Weyhe, 1930.", "page_number": "p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoisne, Paul-Andre\u0301, and Ronald Boothroyd. <em>Gothic painting in France, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries</em>. Firenze: Pantheon, casa editrice, 1931.", "page_number": "pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "LABANDE, Le\u0301on Honore\u0301. <em>Les Primitifs Franc\u0327ais. Peintres Et Peintres-Verriers De La Provence Occidentale</em>. (Texte.-Planches.). 1932.", "page_number": "p. 220, vol. II, pl. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tolnay, Charles de. Z<em>ur Herkunft des Stiles der Van Eyck.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: [s.n.], 1932.", "page_number": "p. 321-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exhibition of French Art 1200-1900: Royal Academy of Arts. </em>London: Burlington House, 1932.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). <em>Commemorative Catalogue of the Exhibition of French Art, 1200-1900.</em> London: Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1933.", "page_number": "No. 1, Cat. No. 6, p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robb, David M. \"The Iconography of the Annunciation in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries\". Art Bulletin / Ed. John Shapley [U.a.]. (1936) 480-526.", "page_number": "p. 490, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bazin, Germain. <em>La Peinture Francaise, Des Origines Au XVIe Siecle</em>. Paris: Braun, 1937.", "page_number": "p. 17, pl. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dupont, Jacques. <em>Les primitifs franc\u0327ais: 1350-1500.</em> Paris: Plon, 1937.", "page_number": "p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sterling, Charles.<em> La peinture franc\u0327aise: les primitifs. P</em>aris: Librairie Floury, 1938.", "page_number": "p. 36, footnote 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sterling, Charles.<em> La peinture franc\u0327aise les peintres du Moyen Age. </em>Paris: Editions Pierre Tisne\u0301, 1941.", "page_number": "no. 6, pl. X", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bouchage, Luc, \"Louvre to California: Today's Collectors: Arthur Sachs,\" <em>Art News</em> 45 (October 1946).", "page_number": "p. 74-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ring, Grete. <em>A Century of French Painting, 1400-1500. </em>London: Phaidon Press, 1949.", "page_number": "p. 24, 193, pl. 17, cat. no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Petit Palais (Paris, France). <em>La Vierge dans l'art franc\u0327ais.</em> Paris: Presses artistiques, 1950.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carnegie Institute. <em>French Painting, 1100-1900</em>. 1951.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 26.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Panofsky, Erwin. <em>Early Netherlandish Painting, Its Origins and Character. </em>1953.", "page_number": "p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dupont, Jacques, and C. Gnudi. T<em>he Great Centuries of Painting. </em>1954.", "page_number": "p. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"'A Fourteenth-Century \"Annunciation.'\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 42, no. 10 (1955).", "page_number": "pp. 215-219", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142083"}, {"citation": "<em>Art Quartely</em> vol XVIII, no. 4 (Winter 1955).", "page_number": "p. 405", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winkler, review of Early Netherlandish Painting by Erwin Panofsky, <em>Kunstchronki</em>, VIII (1955).", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "P\u00e4cht, Otto. \"Panofsky's 'Early Netherlandish Painting'-I.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 98, no. 637 (1956).", "page_number": "p. 113", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/871834"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry, \u201cA Fourteenth-Century \"Annunciation<em> \u201c Art Quarterly</em> XIX, no. 1 (Spring 1956).", "page_number": "pp. 72, 84-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Re\u0301au, Louis.<em> Iconographie De L'art Chretien</em>. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1955.", "page_number": "p. 181, footnote 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 395", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n73"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Musper, H. Theodor. <em>Gotische Malerei no\u0308rdlich der Alpen. </em>Ko\u0308ln: M. DuMont Schauberg, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 264, fig. 226", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.). <em>The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400</em>; [Exhibition]: October 23-December 2, 1962, / B. [Baltimore, Md.]: Walters Art Gallery, 1962.", "page_number": "p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Gothic Art 1360-1440.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963): 174-215.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 19, p. 157.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "\"Front Matter.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963).", "page_number": "Front Cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151958"}, {"citation": "\"Gothic Art 1360-1440.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963): 174-215.", "page_number": "p. 203", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "Bober, Harry, \"Medieval Art in Cleveland,\" <em>Apollo</em> LXXCIII (1963).", "page_number": "p. 456", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Jacques Thuillier. <em>French Painting: From Fouquet to Poussin</em>. Geneva: Skira, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. A Missal for a King. [Cleveland]: [The Museum], 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/GothicArt1963/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Eisler, Colin, \"Le Gothique International,\" <em>Art de France</em> IV (1964).", "page_number": "p. 290", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bazin, Germain. <em>Kindlers Malerei Lexikon</em>: 1000 Malersignaturen, 1200 farbige Reproducktionen, 3000 schwarzweisse Reproduktionen in sechs Ba\u0308nden. 1964.", "page_number": "p. 201", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frinta, Mojmi\u0301r Svatopluk. 1965. \"An Investigation of the Punched Decoration of Mediaeval Italian and Non-Italian Panel Paintings\".<em> Art Bulletin</em> / Ed. John Shapley [U.a.]. 261-265.", "page_number": "p. 264", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Laclotte, Michel.<em> Primitifs franc\u0327ais</em>. [Paris]: Hachette, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 14-15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Castelnuovo, Enrico.<em> Il gotico internazionale in Europa. </em>Milano: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 22, pl. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "pp. 242-243", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n269"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 1967.", "page_number": "p. 95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre, and Council of Europe. <em>L'Europe gothique, XIIe XIVe sie\u0300cles. Muse\u0301e du Louvre, Pavillon de Flore, Paris, 2 avril-1er juillet 1968. </em>Paris: Ministe\u0300re d'E\u0301tat, Affaires culturelles, 1968.", "page_number": "no. 300, p. 186", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"An Enthroned Madonna with the Writing Christ Child.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 9 (1970).", "page_number": "p. 290, 297, fig. 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152349"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21 - 24; colorplate VI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sterling, Charles. \"Fighting Animals in the Adoration of the Magi.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 10 (1974): 350-59.", "page_number": "Footnote No. 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152559"}, {"citation": "Meiss, Millard, Sharon Off Dunlap Smith, and Elizabeth H. Beatson. <em>French Painting in the Time of Jean De Berry: The Limbourgs and Their Contemporaries.</em> New York: George Braziller, 1974.", "page_number": "p. 87, 446, n. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> European Paintings Before 1500</em>. Cleveland: The Museum, 1974. .", "page_number": "pp. 21-24, cat. no. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sterling, Charles, Albert Cha\u0302telet, and Nicole Reynaud. E\u0301tudes D'art Franc\u0327ais Offerts A\u0300 Charles Sterling. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1975.", "page_number": "pp. 47-63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmidt, Gerhard. 1975. \"Zur Datierung des \"kleinen\" Bargello-Diptychons und der Verk\u00fcndigungstafel in Cleveland\". Etudes D'art Fran\u00e7ais Offertes \u00c0 Charles Sterling / R\u00e9unies Et Publi\u00e9es Par Albert Ch\u00e2telet Et Nicole Reynaud. 47-63.", "page_number": "p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Castelfranchi Vegas, Liana. <em>Romanico e gotico. </em>Milano: Fratelli Fabbri Editori, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n91"}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys, \"Dramatic Days\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts</em> (June 1979)", "page_number": "p. 454", "url": null}, {"citation": "Raeber-Keel, Ursula. <em>Spa\u0308tgotische Wandmalereien in St. </em>[i.e. Sankt] Peter zu Basel: Die Grabnische mit den Efringerwappen. Sigmaringen: J. Thorbecke, 1979.", "page_number": "p. 171, no. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moench, Esther. \"Stefano da Verona: La Quete d'Une Double Paternite\" <em>Zeitschrift Fur Kunstgeschichte</em>. 2 (1986)", "page_number": "pp. 220-228", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art. 1991.", "page_number": "p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "S\u030cebkova\u0301-Thaller, Zuzana. S<em>u\u0308nde und Verso\u0308hnung in Jan van Eycks Hochzeitsbild. </em>Markt Berolzheim: Hernoul-le-Fin Verlag, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 181, Tafel 83, no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Castelnuovo, Enrico. Vetrate medievali: officine, techniche, maestri. Torino: G. Einaudi, 1994.", "page_number": "pp. 170-171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ko\u0308nig, Eberhard. <em>Die Tre\u0300s belles heures von Jean de France duc de Berry: ein Meisterwerk an der Schwelle zur Neuzeit.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1998.", "page_number": "no. 3, p. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toman, Rolf, and Achim Bednorz. <em>The art of Gothic: architecture, sculpture, painting.</em> Ko\u0308ln: Ko\u0308nemann, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 396", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gratton, Marie. <em>Dessine-moi le myste\u0300re: regards sur l'art sacre\u0301. </em>[Montre\u0301al]: Fides, 2002.", "page_number": "pp. 32-33, 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419 : Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Cat.No.18, p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nys, Ludovic, Dominique Vanwijnsberghe, Xavier Fontaine, and Jacques Debergh. Campin in context: peinture et socie\u0301te\u0301 dans la valle\u0301e de l'Escaut a\u0300 l'e\u0301poque de Robert Campin, 1375-1445. Valenciennes: Presses universitaires de Valenciennes, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 186-187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 207, no. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. S<em>acred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 194-195, no. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stroo, Cyriel, Dominique Deneffe, Famke Peters, and Wim Fremout. <em>Pre-Eyckian panel painting in the Low Countries. </em>Primitifs Flamands I, II and III. Brussels: [Brepols], 2009.", "page_number": "p. 198, 200, fig. 12-13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fajt, Jir\u030ci\u0301, and Markus Ho\u0308rsch, eds. <em>Kaiser Karl IV., 1316-2016: erste Bayerisch-Tschechische Landesausstellung: Ausstellungskatalog</em>. Praha: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed Galerie v Praze, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 448; Reproduced: p. 449, fig. 10.8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kosina, Elena and Ulf-Dietrich Korn. Die Mittelalterlichen Glasmalereien in Niedersachsen: Ohne Lu\u0308neburg und die Heideklo\u0308ster. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag fu\u0308r Kunstwissenschaft, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56-57; Reproduced: p. 58, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fajt, Jir\u030ci\u0301. Nu\u0308rnberg als Kunstzentrum des Heiligen Ro\u0308mischen Reichs: ho\u0308fische und sta\u0308dtische Malerei in der Zeit Kaiser Karls IV. 1346-1378. Berlin : Deutscher Kunstverlag ; Prag : Nationalgalerie Prag 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122, Abb. 99, detail on p. 323, Abb. 352, detail on p. 407, abb. 455, detail on p. 514, Abb. 569", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.393", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.393/1954.393_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "893", "filesize": "599855", "filename": "1954.393_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.393/1954.393_print.jpg", "width": "2571", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8973914", "filename": "1954.393_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.393/1954.393_full.tif", "width": "4487", "height": "5932", "filesize": "79882912", "filename": "1954.393_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.393/1954.393_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "893", "filesize": "625860"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.393/1954.393_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2583", "height": "3400", "filesize": "10195703"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.393/1954.393_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4512", "height": "5938", "filesize": "80408448"}, "date_created": "2011-06-13T19:46:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.393/1954.393_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "893", "filesize": "575696"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.393/1954.393_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2566", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7088494"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.393/1954.393_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3580", "height": "4744", "filesize": "50984716"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131820, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1380, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1380s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:47:46.561000"}, {"id": 122920, "accession_number": "1943.179", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tea Caddy, 1741\u20131742. Paul Jacques de Lamerie (British, 1688\u20131751). Silver gilt; overall: 13.4 x 9.6 x 5.8 cm (5 1/4 x 3 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection, 1943.179", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Tea Caddy", "creation_date": "1741\u20131742", "creation_date_earliest": 1741, "creation_date_latest": 1742, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London, 18th century"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 13.4 x 9.6 x 5.8 cm (5 1/4 x 3 3/4 x 2 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.134, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.096, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.058, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 704978, "title": "Three Centuries of English Silver", "description": "<i>Three Centuries of English Silver</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (September 29-November 12, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-09-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 703169, "title": "The Age of Excellence: Rococo and It's Effect", "description": "<i>The Age of Excellence: Rococo and It's Effect</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (April 25-June 14, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Thomas S. [Emilie Schmidt] Grasselli [1877-1953], Shaker Heights, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1943", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The curving shape of this tea caddy is echoed by the scrolling lines and swirling naturalistic ornament on all four sides.", "description": "In the 1600s and 1700s, silver played a significant role in projecting wealth, status, power, and ritual in British life. Tea was likewise a highly valued commodity, and as such, silver caddies like this one were designed to display the social distinction of its owner. This canister\u2019s prominently sloping shoulders were designed by Paul Jacques de Lamerie in the early 1730s and became a standard form for tea caddies by the end of the decade.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778610"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.179-tea-caddy"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.179", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "826", "filesize": "189366", "filename": "1943.179_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3120", "filesize": "1532686", "filename": "1943.179_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_full.tif", "width": "5891", "height": "5405", "filesize": "95548124", "filename": "1943.179_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "900", "filesize": "131799"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1472133"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3302", "height": "4273", "filesize": "42352796"}, "date_created": "2008-05-05T16:09:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "695", "filesize": "110832"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "1234624"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.179/1943.179_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4457", "height": "3444", "filesize": "46073564"}, "date_created": "2008-05-05T15:50:42", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Thomas S. Grasselli Memorial Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122920, "creators": [{"id": 8200, "description": "Paul Jacques de Lamerie (British, 1688\u20131751)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1688", "death_year": "1751", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-04-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1741, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1741\u20131742", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:19:35.190000"}, {"id": 97166, "accession_number": "1916.802", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child with Angels, c. 1460. Follower of Fra Filippo Lippi (Italian, c. 1406\u20131469). Tempera and gold on wood panel; framed: 186.7 x 97.8 x 14 cm (73 1/2 x 38 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 95 x 53 cm (37 3/8 x 20 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Holden Collection, 1916.802", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Virgin and Child with Angels", "creation_date": "c. 1460", "creation_date_earliest": 1455, "creation_date_latest": 1465, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 15th century"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 186.7 x 97.8 x 14 cm (73 1/2 x 38 1/2 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 95 x 53 cm (37 3/8 x 20 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.867, "height_inch": 73, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.978, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.14, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.95, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.53, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "James Jackson Jarves (1818-1888)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1884", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. L.E. Holden, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1884-1916", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This painting, produced by one of Fra Filippo Lippi\u2019s many imitators in the city of Florence, is very close to the composition of the now lost central panel of the triptych commissioned by the Medici family in 1457. It was purchased by Mrs. L. E. Holden before the museum\u2019s acquisition of the two flanking panels of Saint Anthony Abbot and Saint Michael. It has been suggested that this painting is a copy of the original lost central panel of Fra Filippo\u2019s triptych of 1457.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502700"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.802-virgin-and-child-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollenden Gallery, James Jackson Jarves, and Liberty Emery Holden. <em>Handbook for Visitors to the Hollenden Gallery of Masters: Exhibited at the Boston Foreign Art Exhibition in 1883-4.</em> [Place of publication not identified]: [J.J. Jarves], 1883.", "page_number": "no. 8, p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Mary L. \"Dipinti Italiana in Cleveland, S.U.A.\" <em>Rassegna d'Arte </em>Vol. VII (Jan. 1907).", "page_number": "p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>The Florentine Painters of the Renaissance. </em>New York: Putnam's Sons, 1909.", "page_number": "pp. 167, 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burroughs, Bryson. \"Early Italian Paintings: Lent by Mrs. Liberty Emery Holden.\" <em>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</em> 7, no. 10 (1912): 174-83.", "page_number": "p. 176-7, no. 9", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3252821"}, {"citation": "Johnson, John Graver, Bernard Berenson, and Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner. <em>Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings and Some Art Objects. </em>Philadelphia: J.G. Johnson, 1913.", "page_number": "Vol. 1, p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubinstein-Bloch, Stella. <em>Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings, Etc. Presented by Mrs. Liberty E. Holden to the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1917.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19-20, cat. no. 14; Reproduced: p. 53, No. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Holden_80856/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Liberty Emery Holden, and Stella Rubinstein-Bloch. <em>Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings, Etc. Presented by Mrs. Liberty E. Holden to the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1917.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "G. U. \"The Holden Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 2 (1917): 19-34.", "page_number": "p. 19", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136067"}, {"citation": "Fogg Art Museum. <em>Collection of Mediaeval and Renaissance Paintings. </em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1919.", "page_number": "p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marle, Raimond van, and Charlotte van Marle. T<em>he Development of the Italian Schools of Painting. </em>The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1923.", "page_number": "pp. 435, 459, 463, fig. 291", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fogg Art Museum.<em> Collection of Mediaeval and Renaissance Paintings. </em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1927.", "page_number": "p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oberschall, Magda. \"Un Eleve Inconnu de Fra Filipoo Lippi,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts, </em>6e periode, Tome 4 (1930).", "page_number": "p. 220", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em><u>I</u></em><em>talian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works, with an Index of Places.</em>1932.", "page_number": "p. 450", "url": null}, {"citation": "H. S. F. \"A Tondo by Filippino Lippi.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 19, no. 9 (1932): 146-59.", "page_number": "p. 150", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137502"}, {"citation": "Pudelks, Georg, \"Per la datazione delle opere di Fra Filippo Lippi,\" <em>Rivista D'Arte,</em> ser. II, Vol. VIII (1936)", "page_number": "p. 51, note 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oertel, Robert. <em>Fra Filippo Lippi.</em> Wien: A. Schroll &amp; Co, 1942.", "page_number": "p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pittaluga, Mary. <em>Filippo Lippi. </em>Firenze: Del Turco, 1949.", "page_number": "p. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Gallery (Great Britain), and Martin Davies. <em>The Earlier Italian Schools</em>. London: Publications Dept., National Gallery, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 420", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard.<em> Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works, with an Index of Places : Florentine School</em>. London: Phaidon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "Vol. I, p. 172, Vol. II, pl. 840", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Fra Filippo Lippi: St. Michael and St. Anthony Abbot.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 10 (1964).", "page_number": "p. 235, fig. 2, footnote 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n102"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n102"}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. <em>Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. </em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "pp. 134, 343", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Louise d' Argencourt, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 84-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lippi, Filippo, and Giuseppe Marchini. Filippo Lippi. Milano: Electa, 1975.", "page_number": "pp. 211-12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levi D'Ancona, Mirella. <em>The Garden of the Renaissance: Botanical Symbolism in Italian Painting.</em> Firenze: L.S. Olschki, 1977.", "page_number": "p. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n110"}, {"citation": "Thomas, Stanton, \"Fragments of a Lost Altarpiece\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 42 no. 10, December 2002", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2002-10/page/n7"}, {"citation": "National Gallery of Art (U.S.), and Miklo\u0301s Boskovits.<em> Italian Paintings of the Fifteenth Century.</em> Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 394", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strehlke, Carl Brandon.<em> Italian Paintings, 1250-1450, in the John G. Johnson Collection and the Philadelphia Museum of Art</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2004.", "page_number": "Fig. 70.2, p. 371", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sta\u0308dtische Galerie im Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinstitut Frankfurt am Main, and Rudolf Hiller von Gaertringen. <em>Italienische Gema\u0308lde im Sta\u0308del 1300-1550</em>. Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "BRIMO, Rene\u0301. <em>L'E\u0301volution Du Gou\u0302t Aux E\u0301tats-Unis D'apre\u0300s L'histoire Des Collections.</em> 1938.", "page_number": "p. 67", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.802", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_web.jpg", "width": "526", "height": "900", "filesize": "248985", "filename": "1916.802_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_print.jpg", "width": "1987", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2980180", "filename": "1916.802_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_full.tif", "width": "7947", "height": "13596", "filesize": "324171824", "filename": "1916.802_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "495", "height": "900", "filesize": "196708"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1871", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2192996"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7703", "height": "13999", "filesize": "323531128"}, "date_created": "2025-07-21T17:39:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "504", "height": "900", "filesize": "117228"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1905", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1944982"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7835", "height": "13985", "filesize": "328743588"}, "date_created": "2025-07-21T19:55:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "548", "height": "900", "filesize": "136367"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2070", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1497171"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8133", "height": "13360", "filesize": "325997924"}, "date_created": "2025-07-21T21:08:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "479", "height": "893", "filesize": "396223"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1823", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4867646"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2681", "height": "5000", "filesize": "40234128"}, "date_created": "2005-09-01T15:03:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "479", "height": "893", "filesize": "400980"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1823", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4722769"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.802/1916.802_alt4_full.tif", "width": "2681", "height": "5000", "filesize": "40228516"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Holden Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97166, "creators": [{"id": 2197, "description": "Fra Filippo Lippi (Italian, c. 1406\u20131469)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "follower of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1406", "death_year": "1469", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1455, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1460", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madonna and Child with Angels"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:14:21.652000"}, {"id": 92936, "accession_number": "1922.1132", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Maine Coast, 1907. Rockwell Kent (American, 1882\u20131971). Oil on canvas; framed: 104.5 x 130.2 x 6.5 cm (41 1/8 x 51 1/4 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 86.4 x 111.7 cm (34 x 44 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1922.1132", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Maine Coast", "creation_date": "1907", "creation_date_earliest": 1907, "creation_date_latest": 1907, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 104.5 x 130.2 x 6.5 cm (41 1/8 x 51 1/4 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 86.4 x 111.7 cm (34 x 44 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.045, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.302, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.864, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.117, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  Rockwell Kent / 1907.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616736, "title": "Second Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting", "description": "<i>Second Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 8-July 10, 1922).", "opening_date": "1922-06-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300832, "title": "Western Landscape Painting and Drawing", "description": "<i>Western Landscape Painting and Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 29, 1954-January 6, 1955).", "opening_date": "1954-10-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310299, "title": "Reckoning with Winslow Homer: His Late Works and Their Influence", "description": "<i>Reckoning with Winslow Homer: His Late Works and Their Influence</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-November 25, 1990); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (December 16, 1990-February 10, 1991); Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (March 16-May 12, 1991).", "opening_date": "1990-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 214577, "title": "Blanketed in Snow:  American Winter Scenes", "description": "<i>Blanketed in Snow:  American Winter Scenes</i>. Norton Museum of Art (December 6, 1997-February 22, 1998); Newark Museum (March 7-May 31, 1998); Columbus Museum of Art (July 10-September 13, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-12-06T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Rockwell Kent: A Retrospective Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Lithographs, and Woodcuts</em>. Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, Syracuse, NY (January 6\u2013February 7, 1937)", "opening_date": "1937-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Made in the U.S.A.</em> Hackley Art Gallery, Muskegen, MI (\u2013November 29, 1950)", "opening_date": "1950-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Picture of the Month</em>. Thiel College, Greenville, PA (April 1\u201330, 1960)", "opening_date": "1960-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maine: 100 Artists of the 20th Century</em>. Colby College Museum of Art, Waterville, ME(June 25\u2013September 30, 1964) illus. p. 3, listed p. 34.", "opening_date": "1964-06-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Rockwell Kent: The Early Years.</em> Walker Art Museum, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME (August 15\u2013October 15, 1969)", "opening_date": "1969-08-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The American Landscape</em>. Mansfield, OH, The Mansfield Art Center,  (8 March-5 April 1981)", "opening_date": "1981-03-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, \"An Enkindled Eye:\" The Paintings of Rockwell Kent: A Retrospective Exhibition (29 June-1 September 1985); traveled to Columbus, Columbus Museum of Art (12 October-13 November 1985); to Portland, ME, Portland Museum of Art (21 January-2 March 1986); to Syracuse, NY, Everson Museum of Art (11 April-18 May 1986), pp. 15-25, cat. no. 10, illus. p. 37.", "opening_date": "1985-06-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Reckoning with Winslow Homer: His Late Paintings and Their Influence (19 September-18 November 1990); traveled to Columbus, Columbus Museum of Art (16 December 1990-10 February 1991); to Washington, D.C., The Corcoran Gallery of Art (16 March-12 May 1991), pp. 101-106, 182-183, cat. no. 74, illus. p. 102.", "opening_date": "1990-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, American Impressionism and Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915 (2 May-24 July 1994); traveled to Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum (22 August-30 October 1994); to Denver, Denver Art Museum (28 November 1994-5 February 1995); to Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (6 March-14 May 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-05-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Richmond, VA, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, America Around 1900: Impressionism, Realism, and Modern Life (12 June-17 September 1995 )", "opening_date": "1995-06-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mrs. Albert (Marie) Sterner [1880-1953], New York, NY sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1922", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1922-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1058.1922", "1132.1922"], "did_you_know": "Kent loved to paint landscapes in cold, remote areas, including Maine, Alaska, Newfoundland, and Greenland.", "description": "Located off the coast of Maine, Monhegan Island has long drawn artists attracted to its rugged headlands, brooding forests, and dramatic ocean vistas. Unlike most colleagues who visited during summer, Kent built a home and lived there year-round, working as a well digger, lobsterman, and carpenter from 1906\u20138. This boldly rendered winter scene was painted from his studio window.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106799690"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1922.1132-maine-coast"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Brunswick, ME, Walker Art Museum, Bowdoin College, <em>Rockwell Kent: The Early Years</em> (15 August-15 October 1969)", "page_number": "cat. no. 4, illus.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Second Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 9:6 (June 1922): 95-98.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glasier, Jessie C. \"Museum Gets Prize-Winning Canvases: Bellows Subject, Kent Landscape Are Acquisitions.\" <em>The Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland, OH), June 18, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum Acquires Typical Pictures by Bellows and Kent.\" <em>American Art News</em> 20:37 (24 June 1922).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Painter Exchanges Maine Pines for Scenes in South America.\" <em>The Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland, OH), Sept. 2, 1922.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Two Examples of Modern Painting: The Maine Coast, by Rockwell Kent.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 9:10 (December, 1922). pp. 171-175.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 171-172", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n38"}, {"citation": "<em>The American Magazine of Art</em>. 16 (July, 1925).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isham, Samuel, and Royal Cortissoz. <em>The History of American Painting</em>. New York, NY: Macmillan Company, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 563-564, 588-589; Reproduced: pl. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n48"}, {"citation": "Neuhaus, Eugen. <em>The History and Ideals of American Art</em>. Stanford University, CA: Stanford University Press; London: Oxford University Press, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 358-359", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pollak, Frances M., and Greta A. Cornell. \"Rockwell Kent-Painter and Graver.\" <em>The Index of Twentieth Century Artists</em>. New York, NY: Research Institute of the College Art Association, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 97, 104-110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, no. 112", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Rockwell Kent: A Retrospective Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Lithographs, and Woodcuts</em>. Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, Syracuse, NY (January 6\u2013February 7, 1937)", "page_number": "cat. no. 5, not illus.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Maine: 100 Artists of the 20th Century</em>. Colby College Museum of Art, Waterville, ME (June 25\u2013September 30, 1964)", "page_number": "illus. p. 3, listed p. 34.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Young, Mahonri Sharp. <em>American Realists, Homer to Hopper</em>. New York, NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 182; Reproduced: p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "West, Richard V. \"Rockwell Kent Reconsidered.\" <em>American Art Review</em>. 4:3 (December, 1977).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84-93, 130-136", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The American Landscape</em>. Mansfield, OH, The Mansfield Art Center,  (8 March-5 April 1981)", "page_number": "cat. no. 41, not illus", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Johnson, Fridolf. <em>Rockwell Kent: An Anthology of His Works</em>. New York, NY: Knopf, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33-34, 107-115; Reproduced: p. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Jeff. \"The Return of Rockwell Kent: A Portland Retrospective Recalls an Adventurous and Controversial Life.\" <em>Down East</em>, March 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24-28; Reproduced: pl. 26.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Antiques</em>. vol. 143 (April, 1993).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 503", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weinberg, H. Barbara, Doreen Bolger, and David Park Curry. <em>American Impressionism and Realism: The Painting of Modern Life, 1885-1915</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 73; Mentioned: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cummer Gallery of Art, Jacksonville. \"Exhibition Reviews: Fort Worth: American Impressionsim and Realism.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em>. 136:1100 (November, 1994). pp. 786-787.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 787; Reproduced: p. 787", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferris, Scott R. \"The Bestowal.\" In <em>Rockwell Kent's Forgotten Landscapes</em>. 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Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 92936, "creators": [{"id": 14219, "description": "Rockwell Kent (American, 1882\u20131971)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1882", "death_year": "1971", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1922-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1907, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1907", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:58:56.205000"}, {"id": 142738, "accession_number": "1966.447", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Parrot on a Perch , 1896\u20131903. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918), Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860\u20131903). Silver, enamel, jasper, agate, emeralds; overall: 15.3 x 7.4 cm (6 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.447", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Parrot on a Perch ", "creation_date": "1896\u20131903", "creation_date_earliest": 1896, "creation_date_latest": 1903, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "silver, enamel, jasper, agate, emeralds", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 15.3 x 7.4 cm (6 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.153, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.074, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "88, Kokoshnik, tester's initials (in Cyrillic) [assay mark for St. Petersburg, 1896-1908]; initials of workmaster Mikhail Perkhin (in Cyrillic); Faberg\u00e9 (in Cyrillic); 6817 scratched.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211192, "title": "Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (February 14-July 27, 2003); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 12, 2003-January 4, 2004); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 8-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Christie's, London, November 25, 1958, lot 152)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1958", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-1966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Tsar Nicholas and his cousins in the British royal family kept parrots and parakeets throughout their many palaces.", "description": "In creating luxurious accessories for a desk or tabletop, Faberg\u00e9 often used native hardstones such as multicolored agate and jasper, green nephrite, pink rhodonite, and rock crystal found in the Ural Mountains of western Russia. By paying careful attention to the unique colors and textures of the stones, Faberg\u00e9 and his craftsmen brought them to life, turning milky agate into a begging poodle or green and black jasper into this parrot sitting on a perch. The use of native materials also promoted Russian nationalism, which appealed greatly to the tsar and his family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751811"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.447-parrot-on-a-perch"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 14-5, cat. 3.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 109, cat. 88", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Faberge\u0301, Peter Carl, and Deborah E. Horowitz. <em>The Faberge\u0301 Menagerie</em>. London: Philip Wilson Pub, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 130, cat. 64.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/196795062"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 185, cat. 82.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henry Hawley, <em>Faberg\u00e9 and His Contemporaries </em>(Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967), 14.", "page_number": "14", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.447", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_web.jpg", "width": "647", "height": "900", "filesize": "153538", "filename": "1966.447_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_print.jpg", "width": "2445", "height": "3400", "filesize": "839126", "filename": "1966.447_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_full.tif", "width": "5992", "height": "8331", "filesize": "149782884", "filename": "1966.447_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "640", "height": "900", "filesize": "152184"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2417", "height": "3400", "filesize": "838120"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5927", "height": "8339", "filesize": "148300628"}, "date_created": "2021-09-08T20:04:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "640", "height": "900", "filesize": "155078"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2419", "height": "3400", "filesize": "850986"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5927", "height": "8329", "filesize": "148122932"}, "date_created": "2021-09-08T21:46:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "643", "height": "900", "filesize": "148685"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2430", "height": "3400", "filesize": "795106"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5927", "height": "8293", "filesize": "147482620"}, "date_created": "2021-09-08T20:24:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "71834"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "532095"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66608528"}, "date_created": "2007-08-06T19:33:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "165755"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "795627"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447/1966.447_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66616508"}, "date_created": "2007-08-06T17:39:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142738, "creators": [{"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 8914, "description": "Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "workmaster", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1860", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1896, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1896\u20131903", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:00.882000"}, {"id": 149106, "accession_number": "1977.37.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scenes of Witchcraft: Day, c. 1645\u20131649. Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615\u20131673). Oil on canvas; framed: 76.2 x 9.6 cm (30 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 54.5 cm (21 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1977.37.2", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Scenes of Witchcraft: Day", "creation_date": "c. 1645\u20131649", "creation_date_earliest": 1640, "creation_date_latest": 1654, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76.2 x 9.6 cm (30 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 54.5 cm (21 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.096, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"width": 0.545, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed: \"SR [monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 213572, "title": "Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic", "description": "<i>Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (December 12, 2010-March 27, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205152, "title": "The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa\u2019s Scenes of Witchcraft", "description": "<i>The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa\u2019s Scenes of Witchcraft</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 15-June 14, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-02-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, January 1978: Year in Review, cat. no. 42", "opening_date": "1978-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kimbell Art Museum (12/12/2010 - 3/27/2011):  \"Salvator Rosa (1615-1673): Bandits, Wilderness, and Magic\", ex. cat. no. 21b, p. 170-173.", "opening_date": "2010-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (2/15/2015 - 6/14/2015); \"The Novel and the Bizarre: Salvator Rosa's Scenes of Witchcraft\"", "opening_date": "2015-02-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Family of the Marchese Giovanni Niccolini, Florence; [Heim Gallery, London].  Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1977.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1977.40"], "did_you_know": "The artist chose the painting's shape to reference the foundational role of the circle in practicing magic.", "description": "Rosa's scene at noon showcases several hoary hags that exemplify his treatment of witches. Clutching skulls, wielding brooms, and slicing lizards, the witches prepare to travel to the Sabbath, an orgy of witches. One witch flays the skin of a thrashing lizard to extract the innards needed to concoct magical unguents, while her companions brandish skulls. Goats were the common mode of transportation for witches, but Rosa substitutes an owl, a harbinger of evil. Although Rosa foregrounds the violent cruelty of witchcraft, situating the grotesque hags in the full light of day introduces a comic aspect to the scene. Rosa's use of comedy and the unexpected to critique the world around him stemmed from the satirical poetry he wrote throughout his stay in Florence and his return to Rome in 1649. By lightening the palette and mood of the painting, Day reflects his interest in satire and his self-appointed role to expose and critique human folly.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473372"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.37.2-scenes-of-witchcraft"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Langdon, Helen. Salvator Rosa Paint and Performance. London: Reaktion Books, Limited, 2022. .", "page_number": "Chapter 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fabbri, Sara. \u201c<em>Quattro Tondi con Incantesimi </em>di Salvator Rosa nella collezione del marchese Filippo Niccolini.\u201d <em>Notizie da Palazzo Albani</em> XXXVIII (2009): 81-104.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 176B, p. 398 - 403", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Salerno, Luigi, and Ira Kohn. \"Four Witchcraft Scenes by Salvator Rosa.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 7 (September 1978): 225-231.<br>Published as: <em>Witches' Scenes</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 224-231: Reproduced: Cover; P. 224, 228-229", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159591"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.37.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "895", "filesize": "223367", "filename": "1977.37.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3382", "filesize": "2654261", "filename": "1977.37.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_full.tif", "width": "11438", "height": "11376", "filesize": "390389316", "filename": "1977.37.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "212020"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2573926"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "16000", "height": "12000", "filesize": "576032516"}, "date_created": "2014-11-17T15:53:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "903", "height": "893", "filesize": "547962"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3363", "filesize": "8946494"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4680", "height": "4630", "filesize": "65037268"}, "date_created": "2010-05-28T15:06:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "909", "height": "893", "filesize": "528919"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3339", "filesize": "8652871"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4608", "height": "4526", "filesize": "62598052"}, "date_created": "2010-05-28T15:15:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "893", "height": "893", "filesize": "459678"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7098414"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4831", "height": "4831", "filesize": "70053080"}, "date_created": "2010-05-25T15:21:56", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "891", "height": "893", "filesize": "600968"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3393", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9459245"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4864", "height": "4874", "filesize": "71159272"}, "date_created": "2010-02-22T16:09:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "895", "height": "893", "filesize": "566329"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3394", "filesize": "7399050"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.37.2/1977.37.2_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3847", "height": "3840", "filesize": "44351044"}, "date_created": "2007-01-30T18:28:05", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 149106, "creators": [{"id": 2285, "description": "Salvator Rosa (Italian, 1615\u20131673)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1615", "death_year": "1673", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1640, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1645\u20131649", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1977.37", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Scene with Witches: Day", "Witches Scenes"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:40:01.269000"}, {"id": 172828, "accession_number": "1933.2291", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Holiday on the Hudson, c. 1912. George Luks (American, 1866\u20131933). Oil on canvas; framed: 96.5 x 111.5 x 6 cm (38 x 43 7/8 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 76.2 x 91.7 cm (30 x 36 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1933.2291", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Holiday on the Hudson", "creation_date": "c. 1912", "creation_date_earliest": 1907, "creation_date_latest": 1917, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 96.5 x 111.5 x 6 cm (38 x 43 7/8 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 76.2 x 91.7 cm (30 x 36 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.965, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.115, "width_inch": 43, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.762, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.917, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  George Luks", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312153, "title": "The Eight", "description": "<i>The Eight</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 9-March 4, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-02-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304210, "title": "What Was the Armory Show?", "description": "<i>What Was the Armory Show?</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 27-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445223, "title": "George Luks 1866-1933: An Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings Dating from 1889 to 1931", "description": "<i>George Luks 1866-1933: An Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings Dating from 1889 to 1931</i>. Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (organizer) (April 1-May 20, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>An Important Collection of Paintings and Bronzes by Modern Masters of American and European Art. </em>C.W. Kraushaar Art Galleries, New York(December 3\u2013December 31, 1921)", "opening_date": "1921-12-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, C.W. Kraushaar Art Galleries,<em> Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings by George Luks</em> (8 January-27 January 1923); cat. no. 28, not illus.", "opening_date": "1923-01-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Radio City assembled by The College Art Association, (May, 1933) Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, <em>Artists of the Philadelphia Press </em>(14 October-18 November 1945), pp. 5-15, cat. no. 24, not illus., includes essays by John Sloan and Everett Shin; catalogue in The Philadelphia Museum Bulletin (November, 1945), vol. XLI, no. 207. (16 June-16 July 1933), The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art (June, 1933), pp. 98-102, listed p. 101.", "opening_date": "1933-06-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Milwaukee, Milwaukee Art Institute, <em>Sports and Adventure in American Art</em> (15 February-30 March 1947), cat. no. 50, not illus.", "opening_date": "1947-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palm Beach, Fla, <em>The Society of the Four Arts</em>, From Plymouth Rock to the Armory (9 February-5 March 1950), cat. no. 45, not illus.", "opening_date": "1950-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Vancouver, Vancouver Art Gallery, <em>Two Hundred Years of American Painting </em>(8 March-3 April 1955), cat. no. 38, illus.", "opening_date": "1955-03-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oxford, OH, Miami University, <em>Sesquicentennial Celebration </em>(15 May-15 June 1959)", "opening_date": "1959-05-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Diego, The Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego, <em>Modern American Painting: 1915</em> (6 December 1962-6 January 1963), cat. no. 30, pp. 5-9, listed p. 18, illus. on back of catalogue.", "opening_date": "1962-12-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Utica, New York, Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, <em>George Luks 1866-1933: An Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings Dating from 1889 to 1931</em> (1 April-20 May 1973); pp. 5-9, 14-19, cat. no. 83, listed p. 49, illus. p. 15.", "opening_date": "1973-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, <em>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976 </em>(6 March-11 April 1976); traveled to Detroit, Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May-13 June 1976); to Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); to Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September-10 October 1976); cat. no. 37.", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Milwaukee, Milwaukee Art Museum, <em>Painters of a New Century: The Eight &amp; American Art</em> (6 September-3 November 1991); traveled to Denver, The Denver Art Museum (7 December 1991-16 February 1992); to Ottawa, National Gallery of Canada (16 April-7 June 1992); to Brooklyn, The Brooklyn Museum (26 June-21 September 1992); cat. no. 82, listed p. 179, illus. p. 14.", "opening_date": "1991-09-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Artists of the Philadelphia Press (14 October-18 November 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-10-14T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(C. W. Kraushaar Galleries, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2231.1933", "2291.1933"], "did_you_know": "Luks often boasted about being an amateur boxing champion, but this was later revealed to be a tall tale.", "description": "A sun-dappled scene of middle-class leisure, <em>Holiday on the Hudson</em> is an atypical work by Luks, who more often turned to gritty tenement subjects for inspiration. Throughout his career, the painter fashioned himself as a brash, profane, and hard-drinking antagonist to New York\u2019s genteel art-world establishment. The museum purchased this work just four months before the artist was beaten to death in the wake of a speakeasy argument.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230189", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482529"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1933.2291-holiday-on-the-hudso"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "C. Owen Lublin, \"Arts and Decoration,\" <em>Town and Country</em> (1 February 1916), vol. 39.", "page_number": "pp. 20-21, illus. p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "New York, C.W. Kraushaar Art Galleries, <em>An Important Collection of Paintings and Bronzes by Modern Masters of American and European Art </em>(December 3\u2013December 31, 1921)", "page_number": "cat. no. 6, illus.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Memorial Note on a Picture by George Luks.\" <em>The</em> <em>Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXIII</em>, no.1 (January, 1934): 6-8.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137592"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "cat. no. 363, listed p. 134-135, not illus.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "cat. no. 127, listed p. 32, not illus.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32, no. 127", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 547", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n101"}, {"citation": "<em>The Beauty of America in Great American Art: With Selections from the Writings of Renowned American Authors</em>. Waukesha, WS. : Country Beautiful Foundation in association with W. Morrow, New York,1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n214"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n214"}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16-17; Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteen, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LX</em>, no.1 (January, 1973): 21-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, fig. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30, no. 125", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Detroit Institute of Arts, and Toledo Museum of Art. <em>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976 : </em>Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 237", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n257"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gambone, Robert L. <em>Lusty Luks: The Art, Life and Times of George Benjamin Luks</em>. San Bernardino,CA : Robert L. Gambone, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 6, 72-73, 83; reproduced: fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952/page/n19/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1933.2291", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.2291/1933.2291_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "752", "filesize": "389609", "filename": "1933.2291_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.2291/1933.2291_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2839", "filesize": "4821239", "filename": "1933.2291_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.2291/1933.2291_full.tif", "width": "11189", "height": "9344", "filesize": "313682428", "filename": "1933.2291_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.2291/1933.2291_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "680", "filesize": "304112"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.2291/1933.2291_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2570", "filesize": "3268186"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.2291/1933.2291_alt0_full.tif", "width": "14061", "height": "10627", "filesize": "448312512"}, "date_created": "2023-03-06T15:30:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.2291/1933.2291_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1066", "height": "893", "filesize": "745088"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.2291/1933.2291_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2849", "filesize": "2180193"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.2291/1933.2291_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4664", "height": "3908", "filesize": "54711780"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 172828, "creators": [{"id": 4062, "description": "George Luks (American, 1866\u20131933)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1866", "death_year": "1933", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1933-06-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1907, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1912", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:38.590000"}, {"id": 146147, "accession_number": "1971.46", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Black-Figure Dinos (Mixing Vessel): Warships (Int.); Heroic Scenes (Top), c. 520\u2013515 BCE. Circle of Antimenes Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 530\u2013510 BCE). Ceramic; diameter: 50.8 cm (20 in.); overall: 33.6 cm (13 1/4 in.); diameter of rim: 34 cm (13 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1971.46", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Black-Figure Dinos (Mixing Vessel): Warships (Int.); Heroic Scenes (Top)", "creation_date": "c. 520\u2013515 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -520, "creation_date_latest": -515, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 50.8 cm (20 in.); Overall: 33.6 cm (13 1/4 in.); Diameter of rim: 34 cm (13 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.508, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "overall": {"height": 0.336, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "diameter of rim": {"width": 0.34, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1971</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 222852, "title": "Poseidon and the Sea: Myth, Cult, and Daily Life", "description": "<i>Poseidon and the Sea: Myth, Cult, and Daily Life</i>. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, NE (February 8-May 11, 2014); Tampa Museum of Art, Tampa, FL (organizer) (June 14-November 30, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-02-08T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, Cleveland Museum of Art, (30 June-5 September 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Unable to stand on its own, this round-bottomed vessel probably once had a separately made base.", "description": "Designed for use at a symposium, or drinking party, this large <em>dinos</em> has a wide mouth allowing easy access to its contents\u2014wine mixed with water (and sometimes other ingredients for flavoring). While drinking, symposiasts would often recite poetry and celebrate the mythological exploits of gods and heroes, perhaps prompted by the images painted on their pottery. Here, the vase-painter clearly anticipated such use; when the vessel was full, the ships painted on the inside of the rim would appear to sail across the \u201cwine-dark sea\u201d (to borrow a phrase found frequently in Homer\u2019s <em>Iliad </em>and <em>Odyssey</em>)<em>.</em> Other heroic scenes, including Herakles wrestling the Nemean lion and Theseus battling the Minotaur, appear on top of the rim, interspersed with chariots and anonymous combats.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760412"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.46-black-figure-dinos-m"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 5166", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/C91A736F-1559-4362-B665-A861EB2165C6"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1971.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 1 (1972).", "page_number": "p. 40, No. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Hoffmann, Herbert, and Marion True.<em> Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts</em>, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 9, no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moon, Warren G. and Louise Berge. <em>Greek Vase-Painting in Midwestern Collections.</em> Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: pp. 110-111, cat. 63", "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0045%3Aentry%3D63"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara. \"A Trio of Late Black-Figure Vase Painters.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 2 (1979): 50-66.", "page_number": "pp. 54-57, figs. 8, 9, 11.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159617"}, {"citation": "Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae (LIMC). Zu\u0308rich: Artemis, 1981.", "page_number": "V, PL. 34, HERAKLES 1782", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 11, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burow, Johannes, and Antimenes Painter. <em>Der Antimenesmaler. </em>Mainz/Rhein: P. von Zabern, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 26 n. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n24"}, {"citation": "Brownlee, Ann. \"Antimenean Dinoi,\" in Oakley, John Howard, William D. E. Coulson, and Olga Palagia (eds.). <em>Athenian potters and painters: the conference proceedings</em> (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1997): 509-522.", "page_number": "Esp. pp. 513-517, figs. 6-8.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stansbury-O'Donnell, Mark.<em> Pictorial Narrative in Ancient Greek Art. </em>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 129-32, fig. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "pp. 27-29, pl. 63-65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pevnick, Seth D., Robert I. Curtis, Nancy Thomson De Grummond, Angeliki Kokkinou, Jeffrey Maish, William Michael Murray, and Erika Simon. <em>Poseidon and the Sea: Myth, Cult, and Daily Life. </em>2014.", "page_number": "pp. 81,159, cat. no. 92", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.46", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_web.jpg", "width": "1152", "height": "893", "filesize": "93875", "filename": "1971.46_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2635", "filesize": "652201", "filename": "1971.46_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_full.tif", "width": "7147", "height": "5541", "filesize": "118836188", "filename": "1971.46_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "881", "filesize": "61789"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2372", "filesize": "411170"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7683", "height": "5361", "filesize": "123630784"}, "date_created": "2013-04-08T14:24:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1246", "height": "893", "filesize": "61767"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2436", "filesize": "426220"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7440", "height": "5331", "filesize": "119045384"}, "date_created": "2013-04-08T14:54:32", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "93791"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "617503"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7469", "height": "5594", "filesize": "125379940"}, "date_created": "2013-04-08T15:25:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "949", "height": "893", "filesize": "113486"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3198", "filesize": "1017023"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6378", "height": "6000", "filesize": "114832752"}, "date_created": "2013-04-08T17:36:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "931", "height": "893", "filesize": "61170"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3262", "filesize": "698752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6122", "height": "5874", "filesize": "107910048"}, "date_created": "2013-04-08T18:03:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1066", "height": "893", "filesize": "536326"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "1833", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1654613"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.46/1971.46_alt5_full.tif", "width": "1833", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8449716"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146147, "creators": [{"id": 10915, "description": "Antimenes Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 530\u2013510 BCE)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "circle of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -520, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 520\u2013515 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:29:57.276000"}, {"id": 148301, "accession_number": "1975.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Birth and Naming of John the Baptist, 1496\u201399. Juan de Flandes (Netherlandish, c. 1460\u20131519). Oil on wood; framed: 99 x 60 x 7.5 cm (39 x 23 5/8 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 88.4 x 49.9 cm (34 13/16 x 19 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1975.3", "current_location": "110B Late Gothic", "title": "The Birth and Naming of John the Baptist", "creation_date": "1496\u201399", "creation_date_earliest": 1496, "creation_date_latest": 1499, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders, early 16th Century"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Renaissance", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 99 x 60 x 7.5 cm (39 x 23 5/8 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 88.4 x 49.9 cm (34 13/16 x 19 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.99, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.6, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.884, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.499, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 227326, "title": "Jan van Eyck, Early Netherlandish Painting and the South of Europe", "description": "<i>Jan van Eyck, Early Netherlandish Painting and the South of Europe</i>. Groeningemuseum, Stedelijke Musea, Brugge, Belgium (March 15-June 30, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-03-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 228447, "title": "Juan de Flandes: The Miraflores Triptych", "description": "<i>Juan de Flandes: The Miraflores Triptych</i>. Museum Mayer Van den Bergh, Antwerp, Belgium (organizer) (September 11-November 7, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-09-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 668609, "title": "Creation, Birth, and Rebirth", "description": "<i>Creation, Birth, and Rebirth</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 17, 2024-July 16, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-08-17T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Monastery of Miraflores, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Frederick Mont, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1975", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Flemish artists are famed for their attention to minute detail. Here the artist paints a domestic setting from his own time period, complete with details like a brazier for heating in the lower right corner and concave mirror above the bed.", "description": "Typical of Flemish art of the period, this scene suggests a comfortable home of the late 1400s in the Netherlands to frame the story of a biblical birth. Elizabeth, mother of Saint John the Baptist, rests after her labor, while her cousin, the Virgin Mary, presents the newborn to his father, Zacharias. Having lost his ability to speak when he doubted an angel\u2019s prophecy of the child\u2019s birth, Zacharias writes down his son\u2019s name. At this moment, his speech is restored. This painting was once part of an altarpiece commissioned by Queen Isabella I of Castile, known as the Catholic (1451\u20131504), for a monastery near Burgos.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472845"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1975.3-the-birth-and-naming"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1975.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 2 (February 1976): 31\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36; Mentioned: p. 67, no. 59", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \u201cBirth and Naming of St. John the Baptist Attributed to Juan de Flandes: A Newly Discovered Panel from a Hypothetical Altarpiece.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 5 (May 1976): 119\u2013135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 119-135, figs. 1,5,6,14, 27 and Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152638"}, {"citation": "Merrill, Ross M. \u201cA Technical Study: Birth and Naming of St. John the Baptist.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 5 (May 1976): 136\u2013145.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 136-145", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152639"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n103"}, {"citation": "Roberts-Jones, Philippe. <em>The History of Painting in Belgium: From the 14th Century Tot [Sic] the Present Day : from the Earliest Masters of the Old Southern Netherlands and the Principality of Lie\u0300ge to Our Contemporary Artists</em>. Brussels: Renaissance du Livre, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Andreas Beyer. <em>Age of Van Eyck: The Mediterranean World and Early Netherlandish Painting</em>, 1430-1530. New York, N.Y.: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2002.", "page_number": "cat. 116, fig. 245, p. 217", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elsig, Fre\u0301de\u0301ric.<em> La naissance des genres: la peinture des anciens Pays-Bas (avant 1620) au Muse\u0301e d'art et d'histoire de Gene\u0300ve</em>. Paris: Somogy, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 53, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Silva Maroto, Pilar. <em>Juan de Flandes. </em>Salamanca: Caja Duero (Salamanca). Obra Social y Cultural, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 148-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 280", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Harrison, Aidan. \"Posts, Rails, Ropes and Bed Bolts: The Early Development of the English Bed.\" <em>Regional Furniture: The Journal of the Regional Furniture Society</em> 38 (2024): p. 1-30.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; Reproduced: p. 4, fig. 1-2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Haines, Claudia, Rebekkah Hart, and Emma Lazerson. \u201cBirth.\u201d In <em>Creation and (Re)birth, </em>edited by Gerhard Lutz, and Elina Gertsman, 8-12. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 9, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rojewski, Oskar J. <em>Painter to the Queen: Michel Sittow, Courtier to Isabella of Castile and the Habsburg Dynasty.</em> Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 170-173, fig. 5.45", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.3/1975.3_web.jpg", "width": "489", "height": "893", "filesize": "312887", "filename": "1975.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.3/1975.3_print.jpg", "width": "1862", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4245655", "filename": "1975.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.3/1975.3_full.tif", "width": "3285", "height": "6000", "filesize": "59161624", "filename": "1975.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148301, "creators": [{"id": 2371, "description": "Juan de Flandes (Netherlandish, c. 1460\u20131519)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1460", "death_year": "1519", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-02-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1496, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1496\u201399", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:37:23.077000"}, {"id": 159976, "accession_number": "1997.246", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Marilyn x 100, 1962. Andy Warhol (American, 1928\u20131987). Screenprint ink and synthetic polymer paint on canvas; framed: 210.2 x 573.2 x 6.4 cm (82 3/4 x 225 11/16 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 205.7 x 567.7 cm (81 x 223 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, and Anonymous Gift, 1997.246. \u00a9 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. / Licensed by Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "229A Contemporary", "title": "Marilyn x 100", "creation_date": "1962", "creation_date_earliest": 1962, "creation_date_latest": 1962, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "screenprint ink and synthetic polymer paint on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 210.2 x 573.2 x 6.4 cm (82 3/4 x 225 11/16 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 205.7 x 567.7 cm (81 x 223 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.102, "height_inch": 82, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 5.732, "width_inch": 225, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 2.057, "height_inch": 81, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 5.677, "width_inch": 223, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc. / Licensed by Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Art of Our Time</em>. Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, 1980.", "opening_date": "1980-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Andy Warhol: A Retrospective</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York (organizer) (February 5-May 2, 1989); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Jun 3-August 13, 1989); the Hayward Gallery, London (September-November 1989); The Museum Ludwig, Cologne (November 1989-February 1990); Palazzo Reale, Milan (February-May 1990); Mus\u00e9e National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (June 21-September 10 1990)", "opening_date": "1990-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1962-1984", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Saatchi Collection, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1984-1991", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Private Collection, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1991-1997", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sold at auction to CMA, Sotheby's, New York, 1997.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997-present", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This work's palette suggests clashing representations of Marilyn Monroe: technicolor filmstrip and black-and-white newsreel footage of the 1940s and \u201950s.", "description": "The image of Marilyn Monroe in <em>Marilyn x 100,</em> the largest of Andy Warhol's many paintings featuring the celebrity, comes from a publicity still for the 1953 film <em>Niagara.</em> Warhol reproduces this iconic image through silk screening, a commercial printing technique from which the artist's hand is absent, on top of a unique underpainting made by Warhol. As was common throughout Warhol's work, <em>Marilyn x 100</em> explores the relationship\u2014and suggests overlaps\u2014among mass media, technology, pop culture, and fine art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477452"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baker, Kenneth. \"Report from London: the Saatchi Museum Opens\" <em>Art in America </em>73, no. 7 (July 1985): 23-27.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24; mentioned: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor Andy Warhol Painting Added to CMA\u2019s Permanent Collection,\u201d December 3, 1997, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4166"}, {"citation": "Bergman, Robert, \"A Defining Signifier\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 38 no. 09, November 1998", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1998-09/page/8"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 115", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergman, Robert P. \u201cA Defining Signifier.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>(November 1998)", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 8-9.", "url": null}, {"citation": "McShine, Kynaston, ed. <em>Andy Warhol, a retrospective</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 216, plate 205.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art; London Scala, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 329; mentioned p. 328.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frei, Georg and Neil Printz, eds. and Sponsored by the Thomas Ammann Fine Art Ag Zurich and The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc., New York. <em>The Andy Warhol Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9: Paintings and Sculpture 1961-1963</em>. London: Phaidon, 2002", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 246, Plate 236; mentioned 234-235.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cSotheby\u2019s Contemporary Art, Part 1, Andy Warhol\u2019s Marilyn x 100, Evening Session: Tuesday, November 17, 1992, Lot 25.\u201d New York: Sotheby\u2019s, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hicks, Alistair, ed. <em>Art of Our Time. Royal Scottish Academy</em>. Exh. Cat. Edinburgh: The Royal Scottish Academy, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced front and back covers and on p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Agee, William C., Max Weber, and Pamela N. Koob. Max Weber &amp; American Cubism. New York, NY : Rizzoli Electa, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 266, 268; Reproduced: p. 264-265, fig. 166", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.246", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, and Anonymous Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Toby's Gallery for Contemporary Art", "athena_id": 159976, "creators": [{"id": 3748, "description": "Andy Warhol (American, 1928\u20131987)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1928", "death_year": "1987", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-12-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1962, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1962", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:07.490000"}, {"id": 143152, "accession_number": "1967.134", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Descent from the Cross, 1653. Adam Lenckhardt (German, 1610\u20131661). Ivory; overall: 44.8 x 16.5 x 12.1 cm (17 5/8 x 6 1/2 x 4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1967.134", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Descent from the Cross", "creation_date": "1653", "creation_date_earliest": 1653, "creation_date_latest": 1653, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 44.8 x 16.5 x 12.1 cm (17 5/8 x 6 1/2 x 4 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.448, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.165, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.121, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed with monogram \"AL\" conjoined and dated 1653.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Art Treasurers of the United Kingdom.</em> Manchester (1857).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Prince Karl Eusebius von Liechtenstein, Vienna (1611-1684), 1653 - after 1678", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Robert Napier, England, by 1857 - 1865", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Fazackerley Collection, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sold by Cyril Humphris, Ltd., London, to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Carved from a single elephant tusk, the artist took special care to ensure the ivory did not crack or break as he meticulously crafted each figure in this visually exciting sculpture. Look closely to find tools and small objects included near its base.", "description": "Carved from a single piece of ivory for Prince Karl Eusebius von Liechtenstein of Vienna, this work is a true tour-de-force. It took Lenckhardt seven years to complete; it is his last known sculpture and the pinnacle of his career. The biblical accounts of the descent from the cross found in the gospels are not consistent, which may contribute to the difficulty in precisely identifying the figures. The Virgin Mary, Saint John, Mary Magdalene, and others were said to be present, but undoubtedly there are other disciples here mourning Christ\u2019s death. The intense emotion registers on the faces of the figures in the scrupulous and exquisitely detailed work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781010"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.134-descent-from-the-cro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Napier, Robert, and J. C. Robinson. <em>Catalogue of the Works of Art Forming the Collection of Robert Napier</em>. London, United Kingdom: Priv. Print, 1865.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 1085 (as Algardi)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fleischer, Victor. <em>Fu\u0308rst Karl Eusebius von Liechtenstein als Bauherr und Kunstsammler (1611-1684)</em>. Vienna, Austria and Leipzig,Germany: C.W. Stern, 1910.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36-37, p. 225-226", "url": null}, {"citation": "Braun-Troppau, E. W. \"Der Wiener Elfenbeinbildhauer Adam Lenckhardt.\" <em>Kunst und Kunsthandwerk </em>XVI (1913): 318-320.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 318", "url": null}, {"citation": "Born, Wolfgang. \"A Newly Discovered Masterpiece of Adam Lenckhardt.\" <em>Apollo</em> XXIII, no. 133 (January 1936): 41-45,", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schikola, Gertraut. \"Wiener Plastik der Renaissance und des Barocks.\"  In <em>Geschichte der Bildenden Kunst in Wien, </em>Verein fu\u0308r Geschichte der Stadt Wien, 85-162. Wien: Der Verein, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spaeth, Eloise. <em>American Art Museums and Galleries: An Introduction to Looking</em>. New York, NY: Harper &amp; Brothers, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Theuerkauff, Christian. \"Der Elfenbeinbildhauer Adam Lenckhardt.\" <em>Jahrbuch der Hamburger Kunstsammlungen</em> X (1965): 27-70.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30-31, 56-58, 62, 65, 68, 69, 70; reproduced: p. 59, figure 27.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sch\u00e4dler, Alfred. \"Der Ulmer Bildhauer und Elfenbein-schnitzer David Heschler (1611-1667).\" . In <em>Studien zur Geschichte der europa\u0308ischen Plastik; Festschrift, Theodor Mu\u0308ller, zum 19, April 1965. </em>Kurt Martin, and Theodor Mu\u0308ller, 293-302. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer Verlag, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 10 (1967): 302-46.", "page_number": "Referenced: no. 13, p. 341, Reproduced: p. 311", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"An Ivory Deposition.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LV</em>, no. 11 (November, 1968): 290-293.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290, p. 292, p. 293", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> LXXI, no. 1189 (February 1968): 1-140.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61, no. 236", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>Art Quarterly</em> XXXI, no. 2 (Summer 1968): 205-232.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n153"}, {"citation": "Theurerkauff, Christian. \"Scultura Barocca in Avorio: Nuove Attribuzioni ad Adam Lenckhardt e a Dominicus Stainhart.\"<em> Antichit\u00e0 Viva </em>X, no. 2 (February 1971): 33-51.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 34, 35, 37-38, 46; reproduced: p. 42, figs. 15, 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. <em>Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Dissertation, Cleveland, OH: Cast Western Reserve University, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 372", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baumstark, Reinhold, and Peter Volk. <em>Apoll schindet Marsyas: u\u0308ber das Schreckliche in der Kunst ; Adam Lenckhardts Elfenbeingruppe ; </em>[Katalog zur Ausstellung des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums, Mu\u0308nchen, 15. Ma\u0308rz bis 18. Juni 1995]. 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Theurerkauff, Christian. \"Baroque Ivories from the Collection of Anselm Salomon van Rothschild in Vienna.\" <em>Apollo</em> 157 (February 2003): 15-25.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16, no. 492", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202-203", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "\"Collections. Personal Favorite from the Archives.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 4 (July/August): 16.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-04"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 19", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.134", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.134/1967.134_web.jpg", "width": "586", "height": "893", "filesize": "264785", "filename": "1967.134_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.134/1967.134_print.jpg", "width": "2233", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3964207", "filename": "1967.134_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.134/1967.134_full.tif", "width": "4008", "height": "6100", 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143152, "creators": [{"id": 12907, "description": "Adam Lenckhardt (German, 1610\u20131661)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1610", "death_year": "1661", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1653, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1653", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:21:35.492000"}, {"id": 99443, "accession_number": "1919.1016", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jeremiah Belknap, c. 1758. Joseph Badger (American, 1708\u20131765). Oil on canvas; framed: 121.9 x 97.2 x 7.6 cm (48 x 38 1/4 x 3 in.); unframed: 107 x 84 cm (42 1/8 x 33 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1919.1016", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Jeremiah Belknap", "creation_date": "c. 1758", "creation_date_earliest": 1753, "creation_date_latest": 1763, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 121.9 x 97.2 x 7.6 cm (48 x 38 1/4 x 3 in.); Unframed: 107 x 84 cm (42 1/8 x 33 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.219, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.972, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 1.07, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.84, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315762, "title": "Four Centuries of American Art", "description": "<i>Four Centuries of American Art</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Arts, MN (organizer) (co-organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, <em>Exhibition of Early American Portraits </em>(20 January-8 March 1925), cat. no. 1.", "opening_date": "1925-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Minneapolis, University Gallery, University of Minnesota,<em> Survey of Colonial and Provincial Painting</em> (1 February-1 March 1939), cat. no. 2, illus. p. 12.", "opening_date": "1939-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palm Beach, FL, <em>The Society of the Four Arts, From Plymouth Rock to the Armory</em> (9 February-5 March 1950), cat. no. 1.", "opening_date": "1950-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron, OH, Akron Art Institute, <em>Survey of 19th Century American Paintings</em> (November 2\u2013December 15, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-11-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Elrich Galleries, New York 1919", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["564.19"], "did_you_know": "Badger was also a glazier, a tradesman who fits glass into doors and windows.", "description": "Lacking formal training, Badger got his start painting houses and signs in Boston, then shifted his focus to accommodate the increasing market for portraits in the colonies. Jeremiah Belknap is shown here at about 7 years old, but his attire gives him the appearance of a miniature adult. The artist\u2019s portraits of children often include fruit and animals\u2014the ripening peach in Belknap\u2019s right hand suggests maturation, while the dog at his feet symbolizes loyalty.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503170"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.1016-jeremiah-belknap"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, <em>Exhibition of Early American Portraits </em>(20 January-8 March 1925)", "page_number": "cat. no. 1.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Accessions.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 5 (1919): 97-98.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 97", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136292"}, {"citation": "L. P. \"Portrait of Jeremiah Belknap by Joseph Badger.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 7/8 (1919): 123-25.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp.123-125", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136307"}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \"Report on the Department of Colonial Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 7/8 (1919): 130-31.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.130", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136313"}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \"Joseph Badger of Boston, and His Portraits of Children.\" <em>Old-Time New England</em> 13, no.3 (January 1923). Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, Boston, MA.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.103-105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute.<em> Exhibition of Early American Portraits</em>. Exh. Cat. 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Cat. No.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bayley, Frank W. <em>Five Colonial Artists of New England: Joseph Badger, Joseph Blackburn, John Singleton Copley, Robert Feke, John Smibert</em>. Boston, MA: Privately Printed, 1929.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.27 (as \"John Joy, Jr.\")", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition: June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20; cat. no. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "University of Minnesota.<em> Survey of Colonial and Provincial Painting</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.36; Reproduced: p.12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Barker, Virgil. <em>American Painting, History and Interpretation</em>. New York, NY: The Macmillan Company, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.124", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Society of the Four Arts. <em>From Plymouth Rock to the Armory</em>. Exh. Cat. Palm Beach, FL: The Society of the Four Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Ca. No.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Larkin, Oliver W. <em>Art and Life in America</em>. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.52; Reproduced: p.50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Minneapolis Institute of Arts, and Forrest Selvig. <em>Four Centuries of American Art</em>. Minneapolis, MN: The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nylander, Richard C. \"Joseph Badger, American Portrait Painter.\" MA Thesis, State University of New York College at Oneonta at its Cooperstown Graduate Programs, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no.1 (January 1973).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.22", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan <em>Chong. European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.6", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.1016", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1016/1919.1016_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "392926", "filename": "1919.1016_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1016/1919.1016_print.jpg", "width": "2684", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5223306", "filename": "1919.1016_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1016/1919.1016_full.tif", "width": "3592", "height": "4551", "filesize": "49056616", "filename": "1919.1016_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 99443, "creators": [{"id": 2547, "description": "Joseph Badger (American, 1708\u20131765)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1708", "death_year": "1765", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-03-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1753, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1758", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:22:15.907000"}, {"id": 125247, "accession_number": "1947.207", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Isabella Brant, c. 1620\u201325. Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577\u20131640). Oil on wood; framed: 83 x 73.5 x 9 cm (32 11/16 x 28 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 53 x 46 cm (20 7/8 x 18 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1947.207", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Portrait of Isabella Brant", "creation_date": "c. 1620\u201325", "creation_date_earliest": 1620, "creation_date_latest": 1625, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Flemish", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 83 x 73.5 x 9 cm (32 11/16 x 28 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 53 x 46 cm (20 7/8 x 18 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.83, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.735, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.53, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.46, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311953, "title": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts", "description": "<i>Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30-November 13, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 455460, "title": "Peter Paul Rubens", "description": "<i>Peter Paul Rubens</i>. Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp (organizer) (June 28-October 2, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-06-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220890, "title": "Rubens", "description": "<i>Rubens</i>. Palais des Beaux Arts de Lille, Lille, France (organizer) (March 6-June 14, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220345, "title": "Rubens in Private", "description": "<i>Rubens in Private</i>. Rubenshuis, Antwerpen, Belgium (organizer) (March 28-June 28, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-03-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 304921, "title": "The Early Celebrity of Peter Paul Rubens", "description": "<i>The Early Celebrity of Peter Paul Rubens</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (April 6-September 2, 2019); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (October 5, 2019-January 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-04-06T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Fifty Paintings by Old Masters, Art Gallery of Toronto, April 21- May 21, 1950, no. 40.", "opening_date": "1950-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Belgium, The Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp, 1977: \"P.P Rubens: Paintings, Oil Sketches, Drawings,\" cat. no. 58, repr.", "opening_date": "1977-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 1- Nov. 10, 1963, no. 21 (repr.) June 29- September 30, 1977.", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "P. P. Rubens Paintings, Oil Sketches, Drawings, Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Antwerp, 1977, cat. no. 58, illus.", "opening_date": "1977-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "A Tribute to Rubens: 400th anniversary of Peter Paul Rubens' Birth. The Cleveland Museum of Art, May- June 1977. (No catalogue: see label copy.)", "opening_date": "1977-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual, November 22, 1983- January 1984, The Cleveland Museum of Art (checklist)", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille \"Rubens\": (3/6/2004 - 6/14/2004), exh. cat. no. 68, p. 128,130.", "opening_date": "2004-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rubenshuis, Antwerp, Belgium (3/28/2015 - 6/28/2015): \"Rubens in Private\"", "opening_date": "2015-03-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1947-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Rosenberg and Stiebel and Pinakos, Inc./Rudolf Heinemann, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Burchard and Raphael Rosenberg first began corresponding about the Rubens in March 1945, and it seems that Rosenberg and Stiebel made the decision to purchase the painting that month. Saemy Rosenberg mentions a letter of March 27, 1945 in which Raphael Rosenberg writes that Burchard\u2019s \u201cfavorable opinion\u201d of the Rubens \u201cencouraged [them] to buy the painting.\u201d&nbsp; Several photographs in the Rubenianum\u2019s file on the painting are marked with annotations stating that the painting was with Rosenberg and Stiebel beginning in November 1945, the month in which the purchase must have taken place.&nbsp; Pinakos, Inc., owned by Rudolf Heinemann, often partnered with Rosenberg and Stiebel in the purchase of paintings.&nbsp; Each firm owned a half-share in the Rubens painting, but because Pinakos is not mentioned in the above correspondence, Rosenberg and Stiebel may have sold the half-share following their initial purchase of the painting in November 1945.&nbsp; In the fall of 1946, CMA director William Milliken and curator Henry Sayles Francis saw the painting at Rosenberg and Stiebel in New York, but at the time, the museum was not in a position to purchase it.&nbsp; In April 1947, Francis writes to Saemy Rosenberg to say that the museum would like to consider the painting, if it was still available, for the collection.&nbsp; &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1947", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Heirs of Marcus Kappel, sold to Rosenberg and Stiebel with Pinakos, Inc./Rudolf Heinemann", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->It is unclear which Kappel heirs inherited the Rubens and ultimately sold it to Rosenberg and Stiebel, whose files apparently do not name the seller of the painting.&nbsp; In a letter to Raphael Rosenberg dated May 28th, 1946, Ludwig Burchard simply states: \u201cafter Marcus Kappel\u2019s death, the picture remained in the possession of the family.\u201d &nbsp; A notation on the back of photograph of the Rubens in the files of the Rubenianum reads, \u201cNov. 1945 in America den Kappel-Erben abgekauft von Rosenberg &amp; Stiebel, New York.\u201d&nbsp; The heir(s) may have been Ellen Rathenau-Ettlinger and/or Ernst Rathenau, Kappel\u2019s grandchildren, who inherited a number of works from their grandfather\u2019s collection.&nbsp; While there is no definitive confirmation that they were in possession of the painting throughout the war, there is also no indication that they were not, and no documentation suggests that the painting was seized by the Nazis. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1930-1947", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Kappel estate sale, Paul Cassirer und Hugo Helbing, Berlin, Nov. 25, 1930, no. 16, withdrawn)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->An annotation in the Rubenianum's copy of this sale catalogue indicates that the painting was withdrawn because it failed to meet its reserve price: \"Limite R[eichs] M[ark] 150.000\".&nbsp; Rubens scholar Ludwig Burchard wrote on the back of one of the Rubenianum's file photographs of the Rubens, \u201cPhoto Erhalten 27. Febr. 1930 durch Caspari, M\u00fcnchen.\u201d The role Galerie Caspari played, if any, in the painting\u2019s provenance is unclear.&nbsp; The gallery may have merely supplied the photograph.&nbsp; However, Caspari and Cassirer do appear adjacent to one another in the provenances of several other paintings, and so some transaction involving the painting may have taken place; perhaps the Kappel heirs first consigned the painting to Galerie Caspari, and after it failed to sell, it was consigned to Cassirer/Helbing for sale at auction. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1930", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Estate of Marcus Kappel", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919-1930", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Marcus Kappel [1839-1919], Berlin", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914-1919", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Hugh Blaker [1873\u20131936], Old Isleworth, Middlesex, England, sold to Marcus Kappel", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->It is not certain whether Blaker acted as owner or dealer in this case, but given that he dealt in Old Masters and had the painting for no more than a year, the latter is more likely.</div>"], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Glanusk sale, Sotheby's, London, April 29, 1914, no. 88, sold to Hugh Blaker)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Lord Glanusk", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "First, Rubens painted Isabella\u2019s face, then at a later date he added hands.", "description": "Isabella Brant was Rubens\u2019s first wife. He painted her many times in many different ways before she died at the age of 35 (she is a model for a nymph in the other work by Rubens in this room). This intimate portrait, painted at least five years before her death, suggests the close relationship between the painter and sitter through the warm palette, the luscious brushstrokes, and her lively expression.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515408"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.207-portrait-of-isabella"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vlieghe, Hans, Ludwig Burchard, and Antoine Seilern. <em>Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard: An Illustrated Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Work of Peter Paul Rubens Based on the Material Assembled by the Late Dr. Ludwig Burchard in Twenty-Six Parts ; Part 19</em>. London: H. Miller, 1987.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael.  <em>Rubens: catalogo completo. </em>Milano: Rizzoli, 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, March 15, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bert Watteuw, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Nov. 27, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Henry Sayles Francis, letter to Saemy Rosenberg, April 9, 1947, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vlieghe, Hans, Ludwig Burchard, and Antoine Seilern. <em>Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard: An Illustrated Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Work of Peter Paul Rubens Based on the Material Assembled by the Late Dr. Ludwig Burchard in Twenty-Six Parts ; Part 19</em>. London: H. Miller, 1987.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, March 15, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bert Watteuw, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Nov. 27, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bert Watteuw, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, April 13, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bert Watteuw, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, April 23, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Walter Feilchenfeldt, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Dec. 12, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bert Watteuw, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Nov. 27, 2014, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, June 26, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Sept. 19, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vlieghe, Hans, Ludwig Burchard, and Antoine Seilern. <em>Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard: An Illustrated Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 of the Work of Peter Paul Rubens Based on the Material Assembled by the Late Dr. Ludwig Burchard in Twenty-Six Parts; Part 19</em>. London: H. Miller, 1987.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael.  <em>Rubens: catalogo completo. </em>Milano: Rizzoli, 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby, Wilkinson and Hodge (London). <em>Catalogue of Ancient and Modern Pictures and Drawings in Water-Colours and Pastel Comprising Properties from Various Sources and Private Collections, and Including the Property of Lord Glanusk</em>.  April 29, 1914.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby, Wilkinson and Hodge (London). <em>Catalogue of Ancient and Modern Pictures and Drawings in Water-Colours and Pastel Comprising Properties from Various Sources and Private Collections, and Including the Property of Lord Glanusk</em>.  April 29, 1914.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Glu\u0308ck, Gustav. <em>Rubens, Van Dyck und ihr Kreis</em>. Wien, Austria: Schroll, 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95, 385", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gijsen, Marnix, and Julius S. Held. <em>Rubens in America</em>. New York, NY: Pantheon, 1947.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26, pl. XI", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> XXXIV, (December, 1947): 247-249.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247-249; Reproduced: p. 245 (cover)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"'Portrait of Isabella Brant' by Peter Paul Rubens.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 10 (December 1947): 247-249.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 248", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141417"}, {"citation": "Art Gallery of Toronto. <em>Fifty Paintings by Old Masters. The Art Gallery of Toronto. April 21-May 21, 1950</em>. Toronto, Ontario,1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bode, Wilhelm von, and Eduard Plietzsch. <em>Die Meister der holla\u0308ndischen und fla\u0308mischen Malerschulen</em>. Leipzig, Germany: E.A. Seemann, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 417; Mentioned: p. 425", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larsen, Erik. <em>P.P. Rubens</em>. Antwerp, Belgium: De Sikkel, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 148-149", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 442", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Held, Julius S. <em>Rubens; Selected Drawings</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon Press, 1959.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Diana and Her Nymphs Departing for the Chase.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>47, no. 2 (February 1960): 19-27.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21; Mentioned: p. 23", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142378"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. Style, Truth, and the Portrait. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: Cat. no. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n143"}, {"citation": "Aymar, Gordon Christian. <em>The Art of Portrait Painting; Portraits Through the Centuries As Seen Through the Eyes of a Practicing Portrait Painter</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Chilton Book Co, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129, pl. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cabanne, Pierre. <em>Rubens</em>. London, United Kingdom : Thames &amp; Hudson. 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n143"}, {"citation": "Rubens, Peter Paul, and Didier Bodart. <em>Rubens e la pittura fiamminga del Seicento nelle collezioni pubbliche fiorentine = Rubens et la peinture flamande du XVIIe\u0300me sie\u0300cle dans les collections publiques florentines : Firenze, Palazzo Pitti, 22. VII-9.X. 1977 : catalogo</em>. Firenze, Italy: Centro Di, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten. <em>P.P. Rubens: Paintings-Oilsketches-Drawings : [Exhibition], 29th June-30th September 1977</em>. Antwerp, Belgium: Royal Museum of Fine Arts, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n174"}, {"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 3. European paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.</em> Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue Series. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 24-28, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heiden, Ru\u0308diger an der. <em>Peter Paul Rubens und die Bildnisse seiner Familie in der Alten Pinakothek</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Hirmer, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12; Reproduced: p. 13, pl 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larson, Dean M. <em>Studying with the Masters: Lessons from Rubens, Vela\u0301zquez, Turner, Degas, Monet, Sargent, Matisse</em>. New York, NY: Watson-Guptill Publications, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gema\u0308ldegalerie (Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz). <em>Masterworks of the Gema\u0308ldegalerie, Berlin: with a history of the collection</em>. New York, NY: Abrams, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burchard, Ludwig. <em>Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchard: An Illustrated Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Work of Peter Paul Rubens Based on the Material Assembled by the Late Dr. Ludwig Burchard in Twenty-Six Parts</em>. 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54-55, vol.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaffe\u0301, Michael. <em>Rubens: catalogo completo</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 264-265; Reproduced: no, 786", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bauman, Guy, and Walter A. Liedtke. <em>Flemish Paintings in America: A Survey of Early Netherlandish and Flemish Paintings in the Public Collections of North America</em>. Antwerp, Belgium: Fonds Mercator, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 359, fig. 391", "url": null}, {"citation": "Takahashi, Yu\u0304ko. <em>Ru\u0304bensu = Peter Paul Rubens</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mallory, Nina A. <em>La pintura flamenca del siglo XVII</em>. Madrid, Spain: Alianza, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dalemans, Rene\u0301, and Peter Paul Rubens. <em>Rubens et son temps</em>. Brussels, Belgium: Editions Artis-Historia, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 70-71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jiminez, Jill Berk, and Joanna Banham. <em>Dictionary of Artists' Models</em>. London, United Kingdom: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Rubens: Lille, Palais Des Beaux-Arts, 6 March-14 June 2004</em>. Gent, Belgium: Snoeck, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128, no. 68; Mentioned: p.130", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schro\u0308der,Klaus Albrecht, Heinz Widauer, and Anne-Marie S. Logan. <em>Peter Paul Rubens</em>. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 350, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tijs, Rutger J. <em>De andere Rubens: activiteiten, interesses, leefwereld</em>. Leuven, Belgium: Davidsfonds, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 216-217", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brejon de Lavergne\u0301e, Barbara, Miche\u0300le Moyne, and Annie Scottez-De Wambrechies. <em>Catalogue des dessins franc\u0327ais du XIXe sie\u0300cle: collection du Palais des beaux-arts de Lille</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128, 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wheelock, Arthur K. <em>Flemish Paintings of the Seventeenth Century</em>. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 186-187", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 186-187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vergara, Alexander, and Friso Lammertse. <em>The Young Van Dyck</em>. London, United Kingdom: Thames &amp; Hudson. 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 330, fig. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beneden, Ben van, and Nils Bu\u0308ttner. <em>Rubens in Private: The Master Portrays His Family</em>. London, United Kingdom: Thames &amp; Hudson Ltd., 2015.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean-Pierre, et. al. <em>Le Saint Joseph Charpentier de Georges de la Tour: Un Don au Louvre de Percy Moore Turner. </em>[Gent]: Snoeck, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 225 & 492, n. 2696; p. 230 & 493, n. 2773", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hauspie, Gunter. <em> The Peter Paul Rubens Atlas</em>. Tiel: Lannoo, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dijn, Rosine de. <em>De vrouwen van Rubens</em>. Kalmthout, Belgi\u00eb: Polis, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.[9]; color plate section", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lyon, J. Vanessa. <em>Figuring Faith and Female Power in the Art of Rubens.</em> Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 74-75, fig. 1.22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952/page/n27/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.207", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.207/1947.207_web.jpg", "width": "756", "height": "893", "filesize": "411509", "filename": "1947.207_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.207/1947.207_print.jpg", "width": "2877", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5366387", "filename": "1947.207_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.207/1947.207_full.tif", "width": "3858", "height": "4560", "filesize": "52809164", "filename": "1947.207_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 125247, "creators": [{"id": 1251, "description": "Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577\u20131640)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1577", "death_year": "1640", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-07-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1620, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1620\u201325", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of Isabella Brandt"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:28:05.688000"}, {"id": 157016, "accession_number": "1993.165", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Statuette of a Woman: \"The Stargazer\", c. 3000 BCE. Western Anatolia, early Bronze Age (c. 3300\u20131200 BCE). Marble; overall: 17.2 x 6.5 x 6.3 cm (6 3/4 x 2 9/16 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; John L. Severance Fund, 1993.165", "current_location": "102A Ancient Near East", "title": "Statuette of a Woman: \"The Stargazer\"", "creation_date": "c. 3000 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -3005, "creation_date_latest": -2995, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Western Anatolia, early Bronze Age (c. 3300\u20131200 BCE)"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Near Eastern Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 17.2 x 6.5 x 6.3 cm (6 3/4 x 2 9/16 x 2 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.172, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.065, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.063, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Thou Shalt Have No Other Gods Before Me</em>, The Jewish Museum, New York, NY (5/3/1964 - 9/6/1964).", "opening_date": "1964-05-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Permanent Gallery Display</em>, The Museum of Primitive Art (on loan from the Nelson Rockefeller Collection) (1962)", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Cycladic Art</em>, Merrin Gallery, New York, NY (3/8/1990 - 4/12/1990)", "opening_date": "1990-03-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Said to have been found near K\u0131r\u015fehir, Turkey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Nelson Rockefeller", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1962", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Melba Davis Whatley Greenlee, Austin, Texas", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Harmon Fine Arts Collection, Leonard Norman Stern, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1993-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "We can identify this mysterious figure as female by the inscribed pubic triangle below her waist.", "description": "\"The Stargazer\" moniker was given to this diminutive marble sculpture because its upturned head looks toward the heavens. Details carved into the stone are visible while painted features have been lost to time. We do not know how this object was used, but its enigmatic nature invites speculation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60748615"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1993.165-statuette-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Farkas, Ann. <em>Thou Shalt Have No Other Gods Before Me</em>: [May 3 to September 6, 1964, the Jewish Museum New York]. New York, NY: Jewish Museum, 1964.", "page_number": "No.118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Merrin Gallery. <em>Masterpieces of Cycladic Art from Private Collections</em>, Museums and the Merrin Gallery. 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"Recent Acquisition: Stargazer.\" <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Member Magazine </em>33-34 (1993-1994).", "page_number": "p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cArt Museum Acquires Two Exceptional Works,\u201d December 20, 1993, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr3848"}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Museum Turns Loss into Gain via Insurance.\" <em>The Cleveland Plain Dealer, </em>January 1, 1994.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1993 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (1994): 143-218.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152; Mentioned: p. 158", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle, K., \"Stargazer\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 35 no. 02, February 1995", "page_number": "Mentioned & produced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1995-02/page/6"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "No. 1, p. 6 & 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>Director's Choice: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10 - 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 8, 14-15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>Statuette of a Woman: The Stargazer</em> is<em> a \u201cmust see\u201d at the CMA. </em>CMA Thinker Blog on Medium. Feb. 1, 2019.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/statuette-of-a-woman-the-stargazer-is-a-must-see-at-the-cma-3d2d64115c7d"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1993.165", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.165/1993.165_web.jpg", "width": "611", "height": "893", "filesize": "165978", "filename": "1993.165_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.165/1993.165_print.jpg", "width": "2326", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2850837", "filename": "1993.165_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.165/1993.165_full.tif", "width": "3420", "height": "5000", "filesize": "51331136", "filename": "1993.165_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.165/1993.165_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "272731"}, "print": {"url": 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""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "84cd036f133e449ba7e67d33eb8047ee", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/84cd036f133e449ba7e67d33eb8047ee", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 157016, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1993-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -3005, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 3000 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:05.333000"}, {"id": 147576, "accession_number": "1973.74", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mirror with Phoenixes, Birds, Butterflies, and Floral Sprays (\u91d1\u9280\u5e73\u812b\u82b1\u9ce5\u93e1), 700s. China, Tang dynasty (618-907). Bronze with silver and gold inlaid lacquer; diameter: 19.2 cm (7 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1973.74", "current_location": "239 Chinese Ceramics and Metalwork", "title": "Mirror with Phoenixes, Birds, Butterflies, and Floral Sprays", "title_in_original_language": "\u91d1\u9280\u5e73\u812b\u82b1\u9ce5\u93e1", "creation_date": "700s", "creation_date_earliest": 700, "creation_date_latest": 799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Tang dynasty (618-907)"], "technique": "bronze with silver and gold inlaid lacquer", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Tang Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Diameter: 19.2 cm (7 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.192, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309838, "title": "Mirrors: Art and Symbol", "description": "<i>Mirrors: Art and Symbol</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 3-November 18, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-07-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 193152, "title": "Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors", "description": "<i>Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17-November 26, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222590, "title": "China: The Dawn of the Golden Age (200 - 750 AD)", "description": "<i>China: The Dawn of the Golden Age (200 - 750 AD)</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 5, 2004-January 23, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. 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Luxury items like this had been used by the Tang emperor as diplomatic gifts. A similar example from the Japanese imperial collection of Emperor Sh\u014dmu was donated by Empress K\u014dmy\u014d in 756 to the Sh\u014ds\u014d-in repository of the T\u014ddai-ji Temple, Nara, Japan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758209"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.74-mirror-with-phoenixe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1973.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 2 (1974): 31-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 185, pp. 31 and 79; Reproduced: no. 185, p. 65", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 333", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n353"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 42-43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi. <em>Circles of reflection: the Carter collection of Chinese bronze mirrors</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, p. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watt, James C. Y., and Prudence Oliver Harper. <em>China: Dawn of a Golden Age, 200-750 AD</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 217, p. 322", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/56691"}, {"citation": "Yen, Chuan-Ying. \"The Decorative Motifs on Tang Dynasty Mirrors.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 9 (2005): 1-10.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 5,  fig. 8", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20079750"}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"A Connoisseur's Eye, A Scholar's Mind: The Legacy of Sherman Lee.\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 40, no. 5 (2009).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, fig. 4", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.74", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.74/1973.74_web.jpg", "width": "930", "height": "893", "filesize": "621586", "filename": "1973.74_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.74/1973.74_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3266", "filesize": "8283325", "filename": "1973.74_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.74/1973.74_full.tif", "width": "5026", "height": "4828", "filesize": "72818252", "filename": "1973.74_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.74/1973.74_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "893", "filesize": "621484"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.74/1973.74_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3373", "filesize": "8750472"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.74/1973.74_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5032", "height": "4992", "filesize": "75380752"}, "date_created": "2009-06-05T12:46:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.74/1973.74_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "705845"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.74/1973.74_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1920", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2227474"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.74/1973.74_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1920", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8850612"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147576, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mirror with Phoenixes and Floral Sprays"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:34:19.766000"}, {"id": 134843, "accession_number": "1957.40", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Brush Washer (\u6c5d\u74f7\u7b46\u6d17\u76e4), late 1000s\u20131127. China, Henan Province, Baofeng, Qingliangsi, Northern Song dynasty (960-1127). Porcelaneous stoneware, Ru ware; diameter: 12.8 cm (5 1/16 in.); overall: 3.8 cm (1 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1957.40", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Brush Washer", "title_in_original_language": "\u6c5d\u74f7\u7b46\u6d17\u76e4", "creation_date": "late 1000s\u20131127", "creation_date_earliest": 1075, "creation_date_latest": 1127, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Henan Province, Baofeng, Qingliangsi, Northern Song dynasty (960-1127)"], "technique": "porcelaneous stoneware, Ru ware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Song Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 12.8 cm (5 1/16 in.); Overall: 3.8 cm (1 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.128, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "overall": {"height": 0.038, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The World of Ceramics - Masterpieces from The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 30-September 5, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Men-chu Wang, Beijing, China. Seller's No. 18", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1957\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The little black spot in the glaze inside the dish is one of the slight imperfections characteristic of genuine Ru ware.", "description": "Ru ware is the rarest and most celebrated of all Chinese imperial wares. It was made for the late Northern Song court for a very short time and was therefore extremely rare and precious. Simplicity and refined elegance are Ru ware's hallmarks. Its graceful shape, soft luster, and subtle color variation of the glaze interact in perfect unity. Other physical characteristics include an ash-grey body, soft greyblue glaze with a fine crackle, as well as small sesame-seed spur marks on the base.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741498"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.40-brush-washer"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 843", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n148"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pl. 36, p. 340", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 256", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n280"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 256", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n280"}, {"citation": "Valenstein, Suzanne G. <em>A Handbook of Chinese Ceramics</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75, fig. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 338", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n358"}, {"citation": "Tichane, Robert.<em> Those Celadon Blues</em>. Painted Post, NY: New York State Institute for Glaze Research, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 3.14, p. 27.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kleinhenz, Henry J. \"Porcelains for Imperial Use: The Sung Dynasty.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 4 (1978): 135\u2013150h.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 140, fig. 6, a", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159578"}, {"citation": "Ball, Victoria Kloss. <em>Architecture and Interior Design</em>. New York: Wiley, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 5.62, p. 204", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 369; Reproduced: p. 340, color pl. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 106, p. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662 . <em>Hai wai yi zhen: taoci</em> [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u9676\u74f7 = Chinese art in overseas collections, pottery &amp; porcelain]. Zhonghua min guo Taibei Shi Shilin qu \u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u58eb\u6797\u5340: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 102, p. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mowry, Robert D. \"Koryo Celadons.\" <em>Orientations</em> vol. 17, no. 5 (May 1986), pp. 24\u201339.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 11, p. 32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 54\u201355", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"A Connoisseur's Eye, A Scholar's Mind: The Legacy of Sherman Lee.\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 40, no. 5 (2009).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 32, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 90\u201391", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 98\u201399", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Giuffrida, Noelle. <em>Separating Sheep from Goats: Sherman E. Lee and Chinese Art Collecting in Postwar America</em>. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123, fig. 70", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "514", "filesize": "86253", "filename": "1957.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1942", "filesize": "890179", "filename": "1957.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_full.tif", "width": "7551", "height": "4314", "filesize": "97752076", "filename": "1957.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "832", "filesize": "142533"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3143", "filesize": "1541163"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6208", "height": "5738", "filesize": "106892752"}, "date_created": "2017-06-19T10:43:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "788", "filesize": "137114"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2977", "filesize": "1501043"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6210", "height": "5438", "filesize": "101338224"}, "date_created": "2017-06-19T11:10:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "653", "filesize": "412528"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1757", "filesize": "3131066"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5434", "height": "2808", "filesize": "45813668"}, "date_created": "2008-11-25T14:57:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "763", "filesize": "379067"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2053", "filesize": "2470315"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4252", "height": "2567", "filesize": "32772812"}, "date_created": "2005-08-09T14:18:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "855", "height": "893", "filesize": "452942"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3257", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5345650"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3339", "height": "3486", "filesize": "34948828"}, "date_created": "2005-08-09T14:42:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "702156"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2267", "filesize": "4338925"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "4096", "filesize": "75526568"}, "date_created": "2005-08-09T15:12:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "890", "height": "893", "filesize": "473011"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3313", "height": "3323", "filesize": "5643802"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.40/1957.40_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3313", "height": "3323", "filesize": "33057156"}, "date_created": "2005-08-09T15:01:47", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134843, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1075, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1000s\u20131127", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Brush Washer, Ru Ware", "Brush Washer: Ru ware", "Circular washer: Ju ware (Northern Celadon?)", "Circular Brush Washer"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:53:18.616000"}, {"id": 148297, "accession_number": "1975.263", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Large Tree, 1891. Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903). Oil on fabric; framed: 92.4 x 112.7 x 6.4 cm (36 3/8 x 44 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 74 x 92.8 cm (29 1/8 x 36 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Barbara Ginn Griesinger, 1975.263", "current_location": null, "title": "The Large Tree", "creation_date": "1891", "creation_date_earliest": 1891, "creation_date_latest": 1891, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 92.4 x 112.7 x 6.4 cm (36 3/8 x 44 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 74 x 92.8 cm (29 1/8 x 36 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.924, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.127, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.74, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.928, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: P Gauguin 91 \r\nInscribed lower left: Te raau rahi\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 221052, "title": "Masters of Impressionism", "description": "<i>Masters of Impressionism</i>. Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico (November 17, 1998-February 28, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 212256, "title": "Degas to Picasso:  The Painter, the Sculptor and the Camera\r\n", "description": "<i>Degas to Picasso:  The Painter, the Sculptor and the Camera\r\n</i>. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 1, 1999-January 4, 2000); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (February 1-May 7, 2000); Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, 48001 Bilbao, Spain (June 12-September 10, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222616, "title": "Verso l'Arte Moderna, da Puvis de Chavannes a Matisse e Picasso", "description": "<i>Verso l'Arte Moderna, da Puvis de Chavannes a Matisse e Picasso</i>. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (February 10-June 16, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231243, "title": "Gauguin and Polynesia: South Pacific Encounters", "description": "<i>Gauguin and Polynesia: South Pacific Encounters</i>. Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (February 14-April 29, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-09-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 228199, "title": "Van Gogh Repetitions lend-back", "description": "<i>Van Gogh Repetitions lend-back</i>. Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Moderna, Rome, Italy (October 12, 2013-June 1, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224367, "title": "Paul Gauguin: Painting Like God", "description": "<i>Paul Gauguin: Painting Like God</i>. Fondation Beyeler, CH-4125 Riehen/Basel, Switzerland (organizer) (February 7-June 28, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 539508, "title": "Gauguin\u2019s World: T\u014dna Iho, T\u014dna Ao", "description": "<i>Gauguin\u2019s World: T\u014dna Iho, T\u014dna Ao</i>. National Gallery of Australia, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia (June 29-October 7, 2024) https://nga.gov.au/exhibitions/gauguins-world/; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (November 3, 2024-February 16, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-06-29T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Paintings from El Greco and Rembrandt to C\u00e9zanne and Matisse</em>. Reinhardt Galleries, New York, NY (1927).", "opening_date": "1927-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Art since 1800</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin.</em> Wildenstein Gallery, New York, NY (1946).", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Reinhardt Gallery, New York, NY, 1927)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927-1929", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Leicester Galleries, London, United Kingdom, 1929, sold to Mr. Frank H. Ginn)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mr. Frank H. Ginn [1868-1938], Gates Mills,  OH, by descent to this daughter, Barbara Ginn", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Frank Griesinger (Barabara Ginn), Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2550.29"], "did_you_know": "Gauguin positions four women in a friezelike sequence seeking shelter under the dark green leaves of a large tree while the leaves of the second tree add a decorative pattern to the pink thatched roof. With his brush, he captures contrasting elements of the tropical climate, sending the viewer into the cool shade to escape the hot sun.", "description": "Disgusted with the materialism of European society, Gauguin abandoned his family and career as a stockbroker and departed for Tahiti in 1891. This canvas is among the first paintings he completed on the island. Its rich colors and stylized figures were intended to be both symbolic and mysterious, evoking private thoughts and emotions. \u201cI obtain symphonies,\u201d he wrote, \u201charmonies that represent nothing real in the absolute sense of the word.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472839"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1975.263-the-large-tree"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bulliet, C. J. <em>Apples &amp; Madonnas; Emotional Expression in Modern Art</em>. Chicago, IL: P. Covici, Inc, 1927.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Notes on the Color Plates.\" <em>ARTnews </em>25 (May 14, 1927): 50-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50; reproduced: 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pemberton, Murdock. <em>Picture Book</em>. New York, NY: A.A. Knopf, 1930.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Malingue, Maurice. <em>Lettres de Gauguin a\u0300 Sa Femme et a\u0300 Ses Amis, Recueillies et Pre\u0301face\u0301es par Maurice Malingue.</em> Paris: B. Grasset, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 236", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scherman, Harry, ed. <em>Book-of-the-Month Club News </em>(May 1948): cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Colour Reproductions of Painting from 1860 to 1949.</em> Paris: Unesco, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77, no. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. T<em>he History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol.2, p. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Post-Impressionism: From Van Gogh to Gauguin</em>. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p, 505", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. <em>Gauguin.</em> Paris: Les Beaux-Arts, E\u0301ditions d'E\u0301tudes et de Documents, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 1, p. 172-173", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mandel, Gabriele Mandel. <em>L'opera completa di Gauguin</em>. Milano, Iitaly: Rizzoli, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 255", "url": null}, {"citation": "Field, Richard S. <em>Paul Gauguin: The Paintings of the First Voyage to Tahiti</em>. New York, NY: Garland Pub, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71, no. 16; Mentioned: p. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Woman in the Waves.\" <em>ARTnews </em>83 (March 1984): 104-106.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griffin, Jonathan. <em>Noa Noa: Gauguin's Tahiti</em>. Oxford, UK: Phaidon, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoog, Michel. <em>Paul Gauguin, Life and Work</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192, pl. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prather, Marla, and Charles F. Stuckey. <em>Gauguin: A Retrospective</em>. New York, NY: H.L. Levin Associates, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barskai\ufe20a\ufe21, A. G., and M. A. Bessonova. <em>Paul Gauguin in Soviet Museums</em>. Leningrad, USSR: Aurora Art Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXVIII, </em>no.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schneeberger, Pierre-Francis. <em>Gauguin, Tahiti</em>. Paris, FR: Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16-17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Puvis De Chavannes's \"Summer\" and the Symbolist Avant-Garde.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 1 (1991): 2-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 21-22", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161310"}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 87", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Metken, Gu\u0308nter. <em>Gauguin in Tahiti: The First Journey : Paintings 1891-1893</em>. New York, NY: Norton, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Nigel J. H. <em>Tropical Forests and Their Crops.</em> Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Pr, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 299, fig. 6.7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coven, Jeffrey, and Dore Ashton. <em>Baudelaire's Voyages: The Poet and His Painters</em>. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Co, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zingg, Jean-Pierre. <em>Les e\u0301ventails de Paul Gauguin</em>. Paris, FR: Editions Avant &amp; Apre\u0300s, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: o. 57; Mentioned: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). <em>Maestros del Impresionismo.</em> Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 90-93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kosinski, Dorothy M. <em>The Artist and the Camera: Degas to Picasso</em>. Dallas, TX: Dallas Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134, no. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "d' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: v. 1, p. 280-282, no. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salvesen, Britt. <em>Gauguin</em>. Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63, fig. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoine, Serge. <em>From Puvis De Chavannes to Matisse and Picasso: Toward Modern Art</em>. Milano, IT: Bompiani, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 332, fig. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Greub, Suzanne. <em>Gauguin, Polynesia</em>. Munich, Germany: Hirmer, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195, fig. 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Childs, Elizabeth C. <em>Vanishing Paradise: Art and Exoticism in Colonial Tahiti</em>. Berkeley, CA : University of California Press,2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Gallery of Australia, and Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. <em>Gauguin\u2019s World: To\u0304Na Iho, To\u0304Na Ao.</em> Edited by Henri Loyrette. Parkes, ACT, The Rocks, NSW: National Gallery of Australia; Art Exhibitions Australia Limited, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.263", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "713", "filesize": "336188", "filename": "1975.263_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2695", "filesize": "4656287", "filename": "1975.263_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_full.tif", "width": "14503", "height": "11494", "filesize": "500125892", "filename": "1975.263_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "723", "filesize": "190562"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2732", "filesize": "2828446"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6670", "height": "5359", "filesize": "107263928"}, "date_created": "2018-10-15T10:01:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "680", "filesize": "315547"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2568", "filesize": "4275960"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt1_full.tif", "width": "15865", "height": "11982", "filesize": "570313388"}, "date_created": "2017-08-03T09:52:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "676", "filesize": "329428"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2552", "filesize": "4339859"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt2_full.tif", "width": "15944", "height": "11968", "filesize": "572484204"}, "date_created": "2017-08-03T10:06:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "665", "filesize": "364900"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2512", "filesize": "4751126"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt3_full.tif", "width": "15985", "height": "11808", "filesize": "566285004"}, "date_created": "2017-08-03T10:18:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "854206"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2721", "filesize": "8088524"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.263/1975.263_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5792", "height": "4635", "filesize": "80576012"}, "date_created": "2008-09-05T15:32:52", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Barbara Ginn Griesinger", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148297, "creators": [{"id": 1776, "description": "Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Gauguin spent the first seven years of his life with his mother and great uncle in Peru. In 1855 his mother took him back to France where he attended boarding school. He joined the merchant marine when he was seventeen and began traveling around South America. When Gauguin's mother died in 1868, Gustave Arosa, an art collector and photographer, became his legal guardian. Arosa's collection included works by Corot (q.v.), Courbet (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), and the Barbizon painters, and it was he who would encourage Gauguin to start painting. In 1872 Arosa found a job for Gauguin at a brokerage firm, giving him financial security. The following year he married a Danish woman, Mette Gad. Gauguin had already started painting and sculpting in his spare time and first exhibited at the Salon in 1876 with a landscape.1 He was asked by Pissarro (q.v.) and Degas (q.v.) to participate in the fourth impressionist exhibition in 1879, where from then on he would exhibit regularly. Durand-Ruel began purchasing his paintings, and in turn Gauguin started to collect the works of his colleagues, such as Manet (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.) and, in particular, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.) and Pissarro. He went to Pontoise in 1882, where he painted with C\u00e9zanne and Pissarro, who along with Degas continued to influence him at this period. In 1883 Gauguin decided to become a full-time artist. In 1884 he moved with his wife and children to Rouen and then to Copenhagen, but he failed to earn a comfortable living. He returned to Paris in 1886 and met ceramicist Ernest Chaplet (1835-1909), who introduced him to his m\u00e9tier. Gauguin distanced himself from impressionism and in 1888 worked in Pont-Aven with \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), who had been experimenting with creating compositions using flat areas of color and dark outlines (cloissonism). Gauguin also studied Japanese prints and Indonesian art. The impact of these influences is evident in Gauguin's Vision after the Sermon: Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1888, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh), so far removed from his earlier impressionist style. Succumbing to van Gogh's (q.v.) many requests, Gauguin agreed to travel to Arles and paint with the artist; their characters, however, proved incompatible. Theo van Gogh, who worked for Boussod Valadon &amp; Cie, would in the meantime sell Gauguin's work. For the next two years, Gauguin traveled often around Brittany. In search of a more pure and unspoiled culture, he auctioned off his paintings in 1891 in order to finance a journey to Tahiti. Upon his arrival, he was disappointed to find many expatriates and developed areas, yet he was still able to capture in his works an uncultivated spirit. He not only made paintings but also created bold woodcuts and sculptures and was an avid writer. Gauguin returned to France in 1893, where he was given a solo exhibition by Durand-Ruel that was not particularly successful. He decided to leave Europe again in 1895, moving to Tahiti and later to Hivaoa, a more remote island in the Marquesas. Because he abandoned naturalistic colors and used formal distortions in order to achieve expressive compositions, Gauguin's work became an inspiration for many subsequent artists. 1. Possibly Wildenstein 1964, no. 12.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1848", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-01-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1891, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1891", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:45:06.941000"}, {"id": 144338, "accession_number": "1969.15", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Filtered Yellow, 1968. Julian Stanczak (American, 1928\u20132017). Acrylic on canvas; unframed: 182.8 x 243.8 cm (71 15/16 x 96 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.15. \u00a9 Julian Stanczak", "current_location": "228A Cleveland Artists", "title": "Filtered Yellow", "creation_date": "1968", "creation_date_earliest": 1968, "creation_date_latest": 1968, "artists_tags": ["male", "Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "Cleveland School"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "acrylic on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 182.8 x 243.8 cm (71 15/16 x 96 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 1.828, "height_inch": 71, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 2.438, "width_inch": 96, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Julian Stanczak", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302349, "title": "Materials and Techniques of 20th-Century Artists", "description": "<i>Materials and Techniques of 20th-Century Artists</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 17, 1976-January 2, 1977).", "opening_date": "1976-11-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309579, "title": "The Cleveland Institute of Art: 100 Years", "description": "<i>The Cleveland Institute of Art: 100 Years</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 22, 1982-January 30, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-12-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309861, "title": "Contemporary Art and Textiles Collection", "description": "<i>Contemporary Art and Textiles Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-August 26, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-07-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, (04//11/2011 - 02/26/2012); \"Op Art\"", "opening_date": "2012-02-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Purchased from Martha Jackson Gallery, New York, NY.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "After losing the use of his right arm in a Siberian labor camp during World War II, Julian Stanczak fled to a Polish refugee camp in Uganda where he learned how to paint and write left-handed.", "description": "For more than a half century, Julian Stanczak maintained a distinguished career as an abstract painter interested in how vision works. <em>Filtered Yellow</em> features hundreds of alternating reddish and greenish razor-sharp vertical bands that create the illusion of a yellow shape, despite the absence of pure yellow paint. As typical of his work, it emphasizes a high level of technical mastery rivaled by few.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470411"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Good Vibrations: A New Exhibition Celebrates the Dazzling Op Art Movement Centered in Cleveland.\" <em>Cleveland Art Members Magazine</em> (Mar/Apr 2011): 6-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 7", "url": "http://www.clevelandart.org/magazine/cleveland-art-2011-highlights/good-vibrations"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1969.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 1 (1970): 26.", "page_number": "26", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152307"}, {"citation": "McClelland, Elizabeth. \"Julian Stanczak.\" <em>Arts Magazine</em> 51, no. 1 (Jan 1976): 9.", "page_number": "9", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.15", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "David and Helen Kangesser Gallery", "athena_id": 144338, "creators": [{"id": 3643, "description": "Julian Stanczak (American, 1928\u20132017)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1928", "death_year": "2017", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1968, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1968", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-10 02:25:37.408000"}, {"id": 138393, "accession_number": "1962.32", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Panel with Royal Woman, c. 795. Sculpted by K\u2019in Lakam Chahk, and Jun Nat Omootz. Limestone; overall: 60.4 x 69.8 cm (23 3/4 x 27 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1962.32", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Panel with Royal Woman", "creation_date": "c. 795", "creation_date_earliest": 750, "creation_date_latest": 850, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Guatemala or Mexico, Usumacinta River region, Maya style"], "technique": "limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 60.4 x 69.8 cm (23 3/4 x 27 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.604, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.698, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "K\u2019in Lakam Chahk and Jun Nat Omootz", "inscription_remark": "Sculptors signature", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309959, "title": "The Blood of Kings: A New Interpretation of Maya Art", "description": "<i>The Blood of Kings: A New Interpretation of Maya Art</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (May 17-August 24, 1986); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 8-December 14, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-05-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 221002, "title": "Maya: Secrets of Their Ancient World", "description": "<i>Maya: Secrets of Their Ancient World</i>. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada (organizer) (November 19, 2011-April 9, 2012); Canadian Museum of Civilization, Gatineau, Canada (May 17-October 28, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-11-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 439182, "title": "Lives of the Gods: Divinity in Maya Art", "description": "<i>Lives of the Gods: Divinity in Maya Art</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (November 14, 2022-April 2, 2023); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (May 7-September 3, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-11-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Stolper Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1962", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This panel, likely from a palace interior, depicts a royal Maya woman.", "description": "In this panel, probably from a palace interior, the woman\u2019s static posture contrasts with the liveliness of the creature she holds, a god of royalty with a serpent leg and a grotesque head with a smoking torch on its brow. (The same deity is shown in the nearby Eccentric Flint.) Other signs of high rank are her jade jewelry and costume, its beauty suggesting that textiles and featherwork were great Maya arts, now lost to a tropical climate. The hieroglyphics refer to an undefined ritual that the woman completed in 795.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760303"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.32-panel-with-royal-wom"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Palenque Round Table, Merle Greene Robertson, and Elizabeth P. Benson. Fourth Palenque Round Table, 1980: <em>Proceedings of the Cuarta Mesa Redonda De Palenque, June 8-14, 1980. </em>San Francisco: Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, 1985.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueolo\u0301gicas en Guatemala, Juan Pedro Laporte, He\u0301ctor L. Escobedo, and Sandra Villagra\u0301n de Brady. VI <em>Simposio de investigaciones arqueolo\u0301gicas en Guatemala, 1992:</em> Museo Nacional de Arqueologi\u0301a y Etnologi\u0301a. Guatemala: Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, 1993.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review 1962.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 9 (1962)", "page_number": "p. 215, 223", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151915"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \"A Maya Relief.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 3 (1963).", "page_number": "p. 50", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151941"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Pre-Columbian Art at Cleveland.\" Apollo: <em>A Journal for the Arts</em>, LXXVIII , (December, 1963).", "page_number": "pp. 489-493", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 293", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n317"}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \"Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Art in America.</em> (May-June 1966).", "page_number": "p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art Picture Book (1967).", "page_number": "230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 1967.", "page_number": "no. 230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wardwell, Allen. 1967. \"A Maya Ball Game Relief\".<em> Museum Studies /</em> the Art Institute of Chicago. 62-73.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 293", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n317"}, {"citation": "Coggins, Clemency. \"Illicit Traffic of Pre-Columbian Antiquities.\" <em>Art Journal</em> 29, no. 1 (1969).", "page_number": "pp. 94-98", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/775285"}, {"citation": "Dunning, Dieter. \"Hierogylphic Miscellanea.\" <em>Jan Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie.</em> (1970).", "page_number": "pp. 229-30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunning, Dieter. \"On the Inscription and Iconography of Kuna- Laanha Lintel 1.\" (1970).", "page_number": "p. 200 & 213", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coggins, Clemency. \"Displaced Maya Sculpture.\" <em>Estudios de Cultura Maya. Publicacion Annual del Centro de Estudios Mayas.</em> vol. VIII. (Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 1972.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marcus, Joyce. <em>Emblem and State in the Classic Maya Lowlands: An Epigraphic Approach to Territorial Organization</em>. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 171, 174", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 396", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n416"}, {"citation": "Mayer, Karl Herbert. <em>Maya Monuments: Sculptures of Unknown Provenance in Europe</em>. Ramona, Calif: Acoma Books, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 1-2, no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robicsek, Francis. <em>The Smoking Gods: Tobacco in Maya Art, History, and Religion</em>. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 86, fig. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mayer, Karl Herbert. <em>Maya Monuments: Sculptures of Unknown Provenance in the United States</em>. Ramona, Calif: Acoma Books, 1980.", "page_number": "pl. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yale University, George Kubler, and E. W. Faller.<em> Pre-Columbian art of Mexico and Central Americ</em>a. 1986.", "page_number": "no. 470, p. 167, 293, 326", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schele, Linda, Mary Ellen Miller, and Justin Kerr.<em> The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art</em>. New York: G. Braziller, 1986.", "page_number": "pp. 76, 85, pl. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Blood of Kings - Historic Background.\" Press Release document. The Cleveland Museum of Art: 1986.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Blood of Kings - Cleveland Museum of Art Hosts Landmark Exhibition of Maya Art.\" Press Release document. The Cleveland Museum of Art: 1986.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Altman, Patricia B., and Caroline D. West. <em>Threads of Identity: Maya Costume of the 1960s in Highland Guatemala</em>. Los Angeles, Calif., USA: Fowler Museum of Cultural History, University of California, Los Angeles, 1992.", "page_number": "fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montgomery, John Ellis. <em>Sculptors of the Realm: Classic Maya Artists' Signatures and Sculptural Style During the Reign of Piedras Negras Ruler 7</em>. 1995.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jennings, Justin, Martha Cuevas Garci\u0301a, and Roberto Lo\u0301pez Bravo. <em>Maya: Secrets of Their Ancient World.</em> Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum Press, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jackson, Sarah E. <em>Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. </em>Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.", "page_number": "p. 43, fig. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ju\u00e1rez, Garcia and Sara Isabel, <em>La historia de Piedras Negras a trav\u00e9s de sus inscripciones jerogl\u00edficas: Auge y ocaso del linaje de las tortugas</em>. Tesis (licenciado en historia), Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de Mexico (2015).", "page_number": "discussed on various pages", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chinchilla Mazariegos, Oswaldo Fernando, James A. Doyle, Joanne Pillsbury, Stephen D. Houston, Daniel Salazar Lama, Iyaxel Cojti\u0301 Ren, and Caitlin Earley. <em>Lives of the Gods: Divinity in Maya Art</em>. New York : The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 128, fig. 94", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schumann, Katherine. \"Special Features: <em>Lives of the Gods: Divinity in Maya Art</em>, Metropolitan Museum of Art, November 21, 2022-April 2, 2023\" <em>ICMA News </em>no. 1 (Spring 2023)", "page_number": "fig 10, p. 44", "url": "https://mcusercontent.com/b2032e2c83e801ec4536d23d0/files/ba970f92-67ac-cd06-b592-8fc1e9e1b642/ICMA_MarchNewsletter_FINAL.pdf"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.32", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.32/1962.32_web.jpg", "width": "1033", "height": "893", "filesize": "800566", "filename": "1962.32_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.32/1962.32_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2939", "filesize": "9450974", "filename": "1962.32_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.32/1962.32_full.tif", "width": "5099", "height": "4408", "filesize": "67460904", "filename": "1962.32_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1924.1046", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Statue of an Athlete", "creation_date": "1\u2013100 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 173.9 cm (68 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.739, "height_inch": 68, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "platform": {"height": 0.229, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.686, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.533, "depth_inch": 21, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311952, "title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding", "description": "<i>Art, A Means to World Understanding</i>. 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Knoedler &amp; co., April 10-may 6, 1939: \"Loan Exhibition, Pollaiuolo to Picasso-Classics of the Nude,\" cat. no. 12, repr. pl. 12.", "opening_date": "1939-04-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus (Ohio) Gallery of Fine Art, October 5-November 5, 1939: \"A Concert of Masterpieces,\" catalogue: Colmbus Gallery of Fine Arts Monthly Bulletin, October, 1939, no. 8.", "opening_date": "1939-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Durlacher Brothers, March 13-April 6, 1940: \"Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings by Nicolas Poussin,\" (no catalogue; for the benefit of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University).", "opening_date": "1940-03-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, World's Fair, May 11-October 28, 1940: \"Masterpieces of Art,\" cat. no. 58,", "opening_date": "1940-05-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1956: \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. no. 31, repr. (catalogue by Henry S Francis).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron (Ohio) Art Institute, December 1, 1964-January 3, 1965: \"Our Neighboring Museum,\" (no catalogue).", "opening_date": "1964-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris 1960, no. 33", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rome, Italy; Comune di Roma-Palazzo delle Esposizioni, 11/26/98 - 3/1/99 \"The first Roman Years of Nicolas Poussin\" (I primi anni romani.) Exhibition catalog no. 20, p. 72.", "opening_date": "1998-11-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao (10/8/2007 - 1/13/2008) and Metropolitan Museum of Art (2/11/2008 - 5/11/2008):  \"Poussin and Nature\", ex. cat. no. 14, p.158-159.", "opening_date": "2007-10-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Cassiano dal Pozzo (Rome, Italy) to Gabriele dal Pozzo (1695, 1740)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Lord Radstock, sold, Christie's, London, May 13, 1826, lot 27)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private collection, sold Phillips, London, 1829)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Lord Northwick, Thirlestane House, near Cheltenham, by 1837, sold, Phillips, London, August 24, 1859, lot 1809)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "J. S. W.S. Erle Drax, Esq., Olantigh Towers, Wye, Kent, sold Christie's,London, February 19 and 21, 1910, lot 105, to Cohen", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Cohen", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "David Horner, London, by 1925", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Durlacher Brothers (London, England), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1926.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "After arriving in Rome and experiencing financial instability, Nicolas Poussin turned to painting more popular, lucrative mythological scenes, such as those depicting nymphs and satyrs.", "description": "Like his colleague Claude Lorrain, Poussin depicted historical and mythological subjects in landscapes inspired by the countryside around Rome. His themes were often complex, and frequently incorporated witty allusions to classical texts. Here, a playful cupid tugs Pan, the goatlegged Greek god of the woods, toward Venus, the goddess of love. The painting cleverly illustrates the Latin phrase amor vincit omnia, or \u201clove conquers all\u201d (in Greek, pan means \u201call\u201d). The woodland setting represents the idyllic paradise of Pan\u2019s home.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503645"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.26-nymphs-and-a-satyr-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The Last Gift of J. H. Wade: Landscape with Nymphs and Satyrs by Nicolas Poussin.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>13, no.4 (April 1926): 86-89", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88-89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n38"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n36"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"'Roman Campagna near Tivoli' by Claude Gell\u00e9e de Lorrain.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>33, no. 10 (December 1946): 178-180.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 179", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141321"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 479", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n88"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n140"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118; Mentioned: p. 119-120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coen, Paolo, ed. T<em>he Art Market in Rome in the Eighteenth Century: A Study in the Social History of Art. </em>Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77; Reproduced: p.79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Albl, Stefan, and Pietro Testa. Pietro Testa: Maler in Rom und Lucca (1612-1650). 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 270, A. 18.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, and Christel Dupy. <em>Nicolas Poussin: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 de L\u2019Oeuvre Peint.</em> [Paris]: Flammarion, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 243-245, no. 52, Vol. II", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.26", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.26/1926.26_web.jpg", "width": "1177", "height": "893", "filesize": "665574", "filename": "1926.26_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.26/1926.26_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2580", "filesize": "5494409", "filename": "1926.26_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.26/1926.26_full.tif", "width": "4840", "height": "3672", "filesize": "53347080", "filename": "1926.26_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.26/1926.26_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1093", "height": "893", "filesize": "804443"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.26/1926.26_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2779", "filesize": "6937561"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.26/1926.26_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4237", "height": "3463", "filesize": "44063076"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T18:32:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.26/1926.26_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1177", "height": "893", "filesize": "670438"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.26/1926.26_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "4400", "height": "3338", "filesize": "8785047"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.26/1926.26_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4840", "height": "3672", "filesize": "53347080"}, "date_created": "2006-07-27T14:47:51", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 108555, "creators": [{"id": 1946, "description": "Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594\u20131665)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1594", "death_year": "1665", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-02-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1625, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1625\u201327", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-02 11:23:17.381000"}, {"id": 159838, "accession_number": "1997.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Sleeping Faun, modeled 1864, carved c. 1870. Harriet Goodhue Hosmer (American, 1830\u20131908). Marble; overall: 127 cm (50 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1997.15", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "The Sleeping Faun", "creation_date": "modeled 1864, carved c. 1870", "creation_date_earliest": 1864, "creation_date_latest": 1870, "artists_tags": ["female", "LGBTQ+ (after 1900)"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 127 cm (50 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.27, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "length": 1.524, "length_inch": 60, "length_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed and inscribed on base: \"H HOSMER Fecit -- Romae\"; titled on base: \"THE SLEEPING FAUN\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 228305, "title": "Maest\u00e1 di Roma, da Napoleon all'Unita d'Italia: Universale ed Eterna", "description": "<i>Maest\u00e1 di Roma, da Napoleon all'Unita d'Italia: Universale ed Eterna</i>. Scuderie del Quirinale, Rome, Italy (organizer) (March 5-June 29, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-05T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Art Museum, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 1989-1996.", "opening_date": "1989-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Scudiere del Quirinale (3/5/2003 - 6/29/2003): \"Maest\u00e1 di Roma, da Napoleon all'Unita d'Italia: Il Mito Classico e Christiano\", figure XII.10, p. 275.", "opening_date": "2003-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Prince of Wales", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1870s   ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Jacob Wakefield", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Kendal Museum, Kendal, Cumbria, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sotheby's, London, sale, March 16, 1977", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1977    ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Christopher Forbes, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Hirschl & Adler Galleries, Inc., New York]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hosmer said, \"I honor every woman who has strength enough to step out of the beaten path. . . .\"", "description": "Hosmer is the best known female member of a large group of American artists working in Italy during the mid-1800s. <em>The Sleeping Faun</em>, a depiction of a pointed-eared woodland spirit, demonstrates her mastery of the neoclassical style, which was inspired by the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Hosmer\u2019s playful sense of humor infuses the composition: a half-human, half-goat satyr mischievously ties the unwitting faun\u2019s animal skin garment to a tree stump.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762325"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.15-the-sleeping-faun"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ausherman, Maria, <em>Masters of Shape: The Lives and Art of American Women Sculptors. </em>(Novato, CA: Goff Books, 2022).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 65.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor Neoclassical Marble, Rare Korean Sculpture, Other Recent CMA Acquisitions Now on View,\u201d April 16, 1997, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4117"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \"Hosmer's Marble Faun.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 37, no. 10 (December 1997): 4-6.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 4-6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1997-10/page/4/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "<em>Maest\u00e1 di Roma: Universale ed Eterna,Capitale delle Arte</em>. Electa: Rome, 2003.", "page_number": "Fig. XII.10, p. 275.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whiteley, Jon and Linda Whiteley. \"Majesty of Rome.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>1205 (Aug. 2003), fig. 83, p. 610, repr. p. 610.", "page_number": "610", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008. pg. 84-86.", "page_number": "84-86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"New Spaces in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>American Art</em> 24, no. 2 (Summer 2010).illus. p. 16.", "page_number": "16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"The Sleeping Faun.\" In <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by David Franklin and C. Griffith Mann. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art; London: Scala, 2012. p. 264; illus. p. 265.", "page_number": "264, illus. 265", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dabakis, Melissa. <em>A Sisterhood of Sculptors: American Artists in Nineteenth-Century Rome</em>. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014. p. 237, note 76.", "page_number": "237", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 20", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_web.jpg", "width": "1100", "height": "893", "filesize": "339572", "filename": "1997.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2759", "filesize": "3346003", "filename": "1997.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4057", "filesize": "60887636", "filename": "1997.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "887", "filesize": "356179"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2389", "filesize": "2519784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3513", "filesize": "52723284"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "724", "height": "893", "filesize": "374527"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2755", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4793699"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4052", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60800180"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1097", "height": "893", "filesize": "244923"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2768", "filesize": "2318352"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4071", "filesize": "61097748"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "212495"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2738", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2765730"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.15/1997.15_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4027", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60425180"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 159838, "creators": [{"id": 6683, "description": "Harriet Goodhue Hosmer (American, 1830\u20131908)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "sculptor", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1830", "death_year": "1908", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-03-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1864, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "modeled 1864, carved c. 1870", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:17:33.991000"}, {"id": 135456, "accession_number": "1958.45", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Harem , spring\u2013summer 1906. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil and graphite on canvas; framed: 174 x 130.5 x 11.4 cm (68 1/2 x 51 3/8 x 4 1/2 in.); unframed: 154.3 x 110 cm (60 3/4 x 43 5/16 in.); former: 163.2 x 120 x 6.1 cm (64 1/4 x 47 1/4 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.45. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "The Harem ", "creation_date": "spring\u2013summer 1906", "creation_date_earliest": 1906, "creation_date_latest": 1906, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "oil and graphite on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 174 x 130.5 x 11.4 cm (68 1/2 x 51 3/8 x 4 1/2 in.); Unframed: 154.3 x 110 cm (60 3/4 x 43 5/16 in.); Former: 163.2 x 120 x 6.1 cm (64 1/4 x 47 1/4 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.74, "height_inch": 68, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.305, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.114, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 1.543, "height_inch": 60, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.1, "width_inch": 43, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "former": {"height": 1.632, "height_inch": 64, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.2, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.061, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper left: \"Picasso\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 520773, "title": "Man: Glory, Jest, and Riddle: A Survey of Human From Through the Ages", "description": "<i>Man: Glory, Jest, and Riddle: A Survey of Human From Through the Ages</i>. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (November 10, 1964-January 3, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-11-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442780, "title": "Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (May 22-September 16, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442184, "title": "Pablo Picasso", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso</i>. The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 2-May 29, 1983); Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, Kyoto, Japan (co-organizer) (June 10-July 24, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442168, "title": "Picasso", "description": "<i>Picasso</i>. National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (co-organizer) (July 27-September 23, 1984); Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (October 9-December 2, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-07-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441970, "title": "Les Demoiselles D'Avignon (The Ladies of Avignon)", "description": "<i>Les Demoiselles D'Avignon (The Ladies of Avignon)</i>. Mus\u00e9e national Picasso-Paris, Paris, France (January 26-April 18, 1988); Museu Picasso, Barcelona, Spain (May 10-July 14, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-01-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361423, "title": "Picasso, 1905-1906", "description": "<i>Picasso, 1905-1906</i>. Museu Picasso, Barcelona, Spain (organizer) (February 5-April 19, 1992); Kunstmuseum Bern, Bern, Switzerland (May 8-July 26, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-02-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 177096, "title": "Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906", "description": "<i>Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (March 30-July 27, 1997); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (September 10, 1997-January 4, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-03-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 219144, "title": "1900", "description": "<i>1900</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (March 14-June 26, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 219149, "title": "Picasso Erotique", "description": "<i>Picasso Erotique</i>. Galerie national du Jeu de Paume, Paris, France (February 19-May 15, 2001); Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts (June 15-September 15, 2001); Museu Picasso (October 25, 2001-January 20, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-02-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 219731, "title": "Picasso et Ingres", "description": "<i>Picasso et Ingres</i>. Mus\u00e9e national Picasso-Paris, Paris, France (March 16-June 21, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220287, "title": "Picasso: Tradici\u00f3n y Vanguardia", "description": "<i>Picasso: Tradici\u00f3n y Vanguardia</i>. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (June 5-September 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206339, "title": "Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)", "description": "<i>Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15, 2006-January 7, 2007); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (co-organizer) (March 4-June 3, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 367808, "title": "Picasso 1906. La Gran Transformaci\u00f3n", "description": "<i>Picasso 1906. La Gran Transformaci\u00f3n</i>. Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sof\u00cda, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (November 14, 2023-March 4, 2024) https://www.museoreinasofia.es/exposiciones/picasso-1906.", "opening_date": "2023-11-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 317581, "title": "Picasso and Paper", "description": "<i>Picasso and Paper</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 25-August 2, 2020) https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibition/picasso-and-paper; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (December 8, 2024-March 23, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-12-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Pictures Collected by Yale Alumni. </em>Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (organizer) (May 8-June 18, 1956)", "opening_date": "1956-05-08T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Picasso \"Blue\" and \"Rose\" Periods: 1901\u20131906. </em>Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co., New York (organizer) (November 2-November 26, 1936)", "opening_date": "1936-11-02T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Century of Progress. </em>Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (June 1-November 1, 1933) (as Figures [Pink])", "opening_date": "1933-06-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929). [as Figures [Pink])", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Twenty-Seventh International Exhibition of Paintings, </em>Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (October 18-December 9, 1928). [as Figure (pink)]", "opening_date": "1928-10-18T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Quinn [1870-1924], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1924", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(P. Rosenberg, New York, NY, 1928)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-1958", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting dates from Picasso's Rose Period, named for the rosy pink and orange hues that dominate many of his compositions during this time. The Rose Period followed his Blue Period, and the colors are reflective of his mood. The Blue Period is connected to a period of depression following the death of his close friend Carlos Casagemas, while the happier tones of the Rose Period coincide with his happiness in his relationship with Fernande Olivier.", "description": "In 1904, Pablo Picasso abandoned the cool palette and somber mood of his Blue Period (1901\u20134)\u2014 exemplified by La Vie of 1903\u2014for the warmer, more sensual imagery of the Rose Period (1904\u20136). In the summer of 1906, he and his romantic partner Fernande Olivier visited Spain. Picasso sketched Olivier, who often served as a model for the artist, in private moments bathing and combing her hair. Such studies came to life in The Harem, Picasso\u2019s first large-scale representation of nude figures. He added a seated man who clasps a flower in one hand and a porr\u00f3n (a phallic-shaped drinking vessel) in the other.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465144"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Watson, F. <em>John Quinn Collection of Paintings, Watercolors, Drawings and Sculpture. </em>Huntington: Pidgeon Hill Press, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13; Reproduced: p. 89.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Twenty-Seventh International Exhibition of Paintings, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh October 18-December 9, 1928. </em>Pittsburgh: Carnegie Institute, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. 201", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Steinberg, Leo. \"The Philosophical Brothel, Part 1.\" <em>Art News </em>71, no. 5 (September 1972): 20-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29. fig. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward. \"Pablo Picasso: Bouteille, Verre, et Fourchette.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>59, no. 7 (September 1972): 194-203.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196, fig. 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152438"}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre. \"Picasso's Time of Decisive Encounters.\" <em>Art News </em>(April 1987): 136-141.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; p. 140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Steinberg, Leo. \"The Philosophical Brothel.\" <em>October </em>44 (Spring 1988): 7-74.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35; Reproduced: p. 34, fig. 30", "url": "985004319"}, {"citation": "Robert, Rosenblum. \"Picasso in G\u00f3sol: The Calm before the Storm.\" In <em>Picasso: The Early Years, 1892-1906. </em>Marilyn McCully, ed., 263-275. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 265-266; Reproduced: p. 264, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Picasso and Celestina: The Artist's Vision of the Procuress</em>. Newark, Delaware: Juan de la Cuesta, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82, figure 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Steinberg, Leo. <em>Picasso: Selected Essays.</em> Edited by Sheila Schwartz. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 90-91, fig. 4.30", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Zervos I.321; Sutton/Lecaldano 274; Daix, Boudaille, Rosselet XV.40; Palau i Fabre 1266; PP 1906-073", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.45", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 135456, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1906, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "spring\u2013summer 1906", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Figures in Pink"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:49:37.338000"}, {"id": 124092, "accession_number": "1944.93", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1665. Gerard ter Borch (Dutch, 1617\u20131681). Oil on canvas; framed: 87.5 x 77 x 7 cm (34 7/16 x 30 5/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 63.3 x 52.7 cm (24 15/16 x 20 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.93", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1665", "creation_date_earliest": 1650, "creation_date_latest": 1670, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 87.5 x 77 x 7 cm (34 7/16 x 30 5/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 63.3 x 52.7 cm (24 15/16 x 20 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.875, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.77, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.633, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.527, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335881, "title": "Great Portraits by Famous Painters", "description": "<i>Great Portraits by Famous Painters</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (November 11-December 23, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-11-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335889, "title": "Seventeenth Century Dutch Paintings and Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventeenth Century Dutch Paintings and Drawings</i>. Akron Art Museum (organizer) (October 10-November 11, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519242, "title": "Masters of Seven Centuries", "description": "<i>Masters of Seven Centuries</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (February 27-March 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335858, "title": "Dutch Seventeenth-Century Portraiture, the Golden Age", "description": "<i>Dutch Seventeenth-Century Portraiture, the Golden Age</i>. John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (organizer) (December 4, 1980-February 8, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-12-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 218296, "title": "Gerard ter Borch", "description": "<i>Gerard ter Borch</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (November 7, 2004-January 30, 2005); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (February 28-May 22, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-11-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223369, "title": "Rembrandt exhibition - Reciprocal Loan", "description": "<i>Rembrandt exhibition - Reciprocal Loan</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (October 30, 2011-September 16, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-30T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Works by the Old Masters and Deceased Masters of the British School. </em>London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1877, cat. no. 277.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>The Prentiss Bequest. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944, cat. no. 15.", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Old Masters from Midwestern Museums</em>. Grand Rapids (Michigan) Art Gallery, December 1, 1948-January 2, 1949.", "opening_date": "1948-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Dutch Painting: The Golden Age</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art (October 28-December 15, 1954); Toledo (Ohio) Museum of Art (January 2-February 12, 1955); Art Gallery of Toronto (Canada) (February 19-March 25, 1955), cat. no. 11.", "opening_date": "1954-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masters of Seven Centuries</em>. Wildenstein &amp; Co, New York. (February 27-March 31, 1962), cat. no. 21.", "opening_date": "1962-02-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(presumably) Jan Jacob [Jean-Jacques de] Faesch [1755-1831], Amsterdam)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Previous provenance erroneously identified the seller with the renowned collector Cardinal Joseph Fesch (1763\u20131839). Jan Jacob Faesch was one of the richest Amsterdammers of his day. His wealth was derived principally from the sugar and coffee trade; he owned multiple estates in Surinam. He is included in a list compiled of the wealthiest Dutch citizens in c. 1812, with an income of 50,000 frcs. (see: Eduard de Biema, \u201cAmsterdamsche Fortuinen onder het Fransche Keizerrijk,\u201d <em>De Navorscher</em> 54 [1904], p. 318).&nbsp; Faesch sold his business in 1827 and his country retreat, Westermeer, in 1828.&nbsp; The 1833 auction sale catalogue refers to the seller as \u201cJean-Jacques de Jean-Jacques de Faesch\u201d\u2014probably an indication that the seller was a similarly-named son of Faesch, who had died two years earlier</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(de Vries \u2026 Roos, Amsterdam, sale Jean-Jacques de Jean-Jacques de Faesch, July 3, 1833, no. 56 [\u201cEen prachtig gekleed Dame, staande bij een tafel en stoel, beide met rood bekleedsel\u201d, canvas, 6p 3d x 5p 1d; fl. 90, to Chaplin or Chaplen or Chapplaen])", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "1833", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "F. Austen, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Possibly [John] Francis Austen (1817\u20131893) of Capel Manor, Horsmonden, Kent. No painting of this description was included in the sale of the late J. F. Austen, London (Christie\u2019s), March 18, 1921.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1877", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "[M. Knoedler & Co., New York];", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, Cleveland, 1923, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The art dealer Ren\u00e9 Gimpel mentions seeing the painting on a visit to the Prentiss home on May 31, 1923; see: Ren\u00e9 Gimpel, <em>Diary of an Art Dealer</em> (New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1966), p. 227.</div>"], "date": "by 1923", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The pair to this painting (in the National Gallery, London), depicts a man in equally fashionable dress.", "description": "Every detail of his subject\u2019s elaborate costume is skillfully recorded: glittering jewels, filmy lace, knots of ribbons, heavy black silk, and shimmering white satin. The ability to recreate satin\u2019s luster was Gerard ter Borch\u2019s particular trademark: he used fine flicks and sweeps of the brush, occasionally adding and wiping away tiny bits of paint to make the white fabric appear to shine. Ter Borch offset the profusion of costume detail by deliberately isolating the figure within a spare setting, allowing us to appreciate the woman\u2019s cool composure. Although her identity is not known, she was undoubtedly a member of the wealthy Dutch elite.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48804408"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.93-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Graves, Algernon.<em> Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813-1912</em>. London: Graves, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 3, p. 1301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, C. P. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century.</em> 8 vols London: Macmillan and Co, 1908-.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 5, p. 78, no. 220; p. 128, no. 416f.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 97, pl. LIII, cat. no. 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hannema, Frans. <em>Gerard Terborch</em>. Amsterdam: \"De Gulden ster\", 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101; Reproduced: p. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [19], Plate VII, cat. no. 15; Mentioned: p. 28, cat. no. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n32"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry A. \"Paintings in the Prentiss Bequest,\" T<em>he Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>31, no. 6 (June, 1944): 88-89.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Great Portraits by Famous Painters</em>. Exh. cat. Minneapolis, Minn.: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1952.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: v. 2, p. 217, no. 22; Reproduced pl. XLIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 441", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Gudlaugsson, S. J. <em>Geraert ter Borch</em>. 2 vols The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1959-60.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 140, 337, vol. 2, p. 190; Reproduced: vol. 2 fig. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masters of Seven Centuries: Paintings and Drawings from the 14th to 20th Century; Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Wellesley College Faculty Salary Advancement Fund, March 1 to 31, 1962</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Wildenstein, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gimpel, Rene\u0301. <em>Journal d'un Collectionneur, Marchand de Tableaux.</em> [Paris]: Calmann-Le\u0301vy, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 236", "url": null}, {"citation": "Payne, Blanche. <em>History of Costume: From the Ancient Egyptians to the Twentieth Century.</em> New York, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 398", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n150"}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n150"}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n182"}, {"citation": "Wilson, William Harry. <em>Dutch Seventeenth Century Portraiture, the Golden Age</em>. Exh. cat. Sarasota, FL: The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 23, cat. no. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 222; Reproduced: p. 223", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tortora, Phyllis G., and Keith Eubank. <em>A Survey of Historic Costume</em>. New York, NY: Fairchild Publications, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157, fig. 10.10", "url": null}, {"citation": "MacLaren, Neil, and Christopher Brown. T<em>he Dutch School, 1600-1900. </em>2 vols. London: National Gallery Publications, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 39-40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan.<em> European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kettering, Alison McNeil. \"Gerard Ter Borch's Portraits for the Deventer Elite.\" <em>Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art</em> 27, no. 1/2 (1999): 46-69.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 51, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wheelock, Arthur K.. <em>Gerard Ter Borch.</em> Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exhibition of Works by the Old Masters and Deceased Masters of the British School. </em>Exh. Cat. London: Royal Academy of Arts, in association with William Clowes and Sons, 1877.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 49, no. 277", "url": "https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/exhibition-catalogue/1877-old-masters-and-deceased-masters-of-the-british-school"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.93", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_web.jpg", "width": "739", "height": "893", "filesize": "419762", "filename": "1944.93_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_print.jpg", "width": "2814", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6953994", "filename": "1944.93_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_full.tif", "width": "4417", "height": "5335", "filesize": "70722024", "filename": "1944.93_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "736", "height": "893", "filesize": "397436"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2802", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6311752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4619", "height": "5605", "filesize": "77700796"}, "date_created": "2009-05-12T13:16:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "893", "filesize": "479237"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2786", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7724472"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4786", "height": "5841", "filesize": "83898472"}, "date_created": "2009-05-12T13:23:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "785", "height": "893", "filesize": "463359"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2987", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6938625"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4631", "height": "5271", "filesize": "73263760"}, "date_created": "2009-05-11T18:28:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "739", "height": "893", "filesize": "409609"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2813", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6048904"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.93/1944.93_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3778", "height": "4567", "filesize": "51784672"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 124092, "creators": [{"id": 2590, "description": "Gerard ter Borch (Dutch, 1617\u20131681)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1617", "death_year": "1681", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1650, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1665", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Lady Standing"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:56.446000"}, {"id": 111479, "accession_number": "1929.96", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Miracles of Saint James the Greater, 1726. No\u00ebl Nicolas Coypel (French, 1690\u20131734). Oil on canvas; framed: 129.5 x 107.5 x 10.5 cm (51 x 42 5/16 x 4 1/8 in.); unframed: 102 x 80.7 cm (40 3/16 x 31 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Felix Wildenstein, 1929.96", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "The Miracles of Saint James the Greater", "creation_date": "1726", "creation_date_earliest": 1726, "creation_date_latest": 1726, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 129.5 x 107.5 x 10.5 cm (51 x 42 5/16 x 4 1/8 in.); Unframed: 102 x 80.7 cm (40 3/16 x 31 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.295, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.075, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.105, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.02, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.807, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"N. Coypel / 1726\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335745, "title": "H\u00e9ritage de France, French Painting 1610-1760", "description": "<i>H\u00e9ritage de France, French Painting 1610-1760</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts (organizer) (October 6-November 6, 1961); Mus\u00e9e national des beaux-arts du Qu\u00e9bec (November 16-December 6, 1961); National Gallery of Canada (January 4-February 4, 1962); Art Gallery of Ontario (February 16-March 18, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519008, "title": "Heritage de France, French Painting 1610-1760", "description": "<i>Heritage de France, French Painting 1610-1760</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal (October 6-November 6, 1961); Mus\u00e9e national des beaux-arts du Qu\u00e9bec,  Quebec City, Canada (November 16-December 16, 1961); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (January 4-February 4, 1962); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (February 16-March 18, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335753, "title": "Great Stories in Art", "description": "<i>Great Stories in Art</i>. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (February 13-March 27, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515898, "title": "Great Stories in Art", "description": "<i>Great Stories in Art</i>. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (February 13-March 27, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Elliott Gregory (New York, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Felix Wildenstein, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1929.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "No\u00ebl Nicolas Coypel combined two stories associated with Saint James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Christ. In the foreground is the magician Hermogenes, begging forgiveness. Hermogenes had cast a spell on James, but the saint turned the curse back on him. When James offered to protect Hermogenes against the demons assaulting him, the magician cast aside his pagan texts in favor of Christianity. According to the second legend, James miraculously cured a paralytic man (in the middle ground at right), thereby averting his own execution and causing the prosecutor to convert. Although this painting is relatively small, the clear composition, grand architectural setting, and dignified and expressive poses of the figures endow it with monumental presence.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513326"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.96-the-miracles-of-sain"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Cleveland.\" <em>ARTnews </em>(May 11, 1929): 22.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. <em>He\u0301ritage De France; French Painting 1610-1760</em>. Montreal: Museum of Fine Arts, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 20, Reproduced: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 63-65, cat. no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, W. S. \"Jean-Francois De Troy: Pan and Syrinx.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LXI, no. 8 (October, 1974): 250-259.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774 </em>: [Exhibition] 1975-1976, the Toledo Museum of Art, October 26-December 7, the Art Institute of Chicago, January 10-February 22, the National Gallery of Canada, March 21-May 2. [Toledo, OH]: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lomax, David. \"Noe\u0308l-Nicolas Coypel (1690-1734).\" <em>Revue De L'Art </em>57 (1982): 29-48.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.96", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "404167", "filename": "1929.96_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_print.jpg", "width": "2673", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5404544", "filename": "1929.96_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_full.tif", "width": "4596", "height": "5846", "filesize": "80638252", "filename": "1929.96_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "721", "height": "893", "filesize": "434044"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2744", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6820571"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4877", "height": "6042", "filesize": "88433088"}, "date_created": "2009-04-27T19:32:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "758", "height": "893", "filesize": "564607"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2886", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7887658"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "5881", "filesize": "88111480"}, "date_created": "2009-04-27T15:12:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "438069"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2696", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5778208"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.96/1929.96_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3965", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59494248"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Felix Wildenstein", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 111479, "creators": [{"id": 1907, "description": "No\u00ebl Nicolas Coypel (French, 1690\u20131734)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1690", "death_year": "1734", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-03-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1726, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1726", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["St. James the Greater and the Magician Hermogenes", "St. James the Great and the Magician"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:54:07.591000"}, {"id": 93234, "accession_number": "1926.1653", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "On the Beach, No. 3, c. 1915\u201318. Maurice Prendergast (American, born Newfoundland [now Canada], 1858\u20131924). Oil on canvas; framed: 81 x 103 x 6.5 cm (31 7/8 x 40 9/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 66 x 85.1 cm (26 x 33 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1926.1653", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "On the Beach, No. 3", "creation_date": "c. 1915\u201318", "creation_date_earliest": 1915, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 81 x 103 x 6.5 cm (31 7/8 x 40 9/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 66 x 85.1 cm (26 x 33 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.81, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.03, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.66, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.851, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  Prendergast; annotated on verso, \"The Beach.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 354889, "title": "The Maurice Prendergast Memorial Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Maurice Prendergast Memorial Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 15-February 15, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312153, "title": "The Eight", "description": "<i>The Eight</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 9-March 4, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-02-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444775, "title": "Puvis de Chavannes and The Modern Tradition", "description": "<i>Puvis de Chavannes and The Modern Tradition</i>. Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (October 24-November 30, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 222616, "title": "Verso l'Arte Moderna, da Puvis de Chavannes a Matisse e Picasso", "description": "<i>Verso l'Arte Moderna, da Puvis de Chavannes a Matisse e Picasso</i>. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (February 10-June 16, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184052, "title": "Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age", "description": "<i>Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 23-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-23T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, C.W.Kraushaar Art Galleries, Memorial Exhibition of Paintings and Water Colors by Maurice Prendergast (16 February-4 March 1925), cat. no. 33, title given: Beach Scene, No. 3.", "opening_date": "1925-02-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, Art Insitute of Chicago, Special Exhibition: Sculpture by Nancy Cox-McCormack, Mural Paintings by Puvis de Chavvanes, Albert Besnard, and the National Society of Mural Painters, Decorative Paintings by Eduard Buk Ulreich, Drawings and Lithographs by C.O. Woodbury, Paintings by Maurice Prendergast (17 March-24 April 1925), cat. no. 22", "opening_date": "1925-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Maurice Prendergast Memorial Exhibition (16 January-15 February 1926), cat. no. 9.", "opening_date": "1926-01-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Maurice Prendergast Memorial Exhibition (21 February-22 March 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Saginaw, MI, Saginaw Museum, An Exhibition of American Painting from Colonial Times Until Today (10 January-15 February 1948), no. 46.", "opening_date": "1948-01-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Maurice Prendergast, 1859-1924 (26 October-4 December 1960); traveled to Hartford, Wadsworth Athenaeum (29 December 1960-5 February 1961); to New York, Whitney Museum of American Art (21 February-2 April 1961); to San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor (22 April-3 June 1961); to Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (20 June-30 July 1961); cat. no. 43, illus. p. 57.", "opening_date": "1960-10-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, San Francisco Museum of Art; simultaneously held at San Francisco, M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, and San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor (see Foreword), Man: Glory, Jest, Riddle, A Survey of the Human Form Through the Ages (10 November 1964-3 January 1965), cat. no. 277.", "opening_date": "1964-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Grand Rapids, MI, Grand Rapids Museum, 20th Century American Painting (1-30 April 1967), cat. no. 7, illus. p. 7.", "opening_date": "1967-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toronto, Art Gallery of Ontario, Puvis de Chavannes and The Modern Tradition (24 October-30 November 1970), cat. no. 84, illus. p. 188.", "opening_date": "1970-10-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kraushaar Galleries, New York). (bought by CMA 1926)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["209.1926", "1653.1926"], "did_you_know": "Three modes of transportation appear in this composition: a ship, horse, and donkey cart.", "description": "Prendergast developed a distinctive painting style featuring rounded patches of thickly applied color. Like many of his works, <em>On the Beach, No. 3</em> visually approximates a densely woven tapestry.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107336327", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502128"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Whitney Museum of American Art. Maurice Prendergast Memorial Exhibition, February Twenty-First to March Twenty-Second, Nineteen-Thirty-Four. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1934.", "page_number": "cat. no. 63, listed p. 14.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "cat. no. 365", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36, no. 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Department of Paintings.\" <em>Annual Report</em>. 11. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 33-35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Two Recent American Paintings Acquired for the Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>14:1 (January, 1927).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 9-11; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Story of American Painting is Retold in Cleveland Exhibition.\" <em>The Art Digest. </em>11:19 (1 August 1937). pp. 5-9.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>National Cyclopedia of American Biography</em>. New York: 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 398-399", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rhys, Hadley Howell<em>. Maurice Prendergast: The Sources and Development of His Style.</em> Ph.D. dissertation,Harvard University, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Simon, John. \"Maurice Prendergast.\" <em>The New York Times,</em> February 26, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>19th and 20th Century Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 281, 283; Reproduced: p. 287", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 60:1 (January, 1973). pp. 1-36.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argan, Giulio Carlo, and Rossana Bossaglia. <em>Die Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1880-1940</em>. Berlin: Propyla\u0308en-Verlag, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 115-116, 139; Reproduced: 38b", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Selection VII: American Paintings from the Museum's Collection, c.1800-1930.\" <em>Bulletin of Rhode Island School of Design. </em>63:5 (April, 1977).", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Patterson. <em>Maurice B. Prendergast: A Concentration of Works from the Permanent Collection. </em>New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 3-9, 26, 30-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol, Nancy Mowll Mathews, and Gwendolyn Owens. <em>Maurice Brazil Prendergast, Charles Prendergast: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. Williamstown, MA: Williams College Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 308; Reproduced: cat. 430", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. \"Maurice Prendergast.\" <em>International Dictionary of Art and Artists,</em> ed. James Vinson. Chicago: St. James Press, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 751", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wattenmaker, Richard J. <em>Maurice Prendergast</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams in association with the National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1994. pp. 117-156", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136, fig. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol. \"Prendergast, Maurice (Brazil).\" <em>The</em> <em>Dictionary of Art, </em>ed. J. S. Turner<em>. </em>25.New York: Grove, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 552-554; Reproduced: p. 553", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hughes, Robert. <em>American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America</em>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 266-269; Reproduced: p. 269", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoine, Serge. <em>From Puvis De Chavannes to Matisse and Picasso: Toward Modern Art.</em> Milano: Bompiani, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 450, fig. 156", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.1653", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "683", "filesize": "507062", "filename": "1926.1653_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2581", "filesize": "5625392", "filename": "1926.1653_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_full.tif", "width": "12613", "height": "9576", "filesize": "362380236", "filename": "1926.1653_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "684", "filesize": "509897"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2583", "filesize": "5306340"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12619", "height": "9588", "filesize": "363007528"}, "date_created": "2023-08-14T14:07:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "677", "filesize": "188328"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2559", "filesize": "1565314"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12917", "height": "9721", "filesize": "376725572"}, "date_created": "2023-08-14T14:17:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "727", "filesize": "434526"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2748", "filesize": "4646954"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt2_full.tif", "width": "11058", "height": "8936", "filesize": "296475816"}, "date_created": "2023-08-14T10:13:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1164", "height": "893", "filesize": "1072006"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2608", "filesize": "3340305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1653/1926.1653_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3836", "filesize": "57580984"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 93234, "creators": [{"id": 3246, "description": "Maurice Prendergast (American, born Newfoundland [now Canada], 1858\u20131924)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1858", "death_year": "1924", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-02-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1915, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1915\u201318", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:59:12.007000"}, {"id": 128838, "accession_number": "1951.453", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Altarpiece with The Passion of Christ, c. 1440s. Master of the Schl\u00e4gl Altarpiece (German). Oil and gold on wood; framed: 88.9 x 157.5 x 8.3 cm (35 x 62 x 3 1/4 in.); unframed: 74.3 x 69.8 cm (29 1/4 x 27 1/2 in.); part 1: 84.9 x 81.4 x 8.3 cm (33 7/16 x 32 1/16 x 3 1/4 in.); part 2: 84.6 x 152.2 x 8.3 cm (33 5/16 x 59 15/16 x 3 1/4 in.); part 3: 84.6 x 78.7 x 8.3 cm (33 5/16 x 31 x 3 1/4 in.); panel: 36.2 x 35 cm (14 1/4 x 13 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1951.453", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "Altarpiece with The Passion of Christ", "creation_date": "c. 1440s", "creation_date_earliest": 1440, "creation_date_latest": 1449, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "oil and gold on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 88.9 x 157.5 x 8.3 cm (35 x 62 x 3 1/4 in.); Unframed: 74.3 x 69.8 cm (29 1/4 x 27 1/2 in.); Part 1: 84.9 x 81.4 x 8.3 cm (33 7/16 x 32 1/16 x 3 1/4 in.); Part 2: 84.6 x 152.2 x 8.3 cm (33 5/16 x 59 15/16 x 3 1/4 in.); Part 3: 84.6 x 78.7 x 8.3 cm (33 5/16 x 31 x 3 1/4 in.); Panel: 36.2 x 35 cm (14 1/4 x 13 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.889, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.575, "width_inch": 62, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.743, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.698, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "part 1": {"height": 0.849, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.814, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "part 2": {"height": 0.846, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.522, "width_inch": 59, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "part 3": {"height": 0.846, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.787, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "panel": {"height": 0.362, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.35, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Westfa\u0308lische Maler der Spa\u0308tgotik 1440-1490</em>, Landesmuseum, Munster, German (June 20 - September30, 1952).", "opening_date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Schl\u00e4gl Abbey, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1930s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1951", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 2012 the museum's conservation department created a new frame that was stylistically more appropriate for this altarpiece.", "description": "The visual focus of this altarpiece is the suffering and death of Christ on the cross. So-called Passion cycles in art include the events leading up to and following the Crucifixion, not only as single subjects but as scenes meant to be read in sequence. Passion cycles were promoted by the two great teaching orders, the Franciscans and the Dominicans, for whom this subject represented the main religious drama of their churches, and also by the German mystics who advocated private contemplation on the humanity and suffering of Christ. The original context for this altarpiece remains unknown, but it was probably made for a religious institution in Westphalia in the Rhine Valley. During the 1870s it was given to the Abbey of Schl\u00e4gl, near Linz in Upper Austria, from which both altarpiece and artist take their names. The altarpiece is not preserved today in its original format, and some of the individual scenes are missing. Scholars continue to debate the original number of scenes and their sequencing; nine of the original panels have survived.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515888"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.453-altarpiece-with-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Tietze, Hans \"Ein Passionszyklus im Stift Schl\u00e4gl,\" <em>Jahrbuch des kunsthistorischen Instituts der Zentralkommission f\u00fcr Denkmalpflege</em> VII (1913).", "page_number": "pp. 173-81, 187", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Heise, Carl Georg. <em>Norddeutsche malerei: Studien zur ihrer Entwicklungsgeschichte im 15</em>. [i.e. fu\u0308nfzehnten] Jahrhundert von Ko\u0308ln bis Hamburg. Leipzig: K. Wolff, 1918.", "page_number": "pp. 68-69, fig. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hugelschofer, Walter \"Der Hochaltar von 1457 des Klosters Marienfeld in Westfalen,\" <em>Zeitschrift f\u00fcr bildende Kunst</em> n.s. XXXVI (1926-1927).", "page_number": "p. 184", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hainisch, Erwin \"Schlagl, 2 in Georg Dehio,\" <em>Hanbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmaler II: Osterreich</em> (Vienna and Berlin, 1935).", "page_number": "p. 584", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sommer, Johannes \"Johann Koerbecke, der Meister des Marienfelder Altares von 1457,\" <em>Westfalen </em>XVI (1937).", "page_number": "p. 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stange, Alfred. <em>Deutsche Malerei der Gotik 3</em>. Mu\u0308nchen u.a: Dt. Kunstverl, 1938.", "page_number": "figs. 273-74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Busch, Harald<em>. Meister des Nordens; die Altniederdeutsche Malerei, 1450-1550</em>. Hamburg: Ellermann, 1943.", "page_number": "p. 66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rensing, Theodor \"Der Meister von Schoppingen,\" <em>Westfallen</em>, XXVII (1948).", "page_number": "pp. 224, 240-241", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Ku\u0308nstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart</em> Bd. 37. Bd. 37. 1950.", "page_number": "pp. 301-02", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Landesmuseum fu\u0308r Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Mu\u0308nster, and Paul Pieper. <em>Westfa\u0308lische Maler der Spa\u0308tgotik 1440-1490: [Ausstellung] Landesmuseum fu\u0308r Kunst und Kulturgeschichte Mu\u0308nster Westfalen, 20. Juni-30. September 1952.</em> Mu\u0308nster: Das Museum, 1952.", "page_number": "cat nos. 76-84", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cThe Schlaegl Altarpiece.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 39, no. 8 (1952).", "page_number": "pp. 210-211", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141826"}, {"citation": "Stange, Alfred. <em>Deutsche Malerei der Gotik: Bd 6 Nordwestdeutschland in der Zeit von 1450 bis 1515. </em>Munchen: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1954.", "page_number": "pp. 75-6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Early German Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>American-German Review </em>XXI/2 (1954-55).", "page_number": "p. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 455", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n83"}, {"citation": "Rensing, Theodor. <em>Der Meister von Scho\u0308ppingen</em>. [Mu\u0308nchen]: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1959.", "page_number": "p. 36-37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"The Stag Hunt.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>46, no. 9 (November 1959): 198-205.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142361"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n91"}, {"citation": "Stange, Alfred.<em> Kritisches Verzeichnis der deutschen Tafelbilder vor Du\u0308rer.</em> (Mu\u0308nchen): Bruckmann, 1967.", "page_number": "p. 178, no. 579", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n91"}, {"citation": "Puttfarken, Thomas.<em> Meister Francke und die Kunst um 1400</em>. Ausstellung zur Jahrhundert-Feier der Hamburger Kunsthalle, 30. Aug. bis 19. Okt. 1969. (Hamburg: Hamburger Kunsthalle, 1969.", "page_number": "pp. 37-38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Musper, H. Theodor.<em> Altdeutsche Malerei.</em> [Ko\u0308ln]: M. DuMont Schauberg, 1970.", "page_number": "p. 49-50, repr. no. 39", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings Before 1500</em>. Cleveland: The Museum, 1974. .", "page_number": "pp. 31-33, color plate VIII, cat no. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n95"}, {"citation": "Bologna, Ferdinando. <em>Napoli e le rotte mediterranee della pittura: da Alfonso il Magnanimo a Ferdinando il Cattolico.</em> Napoli: Societa\u0300 napoletana di storia patria, 1978.", "page_number": "figs. 47-49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Real, William A. \u201cExploring New Applications for Infrared Reflectography.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 8 (December 1985): 390\u2013412.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 409, pl. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159923"}, {"citation": "<em>Schlagler gemaldekatalog: geschichte der schlager gemaldesammlung und bildergalerie, verzeichnis der vorhandenen gemalde</em>. [LINZ, AUSTRIA]: [STIFT SCHLAGL], 1987.", "page_number": "pp. 49-51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mellinkoff, Ruth. <em>Outcasts: Signs of Otherness in Northern European Art of the Late Middle Ages</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.", "page_number": "vol 2, pl. IX.24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brunet, Jacqueline, Gennaro Toscano, and Sylvie Be\u0301guin. <em>Les Granvelle et l'Italie au XVIe sie\u0300cle: le me\u0301ce\u0301nat d'une famille : actes du colloque international.</em> Besanc\u0327on: Ce\u0302tre, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 32-33, repr. fig. 9, p. 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Be, Kenneth, \"The Case of the Altered Altarpiece\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 03, March 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: cover, p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-03/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 88, p. 238-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 256, repr. p. 257-59, no. 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel.<em> A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages</em>. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 84, fig. 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.453", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "515", "filesize": "173223", "filename": "1951.453_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1386", "filesize": "992114", "filename": "1951.453_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_full.tif", "width": "5576", "height": "2274", "filesize": "38075724", "filename": "1951.453_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "697", "filesize": "726679"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1877", "filesize": "5046717"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "3392", "filesize": "62553096"}, "date_created": "2006-11-16T17:22:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "842", "height": "893", "filesize": "645127"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3204", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8006930"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3929", "height": "4170", "filesize": "49186972"}, "date_created": "2006-11-16T17:26:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "695", "filesize": "740279"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1871", "filesize": "4983977"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5865", "height": "3227", "filesize": "56811068"}, "date_created": "2006-11-16T16:55:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "662", "filesize": "714327"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1782", "filesize": "4878906"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5838", "height": "3060", "filesize": "53624708"}, "date_created": "2006-11-16T17:06:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "669", "filesize": "737636"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1801", "filesize": "5154061"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "3254", "filesize": "60009780"}, "date_created": "2006-11-16T17:17:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "350", "filesize": "354048"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "941", "filesize": "2211207"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.453/1951.453_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5966", "height": "1652", "filesize": "29597032"}, "date_created": "2006-10-17T13:52:27", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128838, "creators": [{"id": 2639, "description": "Master of the Schl\u00e4gl Altarpiece (German)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-11-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1440, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1440s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:39:20.264000"}, {"id": 142277, "accession_number": "1966.114", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "White-Ground Lekythos (Oil Vessel): Atalanta and Erotes, 500\u2013490 BCE. Attributed to Douris (Greek, Attic, active c. 500\u2013470 BCE). Ceramic; overall: 31.8 cm (12 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1966.114", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "White-Ground Lekythos (Oil Vessel): Atalanta and Erotes", "creation_date": "500\u2013490 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -500, "creation_date_latest": -490, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 31.8 cm (12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.318, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Leo Mildenberg, Zurich, Switzerland, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Eros, god of love, appears three times on this vase.", "description": "Known as \"white-ground\" because of the white clay slip applied as a surface for figural decoration, vases of this type give some idea of the appearance of lost ancient large-scale wall paintings. Both remarkably well preserved and masterfully composed, the images cover the entire circumference of the vase. At the center, Atalanta, the virgin huntress renowned for both her speed and her opposition to marriage, races to the right while looking back at Eros, the winged god of love; both figures are named. This Eros, bounding forward, tries to crown her, while two additional Erotes (also named) further hem her in. Love will win.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757832"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.114-white-ground-lekytho"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 275976", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/9654108D-7528-4E08-B721-1910261E00C2"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n44"}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"Atalanta in Cleveland.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>53, no. 8 (October 1966): 318 - 325<em>. </em>", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 318-325", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152115"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 32-33", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n42"}, {"citation": "Simon, Erika. <em>Meleager Und Atalante: ein Sp\u00e4tantiker Wandbehang.</em> Bern: Abegg-Stiftung, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 17-18; Reproduced p. 18 fig. 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D.<em> Paralipomena: Additions to Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters and to Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters </em>(Second Edition). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 376, No. 266BIS", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg.<em> Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 21, plates 32-34, 35, I", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/browseCVARecord.asp?id={9654108D-7528-4E08-B721-1910261E00C2}&startRef="}, {"citation": "Boulter, Cedric G. \"The Douris Lekythos in Cleveland.\" <em>American Journal of Archaeology</em> 79, no. 3 (1975): 282-83.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kurtz, Donna. <em>Athenian White Lekythoi: Patterns and Painters.</em> Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 27-32, 128, 200. Reproduced p. 29, 78, Plates 10.2, 11.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Jay Gates, and Gabriel P. Weisberg. \u201cThe Art Museum and the High School: The Advanced Placement Approach to the History of Art.\u201d <em>Art Journal</em> 35, no. 1 (1975): 33\u201336.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 35, fig. 2.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/775840"}, {"citation": "Boardman, John. <em>Athenian Red Figure Vases, the Archaic Period : A Handbook.</em> London: Thames and Hudson, 1975.", "page_number": "P. 139, fig. 294.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Moon, Warren G. and Louise Berge. <em>Greek Vase-Painting in Midwestern Collections</em>. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 184-185, cat. 104", "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0045%3Aentry%3D104"}, {"citation": "Schefold, Karl, and Franz Jung. <em>Die G\u00f6ttersage in Der Klassischen Und Hellenistischen Kunst</em>. M\u00fcnchen: Hirmer, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. T<em>he World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 14, fig. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boardman, John. \u201cAtalanta.\u201d <em>Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies</em> 10 (1983): 3\u201319. https://doi.org/10.2307/4104327.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H., J. D. Beazley, Thomas Mannack, Melanie Mendonc\u0327a, and Lucilla Burn.<em> Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 &amp; Paralipomena</em>. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n23"}, {"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H. <em>Art and Myth in Ancient Greece: A Handbook. </em>London: Thames and Hudson, 1991.", "page_number": "fig. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galinsky, Karl. \u201cVenus, Polysemy, and the Ara Pacis Augustae.\u201d <em>American Journal of Archaeology</em> 96, no. 3 (1992): 457\u201375.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/506068"}, {"citation": "Scheibler, Ingeborg. <em>Griechische Malerei Der Antike</em>. M\u00fcnchen: C.H. Beck, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 114, #48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tortora, Phyllis G., and Keith Eubank. <em>A Survey of Historic Costume : A History of Western Dress</em>. 2nd ed. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 38, reproduced p. 47 Fig. 3.5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Reeder, Ellen D.<em> Pandora: Women in Classical Greece</em>. Baltimore, Md: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery in association with Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1995.", "page_number": "p. 71, fig. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buitron-Oliver, Diana. \"Stories from the Trojan Cycle in the Work of Douris.\" In Jane B. Carter, and Sarah P. Morris, eds. <em>The Ages of Homer: A Tribute to Emily Townsend Vermeule.</em> 1st ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995. 437-447.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 448-430, reproduced figs. 27.5-27.7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Buitron-Oliver, Diana<em>. Douris: A Master-Painter of Athenian Red-Figure Vases.</em> Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, 1995.", "page_number": "PL.31, NO.47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barringer, Judith M. \"Atalanta as Model: The Hunter and the Hunted.\" <em>Classical Antiquity</em> 15, no. 1 (1996)", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 73, reproduced fig. 29", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25011031"}, {"citation": "March, Jennifer R. <em>Cassell Dictionary of Classical Mythology.</em> London: Cassell, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 153, fig. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Immerwahr, Henry R.<em> A Corpus of Attic Vase Inscriptions (CAVI).</em> [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1998.", "page_number": "p. 792,  no. 3204", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 116, no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scanlon, Thomas Francis. <em>Eros and Greek Athletics</em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned p.182, reproduced fig. 7-1.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Barringer, Judith M. <em>The Hunt in Ancient Greece. </em>Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Figs. 92-93, pp. 168-169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oakley, John Howard.<em> Picturing Death in Classical Athens: The Evidence of the White Lekythoi.</em> New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.", "page_number": "plate 4a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dipla, Anthi, \"Eros the mediator: Persuasion and seduction in pursuit, courting and wedding scenes.\"<em> Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry </em>6, no. 2 (2006): 19-35.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 21, footnote 9.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>Director's Choice:The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 12-13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 34-35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and David Franklin. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 12-13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dipla, Anthi and Dimitris Paleothodoros, \"Selected for the Dead: Erotic Themes on Grave Vases from Attic Cemeteries,\" in Danielsson, Ing-Marie Back, Fredrik Fahlander, and Ylva Sj\u00f6strand, eds. <em>Encountering Imagery: Materialities, Perceptions, Relations.</em> Stockholm: Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Stockholm University, 2012. p. 209-233", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 225", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 81", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vergara Cerqueira, F\u00e1bio. \"Abordagens mitol\u00f3gicas na iconografia funer\u00e1ria da cer\u00e2mica \u00e1tica (510-450 A.C.): repensando a periodiza\u00e7\u00e3o.\" <em>Classica: Revista Brasileira de Estudos Cl\u00e1ssicos </em>27, no 1. (2014): 83-128", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 114 note 40.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Williams, Dyfri. \"Beyond the Berlin Painter: Toward a Workshop View.\" In <em>The Berlin Painter and His World: Athenian Vase-Painting in the Early Fifth Century B.C. </em>J. Michael Padgett,J ed., 144-187. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Art Museum; New Haven, Connecticut: Distributed by Yale University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171, fig. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hopper, Robin. <em>Functional Pottery: Form and Aesthetic in Pots of Purpose. </em>2017.", "page_number": "p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rodr\u00edguez L\u00f3pez, Mar\u00eda Isabel. \u201cAtalante and Hippomenes: Iconographic Recreation of a Myth\u201d. <em>Eik\u00f3n / Imago</em> 7 (June 11, 2018): 167\u2013196", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 170-171; reproduced Fig. 1", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5209/eiko.73574"}, {"citation": "Zachari, Vasiliki, Elise Lehoux and Noe\u0301mie Hosoi. <em>La Cite\u0301 des Regards: autour de Franc\u0327ois Lissarrague</em>. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Esteban Santos, Alicia. \"Iconography of Themes in Greek Lyric: The Example of Anacreon's Poetry,\" In Alejandro Cantarero de Salaza, Alicia Esteban Santos, and Leonardo de Arrizabalaga y Prado eds.,<em> Greek Lyric Poetry and Its Influence: Texts, Iconography, Music and Cinema.</em> Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publisher, 2020. p. 213-259", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 220-221, reproduced p. 220", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Reid, Heather. \u201cHeroic <em>Parthenoi</em> and the Virtues of Independence: A Feminine Philosophical Perspective on the Origins of Women\u2019s Sport.\u201d <em>Sport, Ethics and Philosophy</em> 14, no.4 (2020): 511\u201324.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 516", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H. <em>Art and Myth in Ancient Greece</em>. New edition. London: Thames and Hudson, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; pp. 87-88, fig. 79.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.114", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_web.jpg", "width": "555", "height": "893", "filesize": "241775", "filename": "1966.114_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_print.jpg", "width": "2114", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3615801", "filename": "1966.114_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_full.tif", "width": "3790", "height": "6096", "filesize": "69332480", "filename": "1966.114_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "566", "height": "893", "filesize": "244215"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2154", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3666300"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3862", "height": "6096", "filesize": "70649228"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:46:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "565", "height": "893", "filesize": "242742"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2150", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3636768"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3854", "height": "6096", "filesize": "70502924"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:46:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "558", "height": "893", "filesize": "239209"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2123", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3577231"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3806", "height": "6096", "filesize": "69625100"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:46:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "850", "filesize": "787573"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2289", "filesize": "4935032"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.114/1966.114_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6084", "height": "4096", "filesize": "74781164"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:46:38", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142277, "creators": [{"id": 10899, "description": "Douris (Greek, Attic, active c. 500\u2013470 BCE)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500\u2013490 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:37.094000"}, {"id": 143381, "accession_number": "1967.29", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Front Face of a Stela (Free-standing Stone with Relief), 692. Mesoamerica, Guatemala, Department of the Pet\u00e9n, El Per\u00fa (also known as Waka'), Maya (250-900), Classic period (200-1000). Limestone; overall: 274.4 x 182.3 cm (108 1/16 x 71 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1967.29", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Front Face of a Stela (Free-standing Stone with Relief)", "creation_date": "692", "creation_date_earliest": 692, "creation_date_latest": 692, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mesoamerica, Guatemala, Department of the Pet\u00e9n, El Per\u00fa (also known as Waka'), Maya (250-900), Classic period (200-1000)"], "technique": "limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 274.4 x 182.3 cm (108 1/16 x 71 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.744, "height_inch": 108, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.823, "width_inch": 71, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(John A. Stokes, Jr., New York, NY, 1967, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1967-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": "Guatemala, Department of the Pet\u00e9n, El Per\u00fa (also known as Waka')", "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The powerful Maya queen shown on this stela is known as Lady K\u2019abel.", "description": "In stone sculpture, Maya rulers celebrated the milestones of their reigns with flamboyant portraits like this image of a royal woman, created to mark the passage of a twenty-year period known as the k\u2019atun. She originally stood in a plaza next to a portrait of her spouse (see photo), with whom she ruled El Per\u00fa-Waka\u2019, a provincial Maya town. A member of the powerful dynasty of a nearby Maya center, she seems to have held higher authority than her husband, serving as a military governor. Her costume reflects her status: the headdress has a fan of green quetzal feathers and her jewelry probably refers to jade-both among the most prized of ancient materials. Jade beads also may form the net over her garment, belted with the head of a fish-like creature. Completing the costume are the scepter and shield she grasps in her hands. The dwarf at her side may be a court attendant. The hieroglyphic text refers to important dynastic dates.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781036"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.29-front-face-of-a-stel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Alex, Bridget, \"Jungle Realm of the Snake Queens,\" <em>Archaeology</em> 76 (January/February 2023).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 51-52; reproduced p. 49.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 10 (1967)", "page_number": "pp. 338, 342", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 293", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n317"}, {"citation": "Mesa Redonda de Palenque, and Merle Greene Robertson. <em>Primera, Mesa Redonda De Palenque</em>. 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Kathryn Brown, eds., <em>A Forest of History: The Maya after the Emergence of Divine Kingship\u201d</em>, Denver: University of Colorado Press, 2020.", "page_number": "pp. 67-87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Houston, Stephen D., Stephen D. Houston, and Michael D. Coe. <em>A Maya Universe in Stone.</em> 2021.", "page_number": "p. 9, fig. 2B", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Navarro-Farr, Olivia C., \u201cBurial 61 at El Per\u00fa-Waka\u2019s Structure M13-3.\u201d <em>Latin American Antiquity </em>32 (1) (2021).", "page_number": "pp. 188-200, illustrated Fig. 2, p. 190.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alex, Bridget. \u201cSnake Queens.\u201d <em>Archaeology</em> January/February 2023.", "page_number": "pp. 48-55.  Reproduced p. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan E. \"'The Art of Those Who Lived Here Before the White Man Came': Collecting the Ancient Americas at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>Collecting the \u201cOther Americas\u201d: Ancient Americas Collections in American Art Museums, </em>edited by Victoria I. Lyall, and Ellen Hoobler, 67- 82. Denver, Colorado: Mayer Center for Ancient and Latin American Art at the Denver Art Museum, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75-76, fig. 13", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.29", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "900", "filesize": "277248", "filename": "1967.29_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_print.jpg", "width": "2328", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2786476", "filename": "1967.29_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_full.tif", "width": "10607", "height": "15492", "filesize": "493014868", "filename": "1967.29_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "900", "filesize": "254689"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2287", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2629486"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10764", "height": "16000", "filesize": "516713588"}, "date_created": "2014-02-03T16:29:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "581", "height": "900", "filesize": "236481"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2195", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2484392"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10329", "height": "16000", "filesize": "495833092"}, "date_created": "2014-02-03T16:55:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "627", "height": "900", "filesize": "257645"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2367", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2724895"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt2_full.tif", "width": "10839", "height": "15569", "filesize": "506296084"}, "date_created": "2014-02-03T16:33:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "594", "height": "900", "filesize": "263347"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2245", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2758126"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt3_full.tif", "width": "10360", "height": "15691", "filesize": "487714792"}, "date_created": "2014-02-03T16:39:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "301234"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3168150"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt4_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "16000", "filesize": "576039552"}, "date_created": "2014-02-03T16:51:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "612", "height": "893", "filesize": "518971"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2332", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7017504"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.29/1967.29_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3034", "height": "4424", "filesize": "40295828"}, "date_created": "2010-04-01T19:15:38", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jon A. Lindseth and Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Galleries of the Ancient Americas", "athena_id": 143381, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 692, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "692", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:22:16.145000"}, {"id": 302209, "accession_number": "2017.100", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Colonel Charles Heathcote, c. 1771\u201372. Joseph Wright of Derby (British, 1734\u20131797). Oil on canvas; 127 x 100 cm (50 x 39 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2017.100", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Colonel Charles Heathcote", "creation_date": "c. 1771\u201372", "creation_date_earliest": 1771, "creation_date_latest": 1772, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England"], "technique": "Oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "127 x 100 cm (50 x 39 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 1.27, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.0, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306886, "title": "Recent Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Recent Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 17-June 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Recent Acquisitions 2014-2017. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art (March 17, 2018 - June 6, 2018)", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Colonel Charles Heathcote (1730\u20131803) and by descent", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1771-2 - 1985", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, April 26, 1985, no. 113)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Private Collection, USA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, November 12, 1997, no. 69)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, June 8, 1999, no. 13)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, January 26, 2011, no. 35)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2011", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Private Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011 - 2017", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Thos. Agnew and Sons Ltd., London, from whom purchased by the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2017", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2017-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The handful of small-scale, full-length portraits Wright painted early in his career include his earliest experiments in landscape painting.", "description": "Assuming a relaxed but commanding pose, Colonel Charles Heathcote (1734\u20131797) stands beside a large oak tree in the foreground of an expansive landscape. He wears military dress, the single epaulette on his right shoulder designating his rank as colonel. Wright\u2019s composition demonstrates his new-found fascination with landscape: while the figure is relatively smoothly painted, the landscape is painted far more energetically, using thickly applied daubs of color.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482915"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2017.100-portrait-of-colonel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bemrose, William, W. Cosmo Monkhouse, and Francis Seymour Haden. <em>The Life and Works of Joseph Wright, A.R.A., Commonly Called \"Wright of Derby\"</em>. London, 1885.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. <em>Joseph Wright of Derby: Painter of Light.</em> London: Paul Mellon Foundation for British Art; Routledge and K. Paul, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 17, 36 and 203 (no. 79); Reproduced: vol. 2, pl. 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Egerton, Judy. In <em>Wright of Derby, </em>p. 75 (under no. 31). Exh. cat. London: Tate Gallery Publications, 1990.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Egerton, Judy. <em>National Gallery Catalogues: The British School</em> . London: National Gallery Publications, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wright, Amina. In <em>Joseph Wright of Derby: Bath and Beyond</em>. Exh. cat. Bath: The Holburne Museum, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Faroult, Guillaume. <em>De Gainsborough a\u0300 Turner: l'a\u0302ge d'or du paysage et du portrait anglais dans les collections du muse\u0301e du Louvre</em>. Exh. cat. Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Art et d\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie de Valence, and Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Quimper, in association with Milan: Silvana, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 146 (under no. 33)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Masterpiece London (Art fair) London, England) (2018 : Masterpiece London 2018 Magazine. London: Apollo, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wieseman, Marjorie E. and Korkow, Cory. \"Acquisition Highlights. European Painting and Sculpture, 1500-1800.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>58, no. 2 (March/April 2018): 21-22.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 5, 22; Mentioned: P. 7, 21, 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n1/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\"Reimagining the British Galleries: Our curators preview the new look of the space.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 59, no. 6 (November/December 2019): 5-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 7.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-06/page/n3/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2017.100", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "900", "filesize": "282129", "filename": "2017.100_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_print.jpg", "width": "2717", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3827009", "filename": "2017.100_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_full.tif", "width": "11393", "height": "14258", "filesize": "487354648", "filename": "2017.100_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "900", "filesize": "294210"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2776", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3733551"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5758", "height": "7052", "filesize": "121846968"}, "date_created": "2017-11-17T09:04:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "900", "filesize": "212202"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2744", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3523448"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.100/2017.100_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5927", "height": "7343", "filesize": "130595284"}, "date_created": "2017-08-09T15:17:55", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 302209, "creators": [{"id": 25419, "description": "Joseph Wright of Derby (British, 1734\u20131797)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1734", "death_year": "1797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2017-09-11T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1771, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1771\u201372", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:53:58.427000"}, {"id": 156593, "accession_number": "1992.298", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Secret Life, 1928. Ren\u00e9 Magritte (Belgian, 1898\u20131967). Oil on canvas; unframed: 57.2 x 75.9 x 2.9 cm (22 1/2 x 29 7/8 x 1 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Lockwood Thompson, 1992.298. \u00a9  C. Herscovici / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "The Secret Life", "creation_date": "1928", "creation_date_earliest": 1928, "creation_date_latest": 1928, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Belgium, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 57.2 x 75.9 x 2.9 cm (22 1/2 x 29 7/8 x 1 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.572, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.759, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.029, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  C. Herscovici / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  Magritte [inscribed on back:  \"LA VIE SECR\u00c8TE\" (II.) 20P.]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311552, "title": "Selected Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Selected Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 9-April 11, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-02-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 360357, "title": "The Magritte Machine", "description": "<i>The Magritte Machine</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (September 14, 2021-January 30, 2022) https://www.museothyssen.org/exposiciones/maquina-magritte; Fundaci\u00f3 \"la Caixa\", Barcelona, Spain (February 24-June 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA (organizer). Beijing World Art Museum, China, May 26 - Aug. 27, 2006; Mori Arts Center, Tokyo, Japan: Sept. 9 - Nov. 26, 2006; Seoul Arts Center, Seoul, Korea: Dec. 18, 2006 - March 31, 2007; Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, Seoul, Korea: Apr. 7 - May 20, 2007; Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: June 9 - Sept. 16, 2007; Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 21, 2007- January 13, 2008;  Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN, Feb. 21-June 1, 2008; Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT, June 22 - September 21, 2008; and the Detroit Institute of Arts, MI, October 12, 2008 - January 18, 2009:  \"Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2006-05-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Probably Paul-Gustave van Hecke/Galerie L'Epoque/Galerie le Centaure, Brussels)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->In his 1992 catalogue raisonn\u00e9, David Sylvester notes that a \u201cGS\u201d label on the back of the painting indicates that was in van Hecke\u2019s stock at the Galerie l\u2019Epoque at the time its takeover by Galerie le Centaure in early 1929.&nbsp; Currently, there are no labels or markings on the back of the painting, likely at least in part because the stetcher appears new, possibly dating to after Sylvester\u2019s catalogue raisonn\u00e9. The path the painting took from van Hecke to Cosyn is unknown.&nbsp; Magritte\u2019s contract was initially with van Hecke and Galerie l\u2019Epoque, and he then remained under contract with Galerie le Centaure until it closed in 1932.&nbsp; On October 21 of that year, it held a liquidation sale of its stock, but the Cleveland picture is not among the works listed.&nbsp; In 1932, E.L.T. Mesens, director, under owner van Hecke, of L\u2019Epoque from 1928, bought up 150 of Magritte\u2019s works at the liquidation sale of Le Centaure and became the artist\u2019s dealer, and so Mesens may have been involved in the painting\u2019s provenance after the dissolution of Galerie le Centaure.&nbsp; Or, because <em>Secret Life </em>does not appear in the catalogue of the liquidation sale, Mesens may also have acquired the painting prior to 1932.&nbsp; However, exhibitions of Magritte\u2019s work mounted by Mesens in 1931 and as late as 1937 do not include the CMA painting.</div><div><!--block--><br><br></div>"], "date": "By 1929", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Lou Cosyn, Brussels, sold to Lockwood Thompson)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->In 1942, Lou Cosyn, along with her husband Camille Goemans, whose relationship with Magritte went back to the late 1920s, opened a gallery in Brussels.&nbsp; Cosyn remained Magritte\u2019s dealer until 1947.&nbsp; In 1943, they held an exhibition in semi-secrecy in order to escape the notice of the occupying Germans.&nbsp; There does not appear to have been a catalogue for this exhibition, so it is not known whether the Cleveland picture was among the exhibited works. Cosyn sold the painting to Lockwood Thompson, an American GI, in November 1945.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1945", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Lockwood Thompson (1901-1992), Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->When Thompson purchased the painting, a length of rope looped at the center served as the painting\u2019s \u201cframe.\u201d While there are no other known instances of Magritte\u2019s having used this framing device, it likely originated with the artist.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1945-1992\n\n:", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1982-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is the first of many paintings Magritte made with the title <em>The Secret Life</em>.", "description": "An important Surrealist active in Brussels and Paris, Ren\u00e9 Magritte used traditional painting techniques to create images of realistically rendered objects juxtaposed illogically. Magritte and other Surrealists were inspired by the poetry of Isidore Ducasse (1846\u20131870), who wrote under the pseudonym Comte de Lautr\u00e9amont, and defined beauty as \u201cthe chance meeting on a dissection table of a sewing machine and an umbrella.\u201d Magritte\u2019s visual paradoxes, which may seem contradictory or irrational, are designed to undermine our complacent belief in a stable, predictable world.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476836"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sylvester, David. <em>Magritte</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1992.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sylvester, David. <em>Magritte</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1992.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sylvester, David. <em>Magritte</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1992.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1992.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 2 (February 1993): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1992.298", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Lockwood Thompson", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 156593, "creators": [{"id": 3173, "description": "Ren\u00e9 Magritte (Belgian, 1898\u20131967)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1898", "death_year": "1967", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1992-12-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1928, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1928", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:42.371000"}, {"id": 318300, "accession_number": "2019.58", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Blue Rational/Irrational, 1969. Al Loving (American, 1935\u20132005). Acrylic on canvas; 147 x 322.5 cm (57 7/8 x 126 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the KeyBank Collection, 2019.58. \u00a9 The Estate of Al Loving and Garth Greenan Gallery, New York", "current_location": "224A Contemporary Corridor", "title": "Blue Rational/Irrational", "creation_date": "1969", "creation_date_earliest": 1964, "creation_date_latest": 1974, "artists_tags": ["male", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Acrylic on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "147 x 322.5 cm (57 7/8 x 126 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 1.47, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 3.225, "width_inch": 126, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 The Estate of Al Loving and Garth Greenan Gallery, New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443702, "title": "Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus", "description": "<i>Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-June 26, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Alvin Loving: Paintings</em>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (December 19, 1969\u2013January 25, 1970).", "opening_date": "1969-12-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Frieze Masters. </em>Garth Greenan Gallery, New York, NY (October 5 - October 9, 2016)", "opening_date": "2016-10-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(KeyBank Collection, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "early 1990s-2019", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2019-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This work debuted in <em>Al Loving: Paintings </em>(1969) at the Whitney Museum, the museum\u2019s first solo exhibition by an African American artist.", "description": "Across both canvases of this large-scale diptych, Loving evokes a three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface through strategic layerings of cubic forms and carefully calibrated color juxtapositions. Around the time Loving made this work he wrote, \u201cI am tired of objects on walls. The wall must be pierced, brought forward, pushed back.\u201d <em>Blue Rational/Irrational</em> is a bold manifestation of this sentiment.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79875896"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cochrane, Mary, ed. <em>The Appropriate Object.</em> Buffalo, NY: Albright-Knox Art Gallery, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 41- 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patel, Samir S, ed. <em>Energy/Experimentation: Black Artists and Abstraction 1964-1980. </em>New York: Studio Museum in Harlem, 2006.", "page_number": "54-55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooke, Lynne, Douglas Crimp, et al. <em>Outliers and American Vanguard Art</em>. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "96-97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Collection. \"Building Blocks: A Look at Al Loving's <em>Blue Rational/Irrational, </em>1969.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 3 (Summer 2020): 18-19.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 19; Mentioned: P. 18-19.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Yoder, Dean. \u201cHidden Complexities: The Conservation of Al Loving's <em>Blue Rational/Irrational</em>.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): 36-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 36, 37: Mentioned: P. 4, 36-37.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.58", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the KeyBank Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Betty and Max Ratner Gallery", "athena_id": 318300, "creators": [{"id": 63955, "description": "Al Loving (American, 1935\u20132005)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1935", "death_year": "2005", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2019-03-04T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1964, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1969", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:56.518000"}, {"id": 142476, "accession_number": "1966.238", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "John the Baptist, c. 1410. Robert Campin (Netherlandish, 1375/79\u20131444). Oil on oak panel; framed: 25 x 20 x 3 cm (9 13/16 x 7 7/8 x 1 3/16 in.); unframed: 17.3 x 11.6 cm (6 13/16 x 4 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1966.238", "current_location": "112 Northern Renaissance", "title": "John the Baptist", "creation_date": "c. 1410", "creation_date_earliest": 1410, "creation_date_latest": 1415, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "oil on oak panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 25 x 20 x 3 cm (9 13/16 x 7 7/8 x 1 3/16 in.); Unframed: 17.3 x 11.6 cm (6 13/16 x 4 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.25, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.2, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.03, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.173, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.116, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Dijon, Dijon, France (May 27-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220526, "title": "Die Geburt der Modern Malerei: Robert Campin, der Meister von Flemalle und Rogier van der Weyden", "description": "<i>Die Geburt der Modern Malerei: Robert Campin, der Meister von Flemalle und Rogier van der Weyden</i>. St\u00e4del Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (November 21, 2008-February 22, 2009); Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Gem\u00e4ldegalerie, Germany (March 20-June 21, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-11-21T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1966:  Golden Anniversary Acquisitions, cat. no. 58, repr. p. 179.", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dijon, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts of Dijon (May 28-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005) \"Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419).\"exh.cat.no.136, p.351, repr.p.352.", "opening_date": "2004-05-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Das St\u00e4del, Frankfurt am Main (11/21/2008 - 2/22/2009) and Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Gem\u00e4ldegalerie (3/20/2009 - 6/21/2009):  \"Die Geburt der Modern Malerei: Robert Campin, der Meister von Flemalle und Rogier van der Weyden\", ex. cat. no. 1, p. 181.", "opening_date": "2008-11-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Dukes of Clermont-Tonnerre; by descent, Nettancourt-Vaubecourt, Ch\u00e2teau Choiseul; Le Molt collection, Bourbonne-les-Bains; (Christie's London sale, June 26, 1964, no. 44); (Thomas P. Grange, London, 1966)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "According to tradition, John the Baptist wears a hair shirt under a white cloth, associated with newly baptized Christians. The flag bearing a red cross symbolizes resurrection. In marked contrast, the background features a lavish gold-patterned silk. The display of such luxurious fabrics continues an ancient tradition of using the finest objects in the worship of God. This painting has been cut down along the lower edge and would have originally shown a full-length image of the saint. It was probably the right wing of a triptych, with John the Baptist gazing upon a central image of the Virgin and Child. Campin first settled in Tournai around 1405-6 as a free master of the guild of painters, and he bought citizenship there in 1410, which suggests he was born elsewhere. Although heavily indebted to contemporary masters of manuscript illumination, Campin displayed greater powers of realistic observation than any other painter before him. He was one of the first artists to experiment with the use of oil-based colors, in lieu of egg-based tempera, to achieve the brilliant color typical of this period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18508770"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.238-john-the-baptist"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n90"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 7 (September 1966): 181\u2013284.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover; Mentioned: p. 279. no. 58", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n90"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 52, p. 146 - 149; colorplate, XXV", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n95"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \u201cA Newly Discovered Eyckian St. John the Baptist in a Landscape.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 4 (April 1981): 87\u2013109.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 87, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159721"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. <em>Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419 : Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005</em>. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 351-352, no. 136", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 273", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.238", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_web.jpg", "width": "609", "height": "893", "filesize": "524781", "filename": "1966.238_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_print.jpg", "width": "2320", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6702683", "filename": "1966.238_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_full.tif", "width": "3368", "height": "4935", "filesize": "49896032", "filename": "1966.238_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "611", "height": "893", "filesize": "197957"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2326", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2493269"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4188", "height": "6121", "filesize": "76927592"}, "date_created": "2012-03-29T15:48:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "636", "height": "893", "filesize": "161550"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2422", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2136256"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4538", "height": "6370", "filesize": "86745552"}, "date_created": "2012-03-29T15:52:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "893", "filesize": "124470"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2729", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1594875"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4703", "height": "5859", "filesize": "82688660"}, "date_created": "2012-03-29T12:20:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "580939"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2623", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7691021"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3857", "height": "5000", "filesize": "57887996"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "489", "filesize": "558466"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1316", "filesize": "3619807"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.238/1966.238_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "1936", "filesize": "29063276"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Lucia Smith Nash Gallery", "athena_id": 142476, "creators": [{"id": 2715, "description": "Robert Campin (Netherlandish, 1375/79\u20131444)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1375", "death_year": "1444", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1410, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1410", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:44:29.554000"}, {"id": 130392, "accession_number": "1953.156", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Return of the Holy Family to Nazareth, c. 1627. Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594\u20131665). Oil on canvas; framed: 159.5 x 124 x 14.5 cm (62 13/16 x 48 13/16 x 5 11/16 in.); unframed: 134 x 99 cm (52 3/4 x 39 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1953.156", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "The Return of the Holy Family to Nazareth", "creation_date": "c. 1627", "creation_date_earliest": 1622, "creation_date_latest": 1632, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 159.5 x 124 x 14.5 cm (62 13/16 x 48 13/16 x 5 11/16 in.); Unframed: 134 x 99 cm (52 3/4 x 39 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.595, "height_inch": 62, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.24, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.145, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "unframed": {"height": 1.34, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.99, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519732, "title": "The Arts of Man", "description": "<i>The Arts of Man</i>. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (October 4-November 15, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 411181, "title": "Poussin", "description": "<i>Poussin</i>. Dulwich Picture Gallery (organizer) (February 16-April 30, 1995).", "opening_date": "1995-02-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220985, "title": "The First Roman Years of Nicolas Poussin", "description": "<i>The First Roman Years of Nicolas Poussin</i>. Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rome (November 26, 1998-March 1, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205959, "title": "The Triumph of French Painting: Seventeenth Century Masterpieces from the Museums of FRAME [FRAME]", "description": "<i>The Triumph of French Painting: Seventeenth Century Masterpieces from the Museums of FRAME [FRAME]</i>. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (October 11, 2003-January 4, 2004); Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL (January 25-April 11, 2004); Meadows Museum (April 30-July 25, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 221921, "title": "Object Lessons: France in the Golden Age", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: France in the Golden Age</i>. Timken Museum of Art, San Diego, CA (organizer) (February 14-June 3, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-02-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Art Institute of Chicago, July 15-August 31, 1954: \"Masterpieces of Religious Painting in collaboration with the World Council of Churches,\" cat. no. 33, repr. p. 32.", "opening_date": "1954-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1956: \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. no. 30, repr. (Catalogue by Henry S Francis).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toledo (Ohio) Museum of Art January 4-February 2, 1959: \"Paintings and Drawings by Nicolas Poussin in American Museums,\" cat. p. 26, repr. fig. 14 (color) Minneapolis Isnitute of Art, February 11-March 10, 1959.", "opening_date": "1959-01-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris 1960, no. 52.", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, October 4-November 15, 1962: \"The Arts of Man,\" cat. no. 58, repr. p. 49.", "opening_date": "1962-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Worth, Texas, Kimbell Art Museum, September 24-November 27, 1988: Poussin. The Early Years in Rome,\"", "opening_date": "1988-09-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rome, Italy; Comune di Roma-Palazzo delle Esposizioni, 11/26/98 - 3/1/99 \"The first Roman Years of Nicolas Poussin\" (I primi anni romani.) Exhibition catalog no. 15, p. 66.", "opening_date": "1998-11-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Portland Art Museum, OR (10/11/2003 - 1/4/2004), Birmingham Museum of Art (1/25/2004 - 4/11/2004) and Meadows Museum, Southern Methodist University, Dallas (5/2/2004 - 7/25/2004): \"The Triumph of French Painting: 17th Century Masterpieces from the Museums of FRAME\", p. 94-95.", "opening_date": "2003-10-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Frederick Mont and Newhouse Galleries, New York, NY, sold to Rosenberg and Stiebel)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Mont was chosen by the Prince of Liechtenstein as sole agent for the sale of works from his collection.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1952-1953", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Princes of Liechtenstein, Vienna, and later, Vaduz1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The Liechtenstein seal in the lower right hand corner of the painting bears the date 1733 \u2013 the year the painting was first recorded in the Liechtenstein collection.&nbsp;</div><div><!--block--><br></div><div><!--block--><br></div>", ""], "date": "By 1733-1952", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Nicolas Poussin used wax figures and wetted paper or fabric to model the bodies in his paintings, helping him to capture the realistic folds, movement, and balance of light and shadow.", "description": "When King Herod learned that he would lose his throne to a child born in Bethlehem, he ordered all male infants to be massacred. Mary and Joseph thus fled to Egypt to protect their son, Jesus. The age of the boy in this painting suggests that Poussin depicted the less-common subject of the Holy Family\u2019s return from Egypt. Jesus reaches toward a vision of a cross borne by angels, a reference to both his eventual crucifixion and Herod\u2019s cruel slaughter of innocent children.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516301"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.156-the-return-of-the-ho"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Sept. 19, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, June 26, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Sept. 19, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, June 26, 2013, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Sept. 19, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.<br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerald Stiebel, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, June 26, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Dr. Reinhold Baumstark, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Nov. 28, 1977, in CMA curatorial file.<br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Thuillier, Jacques. <em>L'opera completa di Poussin</em>. Milano: Rizzoli, 1974.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wright, Christopher. <em>Poussin, Paintings: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1985.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Falke, J. <em>Katalog der Fu\u0308rstlich Liechtensteinischen Bildergallerie im Gartenpalais der Rossau zu Wien</em>. Wien: Miethke &amp; Wawra, 1873.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Descrizzione completa di tutto cio che ritrovasi nella galleria di pittura e scultura di sua altezza Giuseppe Wenceslao ... principe regnante della casa di Lichtenstein</em>. 1767.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cThe \u2018Flight into Egypt\u2019 by Nicolas Poussin.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 40, no. 10 (December 1953): 211\u2013213.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-213; Reproduced: Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141917"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 478", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, R. G. \u201cArt Is an Imitation of Nature.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 2 (February 1965): 34\u201344.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 35, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152034"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n140"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121-124; Reproduced: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldfarb, Hilliard T. \u201cA Pastoral Scene with Classical Figures by Claude Lorrain.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 4 (April 1983): 164\u2013171.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 170, fig. 14", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159813"}, {"citation": "Albl, Stefan, and Pietro Testa. Pietro Testa: Maler in Rom und Lucca (1612-1650). 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 253", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, and Christel Dupy. <em>Nicolas Poussin: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 de L\u2019Oeuvre Peint.</em> [Paris]: Flammarion, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 332-335, no. 82, Vol. II", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.156", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.156/1953.156_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "893", "filesize": "418306", "filename": "1953.156_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.156/1953.156_print.jpg", "width": "2500", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5803916", "filename": "1953.156_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.156/1953.156_full.tif", "width": "4411", "height": "6000", "filesize": "79430468", "filename": "1953.156_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.156/1953.156_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "552137"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.156/1953.156_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2714", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6930231"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.156/1953.156_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3204", "height": "4014", "filesize": "38626844"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T18:49:13", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 130392, "creators": [{"id": 1946, "description": "Nicolas Poussin (French, 1594\u20131665)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1594", "death_year": "1665", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-04-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1622, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1627", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Return to Nazareth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:01.116000"}, {"id": 149947, "accession_number": "1980.180", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Number 5, 1950, 1950. Jackson Pollock (American, 1912\u20131956). Oil on canvas; framed: 138 x 102 x 5 cm (54 5/16 x 40 3/16 x 1 15/16 in.); unframed: 136.5 x 99.1 cm (53 3/4 x 39 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1980.180. \u00a9 Pollock-Krasner Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "227 Abstract Expressionism", "title": "Number 5, 1950", "creation_date": "1950", "creation_date_earliest": 1950, "creation_date_latest": 1950, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 138 x 102 x 5 cm (54 5/16 x 40 3/16 x 1 15/16 in.); Unframed: 136.5 x 99.1 cm (53 3/4 x 39 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.38, "height_inch": 54, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.02, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.05, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.365, "height_inch": 53, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.991, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Pollock-Krasner Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304404, "title": "The Spirit of Surrealism", "description": "<i>The Spirit of Surrealism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 3-November 25, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1980</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 677076, "title": "Landscapes by Arnold Chang: A Retrospective and Recent Acquisitions \u5f35\u6d2a\u5c71\u6c34\u756b\u56de\u9867\u5c55", "description": "<i>Landscapes by Arnold Chang: A Retrospective and Recent Acquisitions \u5f35\u6d2a\u5c71\u6c34\u756b\u56de\u9867\u5c55</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-November 9, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-03-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Jackson Pollock. </em>Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, NY (November 28-December 16, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-11-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Jackson Pollock 1948-1951</em>. Studio Paul Facchetti, Paris, France (March 7-31, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Object and Image in Modern Art and Poetry</em>. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (April 30-June 14, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-04-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Pollock</em>. Museo de Arte Moderna, Sao Paulo, Brazil (1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The New American Painting</em>. Basel, Kunsthalle, (April 19-May 26, 1958); traveled to Hamburg, Kunstverein, (July 19-August 17, 1958); organized by the Museum of Modern Art, New York (International Council); possibly traveled to Galleria civica d'arte moderna, Milan, Italy (June 1-29, 1958); Hochscule fur Bildende Kunst, Berlin, Germany (September 1-October 1, 1958); Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (October 17-November 24, 1958); Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium (December 6, 1958-January 4, 1959); Tate Gallery, London, England (February 24- March 23, 1959); Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (May 28-September 8, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-04-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Jackson Pollock and the New American Painting</em>. Mus\u00e9e National D'Art Moderne, Paris, France (January 16-February 15, 1959); organized by the Museum of Modern Art, New York (International Council).", "opening_date": "1959-01-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Recent Acquisitions</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1959\u20131960).", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>First International Modern Art Exhibition</em>. Museo de Arte Moderno, Buenos Aires, Argentina (1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Painting and Sculpture and Graphic Art from the Museum Collection. </em>Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1962\u2013196\u000f3).", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Two Decades of Americian Painting, selected by Waldo Rasmussen</em>. Organized by Museum of Modern Art, New York, shown at: National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Japan, (October 15-November 27, 1966); National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Japan (December 10, 1966-January 22, 1967); Lalit Kala Akademi, New Delhi, India (March 28-April 15, 1967); National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (June 6-July 9, 1967); Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (July 17-August 13, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Art of the Real: An Aspect of American Painting and Sculpture 1948-1968. </em>Tate Gallery, London, England. Organized by the Museum of Modern Art, New York (International Council) (April 24-June 1, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-04-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Betty Parsons Gallery, New York, NY, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Walter Bareiss)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Walter [1919\u20132007] and Molly Bareiss [1920\u20132006], Greenwich, CT, given to the Museum of Modern Art, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950\u20131957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957\u20131980", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although he was born Paul Jackson Pollock, he always went by his middle name.", "description": "Jackson Pollock popularized the method of flinging pigment from store-bought cans of paint onto canvas placed flat on the floor. Filled with intricate webs of lines and intermingled spatters, paintings such as <em>Number 5, 1950 </em>are direct records of the artist\u2019s moving body and hand gestures. By creating this way, the artist explained, \u201cI feel nearer, more part of the painting, since this way I can walk around it, work from the four sides and literally be in the painting.\u201d In addition to their unconventional technique at the time, Pollock\u2019s \u201cdrip\u201d canvases feature compositions that cover their entire surfaces without an obvious center or direction, marking an innovative breakthrough in the history of modern art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474349"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Betty Parsons Gallery, Sales and Purchases: Sales Invoices, Barc-Bart, 1950-1973, Box 25, Folder 29, frame 3, Archives of American Art, New York, NY", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>Object and Image in Modern Art and Poetry: An Essay and an Exhibition at the Yale University Art Gallery, 30 April, 1954, through 14 June, 1954</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 1954.", "page_number": "cat. no. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hunter, Sam, Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), International Council of the Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and Bienal Internacional de Sa\u0303o Paulo 1957). <em>Pollock</em>. New York: The Council, 1957.", "page_number": "cat. no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>The New American Painting, as Shown in Eight European Countries, 1958-1959</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art; distributed by Doubleday, Garden City, NY, 1959.", "page_number": "cat. no. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Painting and Sculpture Acquisitions January 1, 1957 through December 31, 1957,\" <em>The Bulletin of the Museum of Modern Art</em> 25.4 (July 1958): 3\u201324.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e national d\u2019art moderne (France), and Jackson Pollock. J<em>ackson Pollock et La Nouvelle Peinture Ame\u0301ricaine</em>. Paris: Editions des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1959.", "page_number": "cat. no. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goossen, E. C.. <em>The Art of the Real; an Aspect of American Painting and Sculpture 1948-1968</em>. Great Britain. Arts Council. Catalogues. 1969. Volume 1. London: Arts Council, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 54, cat. no. 37; Reproduced: p. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "O\u2019Connor, Francis V. and Eugene Victor Thaw, eds. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of Paintings, Drawings, and Other Works.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 89, vol. 2, no. 266", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>The Spirit of Surrealism</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "cat. no. 94", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Has Purchased a Major Work by Jackson Pollock,\u201d January 6, 1981, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2845"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 6 (1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 106, pp. 163, 199, 214; Reproduced: no. 106, p. 198", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 81, pl. VIII; Mentioned and reproduced: P. 132, no. 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M., \"Geometric Means\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 05, May/June 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-05/page/6"}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry : Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 91, p. 121; Reproduced: p. 100", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146 - 147", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.86", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.180", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Frank H. and Nancy L. Porter Gallery", "athena_id": 149947, "creators": [{"id": 3591, "description": "Jackson Pollock (American, 1912\u20131956)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1912", "death_year": "1956", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-11-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1950, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1950", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 11:24:19.208000"}, {"id": 136311, "accession_number": "1960.193", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Arrival of the \"Southern Barbarians\" (\u5357\u86ee\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), c. 1600. Japan, Momoyama period (1573\u20131615). Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper; overall: 146.7 x 337.2 cm (57 3/4 x 132 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1960.193", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "Arrival of the \"Southern Barbarians\"", "title_in_original_language": "\u5357\u86ee\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "c. 1600", "creation_date_earliest": 1595, "creation_date_latest": 1605, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Momoyama period (1573\u20131615)"], "technique": "Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 146.7 x 337.2 cm (57 3/4 x 132 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.467, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 3.372, "width_inch": 132, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "<i>Japanese Decorative Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 378943, "title": "East-West in Art", "description": "<i>East-West in Art</i>. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (June 22-October 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "<i>Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309567, "title": "The Porcelain Connection", "description": "<i>The Porcelain Connection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-August 15, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "<i>Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310026, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "<i>Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1987-January 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310241, "title": "Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615)", "description": "<i>Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4-December 11, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Japanese Rotation (Gallery 237)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 29-December 23, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-05-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ogiware Yasunosuke", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Nagami Takutaro \u6c38\u898b \u5fb3\u592a\u90ce [1890\u20131950], Nagasaki, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Mayuyama and Company, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131960", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Europeans were called \"Southern Barbarians\" because their ships arrived in Japan from the south.", "description": "These screens show European merchants arriving in Japan. Almost certainly the persons represented are Portuguese, since they are accompanied by Roman Catholic priests. Early in the 1600s the Portuguese were forced out of Japan, chiefly because of internal difficulties caused by their missionaries. Later, between 1641 and 1853, the Dutch were the only Europeans permitted to trade with Japan but their presence was restricted to a port town in far western Japan, near present-day Nagasaki.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465474"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.193-arrival-of-the-south"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yoshida, Teruji \u5409\u7530\u668e\u4e8c. <em>Ukiyoe taisei</em> \u6d6e\u4e16\u7e6a\u5927\u6210. Tokyo \u6771\u4eac: Toho Shoin \u6771\u65b9\u66f8\u9662, Showa \u662d\u548c 5\u20136 [1930 \u20131931].", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 108\u2013110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Ho\u0304un </em>\u5bf3\u96f2, no. 4 (1932): pp. 64\u201383.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Buhot, Jean. \"Les Paravents Des Portugais: A Propos du Paravent du Mus\u00e9e Guimet.\" <em>Revue Des Arts Asiatiques</em> 12, no. 2/3 (June-September 1938): 113\u2013124.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 2\u20134", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/43474404"}, {"citation": "Okamoto, Yoshitomo \u5ca1\u672c\u826f\u77e5. <em>Nanban byo\u0304bu ko\u0304 </em>\u5357\u86ee\u5c5b\u98a8\u8003. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304shinsha, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: title page", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Narazaki, Muneshige \u6962\u5d0e \u5b97\u91cd. \"Japan's Trade with Western Countries\" <em>Kokka</em> no. 764 (November, 1955).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 361, pl. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kondo\u0304, Ichitaro\u0304 \u8fd1\u85e4\u5e02\u592a\u90ce. <em>Momoyama sho\u0304hekiga meisaku ten</em> \u6843\u5c71\u969c\u58c1\u753b\u540d\u4f5c\u5c55. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  no. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Zusetsu sekai bunkashi taikei </em>\u56f3\u8aaa\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u5927\u7cfb. Tokyo: Kadokawa shoten, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 23, part 4 , figs. 60\u201361", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review| 1960.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 47, no. 10 (1960): 223\u2013254.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 34, pp. 224\u2013225; Mentioned: no. 34, pp. 223 and 251", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142422"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Japanese Decorative Style</em>. Tokyo: Makoto Nakao, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 96-97; cat. no. 96", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n113"}, {"citation": "Von Ragu\u00e9, Beatrix. \"A Pair of Screens with the \"Southern Barbarians\".\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 2 (1965): 27\u201333.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152033"}, {"citation": "Narazaki, Muneshige \u6962\u5d0e \u5b97\u91cd. \"The Types of Namban Screens\" <em>Kokka </em>no. 881 (August, 1965): pp. 33\u201338.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 7\u20139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 280", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n304"}, {"citation": "Bowie, Theodore Robert, J. Leroy Davidson, and Rudolf Wittkower. <em>East-West in Art: Patterns of Cultural &amp; Aesthetic Relationships</em>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 186", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mayuyama, Junkichi \u7e6d\u5c71\u9806\u5409. <em>Japanese Art in the West</em>. [Tokyo]: Mayuyama &amp; Co, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 351; Reproduced: pp. 168\u2013169, pls. 198a and b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Katsuki Takashi. \"Namban Byobu.\" <em>Oriental Art</em>, vol. 13 (Winter, 1967).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Charleston, R. J., and John Ayers. <em>World Ceramics: An Illustrated History</em>. London: Hamlyn, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 67, pl. 187", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 280", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n304"}, {"citation": "Shimada, Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce. <em>Zaigai hiho\u0304: O\u0304bei shu\u0304zo\u0304 nihon kaiga shu\u0304sei </em>\u5728\u5916\u79d8\u5b9d : \u6b27\u7c73\u6536\u8535\u65e5\u672c\u7d75\u753b\u96c6\u6210.  Tokyo: Gakushu kenkyusha, Showa 44 [1969].", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, pt. 1, pls. 42 and 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grilli, Elise. <em>The Art of the Japanese Screen</em>. New York: Weatherhill, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 234\u2013235, pl. 130", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Okamoto, Yoshitomo \u5ca1\u672c\u826f\u77e5, and Takamizawa Tadao \u9ad8\u898b\u6ca2\u5fe0\u96c4. <em>Nanban byo\u0304bu </em>\u5357\u86ee\u5c5b\u98a8. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Kajima Shuppankai, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 179, pl. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru \u5742\u672c\u6e80, Tadashi Sugase \u83c5\u702c\u6b63, and Fujio\u0304 Naruse \u6210\u702c\u4e0d\u4e8c\u96c4. <em>Nanban bijutsu to Yo\u0304fu\u0304ga</em> \u5357\u86ee\u7f8e\u8853\u3068\u6d0b\u98a8\u753b. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakkan, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 52\u201353", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. <em>Japanese Culture; a Short History</em>. New York: Praeger, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 40 (left screen only)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Japanese Art in the West.\" <em>The Sun</em>, no. 21 (Winter, 1977): pp. 82-83.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum, 1977.", "page_number": "cat. no. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru \u5742\u672c\u6e80. <em>Fu\u0304zokuga: Nanban fu\u0304zoku </em>\u98a8\u4fd7\u753b: \u5357\u86ee\u98a8\u4fd7. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ko\u0304dnsha, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 88\u201389 and 92, pls. 97, 98, 105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru \u5742\u672c\u6e80. <em>Nanban byo\u0304bu</em> \u5357\u86ee\u5c5b\u98a8.  To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shibundo\u0304, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pl. 32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 378", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n398"}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Eastern Gate: An Invitation to the Arts of China and Japan</em>. Cleveland, OH: Collins, 1979.", "page_number": "pp. 228\u2013230", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vollmer, John, E. J. Keall, and E. Nagai-Berthrong. <em>Silk Roads, China Ships</em>. Toronto, ON: Royal Ontario Museum, 1983.", "page_number": "pp. 136, 181", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Fugetsu sansui \u98a8\u6708\u5c71\u6c34<em>.\" </em>Vol. 12 in <em>Nihon no isho\u0304</em> \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u610f\u5320. Yoshioka, Yukio \u5409\u5ca1\u5e78\u96c4, editor. Kyo\u0304to-shi: Kyo\u0304to Shoin, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 74\u201375, color pl. 75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tsutsui, Hiroichi \u7b52\u4e95\u7d18\u4e00 and Tatsuro\u0304 Akai \u8d64\u4e95\u9054\u90ce. <em>Chanoyu kaiga shiryo\u0304 shu\u0304sei </em>\u8336\u306e\u6e6f\u7d75\u753b\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u6210. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Heibonsha, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 31, no. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Steele, Marcia, \"A Royal Plaque\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 07, September 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-09/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. <em>Japanese Culture</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 150\u2013151, fig. 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. <em>Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: cat. no. 9, pp. 24\u201325", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rivero Lake, Rodrigo. <em>Namban: Art in Viceregal Mexico</em>. [Madrid]: Estilome\u0301xico Editores, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp.165\u2013167", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 182\u2013183", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Welsh, Jennifer L. \"Cultural Trends and Cross-Cultural Interest: The 'Southern Barbarian Screens,' and Early Modern Japan.\" <em>Japan Studies Association Journal </em>10 (2012).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164, ill. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 243; Reproduced: pp. 232\u2013233", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Usanov-Geissler, Nora. <em>Kyo\u0304to und seine Anderen: bildku\u0308nstlerische Imaginationen der Ku\u0308ste auf japanischen nanban byo\u0304bu</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Iudicium, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 79, figs. 55 and 56", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ware, Zaria. <em>Blk Art: The Audacious Legacy of Black Artists and Models in Western Art</em>. New York, NY : Harper Design, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 60\u201361", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.193", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193/1960.193_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "820", "filesize": "", "filename": "1960.193_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193/1960.193_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3098", "filesize": "", "filename": "1960.193_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193/1960.193_full.tif", "width": "13751", "height": "12528", "filesize": "", "filename": "1960.193_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193/1960.193_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "409", "filesize": "243473"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193/1960.193_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1544", "filesize": "2194337"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193/1960.193_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13767", "height": "6251", "filesize": "258240316"}, "date_created": "2011-08-03T17:55:02", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136311, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-11-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1595, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1600", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Namban Byobu: Screen of Southern Barbarians"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:57:11.374000"}, {"id": 137308, "accession_number": "1962.239", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "No. 2 (Red Maroons), 1962. Mark Rothko (American, 1903\u20131970). Oil on canvas; framed: 202 x 207 x 3.5 cm (79 1/2 x 81 1/2 x 1 3/8 in.); unframed: 200.7 x 205.7 cm (79 x 81 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection and Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.239. \u00a9 1998 Kate Rothko Prizel & Christopher Rothko / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "227 Abstract Expressionism", "title": "No. 2 (Red Maroons)", "creation_date": "1962", "creation_date_earliest": 1962, "creation_date_latest": 1962, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 202 x 207 x 3.5 cm (79 1/2 x 81 1/2 x 1 3/8 in.); Unframed: 200.7 x 205.7 cm (79 x 81 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.02, "height_inch": 79, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 2.07, "width_inch": 81, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.035, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 2.007, "height_inch": 79, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 2.057, "width_inch": 81, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 1998 Kate Rothko Prizel & Christopher Rothko / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed on back of canvas: \"Mark Rothko 1962 #2\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300904, "title": "Fifty Years of Modern Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of Modern Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 15-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Rothko once stated, \u201cA painting is not a picture of an experience, but is the experience.\u201d", "description": "When asked to explain the aims of his art, Rothko answered, \u201cI\u2019m interested only in expressing basic human emotions\u2014tragedy, ecstasy, doom, and so on. . . .\u201d Most of his mature works feature diffuse areas of color appearing to float against a background of a different hue. Rothko typically applied several layers of diluted paint to each canvas, sometimes rubbing the wet surfaces with cloths to achieve his ethereal effects. Born Marcus Rothkowitz, the artist altered his name in 1940, partly in response to antisemitism. He and fellow Jewish artists\u2014including Lee Krasner, Morris Louis, and Louise Nevelson, all represented in this gallery\u2014made major contributions toward the development of American abstract art during the mid-1900s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60466138"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cIn Pursuit of: Content.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 8 (October 1963): 219\u2013239.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 229-231, fig. 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151964"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n227"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n227"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cPlanes, Structure, Color, and Content.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 7 (September 1974): 223\u2013239.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 231, fig. 17", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152534"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n270"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 133, no. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Anfam, David. <em>Mark Rothko: The Works on Canvas: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 571, no. 718", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.239", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection and Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Frank H. and Nancy L. Porter Gallery", "athena_id": 137308, "creators": [{"id": 3627, "description": "Mark Rothko (American, 1903\u20131970)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1903", "death_year": "1970", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-11-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1962, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1962", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Red Maroons"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:49:46.909000"}, {"id": 110059, "accession_number": "1928.660", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Lekythos (Oil Vessel): Warrior Cutting Hair, c. 480\u2013470 BCE. Attributed to Oionokles Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 480\u2013460 BCE). Ceramic; overall: 43.5 x 16.5 cm (17 1/8 x 6 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1928.660", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Red-Figure Lekythos (Oil Vessel): Warrior Cutting Hair", "creation_date": "c. 480\u2013470 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -485, "creation_date_latest": -465, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 43.5 x 16.5 cm (17 1/8 x 6 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.435, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.165, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 442390, "title": "Greek Vase-Painting in Midwestern Collections", "description": "<i>Greek Vase-Painting in Midwestern Collections</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (December 22, 1979-February 24, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-12-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mario de Ciccio, Naples, Italy, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1928", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The painter lavished great detail on this warrior\u2019s armor, even including a lion on his helmet\u2019s cheekpiece!", "description": "Whether cutting his hair or combing it, this solitary warrior seems to be contemplating his fate. If mythological, he may be Parthenopaios or another of the ill-fated Seven Against Thebes, a band of warriors tasked with overthrowing that central Greek city. The Seven left mementos for their loved ones before departing, and he may be cutting a lock of hair for this reason. The same motive might apply to historical soldiers as well, and he may represent one of the many Greeks who battled the Persians around the time this vase was made. Unfortunately, the inscriptions painted on either side of the figure seem to be nonsense\u2014actual Greek letters that do not spell out recognizable names or words.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755092"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1928.660-red-figure-lekythos"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 207549", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/CF966993-0D10-4B37-BF99-97D69FEED3BB"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D. <em>Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters.</em> Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 648, No. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n44"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n42"}, {"citation": "Thompson, Dorothy Burr. <em>An Ancient Shopping Center: The Athenian Agora</em>. <em>(Excavations of the Athenian Agora, Picture Book No. 12). </em>Princeton, N.J.: American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 19, fig. 35.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971. </em>", "page_number": "p. 20, plate 31", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/browseCVARecord.asp?id={CF966993-0D10-4B37-BF99-97D69FEED3BB}&startRef="}, {"citation": "Boardman, John. \"Heroic Haircuts.\" <em>The Classical Quarterly</em> 23, no. 2 (1973): 196-97.", "page_number": "Mentioned in n. 5.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/638172"}, {"citation": "Kunisch, Norbert. \"Parthenopaios.\" <em>Antike Kunst</em> 17, no. 1 (1974): 39-41.", "page_number": "Taf. 8,1.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/41318586"}, {"citation": "Boardman, John. <em>Athenian Red Figure Vases, the Archaic Period: A Handbook. </em>London: Thames and Hudson, 1975.", "page_number": "P. 195, fig. 361.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dusenbery, Elsbeth B. \"Two Attic Red-Figured Kraters in Samothrace,\" <em>Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens,</em> Vol.47, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1978), pp. 211-243.", "page_number": "Mentioned at p. 228, n. 55.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/147794"}, {"citation": "Moon, Warren G. and Louise Berge. <em>Greek Vase-Painting in Midwestern Collections</em>. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: pp. 164-165, cat. 94", "url": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0045%3Aentry%3D94"}, {"citation": "Burn, Lucilla, Ruth Glynn, and J. D. Beazley. <em>Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 &amp; Paralipomena. </em>Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 17, no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Elfriede R. Knauer, \"<em>Ou gar en amis</em>: A Chous by the Oionokles Painter,\" <em>Greek Vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum</em>, vol. 3.", "page_number": "Pp. 91-100 (CMA vase mentioned in nn. on pp. 99-100).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H., J. D. Beazley, Thomas Mannack, Melanie Mendonc\u0327a, and Lucilla Burn. <em>Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 &amp; Paralipomena. </em>Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 275", "url": null}, {"citation": "Serbeti, Eleftheria D. \"The Oionokles Painter,\" <em>Boreas: M\u00fcnstersche Beitr\u00e4ge zur Arch\u00e4ologie </em>12 (1989), pp. 17-46.", "page_number": "See esp. pp. 17-22, 40-46.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jarva, Eero. \"Archaiologia on Archaic Greek Body Armour\". Studi Archaeologica Septentrionalia 3 Rovaniemi: Pohjois-Suomen historiallinen yhdisys, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 31, Fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Immerwahr, Henry R. <em>A Corpus of Attic Vase Inscriptions (CAVI)</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1998.", "page_number": "p. 791, no. 3202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herodotus, Aubrey De Se\u0301lincourt, and John Marincola. <em>The histories.</em> London: Folio Society, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 380", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Girard, Thibaut. <em>L'oblique dans le monde grec: concept et imagerie.</em> 2015.", "page_number": "p. 147, Fig.139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arrington, Nathan T. <em>Ashes, Images, and Memories: The Presence of the War Dead in Fifth-Century Athens</em>. Oxford Univ. Press, 2015.", "page_number": "p. 37, n. 77.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Osborne, Robin. <em>The Transformation of Athens: Painted Pottery and the Creation of Classical Greece.</em> Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "p. 234, Fig. 10.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oakley, John Howard. <em>A Guide to Scenes of Daily Life on Athenian Vases.</em> Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 173-174, fig. 8.8", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1928.660", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.660/1928.660_web.jpg", "width": "536", "height": "893", "filesize": "236609", "filename": "1928.660_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.660/1928.660_print.jpg", "width": "2042", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3383688", "filename": "1928.660_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.660/1928.660_full.tif", "width": "3662", "height": "6096", "filesize": "66992644", "filename": "1928.660_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.660/1928.660_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "546", "height": "893", "filesize": "208192"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.660/1928.660_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2078", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3106858"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.660/1928.660_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3726", "height": "6096", "filesize": "68163268"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:46:01", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 110059, "creators": [{"id": 11009, "description": "Oionokles Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 480\u2013460 BCE)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1928-11-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -485, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 480\u2013470 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:51:39.269000"}, {"id": 156855, "accession_number": "1992.70", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tall Clock, c. 1880. Tiffany & Co. (America, New York, est. 1837). Mahogany, teak with dial faces of gilded and patinated metal, glass; overall: 247.3 x 66 x 36.5 cm (97 3/8 x 26 x 14 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1992.70", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Tall Clock", "creation_date": "c. 1880", "creation_date_earliest": 1875, "creation_date_latest": 1885, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["America, New York"], "technique": "mahogany, teak with dial faces of gilded and patinated metal, glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 247.3 x 66 x 36.5 cm (97 3/8 x 26 x 14 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.473, "height_inch": 97, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.66, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.365, "depth_inch": 14, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower dial face inscribed:  Tiffany & Co., Makers.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311552, "title": "Selected Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Selected Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 9-April 11, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-02-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220613, "title": "Passion for the Exotic: Lockwood de Forest, Frederic Church", "description": "<i>Passion for the Exotic: Lockwood de Forest, Frederic Church</i>. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (December 12, 2014-February 29, 2016).", "opening_date": "2014-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220618, "title": "Passion for the Exotic: Lockwood de Forest and Louis Comfort Tiffany", "description": "<i>Passion for the Exotic: Lockwood de Forest and Louis Comfort Tiffany</i>. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 4-September 25, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 1993:  \"Selected Acquisitions,\" Bulltin 80 (Feb. 1993), p. 67, repr. p. 61.", "opening_date": "1993-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, Smithsomian Institution, New York, NY (12/12/2014 - 9/1/2015):  \"Passion for the Exotic: Lockwood de Forest, Frederic Church\"", "opening_date": "2014-12-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Associated Artists assembled this clock using imported carved wood panels from India. For an American owner, the motifs suggested decorative styles from faraway places.", "description": "In 1879, Louis Comfort Tiffany joined several other artisans to create an interior decoration firm called Associated Artists. The firm was very influential in advocating a rejection of historical styles in favor of the new fashion from more eclectic sources of inspiration, including the Islamic world and Japan. One of Tiffany's partners, Lockwood De Forest, traveled extensively in India to find carved wood and other decorative accessories that could be used in their designs. This clock's design was one result of this collaboration. The heavily carved panels on the clock were likely purchased in India during this time and assembled with a clock mechanism from Tiffany's father's shop, Tiffany and Co., whose name appears on the clock face.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761033"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1992.70-tall-clock"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1992.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 2 (1993): 38-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61; Mentioned: p. 67", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"An Indo-American Tall Clock.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 4 (1993): 170-73.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171; Mentioned: p. 170-73", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161408"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1992.70", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_web.jpg", "width": "474", "height": "893", "filesize": "231096", "filename": "1992.70_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_print.jpg", "width": "1805", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3446071", "filename": "1992.70_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_full.tif", "width": "3384", "height": "6374", "filesize": "64740920", "filename": "1992.70_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "428", "height": "893", "filesize": "219777"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1631", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3227958"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3016", "height": "6286", "filesize": "56907608"}, "date_created": "2007-09-19T15:21:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "513", "height": "893", "filesize": "243547"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1954", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3602630"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3664", "height": "6374", "filesize": "70095152"}, "date_created": "2007-09-19T15:18:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "563", "height": "893", "filesize": "420344"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2142", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5579398"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.70/1992.70_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4152", "height": "6589", "filesize": "82111692"}, "date_created": "2007-09-19T15:16:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 156855, "creators": [{"id": 7431, "description": "Tiffany & Co. (America, New York, est. 1837)", "extent": "manufactured by", "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1837", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1992-05-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1875, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1880", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:09:37.482000"}, {"id": 96303, "accession_number": "1916.2011", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head of Sekhmet, c. 1391\u20131353 BCE. Egypt, Thebes(?), New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE). Granodiorite; overall: 33.4 x 31.5 x 32 cm (13 1/8 x 12 3/8 x 12 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1916.2011", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Head of Sekhmet", "creation_date": "c. 1391\u20131353 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1391, "creation_date_latest": -1353, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Thebes(?), New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE)"], "technique": "granodiorite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 33.4 x 31.5 x 32 cm (13 1/8 x 12 3/8 x 12 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.334, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.315, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.32, "depth_inch": 12, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1916, no. 44, p. 209, pl. 335", "opening_date": "1916-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Presumably Thebes. Purchased from Paul Mallon. Formerly in the collection of Comte Le Marois, Normandy (\"For the Egyptian Head of Lion, it comes from the own collection of Comte Demaroix [sic],\" letter from Mallon, 1 March 1916, CMA Archives)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Amenhotep III may have dedicated 730 statues of Sekhmet, two for each day of the year.", "description": "This lioness head once belonged to a grand statue of the goddess Sekhmet, \"the powerful one,\" probably seated and wearing a tight dress. Possibly appealing to her healing aspect, Pharaoh Amenhotep III, often described as \u201cbeloved of Sekhmet,\u201d commissioned and dedicated hundreds of large granodiorite Sekhmet sculptures in his Theban mortuary temple. Thus, this head likely comes from Thebes, perhaps later moved across the Nile\u2014like many such sculptures\u2014to the temple of Mut, a related deity, at Karnak. Behind her stylized ruff, Sekhmet wears a wig, once crowned with a sun disk and uraeus, the stylized cobra symbolizing royal or divine power.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79479159"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.2011-head-of-sekhmet"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cClosing Days of the Inaugural Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 3, no. 3 (1916): 1\u20134. Fig. 23.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136049"}, {"citation": "\"Current Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>4, no. 1 (1917): 4-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136061"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 2 (1917): 26-37.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136070"}, {"citation": "Williams, C. W. \"The Egyptian Collection in the Museum of Art at Cleveland, Ohio,\" <em>Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</em> 5 (1918), p. 278.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 56", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n58"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n72"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Pp. 232-233, cat. 167.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.2011", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.2011/1916.2011_web.jpg", "width": "1059", "height": "893", "filesize": "555070", "filename": "1916.2011_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.2011/1916.2011_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2867", "filesize": "6468512", "filename": "1916.2011_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.2011/1916.2011_full.tif", "width": "4839", "height": "4080", "filesize": "59260844", "filename": "1916.2011_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.2011/1916.2011_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "122893"}, "print": {"url": 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Chuck Close (American, 1940\u20132021). Oil on canvas; framed: 259.6 x 213.5 x 7.5 cm (102 3/16 x 84 1/16 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1997.59. \u00a9 Chuck Close, courtesy The Pace Gallery", "current_location": null, "title": "Paul III", "creation_date": "1996", "creation_date_earliest": 1996, "creation_date_latest": 1996, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 259.6 x 213.5 x 7.5 cm (102 3/16 x 84 1/16 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.596, "height_inch": 102, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 2.135, "width_inch": 84, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Chuck Close, courtesy The Pace Gallery", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written on verso: \"Paul / \u00a9 1996 / C.Close\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 176597, "title": "Chuck Close Retrospective", "description": "<i>Chuck Close Retrospective</i>. Museum of Modern Art, NY (February 25-May 26, 1998); Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (June 1-September 6, 1998); Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (October 15, 1998-January 9, 1999); Seattle Art Museum (February 1-May 1, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-02-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 228063, "title": "Familiar Faces: Chuck Close in Ohio Collections", "description": "<i>Familiar Faces: Chuck Close in Ohio Collections</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (September 5, 2009-January 3, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-09-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art; Chicago, Museum of Contemporary Art; DC, Hirshhorn Museum &amp; Sculpture Garden; Seattle Art Museum \"Chuck Close Retrospective\" (2/25/98 - 5/9/99) p. 197.", "opening_date": "1998-02-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006):  \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 141,  p. 124, color repr. p. 93.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron Art Museum (9/5/2009 - 1/3/2010):  \"Familiar Faces: Chuck Close in Ohio Collections\"", "opening_date": "2009-09-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 2005, composer Phillip Glass was commissioned by concert pianist Bruce Levingston to write a 15-minute musical portrait of Close.", "description": "Throughout his career, Chuck Close has relied on portraiture as the key component in his art and is known for paintings in which his subjects' faces loom large. This monumental painting represents a new direction his work took in the mid-1990s. The entire canvas is filled with a portion of the subject's tightly cropped, frontally positioned face, and background space is almost totally eliminated. Close does not accept commissions\u2014he paints only self-portraits, members of his family, friends, and people associated with the art world. His paintings are derived from photographs taken of his subjects. For this work, his model was Paul Cadmus (1904\u20131999), a prominent American figurative painter best known for his works of the 1930s. In the 1960s Close began to use a grid to organize his compositions. In <em>Paul III</em> this grid is rotated 45 degrees, forming diamond shapes that are filled with bright, multicolored circles, loops, and dots. Each diamond is an independent abstract painting, bursting with energy, gesture, and color. The overall effect is like a kaleidoscope, always changing as the viewer moves. Up close, the image is nearly impossible to read. At a distance, however, the individual elements crystallize into recognizable facial features.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477485"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMuseum Acquires Major Chuck Close Painting, 19th-century Fire Screen, Rare Prints &amp; Drawings,\u201d June 9, 1997, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4136"}, {"citation": "Glaubinger, Jane, \"Chuck Close\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 38 no. 01, January 1998", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1998-01/page/n7"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.59", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 700602, "title": "American Portraits", "description": "<i>American Portraits</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (February 23-March 18, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518612, "title": "200th Birthday of the Apthorp Mansion", "description": "<i>200th Birthday of the Apthorp Mansion</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (October 17-November 5, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518691, "title": "American Realists", "description": "<i>American Realists</i>. Art Gallery of Hamilton, Hamilton, Canada (organizer) (March 11-April 23, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444496, "title": "Paul Revere's Boston, 1735 - 1818", "description": "<i>Paul Revere's Boston, 1735 - 1818</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (April 18-October 12, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-04-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Boston, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1909-14.", "opening_date": "1909-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October 1936) illus. cat. no. 26, plate II, listed p. 23.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, Ohio, Allen Memorial Art Museum, The Arts in America in the Eighteenth Century (May, 1946), illus. cat. no. 5, p. 70, listed p. 68; see Bulletin of the Allen Memorial Art Museum (May, 1946) vol. 3, no. 3 for catalogue.", "opening_date": "1946-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Robert Feke (8-30 October 1946); traveled to Huntington, Long, Island, Heckscher Art Museum (2-10 November 1946); to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (27 November-22 December 1946) illus. cat. no. 2.", "opening_date": "1946-11-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "[Huntington, New York, Heckscher Art Museum, Robert Feke: Native Colonial Painter (2-10 November, 1946), they had their own, second catalogue; illus. p. 26.", "opening_date": "1946-11-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center, Likeness of America: 1680-1820 (5 July-4 September 1949) illus. cat. no. 25, plate 7.", "opening_date": "1949-07-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palm Beach, Florida, Society of the Four Arts, Plymouth Rock to the Armory (9 February-5 March, 1950) cat. no. 3, not illus.", "opening_date": "1950-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Vancouver, Vancouver Art Gallery, Two Hundred Years of American Painting (8 March-3 April 1955), illus. cat. no. 3, plate 3.", "opening_date": "1955-03-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, Cincinnati Art Museum, Recent Rediscoveries in American Painting (3 October-6 November, 1955), cat. no. 38.", "opening_date": "1955-10-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, 200th Birthday Celebration of the Apthorp Mansion (17 October-5 November 1960)", "opening_date": "1960-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Hamilton, Ontario, Art Gallery of Hamilton, American Realists: An Exhibition of American Paintings from the Eighteenth, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (11 March-23 April 1961) illus. cat. no. 20.", "opening_date": "1961-03-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Peoria, IL, Lakeview Center for the Arts and Sciences, 200 Years of American Painting (27 March-28 April 1965)", "opening_date": "1965-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Paul Revere's Boston: 1735-1818 (18 April-21 October 1975) illus. cat. no. 44, p. 43 listed p. 220; also included pp. 27-57.", "opening_date": "1975-04-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Family of the sitter; To Sarah Apthorp Cunningham Bond, Cambridge, MA (d. 1914); To her son William Cranch Bond, Malden, MA; Thomas B. Clarke, New York ; The Brook Club, New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Much remains unknown regarding artist Robert Feke\u2019s life, including his birth and death dates.", "description": "Called \u201cthe greatest merchant on this Continent\u201d in his obituary, Apthorp helped transform Boston into one of the key commercial centers in the American colonies. When the fashionable painter Robert Feke came to town, Apthorp commissioned this elegantly tailored and confidently posed likeness of himself. The sailing ship in the distant background symbolizes Apthorp\u2019s deep financial interests in the Atlantic trade, which included not only textiles, wine, and guns, but also enslaved people. In fact, the slave trade and its attendant commerce comprised a significant portion of colonial Boston\u2019s economy until the decades after the Revolutionary War, when anti-slavery attitudes in New England gained momentum.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503163"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.1006-charles-apthorp"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M., \"Superb Art Display Marks Cleveland Museum's 20th Anniversary,\" <em>Art Digest</em> 10 (July 1, 1936).", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "L. P. \"Portrait of Charles Apthorp by Robert Feke.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 5 (1919): 79-80.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp. 79-80", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136287"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 6 (1919): 113-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136301"}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence. \"Report on the Department of Colonial Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 7/8 (1919): 130-31.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.130", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136313"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n19"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 526", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n97"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n179"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n179"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n217"}, {"citation": "Anishanslin, Zara. <em>Portrait of a Woman in Silk: Hidden Histories of the British Atlantic World</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 264", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.1006", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1006/1919.1006_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "893", "filesize": "365117", "filename": "1919.1006_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1006/1919.1006_print.jpg", "width": "2722", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5844528", "filename": "1919.1006_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1006/1919.1006_full.tif", "width": "4403", "height": "5500", "filesize": "72680588", "filename": "1919.1006_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 99429, "creators": [{"id": 2550, "description": "Robert Feke (American, c. 1707\u2013c. 1752)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1707", "death_year": "1752", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-03-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1748, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1748", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:22:13.487000"}, {"id": 163042, "accession_number": "2003.6.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, Poetry, and the Fine Arts with Urania, Muse of Astronomy, 1798. Charles Meynier (French, 1768\u20131832). Oil on canvas; overall: 275 x 235 cm (108 1/4 x 92 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2003.6.3", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, Poetry, and the Fine Arts with Urania, Muse of Astronomy", "creation_date": "1798", "creation_date_earliest": 1798, "creation_date_latest": 1798, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 275 x 235 cm (108 1/4 x 92 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.75, "height_inch": 108, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 2.35, "width_inch": 92, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "In 1819, Nicolas-Antoine de Castella, general of the Swiss regiments in France, purchased the paintings and placed them in his Castle of Wallenreid, Switzerland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "direct descendants", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Pierre de Castella, Mannaz, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2003-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Urania leans on a starry orb, indicating her role as the muse of astronomy.", "description": "A recipient of the Grand Prix de Rome in 1789, Charles Meynier became a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts in 1815 and painted large ceiling decorations at the Louvre and numerous pictures glorifying the Napoleonic legend. <em>Erato, Muse of Lyrical Poetry</em> belongs to a cycle of five paintings executed to fulfill a commission from businessman Fran\u00e7ois Boyer-Fonfr\u00e9de. They were intended to decorate his home in his native Toulouse and constitute a rare instance of a complete cycle of major paintings that remain intact rather than being split up and separately dispersed.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60479815"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.6.3-apollo-god-of-light"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bellenger, Sylvain. \"Magnificent Muses\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. 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A history painter, he created the grand decoration for ceilings of the Louvre (1819 and 1822), and produced numerous pictures glorifying the Napoleonic legend, which for the most part remain in the ch\u00e2teau de Versailles. Through the assistance of his brother Meynier Saint-Phal, a famous actor of the Com\u00e9die Fran\u00e7aise who paid for his studies, the artist entered the atelier of the painter Fran\u00e7ois Andr\u00e9 Vincent (1746-1816), a principal rival of the master Jacques-Louis David. The studio in which Meynier received his training was known by the students of David as the atelier of the\"perruques,\" (the wigs) the name given to royalists or conservatives during that period.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1768", "death_year": "1832", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-03-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1798, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1798", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": "Before entering the collection, this entire suite of five monumental paintings by Charles Meynier had numerous conservation issues, including pronounced discolored varnish, years of accumulated grime, and canvases that were detaching from their stretchers, creating large buckles along the edges. The CMA designed a four-year-long comprehensive conservation campaign to address these concerns, which involved removing the grime, reducing the discolored varnish, flattening buckles and undulations in the canvas, followed by inpainting mainly to compensate for pronounced traction cracking in the original paint layers. Traction cracking occurs when the top layers of paint dry faster than the underlayers, creating breaks in the top layers, revealing the underlying preparatory layers that were not intended to be seen. Horizontal cracking at regular intervals is present in each painting and is likely caused by rolling the canvases to transport them to the Castella chateau in Wallenreid, Switzerland, where the paintings remained until the CMA purchased them in 2003. The oversized format for <em>Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, Poetry, and the Fine Arts with Urania, Muse of Astronomy</em>, comprises two canvases that are vertically seamed together (right of the central axis) to form one large canvas. The exquisitely carved gold leaf frames are original to the paintings.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": "2003.6", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Apollo, God of Light, Eloquence, and Fine Arts with Urania, Muse of Astronomy"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:47:15.740000"}, {"id": 163043, "accession_number": "2003.6.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Calliope, Muse of Epic Poetry, 1798. Charles Meynier (French, 1768\u20131832). Oil on canvas; overall: 275 x 177 cm (108 1/4 x 69 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2003.6.4", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "Calliope, Muse of Epic Poetry", "creation_date": "1798", "creation_date_earliest": 1798, "creation_date_latest": 1798, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 18th-early 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 275 x 177 cm (108 1/4 x 69 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.75, "height_inch": 108, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.77, "width_inch": 69, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "In 1819, Nicolas-Antoine de Castella, general of the Swiss regiments in France, purchased the paintings and placed them in his Castle of Wallenreid, Switzerland; direct descendants; Pierre de Castella, Mannaz, Switzerland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Through the assistance of his brother, a famous actor of the Com\u00e9die Fran\u00e7aise, Charles Meynier studied in the studio of Fran\u00e7ois Andr\u00e9 Vincent, the principal rival of the master Jacques-Louis David", "description": "The eldest of the nine Greek muses, Calliope was the goddess of music, song, and dance. She was also known as the goddess of epic poetry and conferred the gift of eloquence on kings and princes. She stands here before a bust of Homer, the ancient Greek poet who wrote the <em>Odyssey</em> and the <em>Iliad</em>. This painting belongs to a cycle of five works commissioned by businessman Fran\u00e7ois Boyer-Fonfr\u00e9de for his home in Toulouse.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60479828"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.6.4-calliope-muse-of-epi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bellenger, Sylvain. \"Magnificent Muses\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 01, January 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p.6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-01/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Bracken Sparks, Amy. \"Disappearing Act.\" <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>48, no. 5 (May/June 2008): 10-12.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-05/page/10/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.6.4", "images": {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_web.jpg", "width": "575", "height": "900", "filesize": "175109", "filename": "2003.6.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_print.jpg", "width": "2171", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2546118", "filename": "2003.6.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_full.tif", "width": "8525", "height": "13351", "filesize": "341481160", "filename": "2003.6.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "611", "height": "900", "filesize": "207351"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2310", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2539408"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10701", "height": "15749", "filesize": "505620624"}, "date_created": "2026-04-20T11:39:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "893", "filesize": "303825"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2216", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4259690"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4029", "height": "6183", "filesize": "74767232"}, "date_created": "2008-04-02T13:37:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "365997"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5367595"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99893204"}, "date_created": "2008-04-02T13:39:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "335523"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2407", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5091301"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4720", "height": "6668", "filesize": "94451424"}, "date_created": "2008-04-02T13:52:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "678146"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "5705926"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99893164"}, "date_created": "2008-04-02T13:59:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "662", "height": "893", "filesize": "350361"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2522", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5716259"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.6.4/2003.6.4_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4888", "height": "6589", "filesize": "96652600"}, "date_created": "2008-04-02T14:02:27", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 163043, "creators": [{"id": 44231, "description": "Charles Meynier (French, 1768\u20131832)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles Meynier was a recipient of the Grand Prix de Rome in 1789 and became a member of the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts in 1815. A history painter, he created the grand decoration for ceilings of the Louvre (1819 and 1822), and produced numerous pictures glorifying the Napoleonic legend, which for the most part remain in the ch\u00e2teau de Versailles. Through the assistance of his brother Meynier Saint-Phal, a famous actor of the Com\u00e9die Fran\u00e7aise who paid for his studies, the artist entered the atelier of the painter Fran\u00e7ois Andr\u00e9 Vincent (1746-1816), a principal rival of the master Jacques-Louis David. The studio in which Meynier received his training was known by the students of David as the atelier of the\"perruques,\" (the wigs) the name given to royalists or conservatives during that period.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1768", "death_year": "1832", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-03-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1798, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1798", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": "Before entering the collection, this entire suite of five monumental paintings by Charles Meynier had numerous conservation issues, including pronounced discolored varnish, years of accumulated grime, and canvases that were detaching from their stretchers, creating large buckles along the edges. The CMA designed a four-year-long comprehensive conservation campaign to address these concerns, which involved removing the grime, reducing the discolored varnish, flattening buckles and undulations in the canvas, followed by inpainting mainly to compensate for pronounced traction cracking in the original paint layers. Traction cracking occurs when the top layers of paint dry faster than the underlayers, creating breaks in the top layers, revealing the underlying preparatory layers that were not intended to be seen. Horizontal cracking at regular intervals is present in each painting and is likely caused by rolling the canvases to transport them to the Castella chateau in Wallenreid, Switzerland, where the paintings remained until the CMA purchased them in 2003. <em>Calliope, Muse of Epic Poetry </em>displayed the most traction cracking, notably in the green drapery. This area received extensive inpainting within the cracking with reversible conservation grade paint to produce a more unified image. The exquisitely carved gold leaf frames are original to the paintings.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": "2003.6", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:47:16.839000"}, {"id": 168182, "accession_number": "2009.78", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Title Unknown, 1928. Yves Tanguy (French, 1900\u20131955). Oil on canvas; framed: 105.4 x 93.3 x 2.3 cm (41 1/2 x 36 3/4 x 7/8 in.); unframed: 80 x 65.4 cm (31 1/2 x 25 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2009.78. \u00a9 Estate of Yves Tanguy / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "Title Unknown", "creation_date": "1928", "creation_date_earliest": 1928, "creation_date_latest": 1928, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 105.4 x 93.3 x 2.3 cm (41 1/2 x 36 3/4 x 7/8 in.); Unframed: 80 x 65.4 cm (31 1/2 x 25 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.054, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.933, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.023, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.8, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.654, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Yves Tanguy / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and dated, lower right: \"Yves Tanguy 28\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henri Seyrig; private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting is an example of a Surrealist \"dreamscape,\" a landscape with dreamlike or nightmarish qualities.", "description": "One of the most influential members of the Surrealist movement, Yves Tanguy painted this composition only four years after the movement was founded and two years after he developed his mature style. The composition depicts a series of mysterious forms floating in a dark, dreamlike landscape. Although the objects could indicate rocks, plants, internal organs, or menacing creatures, Tanguy deliberately ensures that the forms remain mysterious. The setting may suggest the ocean floor or a lunar landscape; it, like the objects that seem to animate the scene, is left up to the viewer to interpret according to their own imagination.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480572"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Dreamscape.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 49, no. 10 (December 2009): 3-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 3-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2009-10/page/2/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Mann, Griffith C. \"Acquisitions 2009.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 50, no. 2 (March/April 2010): 12-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-02/page/n11/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.78", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168182, "creators": [{"id": 12379, "description": "Yves Tanguy (French, 1900\u20131955)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1900", "death_year": "1955", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-06-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1928, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1928", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:04.812000"}, {"id": 121698, "accession_number": "1942.1512", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Leaf from a Lectionary with St. Matthew, 1057\u20131063. Byzantium, Constantinople. Tempera and gold on vellum; sheet: 28.8 x 24.3 cm (11 5/16 x 9 9/16 in.); framed: 52.4 x 39.7 cm (20 5/8 x 15 5/8 in.); matted: 48.9 x 36.2 cm (19 1/4 x 14 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.1512", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Leaf from a Lectionary with St. Matthew", "creation_date": "1057\u20131063", "creation_date_earliest": 1057, "creation_date_latest": 1063, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Constantinople"], "technique": "tempera and gold on vellum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Sheet: 28.8 x 24.3 cm (11 5/16 x 9 9/16 in.); Framed: 52.4 x 39.7 cm (20 5/8 x 15 5/8 in.); Matted: 48.9 x 36.2 cm (19 1/4 x 14 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.288, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.243, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "framed": {"height": 0.524, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.397, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "matted": {"height": 0.489, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.362, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 358594, "title": "Byzantine Manuscript Illumination", "description": "<i>Byzantine Manuscript Illumination</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum.", "opening_date": "1957-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520142, "title": "Pages From Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Pages From Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts</i>. Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, CA (April 24-June 8, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-04-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520398, "title": "Byzantine Art: A European Art", "description": "<i>Byzantine Art: A European Art</i>. Byzantine & Christian Museum, Athens, Greece (organizer) (April 1-June 15, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445224, "title": "Greek and Byzantine Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Greek and Byzantine Manuscripts</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (April 13-May 20, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 358597, "title": "Gifts from the Byzantine Court", "description": "<i>Gifts from the Byzantine Court</i>. Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (February 6-June 1, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311443, "title": "Scriptorium: The Illuminated Book in Medieval Art", "description": "<i>Scriptorium: The Illuminated Book in Medieval Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-February 2, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 211519, "title": "The Glory of Byzantium", "description": "<i>The Glory of Byzantium</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3-July 6, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exposition d'Art Byzantin, Paris, (March 28 - Jul 1931); cat. no. 653. (Phanar Gospel with the Mark and John still in it)", "opening_date": "1931-03-28T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Baltimore, Baltimore Museum of Art, \"Early Christian and Byzantine Art\" April 24 - June 24, 1947; cat. no. 700, pl. XCVIII.", "opening_date": "1947-04-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Seattle, Seattle Art Museum, \"Early Christian and Medieval Art\" February 1 - February 28, 1949.", "opening_date": "1949-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kansas City, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art \"Ecclesiastical Art\" December 6, 1954 - January 30, 1955.", "opening_date": "1954-12-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Pierpont-Morgan Library, 12/7/1979--6/16/1980.", "opening_date": "1979-12-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington D.C., Dumbarton Oaks, \"Three Pages from the Phanar Gospels\" February 4 - June 1, 1980.", "opening_date": "1980-02-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dikran G. Kelekian, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1942", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 121708, "description": "Gospel Book with Commentaries, c. 1000\u20131100. Byzantium, Constantinople. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; leather binding; sheet: 28 x 23 cm (11 x 9 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.152", "relationship": null}, {"id": 121697, "description": "Leaf from a Lectionary with St. Luke, 1057\u20131063. Byzantium, Constantinople. Ink, tempera and gold on vellum; sheet: 28.9 x 22.6 cm (11 3/8 x 8 7/8 in.); matted: 48.9 x 36.2 cm (19 1/4 x 14 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.1511", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Early Gospel lectionaries often had very costly treasure bindings in metalwork, sometimes with jewels and ivories.", "description": "This leaf is from a lectionary (a book of gospel readings used in church services) that was presented to the Holy Trinity Monastery at Chalke in Constantinople by the Empress Katherine Komnene in 1063. The tools of the scribe's trade are laid out before the evangelists: a stylus (a pointed tool for writing, drawing, and engraving), a pair of dividers (a device resembling a compass, used for dividing lines and transferring measurements), pens, a knife, a burnisher (polishing tool), and inkpots. Portraits of the authors of the Gospels\u2014Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John\u2014appear frequently in gospel books throughout the Christian world. Understood to be eyewitnesses to the texts they wrote, their presence in these books served to \"authenticate\" the gospels.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80018068"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1512-leaf-from-a-lectiona"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Charles Diehl. \u201cL\u2019Eveng\u00e9laire de l\u2019Imp\u00e9ratice Catherine Commn\u00e8ne\u201d <em>Compte Rendu de S\u00e9ances de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres </em>(Paris, 1922)", "page_number": "p. 248", "url": null}, {"citation": "Diehl, Charles, \u201cMonuments Byzantins In\u00e9dits du Onzi\u00e8me Si\u00e8cle\u201d Art Studies: Medieval, Renaissance and Modern. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1927.", "page_number": "p. 9, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Kenneth W. A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America. 1937.", "page_number": "pp. 122-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.), and Dorothy Eugenia Miner. <em>Early Christian and Byzantine Art, An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art, April 25-June 22 [1947]</em>. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 700, Reproduced: pl. XCVIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cByzantine Manuscript Illumination\u201d The <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Bulletin</em> 34 (March 1947)", "page_number": "pp 50-56", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 84", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Oberlin College. Allen Memorial Museum. \"Byzantine Manuscript Illumination : An Exhibition December 3-19.\" <em>Allen Memorial Artmuseum. Bulletin</em> V.15, No. 2, Winter (1958).", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ricci, Seymour de, William Jerome Wilson, Christopher Urdahl Faye, and William Henry Bond. Supplement to the Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts: In the United States and Canada. New York, N.Y.: The Bibliographical Society of America, 1962.", "page_number": "p. 428", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>Pages from Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts from the Xth to the Early XVIth Centuries: An Exhibition</em>. Berkeley: University of California, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 5, Reproduced pl. VI.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Greece, and Council of Europe. <em>Byzantine Art, a European Art</em>. 2d ed. Athens, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 309", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n64"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n62"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cA Manuscript Painting from Cluny\u201d <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Bulletin</em> LVI (April 1969)", "page_number": "pp. 131-135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vikan, Gary, and Kurt Weitzmann. Illuminated Greek Manuscripts from American Collections: An Exhibition in Honor of Kurt Weitzmann. Princeton (N.J.): Princeton Univ. Press, 1973.", "page_number": "pp. 85-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Furlan, Italo. \"Aspetti di Cultura Greca a Venezia nell'XI Secolo: La Scuola di Salonicco e lo Stile Monumentale Protocomneno\". <em>Arte Veneta</em> (1976)", "page_number": "p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hamann-Mac Lean, Richard. Die Monumentalmalerei in Serbien und Makedonien. vom 11. bis zum fru\u0308hen 14. Jahrhundert : Grundlegung zu einer Geschichte der mittelalterlichen Monumentalmalerei in Serbien und Makedonien [2] [2]. 1976.", "page_number": "p. 84 & 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n62"}, {"citation": "Netzer, Nancy. <em>Cultural Interplay in the Eighth Century: The Trier Gospels and the Making of a Scriptorium at Echternach</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 96, 236, Pl. 92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Evans, Helen C. The Glory of Byzantium: Art an Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era A.D. 843-1261 ; [in Conjunction with the Exhibition \"The Glory of Byzantium\", Held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York from March 11 Through July 6, 1997]. New York, NY: Abrams, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 103, Cat. No. 58 A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 83-85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Popova, O. S. Vizantii\u0306skai\ufe20a\ufe21 miniati\ufe20u\ufe21ra vtoroi\u0306 poloviny X--nachala XII veka = The byzantine miniature from the second half of the 10th century to early 12th century. 2012.", "page_number": "p. 256, fig. 224", "url": null}, {"citation": "Exposition internationale d'art byzantin. Exposition internationale d'art byzantin, 28 mai-9 juillet, 1931: [catalogue d'une exposition au Muse\u0301e des arts de\u0301coratifs, Palais du Louvre, Pavillon de Marsan]. Paris: Muse\u0301e des arts de\u0301coratifs, 1931.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1512", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1512/1942.1512_web.jpg", "width": "767", "height": "893", "filesize": "636107", "filename": "1942.1512_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1512/1942.1512_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1789", "filesize": "1269071", "filename": "1942.1512_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1512/1942.1512_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1789", "filesize": "8246756", "filename": "1942.1512_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Robert P. Bergman Memorial Gallery", "athena_id": 121698, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1057, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1057\u20131063", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:16:14.438000"}, {"id": 124679, "accession_number": "1946.164", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Rathskeller, 1901. John Sloan (American, 1871\u20131951). Oil on canvas; framed: 110.6 x 89.2 x 7 cm (43 9/16 x 35 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 90.5 x 69 cm (35 5/8 x 27 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1946.164", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "The Rathskeller", "creation_date": "1901", "creation_date_earliest": 1901, "creation_date_latest": 1901, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 110.6 x 89.2 x 7 cm (43 9/16 x 35 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 90.5 x 69 cm (35 5/8 x 27 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.106, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.892, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.905, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.69, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"John / Sloan [JS in monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518907, "title": "The Life and Times of John Slaon", "description": "<i>The Life and Times of John Slaon</i>. Delaware Art Museum, Wilmington, DE (organizer) (September 22-October 29, 1961); Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Museum of American Art, Philadelphia, PA (November 17-December 23, 1961); Bowdoin College Museum of Art, Brunswick, ME (January 20-February 28, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315773, "title": "Triumph of Realism: An Exhibition of European and American Realist Paintings 1850-1910", "description": "<i>Triumph of Realism: An Exhibition of European and American Realist Paintings 1850-1910</i>. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (December 12, 1967-January 14, 1968); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (February 16-March 31, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-10-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445307, "title": "John Sloan, 1871 - 1951", "description": "<i>John Sloan, 1871 - 1951</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (September 18-October 31, 1971); Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, GA (November 20, 1971-January 16, 1972); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (February 15-April 2, 1972); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (May 4-June 18, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-09-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 222479, "title": "1900:  Art at the Crossroads", "description": "<i>1900:  Art at the Crossroads</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (May 18-September 10, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-05-18T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Philadelphia, Philadelphia Art Club, title not known (-15 December 1901); see Elzea's publication p. 445.", "opening_date": "1901-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Third Annual Sketch Exhibition of the Fellowship fo the Academy (31 March-19 April 1902), no. 165.", "opening_date": "1902-03-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, Art Insitute of Chicago, 17th Annual Exhibition of American Painting &amp; Sculpture (20 October-27 November 1904); no. 374; listed p. 59.", "opening_date": "1904-10-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Portland, Or, Lewis and Clark Centennial Exhibition (1905), no. 203.", "opening_date": "1905-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, New York School of Art, title not known, (17-31 December 1907), see Elzea's publication p. 447.", "opening_date": "1907-12-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, C. W. Kraushaar Galleries, Exhibition of Paintings by John Sloan (11-30 April 1921), no. 4.", "opening_date": "1921-04-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wanamaker Galleries, John Sloan: Paintings, Etchings, and Drawings (4 November-? December 1939); traveled to, Philadelphia, Wanamaker Galleries (8-29 January 1940), no. 22.", "opening_date": "1940-01-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Life in Philadelphia (20 June-13 September 1940), cat. no. 60, illus., catalogue found in Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin (May, 1940)", "opening_date": "1940-06-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, John Sloan 1871-1951 (10 January-2 March 1952); traveled to Washington, D.C., Corcoran Gallery, (15 March-20 April 1952); to Toledo, Toledo Museum of Art (4 May-8 June 1952); illus. cat. no. 3.", "opening_date": "1952-01-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, The One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary Exhibition (15 January-13 March 1955), pp. 130-133, cat. no. 221, illus. p. 131.", "opening_date": "1955-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Sent from the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts on a good-will tour through the U. S. Information Agency, Washington, D.C.:", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Madrid, Sala de la Direccion General de Belles Artes, National Library, Exposicion del 150 Aniversario de la Academie de Belles Artes de Pennsilvania (21 April-8 May 1955), cat. no. 73, illus. p. 43.", "opening_date": "1955-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Florence, Palazzo Strozzi, l'Esposizione per il 150 Anniversario della Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts di Filadelfia (June 1955), pp. 44-45. Cat. no. 78, not illus.", "opening_date": "1955-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Innsbruck, Ferdinandeum Museum, (16 July-20 August 1955), cat. no. 78.", "opening_date": "1955-07-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Ghent, The Ghent Museum (3 September-2 October 1955), cat. no. 84.", "opening_date": "1955-09-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Stockholm, Swedish Royal Academy of the Free Arts, (4 -27 November 1955)", "opening_date": "1955-11-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Wilmington, Delaware, The Wilmington Society of the Fine Arts, The Life and Times of John Sloan (22 September-29 October 1961); traveled to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts (17 November-23 December 1961); cat. no. 6, not illus.", "opening_date": "1961-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Oil Paintings by John Sloan (19 November-23 December 1961), cat. no. 35.", "opening_date": "1961-11-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brunswisck, ME, Bowdoin College Museum of Fine Arts (20 January-28 February 1962); cat. no. 1, illus. p. 33.", "opening_date": "1962-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brooklyn, Brooklyn Museum The Triumph of Realism (3 October-19 November 1967); traveled to Richmond, VA, Museum of Fine Arts, (11 December 1967-14 January 1968); to San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor, (17 February-31 March 1968), pp. 84-85, 177, illus. cat. no. 96, p. 177.", "opening_date": "1967-10-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, John Sloan 1871-1951 (18 September-31 October 1971); traveled to Athens, GA, Georgia Museum of Art (20 November 1971-16 January 1972); to San Francisco, M. H. De Young Memorial Museum (15 February-2 April 1972); to St. Louis, City Art Museum of St. Louis (4 May-18 June 1972); to Columbus, Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts (13 July-13 August 1972); Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (6 September-22 October 1972); cat. no. 22, illus. p. 68.", "opening_date": "1971-09-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, IBM Gallery of Science and Art,  John Soan: Spectator of Life (26 April-18 June 1988); traveled to Wilmington, DE, Delaware Museum of Art (15 July-4 September 1988); to Columbus, Columbus Museum of Art (17 September-6 November 1988); to Fort Worth, TX, Amon Carter Museum (19 November-31 December 1988); cat. no. 5, illus. p. 41.", "opening_date": "1988-04-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, Royal Academy of Arts, 1900: Art at the Crossroads (16 January-3 April 2000); traveled to New York, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (18 May-10 September 2000); cat. no. 147, illus. p. 216.", "opening_date": "2000-01-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(C. W. Kraushaar Galleries)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sloan worked as an illustrator for various newspapers before becoming a professional painter and printmaker.", "description": "Economic differences infuse Sloan\u2019s scene of patrons at a Philadelphia bar. Here, a working-class woman sharing a beer with a companion captures the attention of a lone man who has ordered the more costly champagne. One contemporary critic characterized this wealthier man as \u201ca spider watching for the fly.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515238"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.164-the-rathskeller"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> [Cleveland]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced, fig. 76.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 33, no. 163", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.164", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.164/1946.164_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "893", "filesize": "374869", "filename": "1946.164_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.164/1946.164_print.jpg", "width": "2599", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5961235", "filename": "1946.164_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.164/1946.164_full.tif", "width": "4228", "height": "5530", "filesize": "70165864", "filename": "1946.164_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.164/1946.164_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "680", "height": "893", "filesize": "70115"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.164/1946.164_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2590", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1399413"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.164/1946.164_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4420", "height": "5802", "filesize": "76965676"}, "date_created": "2012-02-27T18:20:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 124679, "creators": [{"id": 3285, "description": "John Sloan (American, 1871\u20131951)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1871", "death_year": "1951", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-07-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1901, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1901", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:25:41.602000"}, {"id": 112316, "accession_number": "1930.739", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Arm Reliquary of the Apostles, c. 1190. Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim, Romanesque period, late 12th century. Gilt silver, champlev\u00e9 enamel, oak; overall: 51 x 14 x 9.2 cm (20 1/16 x 5 1/2 x 3 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1930.739", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Arm Reliquary of the Apostles", "creation_date": "c. 1190", "creation_date_earliest": 1180, "creation_date_latest": 1200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim, Romanesque period, late 12th century"], "technique": "gilt silver, champlev\u00e9 enamel, oak", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Romanesque", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 51 x 14 x 9.2 cm (20 1/16 x 5 1/2 x 3 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.51, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.14, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.092, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.508, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.127, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444322, "title": "Die Zeit der Staufer: Geschichte, Kunst, Kultur (The Staufer Period: History, Art, Culture)", "description": "<i>Die Zeit der Staufer: Geschichte, Kunst, Kultur (The Staufer Period: History, Art, Culture)</i>. Landesmuseum W\u00fcrttemberg Stuttgart, 70173 Stuttgart, Germany (organizer) (March 26-June 5, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 423337, "title": "Heinrich der L\u00f6we und seine Zeit (Henry the Lion and his time)", "description": "<i>Heinrich der L\u00f6we und seine Zeit (Henry the Lion and his time)</i>. Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum (organizer) (August 6-November 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1995-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196195, "title": "Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe", "description": "<i>Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 2010-January 17, 2011); The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (February 13-May 15, 2011); The British Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (June 23-October 9, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Guelph Museum, Hanover, Germany (1861-66).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "\u00d6sterreichisches Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Industrie, Vienna, Austria (1869).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "St\u00e4delsche Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Goldschmidt Gallery, New York, NY (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Zeit der Staufer I, </em>W\u00fcrtemburgisches Landesmuseum, Stuttgart, (March-August 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Monastery of St. Cyriakus, Brunswick", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Treasury, Cathedral of St. Blaise, Brunswick", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "House of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg (part of Guelph Treasure)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Goldschmidt Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1930", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 112021, "description": "Medallion with the Bust of Christ (\"The Cumberland Medallion\"), from the Guelph Treasure, late 700s. Germany, Weserraum, Migration period, late 8th century. Cloisonn\u00e9 enamel and gold on copper; diameter: 5.1 x 0.2 cm (2 x 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1930.504", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112022, "description": "Monstrance with the \"Paten of Saint Bernward\", c. 1180\u20131190. Saint Oswald Reliquary Workshop (German). Silver, gilded silver, niello, rock crystal; overall: 34.5 x 15.9 x 14 cm (13 9/16 x 6 1/4 x 5 1/2 in.); part 1: 13.5 cm (5 5/16 in.); part 2: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with additional gift from Mrs. R. Henry Norweb, 1930.505", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112318, "description": "The So-called Horn of Saint Blaise, 1100\u20131200. South Italy or Sicily, 12th century. Ivory; overall: 12 cm (4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.740", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112319, "description": "Book-Shaped Reliquary, c. 1000. Circle of The Master of the Registrum Gregorii (German, active c. 972\u20131000). Ivory, silver: gilded, pearls, rubies, emeralds, crystals, onyx, carnelian, oak; overall: 31.6 x 24.4 x 7.5 cm (12 7/16 x 9 5/8 x 2 15/16 in.); part 1: 17.8 x 14 cm (7 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.741", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112958, "description": "Ceremonial Cross of Countess Gertrude, 1038 or shortly after. Germany, Lower Saxony?, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, intaglio gems, pearls, wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with the addition of a gift from Mrs. Edward B. Greene 1931.55", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112971, "description": "Monstrance with a Relic of Saint Sebastian, 1484. Germany, Lower Saxony, Brunswick, Gothic period, 15th century. Gilded silver, rock crystal, bone, parchment; overall: 47 cm (18 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Julius F. Goldschmidt, Z. M. Hackenbroch, and J. Rosenbaum in memory of the Exhibition of the Guelph Treasure held in the Cleveland Museum of Art from 10 January to 1 February 1931, 1931.65", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112875, "description": "Ceremonial Cross of Count Liudolf, shortly after 1038. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel; intaglio gems; pearls; wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1931.461", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112876, "description": "Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude, c. 1045. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core; overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1931.462", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Reliquaries were prized not for the opulence that you see, but for the items that they held. They enshrined items associated with saints, like a piece of clothing they wore or a small portion of their remains. In this case, an arm bone is encased within.", "description": "Taking the form of a clothed lower arm with an outstretched hand, this reliquary from the Guelph Treasure appropriately enshrines a piece of an unidentified saint\u2019s arm bone. Arm reliquaries like this one served as liturgical props; during religious services and processions, the clergy used them to bless and touch the faithful, thus making the presence of the saint more palpable and immediate. The apostle busts that decorate this arm reliquary seem to indicate that the relic it contains is that of an apostle. Duke Henry the Lion, a major patron of the church of Saint Blaise, is known to have received such relics from the Byzantine emperor Manuel I (1143-1180) upon his return from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762779"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.739-arm-reliquary-of-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Neumann, Wilhelm Anton, and Wenzel August Neumann. <em>Der Reliquienschatz des Hauses Braundschweig-Lu\u0308neburg.</em> Wien: Alfred Ho\u0308lder, 1891.", "page_number": "no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sta\u0308dtische Galerie im Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinstitut Frankfurt am Main. <em>Stadel-Jahrbuch.</em> Munchen: Prestel Verlag, 1921.", "page_number": "pp. 326, 329-331, 333-4, 338, 381", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bossert, Helmuth Theodor. <em>Geschichte des Kunstgewerbes aller Zeiten und Vo\u0308lker, in Verbindung mit zahlreichen Fachgelehrten herausgegeben von Dr. H. Th. Bossert.</em> Berlin: E. Wasmuth, a.g, 1928.", "page_number": "p. 289", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guelph Treasure, Catalogue of the Exhibition. [NEW YORK, NEW YORK]: [GOLDSCHMIDT, LUCIEN, GALLERY], 1930.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 30, pls 65-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Falke, Otto von, Robert Schmidt, and Georg Swarzenski. Der Welfenschatz. <em>Der Reliquienschatz des Braunschweiger Domes aus dem Besitze des herzoglichen Hauses Braunschweig-Lu\u0308neburg</em>. Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurter Verlagsanstalt a. g, 1930.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eckhardt, Ferdinand. 1930. \u201cExhibition of the Guelph Treasure in Frankfort and Berlin.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 12 (October): 305\u20136.", "page_number": "p. 306", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=513257711&site=ehost-live"}, {"citation": "Falke, Otto von \"Hildesheimer Goldschmiedewerke des 12. Jahrhunderts im Welfenschatz,\" <em>Pantheon</em> vol 5 (June 1930).", "page_number": "p. 274", "url": null}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cThe Acquisition of Six Objects from the Guelph Treasure for the Cleveland Museum of Art: Foreword.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 9 (November 1930): 163\u2013165.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 163-165; Reproduced: p. 162", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137331"}, {"citation": "<em>Art Digest</em> (September 1930).", "page_number": "p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Illus. London News</em> (November 29, 1930).", "page_number": "p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, A.M. <em>Antiquariun</em> (Dec. 1930).", "page_number": "p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cThe Acquisition of Six Objects from the Guelph Treasure for the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 9 (November 1930): 165\u2013178, 183.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 165-166; reproduced: p. 183", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137332"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson \"The Guelph Treasure\" <em>The American Magazine of Art</em> 22, no. 3 (1931).", "page_number": "p. 168, 171", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/23935911"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition: June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Cat nbr 4; Mentioned: p. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>ARTS Magazine</em> 29 (October 1, 1954).", "page_number": "pp. 10-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leitermann,Heinz, <em>Deutsche Goldschmide-Kunst </em>(Stuttgart, 1954).", "page_number": "p. 123, pl. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, WIlliam \"The Guelph Treasure in Cleveland\" <em>The American-German Review</em> (Dec. 1955-Jan. 1956).", "page_number": "pp. 5-10", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>ART News</em> (Summer, 1957).", "page_number": "p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 104", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n32"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n74"}, {"citation": "Swarzenski, Hanns. <em>Monuments of Romanesque Art: The Art of Church Treasures in North-Western Europe. </em>London: Faber, 1967.", "page_number": "cat. no. 212, pl. 212, figs. 496-98", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n72"}, {"citation": "Elsen, Albert E. <em>The Partial Figure in Modern Sculpture; From Rodin to 1969</em>. 1969.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoffmann, Konrad, and Florens Deuchler.<em> The Year 1200: A Centennial Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, February 12 Through May 10, 1970</em>. 1970.", "page_number": "p. 104, no. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sauerl\u00e4nder, Willibald. \"\"The Year 1200,\" a Centennial Exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. February 12-May 10, 1970.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 53, no. 4 (1971)", "page_number": "p. 515-6, fig. 6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3048906"}, {"citation": "Wu\u0308rttembergisches Landesmuseum, and Reiner Haussherr. <em>Die Zeit der Staufer: Geschichte, Kunst, Kultur : Katalog der Ausstellung [Stuttgart, Altes Schloss und Kunstgeba\u0308ude, 26. Ma\u0308rz-5. Juni 1977]. </em>Stuttgart: Wu\u0308rttembergisches Landesmuseum, 1977.", "page_number": "no. 578, p. 448", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n76"}, {"citation": "Avril, Franc\u0327ois, Xavier Barral i Altet, and Danielle Gaborit-Chopin. <em>Le temps des Croisades</em>. [Paris]: Gallimard, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Strayer, Joseph R. <em>Dictionary of the Middle Ages</em>. 1982.", "page_number": "p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benjamin, Susan. <em>Enamels</em>. [New York]: Cooper-Hewitt Museum, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 66, no. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Van der Marck, Jan.<em> In Quest of Excellence: Civic Pride, Patronage, Connoisseurship</em>. Miami, Fla., U.S.A.: The Center, 1984.", "page_number": "p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"The Sacral Treasure of the Guelphs.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 1 (1985).", "page_number": "pp. 82, 87- 88, 131, 133-134, 136, 140; no. 27, nn.64, 96, fig. 111; color plates XIV-XVIII", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159893"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H.<em> Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lasko, Peter. <em>Ars Sacra, 800-1200</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "pp. 203-6, 214, fig. 226, 292", "url": null}, {"citation": "Luckhardt, Jochen, and Franz Niehoff. <em>Heinrich der Lo\u0308we und seine Zeit: Herrschaft und Repra\u0308sentation der Welfen 1125-1235</em> : Katalog der Ausstellung, Braunschweig 1995. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 247, D60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ehlers, Joachim, and Dietrich Ko\u0308tzsche.<em> Der Welfenschatz und sein Umkreis</em>. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1998.", "page_number": "taf. 19; abb. 2, 7-8, pp. 355, 362-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brandt, Michael. <em>Abglanz des Himmels: Romanik in Hildesheim : Katalog zur Ausstellung des Dom-Museums Hildesheim, Hildesheim 2001</em>. Regensburg: Schnell + Steiner, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 148, fig. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buser, Thomas. <em>Experiencing Art Around Us</em>. Australia: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 38, fig. 2-14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. T<em>he Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 122-3, no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 123, cat. no. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Resplendent Faith: Liturgical Treasuries of the Middle Ages. </em>Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 54, fig. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bagnoli, Martina. Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weinryb, Ittai. \"Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe\". <em>West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture</em> 18(2) (2011).", "page_number": "p. 284", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mackenzie, Sophie. \"Treasures of Heaven\" <em>Minerva</em> vol. 22, No. 4 (2011).", "page_number": "pp. 36-9, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina. <em>Worlds Within: Opening the Medieval Shrine Madonna. </em>University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klein, Holger A. \"Das Apostel-Armreliquiar aus dem Welfenschatz in Cleveland und der Typus der Armreliquiare.\" In <em>Typen mittelalterlicher Reliquiare zwischen Innovation und Tradition: Beitra\u0308ge einer Tagung des Kunsthistorischen Instituts der Christian-Albrechts-Universita\u0308t zu Kiel am 22. Oktober 2016. </em>Klaus Gereon Beuckers, and Dorothee Kemper, 23-46. Regensburg: Schnell + Steiner; Hildesheim: Bernward.Medien, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24-30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30-33; Reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freundeskreis des Bayerischen Nationalmuseums. <em>Hommage: Renate Eikelmann</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Sieveking Verlag, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thu\u0308mmel, Hans Georg. Ikonologie der christlichen Kunst. 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 112", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.739", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.739/1930.739_web.jpg", "width": "552", "height": "900", "filesize": "160252", "filename": "1930.739_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.739/1930.739_print.jpg", "width": "2087", "height": "3400", "filesize": "965455", "filename": "1930.739_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.739/1930.739_full.tif", "width": "8563", "height": "13950", "filesize": "358388596", "filename": "1930.739_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.739/1930.739_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "552", "height": "900", "filesize": "139031"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.739/1930.739_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2087", "height": "3400", 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"is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:37.486000"}, {"id": 140492, "accession_number": "1964.40", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hours of Charles the Noble, King of Navarre (1361-1425), c. 1404. Master of the Brussels Initials and Associates (French). Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; codex: 20.3 x 15.7 x 7 cm (8 x 6 3/16 x 2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1964.40", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Hours of Charles the Noble, King of Navarre (1361-1425)", "creation_date": "c. 1404", "creation_date_earliest": 1399, "creation_date_latest": 1409, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on vellum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Manuscript Illuminations", "type": "Bound Volume", "measurements": "Codex: 20.3 x 15.7 x 7 cm (8 x 6 3/16 x 2 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"codex": {"height": 0.203, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.157, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304660, "title": "Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination", "description": "<i>Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 17-April 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "<i>Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 217179, "title": "Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI", "description": "<i>Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (March 22-July 19, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196935, "title": "The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 2010-April 17, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-11-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 309634, "title": "Medieval Monsters: Terrors, Aliens, Wonders", "description": "<i>Medieval Monsters: Terrors, Aliens, Wonders</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 7-October 6, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-07-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Manuscripts et Livres Pr\u00e9cieux Retrouv\u00e9s en Allemagne, Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale, Paris, (1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron Abraham Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild (1845-1934), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Maurice Edmond Karl de Rothschild (1881-1947), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edmond Adolphe Maurice Jules Jacques de Rothschild (1926-1997), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., New York, NY), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "King Charles the Noble likely used this book of hours at his royal castle of Olite in Navarra in northern Spain.", "description": "Creating a book of hours was an arduous and costly process. These books were made from vellum, animal skins that were laboriously prepared in a multistep process. The texts were written with a quill pen and the illustrations were hand painted using water-based pigments. Gold was added for a look of great luxury. Such a book would take years to create, making these valuable objects unique.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763692"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.40-hours-of-charles-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Meiss, Millard. \u201cThe Exhibition of French Manuscripts of the XIII-XVI Centauries at the Bibliotheque Nationale.\u201d <em>Art Bulletin</em> XXXVIII (September 1956)", "page_number": "pp. 194-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Porcher, Jean. French miniatures from illuminated manuscripts. London: Collins, 1960.", "page_number": "pp. 58-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.). The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400; [Exhibition]: October 23-December 2, 1962. 1962.", "page_number": "pp. 67-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meiss, Millard. \u201cFrench and Italian Variations on an Early Fifteenth-Century Theme: St. Jerome and his Study.\u201d <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts </em>LXII (September 1963)", "page_number": "pp. 159 & 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, January-March, 1964,\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> XXVII (1964)", "page_number": "p. 204 & 208", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination. A Catalogue to the Exhibition: March 17-May 17, 1964.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 3 (1964).", "page_number": "pp. 53-55", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151989"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"The Hours of Charles the Noble\" <em>Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52 (March 1965)", "page_number": "pp. 50-91", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152039"}, {"citation": "Burt Wasserman, \"News and Notes\" <em>Art Education</em> 18, no. 1 (January 1965)", "page_number": "pp. 37-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winternitz, Emanuel. \"The Hours of Charles the Noble: Musicians and Musical Instruments.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 3 (1965).", "page_number": "pp. 84-91", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152040"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Bodleian Library, Otto Pa\u0308cht, and J. J. G. Alexander. Illuminated Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Oxford: Clarendon P., 1966.", "page_number": "p. 50, pl XLIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"The Hours of Charles the Noble.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> (July 1966)", "page_number": "p. 370 & 373", "url": null}, {"citation": "Castelnuovo, Enrico. Il gotico internazionale in Francia e nei Paesi Bassi. Milano: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966.", "page_number": "pl. IV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. Treasures from Medieval France. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 264-265; cat.no. VI-25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n291"}, {"citation": "Meiss, Millard. French Painting in the Time of Jean De Berry: The Late Fourteenth Century and the Patronage of the Duke. 1967.", "page_number": "pp. 36, 146-147", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Calkins, Robert G. \"The Brussels Hours Reevaluated.\" <em>Scriptorium</em> XXIV (1970)", "page_number": "p. 20, Pl. 6A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hutchinson, G. Evelyn. Aposematic Insects and the Master of the Brussels Initials. [New Haven, Ct.]: [Sigma Xi], 1974.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hutchinson, Evelyn G. \"Aposmatic Insects and the Master of the Brussels Initials\" <em>American Scientist </em>62 (1974)", "page_number": "pp. 161-172", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meiss, Millard, Sharon Off Dunlap Smith, and Elizabeth H. Beatson. French Painting in the Time of Jean De Berry: The Limbourgs and Their Contemporaries. New York: George Braziller, 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 375, 377, 384f, 447, no. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68, 71", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Thomas, Marcel, Ursule Molinaro, Bruce Benderson, and Marcel Thomas. The golden age: manuscript painting at the time of Jean, Duke of Berry. 1979.", "page_number": "pp. 50-51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calkins, Robert G. \u201cAn Italian in Paris: The Master of the Brussels Initials and his Participation in the French Book Industry.\u201d <em>Gesta</em> 20 (1981)", "page_number": "pp. 225-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick. \"Art, Devotion and Satire.\" <em>The Gamut</em> 2 (Winter 1981)", "page_number": "pp. 42-59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kar\u0142owska-Kamzowa, Alicja. Les relations artistiques entre la Pologne, la France, la Flandre et la Basse Rhenanie du XIIIe au XVe sie\u0300cle. Poznan\u0301: UAM, 1981.", "page_number": "pp. 29-30 fig. 7c", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calkins, Robert G. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 279 repr. p. 415", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"Bolognese Miniatures at the Cleveland Museum,\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LXX (June 1983)", "page_number": "pp. 338-40, repr. p. 339-344", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159829"}, {"citation": "Calkins, Robert G. Programs of Medieval Illumination. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Helen Foresman Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, 1984.", "page_number": "pp. 116 & 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winter, Patrick M. de. La bibliothe\u0300que de Philippe le Hardi, duc de Bourgogne, (1364-1404): e\u0301tude sur les manuscrits a\u0300 peintures d'une collection princie\u0300re a\u0300 l'e\u0301poque du \"Style gothique international\". Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1985.", "page_number": "pp. 100, 108, fig. 265", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marti\u0301nez de Aguirre, Javier. Arte y monarqui\u0301a en Navarra, 1328-1425. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, Departamento de Educacio\u0301n y Cultura, Institucio\u0301n Pri\u0301ncipe de Viana, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 313, 340, 341, 379", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Amico, Rosalba, Renzo Grandi, and Jacques Le Goff. Il Tramonto del Medioevo a Bologna: il cantiere di San Petronio. Bologna: Nuova Alfa, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "University of Glasgow, and Nigel Thorp. The Glory of the Page: Medieval &amp; Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts from Glasgow University Library. London: Published for Glasgow University Library and the Art Gallery of Ontario by Miller, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibbs, Robert. \"The Brussels Initial Master: From Proto-Renaissance to Northern Renaissance and Back\" <em>Apollo</em> (November 1991)", "page_number": "pp. 317-321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smeyers, Maurits, and Bert Cardon. Flanders in a European perspective: manuscript illumination around 1400 in Flanders and abroad : proceedings of the International Colloquium, Leuven, 7-10 September 1993. Leuven: Peeters, 1995.", "page_number": "pp. 30, 32, 35, 78-81, & 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duffin, Ross W. \"Backward Bells and Barrel Bells, Some Notes on the Early History of Loud Instruments\" <em>Historic Brass Society Journal</em> 9 (1997)", "page_number": "pp. 113-129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baldissin Molli, Giovanna, Giordana Mariani Canova, and Federica Toniolo. La miniatura a Padova: dal Medioevo al Settecento. [Modena]: Franco Cosimo Panini, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 471-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marinelli, Sergio, Angelo Mazza, and Diego Arich de Finetti. La pittura emiliana nel Veneto. [Verona]: Banca popolare di Verona--Banco S. Geminiano e S. Prospero, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 24-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Boucicaut. L'a\u0302ge d'or du manuscrit a\u0300 peintures en France au temps de Charles VI et les Heures du Mare\u0301chal Boucicaut. Paris: Institut de France, 2000.", "page_number": "pp. 43, 96-97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Boucicaut. L'a\u0302ge d'or du manuscrit a\u0300 peintures en France au temps de Charles VI et les Heures du Mare\u0301chal Boucicaut. Paris: Institut de France, 2000.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Natale, Mauro. El Renacimiento mediterra\u0301neo: viajes de artistas e itinerarios de obras entre Italia, Francia y Espan\u0303a en el siglo XV : Madrid, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, del 31 de enero al 6 de mayo de 2001, Valencia Museu de Belles Arts de Vale\u0300ncia, del 18 de mayo al 2 de septiembre de 2001. Madrid: Fundacio\u0301n Coleccio\u0301n Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2001.", "page_number": "pp. 90, 190, 285-287, 620-623", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bango Torviso, Isidro Gonzalo. Maravillas de la Espan\u0303a medieval: tesoro sagrado y monarqui\u0301a. Leo\u0301n: Junta de Castilla y Leo\u0301n. Caja Espan\u0303a, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maginnis, Hayden B. J., and Gabriele Erasmi. The World of the Early Sienese Painter. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "fig. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bango Torviso, Isidro Gonzalo. Maravillas de la Espan\u0303a medieval: tesoro sagrado y monarqui\u0301a. Leo\u0301n: Junta de Castilla y Leo\u0301n. Caja Espan\u0303a, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre. Paris, 1400: les arts sous Charles VI. [Paris]: Fayard, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 274", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Hamel, Christopher. Les Rothschild, collectionneurs de manuscrits. Paris: Bibliothe\u0300que nationale de France, 2004.", "page_number": "fig. 4a, 12, 19b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 212, 216-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "France, James. Medieval Images of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Kalamazoo, Mich: Cistercian Publications, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages.</em> Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 74, fig. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hindman, Sandra, and James H. Marrow. Books of hours reconsidered. 2013.", "page_number": "p. 50, footnote 12, p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alexander, J. J. G. <em>The Painted Book in Renaissance Italy: 1450-1600.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mention: p. 286, no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Hamel, Christopher. <em>Meetings with Remarkable Manuscripts </em>London: Allen Lane with an imprint of Penguin Books. 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 422", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"A Royal Book of Hours: The Hours of King Charles the Noble.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 4 (July/August 2017): 18-19.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 18; Mentioned: P. 18-19", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-04/page/n9/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "669", "filesize": "251552", "filename": "1964.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2528", "filesize": "1952405", "filename": "1964.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_full.tif", "width": "11773", "height": "8754", "filesize": "309208404", "filename": "1964.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "900", "filesize": "358526"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2680", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3279467"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9093", "height": "11538", "filesize": "314772692"}, "date_created": "2019-06-18T21:18:48", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "900", "filesize": "331915"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2491", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4479835"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8058", "height": "10997", "filesize": "265868088"}, "date_created": "2019-06-14T21:12:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "900", "filesize": "291910"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2466", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3622281"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7443", "height": "10263", "filesize": "229189532"}, "date_created": "2019-05-16T17:25:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "962", "height": "893", "filesize": "581530"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3157", "filesize": "1762190"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.40/1964.40_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4642", "filesize": "69650020"}, "date_created": "2005-01-20T16:23:52", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140492, "creators": [{"id": 7765, "description": "Master of the Brussels Initials and Associates (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1409", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-02-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1399, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1404", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:13:12.916000"}, {"id": 150530, "accession_number": "1981.83", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Military, 1914\u20131915. Marsden Hartley (American, 1877\u20131943). Oil on canvas; framed: 73.5 x 63.5 x 3.5 cm (28 15/16 x 25 x 1 3/8 in.); unframed: 60.6 x 50.2 cm (23 7/8 x 19 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Professor Nelson Goodman, 1981.83", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "Military", "creation_date": "1914\u20131915", "creation_date_earliest": 1914, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 73.5 x 63.5 x 3.5 cm (28 15/16 x 25 x 1 3/8 in.); Unframed: 60.6 x 50.2 cm (23 7/8 x 19 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.735, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.635, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.035, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.606, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.502, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on reverse of fabric:  Marsden Hartley", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1984</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 321951, "title": "Dictated by Life: Marsden Hartley's German Paintings and Robert Indiana's Hartley Elegies", "description": "<i>Dictated by Life: Marsden Hartley's German Paintings and Robert Indiana's Hartley Elegies</i>. Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 14-June 11, 1995); Terra Museum of American Art (July 1-September 10, 1995); The Patricia & Phillip Frost Art Museum, Miami, FL (October 1-December 2, 1995).", "opening_date": "1995-04-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 227084, "title": "Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (organizer) (October 5-December 31, 2001); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (January 17-March 31, 2002); Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (April 10-June 25, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1981-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Professor Nelson Goodman [1906-1998], Cambridge, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Goodman purchased the painting directly from Charles Demuth's heir, Robert Locher, and his partner, Richard Weyand.</div>"], "date": "Probably 1956-1981", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Robert Locher [1888-1956], Lancaster, PA, sold to Nelson Goodman", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Locher, Demuth's longtime companion, was the principal beneficiary of his estate.&nbsp; According to Nelson Goodman, the painting had been hanging in the Demuth house in Lancaster, PA, where Locher had resided with his partner, Richard Weyand, since Demuth\u2019s death in 1935.&nbsp; Goodman indicates that he purchased the painting from Demuth's \"heirs,\" Locher and Weyand; however, only Locher was Demuth's heir.&nbsp; It is possible that Weyand should also be included in this provenance: if Goodman bought the painting in 1956 after Locher's death but before Weyand's several months later, than Weyand would have been the owner at the time of the purchase.</div>"], "date": "1935-probably 1956", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Charles Demuth [1883-1935], Lancaster, PA, by descent to Robert Locher", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->At some point, Charles Demuth, Hartley's close friend, obtained the painting.&nbsp; While Demuth knew Barnes well and often visited him, the exact circumstances surrounding the former's acquisition of the painting are unknown.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "After 1921-1935", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Albert C. Barnes [1872-1951], Philadelphia, PA", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Barnes purchased this painting, along with three others, at the sale of Hartley's collection on May 10, 1921.&nbsp; Shortly after the auction, Barnes asked Hartley about the possibility of purchasing two more paintings, which Hartley was offering for $350 each.&nbsp; Barnes offered only $50, and Hartley passed the letter to his dealer, Alfred Stieglitz, who never responded.&nbsp; After the incident, Barnes stopped acquiring works by Hartley and eventually removed <em>Military </em>from his collection.</div>"], "date": "1921-", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Hartley sale, Anderson Galleries, New York, May 10, 1921, as \u201cPre-War Pageant, 1913,\" sold to Albert C. Barnes)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->By the spring of 1921, Hartley had become desperately poor, having failed to attract any real following in the United States, and so he was forced to sell off a large portion of his oeuvre at auction.</div>"], "date": "1921", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Collection of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914/1915-1921", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hartley was one of the first modern artists to paint abstractions.", "description": "This abstract portrait is a memorial tribute to a German lieutenant named Karl von Freyburg with whom Hartley had been in love. The artist described von Freyburg\u2019s death as an \"unendurable agony,\" and created a series of deeply personal paintings in response. Here the shapes and color patterns suggest flags, banners, targets, epaulets, and other military paraphernalia.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474821"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Anderson Galleries, Inc. <em>Seventy-Five Pictures by James N. Rosenburg and 117 Pictures by Marsden Hartley</em>. 1921.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Levin, Gail. \"Hidden Symbolism in Marsden Hartley's Military Pictures.\" <em>Arts Magazine</em> 54, no. 2 (October 1979).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Haskell, Barbara. <em>Marsden Hartley</em>. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art in association with New York University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45, n. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1984.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>72 (April 1985)", "page_number": "Reproduced: n. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Marsden Hartley's Military.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 76 (January 1989)", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 2, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22; Reproduced: front cover illustration", "url": null}, {"citation": "McDonnell, Patricia. \"<em>Indian Fantasy</em>: Marsden Hartley's <em>Myth of Amerika</em> in Expressionist Berlin.\" <em>North Carolina Museum of Art Bulletin </em>XVI (1993)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56; Reproduced: p. 58, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European and American Painting in The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robertson, Bruce. <em>Marsden Hartley.</em> New York: Harry N. Abrams in association with The National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "French Regional &amp; American Museums Exchange. <em>Made in USA: L'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1947.</em> Paris: \u00c9ditions de la R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"L\u2019art Am\u00e9ricain d\u00e9barque.\" <em>Le Magazine: Arts &amp; Spectacles </em>(January 2002)", "page_number": "Reproduced: unpaginated", "url": null}, {"citation": "McDonnell, Patricia. \"'Portrait of Berlin': Marsden Hartley and Urban Modernity in Expressionist Berlin.\" In <em>Marsden Hartley,</em> edited by Elizabeth Mankin Kornhauser. New Haven: Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art in association with Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40, 51, 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Voorhies, James Timothy, ed. <em>My Dear Stieglitz: Letters of Marsden Hartley and Alfred Stieglitz, 1912-1915. </em>Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 6, unpaginated", "url": null}, {"citation": "McDonnell, Patricia. <em>Painting Berlin Stories: Marsden Hartley, Oscar Bluemner, and the First American Avant-Garde in Expressionist Berlin.</em> New York: Peter Lang, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 97; Reproduced: p. 98, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt,Steven. \"'Geometry' draws us in, yet theme fails to come full circle.\" <em>The</em> <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer</em>, June 18, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. J5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>Whats American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123; Reproduced: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cash, Sarah \"Berlin Abstraction.\" In <em>Corcoran Gallery of Art: American Paintings to 1945, </em>edited by Sarah Cash. Seattle: Marquand Books, Inc., 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "McDonnell, Patricia, and Michael Plante. <em>Dictated by Life: Marsden Hartley's German Paintings and Robert Indiana's Hartley Elegies</em>. Minneapolis, MN: Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, University of Minnesota; New York, NY: Distributed by D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 30, 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chassey, Eric de. <em>Made in USA: l'art ame\u0301ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118, no. 58; Reproduced: pp. 57, 64", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1981.83", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Professor Nelson Goodman", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. Robert B. Benyo Trust Gallery", "athena_id": 150530, "creators": [{"id": 3104, "description": "Marsden Hartley (American, 1877\u20131943)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1877", "death_year": "1943", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-03-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1914, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1914\u20131915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:05.468000"}, {"id": 128074, "accession_number": "1950.90", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Caf\u00e9 Wepler, c. 1908\u201310, reworked in 1912. \u00c9douard Vuillard (French, 1868\u20131940). Oil on fabric; framed: 91.8 x 132.7 x 13 cm (36 1/8 x 52 1/4 x 5 1/8 in.); unframed: 62.2 x 103.2 cm (24 1/2 x 40 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1950.90", "current_location": null, "title": "Caf\u00e9 Wepler", "creation_date": "c. 1908\u201310, reworked in 1912", "creation_date_earliest": 1908, "creation_date_latest": 1912, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 19th-early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 91.8 x 132.7 x 13 cm (36 1/8 x 52 1/4 x 5 1/8 in.); Unframed: 62.2 x 103.2 cm (24 1/2 x 40 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.918, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.327, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.13, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.622, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.032, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed bottom right in red (stamp?): E. Vuillard", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338316, "title": "French Impressionists", "description": "<i>French Impressionists</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (organizer) (May 23-April 19, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300318, "title": "Work of Edouard Vuillard", "description": "<i>Work of Edouard Vuillard</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 27-March 14, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520802, "title": "Vuillard", "description": "<i>Vuillard</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (October 14-November 15, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-10-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445672, "title": "Retrospective Exhibition: Work of Edouard Vuillard", "description": "<i>Retrospective Exhibition: Work of Edouard Vuillard</i>. Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (September 10-October 24, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444640, "title": "Celebration", "description": "<i>Celebration</i>. Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh, PA (organizer) (October 25, 1974-January 5, 1975).", "opening_date": "1974-10-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 687893, "title": "Caf\u00e9 Society: Art and Sociability in Paris, 1855 - 1914", "description": "<i>Caf\u00e9 Society: Art and Sociability in Paris, 1855 - 1914</i>. Ordrupgaard, Charlottenlund, Copenhagen, Denmark (February 5-May 31, 2026); The Dixon Gallery and Gardens, Memphis, TN (organizer) (June 18-September 6, 2026); Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha, NE (September 26, 2026-January 17, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>\u00c9douard Vuillard</em>. Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, France (1912), no. 23 (according to Salomon).", "opening_date": "1912-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Vuillard.</em> Stockholm, Galerie d'Art Latin, Stockholm, Sweden (Autumn 1948), no. 12, Le Restaurant Wepler, 1922.", "opening_date": "1948-09-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>\u00c9douard Vuillard 1860-1940. </em>Kunsthalle, Basel, Switzerland (1949), no. 204, Restaurant Wepler, privatbesitz, Paris.", "opening_date": "1949-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Artist\u2019s studio, by inheritance to Jacques Roussel", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1908-1940", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jacques Roussel [b. 1901], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Roussel, Vuillard\u2019s nephew, inherited a number of the works that were in the artist\u2019s studio at the time of his death. Roussel was the lender of <em>Caf\u00e9 Wepler </em>(\u201cRestaurant Wepler\u201d) to an exhibition at the Basel Kunsthalle in 1949.&nbsp; While he is not identified in the catalogue by name, the Basel Kunsthalle confirmed that he was the lender, and indeed, he is named as the lender of several other Vuillards in the exhibition.&nbsp; Roussel may have sold the painting directly to C\u00e9sar de Hauke: de Hauke sold the painting to CMA just one year after this exhibition, and he and Roussel had a personal connection, as de Hauke sold a number of works by Roussel\u2019s father, Ker-Xavier Roussel.&nbsp; However, without confirmation of a sale between Roussel and de Hauke, any transaction that may have occurred is speculative at this point.</div>"], "date": "Probably 1940-1949/1950", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(C\u00e9sar de Hauke, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1950", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Established in 1881, the Cafe Wepler is still in business. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was frequented by artists and writers.", "description": "The Wepler, a large brasserie restaurant on Place Clichy in the Montmartre district of Paris, is composed of several rooms on different levels. Once frequented by bohemian artists like Pablo Picasso and Amedeo Modigliani, the Wepler is still in business today.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515795"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.90-cafe-wepler"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard, the Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels</em>. Milan: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "S\u00f6ren Schmeling, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Nov. 25, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vuillard, E\u0301douard, and Charles Hug. <em>Edouard Vuillard (1868-1940), Charles Hug: 26. Ma\u0308rz-1. Mai 1949, Kunsthalle Basel</em>. Basel. Kunsthalle. Catalogues. 1949-1950. [Basel]: [Die Kunsthalle], 1949.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard, the Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels</em>. Milan: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Offin, Charles Z. <em>Pictures on Exhibit</em>. New York, NY, Pictures Pub. Co. (January, 1951):46-47.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 46-47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Edouard Vuillard.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>41, no. 1 (January 1954): 6-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141927"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n206"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n206"}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 225", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n245"}, {"citation": "Salomon, Antoine, Guy Cogeval, and Mathias Chivot. <em>Vuillard, the Inexhaustible Glance: Critical Catalogue of Paintings and Pastels</em>. Milan, Italy: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 542, fig. VII; Mentioned: p. 817", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.90", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.90/1950.90_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "762", "filesize": "268333", "filename": "1950.90_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.90/1950.90_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2052", "filesize": "2064584", "filename": "1950.90_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.90/1950.90_full.tif", "width": "7832", "height": "4728", "filesize": "111112860", "filename": "1950.90_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.90/1950.90_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "759", "filesize": "964931"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.90/1950.90_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1231", "filesize": "2552286"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.90/1950.90_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1231", "filesize": "7565908"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128074, "creators": [{"id": 1833, "description": "\u00c9douard Vuillard (French, 1868\u20131940)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "After attending the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet, \u00c9douard Vuillard entered the studio of history painter Diog\u00e8ne Maillart (1840-1926). In 1886 he enrolled at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian, where he was taught by Tony Robert-Fleury (1837-1911) and Bouguereau (q.v.). The following year he was accepted into the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and was briefly in the atelier of G\u00e9r\u00f4me (q.v.). At this time he also studied seventeenth-century Dutch painting and the works of Chardin (1699-1779). By 1889 Vuillard was persuaded by his friend painter and theorist Maurice Denis (1870-1943) to join the newly formed group of artists known as the Nabis. The Nabis based many of their ideas on synthetism, first developed by Gauguin (q.v.) and \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), in which the artist was to work not from nature but from memory. Vuillard's initial synthetist works reveal a preoccupation with pattern and bright colors, denying the three-dimensionality of the object. By 1892, however, his colors were more subdued, reflecting his desire to mimic the unusual lighting effects that he had seen in symbolist theater. Vuillard's first major commissions date from this time, including nine panels for the dining room of Alexandre Natanson and four decorative panels for the library of Dr. Henri Vaquez. In 1898 Vuillard visited Venice and Florence, and the following year he and Bonnard (q.v.), a fellow member of the Nabis, made an excursion to London. Later they went to Milan and Venice and eventually to Spain. Vuillard also made trips to Brittany and Normandy. His first public commission came in 1912, when he was asked to paint panels for the foyer of the Com\u00e9die des Champs-Elys\u00e9es in Paris. During that period he moved beyond the synthetism of the Nabis and returned to a more traditional perspective. At the same time he was accepting commissions for portraits. In 1936 he was chosen to paint a mural at the Palais des Nations in Geneva and was subsequently elected to the Institut de France.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1868", "death_year": "1940", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-03-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1908, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1908\u201310, reworked in 1912", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:36:36.396000"}, {"id": 142716, "accession_number": "1966.432", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hinds House Window, c. 1900. Tiffany Glass & Decorating Company (America, New York, 1892\u20131902). Leaded glass; unframed: 227.3 x 114.3 cm (89 1/2 x 45 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Robert M. Fallon, 1966.432", "current_location": "209 Tiffany", "title": "Hinds House Window", "creation_date": "c. 1900", "creation_date_earliest": 1895, "creation_date_latest": 1905, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["America, New York"], "technique": "leaded glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Unframed: 227.3 x 114.3 cm (89 1/2 x 45 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 2.273, "height_inch": 89, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.143, "width_inch": 45, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 358650, "title": "Tiffany in Bloom: Stained Glass Lamps of Louis Comfort Tiffany", "description": "<i>Tiffany in Bloom: Stained Glass Lamps of Louis Comfort Tiffany</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 20, 2019-October 4, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-10-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Howell Hinds, [1857-1926], Cleveland, OH, by descent to his daughter Mrs. Robert M. Fallon (formerly Alice W. Hinds, 1893\u20131967), the daughter of Howell Hinds and Nellie Price Hinds", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Robert M. Fallon [1893-1967], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This window incorporates layered pieces of glass, producing shadows and creating a multidimensional quality.", "description": "In this window commissioned for the Howell Hinds house around 1900, thousands of richly colored glass pieces have been arranged and layered to paint an idyllic three-dimensional scene that would have warmly glowed in the afternoon sunlight. Located at 2200 Overlook Road in Cleveland, Ohio, the house was demolished in 1930 in a similar fate as other nearby estates. Photographs show the placement of the window in the drawing room next to the fireplace as well as the opulent interiors Louis Comfort Tiffany designed for the library and dining room.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60820012"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.432-hinds-house-window"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 189", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n213"}, {"citation": "Saks, Judith. \"Tiffany's Household Decoration: A Landscape Window.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>63, no. 8 (October 1976): 226-235.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 226, 232, fig. 6; Mentioned: P. 227-234", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n255"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino.<em> Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 275; Discussed: p. 274; Mentioned: Pg. 340 (Cat. No. 285)", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=230187932"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced & Discussed: p. 143", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}, {"citation": "\"King Louis\". <em>Antique Collecting </em>58, no. 7 (December/January 2023-24): 36-40.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.432", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.432/1966.432_web.jpg", "width": "455", "height": "900", "filesize": "233286", "filename": "1966.432_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.432/1966.432_print.jpg", "width": "1717", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1831369", "filename": "1966.432_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.432/1966.432_full.tif", "width": "6062", "height": "12004", "filesize": "218332664", "filename": "1966.432_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.432/1966.432_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "451", "height": "893", "filesize": "429680"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.432/1966.432_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1717", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4830255"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.432/1966.432_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2525", "height": "5000", "filesize": "37900956"}, "date_created": "2007-10-30T15:43:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.432/1966.432_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "456", "height": "900", "filesize": "262872"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.432/1966.432_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1038", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2011500"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.432/1966.432_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1038", "height": "2048", "filesize": "6379996"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Robert M. Fallon", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ruth and Charles Mauer Gallery", "athena_id": 142716, "creators": [{"id": 55726, "description": "Tiffany Glass & Decorating Company (America, New York, 1892\u20131902)", "extent": "made by", "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Landscape with a Greek Temple"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:19:41.711000"}, {"id": 145937, "accession_number": "1971.145", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase with Golden Pheasants (\u73d0\u7405\u5f69\u9326\u96de\u82b1\u5349\u849c\u982d\u74f6), 1736\u201395. China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-95). Porcelain painted in polychrome enamels over transparent glaze; overall: 18.6 x 10.5 cm (7 5/16 x 4 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1971.145", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Vase with Golden Pheasants", "title_in_original_language": "\u73d0\u7405\u5f69\u9326\u96de\u82b1\u5349\u849c\u982d\u74f6", "creation_date": "1736\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1795, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi province, Jingdezhen kilns, Qing dynasty (1644-1911), Qianlong mark and period (1736-95)"], "technique": "porcelain painted in polychrome enamels over transparent glaze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 18.6 x 10.5 cm (7 5/16 x 4 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.186, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.105, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e74\u88fd", "inscription_translation": "Qianlong nian zhi (Made in the reign of Qianlong)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Russell Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1931", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(John Sparks, Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131971", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1971\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Refined porcelains produced in Jingdezhen kilns were sent to Beijing palace workshops to be decorated in <em>falangcai</em> technique under direct imperial supervision.", "description": "The flower-and-bird painting in this vase was intricately executed in colored enamels (<em>falangcai</em>), with careful modeling, shading, and blending of colors reflecting European influences through missionary-artists at the Qing court. The Jesuit artist Giuseppe Castiglione (1688\u20131766), in particular, exerted tremendous impact at the Qianlong academy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741614"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.145-vase-with-golden-phe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hobson, R. L., Bernard Rackham, and William King. <em>Chinese Ceramics in Private Collections</em>. London: Halton &amp; T. Smith, Ltd, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192; Reproduced: plate 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hobson, R. L., Bernard Rackham, and William King. <em>Chinese Ceramics in Private Collections</em>. London: Halton &amp; T. Smith, Ltd, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192; Reproduced: plate 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Barbara Hutton Collection of Chinese Porcelain; [Exhibition] Honolulu Academy of Arts, November 1956-January 1957</em>. Honolulu: [Honolulu Academy of Arts], 1957.", "page_number": "p. 30, pl. XXI; p. 31, pl. XXII", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 360", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n380"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "cat. no. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Hai wai yi zhen. Tao ci. San</em> [Chinese Art in Overseas Collections, Pottery and Porcelain III = \u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u9676\u74f7. \u4e09]. Zhonghua min guo Taibei Shi, Shilin qu \u4e2d\u83ef\u6c11\u570b\u53f0\u5317\u5e02\u58eb\u6797\u5340: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199, plate 199", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.145", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "208012", "filename": "1971.145_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2592261", "filename": "1971.145_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75526588", "filename": "1971.145_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "199423"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2348", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2632779"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "5932", "filesize": "72921332"}, "date_created": "2005-08-29T18:30:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "820", "height": "893", "filesize": "307902"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3123", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3798242"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.145/1971.145_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3390", "height": "3691", "filesize": "37567692"}, "date_created": "2005-08-29T19:34:13", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145937, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Suan-t'ou p'ing: Vase"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:52.576000"}, {"id": 145192, "accession_number": "1970.36", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fragment of a Processional Cross, c. 1050. Byzantium, Constantinople, Byzantine period. Silver gilt, niello; overall: 32.3 x 44.8 x 5.7 cm (12 11/16 x 17 5/8 x 2 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1970.36", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Fragment of a Processional Cross", "creation_date": "c. 1050", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Constantinople, Byzantine period"], "technique": "silver gilt, niello", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 32.3 x 44.8 x 5.7 cm (12 11/16 x 17 5/8 x 2 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.323, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.448, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.057, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 211519, "title": "The Glory of Byzantium", "description": "<i>The Glory of Byzantium</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3-July 6, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207425, "title": "Every People Under Heaven: Jerusalem, 1000\u20131400", "description": "<i>Every People Under Heaven: Jerusalem, 1000\u20131400</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 19, 2016-January 8, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-09-19T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Washington D.C., Dumbarton Oaks: \"Byzantine Figural Processional Crosses\" September 23, 1994--January 29, 1995, exh. cat. no. 2. pp 68-75, fig. 26.", "opening_date": "1994-09-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Byzantine processions were a feast for the senses. Imagine the scent of sweet and spicy incense wafting through the air, mingling with the sound of sacred chants as priests carry this cross in a procession during the service.", "description": "Impressively large and elaborately embellished, the cross to which this fragment belonged was likely carried in liturgical processions. The central medallion on its front depicts Christ, flanked by medallions showing the Virgin and Saint John the Baptist. Together they form the Deesis, a powerful Byzantine image formula evoking these saints\u2019 intercession with Christ on behalf of mankind. In the central medallion on the cross\u2019s back is Saint Sabas, founder of an important monastery near Jerusalem, in whose honor the cross was made. He is surrounded by other monastic saints, thus indicating that the cross was likely used by a monastic community.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757926"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.36-fragment-of-a-proces"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Evans, Helen C., and William D. Wixom. <em>The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60-61; Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 80-81, no. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boehm, Barbara Drake and Melanie Hocomb, eds. <em>Jerusalem, 1000-1400: Every People Under Heaven</em>. NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "89", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.36", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.36/1970.36_web.jpg", "width": "1147", "height": "893", "filesize": "399972", "filename": "1970.36_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.36/1970.36_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2647", "filesize": "3504102", "filename": "1970.36_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.36/1970.36_full.tif", "width": "4747", "height": "3695", "filesize": "52649696", "filename": "1970.36_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.36/1970.36_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1215", "height": "893", "filesize": "391795"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.36/1970.36_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2498", "filesize": "3100523"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.36/1970.36_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5023", "height": "3691", "filesize": "55648488"}, "date_created": "2005-11-03T19:39:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145192, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1050", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:27:26.402000"}, {"id": 141444, "accession_number": "1964.88", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Armor for Man and Horse with V\u00f6ls-Colonna Arms, c. 1575. North Italy, 16th century. Steel. The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.88", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Armor for Man and Horse with V\u00f6ls-Colonna Arms", "creation_date": "c. 1575", "creation_date_earliest": 1570, "creation_date_latest": 1580, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["North Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "steel", "support_materials": [{"description": "etched bands (\"Pisan\" Style)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Schloss Pr\u00f6sels, Fi\u00e8 allo Sciliar, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Town Hall, Bolzano, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1832", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Prince Peter Soltykoff (active 1840-1861), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1832-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "William H. Rigs (1837-1928), Paris, France, donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1913", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art (1913-64), New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1913-1964", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Vols-Colonna family crest is found seven times in prominent locations on this armor set for horse and rider.", "description": "A knight depended on his horse both as a weapon and a means of defense. He therefore had to take great care to protect his charger. From the 1100s on, knights first covered their steeds in trappings of fabric and later of mail. By around 1400, full steel plate armor for horses was complete. It is possible that this armor made for both man and horse originally belonged to a \"garniture,\" an armor with multiple customized exchange elements that could convert the basic suit to various field and sporting uses. With different pieces of the garniture attached, this suit could have been worn either in battle or in various tournament games. The total combined weight of both the man's and horse's armor is 114 pounds. The etched decoration of this armor is of a type that became fashionable in northern Italy during the late 1500s. It consists of ornamental bands of etched figures, animals, portrait busts, and armor trophies. In addition, a coat of arms is represented seven times in different places\u2014the center of the breastplate and blackplate, the front and back of each pauldron (shoulder defense), and the center of the peytral (horse's breastplate). The coat of arms is that of the Colonna family quartered with another, still unidentified family. It probably belonged to an unknown member of the V\u00f6ls-Colonna family from the South Tyrol, now part of northern Italy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756886"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.88-armor-for-man-and-ho"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dean, Bashford. \"Mr. Riggs as a Collector of Armor.\" <em>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</em> 9, no. 3 (1914).", "page_number": "p. 72", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3253584"}, {"citation": "Dean, Bashford. <em>Handbook of Arms and Armor European and Oriental: Including the William H. Riggs Collection. </em>New York: The Metropolitain Museum of Art, 1921.", "page_number": "p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stone, George Cameron. <em>A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms and Armor in All Countries and in All Times,</em> Together with Some Closely Related Subjects. Portland, Me: Southworth Press, 1934.", "page_number": "p. 96, fig. 123, no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Artley, A. S., M. Monroe, and H. M. Robinson. <em>Open Highways Book 6</em>. Book 6. Sacramento: California State Deparment of Education, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 233", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 20, 57, 162; cat. no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olsen, Kirstin. <em>All Things Shakespeare. An Encyclopedia of Shakespeare's World 2 </em>2. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bolzano (Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy). <em>Bolzano 1700-1800: la citta\u0300 e le arti. </em>Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 77,  fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Carrara, Elena. \"\u201cMon Cher Ami Et Fr\u00e8re D\u2019armes\u201d: Letters from Costantino Ressman to William Riggs, Collectors of Arms and Armor in Nineteenth-Century Paris.\" <em>Metropolitan Museum Journal</em> 47, no. 1 (2012).", "page_number": "p. 169", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/670146"}, {"citation": "Shafer, Jason. \"You Ask, We Answer.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 59, no. 1 (January/February 2019): 22.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-01/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina, and Stephen N. Fliegel. Collectors, Commissioners, Curators: Studies in Medieval Art for Stephen N. Fliegel. Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter ; [Kalamazoo, Michigan] : Medieval Institute Publications, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 133-134, Fig. 7.1.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.88", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "900", "filesize": "196251", "filename": "1964.88_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1539703", "filename": "1964.88_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_full.tif", "width": "3744", "height": "5616", "filesize": "63120884", "filename": "1964.88_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "900", "filesize": "200444"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1724948"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3744", "height": "5616", "filesize": "63119816"}, "date_created": "2013-11-22T15:44:11.088000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "600", "filesize": "208236"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2267", "filesize": "1822085"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5616", "height": "3744", "filesize": "63119840"}, "date_created": "2013-08-05T14:21:25.056000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1021", "height": "893", "filesize": "609265"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2974", "filesize": "6036129"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4374", "filesize": "65636468"}, "date_created": "2007-04-24T18:28:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1021", "height": "893", "filesize": "625419"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2974", "filesize": "5974892"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.88/1964.88_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4374", "filesize": "65645172"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "faca2ad557f64809b598c3a646a8804f", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/faca2ad557f64809b598c3a646a8804f", "gallery_donor_text": "Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Armor Court", "athena_id": 141444, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1570, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1575", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:06.201000"}, {"id": 369885, "accession_number": "2019.175", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Las Meninas, 2019. Simone Leigh (American, b. 1967). Terracotta, steel, raffia, porcelain; overall: 182.9 x 213.4 x 152.4 cm (72 x 84 x 60 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchased with funds donated by Scott Mueller, 2019.175. \u00a9 2019 Simone Leigh. All rights reserved.", "current_location": "229A Contemporary", "title": "Las Meninas", "creation_date": "2019", "creation_date_earliest": 2019, "creation_date_latest": 2019, "artists_tags": ["female", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Terracotta, steel, raffia, porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 182.9 x 213.4 x 152.4 cm (72 x 84 x 60 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.829, "height_inch": 72, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 2.134, "width_inch": 84, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 1.524, "depth_inch": 60, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "No Extent Specified": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 2019 Simone Leigh. All rights reserved.", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>TEFAF New York Spring 2019</em>. Luhring Augustine Gallery, New York (March 3-7, 2019)", "opening_date": "2019-03-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Luhring Augustine Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2019", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2019-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The hollow face is surrounded by dozens of small porcelain flowers.", "description": "<em>Las Meninas</em> draws on traditions throughout global art and culture to address issues surrounding the female body, race, beauty, and community. The work\u2019s skirted form conjures figures from the Spanish Golden Age painting <em>Las Meninas</em> (1656) by Diego Velazquez, apparel worn in the Afro-Brazilian religious tradition candombl\u00e9, and Mousgoum buildings in Cameroon. The white-glazed terracotta torso, alluding to sacred and secular traditions of body painting, leads to a faceless head, incorporating both figuration and abstraction.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79878319"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Simone Leigh</em>. New York, N.Y.: Luhring Augustine, 2019.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rhodes-Pitts, Sharife. \"Simone Leigh: For Her Own Pleasure and Edification.\" In <em>The Hugo Boss Prize 2018. New York: </em>Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Leigh, Simone. \"Portfolio: Simone Leigh.\" In <em>Public Servants: Art and the Crises of the Common Good, e</em>dited by Johanna Burton, Shannon Jackson, and Dominic Willsdon, 222-227. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2016.", "page_number": "", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conde, Maryse, Jota Mombaca, and Peggy Piesche. <em>We Don't Need Another Hero:10th Berlin Biennale for Contemporary Art.</em> Berlin: Distanz, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Trigger: Gender As a Tool and a Weapon</em>. Edited by Johanna Burton and Natalie Bell. New York: New Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 108-111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elderton, Louisa, and Rebecca Morrill, eds. <em>Vitamin C: Clay + Ceramic in Contemporary Art</em>. London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 160-63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cafritz, Peggy Cooper, Njideka Akunyili Crosby, and Charmaine Picard. Fired Up! Ready to Go!: Finding Beauty, Demanding Equity : an African American Life in Art : the Collections of Peggy Cooper Cafritz. 2018.", "page_number": "Referenced p. 169", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fellah, Nadiah Rivera. \u201cSimone Leigh: The artist's <em>Las Meninas</em>, acquired last year, invites examination of the relationship between artist, subject, and viewer.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 4 (Fall 2020): 14-15.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 14-15.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"New Take on the New: A comprehensive reinstallation of the galleries of contemporary art offers fresh viewpoints on the art of our time.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): Cover, 4-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 9; Mentioned: P. 4, 8.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Key Jo, and William Griswold. Perceptual Drift: Black Art and an Ethics of Looking. Cleveland, OH : Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 63-78; reproduced: p. 62, fig. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Supporter Story: Remembering Toby Lewis.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 64, no. 1 (2024): 33-34.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 34", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-01/page/32/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.175", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchased with funds donated by Scott Mueller", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Toby's Gallery for Contemporary Art", "athena_id": 369885, "creators": [{"id": 369887, "description": "Simone Leigh (American, b. 1967)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": null, "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1967", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2019-09-09T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 2019, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "2019", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:54:04.609000"}, {"id": 109507, "accession_number": "1928.16", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Agostino Barbarigo, after c. 1571. Paolo Veronese (Italian, 1528\u20131588). Oil on canvas; framed: 136.2 x 136.2 x 12.1 cm (53 5/8 x 53 5/8 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 102.2 x 104.2 cm (40 1/4 x 41 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. L. E. Holden, Mr. and Mrs. Guerdon S. Holden, and the L. E. Holden Fund, 1928.16", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "Portrait of Agostino Barbarigo", "creation_date": "after c. 1571", "creation_date_earliest": 1571, "creation_date_latest": 1581, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 136.2 x 136.2 x 12.1 cm (53 5/8 x 53 5/8 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 102.2 x 104.2 cm (40 1/4 x 41 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.362, "height_inch": 53, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.362, "width_inch": 53, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.121, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.022, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.042, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443312, "title": "The Golden Century of Venetian Painting", "description": "<i>The Golden Century of Venetian Painting</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (October 23, 1978-January 28, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-10-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442077, "title": "Venezia e la difea del Levante: da Lepanto a Candia 1570-1690", "description": "<i>Venezia e la difea del Levante: da Lepanto a Candia 1570-1690</i>. Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Venice, Italy (organizer) (March 15-July 20, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228005, "title": "The Secular Veronese", "description": "<i>The Secular Veronese</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Luxembourg, Paris, France (organizer) (September 22, 2004-September 30, 2005); Museo Correr (February 11-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177335, "title": "Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese: Rivals in Renaissance Venice", "description": "<i>Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese: Rivals in Renaissance Venice</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (March 15-August 16, 2009); Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (September 14, 2009-January 4, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220974, "title": "Paolo Veronese: Versatile Master of Renaissance Venice", "description": "<i>Paolo Veronese: Versatile Master of Renaissance Venice</i>. John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (organizer) (December 6, 2012-April 14, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-12-06T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 1956: \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. no. 61, pl. XXXVIII (Catalogue by Henry S. Francis).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1963: \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of CMA,\" cat. no. 110.", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Venice, Palazzo Justinian April 25-Nov. 4, 1939: \"Mostra di Paolo Veronese,\" cat. no. 52 (catalogue by Rodolfo Pallucchini).", "opening_date": "1939-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Los Angeles County Museum, 1979/80: \"The Golden Century of Venetian Painting,\" cat. no. 44, repr. color. (Cataloge by Terisio Pignatti).", "opening_date": "1980-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy; March 5-May 18, 1986: Venezia e la difesa del Levante: da Lepanto a Candia 1570-1670. cat. no. 13, p. 28, repr.", "opening_date": "1986-03-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington D.C., National Gallery of Art, November 13, 1988-February 20, 1989: \"Veronese: Painter and Draftsman,\" cat. #.", "opening_date": "1988-11-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mus\u00e9e du Luxembourg, Paris (9/22/2004 - 1/30/2004) and Museo Correr, Venice (2/11/2005 - 5/29/2005): \"The Secular Veronese\", ex. cat. no.22, p.124-125.", "opening_date": "2004-01-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (3/15/2009 - 8/16/2009) and Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris (9/14/2009 - 1/4/2010): \"Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese: Rivals in Renaissance Venice\", ex. cat. no. 10, p.161.", "opening_date": "2009-03-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (12/6/2012 - 4/14/2013): \"Paolo Veronese: Versatile Master of Renaissance Venice\", fig. 18, p. 130.", "opening_date": "2012-12-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Giorgio Bergonzi (Venice, Italy),", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Possibly Manfrin, Venice, 1856]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "H. O. Miethke (Vienna, 1927])", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Italico Brass, 1870-1943 (Venice, Italy), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The arrow symbolically indicates that this portrait was painted after the sitter died in battle.", "description": "Barbarigo served as second in command of the Venetian naval forces during the Battle of Lepanto, fighting against the Ottoman Empire on October 7, 1571. During the skirmish, Barbarigo was slain by a Turkish arrow, which he holds in the portrait.<br><br>Barbarigo\u2019s identity is defined by his military prowess. In the 1500s, Venetian military portraits often portrayed the sitter in armor in a pose typical of a Roman emperor, creating a link to the valor and might of ancient armies.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3937452"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1928.16-portrait-of-agostino"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Portrait of Ammiraglio Manfrin by Paolo Veronese: A New Accession for the Holden Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>15, no.3 (March 1928): 63-65", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62; Mentioned: p. 64", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137112"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123; Reproduced: p. 127", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n121"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n121"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n132"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.448; Mentioned: p. 449", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brucher, Gu\u0308nter. <em>Geschichte der Venezianischen Malerei</em>. Wien: Bo\u0308hlau, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232, Abb. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zamperini, Alessandra. <em>Paolo Veronese</em>. San Giovanni Lupatoto (Verona): Arsenale, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 322", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gentili, Augusto. \"Veronesiana com Figuris Almanacco 2000-2015 Parte Secunda.\" <em>Venezia cinquecento</em> 24, no. 47 (2014): 5-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7; Reproduced: fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art: First Quarter 2016</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neerman, Maja. Titian's Hidden Double Portrait: Unveiled After 500 Years. Lichtervelde : Hannibal, 2019, 76.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 76, fig. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korthals Altes, Gerrit. De zwarte dood in Venetie\u0308: pest, politiek en kunst in de dogenstad. 2020, 26.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lisby, Darnell-Jamal, William Griswold, Matteo Augello, Alessandra Arezzi Boza, Massimiliano Capella, Luke Meagher, Stefania Ricci, and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 2-3, fig. 3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1928.16", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "882", "filesize": "337615", "filename": "1928.16_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3331", "filesize": "4528248", "filename": "1928.16_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_full.tif", "width": "5759", "height": "5642", "filesize": "97507720", "filename": "1928.16_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "839", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3171", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5850", "height": "6273", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2019-04-25T12:05:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "885", "height": "893", "filesize": "181156"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3369", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2162213"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5809", "height": "5862", "filesize": "102200888"}, "date_created": "2013-05-07T19:52:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "886", "height": "893", "filesize": "80476"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3372", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1003550"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5945", "height": "5993", "filesize": "106907068"}, "date_created": "2013-05-07T19:14:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "881", "height": "893", "filesize": "125104"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3354", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1849757"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5940", "height": "6021", "filesize": "107316132"}, "date_created": "2013-05-07T19:24:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "915", "height": "893", "filesize": "559195"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3320", "filesize": "8264210"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "5370", "filesize": "88637244"}, "date_created": "2007-06-11T13:58:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "908", "height": "893", "filesize": "546699"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3342", "filesize": "6150512"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.16/1928.16_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3782", "height": "3718", "filesize": "42210544"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. L. E. Holden, Mr. and Mrs. Guerdon S. Holden, and the L. E. Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 109507, "creators": [{"id": 2362, "description": "Paolo Veronese (Italian, 1528\u20131588)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1528", "death_year": "1588", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1928-01-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1571, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "after c. 1571", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Agostino Barbarigo", "Ammiraglio Manfrin"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 16:01:07.816000"}, {"id": 118475, "accession_number": "1939.509", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pendant, 400\u2013700. Panama, International Style, 5th-8th century. Cast gold; overall: 7.4 x 5.2 x 5.2 cm (2 15/16 x 2 1/16 x 2 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1939.509", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Pendant", "creation_date": "400\u2013700", "creation_date_earliest": 400, "creation_date_latest": 700, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Panama, International Style, 5th-8th century"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 7.4 x 5.2 x 5.2 cm (2 15/16 x 2 1/16 x 2 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.074, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.052, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.052, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312180, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 19-April 11, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-03-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219999, "title": "Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (July 16-September 29, 2002); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rouen, Rouen, France (October 24, 2002-January 13, 2003); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, 69001 Lyon, France (February 19-April 29, 2003); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (May 27-August 18, 2003); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (October 26, 2003-January 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2002-07-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 357417, "title": "Shamanism", "description": "<i>Shamanism</i>. Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, Santiago, Chile (organizer) (December 1, 2022-June 30, 2023) https://museo.precolombino.cl/2022/12/12/chamanismo-visiones-fuera-del-tiempo-la-nueva-exposicion-del-museo-chileno-de-arte-precolombino/.", "opening_date": "2022-12-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Los Angeles, Ca: Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art; March 15 - April 15, 1940. \"Pre-Columbian Art.\" exh. cat. no. 28.", "opening_date": "1940-03-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art; January, 1944.  \"The Ancient Art of the North American Continent\".", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; November 9, 1945- January 6, 1946. \"Art of the Americas.\" repr. in catalogue, black and white, p. 43.", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, OH: The Taft Museum; October 6- November 19, 1950. \"Ancient American Gold&#9;and Jade.\" exh. cat. no. 73.", "opening_date": "1950-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art; January 26- March 26, 1954. \"Ancient Arts of the Andes.\" exh. cat. fig. 156, repr. in black and white, p. 136.", "opening_date": "1954-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Winnipeg, Canada: Winnipeg Art Gallery Association, Civic Auditorium; April 21- May 19, 1957. \"Art of the Americas Before Columbus.\" exh. cat. no. 20, repr in black and white, p. 13.", "opening_date": "1957-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Munich, Germany: Haus der Kunst; October 17-December 12, 1958. Zurich, Switzerland: Kunsthaus; January 1-February 28, 1959. Paris, France: Galerie Charpentier; March 15-May 15, 1959. The Netherlands: The Hague; June 1-July 31, 1959. Circulating exhibition\" Pre- Columbian Art from Mexico and Central America.\"", "opening_date": "1958-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dallas, TX: Neiman-Marcus Co.; October 19-31, 1959. \"South American Fortnight.\" exh. cat. no. 23.", "opening_date": "1931-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23- April 3, 1966.\"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montpellier, France: Musee Fabre; July 16- September 29, 2002. Rouen, France: Musee des Beaux- Arts; October 24, 2002- January 13, 2003. Lyon, France: Musee des Beaux-Arts; February 19- April 28, 2003. Rennes, France: Musee des Beaux-Arts; May 27- August 18, 2003. Minneapolis, MN: Minneapolis Institute of Arts; October 26, 2003- January 11, 2004. FRAME exhibition -- \"Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art.\"", "opening_date": "2002-07-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Raymond Henry Norweb [1894-1983] and Emery May Holden Norweb [1895-1984], Cleveland, OH, 1939, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1939", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the Panama-Costa Rica region, gold ornaments were associated with political and religious authority.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779197"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1939.509-pendant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Colombian Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>27, no. 1 (January 1940): 3-4.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138060"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 382", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n71"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 295", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n319"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 295", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n319"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 399", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n419"}, {"citation": "Manuel Torres, Constantino. <em>Shamanism: Visions Outside of Time. </em>Santiago: Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 50, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Torres, Constantino Manuel. <em>Shamanism: Visions Outside of Time.</em> Santiago: Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, 2023", "page_number": "fig 8, p. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan E. \"'The Art of Those Who Lived Here Before the White Man Came': Collecting the Ancient Americas at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>Collecting the \u201cOther Americas\u201d: Ancient Americas Collections in American Art Museums, </em>edited by Victoria I. Lyall, and Ellen Hoobler, 67- 82. Denver, Colorado: Mayer Center for Ancient and Latin American Art at the Denver Art Museum, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 71, fig. 8", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1939.509", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.509/1939.509_web.jpg", "width": "924", "height": "893", "filesize": "438203", "filename": "1939.509_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.509/1939.509_print.jpg", "width": "2745", "height": "2654", "filesize": "1606351", "filename": "1939.509_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.509/1939.509_full.tif", "width": "2745", "height": "2654", "filesize": "21903152", "filename": "1939.509_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.509/1939.509_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "791", "height": "893", "filesize": "344699"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.509/1939.509_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3010", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5905967"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.509/1939.509_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2494", "height": "2817", "filesize": "21122144"}, "date_created": "2011-11-08T14:25:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.509/1939.509_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "425430"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.509/1939.509_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1906", "filesize": "2077638"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.509/1939.509_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1906", "filesize": "8786084"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jon A. Lindseth and Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Galleries of the Ancient Americas", "athena_id": 118475, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1939-10-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u2013700", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bird-Man Pendant", "Anthropomorphic Seated Figure"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:07:50.269000"}, {"id": 143898, "accession_number": "1968.284", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ancestral Altar Tusk, c. 1820. Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igbesanmwan (wood and ivory carvers) guild. Elephant ivory; overall: 197.4 cm (77 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katherine C. White, 1968.284", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Ancestral Altar Tusk", "creation_date": "c. 1820", "creation_date_earliest": 1815, "creation_date_latest": 1825, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igbesanmwan (wood and ivory carvers) guild"], "technique": "Elephant ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 197.4 cm (77 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.974, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>African Tribal Images: The Katherine White Reswick Collection</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10 \u2013 September 1, 1968)", "opening_date": "1968-09-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned by \u1eccba \u1eccs\u1eb9mw\u1eb9d\u1eb9 [r. 1815\u201350] from the Igbesanmwan", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->\u2022 Blackmun, Barbara Winston. 1994. \"History and Statecraft on a Tusk from Old Benin\". The Bulletin&nbsp;<br>of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 81 (4): 87-115. (p. 92-3)&nbsp;<br><br></div>"], "date": "1820s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "\u1eccba \u1eccs\u1eb9mw\u1eb9d\u1eb9 [r. 1815\u201350], Royal Palace, Benin City, by descent to Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n (Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n Nogbaisi [c. 1857\u20131914, r. 1888\u201397]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1850", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Brought to England (or Europe) following the Siege of Benin", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->\u2022 Blackmun, Barbara Winston. 1994. \"History and Statecraft on a Tusk from Old Benin\". The Bulletin&nbsp;<br>of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 81 (4): 87-115. (p. 92)</div>"], "date": "1897", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Katherine (Merkel) White Reswick [1929-1980], Gates Mills, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Letter dated January 28, 1961 from KWR (then Katherine Merkel) to John Wise referencing and&nbsp;<br>describing the tusk/relating it to a pairing with a CMA work; Dallas Museum of Art John Wise&nbsp;<br>Archives (photocopy in Curatorial File)&nbsp;<br>\u2022 Photographs c. 1950s-mid-1960s from KWM in curatorial file<br>**Katherine W. Merkel, Katherine C. White, and Katherine White Reswick (1929-1980) are the&nbsp;<br>same woman</div>"], "date": "by at least 1961\u20131968", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Acquired at accession meeting January 22, 1969 (see registrar files)&nbsp;<br>\u2022 Exhibited/published 1968 African Tribal Images: The Katherine White Reswick Collection, cat. No.&nbsp;<br>144, reproduced&nbsp;<br>\u2022 Published in \u201cYear in Review 1968\u201d CMA Bulletin LVI (Jan. 1969), Reproduced: p. 43, mentioned p. 46, no. 56.</div>"], "date": "1968\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1033.68"], "did_you_know": "Originally, this carved tusk was placed on an ancestral altar as part of an ensemble of objects made to memorialize a deceased \u1eccba (ruler).", "description": "\u1eccba \u1eccs\u1eb9mw\u1eb9d\u1eb9 commissioned the carving of this tusk to connect with his ancestors and symbolize his strength. It is covered with royal figures wearing elaborate regalia and scenes of power, ritual, and violence. While Benin royal symbols may look similar across centuries, their meanings can shift. \u1eccs\u1eb9mw\u1eb9d\u1eb9\u2019s reign was prosperous due to trade with the Dutch; however, 16th-century Portuguese men are carved on the lower tusk. By the 1800s they represented <em>any</em> European traders. This tusk\u2019s surface likely became worn and cracked from frequent washing, bleaching, and the applying of a white clay (<em>orhue</em>) linked to peace, purity, and prosperity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747069"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.284-ancestral-altar-tusk"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fricke, Berthold, ed. The Cleveland Museum of Art. Ahrbeck/Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth Verlag GmbH, 1975, p. 102.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Drewal, Henry John. African Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989, fig.6.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Judith Perani and Fred T. Smith, The Visual Arts of Africa: Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals, (Prentice Hall, NJ, 1998), fig. 6.7, pp. 175-176.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fagg, William. <em>African Tribal Images; the Katherine White Reswick Collection</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968, no. 144.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  cat. No. 144", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1968.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 1 (1969): 3-50.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43; mentioned: p. 46, no. 56", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152250"}, {"citation": "Blackmun, Barbara Winston. 1994. \"History and Statecraft on a Tusk from Old Benin\". <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>81 (4): 87-115.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 88, fig. 2", "url": "https://www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/25161449"}, {"citation": "Young-Sanchez, Margaret, \"A Royal Plaque\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 07, September 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-07/page/8"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 26, p. 82 - 83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \u201cArt from the Benin Kingdom.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 34-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 34-35; Mentioned: P. 34.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Digital Benin, </em>Markk Museum Am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Kunste der Welt<em>, (</em>Last Updated: 2021-02-13)", "page_number": "ID 143898", "url": "https://digitalbenin.org/catalogue/8_143898"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.284", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.284/1968.284_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "874", "filesize": "163951", "filename": "1968.284_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.284/1968.284_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3303", "filesize": "882745", "filename": "1968.284_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.284/1968.284_full.tif", "width": "8185", "height": "7951", "filesize": "195260108", "filename": "1968.284_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.284/1968.284_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "977", "height": "893", "filesize": "148687"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.284/1968.284_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3108", "filesize": "3642942"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.284/1968.284_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8719", "height": "7969", "filesize": "208476584"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T13:01:40", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Katherine C. White", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143898, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1815, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1820", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Carved Tusk", "Altar Tusk"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:23:28.430000"}, {"id": 169187, "accession_number": "2011.110", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Indian Combat, 1868. Edmonia Lewis (American, c. 1844\u20131907). Marble; overall: 76.2 x 48.3 x 36.5 cm (30 x 19 x 14 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, American Painting and Sculpture Sundry Purchase Fund and Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2011.110", "current_location": null, "title": "Indian Combat", "creation_date": "1868", "creation_date_earliest": 1868, "creation_date_latest": 1868, "artists_tags": ["female", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 76.2 x 48.3 x 36.5 cm (30 x 19 x 14 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.762, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.483, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.365, "depth_inch": 14, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "The base of the sculpture is inscribed: \"EDMONIA LEWIS / FECIT A ROME 1868\"\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 685928, "title": "Edmonia Lewis: Said in Stone", "description": "<i>Edmonia Lewis: Said in Stone</i>. Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA (organizer) (February 14-June 7, 2026) https://www.pem.org/exhibitions/edmonia-lewis-said-in-stone; Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, GA (August 8, 2026-January 3, 2027); North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (April 3-July 11, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Unidentified antique/estate consignment shop, Newton, MA]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "William (1916-2006) and Betty (1926-2010) Bresnick, Weston, MA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950s-2010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "[Gabriel's Auctioneers and Appraisers, Norwood, MA]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "[Gerald Peters Gallery, New York]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010-2011", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Growing up in her Indigenous community, Lewis went by a name that translates as \"Wildfire.\"", "description": "A spiraling composition with three intertwined figures, <em>Indian Combat </em>ranks as Edmonia Lewis\u2019s most dynamic and complex creation. Although her Native American subjects typically exist in multiple versions, this example appears to be unique. Of Indigenous (Mississauga) and African American ancestry, Edmonia Lewis studied at Oberlin College and apprenticed with a sculptor in Boston before moving to Rome in 1866. Her sculptures were readily purchased by patrons on both sides of the Atlantic.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780965"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.110-indian-combat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ausherman, Maria, <em>Masters of Shape: The Lives and Art of American Women Sculptors. </em>(Novato, CA: Goff Books, 2022).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 71.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilder, Jesse Bryant, <em>Art History for Dummies.</em> 2nd edition. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2022).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 272.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Teach to Learn,\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 59 (May/June 2019).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 5.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Richmond-Moll, Jeffrey, Shawnya L. Harris, et al. <em>Edmonia Lewis : Said in Stone</em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 31-32, 103, 115, and 216.  Reproduced, p. 156.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Richmond-Moll, Jeffrey, \"Edmonia Lewis: Said in Stone,\" <em>American Art Review</em> (February-April 2026).", "page_number": "Reproduced, p. 76.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Huidekoper, Alfred. <em>Glimpses of Europe in 1851 and 1867-8</em>. Meadeville, Pa.: Printed for the Author, 1882.<br>Published as: <em>Indians Wrestling</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 184", "url": "https://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30719924.html"}, {"citation": "Gerdts, William H. \"Celebrities of the Grand Tour: The American Sculptors in Florence and Rome.\" In <em>Lure of Italy: American Artists and the Italian Experience, 1760-1914. </em>Theodore E. Stebbins, ed., 66-93. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 89, as Indians Wrestling.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Museum Acquires Rare Sculpture.\" <em>The Plain Dealer </em>(November 11, 2011): B2.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. B2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Indian Combat.\" In <em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art London; United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 260-261", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Museums.\" <em>The Art Newspaper </em>21 (January 2012): 13-25.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P.25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mann, C. Griffith, and Amy Bracken Sparks. \"Acquisitions 2011.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 2 (March/April 2012): 10-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-02/page/n13/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. \"Recent Acquisitions (2005\u201411) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 154, no. 1312 (July 2012): 525-32.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 530", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/23232806"}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark and Helen Forbes-Fields. <em>African American Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "reproduced: p.2; Mentioned: p.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Education. Teach to Learn.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>59, no. 3 (May/June 2019): 5-11.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-03/page/n1/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Woods, Naurice Frank. <em>Race and Racism in Nineteenth-Century Art: The Ascendency of Robert Duncanson, Edward Bannister, and Edmonia Lewis</em>. Jackson : University Press of Mississippi, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 163-164, fig. 3.5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ware, Zaria. Blk Art: The Audacious Legacy of Black Artists and Models in Western Art. New York, NY : Harper Design, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Meet Your Membership Team.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>65, no. 1 (2025): 36-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2025-01"}, {"citation": "Richmond-Moll, Jeffrey, Shawnya L. Harris, Amy Jones Abbe, Caitlin Meehye Beach, Gloria Jane Bell, Makeda Best, et al. <em>Edmonia Lewis : Said in Stone. </em>Salem, Massachusetts, Athens, Georgia, Chicago: Peabody Essex Museum ; Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia ; in association with The University of Chicago Press, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 31-32, 103, 115, and 216.  Reproduced, p. 156.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Richmond-Moll, Jeffrey. \u201cEdmonia Lewis: Said in Stone.\u201d <em>American Art Review</em> 212 (February-April 2026): 76-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 76", "url": ""}, {"citation": "O'Hern, John. \u201cWhere There Is A Will.\u201d <em>American Fine Art Magazine</em>, n. 86 (March/April 2026): 38-43.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.110", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_web.jpg", "width": "740", "height": "893", "filesize": "247827", "filename": "2011.110_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_print.jpg", "width": "2817", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5543744", "filename": "2011.110_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_full.tif", "width": "4193", "height": "5059", "filesize": "63688336", "filename": "2011.110_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "239493"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2623", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5237878"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3814", "height": "4942", "filesize": "56602428"}, "date_created": "2011-09-09T12:57:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "893", "filesize": "235308"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2571", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5040763"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3830", "height": "5064", "filesize": "58243912"}, "date_created": "2011-09-09T13:40:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "281750"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2912", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5972022"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4024", "height": "4698", "filesize": "56765440"}, "date_created": "2011-09-09T14:19:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "893", "filesize": "239003"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2723", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5395016"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4015", "height": "5012", "filesize": "60418388"}, "date_created": "2011-09-09T15:00:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "247580"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2830", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5579601"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4166", "height": "5004", "filesize": "62598328"}, "date_created": "2011-09-09T15:22:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "249191"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2738", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5510805"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.110/2011.110_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4058", "height": "5038", "filesize": "61391408"}, "date_created": "2011-09-08T17:27:26", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "American Painting and Sculpture Sundry Purchase Fund and Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "7723feae34eb441fa9f74dd330b7b7d5", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/7723feae34eb441fa9f74dd330b7b7d5", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 169187, "creators": [{"id": 61503, "description": "Edmonia Lewis (American, c. 1844\u20131907)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1844", "death_year": "1907", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-09-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1868, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1868", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:57.479000"}, {"id": 147588, "accession_number": "1973.85", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seated Buddha (\u5982\u6765\u5750\u50cf), 1100s. Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185). Gilded wood; overall: 145.4 cm (57 1/4 in.); figure: 88.2 cm (34 3/4 in.); pedestal: 57.2 cm (22 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Takako Setsu and her husband, Iwao, in memory of her father-in-law, Inosuke Setsu, and his long friendship with Sherman E. Lee, 1973.85", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Seated Buddha", "title_in_original_language": "\u5982\u6765\u5750\u50cf", "creation_date": "1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1199, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185)"], "technique": "gilded wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 145.4 cm (57 1/4 in.); Figure: 88.2 cm (34 3/4 in.); Pedestal: 57.2 cm (22 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.454, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "figure": {"height": 0.882, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "pedestal": {"height": 0.572, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 295705, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 15, 2017-January 2, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Kobijutsu tenkan tokubetsu sokubaikai: Orinpikku kinen </em>[\u53e4\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89b3\u7279\u5225\u5373\u58f2\u4f1a : \u30aa\u30ea\u30f3\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u8a18\u5ff5 = Antique dealers' fair &amp; exhibition in Tokyo: on the occasion of the Olympic Games]. To\u0304kyo\u0304 Bijutsu Kurabu, To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan (October 8-12, 1964).", "opening_date": "2012-10-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Setsu Takako \u702c\u6d25 \u5b5d\u5b50, Tokyo, Japan, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131973", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1973\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A 1906 photo taken at K\u014dfukuji shows this sculpture without a halo or left hand.", "description": "Composed of a number of hollowed-out pieces of wood that were then covered with lacquer and gilding, this sculpture served as an image of worship in one of the small temples surrounding K\u014dfukuji, a major Buddhist temple in Nara, Japan. Like many Buddhas, this figure has its right hand positioned in a gesture meaning \"fear not.\" The left hand is a replacement, so its original gesture, a clue to this Buddha's identity, is unknown. However, as the left foot is exposed over the garment, in lotus position, it may have been created as a Medicine Master Buddha, Yakushi Nyorai in Japanese, or the Buddha of our era, Shakyamuni.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740344"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.85-seated-buddha", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.85-seated-buddha-with-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "To\u0304kyo\u0304 Bijutsusho\u0304 Kyo\u0304do\u0304 Kumiai \u6771\u4eac\u7f8e\u8853\u5546\u5354\u540c\u7d44\u5408. <em>Kobijutsu tenkan tokubetsu sokubaikai: Orinpikku kinen </em>[\u53e4\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89b3\u7279\u5225\u5373\u58f2\u4f1a : \u30aa\u30ea\u30f3\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u8a18\u5ff5 = Antique dealers' fair &amp; exhibition in Tokyo: on the occasion of the Olympic Games]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Bijutsusho\u0304 Kyo\u0304do\u0304 Kumiai, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 18, no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1973.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 61, no. 2, 1974, pp. 31\u201378.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 196, p. 79; Reproduced: no. 196, p. 69", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Yamane, Yu\u0304zo\u0304 \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09, Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce, and Terukazu Akiyama \u79cb\u5c71\u5149\u548c. <em>Zaigai Nihon no shiho\u0304</em> [\u5728\u5916\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u81f3\u5b9d = Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections, vol. 8 ]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 8, p. 118, pl. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shimizu Zenz\u014d, \"Japanese Sculptures in America and Canada,\" <em>Bukkyo\u0304 geijutsu </em>[\u4f5b\u6559\u85dd\u8853= Ars Buddhica] , no. 126 (September 1979), part I, pp. 67\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yamaguchi Ry\u016bsuke \u5c71\u53e3\u9686\u4ecb and Miyazaki Motoko \u5bae\u5d0e\u5e79\u5b50, \u300c\u660e\u6cbb\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u8208\u798f\u5bfa\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4ecf\u50cf\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u5730\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u30fc\u8208\u798f\u5bfa\u6240\u8535\u306e\u53e4\u5199\u771f\u3092\u3082\u3061\u3044\u305f\u53f2\u6599\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300d (The Transfer of Buddhist Sculptures from K\u014dfukuji in the Meiji Era and Their Locations Today: Source-study Research Conducted Using Old Photographs at K\u014dfukuji), <em>Museum</em>, no. 676 (October 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Pot metal, white glass with silver stain; overall: 156 x 43.5 x 1.5 cm (61 7/16 x 17 1/8 x 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1919.1.1", "current_location": "110B Late Gothic", "title": "Stained Glass Panel with Male Donor", "creation_date": "c. 1480", "creation_date_earliest": 1475, "creation_date_latest": 1485, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 15th century"], "technique": "pot metal, white glass with silver stain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Overall: 156 x 43.5 x 1.5 cm (61 7/16 x 17 1/8 x 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.56, "height_inch": 61, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.435, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.015, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry Daguerre, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1919", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1919.7", "1919.1"], "did_you_know": "The brilliant colors of this stained glass panel were produced by adding different materials to molten glass, creating a reaction that resulted in specific colors. 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Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 99417, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1480", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1919.1", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:22:10.799000"}, {"id": 113164, "accession_number": "1932.179", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Bridal Couple, c. 1470. Southern Germany, 15th century. Oil on panel; framed: 77.5 x 51 x 8.1 cm (30 1/2 x 20 1/16 x 3 3/16 in.); unframed: 62.3 x 36.5 cm (24 1/2 x 14 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1932.179", "current_location": null, "title": "A Bridal Couple", "creation_date": "c. 1470", "creation_date_earliest": 1465, "creation_date_latest": 1475, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern Germany, 15th century"], "technique": "oil on panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 77.5 x 51 x 8.1 cm (30 1/2 x 20 1/16 x 3 3/16 in.); Unframed: 62.3 x 36.5 cm (24 1/2 x 14 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.775, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.51, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.081, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.623, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.365, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312374, "title": "Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-March 7, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213494, "title": "Jahreszeiten der Gef\u00fchle - Das Gothaer Liebespaar und die Kunst der Hohen Minne im Sp\u00e4tmittelalter", "description": "<i>Jahreszeiten der Gef\u00fchle - Das Gothaer Liebespaar und die Kunst der Hohen Minne im Sp\u00e4tmittelalter</i>. Schlossmuseum, Gotha (organizer) (May 2-June 28, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-05-02T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184466, "title": "Object in Focus:  A Bridal Couple", "description": "<i>Object in Focus:  A Bridal Couple</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 12-May 12, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-03-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 681998, "title": "Spectrum of Desire: Love Sex and Gender in the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Spectrum of Desire: Love Sex and Gender in the Middle Ages</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 16, 2025-March 29, 2026) https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/spectrum-of-desire-love-sex-and-gender-in-the-middle-ages.", "opening_date": "2025-10-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>European Art 1450-1500</em>, Brooklyn Museum, New York, NY, (May 8- June 8,1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "L. Schutzenberger, Strasbourg, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1825-1903", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Andr\u00e9 Weil, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1903-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., NY, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1932", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1932-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting inspired internationally renowned Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho to write a piece of music titled \"Orion\" after she visited the museum.", "description": "This painting depicting a recently married aristocratic couple is filled with symbolism. The various floral elements represent love and fertility, while the colors of their clothes suggest not only their relationship but also chastity, love, and modesty. What details might you choose to symbolize a young couple in love?", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27214233"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1932.179-a-bridal-couple"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Burger, Fritz, Hermann Schmitz, and Ignaz Beth.<em> Die deutsche Malerei vom ausgehenden Mittelalter bis zum Fnde der Renaissance. </em>Berlin-Neubabelsberg: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Athenaion m.b.h, 1913.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Art Digest</em> (November. 1, 1932).", "page_number": "p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Two New Paintings\u2014Cleveland.\" <em>The American Magazine of Art</em> 25, no. 6 (1932).", "page_number": "p. 357", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/23954776"}, {"citation": "<em>Illustrated London News</em> (Nov. 5, 1932).", "page_number": "p. 708", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Art News</em> (October 22, 1932).", "page_number": "p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "H. S. 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Vol. 158, no. 499 (Sept. 2003).", "page_number": "fig. 10, p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Society for the Study of Myth and Tradition, and Southwest Museum (Los Angeles, Calif.).<em> Parabola, Myth, Tradition, and the Search for Meaning: Marriage,</em> Spring 2004. Denville, N.J.: Society for the Study of Myth and Tradition, 2004.", "page_number": "Vol. 19, No. 1, p. 63, 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 240, cat. no. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 260-261, no. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mcdougal. Mcdougal Littell <em>Literature Grade 9</em>: Mcdougal Littell Literature Arizona. [Place of publication not identified]: Holt Mcdougal, 2008.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e de l'\u0152uvre Notre-Dame (Strasbourg, France), Ce\u0301cile Dupeux, Barbara Gatineau, and Camille Broucke. <em>Muse\u0301e de l'\u0152uvre Notre-Dame: arts du Moyen A\u0302ge et de la Renaissance.</em> 2013.", "page_number": "p. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brilliant, Virginia. \"Art and Love in the Middle Ages.\" In <em>A Feast for the Senses: Art and Experience in Medieval Europe</em>. Baltimore: The Walters Art Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117-131; Reproduced; p. 126, fig. 8.10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Poeschel, Sabine.<em> Die Kunst der Liebe: Meisterwerke aus 2000 Jahren.</em> Darmstadt: WBG, (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 54; Reproduced: p. 55, abb. 36.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200-203; Reproduced: p. 201", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>CMA Collection Highlight: A Bridal Couple and the Enduring Legend of the Forget-Me-Not. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art CMA Thinker Blog. (2018)", "page_number": null, "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/cma-collection-highlight-a-bridal-couple-and-the-enduring-legend-of-the-forget-me-not-cd0d89cb7539"}, {"citation": "Bu\u0308chsel, Martin, Hilja Droste and Berit Wagner. <em>Kunsttransfer und Formgenese in der Kunst am Mittelrhein: 1400-1500. </em>Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag,2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178, taf. 17; p. 242, Abb. 4; Mentioned: p. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Les Amants Trepasses, </em>Mus\u00e9es de la Ville de Strasbourg (2019).", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.musees.strasbourg.eu/oeuvre-musee-oeuvre-notre-dame/-/entity/id/672888"}, {"citation": "Nogueira, Alison Manges. \"Uncovering Renaissance Portraits.\" In <em>Hidden Faces: Covered Portraits of the Renaissance</em>. Edited by Alison Manges Nogueira. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 23, fig. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Miller, Scott D. \"Love in Mortal Time.\" In <em>Spectrum of Desire: Love, Sex, and Gender in the Middle Ages, </em>edited by Melanie Holcomb and Nancy Thebaut<em>, </em>118-120. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 118-120, pl. 48, fig. 36", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1932.179", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_web.jpg", "width": "526", "height": "893", "filesize": "405007", "filename": "1932.179_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_print.jpg", "width": "2003", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6013630", "filename": "1932.179_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_full.tif", "width": "3678", "height": "6241", "filesize": "68891668", "filename": "1932.179_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "560", "height": "893", "filesize": "347164"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2131", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5605374"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4092", "height": "6526", "filesize": "80140212"}, "date_created": "2011-10-19T19:03:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "596", "height": "893", "filesize": "453300"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2269", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6643875"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4280", "height": "6411", "filesize": "82351764"}, "date_created": "2011-10-19T19:23:32", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "558", "height": "893", "filesize": "407663"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2123", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5096582"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.179/1932.179_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3498", "height": "5601", "filesize": "58808616"}, "date_created": "2006-10-16T15:10:49", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 113164, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1932-05-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1465, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1470", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Bridal Pair", "A Young Couple", "The Two Lovers"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:57:40.065000"}, {"id": 108743, "accession_number": "1926.428", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pendant with the Virgin and Child, c. 1160\u20131170. Circle of Godefroid de Huy (Netherlandish). Gilded copper, champlev\u00e9 enamel; the reverse decorated in vernis brun; overall: 19.8 x 17 x 3.2 cm (7 13/16 x 6 11/16 x 1 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1926.428", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Pendant with the Virgin and Child", "creation_date": "c. 1160\u20131170", "creation_date_earliest": 1160, "creation_date_latest": 1170, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Mosan, Meuse Valley, Romanesque period, 12th century"], "technique": "gilded copper, champlev\u00e9 enamel; the reverse decorated in vernis brun", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Romanesque", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Overall: 19.8 x 17 x 3.2 cm (7 13/16 x 6 11/16 x 1 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.198, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.17, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.032, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "S[AN]C[T]A MARIA MATER D[OMI]NI", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Around the Virgin Mary in the central panel.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "HVMILITAS; VIRGINITAS; MISERICORDIA; PIETAS", "inscription_translation": "Virtues: Humility, Chastity, Mercy, Piety", "inscription_remark": "With each angel from top to bottom and right to left, starting with the right shoulder of the Virgin.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355520, "title": "The Madonna in Art", "description": "<i>The Madonna in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 9, 1947-February 9, 1948).", "opening_date": "1947-12-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518492, "title": "Masterpieces of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Art</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (November 13-23, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196195, "title": "Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe", "description": "<i>Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 2010-January 17, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition d'Objects d'Art du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance</em>, Palais de Sagan, Paris, France (May-June, 1913).", "opening_date": "1913-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Arts of the Middle Ages</em>, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (February 17-March 24, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Enamel, an Historic Survey to the Present Day</em>, Cooper Union Museum, New York, NY (April 15-June 11, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-04-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art</em>, Smith College Museum of Art, Northhampton, MA, (November 13-23, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-11-13T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Survival of the Gods: Classical Mythology in Medieval Art</em>, David Winton Bell Gallery, Brown University, Providence, RI (February 28 - March 29, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Comtesse de Robiano, Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Charles Ducatel, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1890", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Albin Chalandon, Lyon, France, by inheritance to his son, Georges Chalandon", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1890-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Georges Chalandon, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Arnold Seligmann, Rey, & Co., New York, NY sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1926", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The outer lobes contain cabochons, gemstones that have been shaped and polished resulting in a rounded top and flat bottom, of garnet, glass, and quartz.", "description": "This pendant was made in the Rhine-Meuse region\u2014now in modern Belgium\u2014renowned for the production of fine metalwork objects, especially enamels. An enamel plaque depicting the enthroned Virgin and Christ child dominates the pendant. Four peripheral enamels depict angelic figures representing virtues: Humility, Virginity, Piety, and Mercy, each identified by an inscription. The pendant may have been made to serve as a reliquary to house a consecrated host. The refined craftsmanship and costly materials fittingly honor these sacred remains.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755694"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.428-pendant-with-the-vir"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Roddaz, Camille de. <em>Les merveilles de l'art ancien en Belgique; ou, L'Art ancien a\u0300 l'exposition nationale de 1880.</em> Bruxelles: Rozez, 1890.", "page_number": "p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Objets d'art et de haute curiosit\u02b9e</em>. 1890.", "page_number": "p. 7, no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Migeon, G. \"La collection de M.G. Chalandon,\" <em>Les Arts</em> (June, 1905).", "page_number": "pp. 20 & 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ricci, Seymour de. <em>Exposition d'objects d'art du moyen age et de la Renaissance; tires des collections particulieres de la France et de l'etranger organisee par la Marquise de Ganay a l'ancien Hotel De Sagen (Mai-Juin 1913).</em> Paris: Emile Levy, 1913.", "page_number": "pl. XLVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Early Enamels in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Connoisseur</em> (October 1926).", "page_number": "pp. 67-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"A Reliquary of Champlev\u00e9 Enamel from the Valley of the Meuse the J. H. Wade Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 14, no. 4 (1927).", "page_number": "pp. 51-4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137017"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n19"}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. <em>Arts of the Middle Ages</em>; A Loan Exhibition, February 17 to March 24, 1940. Boston, Mass: Museum of Fine Arts, 1940.", "page_number": "no. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91; Reproduced: p. 97", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Bates, Kenneth F., and Laurence Schmeckebier. <em>Enameling: Principles and Practice.</em> Cleveland: World Pub. Co, 1951.", "page_number": "p. 86, fig. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Four Champlev\u00e9 Enamel Panels.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>38, no. 4 (April 1951): 72-74.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 72", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141704"}, {"citation": "J. de Borchgrave d'Altena, \"\u00c9maux Mosans du XIIe Si\u00e8cle,\" <em>Reflects du Monde</em> 3 (1952).", "page_number": "p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration, and Everett Parker Lesley. <em>Enamel, An Historic Survey to the Present Day.</em> 1954.", "page_number": "no. 27, fig. 3.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 108", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n33"}, {"citation": "Lowry, Bates.<em> The Visual Experience: An Introduction to Art. </em>Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 180", "url": null}, {"citation": "Verdier, Philippe \"Un monument in\u00e9dit de l'art mosan de XIIe si\u00e8cle,\" <em>Revue Belge</em> XXX (1961).", "page_number": "p. 127, 131, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bober, Harry \"Medieval Art at Cleveland\" <em>Apollo</em> LXXVII no. 22 (1963).", "page_number": "pp. 448, 454", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n73"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n71"}, {"citation": "Gauthier, Marie-Madeleine. <em>E\u0301maux du moyen a\u0302ge occidental. </em>[Paris]: Office du livre, 1973.", "page_number": "pp. 138-9, 352, no. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunsthalle Ko\u0308ln, Schnu\u0308tgen-Museum, Belgium, and Muse\u0301es royaux d'art et d'histoire (Belgium).<em> Rhein Und Maas</em>, Kunst Und Kultur, 800-1400. Eine Ausstellung Des Schnu\u0308tgen-Museums Der Stadt Ko\u0308ln Und Der Belgischen Ministerien Fu\u0308r Franzo\u0308sische Und Niederla\u0308ndische Kultur, Vom 14. Mai Bis 23. Juli 1972 in Der Kunsthalle Ko\u0308ln, Vom 15. September Bis 31. Oktober 1972 in Den Ko\u0308niglichen Museen U\u0308r Kunst Und Geschichte in Bru\u0308ssel. Ko\u0308ln: [Schnu\u0308tgen-Museum], 1972.", "page_number": "pp. 211, 213, figs. 26-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Verdier, Philippe \"Emaux Mosans et Rheno-mosans dans les collections des Etats-Unis,\" <em>Revue Belge</em> XLIV (1975).", "page_number": "pp. 66-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n73"}, {"citation": "<em>Cahiers de Civilization Medievale</em> XXI\u00b0 Ann\u00e9e no. 2 (April-June 1978).", "page_number": "fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Verdier, Philippe \"The Twelfth-Century Chasse of St. Ode from Amay,\" <em>Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch</em>, (1981).", "page_number": "p. 26, fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kaelble, Brigitte. <em>Untersuchungen zur grossfigurigen Plastik des Samsonmeisters.</em> Du\u0308sseldorf: Schwann, 1981.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"The Sacral Treasure of the Guelphs.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 1 (1985).", "page_number": "pp. 62-3, fig. 69", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159893"}, {"citation": "Kroos, Renate. <em>Der Schrein des Heiligen Servatius in Maastricht und die vier zugeho\u0308rigen Reliquiare in Bru\u0308ssel. </em>Mu\u0308nchen: Kommissionsverleger Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1985.", "page_number": "pp. 117, 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown University, and David Winton Bell Gallery (Brown University). <em>Survival of the Gods: Classical Mythology in Medieval Art</em> : an Exhibition by the Department of Art, Brown University, Bell Gallery, List Art Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, February 28-March 29, 1987. Providence, R.I.: The Department, 1987.", "page_number": "no. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tekippe, Rita, and Christine Verzar. <em>Procession, Piety, and Politics: Three Medieval Rheno-Mosan Reliquary Shrines and the Cult Communities for Bishop-Saints Servatius of Maastricht, Eleutherius of Tournai, and Remaclus of Stavelot</em>. Dissertation Abstracts International. 60-05. 1999. .", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 132-3, no. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 136-7, cat. no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Resplendent Faith: Liturgical Treasuries of the Middle Ages.</em> Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 70, fig. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Philippe. <em>L'Oeuvre de la Meuse: Orfe\u0300vrerie mosane XIIe et XIIIe sie\u0300cle.</em> [Namur : Institut du Patrimoine Wallonie: Tr\u00e9sor de Li\u00e8ge : Arch\u00e9oforum, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 114-118, p;.15", "url": "http://www.europaethesauri.eu/files/CatalogueOeuvreMeuse.pdf"}, {"citation": "Chaganti, S. <em>Medieval Poetics of the Reliquary: Enshrinement, Inscription, Performance.</em> [Place of publication not identified]: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Philippe, and Nigel Morgan. Orfe\u0300vrerie septentrionale, XIIe et XIIIe sie\u0300cle. Namur : Institut du Patrimoine Wallon, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": ""}, {"citation": "George, Philippe. <em>Art et Patrimoine en Wallonie des Origines a\u0300 1789: Essai de Synthe\u0300se a\u0300 la Lumie\u0300re des Collections Ame\u0301ricaines et Europe\u0301ennes. </em>Namur: Institut du Patrimoine Wallon, 2017. N6969 .W3 G46 2017", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. [130]", "url": null}, {"citation": "R\u00e1cz, Bern\u00e1t. <em>The Twelfth-Century Mosan Reliquary of P\u00e9termonostora.</em> Bicester: Archaeopress Archaeology, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 77-79, fig. 73; p. 85-88, fig. 80", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.428", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_web.jpg", "width": "867", "height": "900", "filesize": "210990", "filename": "1926.428_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_print.jpg", "width": "3276", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2254710", "filename": "1926.428_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_full.tif", "width": "5649", "height": "5862", "filesize": "99374216", "filename": "1926.428_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "766", "filesize": "244625"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2894", "filesize": "2384141"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6752", "height": "5747", "filesize": "116440844"}, "date_created": "2014-08-28T10:57:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "548", "filesize": "137239"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2069", "filesize": "1243279"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7327", "height": "4458", "filesize": "98019660"}, "date_created": "2014-08-28T11:41:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "551", "height": "900", "filesize": "81650"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2082", "height": "3400", "filesize": "695070"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4215", "height": "6884", "filesize": "87075140"}, "date_created": "2014-08-28T13:55:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "863", "height": "900", "filesize": "200476"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3262", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1960282"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5699", "height": "5940", "filesize": "101587056"}, "date_created": "2014-07-14T11:15:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "893", "filesize": "472700"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2899", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5227079"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3484", "height": "4086", "filesize": "42739496"}, "date_created": "2007-01-12T15:57:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "791", "height": "893", "filesize": "509899"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3012", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5625635"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.428/1926.428_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3638", "height": "4107", "filesize": "44857276"}, "date_created": "2007-01-12T16:14:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108743, "creators": [{"id": 9532, "description": "Godefroid de Huy (Netherlandish)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "circle of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-10-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1160, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1160\u20131170", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Disk Reliquary: Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Four Cardinal Virtues"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:01.020000"}, {"id": 118679, "accession_number": "1939.68", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lazarus and the Rich Man, c. 1550. Jacopo Bassano (Italian, c. 1510\u20131592). Oil on canvas; framed: 176 x 251 x 12 cm (69 5/16 x 98 13/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 146 x 221 cm (57 1/2 x 87 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1939.68", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Lazarus and the Rich Man", "creation_date": "c. 1550", "creation_date_earliest": 1545, "creation_date_latest": 1555, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 176 x 251 x 12 cm (69 5/16 x 98 13/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 146 x 221 cm (57 1/2 x 87 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.76, "height_inch": 69, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 2.51, "width_inch": 98, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.12, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.46, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 2.21, "width_inch": 87, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311953, "title": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts", "description": "<i>Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30-November 13, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 702417, "title": "Jacopo Bassano", "description": "<i>Jacopo Bassano</i>. Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Venice, Italy (organizer) (June 29-October 27, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-06-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 517521, "title": "The Italian Heritage; an exhibition of works of art lent from American collections for the benefit of the Committee to Rescue Italian Art (CRIA)", "description": "<i>The Italian Heritage; an exhibition of works of art lent from American collections for the benefit of the Committee to Rescue Italian Art (CRIA)</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (May 17-August 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-05-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441878, "title": "Jacopo Bassano: A Quadricentennial Retrospective", "description": "<i>Jacopo Bassano: A Quadricentennial Retrospective</i>. Museo Civico, Sassoferrato, Italy (September 5-December 6, 1992); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (January 23-April 25, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>American Art Dealers Association Exhibition</em>. Los Angeles, CA: (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Four Outstanding Venetian Canvases.</em> Gallery of Fine Arts, Columbus, OH: (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Fine Arts Gallery of San Diego, San Diego, CA: (August 1 to-August 31, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-08-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Venetian Paintings from the Fifteenth through the Eighteenth Century</em>. California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA: (June 24-July 24, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-06-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Purchased from Simonetti (Rome, Italy) by Dan Fellows Platt", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1905", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Owned by Dan Fellows Platt (1873-1928; Englewood, New Jersey), upon his death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1905-1939", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Estate of Dan Fellows Platt, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Rich Man (far right) and Lazarus (far left) are both physically and socially opposed; while Lazarus reclines on the floor, the Rich Man relaxes on his lavish table.", "description": "The Biblical parable of Lazarus and the Rich Man (Luke 16:19-21) tells of a man who feasted and celebrated every day, while a beggar named Lazarus sat starving nearby. Dogs came to lick the sores on the poor man's body. However, when the two men died, Lazarus was welcomed into heaven, while the rich man was consigned to hell.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514320"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1939.68-lazarus-and-the-rich"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Venturi, Adolfo. <em>Storia dell'Arte Italiana</em>. Milano: U. Hoepli, 1901.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. IX, pt. 4, P. 1147, 1252; Reproduced: P. 1149, fig. 812", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perkins, F. Mason \"Dipinti Italiani nella Raccolta Platt.\" <em>Rassegna d'Arte Antica e Moderna</em> (1911): 145-149.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 147, n. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Alice Van Vechten, and William Rankin. <em>A Short History of Italian Painting</em>. London, United Kingdom: J.M. Dent &amp; Sons, 1914.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 343", "url": null}, {"citation": "Panama-Pacific International Exposition Company, and Jessie Niles Burness. <em>Sculpture and Mural Paintings in the Beautiful Courts, Colonnades and Avenues of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco 1915</em>. San Francisco: Robert A. Reid, official view Book publisher, 1915.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 4009, vol. I; p. 456 vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perkins, F. Mason \"Miscellanea.\" <em>Rassegna d'Arte Antica e Moderna</em> (1915): 121-125.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 121-122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiocco, Giuseppe. \"Pietro de'Marescalchi detto lo Spada.\" <em>Belvedere </em>VIII (1929): 211-225.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Adolfo. \"Jacopo Bassano.\" <em>L'Arte </em>XXXII, no. 16 (1929): 107-125.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 117-121; Reproduced: Fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arslan, Edoardo. <em>I Bassano</em>. Bologna: Casa Apollo, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 343", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Lazarus and the Rich Man by Jacopo Bassano.\" <em>The </em>B<em>ulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXVI</em> no.10 (December, 1939): 155-158.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n64"}, {"citation": "Longhi, Roberto. \"Calepino Veneziano.\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>II (1948): 41-55.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Magagnato, Licisco. \"In Margine alla Mostra dei Bassano.\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>VI (1952): 220-229.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 226; reproduced: P. 225, fig. 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pigler, Andor. <em>Barockthemen, eine Auswahl von Verzeichnissen zur Ikonographie des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts</em>. Budapest, Hungary: Verlag der Ungarischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1956.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 369, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Magagnato, Licisco. \"Jacopo Bassano intorno al 1540.\" <em>Critica Critica d'Arte </em>No. 13-14 (1956): 103-106.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 106; Reproduced: Pl. 110, 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance; A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works with an Index of Places. Venetian School</em>. New York, NY: Phaidon Publishers; distributed by Garden City Books, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17. vol. !, p. 1197, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiocco, Giuseppe. \"Francesco Vecellio e Jacopo Bassano.\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>XI (1957): 91-96.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Podesta, Attilio. \"La Mostra di Jacopo Bassano.\" <em>Emporium </em>CXXVI, no. 7 (July 1957): 3-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muraro, Michelangelo. \"The Jacopo Bassano Exhibition.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 99, no. 654 (September 1957): 291-99.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 295-296; reproduced: fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/872092"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 421", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n77"}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. <em>Hendrick Terbrugghen</em>. London, United Kingdom: L. Humphries, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zampetti, Pietro. <em>Jacopo Bassano</em>. Roma, Italy: Istituto poligrafico dello Stato, Libreria dello Stato, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, pl. XLII-XLIV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Myers, Bernard S. <em>Encyclopedia of World Art. </em>New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, p. 403", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arslan, Edoardo. <em>I Bassano.</em> Milano: Ceschina, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. I, p. 65-66; 84; 90; 95, n.48; 96, n. 57; 97; 166; 317; Reproduced: Vol. II, pls. 94-98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Askew, Pamela. \"The Parable Paintings of Domenico Fetti.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 43, no. 1 (March 1961): 21-45.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 32", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3047929"}, {"citation": "Jaffe, Michael. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: The Figurative Arts of the West, c. 1400-1800.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 78 (December 1963): 457\u2013467.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 467", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ballarin, Alessandro. \"L'Orto del Bassano.\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>XVIII (1964): 55-72.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 66-67; reproduced: fig. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n122"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Committee to Rescue Italian Art, and Wildenstein and Company. <em>The Italian Heritage; An Exhibition of Works of Art Lent from American Collections for the Benefit of the Committee to Rescue Italian Art, May 17-August 29, 1967, Wildenstein</em>. New York, NY: Wildenstein Galleries.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tomory, P. A. \"Profane Love in Italian Early and High Baroque Painting, The Transmission of Emotive Experience.\" In<em> Essays Presented to Rudolf Wittkower on His Sixty-Fifth Birthday. In Two Parts.</em> Douglas Fraser, Howard Hibbard &amp; Milton J. Lewineeds.,182-187. [London]: Phaidon Press, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, P. 185; reproduced: XXV, pl. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n122"}, {"citation": "Ballarin, Alessandro. \"Introduzione ad un Catalogo dei Disegni di Jacopo Bassano.\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>XXIII (1969): 85-114.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 104, 106; reproduced: fig. 372", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ballarin, Alessandro. \"Un Ritratto Inedito del Bassano.\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>XXV (1971): 268-271.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 270-271; reproduced: fig. 372", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. <em>Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18, 279,573", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n134"}, {"citation": "Bialostocki, Jan. \"Le Vocabulaire Visuel de Jacopo Bassano et son Stilus Humilis.\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>XXXI (1978): 169-173.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 170-171; reproduced: fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larousse (Firm). <em>Larousse dictionary of painters</em>. London, United Kingdom: Hamlyn, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 304-306; Reproduced: p. 304", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kitaj, R. B., and Timothy Hyman. \"A Return to London\" IN <em>Kitaj Paintings, Drawings, Pastels.</em> John Ashebury, Joe Shannon, Jane Livingston, 41. New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art and Museo e gallerie nazionali di Capodimonte. <em>The Age of Caravaggio</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Beverly Louise, Paola Marini, and Livia Alberton Vinco Da Sesso. <em>Jacopo Bassano, c. 1510-1592</em>. Bologna, Italy: Nuova Alfa Editoriale, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62; Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bortolotli, Luca. \"Jacopo Bassano 1992.\" <em>Venezia Cinquecento </em>IV (1992): 163-194.", "page_number": "Reproduced:P. 175, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Hadjinicolaou, Nicos. <em>O Gkreko stin Italia kai i italiki techni</em>. Athina, Greece: Ioniki Trapeza, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100, pl. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ballarin, Alessandro. <em>Jacopo Bassano</em>. Cittadella Padova, Italy: Bertoncello, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aikema, Bernard. <em>Jacopo Bassano and His Public: Moralizing Pictures in an Age of Reform, Ca. 1535-1600</em>. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50, fig. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Patricia Fortini. <em>The Renaissance in Venice: A World Apart</em>. London, United Kingdom: Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108, no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gutbrod, Helga. \"'Samson and Delila': Rembrandts Grisaille im Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.\" In <em>Festschrift fu\u0308r Christian Lenz: von Duccio bis Beckmann ; anla\u0308sslich seines 60. Geburtstages am 11. Mai 1998. </em>Billeter, Felix, Helga Gutbrod, Christian Lenz, and Andrea Pophanken, 29-43. Frankfurt a.M.: Verlag Blick in die Welt, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 31, no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cal\u0131\u0300, Maria. <em>La pittura del Cinquecento</em>. Torino, Italy: UTET, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 296", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mack, Rosamond E. <em>Bazaar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian Art, 1300-1600</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31, fig. 19;  p. 85, fig. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hornik, Heidi J., and Mikeal C. Parsons. <em>Illuminating Luke</em>. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84, fig. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fontana, Renzo. \"Jacopo Bassano a Vicenza. La pala de Sant'Eleuterio: questioni iconografiche e cronologiche.\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>61 (2004): 83-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 86, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brucher, Gu\u0308nter. <em>Geschichte der Venezianischen Malere</em>i. Wien: Bo\u0308hlau, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 364, Abb. 202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dal Pozzolo, Enrico Maria. <em>Pittura veneta</em>. Milano, Italy: 24 ore cultura, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 215-217; Reproduced: fig. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bolandrini, Beatrice. \"I Palazzi Visconti a Brignano Gera D'adda.\" <em>Lo Spazio Del Collezionismo Nello Stato Di Milano (secoli Xvii - Xviii) / a Cura Di Andrea Spiriti</em> (2013): 247-302.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 265", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trentini, Francesco. <em>Essere Altrove: Diaspora e Immagini Nella Venezia dei Carmini.</em> Milano: Edizioni Unicopli, settembre 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 351, fig. 135", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Getty. \"Getty Acquires a 16th-Century Painting by Jacopo Bassano,\" October 18, 2021.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.getty.edu/news/getty-acquires-16th-century-painting-jacopo-bassano/"}, {"citation": "Nichols, Tom. \"Tintoretto, Bassano and the Rural Image.\" In <em>Tintoretto E Il Paesaggio: Temi E Contesti.</em> Edited by Martina Frank, 43-58. Venezia: Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti: Scuola Grande di San Rocco, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 46-47, fig. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1939.68", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.68/1939.68_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "830", "filesize": "721335", "filename": "1939.68_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.68/1939.68_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2234", "filesize": "5011106", "filename": "1939.68_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.68/1939.68_full.tif", "width": "7494", "height": "4924", "filesize": "110734132", "filename": "1939.68_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 118679, "creators": [{"id": 2015, "description": "Jacopo Bassano (Italian, c. 1510\u20131592)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1510", "death_year": "1592", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1939-02-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1545, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1550", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:58:04.149000"}, {"id": 141549, "accession_number": "1965.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of the Jester Calabazas, c. 1631\u201332. Diego Vel\u00e1zquez (Spanish, 1599\u20131660). Oil on canvas; framed: 199.3 x 133.1 x 12.7 cm (78 7/16 x 52 3/8 x 5 in.); unframed: 175 x 106 cm (68 7/8 x 41 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1965.15", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Portrait of the Jester Calabazas", "creation_date": "c. 1631\u201332", "creation_date_earliest": 1631, "creation_date_latest": 1632, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Spanish before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 199.3 x 133.1 x 12.7 cm (78 7/16 x 52 3/8 x 5 in.); Unframed: 175 x 106 cm (68 7/8 x 41 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.993, "height_inch": 78, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.331, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.127, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 1.75, "height_inch": 68, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.06, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442045, "title": "Velazquez", "description": "<i>Velazquez</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 3, 1989-January 7, 1990); Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain (January 29-March 30, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-10-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 226155, "title": "Vel\u00e1zquez, His Third Journey to Italy", "description": "<i>Vel\u00e1zquez, His Third Journey to Italy</i>. Palazzo Ruspoli, Rome (March 28-June 30, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207204, "title": "Manet/Vel\u00e1zquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting", "description": "<i>Manet/Vel\u00e1zquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 25-June 29, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220282, "title": "The Palace of the Planet King.  Philip IV and the Buen Retiro", "description": "<i>The Palace of the Planet King.  Philip IV and the Buen Retiro</i>. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (July 5-November 27, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-07-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229142, "title": "Dal\u00ed and the Spanish Baroque", "description": "<i>Dal\u00ed and the Spanish Baroque</i>. Salvador Dal\u00ed Museum, St. Petersburg, FL (organizer) (February 2-June 24, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-02-02T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227360, "title": "Diego Vel\u00e1zquez: The Early Court Portraits", "description": "<i>Diego Vel\u00e1zquez: The Early Court Portraits</i>. Meadows Museum, Dallas, TX (organizer) (September 16, 2012-January 13, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-09-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 232428, "title": "Vel\u00e1zquez", "description": "<i>Vel\u00e1zquez</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (March 25-July 13, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-03-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition Retrospective</em>. Palais des Champs-Elysees, Paris, France (1866).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Royal Collections (Palacio del Beun Retiro, Madrid)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "ca. 1631-32 - until at least 1808", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Private Collection (Great Britain)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "- possibly 1863", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Jean-Gilbert-Victor Fialin, Duc de Persigny, 1808-1872 (Paris, France) (sold, Hotel Drouot, Paris, April 4,1872, as \"Le Fou,\" for 750 francs", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1867 - 1872", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Maurice Cottier (died 1881), (Paris, France, and Ch\u00e2teau Cang\u00e9, Touraine.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1881", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Sir George Donaldson (1845-1925) London, England, and Brighton, England, sold to Herbert Frederick Cook, 1915.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1906 - 1915", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Herbert Frederick Cook, later 3rd Baronet, 1868-1939 (Richmond, England), by inheritance to Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook, 1939.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1915-1939", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "Francis Ferdinand Maurice Cook, 4th Baronet, 1907-1978 since 1956 (sold, Christie's, London, March 19, 1965, lot 104, through Thomas Agnew & Sons (London, England) to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939-", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 15}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Calabazas holds a wind-driven pinwheel and a miniature portrait of a woman, together suggesting the inconstancy of love.", "description": "Calabazas, a jester in the court of King Philip IV of Spain, had physical and mental disabilities, a state that the artist emphasizes, rather than tries to hide. While the Spanish court prized and doted upon people with disabilities such as Calabazas, Vel\u00e1zquez transformed their depiction in portraiture. This startling work uses the format of the formal, full-length court portrait to present a type of person who was generally perceived as marginal at this point in history and profoundly humanizes him.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3220568"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.15-portrait-of-the-jest"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Curtis, Charles Boyd. <em>Velazquez and Murillo; A Descriptive and Historical Catalogue of the Works of Don Diego De Silva Velazquez and Bartolome\u0301 Este\u0301ban Murillo</em>. London, United Kingdom: S. Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1883.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33, no. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Justi, Carl, and A. H. Keane. <em>Diego Velazquez and His Times</em>. London, United Kingdom: H. Grevel &amp; Co, 1889.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.438", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lafond, Paul. \"Des Portraits de fous, de nains et de phenomenes.\" <em>La</em> <em>Revue de l'Art Ancien et Modern </em>XI (January-June, 1902): 226-227.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 226-227", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brockwell, Maurice W. \"The Cook Collection, Part III.\" <em>Connoisseur</em> L (January, 1918): 8.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8. pl. XXIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moreno Villa, Jose\u0301. <em>Vela\u0301zquez</em>. Madrid, Spain: Editorial \"Saturnino Calleja\", 1920.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38-40; Reproduced: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brock, Maurice W. \"Calabacillas, the Buffoon.\" <em>Connoisseur </em>LIX (February, 1921): 116-121.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 116, 119-120; Reproduced: 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mayer, August L. <em>Diego Vela\u0301zquez</em>. Berlin, Germany: Propyla\u0308en-Verlag, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salazar, Juan Allende. <em>Velazquez; des meisters gema\u0308lde in 275 abbildungen</em>. Stuttgart, Germany: Deutsche verlags-anstalt, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30; Mentioned: p. 274", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, Francis, Maurice W. Brockwell, and Herbert Frederick Cook. <em>Abridged Catalogue of the Pictures at Doughty House, Richmond, Surrey, in the Collection of Sir Herbert Cook, Bart</em>. London, United Kingdom: W. Heinemann, 1932.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59, no. 500, pl. XX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Justi, Carl. <em>Diego Velazquez und sein Jahrhundert</em>. Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland: Phaidon-verlag, 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 705, pl. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mayer, August L. <em>Velazquez; A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Pictures and Drawings</em>. London, United Kingdom: Faber and Faber, Limited, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104, no. 445, pl. 149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mayer, August L. <em>Velazquez</em>. New York New York.: French Library of Fine Arts, French and European Publications, Inc, 1939.", "page_number": "reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferrari, , Enrique Lafuente, J. R. Carey, and Neil MacLaren. <em>Velazquez</em>. London, United Kingdom, : G. Allen &amp; Unwin ltd, The Phaidon press, 1943.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, pl. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trapier, Elizabeth du Gue\u0301. <em>Velazquez</em>. New York, New York: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Justi, Carl, and Juan Antonio Gaya Nun\u0303o. <em>Vela\u0301zquez y su siglo</em>. Madrid, Spain: Espasa-Calpe, 1953.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 704-706; Reproduced: fig. 193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ortega y Gasset, Jose\u0301, Alfred E. Herzer, F. J. Sa\u0301nchez Canto\u0301n, and C. David Ley. <em>Velazquez</em>. New York, New York: Random House, 1953.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pantorba, Bernardino de. <em>La vida y la obra de Vela\u0301zquez; estudio biogra\u0301fico y cri\u0301tico</em>. Madrid, Spain: Compan\u0303i\u0301a Bibliogra\u0301fica Espann\u0303ola, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 92-93; Reproduced: p. 141, no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lo\u0301pez-Rey, Jose\u0301. <em>Vela\u0301zquez: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of His Oeuvre</em>. London, United Kingdom: Faber and Faber, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52, 57; Reproduced: p. 264, no. 423, pl. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Prado. <em>Museo del Prado: cata\u0301logo de las pinturas</em>. Madrid, Spain: El Museo, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 744, no. 1250", "url": null}, {"citation": "Camo\u0301n Aznar, Jose\u0301. <em>Vela\u0301zquez</em>. Madrid, Spain: Espasa-Calpe, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 611, 1004; vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review 1965.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LII, no. 10 (November, 1965).", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n154"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n154"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n169"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 510; Mentioned: p. 511-513", "url": null}, {"citation": "Domi\u0301nguez Ortiz, Antonio, Alfonso E. Pe\u0301rez Sa\u0301nchez, and Julia\u0301n Ga\u0301llego. <em>Vela\u0301zquez. </em>New York, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gari\u0301n Llombart, Felipe Vicente, and Salvador Salort Pons. <em>Vela\u0301zquez</em>. Milano, Italy: Electa, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 196-199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tinterow, Gary, Genevie\u0300ve Lacambre, and Deborah L. Rolda\u0301n. <em>Manet/Vela\u0301zquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting</em>. New York, New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 451, fig. 10.49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Jonathan, and J. H. Elliott. <em>A Palace for a King: The Buen Retiro and the Court of Philip IV</em>. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reperoduced: p. 141, fig. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Prado, and Andre\u0301s Ubeda de los Cobos. <em>Paintings for the Planet King: Philip IV and the Buen Retiro Palace</em>. Madrid, Spain: Museo Nacional del Prado in association with Paul Holberton Pub, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 89, no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smee, Sebastian. <em>Lucian Freud, 1996-2005</em>. London, United Kingdom: Jonathan Cape, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13-14; Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, New York: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44-47; Reproduced: no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jeffett, William, and Suzanne L. Stratton. <em>Dali\u0301 and the Spanish Baroque</em>. St. Petersburg, Florida: Salvador Dali\u0301 Museum, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 92-92; fig. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le\u0301vy, Jean-Marc. <em>Me\u0301decins et malades dans la peinture europe\u0301enne du XVIIe sie\u0300cle</em>. Paris, France: L'Harmattan, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154-156, vol. I; p. 7, 132-133, vol. II; Reproduced: fig. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Checa Cremades, Fernando. <em>Velazquez, the complete paintings</em>. Antwerp, Belgium: Ludion, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hirshler, Erica E., and John Singer Sargent. <em>Sargent's Daughters: The Biography of a Painting</em>. Boston, Massachusetts: MFA Publications, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Condo, George. \"Feature.\"<em> Apollo</em> 18 (October 2011): 70-74.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Portu\u0301s Pe\u0301rez, Javier. <em>Diego Vela\u0301zquez: the early court portraits</em>. Dallas, Texas: The Meadows Museum, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94-96; Reproduced: no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 190-191", "url": null}, {"citation": "L\u00f3pez-Rey, Jos\u00e9, Odile Delenda and Benedikt Taschen. <em>Vel\u00e1zquez: The Complete Works</em>. K\u00f6ln: Taschen, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced & Mentined: pp. 80-81, 98-99, 345-346, fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 183", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kientz, Guillaume. <em>Vel\u00e1zquez</em>. Paris: R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux -- Grand Palais: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 240-241, no. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rogl\u00e1n, Mark A.<em> Spanish Art in America</em>. [Madrid, Spain: Ediciones El Viso, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pavans, Jean. <em>Le mus\u00e9e int\u00e9rieur de Henry James</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions du Seuil, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 100, 183; Reproduced p. xxx", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herdrich, Stephanie L. \"Sargent, Art History, and the Critics.\" In <em>John Singer Sargent . </em>Per Hedstrom, editor, 107-122. Stockholm : Nationalmuseum, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montanari, Tomaso. V<em>el\u00e1zquez e il Ritratto Barocco</em>.Torino: Giulio Einaudi editore, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 242, pl. 142; p. 245, pl. 144 (detail); Mentioned: 241, 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roberts, Lynn. \"Style Snapshot.\" <em>Picture Framing Magazine </em>29, no. 6 (June 2018).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "D. Aureliano de Beruete y Moret. \"Exhibition of Ancient and Spanish Paintings at the Royal Academy.\" <em>Connoisseur</em> LVIII (December, 1920):188.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lo\u0301pez-Rey, Jose\u0301, Diego Vela\u0301zquez, Odile Delenda, and Benedikt Taschen. Vela\u0301zquez: The Complete Works. 2020, 99, 345-346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 99, 345; Mentioned: pp. 345-346.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Garci\u0301a Serrano, Federico, and Diego Vela\u0301zquez. Vela\u0301zquez en 30 claves. Barcelona : Larousse, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 119", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eells, Emily, Isabelle Gadoin, and Charlotte Ribeyrol. <em>John Singer Sargent: Le Beau Monde et Son Revers</em>. Paris: Cohen &amp; Cohen, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40; Reproduced: p. 44, fig. 24", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_web.jpg", "width": "553", "height": "900", "filesize": "118845", "filename": "1965.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_print.jpg", "width": "2089", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1672424", "filename": "1965.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_full.tif", "width": "4745", "height": "7722", "filesize": "109952088", "filename": "1965.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "653", "filesize": "130613"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2468", "filesize": "1872932"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "5808", "filesize": "139420668"}, "date_created": "2014-06-06T09:35:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "653", "filesize": "131066"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2467", "filesize": "1840931"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt1_full.tif", "width": "16000", "height": "11608", "filesize": "557212708"}, "date_created": "2014-06-06T09:41:48", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "655", "filesize": "152876"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2473", "filesize": "2209624"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "5819", "filesize": "139685004"}, "date_created": "2014-06-06T09:54:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "565", "height": "900", "filesize": "123958"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2135", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1680445"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt3_full.tif", "width": "9719", "height": "15480", "filesize": "451380424"}, "date_created": "2014-06-06T10:43:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "893", "filesize": "57689"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2309", "height": "3400", "filesize": "851938"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5264", "height": "7750", "filesize": "122410000"}, "date_created": "2013-01-28T14:11:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "603", "height": "893", "filesize": "81061"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2296", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1202138"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5250", "height": "7774", "filesize": "122462480"}, "date_created": "2013-01-28T14:19:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "91169"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1258955"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt6_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144048172"}, "date_created": "2013-01-25T15:17:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "562", "height": "893", "filesize": "307447"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "2141", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5112942"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.15/1965.15_alt7_full.tif", "width": "4080", "height": "6478", "filesize": "79313504"}, "date_created": "2007-08-10T14:19:55", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 141549, "creators": [{"id": 5145, "description": "Diego Vel\u00e1zquez (Spanish, 1599\u20131660)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1599", "death_year": "1660", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-05-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1631, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1631\u201332", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Jester Calabazas"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:16:28.814000"}, {"id": 143803, "accession_number": "1968.23", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Samson and Delilah, c. 1616. Gerrit van Honthorst (Dutch, 1590\u20131656). Oil on canvas; framed: 158.4 x 122.5 x 11.8 cm (62 3/8 x 48 1/4 x 4 5/8 in.); case: 139.7 x 177.8 x 28 cm (55 x 70 x 11 in.); unframed: 129 x 94 cm (50 13/16 x 37 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1968.23", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Samson and Delilah", "creation_date": "c. 1616", "creation_date_earliest": 1615, "creation_date_latest": 1617, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 158.4 x 122.5 x 11.8 cm (62 3/8 x 48 1/4 x 4 5/8 in.); Case: 139.7 x 177.8 x 28 cm (55 x 70 x 11 in.); Unframed: 129 x 94 cm (50 13/16 x 37 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.584, "height_inch": 62, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.225, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.118, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "case": {"height": 1.397, "height_inch": 55, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.778, "width_inch": 70, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.28, "depth_inch": 11, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 1.29, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.94, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 214283, "title": "Sinners and Saints, Darkness and Light:  Caravaggio and His Dutch and Flemish Followers", "description": "<i>Sinners and Saints, Darkness and Light:  Caravaggio and His Dutch and Flemish Followers</i>. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (organizer) (September 29-December 13, 1998); Milwaukee Art Museum (January 29-April 18, 1999); Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH (May 8-July 18, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-09-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222484, "title": "The Genius of Rome, 1592-1623", "description": "<i>The Genius of Rome, 1592-1623</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 20-April 16, 2001); Museo Nazionale del Palazzo di Venezia, Rome, Italy (May 2-July 31, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 232167, "title": "Le Caravagisme Europ\u00e9en", "description": "<i>Le Caravagisme Europ\u00e9en</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Augustins, Toulouse, France (organizer) (June 22-October 14, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-06-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216565, "title": "Bodies and Shadows: Caravaggio and His Legacy", "description": "<i>Bodies and Shadows: Caravaggio and His Legacy</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (November 11, 2012-February 10, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-11-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 232785, "title": "Gherardo delle Notti", "description": "<i>Gherardo delle Notti</i>. Galleria degli Uffizi, Firenze, Italy (organizer) (February 10-May 24, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Caravaggio and His Followers</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 30, 1971-January 2, 1972), no. 35.", "opening_date": "1971-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Cleveland, OH (March 29, 2007 - July 8, 2007):", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "[possibly] San Salvatore in Lauro, Rome (1701) (\"Dalida\" by \"Mons\u00f9 Gerardo\", lent by the family of the Marchese Tommaso Raggi, Rome).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly March\u00e9se Tommaso Raggi (1595/6-1676), Genoa and Rome, and descendants", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->In his dissertation, <em>Jan Miel (1599-1644): a Flemish painter in Rome</em>, Thomas Kren suggests that a painting of Dalida (Delilah was referred to as Dalida in Chaucer) by Honthorst that was lent to an exhibition at San Salvatore in Lauro in 1701 by Raggi\u2019s heirs may be the CMA picture. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "After 1621 - At Least 1701", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "[possibly] in the collection of the Ruspoli family, Rome, until sold to an art dealer", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to the dealer who sold the painting to the Hazlitt Gallery, the Honthorst had been in the collection of the Ruspoli family, a noble Italian family with origins traceable to the thirteenth century. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Before 1967", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Dealer, Rome, sold to the Hazlitt Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1967", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Hazlitt Gallery, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1967 - 1968", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968 - Present", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Flickering candlelight and a nocturnal setting enhance the furtive nature of Delilah's actions.", "description": "In retaliation for Samson\u2019s single-handed decimation of their army, the Philistines bribed his lover Delilah to discover the source of his strength: his hair, uncut since birth. Samson\u2019s hair was shorn as he lay sleeping in Delilah\u2019s lap, draining his strength and allowing the Philistines to capture him. Honthorst intensified the inherent drama of the scene by limiting his depiction to just three closely packed figures, starkly illuminated by a single candle. The old woman\u2019s silencing gesture involves the viewer in the action, making us complicit in Delilah\u2019s deceit.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469989"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.23-samson-and-delilah"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Judson, J. Richard. <em>Gerrit Van Honthorst: A Discussion of His Position in Dutch Art</em>. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned:p. 147, no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums April- June 1968.\"<em> The Art Quarterly</em> XXXI, no. 4 (1968): 433-456.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 445; reproduced: P. 437", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n141"}, {"citation": "\u201cLa Chronique Des Arts: Les Oeuvres d\u2019art Entr\u00e9s Dans Les Mus\u00e9es Du Monde Entier En 1968.\u201d <em>Gazette Des Beaux Arts</em>, February 1969, 1\u2013118.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Gerard Van Honthorst: Samson and Delilah.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 9 (1969): 332-44.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 335", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152295"}, {"citation": "\u201cRecent Accessions.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine of Art &amp; Antiques</em> 91 (May 1970): 400.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 400, no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Museen und Austellungen.\" <em>Pantheon</em> XXX, no. 1 (Jan/Feb 1972): 54-73.", "page_number": "Mentnioned: P. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1971.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 1 (January 1972): 3\u201346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10; mentioned: p. 42, no. 55", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. \"Caravaggesques at Cleveland.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 114, no. 827 (February 1972): 113-12.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 114", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/876893."}, {"citation": "Kahr, Madlyn. \"Rembrandt and Delilah.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 55, no. 2 (June 1973): 240-59.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 241, n. 8; reproduced: P. 243, fig. 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/i354270"}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard E. <em>Caravaggio and His Followers</em>. New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110, cat. 35; Reproduced: p. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n173"}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict<em>. The International Caravaggesque Movement: Lists of Pictures by Caravaggio and His Followers Throughout Europe from 1590 to 1650</em>. Oxford: Phaidon, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 58; Reproduced: pl. 55 (detail)", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 244; Reproduced: p. 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sumowski, Werner. <em>Gema\u0308lde der Rembrandt-Schu\u0308ler</em>. 6 vols Landau: Edition PVA, 1983-.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 3, p. 1778 (under no. 1183 [Lievens])", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C. <em>A Guide to Dutch Art in America</em>. Washington, DC: Netherlands-American Amity Trust, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 338, fig. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muller-Hofstede, Justus. \"Artificial Light in Honthorst and Terbrugghen: Form and Iconography.\" In <em>Hendrick ter Brugghen und die Nachfolger Caravaggios in Holland, </em>13-44. Ru\u0308diger Klessmann, ed. Braunschweig: Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26; Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 25.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Judson, J. Richard. \"New Light on Honthorst.\" In <em>Hendrick ter Brugghen und die Nachfolger Caravaggios in Holland, </em>111-120 . Ru\u0308diger Klessmann, ed. Braunschweig: Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 111, 116; Reproduced: fig. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klessmann, Ru\u0308diger. <em>Hendrick ter Brugghen und die Nachfolger Caravaggios in Holland.</em> Braunschweig: Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 26, fig. 25; Mentioned: n. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict, and Luisa Vertova. <em>Caravaggism in Europe</em>. 3 vols. Torino: U. Allemandi, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 41, 122, 221; Reproduced: vol. 3, pls. 1247, 1248.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kren, Thomas, and Jan Miel. <em>Jan Miel (1599-1644): A Flemish Painter in Rome</em>. 1989.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gutbrod, Helga. \"\"Simson und Delila.' Rembrandts Grisaille im Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.\" In <em>Festschrift fu\u0308r Christian Lenz: von Duccio bis Beckmann; anla\u0308sslich seines 60. Geburtstages am 11. Mai 1998.</em> Felix Billeter, Helga Gutbrod, and Andrea Pophanken, 29-44. Frankfurt a.M: Verlag Blick in die Welt, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kupferberg, Herbert. \"Song of Solomon,\" <em>Stagebill </em>(February 1998): 12-16.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sinners &amp; Saints: Darkness and Light : Caravaggio and His Dutch and Flemish Followers.</em> Dennis P. Weller, Leonard J. Slatkes, and Roger B. Ward. Exh. cat. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 128-130, cat no. 19; reproduced: p. 221, fig. 3,", "url": null}, {"citation": "Papi, Gianni. <em>Gherardo delle Notti: Gerrit Honthorst in Italia</em>. Soncino: Edizioni dei Soncino, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 161-162; reproduced: pl. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Judson, J. Richard, and Rudolf E. O. Ekkart. <em>Gerrit Van Honthorst, 1592-1656</em>. Doornspijk, The Netherlands: Davaco, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 54-55, cat. no. 10; Reproduced: pls 4, 4a-b.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Genius of Rome, 1592-1623</em>. Edited by Beverly Louise Brown. Exh cat. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 304-305 (detail),313 cat. no 116.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wheelock, Arthur K., Stephanie Dickey, and Jan Lievens. <em>Jan Lievens: A Dutch Master Rediscovered</em>. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hilaire, Michel, and Axel He\u0301mery. <em>Corps et ombres: Caravage et le caravagisme europe\u0301en</em>. Exh. cat. Mus\u00e9e des Augustins, Toulouse (June 23-Oct. 14, 2012); Los Angeles County Museum of Art (Nov. 11, 2012-Feb. 10, 2013); and Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut, (Mar. 8-June 16, 2013). Milan: 5 continents, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 228 no. 52; Reproduced:p. 229. p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Caravaggio and His Legacy</em>.J. Patrice Marandel, Gianni Papi, et al. Exh. cat. Los Angeles Museum of Art and Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, in association with DelMonico Books / Prestel, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 121, 163; Reproduced: p. 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neuman, Robert. <em>Baroque and Rococo Art and Architecture</em>. Boston, MA : Pearson, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 186-187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schnackenburg, Bernhard. <em>Jan Lievens: Friend and Rival of the Young Rembrandt: with a Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of His Early Leiden Work 1623-1632</em>. Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73, fig. 88; Mentioned: p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Osnabrugge, Marije.  <em>The Neapolitan Lives and Careers of Netherlandish Immigrant Painters (1575-1655)</em>. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 207; Reproduced: p. 208", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lima Taub, Stefanie. \"Celebrate Light: Holiday opportunities for illumination.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>63, no. 4 (2023): 36-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-04/page/36/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.23", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_web.jpg", "width": "646", "height": "893", "filesize": "320671", "filename": "1968.23_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_print.jpg", "width": "2459", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4750908", "filename": "1968.23_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_full.tif", "width": "4578", "height": "6328", "filesize": "86943236", "filename": "1968.23_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "362664"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5823724"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99887804"}, "date_created": "2010-03-01T17:36:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "893", "filesize": "382178"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2515", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7125068"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4612", "height": "6233", "filesize": "86266844"}, "date_created": "2010-03-01T17:48:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "893", "filesize": "382256"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2615", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5555022"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6490", "filesize": "97230640"}, "date_created": "2010-03-01T19:01:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "656", "height": "893", "filesize": "337877"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2496", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4899873"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.23/1968.23_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3876", "height": "5280", "filesize": "61427296"}, "date_created": "2007-01-22T18:41:42", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 143803, "creators": [{"id": 2747, "description": "Gerrit van Honthorst (Dutch, 1590\u20131656)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1590", "death_year": "1656", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1615, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1616", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:44:35.059000"}, {"id": 147862, "accession_number": "1974.22", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Red Light, 1972. George Segal (American, 1924\u20132000). Plaster and mixed media; overall: 289.5 x 243.8 x 91.4 cm (114 x 96 x 36 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1974.22. \u00a9  Estate of William Schwedler / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": null, "title": "The Red Light", "creation_date": "1972", "creation_date_earliest": 1972, "creation_date_latest": 1972, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "plaster and mixed media", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 289.5 x 243.8 x 91.4 cm (114 x 96 x 36 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.895, "height_inch": 114, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 2.438, "width_inch": 96, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.914, "depth_inch": 36, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Estate of William Schwedler / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301821, "title": "Contemporary American Artists", "description": "<i>Contemporary American Artists</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 18, 1973-February 10, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-12-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1974</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302349, "title": "Materials and Techniques of 20th-Century Artists", "description": "<i>Materials and Techniques of 20th-Century Artists</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 17, 1976-January 2, 1977).", "opening_date": "1976-11-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443848, "title": "George Segal: Sculptures", "description": "<i>George Segal: Sculptures</i>. Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (October 29, 1978-January 7, 1979); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (February 18-April 1, 1979); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (May 16-July 8, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-10-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 313809, "title": "Life is a Highway: American Car Culture", "description": "<i>Life is a Highway: American Car Culture</i>. The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (organizer) (June 15-September 15, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1973: \"Contemporary American Artists,\" cat. #24, repr. p. 17", "opening_date": "1973-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1975: \"Year in Review 1974,\" Bulletin, LXII (March 1975), p. 102, cat. #138, repr. p. 87", "opening_date": "1975-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1975: \"Traditions and Revisions,\" cat. #116, repr. p. 136", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1976: \"Materials and Techniques of 20th Century Artists,\" cat. #9", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Minneapolis, MN, Walker Art Center, 1978-1979: \"George Segal: Sculptures,\" cat. no. 28, repr. p. 82 (Approved: Trustees' Meg 7/25/1977).", "opening_date": "1977-07-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["former loan number"], "did_you_know": "Segal pioneered the unique use of plaster bandages to make his sculpted figures.", "description": "George Segal began his career as a figurative painter, but in the 1960s his interest turned toward \"the theater of the street,\" and he began to create three-dimensional \"environments.\" Built like stage sets that incorporated real objects as props\u2014the truck in <em>The Red Ligh</em>t was Segal's own\u2014the settings usually evoke an urban environment. Segal felt that \"a minute of existence is miraculous and extraordinary.\" His work freezes those minutes, allowing them to be studied in depth. To achieve this effect in <em>The Red Light</em>, Segal worked with a live model, soaking cloth in a durable white industrial plaster to cast the figure in sections. He then cut the cast into sections, reassembled the pieces, and adjusted the pose. The figure's all-white surface and lack of specific facial features convey a sadly anonymous presence, offering a metaphor for the reality of city life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79927478"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cAcquisitions of Modern Art by Museums.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> CXVII (May 1975), mentioned p. 328, reproduced p. 334, no. 90.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cThe Red Light by George Segal.\u201d <em>CMA Bulletin</em> LXIII, vol. 63, no. 5, (May 1976), mentioned p.146-150, reproduced p.147, fig. 1.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hunter, Sam. George Segal. New York: Rizzoli, 1984, pp. 54, 58, reproduced color fig. 50, p. 57.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lym, Glenn Robert. \u201cWhen Places Include People: Edward Hopper and George Segal<em>.</em>\u201d<em> Places: A Quarterly Journal of Environmental Design</em>, vol. 2, no. 1, (1985), mentioned p.28-29, reproduced p.29, no. 14.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1974.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 3 (March 1975): 62\u2013102.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62, 64, 102; Reproduced: p. 86, no. 138", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cSky Cathedral-Moon Garden Wall by Louise Nevelson.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 7 (September 1977): 242\u201351.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 243-244", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159539"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 256", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n276"}, {"citation": "Greenberg, Jan, and Sandra Jordan. The Sculptor\u2019s Eye : Looking at Contemporary American Art. New York: Delacorte Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 44-45, fig. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward. \"Artistic Trends.\" <em>\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6 = Yi shu jia </em>589, no. 6 (June 2024): 278-289", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 286", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.22", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147862, "creators": [{"id": 3950, "description": "George Segal (American, 1924\u20132000)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1924", "death_year": "2000", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-03-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1972, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1972", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:48.766000"}, {"id": 156813, "accession_number": "1992.398", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "On Bos'n's Hill, 1901. Edmund C. Tarbell (American, 1862\u20131938). Oil on canvas; framed: 126 x 100.3 x 5.8 cm (49 5/8 x 39 1/2 x 2 5/16 in.); unframed: 106 x 78 cm (41 3/4 x 30 11/16 in.); former: 127.6 x 101.6 x 8.9 cm (50 1/4 x 40 x 3 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Mann and Robert A. Mann, 1992.398", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "On Bos'n's Hill", "creation_date": "1901", "creation_date_earliest": 1901, "creation_date_latest": 1901, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 126 x 100.3 x 5.8 cm (49 5/8 x 39 1/2 x 2 5/16 in.); Unframed: 106 x 78 cm (41 3/4 x 30 11/16 in.); Former: 127.6 x 101.6 x 8.9 cm (50 1/4 x 40 x 3 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.26, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.003, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.058, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.06, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.78, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "former": {"height": 1.276, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.016, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.089, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 226326, "title": "Impressionism Transformed: The Paintings of Edmund C. Tarbell", "description": "<i>Impressionism Transformed: The Paintings of Edmund C. Tarbell</i>. Currier Museum of Art, Manchester, NH (organizer) (October 13, 2001-January 13, 2002); Delaware Art Museum, Wilmington, DE (February 15-April 28, 2002); Terra Museum of American Art (May 11-July 21, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184052, "title": "Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age", "description": "<i>Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 23-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211073, "title": "Jewel City:  Art of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition", "description": "<i>Jewel City:  Art of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition</i>. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum (October 17, 2015-January 10, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, Sixth Annual Exhibition ( 7 November 1901-1 January 1902), cat. no. 94.", "opening_date": "1901-11-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Durand-Ruel Galleries (31 March-14 April 1902), cat. no. 27; (see References: Ten American Painters).", "opening_date": "1902-03-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, St. Boltoph Club (21 April-10 May 1902), cat. no. 23; (see References: Ten American Painters; painting misspelled in this).", "opening_date": "1902-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, Cincinnati Art Museum, Ninth Annual Exhibition (1902).", "opening_date": "1902-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Worcester, MA, Worcester Art Museum, A Collection of Paintings by Edmund C. Tarbell of Boston (1905), cat. no. 10, lent by S.D. Bush.", "opening_date": "1905-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Montross Gallery, One-Man Exhibition [not official title], (1-14 February 1907).", "opening_date": "1907-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, Cincinnati Art Museum, Fourteenth Annual Exhibition of American Art (1907), cat. no. 19.", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Retrospective Exhibition of The Ten American Painters (11 April-3 May 1908), cat. no. 78 as lent by L.D. Bush.", "opening_date": "1908-04-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Copley Hall, Exhibition of Paintings by Edmund C. Tarbell (May, 1912), cat. no. 27.", "opening_date": "1912-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Exhibition of Contemporary Art (1912), cat. no. 27.", "opening_date": "1912-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, Palace of Fine Arts, Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915), cat. no. 3958.", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Knoedler &amp; Co. (February, 1918), cat. no. 1.", "opening_date": "1918-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Frank W. Benson, Edmund C. Tarbell: Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, and Prints (16 November-15 December 1938), cat. no. 174, as lent by Mrs. Dacre Bush.", "opening_date": "1938-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wickersham Gallery, American Paintings, Drawings, Watercolors (1968)", "opening_date": "1968-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., The White House, Extended loan from Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Mann (1976-1992); for the Carter Collection.", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist was a popular art professor in Boston, and his followers were nicknamed \"Tarbellites.\"", "description": "Located in New Castle, New Hampshire, Bos\u2019n\u2019s Hill was a favored leisure spot for Tarbell\u2019s family, which included four children. It provides the luminous setting for this depiction of the artist\u2019s wife, Emeline, who strolls through the landscape with a parasol to protect her from the sun, while a beloved pet dog accompanies her. Four years later, the couple purchased a summer house nearby.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476933"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1992.398-on-bos-n-s-hill"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Strickler, Susan E., Linda Jones Docherty, Erica E. Hirshler, and Edmund Charles Tarbell. <em>Impressionism Transformed: The Paintings of Edmund C. Tarbell</em>. Manchester, N.H.: Currier Gallery of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "illus. plate 12, p. 50; pp. 23, 51, 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pierce, Patricia Jobe, and John Douglas Ingraham. <em>Edmund C. Tarbell and the Boston School of Painting, 1889-1980</em>. Hingham, MA: Pierce Galleries, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85-93; Reproduced: pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerdts, William H. <em>Ten American Painters</em>. New York, NY: Spanierman Gallery, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21; Mentioned: 22-23, 126, 184", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201c1993 Annual Report.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (July 1994): 143\u2013218.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 160", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Buckley, Laurene. <em>Joseph DeCamp: Master Painter of the Boston School</em>. Munich, Germany; New York, NY: Prestel, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63-68; Reproduced: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buckley, Laurene, and Edmund Charles Tarbell. <em>Edmund C. Tarbell: Poet of Domesticity</em>. New York, NY: Hudson Hills Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 51-59, 107-120; Reproduced: pl. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strickler, Susan E., Linda Jones Docherty, and Erica E. Hirshler. <em>Impressionism Transformed: The Paintings of Edmund C. Tarbell</em>. Manchester, NH.: Currier Gallery of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50; Mentioned: p. 23, 51, 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ganz, James A.ed. Jewel City: Art from San Francisco's Panama-Pacific International Exhibition. San Francisco, CA: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2015.", "page_number": "P. 134; reproduced: p. 186, figure 60", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1992.398", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.398/1992.398_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "893", "filesize": "545614", "filename": "1992.398_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.398/1992.398_print.jpg", "width": "2510", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7442333", "filename": "1992.398_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.398/1992.398_full.tif", "width": "3601", "height": "4877", "filesize": "52718140", "filename": "1992.398_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.398/1992.398_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "586954"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.398/1992.398_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2726", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7435286"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.398/1992.398_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2958", "height": "3690", "filesize": "32790116"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T14:40:40", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Mann and Robert A. Mann", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 156813, "creators": [{"id": 3303, "description": "Edmund C. Tarbell (American, 1862\u20131938)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1862", "death_year": "1938", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1993-02-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1901, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1901", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-02 11:23:17.878000"}, {"id": 115163, "accession_number": "1935.310", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu), 1800s, before 1896. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild. Gold; diameter: 9.8 cm (3 7/8 in.); overall: 1.3 cm (1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1935.310", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu)", "creation_date": "1800s, before 1896", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1895, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Diameter: 9.8 cm (3 7/8 in.); Overall: 1.3 cm (1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.098, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "overall": {"height": 0.013, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301819, "title": "African Textiles and Decorative Arts", "description": "<i>African Textiles and Decorative Arts</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 11, 1972-January 31, 1973); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (March 20-May 31, 1973); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (July 2-August 31, 1973); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 3-December 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-08-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444266, "title": "The Arts of Ghana", "description": "<i>The Arts of Ghana</i>. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (October 11-December 11, 1977); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (February 11-March 26, 1978); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (May 3-July 2, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-10-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "<i>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297093, "title": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana", "description": "<i>The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana</i>. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (April 15-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 162, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Brooklyn Museum:  Masterpieces of African Art, cat. no. 34.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "NY: The Museum of Modern Art, 1972-1973:  African Textiles and Decorative Arts.  Also to Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1973; M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, 1973; and the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1973, cat. no. 162.", "opening_date": "1972-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Dickson Art Center, 1977-1978:  The Arts of Ghana, cat. no. 324, p. 153, repr. p. 155.  Also to the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, February 11-March 26, 1978, and the Dallas Museum of Art, May 30-July 2, 1978.", "opening_date": "1978-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC:  National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, African Emblems of Status, October 21, 1982-April 30, 1983.", "opening_date": "1982-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC:  National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, African Art in the Cycle of Life, September 15, 1987-March 20, 1988.", "opening_date": "1987-09-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC:  National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution, Elmina:  Art and Trade on the West African Coast, October 14, 1992-February 28, 1993.", "opening_date": "1992-10-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00, exh. cat. no. 18, p. 68.", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006):  \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 36, p. 117, color repr. p. 32.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury of asantehene (King) Agyeman Prempeh I, Kumasi, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Exhibition Catalogue <em>African Negro Art</em> (1935), cat. no. 162; Original object card, 9/14/35 (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "?-1896", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France via Pierre Matisse, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Exhibition Catalogue <em>African Negro Art</em> (1935), cat. no. 162; Original object card, 9/14/35 (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Akan goldsmiths were organized into guilds, a kind of specialized group of artisans.", "description": "Gold discs dangling on the chests of Akan state officials and elites showed their rank and duties. Worn by these <em>akrafo </em>(\u201csoul people\u201d) since the 1800s, they are often linked to <em>kradware, </em>officials who represent and purify (\u201cwash\u201d) the king\u2019s soul. To make them, goldsmiths cast or flattened gold. Muslim North African gold coins likely inspired their form and material, while concentric water rings influenced their composition. This small disc is a typical pre-colonial example: <em>asantehene</em> (king) Prempeh I reportedly owned this disk. The British emptied his treasury after deposing and exiling him in 1896. Gold ornament making ceased until 1924; court officials now wear large discs.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008268"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.310-disk-pendant-akrafok"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sieber, Roy. <em>African Textiles and Decorative Arts</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1972. P. 137.", "page_number": "P. 137.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \u201cAfrican Textiles and Decorative Arts.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 9 (November 1973).", "page_number": "Repr. back cover.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/i25152495"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d <em>African Arts</em> 10, no. 3 (April 1977): 16-24.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sieber, Roy, and Roslyn Adele Walker. <em>African Art in the Cycle of Life</em>. Washington, DC: National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987. Exhibition catalog.", "page_number": "p. 102, cat. no. 53, repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Geary, Christraud M. and Andrea Nicolls. <em>Elmina: Art and Trade on the West African Coast</em>. Washington, DC: National Museum of African Art, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. Exhibition catalogue.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 8.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hudon, Fran\u00e7ois, Line Lamarre, and Michel Vervais. <em>R\u00e9alit\u00e9s : Histoire et \u00e9ducation \u00e0 La Citoyennet\u00e9. </em>Qu\u00e9bec : ERP Inc., 2008.", "page_number": "Fig. 5.18.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 19, p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 32, no. 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. <em>African Negro Art.</em> New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. <em>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: p. 23, fig. 13, p. 68, no. 18.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In <em>Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display. </em>Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955.</em> [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Herbert M., and Doran H. Ross. <em>The Arts of Ghana</em>. Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, University of California, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153; reproduced: p. 155, fig. 324", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter. <em>African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989.</em> Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 202-203, fig. 515", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Roslyn A., Martha J. Ehrlich, Christraud M. Geary, M. D. McLeod, and Doran H. Ross. <em>The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. </em>Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Dallas : Dallas Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101, cat. 58", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.310", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_web.jpg", "width": "808", "height": "900", "filesize": "186512", "filename": "1935.310_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_print.jpg", "width": "3051", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2282990", "filename": "1935.310_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_full.tif", "width": "9556", "height": "10650", "filesize": "305343528", "filename": "1935.310_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "804", "height": "900", "filesize": "183651"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3036", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2204322"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9509", "height": "10650", "filesize": "303841696"}, "date_created": "2025-10-02T22:29:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "939", "height": "893", "filesize": "519695"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3234", "filesize": "5962830"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.310/1935.310_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4082", "height": "3883", "filesize": "47572344"}, "date_created": "2009-06-10T16:13:14", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115163, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s, before 1896", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Soul Disk Pendant (krakonmu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:39.057000"}, {"id": 135173, "accession_number": "1958.20", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Brook, c. 1895\u20131900. Paul Cezanne (French, 1839\u20131906). Oil on fabric; framed: 74.9 x 97.2 x 8.3 cm (29 1/2 x 38 1/4 x 3 1/4 in.); unframed: 59.2 x 81 cm (23 5/16 x 31 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.20", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "The Brook", "creation_date": "c. 1895\u20131900", "creation_date_earliest": 1895, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 19th-early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 74.9 x 97.2 x 8.3 cm (29 1/2 x 38 1/4 x 3 1/4 in.); Unframed: 59.2 x 81 cm (23 5/16 x 31 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.749, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.972, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.592, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.81, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 703013, "title": "Highlights of the 19th Century", "description": "<i>Highlights of the 19th Century</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (March 3-31, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338838, "title": "Masterpiece of the Month", "description": "<i>Masterpiece of the Month</i>. Akron Art Museum (organizer) (April 2-26, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444758, "title": "\u30bb\u30b6\u30f3\u30cc\u5c55 (Paul Cezanne Exhibition)", "description": "<i>\u30bb\u30b6\u30f3\u30cc\u5c55 (Paul Cezanne Exhibition)</i>. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (March 29-May 25, 1974); Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, Kyoto, Japan (June 1-July 17, 1974); Fukuoka Art Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 24-August 18, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-03-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338835, "title": "Cezanne Retrospective", "description": "<i>Cezanne Retrospective</i>. K\u00fcnsthalle Tubingen, D-72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany (organizer) (January 16-April 27, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-01-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 223815, "title": "Cezanne au fil de l'eau", "description": "<i>Cezanne au fil de l'eau</i>. Mus\u00e9e Granet, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France (organizer) (June 15-September 15, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-06-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Galerie Heinemann. Possibly Munich, Germany (1928),", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Modern Paintings from Boston Collections</em>. Institute of Modern Art, Boston, MA (1937).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Art in New England-Paintings, Drawings, Prints from Private Collections in New England</em>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. MA (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Centennial Exhibition 1839-1939</em>. Marie Harriman Gallery, New York, NY (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Summer Loan - group of fourteen Hanna paintings on loan</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY. (June-September 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>C\u00e9zanne-Rarely Shown Works</em>. Fine Arts Associates, New York, NY (1952).", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ambroise Vollard [1866-1939], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Walther Halvorsen [1887-1972]. Oslo, Norway", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Brummer, Paris, France/New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Galerie Heinemann, Munich, Germany, by 1928, sold to a Private Collection)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1928", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Private Collection, Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Robert Treat Paine, Jr., Boston, MA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Thomas Metcalf, Boston, MA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1939", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Knoedler Galleries, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Sam Salz, New York, NY, March 12, 1945, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1945", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1945-1958", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Cezanne rarely did preparatory sketches for his paintings. The shapes on the canvas are provided by tonal contrasts and color sensation.", "description": "Although Cezanne exhibited twice with the Impressionists, he rejected his friends\u2019 goals of capturing the fleeting effects of light and atmosphere in their art. Instead, he sought to create balance among the forms and colors in his compositions. This painting depicts the valley of the Arc River that runs southeast of Cezanne\u2019s home in Aix-en-Provence. Throughout the composition, he juxtaposed strokes of different hues, describing the leaves, branches, and the stream with color rather than drawing the outlines of forms.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517676"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.20-the-brook"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Ce\u0301zanne, Son Art, Son Oeuvre; 1,600 Illustrations</em>. Paris: P. Rosenberg, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 233, no. 783; reproduced: vol. 2, pl. 258, no. 783", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland.</em> Thesis M.A. Oberlin College 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: The Museum, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Great Show of French Masters: Cleveland Celebrates Legacy of Hanna Collection.\" <em>Life</em> 45, no. 8 (August 25, 1958): 41-46.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, E. B. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: From Turner to Guston.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 78 (December 1963): 481\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 485", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n201"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n201"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n1"}, {"citation": "Orienti, Sandra. <em>The Complete Paintings of Ce\u0301zanne.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120, no. 746", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reff, Theodore, William Rubin, et. al. <em>Ce\u0301zanne: The Late Work: Essays. </em>New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26; reproduced: p. 273, pl. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n239"}, {"citation": "Hata, Ko\u0304hei, Kazuo Anazawa, and Kunio Motoe. <em>Sezannu.</em> Tokyo: Sh\u014dgakkan, Sh\u014dwa 54, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bourges, M. R. <em>Itine\u0301raires de Ce\u0301zanne</em>. [Aix-en-Provence]: Ville d'Aix-en-Provence, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: La Vallee de l'Arc, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \"Space and Pictorial Life: Hans Hofmann's <em>Smaragd Red and Germinating Yellow</em>.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 72, no. 5 (September 1985): 310-323.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 316, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adriani, Go\u0308tz, Paul Ce\u0301zanne, and Walter Feilchenfeldt. <em>Cezanne: Gema\u0308lde</em>. Ko\u0308ln: DuMont, 1993.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 75, Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patin, Sylvie. <em>Ce\u0301zann</em>e. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Orienti, Sandra. <em>Tout l'Oeuvre Peint de Ce\u0301zann</em>e. Paris: Flammarion, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120, no. 746", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John, Walter Feilchenfeldt, and Jayne Warman. <em>The Paintings of Paul Ce\u0301zanne: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301.</em> New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 465, no. 766", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: v.1, p.125-126, no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56; reproduced: p. 58, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mothe, Alain. Ce Que Voyait Ce\u0301zanne: Les Paysages Impressionnistes a\u0300 la Lumie\u0300re des Cartes Postales. Paris: RMN Editions, Grandpalais, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 121", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.20", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.20/1958.20_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "651", "filesize": "318429", "filename": "1958.20_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.20/1958.20_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2460", "filesize": "4116585", "filename": "1958.20_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.20/1958.20_full.tif", "width": "15414", "height": "11154", "filesize": "515816820", "filename": "1958.20_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.20/1958.20_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1239", "height": "893", "filesize": "914203"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.20/1958.20_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2451", "filesize": "6579161"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.20/1958.20_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5670", "height": "4088", "filesize": "69572828"}, "date_created": "2007-10-19T16:28:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 135173, "creators": [{"id": 1754, "description": "Paul Cezanne (French, 1839\u20131906)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The son of a wealthy banker, C\u00e9zanne began his studies in Aix-en-Provence at the \u00c9cole Saint-Joseph in 1849, then attended the Coll\u00e8ge Bourbon from 1852 until 1858. \u00c9mile Zola, the future author, was to become one of his closest friends. C\u00e9zanne enrolled at the \u00c9cole Gratuite de Dessin in 1857, entering the studio of Joseph Gibert (1806-1884). Two years later, complying with his father's wishes, he began studying law at the Universit\u00e9 d'Aix while still at the \u00c9cole Gratuite de Dessin. In 1861 C\u00e9zanne finally left law school and followed Zola to Paris where he met Pissarro (q.v.) at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. Probably after his failure to enter the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, he returned to Aix and began working at his father's bank. In 1862, however, C\u00e9zanne returned to Paris, where he studied at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse and copied the works of the Old Masters in the Louvre. The works he produced during this period reflect the influence of Spanish painters such as Ribera (1591-1562) and Zurbar\u00e1n (1598-1664), and other predecessors such as Delacroix (q.v.). His submissions to the Salons of 1865 through 1870 (and even through 1881) did not receive the jury's approval; the reinstatement of the Salon des Refus\u00e9s was repeatedly but unsuccessfully demanded. C\u00e9zanne traveled often between Aix and Paris until 1870. To escape the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) he stayed in the south in L'Estaque, along with his mistress, Hortense Fiquet, whom he had met in 1869. C\u00e9zanne moved back north to Pontoise with Hortense and his son, Paul, in 1872 and worked with Pissarro and met Dr. Paul Gachet. The following year he moved again to nearby Auvers-sur-Oise with his family, continuing his work with Pissarro. In 1874 and 1877 C\u00e9zanne participated in the first and third impressionist exhibitions, but the severe criticism of his works led him to abstain from using this venue again. In 1878 his father learned of the existence of Hortense and Paul, who at that point were living in Marseille, and threatened to discontinue his allowance. While in the Midi, C\u00e9zanne often worked with Monticelli (q.v.). His art increasingly matured, and he began concentrating on the order and internal structure within his compositions, limiting his palette. During these years he also met Gauguin (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.), and always trav-eled, chiefly between Aix and L'Estaque. In 1886 C\u00e9zanne married Hortense, his father died, and the inheritance provided him with the financial means to live without constraints. He bought a house in Marlotte near Fontainebleau in 1892. In 1895 he had his first solo show at the gallery of Ambroise Vollard, who two years later bought all the artist's works from his studio near Corbeil. The dealer Paul Durand-Ruel became another important client. C\u00e9zanne participated in the Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants in 1899, 1901, and 1902 and exhibited at La Libre Esth\u00e9tique in Brussels in 1901 and 1904, the Secession in Vienna in 1903, and the Salon d'Automne in 1904-6. He continued to study the underlying structure of nature, at times approaching abstraction by denying traditional perspective and using multiple viewpoints. He also began leaving portions of the canvas bare, giving some works an unfinished appearance. C\u00e9zanne's work had a tremendous influence on the artists of his time as well as those of subsequent generations, and he is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of modern art.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1839", "death_year": "1906", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1895\u20131900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:54:45.290000"}, {"id": 123424, "accession_number": "1943.654", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Overmantel Decoration, c. 1675\u201377. Grinling Gibbons (British, 1648\u20131721). Lindenwood; part 1: 69.3 x 178.4 cm (27 5/16 x 70 1/4 in.); part 2: 164.5 x 27.3 cm (64 3/4 x 10 3/4 in.); part 3: 177.8 x 26.7 cm (70 x 10 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1943.654", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Overmantel Decoration", "creation_date": "c. 1675\u201377", "creation_date_earliest": 1675, "creation_date_latest": 1677, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 17th century (Charles II)"], "technique": "lindenwood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Part 1: 69.3 x 178.4 cm (27 5/16 x 70 1/4 in.); Part 2: 164.5 x 27.3 cm (64 3/4 x 10 3/4 in.); Part 3: 177.8 x 26.7 cm (70 x 10 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.693, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.784, "width_inch": 70, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "part 2": {"height": 1.645, "height_inch": 64, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.273, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "part 3": {"height": 1.778, "height_inch": 70, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.267, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309664, "title": "Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink", "description": "<i>Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 26-October 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-07-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The swags of fruit and foliage featured in this wooden overmantel decoration evoke the bounty of the English countryside.", "description": "The arrangement of architectural elements within grand interior spaces in the late 1600s and early 1700s emphasized symmetry and height. Decorative elements such as elaborately carved mantels, mirrors, paintings, and applied wall decorations were often stacked to achieve a visual focal point at one or both ends of the room. This particular overmantel decoration once hung above the fireplace in the Green Drawing Room of the Earl of Essex at Cassiobury in Watford, near London. In 1823, the British painter William Henry Hunt (1790\u20131864) produced a watercolor of the drawing room which featured this overmantel decoration.<br><br>Grinling Gibbons was born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, of English parents. After training there as an artist, he came to England in the 1660s and soon began to work as a sculptor of interior ornament, particularly in wood. One of his first large-scale decorative projects was the series of interiors at Cassiobury House.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900620"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.654-overmantel-decoratio"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Esterly, David. <em>Grinling Gibbons and the Art of Carving</em>. London: V&amp;A Publishing, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 183, cat. no. 115", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=862221831"}, {"citation": "Wilcop, Mary, Karen Bishop, Beth M. Edelstein, Colleen Snyder, and Marcus Brathwaite. \"Tilia and Tilt-A-Jet: Abrasive Jet-machining Towards the Treatment and Re-mounting of a Grinling Gibbons Overmantel. <em>Wooden Artifacts Group Postprints (</em>2018).", "page_number": "pp. 51-65", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Conservation. 17th Century Meets 21st: To restore a 17th-century wood carving and simplify its installation in the new British gallery. conservators collaborated with CWRU Sears think[box].\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 2 (March/April 2020): 38-39.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 38; Mentioned: P. 38-39.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grinling Gibbons Society, <em>Grinling Gibbons Online, </em>accessed 7/2022.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://grinling-gibbons.org/artworks/overmantel-decoration/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.654", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.654/1943.654_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "813", "filesize": "", "filename": "1943.654_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.654/1943.654_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3072", "filesize": "", "filename": "1943.654_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.654/1943.654_full.tif", "width": "10457", "height": "9447", "filesize": "", "filename": "1943.654_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.654/1943.654_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "740", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.654/1943.654_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2794", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.654/1943.654_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11314", "height": "9296", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2020-03-12T08:22:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.654/1943.654_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "798", "filesize": "203282"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.654/1943.654_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3013", "filesize": "2964880"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.654/1943.654_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4402", "height": "3901", "filesize": "51542824"}, "date_created": "2017-07-13T17:48:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 123424, "creators": [{"id": 8579, "description": "Grinling Gibbons (British, 1648\u20131721)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1648", "death_year": "1721", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1675, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1675\u201377", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:21:01.201000"}, {"id": 123435, "accession_number": "1943.659", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sophie Crouzet, c. 1801. Louis Hersent (French, 1777\u20131860). Oil on fabric; framed: 101 x 85.5 x 12.5 cm (39 3/4 x 33 11/16 x 4 15/16 in.); unframed: 81.2 x 65 cm (31 15/16 x 25 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1943.659", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "Sophie Crouzet", "creation_date": "c. 1801", "creation_date_earliest": 1796, "creation_date_latest": 1806, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 18th-early 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 101 x 85.5 x 12.5 cm (39 3/4 x 33 11/16 x 4 15/16 in.); Unframed: 81.2 x 65 cm (31 15/16 x 25 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.01, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.855, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.125, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.812, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.65, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "<i>Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-April 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515776, "title": "Problem Pictures", "description": "<i>Problem Pictures</i>. The Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center, Poughkeepsie, NY (organizer) (October 13-November 15, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "<i>Rococo, Revolution, Restoration</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Hartford, Wadsworth Atheneum. Loan Exhibition of Distinguished Works of Art (1928), no. 25, Jacques-Louis David, Portrait of a Woman, lent by Wildenstein &amp; Co.", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Art Museum. Exhibition of French Painting of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (1929), no. 23 (repr.), David, Citoyenne Crouzet, Wildenstein &amp; Co.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toledo Museum of Art; Art Gallery of Toronto. The Spirit of Modern France: An Essay on Painting in Society 1745-1946 (1946-47), no. 13, La Citoyenne Courzet [sic] 1795 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein &amp; Co. French XVIIIth Century Paintings (1948), 5, David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit Institute of Arts. From David to Courbet (1950), no. 3, David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Seattle Art Museum. Masterpieces of Nineteenth Century Painting and Sculpture (7 March-6 May 1951), no cat.", "opening_date": "1951-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Omaha, Joslyn Art Museum. Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition-The Beginnings of Modern Painting, France 1800-1900 (1951), 4, David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Winnipeg Art Gallery. French Pre-Impressionist Painters of the Nineteenth Century (1954), 8, no. 3 (repr.), David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Worth Art Center. Inaugural Exhibition (1954), no. 18, David, La Citoyenne Crouzet (repr.).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Gallery of Toronto. Comparisons (1957), no. 20, David, La Citoyenne Couzet [sic].", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron (Ohio) Art Institute. Masterpiece of the Month (2-28 September 1958), as David; no cat.", "opening_date": "1958-09-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Indianapolis, Herron Museum of Art. The Romantic Era: Birth and Flowering 1750-1850 (1965), no. 26 (repr.), Circle of David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Poughkeepsie, Vassar College Art Gallery. Problem Pictures: Paintings without Authors (1965), no. 22, Circle of Jacques Louis David, La Citoyenne Crouzet (?), ca. 1800.", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kansas City, Nelson Gallery and Atkins Museum of Fine Arts. The Taste of Napoleon (1969), no. 23 (repr.), Circle of David, La Citoyenne Crouzet.", "opening_date": "1969-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sophie Crouzet, retained by, until her death in 1844.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "By inheritance to her son F\u00e9lix-Adolphe Crouzet.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "By inheritance to his daughter Sophie Crouzet, wife of Gustave-Fran\u00e7ois Bourotte.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "By inheritance to their first-born son Eug\u00e8ne (d. 1899).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "By inheritance to his brother \u00c9mile Bourotte, then by inheritance to his wife, Mme Jos\u00e9phine Darte-Bourotte, Versailles.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sold to Wildenstein & Co., New York, probably in the early 1920s.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers sale, Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, 18 November 1943 (lot 51), as Jacques-Louis David, Citoyenne Crouzet.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Purchased by the CMA in 1943.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sophie Crouzet, the sitter in this portrait, is a first cousin of the artist.", "description": "The sitter's dress deliberately evokes ancient Roman costume. However, the white muslin and straightforward cut also derives from earlier English fashions that favored simplicity in contrast to the elaborate, colorful clothing favored earlier in the 1700s. The transparency of her dress also carries political and cultural meaning: during the French Revolution in 1789, costume began to signify political allegiance, a sign of the character of the person who wore it. For women, transparency became increasingly literal, as in the sheer fabric worn by Crouzet, who came from a family of active revolutionaries.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514930"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.659-sophie-crouzet"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n41"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cA Portrait by Jacques Louis David.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 32, no. 6 (June 1945): 83\u201385. <br><br>Attributed to: Jacques Louis David", "page_number": "Mentioned : p. 83-85; Reproduced: Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141209"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 492", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n90"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n188"}, {"citation": "D\u2019Argencourt, Louise. \u201cThe Story of a Painting: A Romance in Attribution.\u201d <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 1 (1996): 116\u2013129.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 116-129; Reproduced: p. 117, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20079684"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 357-360, Vol. II, no. 125", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jackall, Yuriko. <em>America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting.</em> Chicago, IL : Art Stock Books, Independent Publishers Group, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104, fig. 3", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.659", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.659/1943.659_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "396865", "filename": "1943.659_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.659/1943.659_print.jpg", "width": "2718", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5374139", "filename": "1943.659_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.659/1943.659_full.tif", "width": "3943", "height": "4932", "filesize": "58373356", "filename": "1943.659_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 123435, "creators": [{"id": 1682, "description": "Louis Hersent (French, 1777\u20131860)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The son of Romain-Th\u00e9odore Hersent, a silversmith, Louis Hersent was sent to learn the art of painting in the studio of Jean-Baptiste Regnault (1754-1829). He achieved second place for the Prix de Rome in 1797 but became seriously ill the following year and was forced to withdraw from the studio. He then briefly ventured into business but soon returned to art. A cousin of Hersent, Pierre Crouzet, worked as director of the military academy at Compi\u00e8gne. Through this connection Hersent became a drawing instructor to its students in 1800. Crouzet transferred to Saint-Cyr the following year, and Hersent may have followed him there. Hersent was first accepted at the Salon of 1802 with Narcissus (Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Arras). His early work recalls David (q.v.), but soon Hersent expanded his subject matter to include contemporary history; depictions of Native Americans based on legends, stories, or anthropological studies; official portraits; and European history. He enjoyed official success, receiving the Legion of Honor in 1819 and being elected to the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts in 1822. His wife, Louise-Marie-Jeanne Mauduit (1784-1862), was a painter herself who ran a studio to teach other women artists. Hersent became professor at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in 1825, replacing Girodet (q.v.). He opened his own studio at that time, and his pupils included Charles Gleyre (1806-1874), Paul Chenavard (1807-1895), and Jacques-Raymond Brascassat (1804-1867). In 1837 he became vice president of the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts, and the following year served as its president.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1777", "death_year": "1860", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1796, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1801", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:21:03.382000"}, {"id": 136290, "accession_number": "1960.176.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Youth (from Chateau de Chaumont set), 1512\u201315. France, Lyon(?), early 16th century. Silk and wool; tapestry weave; overall: 321.8 x 452 cm (126 11/16 x 177 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1960.176.2", "current_location": "113 French Tapestries & Illuminated Manuscripts", "title": "Youth (from Chateau de Chaumont set)", "creation_date": "1512\u201315", "creation_date_earliest": 1512, "creation_date_latest": 1515, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Lyon(?), early 16th century"], "technique": "silk and wool; tapestry weave", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Tapestry", "measurements": "Overall: 321.8 x 452 cm (126 11/16 x 177 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 3.218, "height_inch": 126, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 4.52, "width_inch": 177, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "French verse in Gothic letters translates as follows: Youth triumphs while its heart is healthy, And when it seems to hold all in its hand. But this triumph is without eternity.  Here one sees the example full well: Those who are happy hide death in thier heart. Let the young heed this warning.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 445010, "title": "Chefs d'oeuvre de la Tapisserie du XIV\u00e8me au XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle (Tapestry Masterpieces from the 14th to the 16th Century)", "description": "<i>Chefs d'oeuvre de la Tapisserie du XIV\u00e8me au XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle (Tapestry Masterpieces from the 14th to the 16th Century)</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (October 26, 1973-January 7, 1974); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 7-April 19, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-10-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Chefs d'oeuvre de la tapisserie du XIVe au XVIe siecle. Grand Palais, Paris, France (October 26, 1973- January 7, 1974); Masterpieces of Tapestry. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (February 7-April 19, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 113 tapestry rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 20, 2012- ).", "opening_date": "2012-11-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "one of set of three allegorical tapestries from the Chateau de Chaumont until 1907; Duveen Collection, New York, in 1925; Clarence H. MacKay Collection until 1939; (French & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1960.177"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Louise of Savoy (1476-1531), queen mother of King Francis I, is depicted here in a sumptuous brocaded velvet in the center. She addresses youthful figures including \u00c9l\u00e9onore, Pierre Sala\u2019s daughter who is facing her future husband, Hector. On the right, King Louis XII (died 1514) stands in front of the Chateau Langais where he had married Anne of Brittany. Above is Hector\u2019s deceased father with a partially concealed skull under his robe, while a woman expresses surprise at the sight. The verse in Old French at the top states that youthful happiness is not eternal: Youth makes sounds as long as its heart is healthy, And thinks that it holds all in its hand. But this triumph is not eternal. Here you see clearly an example: He that is happy has death in his breast. Of this you people should take note.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757083"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \"Three Tapestries from Chaumont.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 7 (1961): 159-77", "page_number": "p. 159-177", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142461"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Remy G. \"Literary Background of the Chaumont Tapestries.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 7 (1961).", "page_number": "p. 178-181", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142462"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D., and Leona E. Prasse. \"Traditions in the Chaumont Tapestries.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 7 (1961): 182-90.", "page_number": "p. 182-190", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142463"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n99"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 336-337", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n363"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n99"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n105"}, {"citation": "Seaton, Douglass. Ideas and Styles in the Western Musical Tradition. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co, 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vignon, Charlotte, and Ian Wardropper. Duveen Brothers and the Market for Decorative Arts, 1880-1940. 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced:  pp. 218, fig. 78 - 219", "url": null}, {"citation": "Passot, Sebastien. \"\"Are You Sure This Is What He Means?\" Considerations on Dress Terminology in French Sources and Their Subsequent Translation.\" In <em>Structuring Fashion: Foundation Garments Through History</em>. Frank Matthias Kammel, and Johannes Pietsch, eds., 63-71. Munich: Bayerisches Nationalmuseum; Munich: Hirmer, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 64-65, fig. 2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.176.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.2/1960.176.2_web.jpg", "width": "1240", "height": "893", "filesize": "1103860", "filename": "1960.176.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.2/1960.176.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2449", "filesize": "8251086", "filename": "1960.176.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.2/1960.176.2_full.tif", "width": "5738", "height": "4134", "filesize": "71199620", "filename": "1960.176.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.2/1960.176.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1243", "height": "893", "filesize": "1033986"}, "print": {"url": 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"6144", "filesize": "75531488"}, "date_created": "2007-01-17T18:16:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.2/1960.176.2_alt21_web.jpg", "width": "1226", "height": "893", "filesize": "1019995"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.2/1960.176.2_alt21_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2477", "filesize": "7062443"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.2/1960.176.2_alt21_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3642", "filesize": "54646884"}, "date_created": "2005-06-01T15:27:23", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Honey and Leighton Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 136290, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-08-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1512, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1512\u201315", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1960.176", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:57:28.015000"}, {"id": 122348, "accession_number": "1942.644", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Young Man with a Chain, c. 1629 or 1632. Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669), and Studio. Oil on wood; framed: 83.8 x 69.9 x 12.7 cm (33 x 27 1/2 x 5 in.); unframed: 57.8 x 43.8 cm (22 3/4 x 17 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.644", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "A Young Man with a Chain", "creation_date": "c. 1629 or 1632", "creation_date_earliest": 1625, "creation_date_latest": 1632, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 83.8 x 69.9 x 12.7 cm (33 x 27 1/2 x 5 in.); Unframed: 57.8 x 43.8 cm (22 3/4 x 17 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.838, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.699, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.127, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.578, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.438, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed at right: \"RHL van Rijn / 1632 [RHL in monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300448, "title": "Dutch Painting, The Golden Age", "description": "<i>Dutch Painting, The Golden Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 27, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 226545, "title": "Rembrandt Rembrandt", "description": "<i>Rembrandt Rembrandt</i>. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (organizer) (November 3, 2002-January 13, 2003); St\u00e4del Museum, Franfurt am Main, Germany (January 31-May 11, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-11-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 214325, "title": "Rembrandt in America", "description": "<i>Rembrandt in America</i>. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (organizer) (October 30, 2011-January 22, 2012); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 19-May 28, 2012); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (June 24-September 16, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-30T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Verein Ausstellung. Kaiser Friederich Museum, Berlin, Germany (1906).", "opening_date": "1906-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rembrandt Exhibition. Kroller M\u00fcller Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (1913-1914).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Loan Exhibition of Paintings by Rembrandt. Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Once identified as Rembrandt himself, the sitter is now considered an anonymous study of human character.", "description": "This painting is an example of a<em> tronie</em>, a Dutch word meaning \u201chead\u201d or \u201cfacial expression.\u201d Tronies were not intended to be identifiable portraits, but artistic investigations of facial appearance and fanciful costume. Particularly in the years around 1630, Rembrandt used this popular format to explore different lighting effects and facial expressions. Here, the strong contrast of light and shade shapes the contours of the young man\u2019s face; unusual accessories such as the striped scarf and glittering pendant on a jeweled chain add an exotic touch. Although this painting bears Rembrandt\u2019s monogram, the authorship is not certain. Some scholars have attributed it to Isaac de Joudreville (1613\u20131648), a pupil and associate of Rembrandt who painted comparable tronies in a similarly smooth and elegant style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21505931"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.644-a-young-man-with-a-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Smith, John. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch, Flemish and French Painters</em>; London, United Kingdom: Smith and Son, 1829.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92, no. 233, vol. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dutuit, Euge\u0300ne. <em>Tableaux et Dessins de Rembrandt: Catalogue Historique et Descriptif.</em> Paris: Le\u0301vy, 1885.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bode, Wilhelm von, Cornelis Hofstede de Groot, and Auguste Marguillier. <em>L' Oeuvre Complet de Rembrandt: Reproduction par l'he\u0301liogravure de tous les Tableaux du Mai\u0302tre, Accompagne\u0301e de leur Histoire, de leur Description et d'une e\u0301tude Biographique et Critique. </em>8. Paris: Sedelmeyer, 1906.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: vol. VIII, no. 7, p. 156, 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, <em>Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century</em>. London, United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co, 1908.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 275, vol. VI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Adolf and Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner.<em> Rembrandt; des Meisters Gema\u0308lde in 643 Abbildungen, mit einer biographischen Einleitung.</em> Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1909.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 522", "url": null}, {"citation": "M. Knoedler &amp; Co. Portrait of a Youth by Rembrant, 1606-1669. London: M. Knoedler &amp; Co, n.d.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: [1-10]", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold.  <em>Rembrandt: Wiedergefundene Gema\u0308lde (1910-1922).</em> Stuttgart: Dt. Verl.-Anst, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts, and Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner. <em>The Thirteenth Loan Exhibition of Old Masters, Paintings by Rembrandt</em>: The Detroit Institute of Arts, May 2 to 31, 1930. Detroit, MI: The Institute, 1930.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp. no. 66 and on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold. <em>Rembrandt Paintings in America.</em> New York: S.W. Frankel, 1931.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bredius, Abraham, ed.,<em>The Paintings of Rembrandt</em>. Vienna. Austria: Phaidon-Verlag, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7, pl. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition: June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 93-94, no. 232", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \u201cThe Twentieth Annual Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>ARTnews </em>34, pt. 2 (June 13, 1936): 7-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 232", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [17], Plate V, cat. no. 13; Mention: p. 22, cat. no. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Berryman, F. S. \"Important Bequest to Cleveland Museum.\" <em>Magazine of Art </em>35 (November 1942): 264.<em>  </em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 264", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Department of Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland</em> <em>Museum of Art XXIX</em>, no. 9 (November, 1942):132-136.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cCleveland Installs Last Gifts of John L. Severance.\u201d <em>Art Digest </em>17 (December 1, 1942): 8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Rembrandt's 'Portrait of a Young Student.'\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>37, no. 9 (November 1950): 191-193.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 193", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141663"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 24", "url": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 . [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952."}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 446", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n82"}, {"citation": "Jaffe, Michael. \"The Figurative Arts of the West, c. 1400-1800.\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 77</em> (December 1963) p. 467.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 467", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gimpel, Rene\u0301. <em>Journal d'un Collectionneur, Marchand de Tableau</em>x. [Paris]: Calmann-Le\u0301vy, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 236", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bauch, Kurt. <em>Rembrandt Gema\u0308lde</em>. Berlin, Germany: W. de Gruyter, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n147"}, {"citation": "Erpel, Fritz. <em>Die Selbstbildnisse Rembrandts</em>. Wien: A. Langen, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202, no. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerson, H., ed., <em>Rembrandt Paintings</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Reynal &amp; Co, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 101, Mentioned: p. 256-493", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bredius, Abraham and H. Gerson. <em>The Complete Edition of the Paintings [of]</em> <em>Rembrandt</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 560. no. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paolo Lecaldano, Paolo. <em>L'opera pittorica completa di Rembrandt.</em> Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n147"}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise,  and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Listed: p. 232", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bruyn, J., Ernst van de Wetering, C. J. van Nes, and Murray Pearson. <em>A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings</em>. The Hague, Netherlands: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: a 23, Mentioned: p. 214-248", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bruyn, J.,  Ernst van de Wetering, C. J. van Nes, and Murray Pearson. <em>A</em> <em>corpus of Rembrandt paintings</em>. The Hague, Netherlands: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82, fig. 3, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 255; Mentioned: p. 254-256", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schwartz, Gary. <em>Rembrandt: zijn leven, zijn schilderijen : een nieuwe biografie met alle beschikbare schilderijen in klur afgebeeld</em>. Maarssen: Uitgeverij Gary Schwartz, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196, pl. 209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guillaud, Jacqueline, and Maurice Guillaud. <em>Rembrandt, The Human form</em> <em>and Spirit.</em> Paris, France: Guillaud Editions, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 270, fig. 319", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C. A <em>Guide to Dutch Art in America</em>. Washington, D.C.: Netherlands-American Amity Trust, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66, 345", "url": null}, {"citation": "Van de Wetering, E. <em>Corrigenda et Addenda to Volume I. In: A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings.</em> Stichting Foundation Rembrandt Research Project Foundation, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 838", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liedtke, Walter. \"Reconstructing Rembrandt: Portraits from the early years in Amsterdam.\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors 129 </em>(May 1989): p. 331, 372.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tu\u0308mpel, Christian, and Astrid Tu\u0308mpel, <em>Rembrandt: All Paintings in Colour.</em> Antwerp, Belgium: Fonds Mercator, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 189, 427, cat. no. A 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fleischer, Roland E., and Susan C. Scott. <em>Rembrandt, Rubens, and the Art of Their Time: Recent Perspectives</em>. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giltaij, Jeroen and Shinji Hata.<em> Rembrandt Rembrandt</em>. Hakko\u0304: Shiboruto zaidan, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59, Mentioned: p. 58-59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scallen, Catherine B., <em>Rembrandt, Reputation, and the Practice of Connoisseurship</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260, fig. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bleker, E. J., and A. A. H. Bleker-Poot. <em>Rembrandt en de Blekerfamilie. </em>Lochem, Netherlands: Silverborgh B.V., 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203, Vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cowen, Dana E. \"The Rembrandt Brand.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 3 (May/June 2012): 6-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-03/page/6/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "S.A.C. Dudok Van Heel, \"Rembrandt als Portretschilder bij Hendrick Uylenburgh, 1631-1635, met opdrachten in Den Haag, Leiden en Rotterdam.\" <em>Amstelodamum</em> 107-2 (April-June 2020)", "page_number": "p. 77, no. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Giltaij, Jeroen. <em>Het grote Rembrandt boek: alle 684 schilderijen</em>. Zwolle : WBOOKS, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 127, no. 176", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.644", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "228572", "filename": "1942.644_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3491330", "filename": "1942.644_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99891756", "filename": "1942.644_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "451942"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6768804"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99892780"}, "date_created": "2009-04-27T16:11:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "745", "height": "893", "filesize": "412375"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2837", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6071573"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4274", "height": "5122", "filesize": "65706828"}, "date_created": "2009-04-27T16:01:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "893", "filesize": "370267"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2857", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4487672"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3078", "height": "3663", "filesize": "33864476"}, "date_created": "2008-09-30T18:28:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "763", "height": "893", "filesize": "557306"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2520", "height": "2950", "filesize": "5563756"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.644/1942.644_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2520", "height": "2950", "filesize": "22345108"}, "date_created": "2007-11-26T00:00:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 122348, "creators": [{"id": 2520, "description": "Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1606", "death_year": "1669", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 61762, "description": "Studio", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1625, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1629 or 1632", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Man", "Portrait of a Youth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:18:03.089000"}, {"id": 163543, "accession_number": "2004.85", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Staff of Office, early to mid-1800s. Central Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba. Wood and iron; overall: 170 x 13.3 cm (66 15/16 x 5 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2004.85", "current_location": null, "title": "Staff of Office", "creation_date": "early to mid-1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luba"], "technique": "Wood and iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 170 x 13.3 cm (66 15/16 x 5 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.7, "height_inch": 66, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.133, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 229166, "title": "Art and Power in the Central African Savanna", "description": "<i>Art and Power in the Central African Savanna</i>. Menil Collection, Houston, TX (September 26, 2008-January 4, 2009); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-May 31, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (June 20-October 11, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-09-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 535628, "title": "Narrative Wisdom and African Arts", "description": "<i>Narrative Wisdom and African Arts</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (October 19, 2024-January 5, 2025) https://www.slam.org/exhibitions/narrative-wisdom-and-african-arts/.", "opening_date": "2024-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Chief Msidi (c. 1830\u20131891), Yeke (Garanzange) Kingdom (present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo), 1888, given to British missionary Frederick Stanley Arnot.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->\"Msidi's farewell was quite touching in its way. He was anxious that I should wait for his son to go with me. I did not care to encourage this, so declined to wait. At last, after finding that I sought nothing from him, he gave me from his side his rod of authority, or sceptre, assuring me that it would be, to all who knew him, an assurance of the friendship that exists between us.\" March 13, 1888 letter from Frederick Stanley Arnot reproduced in Arnot, Frederick. S. 1893. <em>Bihe\u0301 And Garenganze:Or Four Years' Further Work and Travel in Central Africa</em>. London: J.E. Hawkin, pp. 244\u201345.</div>", "<ul><li><!--block-->Msidi is often referred to as Msiri, or by the fuller name Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi</li></ul><div><!--block--><br></div>", ""], "date": "?\u20131888", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Frederick Stanley Arnot [1858-1914], probably Glasgow, Scotland, 1914, by descent to his son Dr. Arthur B. Arnot.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1888\u20131914", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Dr. Arthur B. Arnot, New York, NY, 1987, consigned for auction at Sotheby\u2019s.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914\u20131987", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sotheby\u2019s, Important Tribal Art, New York, NY, Nov. 10, 1987, Lot #79, sold to Philippe and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Leloup for George Feher)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "George Feher, New York, NY, 1990s, acquired by Morris Pinto", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987\u20131990s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Morris Pinto, New York, NY, 1996, acquired by Philippe and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Leloup", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131996", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Philippe and H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Leloup, Paris, France, 2004, donated to Marie Victoire Koch", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996\u20132004", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Marie Victoire Koch, Saint Mand\u00e9, France, 2004, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2004", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2004\u2013", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Yeke kingdom ruler Chief Msidi gave this as a gift of appreciation to the British missionary Frederick Stanley Arnot, whom the chief had invited to his kingdom.", "description": "Sanctified by a ritual specialist and enhanced with medicinal substances, the staff possessed supernatural qualities and was endowed with healing power. Luba staffs are among the most important regalia of Luba kings. The metal point alludes to the kingdom's stability and durability. Each staff has its own distinctive iconography to reflect regional styles. As Chief Msidi (former owner of this staff) ruled over the Yeke kingdom (and not the Luba kingdom), it begs the question of how he acquired this symbol of another realm's power.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79989789"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2004.85-staff-of-office"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Arnot, Fred S. <em>Bihe and Garenganze: A record of four years\u2019 work and journeying in Africa. </em>London: J.E. Hawkins &amp; Co, LTD., 1893, front cover.", "page_number": "Front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby\u2019s. <em>Important Tribal Art. </em>New York: Sotheby\u2019s, 1987: Lot. 79.", "page_number": "lot. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nooter, Robert and Nancy. <em>The Art of Collecting African Art</em>. New York City, NY: New York Center for African Art, 1988, 20-21.", "page_number": "p. 20-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bacquart, Jean-Baptiste. <em>The Tribal Arts of Africa.</em> New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998, 159.", "page_number": "p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Annual Report 2004</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 67.", "page_number": "p. 67", "url": "https://www.clevelandart.org/sites/default/files/documents/annual-report/2004_annual_report.pdf"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \u201cMajor Acquisitions: 2000-2005.\u201d In <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine: July/August 2005.</em> (Summer 2005): 12.", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. <em>Art and Power in the Central African Savanna: Luba, Songye, Chokwe, Luluwa. </em>Brussels: Mercatorfonds, 2008, 58-9, fig. 39.", "page_number": "p. 58, 59: fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"New Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art\". In <em>African Arts</em>, 44, no. 1 (Spring 2011): 54, fig. 2.", "page_number": "p. 54: fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, et al. <em>Fragments of the Invisible</em>: <em>The Rene\u0301 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture.</em> Milan: 5 Continents, 2013, 107.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2004.85", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2004.85/2004.85_web.jpg", "width": "277", "height": "893", "filesize": "82866", "filename": "2004.85_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2004.85/2004.85_print.jpg", "width": "1053", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1157143", "filename": "2004.85_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2004.85/2004.85_full.tif", "width": "1548", "height": "5000", "filesize": "23239736", "filename": "2004.85_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Silver Jubilee Treasure Fund, 1953.181", "current_location": "228B Cleveland Artists", "title": "Necklace", "creation_date": "1953", "creation_date_earliest": 1953, "creation_date_latest": 1953, "artists_tags": ["May Show", "male", "Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "Cleveland School", "LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "Cleveland Institute of Art (faculty)"], "culture": ["America, Ohio, Cleveland"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 43.2 cm (17 in.); Pendant: 7 x 4.6 cm (2 3/4 x 1 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.432, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "pendant": {"height": 0.07, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.046, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 383020, "title": "The May Show: 35th Annual Exhibition of Works by Cleveland Artists and Craftsmen", "description": "<i>The May Show: 35th Annual Exhibition of Works by Cleveland Artists and Craftsmen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-June 14, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 701740, "title": "Craftsmanship in a Changing World", "description": "<i>Craftsmanship in a Changing World</i>. Museum of Arts and Design, New York, NY (organizer) (September 29-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-09-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 702409, "title": "Work of John Paul Miller", "description": "<i>Work of John Paul Miller</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (March 1-April 20, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 702631, "title": "Contemporary Crafts from Museum Collections", "description": "<i>Contemporary Crafts from Museum Collections</i>. Museum of Arts and Design, New York, NY (organizer) (September 25-November 30, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515620, "title": "Exhibition of Crafts", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Crafts</i>. The Society of Arts and Crafts, Boston, MA (organizer) (April 4-May 1, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301224, "title": "May Show Retrospective - 50 Years", "description": "<i>May Show Retrospective - 50 Years</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (April 23-June 16, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302646, "title": "A Study in Regional Taste: May Show 1919 - 1975", "description": "<i>A Study in Regional Taste: May Show 1919 - 1975</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 13-August 21, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 197431, "title": "The Jewelry of John Paul Miller", "description": "<i>The Jewelry of John Paul Miller</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 13, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-06-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 232050, "title": "Crafting Modernism:  Mid-Century American Art & Design", "description": "<i>Crafting Modernism:  Mid-Century American Art & Design</i>. Museum of Arts and Design, New York, NY (organizer) (October 11, 2011-January 15, 2012); Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (February 25-May 20, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Fine Arts Center, Indiana University, IN (2/2/1959 - 2/25/1959), Newcomb College, Tulane University, LA (3/10/1959 - 2/31/1959); \"The Medieval Craftsman and his Modern Counterpart\" cat. no. 11g", "opening_date": "1959-02-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 2010: \"The Jewerly of John Paul Miller\" (6/15/2010- 1/2/2011), no catalogue", "opening_date": "2010-06-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museum of Arts and Design (10/11/2011 - 1/15/2012) and Rochester Memorial Art Gallery, NY (2/25/2012 - 5/20/2012): \"Crafting Modernism: Mid-Century American Art &amp; Design\"), ex. cat. no. 165, p. 218.", "opening_date": "2011-10-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Designer-Craftsmen, U.S.A. 1953, The Brooklyn Museum (10/22/1953-12/30/1953); Art Institute of Chicago (03/15/1954-04/26/1954).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "John Paul Miller's fascination with jewelry technique emerged in his groundbreaking rediscovery in the early 1950s of granulation, an ancient, forgotten technique of fusing gold beads to a gold surface without using solder. The fleeting creatures of earth, sea, and sky, such as the insect on this necklace, became his muses, inspiring a body of work full of curiously textured forms.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781199"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "John Paul Miller Entry Card to 1953 May Show. Cleveland Museum of Art May Show Records, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMS10003/"}, {"citation": "Hoffman, Jay, Dee Driscole, and Mary Clare Zahler. <em>A Study in Regional Taste: The May Show, 1919-1975</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 63, no. 70; Mentioned: P. 80, no. 70", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 150", "url": ""}, {"citation": "John Paul Miller collection. 1850-2010, bulk 1940-2000. Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/JohnPaulMiller"}, {"citation": "Channing, Laurence, \"Before Neo: The May Show\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 07, September 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-07/page/8"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.181", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Silver Jubilee Treasure Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130421, "creators": [{"id": 56027, "description": "John Paul Miller (American, 1918\u20132013)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1918", "death_year": "2013", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-05-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1953, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1953", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:49:12.527000"}, {"id": 154710, "accession_number": "1989.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bell (Lai Zhong) (\u9028\u9418), c. 800\u2013700 BCE. China, Shaanxi province, Meixian, Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046\u2013771 BCE). Bronze; overall: 70.3 x 37 x 26.6 cm (27 11/16 x 14 9/16 x 10 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1989.3", "current_location": "241A Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Bell (Lai Zhong)", "title_in_original_language": "\u9028\u9418", "creation_date": "c. 800\u2013700 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -810, "creation_date_latest": -690, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Shaanxi province, Meixian, Western Zhou dynasty (c. 1046\u2013771 BCE)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Zhou Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 70.3 x 37 x 26.6 cm (27 11/16 x 14 9/16 x 10 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.703, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.37, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.266, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\tLai proclaimed: \"Great and illustrious was my august late father who made his heart clean following the disciplined virtue of his forefathers and dutifully served the past king. I, Lai, now succeed him in service and dare not fail. Respectfully, from dawn to dusk I will earnestly--even unto death--serve the Son of Heaven, taking as a model the obligation of my forefathers.\"\r\n\r\n\tI, Lai, was presented with many things.\r\n\r\n\tThen came the [king's] gracious command: \"Manage the fisheries and forests of the realm.\"\r\n\r\n\t\"I, Lai, dare to respond to the great, illustrious, sagely, and gracious favor of the Son of Heaven, extolling him and using this as cause to make for my august late father Gongshu a set of harmonized bells. Ding, dong, bing, bong, ding, dong, bing, bong. May they be used in acts of piety, reverently gladdening past luminaries. May the past luminaries who dwell on high help perpetuate this command, sending down upon me good fortune, tranquility, and purity. May I, Lai, live long in service to the Son of Heaven.\"\r\n\r\n\tMay sons' sons and grandsons' grandsons forever treasure these [bells].", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311620, "title": "Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 18-December 31, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-10-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Robert H. Ellsworth, Ltd., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1989", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1989-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The technical sophistication of the unusual lens-shaped cavity allowed the bell to produce two different tones.", "description": "In ancient China, music and ritual had political significance and were linked inseparably to the power of states. During the Zhou dynasty, bronze bells were made in sets of eight to sixty bells. This bell is the second largest from a set of eight. <br><br>This bell bears an inscription of 118 characters about its owner, Lai, and why it was cast. Lai's ancestors dutifully served the Western Zhou royal court, and he was granted a hereditary position by the \"Son of Heaven\" (the ruler). To express filial piety, Lai commissioned a set of bells as an offering to his father, Gongshu, in the hope that they would be forever treasured by future generations. This important inscription also provides an early example of Chinese calligraphy highlighting the purely abstract lines and construction of characters.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759551"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.3-bell-lai-zhong"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Liu Huaijun. \"Meixian chutu yipi Xi Zhou jiaocang qingtong yueqi (A group of Western Zhou bronze musical instruments buried in a pit and excavated at Meixian).\" <em>Wen bo </em>\u6587\u535a, vol. 17, no. 2 (1987): 17-25.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n22"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H., et al. \u201cNotable Acquisitions.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 78, no. 3, 1991, pp. 63\u2013147.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 125", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith, and Anne E. Wardwell. \"New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>81, no. 8 (1994): 270-347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 288; Mentioned: p. 287-291, 346", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161465"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 26-27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liu Huaijun. \"Shaanxi Meixian chutu jiaocang qingtong qi bitan (Discussion on the bronzes buried in a pit at Meixian, Shaanxi province). <em>Wen wu </em>\u6587\u7269, no. 6 (2003): 49-50.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 93", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "59341", "filename": "1989.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "784269", "filename": "1989.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99921380", "filename": "1989.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "148508"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1913189"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99887012"}, "date_created": "2011-12-20T13:47:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "143699"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "966217"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99883076"}, "date_created": "2011-12-20T14:42:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "62356"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "859675"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4579", "height": "5926", "filesize": "81441112"}, "date_created": "2011-12-20T15:28:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "893", "filesize": "217367"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2646", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2559907"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3309", "height": "4251", "filesize": "42222984"}, "date_created": "2011-12-20T17:44:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "684", "height": "893", "filesize": "208990"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2603", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2741806"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3314", "height": "4328", "filesize": "43053312"}, "date_created": "2011-12-20T17:47:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "173338"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2078402"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3573", "height": "4624", "filesize": "49588156"}, "date_created": "2011-12-20T18:07:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "893", "filesize": "382365"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "1180", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1236555"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.3/1989.3_alt6_full.tif", "width": "1180", "height": "1536", "filesize": "5439668"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154710, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-02-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -810, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 800\u2013700 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Master Lai's Bell"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:00:40.877000"}, {"id": 167459, "accession_number": "2009.271", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Julius Caesar, c. 1455\u201360. Mino da Fiesole (Italian, c. 1430\u20131484), garland by Mino da Fiesole and Workshop (Italian, c. 1430\u20131484). Marble with traces of bole (red clay) and limestone with traces of paint; overall: 83 x 84 x 25 cm (32 11/16 x 33 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2009.271", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Julius Caesar", "creation_date": "c. 1455\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1455, "creation_date_latest": 1460, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 15th century"], "technique": "marble with traces of bole (red clay) and limestone with traces of paint", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 83 x 84 x 25 cm (32 11/16 x 33 1/16 x 9 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.83, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.84, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.25, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 217155, "title": "The Springtime of the Renaissance. Sculpture and the Arts in Florence, 1400-1460", "description": "<i>The Springtime of the Renaissance. Sculpture and the Arts in Florence, 1400-1460</i>. Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi, Firenze, Italy (March 21-August 18, 2013); Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (September 23, 2013-January 6, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-03-21T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Springtime of the Renaissance: Sculpture and the Arts in Florence.</em> Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy (March 21-August 18, 2013); Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (September 23, 2013 - January 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-03-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection (Bourges, France), sold to a private dealer and Gertrud Rudigier", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private dealer and Gertrud Rudigier (Munich, Germany), sold to Gertrud Rudigier, 2008", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Gertrud Rudigier, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 2009", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Traces of paint on this white marble relief indicated that it was once brightly painted.", "description": "Renowned Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar (100\u201344 BCE) appears here as a political rather than military leader, worn by the burdens of office, with carefully described signs of aging. Mino probably used ancient coins from the collection of the Medici, Florence's ruling family, as his starting point for this sculpture. However, the complex carving, the clinging drapery, and the psychological intensity all characterize the inventiveness Renaissance artists brought to classical subject matter. In this case, Caesar offered an important model for leadership, masculinity, and composure. The garland is clearly by a different hand, but passages, such as the ribbons and flowers in low relief, correspond to details found in other decorative carvings from Mino's workshop. Initially, the limestone setting was probably put into a wall, perhaps in a lunette over the door, from which it was later removed. However, the relationship between the garland and the relief has not yet been clarified and is the subject of ongoing research.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755713"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.271-julius-caesar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Seydl, Jon L. \"High Renaissance Sculpture.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>50, no. 4 (July/August 2010): 10-12.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-04/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Scala Books, 2012.London, United Kingdom: Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140-141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calzona, Arturo, and Matteo Ceriana. <em>Per un nuovo Agostino di Duccio: studi e documenti</em>. VeronaItaly: Scripta, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 9, Mentioned: p. 85-86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seydl, Jon L. \"Return to the Renaissance.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 6 (November/December 2012): 13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-06/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Paolozzi Strozzi, Beatrice, and Marc Bormand. <em>The Springtime of the Renaissance: Sculpture and the Arts in Florence 1400-60</em>. Firenze, Italy: Mandragora, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 484-485", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bormand, Marc, and Beatrice Paolozzi Strozzi. <em>Le printemps de la Renaissance la sculpture et les arts a\u0300 Florence, 1400-1460 : [exposition, Florence, Palazzo Strozzi, 23 mars-18 aou\u0302t 2013 ; Paris, Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 26 septembre 2013-6 janvier 2014]</em>. Paris: Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 485, fig. X.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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Philippe de Champaigne (French, 1602\u20131674). Oil on canvas; framed: 182 x 141 x 15 cm (71 5/8 x 55 1/2 x 5 7/8 in.); unframed: 129.5 x 97.2 cm (51 x 38 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1959.38", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Portrait of King Charles II of England", "creation_date": "1653", "creation_date_earliest": 1653, "creation_date_latest": 1653, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 182 x 141 x 15 cm (71 5/8 x 55 1/2 x 5 7/8 in.); Unframed: 129.5 x 97.2 cm (51 x 38 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.82, "height_inch": 71, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.41, "width_inch": 55, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.15, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "unframed": {"height": 1.295, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.972, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed lower center: \"A\u00b0.1653\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 520126, "title": "Carolina Charter Tercentenary Exhibition", "description": "<i>Carolina Charter Tercentenary Exhibition</i>. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (organizer) (March 23-April 28, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515959, "title": "La Peinture Francaise dans les Collections Americaines", "description": "<i>La Peinture Francaise dans les Collections Americaines</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (organizer) (May 13-September 15, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-05-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515942, "title": "A Pageant of Canada: The European Contribution to the Iconography of Canadian History", "description": "<i>A Pageant of Canada: The European Contribution to the Iconography of Canadian History</i>. National Gallery of Canada (organizer) (October 27, 1967-January 19, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310008, "title": "Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention", "description": "<i>Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 7-May 17, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-04-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301651, "title": "The Paston Treasure: Microcosm of the Known World", "description": "<i>The Paston Treasure: Microcosm of the Known World</i>. Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, CT (organizer) (February 15-May 27, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-02-15T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Pittsburg, Carnegie Insitute, 1951: \"French Painting 1100-1900,\" cat. no. 68, illus.", "opening_date": "1900-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Orangerie des Tuilleries, 1952: \"Philippe de Champaigne,\" cat. no. 28 (incorrectly gives duke as Grafton as ex collection).", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Ghent, Museum of Fine Arts, 1952: \"Philippe de Champaigne,\" cat. no. 28, illus. p. 16.", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Duvee Brothers, 1952: \"French Art in Painting and Sculpture of the Eighteenth Century,\" cat. no. 7.", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA Dec. 1959: \"Year in Review,\" Bull.,  p. 230.", "opening_date": "1959-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Raleigh, North Carolina Museum of Art, 1963: \"Carolina Charter Tercentenary Exhibition,\" cat. no. 64, pl. 64, repr. color on cover.", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mus\u00e9e de Bordeaux, France 1966: \"La Peinture Fran\u00e7aise dans les Collections Am\u00e9ricaines,\" cat. no. 5, illus.", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Ottawa, The National Gallery of Canada, October 1967-January 1968: \"The European Contribution to the Iconography of Canadian History,\" cat. no. 36, pl. XV (color).", "opening_date": "1967-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, CT (2/15/2108 \u2013 5/27/2018):  \"The Paston Treasure: Microcosm of the Known World\"", "opening_date": "2018-05-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jules Feral (sale: Paris, Hotel Drouot, May 30, 1903, as portrait of James II by Lely); [E. Gimpel and Wildenstein, New York]; Stanley Mortimer, New York (sale: Parke-Bernet, December 2, 1944, no. 85, illus. p. 57); [Duveen Brothers, Inc., New York]. The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Fund, 1959.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Charles is wearing a typical French cuirassier's armor. Meant for cavalry, the style indicates it was made around 1630 and was likely a gift as Charles would have been an infant at the time it was created.", "description": "Charles II (1630\u20131685) fled England in 1651 during the English civil war and commissioned this portrait during his exile in France. Charles II never fought on the battlefield, but he was the last British monarch to wear a full suit of armor, which represented his rank and status. The king gestures to the sea beyond the Dover cliffs, and the waiting fleet reveals his intention to return to England, which he did in 1660.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465232"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.38-portrait-of-king-cha"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201c17th Century French Painting Acquired by the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d April 2, 1959, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0364"}, {"citation": "Wixom, Nancy. \"Charles II, King of England.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>46, no. 7 (September 1959): 163-164.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 162; Mentioned: p. 163", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142349"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n142"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Forest and the Trees and Chinese Painting.\" <em>National Palace Museum Quarterly </em>\u6545\u5bae\u9031\u520a 1, no. 2 (October 1966): 1\u201314.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. X", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n142"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n191"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 57-59; Reproduced: p. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"An English Pikeman's Armor from the Severance Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 7 (1994): 252-67.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 262; Mentioned: p. 262-63, 267", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161462"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 189", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fils, Nathan. \"Phillipe de Champaigne (French, 1602-1674) King Charles II of England, 1653.\" In <em>The Paston Treasure: Microcosm of the Known World. </em>Andrew Moore, et al, 518-519. New Haven : Yale Center for British Art ; Norwich : Norfolk Museums Service ; New Haven ; London : Yale University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 518; Reproduced: p. 519", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dobson, Chris. <em>Beaten Black and Blue: The Myth of the Medieval Knight in Shining Armour</em>. Sant'Albano Stura, Italy: Chris Dobson, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 43, fig. 40", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.38", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.38/1959.38_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "893", "filesize": "406842", "filename": "1959.38_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.38/1959.38_print.jpg", "width": "2567", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5233656", "filename": "1959.38_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.38/1959.38_full.tif", "width": "4153", "height": "5500", "filesize": "68556504", "filename": "1959.38_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.38/1959.38_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "688", "height": "893", "filesize": "155556"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.38/1959.38_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2619", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2283715"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.38/1959.38_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5321", "height": "6906", "filesize": "110269584"}, "date_created": "2013-08-05T13:09:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.38/1959.38_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "893", "filesize": "144562"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.38/1959.38_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2567", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1928682"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.38/1959.38_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5193", "height": "6878", "filesize": "107182568"}, "date_created": "2013-08-05T13:03:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Armor Court", "athena_id": 135875, "creators": [{"id": 1891, "description": "Philippe de Champaigne (French, 1602\u20131674)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1602", "death_year": "1674", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-02-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1653, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1653", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Charles II", "Charles II, King of England"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:56:34.743000"}, {"id": 134430, "accession_number": "1956.87", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Illustrated Miraculous Origins of the Y\u016bz\u016b Nenbutsu School (\u878d\u901a\u5ff5\u4ecf\u7e01\u8d77\u7d75\u5dfb), early 1300s. Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333). Handscroll; ink, color, and gold on paper; painting: 29.7 x 1232.4 cm (11 11/16 x 485 3/16 in.); mounted: 30.3 x 1373.5 cm (11 15/16 x 540 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt, John L. Severance, and Edward L. Whittemore Funds, 1956.87", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "The Illustrated Miraculous Origins of the Y\u016bz\u016b Nenbutsu School", "title_in_original_language": "\u878d\u901a\u5ff5\u4ecf\u7e01\u8d77\u7d75\u5dfb", "creation_date": "early 1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1333, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink, color, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 29.7 x 1232.4 cm (11 11/16 x 485 3/16 in.); Mounted: 30.3 x 1373.5 cm (11 15/16 x 540 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.297, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 12.324, "width_inch": 485, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "mounted": {"height": 0.303, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 13.735, "width_inch": 540, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "<i>Japanese Decorative Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444680, "title": "Japanese Picture Scrolls", "description": "<i>Japanese Picture Scrolls</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (October 9-November 24, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-10-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442415, "title": "Journey of the Three Jewels: Japanese Buddhist Paintings in Western Collections", "description": "<i>Journey of the Three Jewels: Japanese Buddhist Paintings in Western Collections</i>. Asia House Galleries, New York City, NY (organizer) (October 11-December 9, 1979); Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (March 27-May 11, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-10-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309646, "title": "Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-May 1, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-03-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441933, "title": "Emaki", "description": "<i>Emaki</i>. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (organizer) (March 21-April 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-03-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 226559, "title": "Honen: The Life and Art of the Founder of the Pure Land Buddhist Sect", "description": "<i>Honen: The Life and Art of the Founder of the Pure Land Buddhist Sect</i>. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (organizer) (March 26-May 8, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 309312, "title": "Shinto: Discovering the Divine in Japanese Art \u795e\u9053\uff0d\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u6027\u306e\u767a\u898b", "description": "<i>Shinto: Discovering the Divine in Japanese Art \u795e\u9053\uff0d\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u6027\u306e\u767a\u898b</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-June 30, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 120)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 11-July 13, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Japanese Art</em>. Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas, Texas (October 4-November 30, 1969)", "opening_date": "1969-10-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Kashima Seibei [19th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1800s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Howard Hollis and Co., Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131956", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The other scroll from this two-scroll set belongs to the Art Institute of Chicago.", "description": "This painting is the second of a set of two illustrated handscrolls. The first scroll depicts the biography of the Japanese Buddhist monk Ry\u014dnin. 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[Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5; cat. no. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n17"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 277", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n301"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 277", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n301"}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces of Japanese Art; [Catalogue of the Exhibition] October 4 Through November 30, 1969, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts</em>. Dallas, TX: Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 374", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n394"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E, Ursula Korneitchouk, Michael R Cunningham, Ursula Korneitchouk, Cleveland Museum of Art, Japan House Gallery, Japan Society (New York, N.Y.), and Japan House Gallery. <em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 40\u201341, no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grotennuis, Elizabeth Ten. \"Visions of a Transcendent Realm: Pure Land Images in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 7 (1991): 274\u2013300.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 298, 274", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161334"}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara </em>[\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 96\u201397, cat. no. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 38\u201343, cat. no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sin\u00e9ad. \u201cShinto Masterworks: Rarely seen Japanese treasures offer encounters with the divine.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>59, no. 2 (March/April 2019): 30\u201331.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-02/page/n15/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sine\u0301ad, and Kevin Gray Carr. <em>Shinto: Discovery of the Divine in Japanese Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 256\u2013261, no. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murakami, Takashi, and Asian Art Museum of San Francisco. <em>Murakami: Unfamiliar People, Swelling of Monsterized Human Ego</em>. Edited by Laura W. Allen. 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Marlatt, John L. Severance, and Edward L. Whittemore Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134430, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-04-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Legends of the Yuzu Nembutsu Sect: Yuzu Nembutsu Engi", "Yuzu Nembutsu Engi: Efficacy of Repeated Invocations to the Amida Buddha"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.491000"}, {"id": 128067, "accession_number": "1950.86", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Buddha of the Future (Miroku Bosatsu) (\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u85a9\u50cf), late 600s. Japan, Asuka period (538\u2013710). Cast bronze, incised, with traces of gilding; overall: 45.8 cm (18 1/16 in.); figure: 39.4 cm (15 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1950.86", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Buddha of the Future (Miroku Bosatsu)", "title_in_original_language": "\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u85a9\u50cf", "creation_date": "late 600s", "creation_date_earliest": 675, "creation_date_latest": 699, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Asuka period (538\u2013710)"], "technique": "cast bronze, incised, with traces of gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 45.8 cm (18 1/16 in.); Figure: 39.4 cm (15 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.458, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "figure": {"height": 0.394, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. 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Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (September-October 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Japanese Art</em>. Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas, Texas (October 4-November 30, 1969)", "opening_date": "1969-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650) from The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Japan House Gallery, New York, NY (March 19-May 17, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Kansetsu Hashimoto \u6a4b\u672c\u95a2\u96ea [1883\u20131945] to Hollis and Company", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?by October 1936\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hollis and Company, Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "? after 1936\u20131950", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Sanskrit name of this being, Maitreya, derives from the Sanskrit word for friend, <em>mita</em>.", "description": "Buddhism was introduced to Japan in the sixth century. For early Japanese devotees, Buddhism offered the promise of salvation through faith in the Buddha of the Future, who would appear at the end of the world. The concept of eternal salvation held particular resonance with the Japanese aristocracy, who became the staunchest supporters of this new faith. Small sculptures like this one, with its gentle grace and powerful presence, were popular devotional objects.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79908456"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.86-buddha-of-the-future"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Edgell, George Harold. <em>Illustrated Catalogue of a Special Loan Exhibition of Art Treasures from Japan</em>. [Tokyo, Japan]: [Sanseido Press], 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tomita, Kojiro. \u201cThe Special Exhibition of Art Treasures from Japan.\u201d <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts</em>, vol. 34, no. 205, 1936, pp. 64\u201377.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/4170599"}, {"citation": "\u201cFront Matter.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 37, no. 10, 1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141669"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cA Miroku of the Suiko Period.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 37, no. 10, 1950, pp. 203\u2013204.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 203-204", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141670"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 896", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n158"}, {"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report of the Year 1958.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 46, no. 6 (June 1959): 111\u2013158.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bingham, Woodbridge, Hilary Conroy, and Frank William Ikle\u0301. <em>A History of Asia</em>. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1964.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 273", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n297"}, {"citation": "Mayuyama, Junkichi \u7e6d\u5c71\u9806\u5409. <em>Japanese Art in the West</em>. [Tokyo]: Mayuyama &amp; Co, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 341; Reproduced: p. 4, pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 273", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n297"}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces of Japanese Art; [Catalogue of the Exhibition] October 4 Through November 30, 1969, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts</em>. Dallas, TX: Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morant, Henry de, and Ge\u0301rald Gassiot-Talabot. <em>Histoire des arts de\u0301coratifs, des origines a\u0300 nos jours. Suivie de Le design et les tendances actuelles</em>. [Paris]: Hachette, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99, no. 176", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paine, Robert Treat, and Alexander Coburn Soper. <em>The Art and Architecture of Japan</em>. Harmondsworth, Eng: Penguin Books, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39; Reproduced: p. 38, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Sun</em>, no 21 (Winter 1977), Special Issue, \"Japanese Art in the World.\"", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 368", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n388"}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Eastern Gate : An Invitation to the Arts of China and Japan</em>. Cleveland: Collins, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 165 and 178", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shimizu, Zenzo \u6e05\u6c34\u5584\u4e09. \"Japanese Sculptures in America and Canada.\" <em>Ars Buddhica </em>\u4f5b\u6559\u85dd\u8853, no. 126, part I (September 1979), pp. 67\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., Michael R. Cunningham, and Ursula Korneitchouk. <em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 14\u201315, no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson.<em> Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 182\u2013183", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 86, pp. 80\u201381, p. 119; Reproduced: p. 81", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 72\u201373", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lin, Nancy. \"5000 Years of Korean Art: Exhibitions abroad as cultural diplomacy.\" <em>Journal of the History of Collections </em>Vol. 28, no. 3 (2016): 383-400.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 396, fig. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sin\u00e9ad. \"The Japanese Art Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1915-1951.\" In <em>Great Waves &amp; Mountains: Perspectives and Discoveries in Collecting the Arts of Japan. </em>Natsu Oyobe, and Allysa B. Peyton, eds., 160\u2013197. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 182\u2013183, fig. 7.17", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.86", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.86/1950.86_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "900", "filesize": "177555", "filename": "1950.86_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.86/1950.86_print.jpg", "width": "2591", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1172009", "filename": "1950.86_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.86/1950.86_full.tif", "width": "8243", "height": "10817", "filesize": "267519284", "filename": "1950.86_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.86/1950.86_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "900", "filesize": "186801"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.86/1950.86_alt0_print.jpg", 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "60c29a8c17404a6091342637987e2713", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/60c29a8c17404a6091342637987e2713", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128067, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-03-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 675, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 600s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Hanka-shiyui-zo: Miroku in Meditation", "Miroku Bodhisattva (Bosatsu) in Hanka-Shiyui Pose"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:57.601000"}, {"id": 124135, "accession_number": "1945.13", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sleep and Death Cista Handle, 400\u2013375 BCE. Etruscan. Bronze; with base: 18.5 x 18.3 cm (7 5/16 x 7 3/16 in.); without base: 14 x 17.4 cm (5 1/2 x 6 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1945.13", "current_location": null, "title": "Sleep and Death Cista Handle", "creation_date": "400\u2013375 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -400, "creation_date_latest": -375, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Etruscan"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Etruscan", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "with base: 18.5 x 18.3 cm (7 5/16 x 7 3/16 in.); without base: 14 x 17.4 cm (5 1/2 x 6 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"with base": {"height": 0.185, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.183, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "without base": {"height": 0.14, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.174, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "No Extent Specified": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 515721, "title": "Man and His World", "description": "<i>Man and His World</i>. Expo 67, Montreal, Canada (organizer) (April 27-October 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 692307, "title": "The Etruscans: From the Heart of Ancient Italy", "description": "<i>The Etruscans: From the Heart of Ancient Italy</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (May 2-September 20, 2026) https://www.famsf.org/exhibitions/etruscans-heart-ancient-italy.", "opening_date": "2026-05-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>An Exhibition of Small Bronzes of the Ancience World. </em>The Detroit Institute of Arts (March 23-May 23, 1947)", "opening_date": "1947-03-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Survey of Italian Art. </em>Seattle Art Museum (November 8 - December 8, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Man and His World.</em> International Fine Arts Exhibition, Expo '67, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (April 28 - October 27, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Gods Delight: The Human Figure in Classical Bronze</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (Nov. 16, 1988-Jan. 8, 1989); The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (Feb. 9 - April 9, 1989); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (May 9-July 9, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Cortlandt F. Bishop (1870-1935)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1935", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "[American Art Association, Cortlandt F. Bishop Sale 11/22/1935]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935-1935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Brummer Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935-1945", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These three figures were cast in eight separate pieces, then welded together and attached to the rectangular base.", "description": "Designed for attachment to the lid of a large bronze <em>cista</em>, a cylindrical lidded box, these three figures probably represent Sleep (Hypnos) and Death (Thanatos) holding the body of Sarpedon. A son of Zeus who helped to defend Troy from invading Greek forces, \"godlike Sarpedon of the brazen helmet\" fell at the hands of Patroclus, as told by Homer in Book XVI of the <em>Iliad</em>. Apollo then intervened to protect the body, removing it from danger and entrusting it to the two winged deities, as depicted here and in a number of other ancient artworks, Greek and Etruscan alike. If not Sarpedon, the fallen warrior could be Memnon, the son of Eos and Tithonos slain by Achilles.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761816"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.13-sleep-and-death-cist"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Castellani, Alessandro, and Paul Leroi. <em>Catalogue des Objets d'Art Antiques du Moyen-a\u0302ge et de la Renaissance De\u0301pendant de la Succession Alessandro Castellani.</em> [By Paul Leroi]. Paris, 1884.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 47, No. 282, pl. VIII.", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$c14317&seq=9"}, {"citation": "British Museum, and H. B. Walters. C<em>atalogue of the Bronzes, Greek, Roman, and Etruscan, in the Department of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum.</em> London: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1899.", "page_number": "Mentioned: nos. 555, 642, 643, 645, 748", "url": null}, {"citation": "Furtwa\u0308ngler, Adolf. <em>Die Antiken Gemmen; Geschichte der Steinschneidekunst im Klassischen Altertum</em>. Leipzig: Gesecke &amp; Devrient, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, p. 77, pl. XVI, no. 22; p. 83, pl. XVII, 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lowy, Emanuel. \"Fur Aithiopis,\"<em> Neue Jahrbucher fiir das klassische Altertum Geschichte und Deutsche Literatur und fur Paedagogik</em> 33 (1914): 81-94.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "https://archive.org/details/neuejahrbcherf33leipuoft/page/80/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Lamb, Winifred. <em>Greek and Roman Bronzes.</em> London: Methuen, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 188-194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lukomskii\u0306, G. K. <em>Art E\u0301trusque, E\u0301tude Illustre\u0301e Sur La Peinture Murale de Corneto-Tarquinia Suive, a\u0300 Titre Comparatif, d\u2019Un Choix d\u2019\u0152uvres Caracte\u0301ristiques Des Principaux Muse\u0301es d\u2019Europe</em>. Paris: E\u0301ditions Ducharte, 1930.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 75, 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levi, Doro. \"L'Arte Etrusca e Il Ritratto.\" <em>Dedalo </em>Vol. 13 (April 1933): 193-228.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Brummer Gallery Records. Cloisters (Museum), n.d.", "page_number": "N3599", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16028coll9/id/11859"}, {"citation": "Wunderlich, Silvia A. \u201cA Bronze Cista Handle.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 32, no. 4 (April 1945): 39\u201346.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 39-46", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141195"}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. <em>An Exhibition of Small Bronzes of the Ancient World.</em> [DETROIT, MICHIGAN]: [DETROIT Institute OF ARTS], 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9, no. 48; reproduced: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cArt and Archaeology at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Archaeology</em> 6, no. 4 (December 1953): 195\u2013202.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 197", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/41663172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n19"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n13"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Art Museum and Antiquity.\" <em>Apollo </em>vol. LXXVIII no. 22 (December 1963): 435-446.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 440-441, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n46"}, {"citation": "Schefold, Karl, and Ludwig Berger. <em>Die Griechen Und Ihre Nachbarn.</em> Berlin: Propyla\u0308en Verlag, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 325, no. 417; Reproduced: pl. 417", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Gallery of Canada, and Expo (International Exhibitions Bureau). <em>Terre Des Hommes: Exposition Internationale Des Beaux-Arts</em>, 28 Avril-27 Octobre 1967 = <em>Man and His World, International Fine Arts Exhibition,</em> Expo 67, Montreal, Canada, 28 April-27 October 1967. [Montre\u0301al]: [Expo 67], 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 304-305, no. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland],1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n44"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n46"}, {"citation": "Holloway, Ross R. \"Figure corazzate ed alate nell'Italia preromana.\" In <em>Miscellanea di studi classici in onore di Eugenio Manni, </em>1939-1944. <em> </em>Rome: Giorgio Bretschneider, 1979.", "page_number": "pp. 1939-1944, pl. IV, Fig. 4-5.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bothmer, D. von. \"The Death of Sarpedon.\" In <em>The Greek Vase: Papers Based on Lectures Presented to a Symposium Held at Hudson Valley Community College at Troy, New York in April of 1979. </em>Stephen L. Hyatt, Ed., 63-80. Latham, N.Y.: The Association, 1981.", "page_number": "Menytioned: p. 78; Reproduced: fig. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., David Gordon Mitten, and Suzannah Fabing.<em> The Gods Delight: The Human Figure in Classical Bronze</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 244-249, no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"Bronzenstatuetten der Antke.\" <em>Kunst und Antiquitaten </em>(January 1989): 30-33.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. <em>Classical Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection, the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Museum, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 10, fig. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cCalendar.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 131, no. 1032 (March 1989): 248\u2013252.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 251, no. 84", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/883696"}, {"citation": "Young, Mahonri Sharp. \u201cLetter from the U.S.A.: By the Tyrrhenian Sea.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 129 (January 1989):57-59.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 58, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tassel, Janet. \"Mighty Midgets.\" <em>Harvard Magazine </em>91, no. 5 (May-June 1989): 28-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"La Figure Humaine dans les Bronzes Antiques.\" <em>Archeologia </em>248 (July-August 1989): 54-61.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n23"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: No. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Cleveland Museum of Art. Masterpieces from East and West. </em>New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bothmer, Dietrich von. \"Sarpedon,\" in <em>Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC),</em> vol. VII, pt. 1. Zu\u0308rich: Artemis, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 696-700, no. 15.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murphy, Darlene W. <em>The Praenestine Cistae Handles</em>. Dettelbach: Ro\u0308ll, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 5, 131-132, no. 5001, p. 205, pl. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 17, no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 36-37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterfield, Robin, and Kathryn Waterfield. <em>The Greek Myths: Stories of the Greek Gods and Heroes Vividly Retold</em>. London: Quercus, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 226", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 84-85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tortora, Phyllis G., and Sara B. Marcketti. <em>Survey of Historic Costume</em>. 2016. .", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44, fig. 4.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spivey, Nigel Jonathan. <em>The Sarpedon Krater: The Life and Afterlife of a Greek Vase</em>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 173-174, fig. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pevnick, Seth. \u201cFour Curators, Four Favorites.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>62, no. 2 (2022): 28.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 28.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2022-02/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.13", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.13/1945.13_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "716", "filesize": "114276", "filename": "1945.13_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.13/1945.13_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2703", "filesize": "1234461", "filename": "1945.13_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.13/1945.13_full.tif", "width": "13398", "height": "10650", "filesize": "428093952", "filename": 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"height": "3863", "filesize": "49880164"}, "date_created": "2008-04-23T14:47:18", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124135, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1945-01-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u2013375 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:24:14.273000"}, {"id": 102417, "accession_number": "1921.106", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Catherine with a Kneeling Male Donor, 1400s. France, Poitou, Melle, 15th century. Pot metal, white glass with silver stain; overall: 158.7 x 49.2 cm (62 1/2 x 19 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1921.106", "current_location": "110B Late Gothic", "title": "Saint Catherine with a Kneeling Male Donor", "creation_date": "1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1499, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Poitou, Melle, 15th century"], "technique": "pot metal, white glass with silver stain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Overall: 158.7 x 49.2 cm (62 1/2 x 19 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.587, "height_inch": 62, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.492, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry C. Lawrence (American Art Galleries sale, 24 January 1921, cat. #383).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When donors commissioned art during the medieval period, they often requested their image to be included alongside the divine figures. This anonymous kneeling figure paid for this stained glass window, creating a visual reminder of his generosity and piety.", "description": "This panel was originally part of a much larger composition. Saint Catherine stands behind a donor, a cleric, who faces a missing scene representing either the Crucifixion or the standing Virgin, which would have formed the object of the donor\u2019s devotion. In the lower right corner an inscription identifies the donor as rector de Melle, a clergyman in charge of the parish of the town of Melle in western France. The panel must have been commissioned for a church in this town with which the donor was affiliated. A scroll near the donor reads Miserere mei deus (God have mercy on me).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752844"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1921.106-saint-catherine-with"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1921.106", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.106/1921.106_web.jpg", "width": "392", "height": "893", "filesize": "91861", "filename": "1921.106_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.106/1921.106_print.jpg", "width": "1492", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1170099", "filename": "1921.106_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1921.106/1921.106_full.tif", "width": "2890", "height": "6585", "filesize": "57120500", "filename": "1921.106_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 102417, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1921-02-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:31:54.744000"}, {"id": 134236, "accession_number": "1956.718", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Claire Campbell, 1876. \u00c9douard Manet (French, 1832\u20131883). Pastel with oil on fine-weave canvas; unframed: 55.2 x 45.7 cm (21 3/4 x 18 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Fanny Tewksbury King Collection, 1956.718", "current_location": "004 Special Exhibition Gallery", "title": "Claire Campbell", "creation_date": "1876", "creation_date_earliest": 1876, "creation_date_latest": 1876, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Pastel with oil on fine-weave canvas", "support_materials": [{"description": "fabric, nailed to wooden stretcher", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Unframed: 55.2 x 45.7 cm (21 3/4 x 18 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.552, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.457, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, lower left, in light gray pastel: Manet [partially underlined]; lower left, in light blue pastel: 1876", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 200460, "title": "Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 20, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283693, "title": "Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 668924, "title": "Manet & Morisot", "description": "<i>Manet & Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (March 29-July 5, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-10-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition des oeuvres de \u00c9douard Manet</em>. \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, Paris (January 1884).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Manet: Trente-cinq tableaux de la collection Pellerin. </em>Moderne Galerie, Munich (1910); Paul Cassirer Gallery, Berlin (March 24 - April 24, 1910); Bernheim Jeune &amp; Cie., Paris (June 1910).", "opening_date": "1910-03-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Manet and the Post-Impressionists</em>. Grafton Gallery, London (November 8, 1910 - January 15, 1911).", "opening_date": "1910-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by Contemporary French Artists at the Galleries of M. Knoedler &amp; Co</em>. Knoedler &amp; Co., New York (January 5 - 29, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by Edouard Manet, Berthe Morisot, and Pierre Auguste Renoir</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art (December 9, 1924 - January 15, 1925).", "opening_date": "1924-12-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Claire Campbell", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Exposition des oeuvres de \u00c9douard Manet (Paris: \u00c9cole nationale des beaux-arts, 1884), no. 131.</div>"], "date": "1882 - at least 1884", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Auguste Pellerin [1853\u20131929], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1884 - by 1910", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(purchased jointly from him by Bernheim-Jeune, Paris; Paul Cassirer, Berlin; and Durand-Ruel, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Manet: Trente-cinq tableaux de la collection Pellerin (Paris: Bernheim Jeune et Cie, 1910), no. 23.</div>"], "date": "1911", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(transferred to Durand-Ruel, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1911 - 1916", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., sold to Mr. and Mrs. Ralph King, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Ralph Thrall [1855\u20131926] and Fanny Tewksbury [1867\u20131949] King, Cleveland, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-1956", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1956-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Edouard Manet almost always depicted the subjects of his pastel portraits against plain colored backgrounds, as seen in this work.", "description": "During the late 1870s, Edouard Manet began to experience health problems that made it difficult for him to work in oil painting. Instead, he began to draw using pastel, a powdery medium that allowed him to render line and color with each stroke. This work is one of numerous portraits that Manet created around this time with the medium. It depicts Claire Campbell, a fashionable young British woman whose father published <em>The Daily Telegraph</em>, a British newspaper. Manet used the velvety texture of pastel to render the subject's skin and hair, limiting his palette to mostly neutral tones such as white, gray, and black.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026742"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.718-claire-campbell"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Exposition des oeuvres de E\u0301douard Mane</em>t. Exh. Cat. Paris: \u00c9cole nationale des Beaux-Arts, 1884.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62, no. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Manet: trente-cinq tableaux de la collection Pellerin</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Bernheim Jeune et Cie, 1910.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Manet and the Post-Impressionists</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Grafton Galleries, 1910.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, no. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duret, Th\u00e9odore. <em>Manet and the French Impressionists</em>. trans. J.E. Crawford Flitch. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1910.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 264, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Edouard Manet, Sammlung Pellerin, Paris</em>. Exh. Cat. Berlin: Paul Cassirer: 1910.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waldmann, E. \"\u00c9douard Manet. Aus der Sammlung Pellerin.\" <em>Kunst und Kunstler</em> 8 (May 1910).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 401", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by Contemporary French Artists at the Galleries of M. Knoedler &amp; Co.</em> Exh. Cat. New York: Knoedler, 1916.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 48", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/api/collection/p15324coll8/id/7135/download"}, {"citation": "\"Recent Changes in the Painting Galleries.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 5, no. 2/3 (1918): 22-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136174"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"French Impressionists and Post-Impressionists at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Arts</em> 2 (November 1921): 68-70.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Forthuny, Pascal. \"A propos de l'exposition des impressioninistes et post-impressionnistes fran\u00e7ais au mus\u00e9e de Cleveland,\" <em>Bulletin de la vie artistique </em>3, no. 4 (1922): 94-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duret, Th\u00e9odore. <em>Histoire de Edouard Manet et de son oeuvre</em>. Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 286, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moreau-N\u00e9laton, \u00c9tienne. <em>Manet racont\u00e9 par lui-m\u00eame</em>. Paris: Henri Laurens, 1926", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. II, p. 98, 136, 143, 146; Reproduced: vol. II, p. 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 161", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."}, {"citation": "Tabarant, A. <em>Manet, histoire catalographique</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions Montaigne, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 448, no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blanche, Jacques Emile. \"Les Pastels de Manet.\" <em>Formes</em> 24 (April 1932): 254-55.", "page_number": "Reproduced: between pp. 254 and 255", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jamot, Paul and Georges Wildenstein. <em>Manet</em>. Paris: Beaux-Arts, 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. I, p. 182, no. 527", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rey, Robert. <em>Manet</em>. trans. Eveline Byam Shaw. Paris: Hyperion, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Edouard Manet Pastels</em>. Oxford: Cassirer, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tabarant, A. <em>Manet et ses oeuvres</em>. Paris: Gallimard, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 277, 395, 492, 545", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 498", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n91"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n196"}, {"citation": "Venturi, Marcello. <em>L'opera pittorica di Edouard Manet</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 410", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n196"}, {"citation": "Rouart, Denis and Daniel Wildenstein. <em>Edouard Manet, catalogue raisonn\u00e9</em>. Lausanne: Biblioth\u00e8que des Arts, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 26, no. 70, frontispiece", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n231"}, {"citation": "Robins, Anna Gruetzner. \"'Manet and the Post-Impressionists': A Checklist of Exhibits.\" <em>Burlington Magazine </em>152 (December 2010): 782-93.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 784", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 136-137, no. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brown, Heather Lemonedes. \"Manet &amp; Morisot Pastels.\" In <em>Manet &amp; Morisot</em>. Emily Beeny, Heather Lemonedes Brown, Anne Higonnet, Kimberly A. Jones, Nicole R. Myers, et al., 209-221. San Francisco, New Haven: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Yale University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 209-212, 219-221; Reproduced: p. 136, no. 54", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Rouart and Wildenstein 70", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.718", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_web.jpg", "width": "741", "height": "900", "filesize": "179451", "filename": "1956.718_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_print.jpg", "width": "2799", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3937897", "filename": "1956.718_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_full.tif", "width": "11421", "height": "13872", "filesize": "475325580", "filename": "1956.718_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "900", "filesize": "232750"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2671", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3263842"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5291", "height": "6736", "filesize": "106950520"}, "date_created": "2017-05-09T15:01:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "739", "height": "900", "filesize": "169515"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2792", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2888664"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5581", "height": "6796", "filesize": "113814872"}, "date_created": "2016-10-14T15:22:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "893", "filesize": "457579"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1870", "filesize": "1160855"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.718/1956.718_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1870", "filesize": "8620132"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Fanny Tewksbury King Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Kelvin and Eleanor Smith Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 134236, "creators": [{"id": 1796, "description": "\u00c9douard Manet (French, 1832\u20131883)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born into a wealthy family, \u00c9douard Manet was encouraged in his artistic curiosity by his uncle and often visited the Louvre with his college friend Antonin Proust. Initially, however, Manet wanted to pursue a naval career. It was not until he failed the entrance exams for the naval academy that he decided to pursue a career as an artist. In 1850 he entered the studio of Couture (q.v.), whose reputation had risen sharply after exhibiting his Romans of the Decadence (Salon 1847, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). Couture wanted to circumvent conventional academic training and combined traditional painting methods with new techniques-for example, allowing underpaint to form an intrinsic part of the final composition, which resulted in a sketchy appearance. Manet would absorb this technique into his work. He had no strict need to sell his artwork; rather, he longed for recognition as an artist. He responded to Charles Baudelaire's call to young artists to paint contemporary life rather than antiquity and take a distanced point of view, because, as Baudelaire stated in his article The Painter of Modern Life (published in Le Figaro, 1863), objectivity is more sincere and honest. In 1863 the Salon jury rejected more than half of the five thousand works submitted, including Manet's D\u00e9jeuner sur l'herbe (Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). In response to the conservative jury of that year, Napoleon III, in an effort to appease the artists as well as discourage antigovernment sentiment, organized the Salon des Refus\u00e9s, which took place in the Palais des Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es two weeks after the opening of the official Salon. The painting caused a formidable succ\u00e8s de scandale both for its technique and subject matter. The majority of the people failed to understand that the artist wanted to translate the conventions of the Old Masters into a new idiom that would reflect contemporary society. Two years later the scandal was repeated when Manet's Olympia (Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris) was accepted into the Salon of 1865. This time the jury was more lenient because fewer academicians were among its members. Even though his work often received severe criticism, Manet continued to submit works to the Salon, which he felt was the only legitimate place to compete and prove himself as an artist. At the time of the Universal Exposition in Paris in 1867, Manet, following Courbet's (q.v.) lead set in 1855, organized his own pavilion next to the Exposition where he showed more than fifty paintings. \u00c9mile Zola, the French writer and critic who may have collaborated with Manet in writing the preface for his one-man exhibition, recognized his talent and modernity. Zola rejected academic painting of the day, including Alexandre Cabanel's (1823-1889) The Birth of Venus (Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris), which not only won the gold medal at the Salon of 1863 but was purchased by Napoleon III. Zola vehemently defended Manet against harsh criticism and exalted him as the greatest painter of the nineteenth century. Manet painted a portrait of Zola (Salon 1868, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris) that reflected the artist's interest in Japanese prints as well as photography. By the 1870s Manet's palette had lightened and his brushwork became freer and more sketchy. These new features in his painting technique may have resulted from his contact with the younger impressionist group that began exhibiting as such in 1874. Although Manet was friendly with its members and sympathized with their goals, he never exhibited with them and continued to show his paintings at the official Salon. Manet was truly innovative in depicting subjects of urban life. However, during his lifetime he enjoyed little support, and it was not until the impressionists gained general recognition that Manet was acknowledged as a truly modern painter. Henri Matisse (1869-1954) would express his immense admiration for Manet as follows: \"He was the first to act by reflex, thus simplifying the painter's m\u00e9tier, . . . Manet was direct as could be.\"1 1. Matisse in L'Intransigeant (25 January 1932), cited in Manet 1832-1883, 18.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1832", "death_year": "1883", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1876, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1876", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mademoiselle Claire Campbell", "Mlle. Claire Campbell"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:52:25.094000"}, {"id": 136682, "accession_number": "1961.220", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Catherine Grey, Lady Manners, 1794. Thomas Lawrence (British, 1769\u20131830). Oil on canvas; framed: 280.5 x 185 x 9 cm (110 7/16 x 72 13/16 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 255.3 x 158 cm (100 1/2 x 62 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John D. Rockefeller Jr., 1961.220", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Catherine Grey, Lady Manners", "creation_date": "1794", "creation_date_earliest": 1794, "creation_date_latest": 1794, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 280.5 x 185 x 9 cm (110 7/16 x 72 13/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 255.3 x 158 cm (100 1/2 x 62 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.805, "height_inch": 110, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.85, "width_inch": 72, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 2.553, "height_inch": 100, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.58, "width_inch": 62, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441904, "title": "The Swagger Portrait", "description": "<i>The Swagger Portrait</i>. Tate, London SW1P 4RG (organizer) (October 14, 1992-January 10, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-10-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224007, "title": "Thomas Lawrence: Regency, Power & Brilliance", "description": "<i>Thomas Lawrence: Regency, Power & Brilliance</i>. Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, CT (organizer) (February 24-June 5, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-02-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1794).", "opening_date": "1794-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Woman and Child in Art</em>. National Gallery, London, United Kingdom (1913-1914).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "property of the artist, Sir Thomas Lawrence [1769-1830]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1794-1830", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, London Sir Thomas Lawrence sale, June 18, 1831, no. 147, purchased by Samuel Woodburn)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1831", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Samuel Woodburn; sold to Frederick John Fifth Baron Monson", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1831-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Frederick John, Fifth Baron Monson [died 1841], and his heirs, Gatton Park, Surrey; sold at Christie's, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->correspondence among the Monson papers now deposited in the Lincoln County archives</div>"], "date": "?-1888", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, May 12, 1888, no. 21, sold to Davis)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Davis", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1888", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "William, Fifth Earl of Carysfort", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1888-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Lady Carysfort; by descent to her nephew Douglas James Proby", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Colonel Douglas James Proby, Elton Hall, Huntingdonshire", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Duveen Brothers)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919-?", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Jules S. Bach, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924-?", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "John D. Rockefeller, Jr. [1874-1960]; by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1960", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Catherine was an Irish poet who wrote of longing to escape the fashionable world.", "description": "The Irish poet Lady Manners rejected as \u201cunflattering\u201d this portrait representing her as the goddess Juno, symbolized here by the peacock. Thomas Lawrence exhibited the painting at the Royal Academy in 1794 with the label \u201cto be disposed of [sold],\u201d but it was still in the artist\u2019s collection when he died. Though it offended Lady Manners, the painting displays all the hallmarks of Lawrence\u2019s flamboyant style:dazzling, fluid brushwork and an innovative use of unconventional colors that helped secure his role as the most fashionable portrait painter in turn-of-the-century Britain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465933"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.220-portrait-of-catherin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williams, John. <em>Memoirs of the Royal Academicians; Being an Attempt to Improve the National Taste.</em> [London]: H.D. Symonds, P. M'Queen, and T. Bellamy, 1796.", "page_number": "Mentioned:P. 28, no. 173", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t8qc09z12"}, {"citation": "Redford, George. <em>Art Sales. A History of Sales of Pictures and Other Works of Art. With Notices of the Collections Sold, Names of Owners, Titles of Pictures, Prices and Purchasers, Arranged Under the Artists of the Different Schools in Order of Date. Including the Purchases and Prices of Pictures for the National Gallery</em>. London, United Kindgom: Bradbury, Agnew, &amp; Co., Printers, the \"Whitefriars\" Press, 1888.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 454, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gower, Ronald Sutherland, and Algernon Graves. <em>Sir Thomas Lawrence, With a Catalogue of the Artist's Exhibited and Engraved Works</em>. London, United Kingdom: Goupil, J. Boussod, Manzi, Joyant, successors, 1900.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 454", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904</em>. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Walter. <em>Lawrence</em>. New York,, NY: C. Scribner's, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129; Reproduced: p. 150, pl. XIV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>Art Sales from Early in the Eighteenth Century to Early in the Twentieth Century (Mostly Old Master and Early English Pictures).</em> London: A. Graves, 1918.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, P. 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Farington, Joseph, and James Greig. <em>The Farington Diary</em>. London, United Kingdom: Hutchinson, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Proby, Douglas James, Tancred Borenius, James Vaughan Hodgson, and Granville Proby. <em>A Catalogue of the Pictures at Elton Hall in Huntingdonshire, in the Possession of Colonel Douglas James Proby</em>. London, United Kingdom: Medici Society, 1924.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garlick, Kenneth. <em>Sir Thomas Lawrence</em>. London, United Kingdom : Routledge &amp; Paul,1954.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88, pl. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saarinen, Aline B. <em>The Proud Possessors: The Lives, Times, and Tastes of Some Adventurous American Art Collectors</em>. New York, NY: Random House, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 349", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d October 11, 1961, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0811"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Portrait of the Countess of Dysart as Juno,\u201d October 26, 1961, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0823"}, {"citation": "Garlick, Kenneth. \"A Catalogue of the Paintings, Drawings, and Pastels of Sir Thomas Lawrence.\" The Walpole Society, XXXIX (1962-64)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cLady Louisa Manners, Later Countess of Dysart, as Juno.\u201d <em>Gazette Des Beaux Arts</em>, February 1962, sup36.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n215"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200; Reproduced: p. 201", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Uerlings, Herbert, Karl Ho\u0308lz, and Viktoria Schmidt-Linsenhoff. <em>Das Subjekt und die Anderen: Interkulturalita\u0308t und Geschlechterdifferenz vom 18. Jahrhundert bis zur Gegenwart</em>. Berlin, Germany: Erich Schmidt, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenthal, Angela. 2004. \u201cVisceral Culture: Blushing and the Legibility of Whiteness in Eighteenth-Century British Portraiture.\u201d <em>Art History</em> 27 (4): 563\u201392.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 576-578; reproduced: P. 577", "url": null}, {"citation": "Badea-Pa\u0306un, Gabriel. <em>The Society Portrait: From David to Warhol</em>. New York, NY: Vendome Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56-58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bindman, David, Tim Ayers, and Chris Stephens. <em>The History of British Art</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for British Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108, fig. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palmer, Caroline. \"Brazen Cheek: Face-Painters in Late Eighteenth-Century England.\" <em>Oxford Art Journal</em> 31, no. 2 (2008): 197-213.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 209; reproduced: P. 211", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20108020."}, {"citation": "Albinson, A. Cassandra, Peter Funnell, and Lucy Peltz. <em>Thomas Lawrence: Regency Power &amp; Brilliance</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for British Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118-119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 194-195", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Montgomery, Janelle. \"Every Picture Tells a Story: A Family Chronicle in George Romney's <em>Lady Mary Every.</em>\" <em>Transactions of the Romney Society </em>21, (2016).<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4-11; Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Day, C.A., et. al. \"Thomas Lawrence's Consumptive Chic: Reinterpretting Lady Manners Hectic Flush in 1794.\" Eighteenth-Century Studies 49, no. 4 (Summer 2016).", "page_number": "Mentioned: 455-474; Reproduced: p. 456, fig. 1", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.220", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.220/1961.220_web.jpg", "width": "551", "height": "893", "filesize": "320390", "filename": "1961.220_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.220/1961.220_print.jpg", "width": "2097", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4420661", "filename": "1961.220_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.220/1961.220_full.tif", "width": "4704", "height": "7628", "filesize": "107677908", "filename": "1961.220_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of John D. Rockefeller Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 136682, "creators": [{"id": 2515, "description": "Thomas Lawrence (British, 1769\u20131830)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1769", "death_year": "1830", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-10-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1794, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1794", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Catherine Gray, Lady Manners", "Lady Louisa (Tollemache) Manners (1745-1840), Later Countess of Dysart, as Juno", "Lady Louisa Manners, later Countess of Dysart, as Juno"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:58:40.772000"}, {"id": 101363, "accession_number": "1920.1976", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fragment of an Inlay Headdress, c. 1353\u20131295 BCE. Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18. Lavender blue faience with deep blue overglaze; overall: 6.7 x 7.7 x 2.8 cm (2 5/8 x 3 1/16 x 1 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1920.1976", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Fragment of an Inlay Headdress", "creation_date": "c. 1353\u20131295 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1353, "creation_date_latest": -1295, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18"], "technique": "lavender blue faience with deep blue overglaze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 6.7 x 7.7 x 2.8 cm (2 5/8 x 3 1/16 x 1 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.067, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.077, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.028, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 207517, "title": "Gifts of the Nile: Ancient Egyptian Faience", "description": "<i>Gifts of the Nile: Ancient Egyptian Faience</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 10-July 5, 1998); Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, RI (August 25, 1998-January 3, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Said to come from el-Amarna. Purchased from P. Kytikas, Cairo, through Howard Carter", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["3943.20"], "did_you_know": "It has been suggested that this fragment was part of a headdress that belonged to a queen. The fine, carved details of this headdress attest to the great skill of its maker and the luster of the blue lapis lazuli faience would have been appropriate for Egyptian royalty.", "description": "This fragment is part of the curled headdress of an inlay figure, probably of a queen, assembled of various materials fit together like the pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. The front part of the headdress (directly over the forehead) is to the left, followed by the ear tab and part of the cutout above the ear. The luster of the faience is marvelously preserved. Blue, primarily associated with lapis lazuli, was an appropriate color for kings' and gods' hair and was part of the apparatus signaling them as otherworldly beings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753875"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.1976-fragment-of-an-inlay"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cooney, John D. \u201cAmarna Art in the Cleveland Museum.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 1 (January 1968): 2\u201317.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 16, fig. 16", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152189"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 306; Mentioned: p. 306-307", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vandenbeusch, Marie, Aude Semat, and Margaret Maitland. <em>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art ; London : The British Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 163, fig. 72", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1920.1976", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1976/1920.1976_web.jpg", "width": "1228", "height": "893", "filesize": "543947", "filename": "1920.1976_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1976/1920.1976_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2472", "filesize": "3856566", "filename": "1920.1976_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1976/1920.1976_full.tif", "width": "3919", "height": "2849", "filesize": "33526524", "filename": "1920.1976_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 101363, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1920-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1353, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1353\u20131295 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:28:55.216000"}, {"id": 125978, "accession_number": "1948.206", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tea Bowl (\u5efa\u7aaf\u8336\u76de), 1100s\u20131200s. China, Fujian province, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279). Stoneware with black \u201chare\u2019s fur\u201d glaze and metal-bound rim, Jian ware; diameter: 17.8 cm (7 in.); overall: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1948.206", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Tea Bowl", "title_in_original_language": "\u5efa\u7aaf\u8336\u76de", "creation_date": "1100s\u20131200s", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1299, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Fujian province, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)"], "technique": "Stoneware with black \u201chare\u2019s fur\u201d glaze and metal-bound rim, Jian ware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Song Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 17.8 cm (7 in.); Overall: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.178, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "overall": {"height": 0.087, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 520087, "title": "Tea Taste in Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Tea Taste in Japanese Art</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (February 20-April 21, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-02-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 30-September 5, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-30T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Dikran G. Kelekian [1867\u20131951], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131948", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The reddish-brown streaks and spots have been affectionately termed \"hare's fur\" among connoisseurs.", "description": "Due to its exceptional size, this Fujian tea bowl is rather rare. The enjoyment of Jian ware rests with the glaze transmutation due to iron in the glaze, which developed into reddish-brown streaks and spots against a rich black glaze after firing. Connoisseurs called these iron formations \"hare\u2019s fur\" marks, and the ware was very popular with the tea cultures in China and Japan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778927"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.206-tea-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Tea Taste in Japanese Art</em>. New York, NY: The Asia House Gallery, dist. by H. Abrams, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 9, p. 96; Reproduced: cat. no. 9, p. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 108, no. 112", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125978, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-07-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1100s\u20131200s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tea Bowl:  Chien Ware"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:31:13.007000"}, {"id": 133111, "accession_number": "1955.51", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Agni, God of Fire, c. 1000. India, Uttar Pradesh. Sandstone; overall: 73 x 40.6 cm (28 3/4 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. 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Agni\u2019s mount is the goat, and together they preside over the Southeast. In the upper registers, Brahmans perform fire sacrifice, preach to disciples, and practice \"hot yoga.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80025313"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.51-agni-god-of-fire"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cPart II. 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Nothing is permanent beneath the firmament, But above us triumphs Eternity.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition in Honor of 50th Anniversary of the Baltimore Museum of Art. Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (March 3-April 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chefs d'oeuvre de la tapisserie du XIVe au XVIe siecle. Grand Palais, Paris, France (October 26, 1973- January 7, 1974); Masterpieces of Tapestry. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (February 7-April 19, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 113 tapestry rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 20, 2012- ).", "opening_date": "2012-11-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "one of set of three allegorical tapestries from the Chateau de Chaumont until 1907; Duveen Collection, New York, in 1925; Clarence H. 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Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n98"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 338-339", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n365"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n98"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n105"}, {"citation": "Seaton, Douglass. <em>Ideas and Styles in the Western Musical Tradition</em>. 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Ugolino di Nerio (Italian). Tempera and gold on wood panel; framed: 122.2 x 200.3 x 8.9 cm (48 1/8 x 78 7/8 x 3 1/2 in.); overall: 122.5 x 192.5 cm (48 1/4 x 75 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1961.40", "current_location": "110A Italian Gothic", "title": "Virgin and Child with Saints", "creation_date": "c. 1320", "creation_date_earliest": 1320, "creation_date_latest": 1325, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 122.2 x 200.3 x 8.9 cm (48 1/8 x 78 7/8 x 3 1/2 in.); Overall: 122.5 x 192.5 cm (48 1/4 x 75 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.222, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 2.003, "width_inch": 78, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.089, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "overall": {"height": 1.225, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.925, "width_inch": 75, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. 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Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n78"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n78"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 46, p. 130 - 132", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n83"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 258-259, no. 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 268", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Giura, Giovanni.<em> San Francesco di Asciano: opere, fonti e contesti per la storia della Toscana francescana</em>.Firenze: Mandragora, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 128; Reproduced: p. 129, III.43", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "577", "filesize": "230864", "filename": "1961.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2179", "filesize": "2705985", "filename": "1961.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_full.tif", "width": "13912", "height": "8914", "filesize": "372065236", "filename": "1961.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "580", "filesize": "184349"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2191", "filesize": "2152935"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13834", "height": "8914", "filesize": "369978384"}, "date_created": "2026-04-28T10:31:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "836", "filesize": "603877"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2250", "filesize": "4065815"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7358", "height": "4870", "filesize": "107532344"}, "date_created": "2006-12-05T19:50:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "813", "filesize": "845002"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2189", "filesize": "5396253"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3219", "filesize": "48319128"}, "date_created": "2006-11-07T21:10:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "579", "filesize": "220895"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2189", "filesize": "1731937"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3219", "filesize": "48340532"}, "date_created": "2006-11-07T21:10:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "822", "filesize": "836816"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2213", "filesize": "4941689"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.40/1961.40_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3255", "filesize": "48843008"}, "date_created": "2005-10-27T17:10:15", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Horvitz Gallery", "athena_id": 136922, "creators": [{"id": 2352, "description": "Ugolino di Nerio (Italian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-02-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1320, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1320", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Polyptych: Madonna and Child with St. Francis, St. John the Baptist, St. James the Great, and Mary Magdalen"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:28.079000"}, {"id": 148214, "accession_number": "1975.2", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Harlequin with Violin, 1918. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil on canvas; framed: 171 x 132 x 7.5 cm (67 5/16 x 51 15/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 142.2 x 100.3 cm (56 x 39 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1975.2. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Harlequin with Violin", "creation_date": "1918", "creation_date_earliest": 1918, "creation_date_latest": 1918, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 171 x 132 x 7.5 cm (67 5/16 x 51 15/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 142.2 x 100.3 cm (56 x 39 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.71, "height_inch": 67, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.32, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.422, "height_inch": 56, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.003, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"Picasso / Montrouge 18\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302170, "title": "Year in Review: 1975", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1975</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 3-March 7, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-02-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442780, "title": "Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (May 22-September 16, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211314, "title": "Picasso and Theatre (Parade, Pulcinella, Mercure)", "description": "<i>Picasso and Theatre (Parade, Pulcinella, Mercure)</i>. Museu Picasso (organizer) (November 19, 1996-January 23, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-11-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211307, "title": "Picasso and the Circus", "description": "<i>Picasso and the Circus</i>. Museu Picasso, Barcelona, Spain (organizer) (November 15, 2006-February 18, 2007); Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, Switzerland (March 9-June 10, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 221994, "title": "Picasso: The Great War, Experimentation, and Change", "description": "<i>Picasso: The Great War, Experimentation, and Change</i>. The Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia, PA (February 21-May 9, 2016); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (June 10-September 11, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-02-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283589, "title": "Picasso: The Artist and His Models", "description": "<i>Picasso: The Artist and His Models</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (November 5, 2016-February 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 287321, "title": "Pablo Picasso between Cubism and Classicism, 1915-1925", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso between Cubism and Classicism, 1915-1925</i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1966).", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sold to Paul Rosenberg, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John Quinn [1870-1924] New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Paul Roseneberg, Paris, France and New York, NY, by 1937)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1937-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Alexandre Rosenberg, New York, NY, 1975, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Picasso associated himself with the character Harlequin, a jokester from the popular commedia dell'arte, a happy-go-lucky and nimble sprite, juggler, and conjurer in whom Picasso recognized his own artistic abilities.", "description": "The diamond-patterned costume and triangular hat identify the musician in this painting as one of Pablo Picasso\u2019s alter egos, Harlequin, a jokester from the popular commedia dell\u2019arte (a theatrical form in which a cast of colorful stock characters spoke in improvised dialogue).The phrase <em>Si tu veux </em>(\u201cIf you wish\u201d) on the music sheet may refer to a contemporary popular song that began, \"If you wish, Marguerite, make me happy by giving me your heart.\u201d The inclusion of this lyric may refer to Picasso\u2019s marriage to Russian ballerina Olga Khokhlova the year this painting was made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472774"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Barr, Alfred H. <em>Picasso: Forty Years of His Art</em>. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, John. <em>Picasso: an American Tribute. [Exhibition] April 25-May 12, 1962</em>. New York, NY: Public Education Association, in cooperation with Chanticleer Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: in color, part III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d February 18, 1975, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2234"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cPicasso: Harlequin with Violin (Si Tu Veux).\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 1 (January 1976): 1\u201311.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, p. 4, fig. 5; Mentioned: p. 2-11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152619"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1975.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 2 (February 1976): 31\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48; Mentioned: p. 70, no. 139", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 242", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n262"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cTwo New Cubist Paintings by Juan Gris and Pablo Picasso.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 2 (February 1981): 39\u201350.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 39-40, fig. 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159711"}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \u201cThree Guitars: Reflections of Italian Comedy in Watteau, Daumier, and Picasso.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 4 (April 1984): 116\u201329.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159858"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 49, pl. IV; Mentioned and reproduced: P. 116, no. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cA \u2018Memento Mori\u2019 by Picasso.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 8 (October 1988): 320\u2013327.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 323-324, fig. 6", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160045"}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Brigitte Le\u0301al, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. <em>Picasso and Things: The Still Lifes of Picasso.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P.184, fig. 71a", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 297", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Keller, Mariah, Simonetta Fraquelli, Kenneth E. Silver, Elizabeth Cowling, and Dominique H. Vasseur. <em>Picasso: The Great War, Experimentation, and Change</em>. New York, NY: Scala, 2016", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Shields, Chris. \"A New Model.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em>, (Nov. 2016): 70-77.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berggruen, Olivier. <em>Picasso: tra cubismo e classicismo: 1915-1925</em>. Milano : Skira, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 105, pl. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berggruen, Olivier, ed. <em>Picasso: Between Cubism and Classicism 1915-1925.</em> Milano, Italy: Skira, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 105, no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Harlequin with Violin: A new take on Picasso's mysterious painting.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 4 (July/August 2017): 16-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 16; Mentioned: P. 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-04/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Fifty Years of Modern Art, 1916-1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 9", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.2", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 148214, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-02-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1918, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1918", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:40.047000"}, {"id": 121697, "accession_number": "1942.1511", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Leaf from a Lectionary with St. Luke, 1057\u20131063. Byzantium, Constantinople. Ink, tempera and gold on vellum; sheet: 28.9 x 22.6 cm (11 3/8 x 8 7/8 in.); matted: 48.9 x 36.2 cm (19 1/4 x 14 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.1511", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Leaf from a Lectionary with St. Luke", "creation_date": "1057\u20131063", "creation_date_earliest": 1057, "creation_date_latest": 1063, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Constantinople"], "technique": "ink, tempera and gold on vellum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Sheet: 28.9 x 22.6 cm (11 3/8 x 8 7/8 in.); Matted: 48.9 x 36.2 cm (19 1/4 x 14 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.289, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.226, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "matted": {"height": 0.489, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.362, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 358591, "title": "Early Christian and Medieval Art", "description": "<i>Early Christian and Medieval Art</i>. Seattle Art Museum.", "opening_date": "1949-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355730, "title": "The World of Miniature Painting", "description": "<i>The World of Miniature Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 20-November 10, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-09-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 700123, "title": "Liturgical Arts", "description": "<i>Liturgical Arts</i>. Chapman Gallery at Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (March 1-31, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 358594, "title": "Byzantine Manuscript Illumination", "description": "<i>Byzantine Manuscript Illumination</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum.", "opening_date": "1957-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520398, "title": "Byzantine Art: A European Art", "description": "<i>Byzantine Art: A European Art</i>. Byzantine & Christian Museum, Athens, Greece (organizer) (April 1-June 15, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445224, "title": "Greek and Byzantine Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Greek and Byzantine Manuscripts</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (April 13-May 20, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 358597, "title": "Gifts from the Byzantine Court", "description": "<i>Gifts from the Byzantine Court</i>. Dumbarton Oaks Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (February 6-June 1, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 211519, "title": "The Glory of Byzantium", "description": "<i>The Glory of Byzantium</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3-July 6, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exposition d'Art Byzantin, Paris, (March 28 - July 1931); cat. no. 653. (Phanar Gospel with the Mark and John still in it)", "opening_date": "1931-03-28T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dikran G. Kelekian, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 121708, "description": "Gospel Book with Commentaries, c. 1000\u20131100. Byzantium, Constantinople. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; leather binding; sheet: 28 x 23 cm (11 x 9 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.152", "relationship": null}, {"id": 121698, "description": "Leaf from a Lectionary with St. Matthew, 1057\u20131063. Byzantium, Constantinople. Tempera and gold on vellum; sheet: 28.8 x 24.3 cm (11 5/16 x 9 9/16 in.); framed: 52.4 x 39.7 cm (20 5/8 x 15 5/8 in.); matted: 48.9 x 36.2 cm (19 1/4 x 14 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.1512", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Commissioning a lectionary was a way for patrons to show their devotion to a particular church.", "description": "These leaves are from a lectionary (a book of gospel readings used in church services) that was presented to the Holy Trinity Monastery at Chalke in Constantinople by the Empress Katherine Komnene in 1063. The tools of the scribe\u2019s trade are laid out before the evangelists: a stylus (a pointed tool for writing, drawing, and engraving), a pair of dividers (a device resembling a compass, used for dividing lines and transferring measurements), pens, a knife, a burnisher (polishing tool), and inkpots. Portraits of the authors of the Gospels\u2014Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John\u2014appear frequently in gospel books throughout the Christian world. Understood to be eyewitnesses to the texts they wrote, their presence in these books served to \u201cauthenticate\u201d the gospels.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80018066"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1511-leaf-from-a-lectiona"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Charles Diehl. \u201cL\u2019Eveng\u00e9laire de l\u2019Imp\u00e9ratice Catherine Commn\u00e8ne\u201d <em>Compte Rendu de S\u00e9ances de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres </em>(Paris, 1922)", "page_number": "pp 243-248", "url": null}, {"citation": "Diehl, Charles, \u201cMonuments Byzantins In\u00e9dits du Onzi\u00e8me Si\u00e8cle\u201d Art Studies: Medieval, Renaissance and Modern. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1927.", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, and Exposition Internationale d'Art Byzantin. Exposition Internationale d'Art Byzantin 28 mai - 9 juillet 1931, Mus\u00e9e des Arts D\u00e9coratifs, Palais du Louvre. 1931.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Kenneth W. A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America. 1937.", "page_number": "pp. 122-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cByzantine Manuscript Illumination\u201d The <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Bulletin</em> 34 (March 1947)", "page_number": "pp 50-56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.), and Dorothy Eugenia Miner. Early Christian and Byzantine Art, An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art, April 25-June 22 [1947]. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1947.", "page_number": "p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "William M. Milliken, \"Early Christian and Byzantine Art in America,\" The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism (June 1947)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Martin, John Rupert. The Illustration of The Heavenly Ladder of John Climacus. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1954.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Capps, Edward Jr. \"Byzantine Manuscript Illumination.\" <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin</em> XV (Winter 1958)", "page_number": "p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "K.M. Swoboda, \"In der Jahren 1950 bis 1961 erschienede Werke zur byzantinischen und weiteren ostchristthchen Kunst\" Kunstgeschichliche Anzeigen 5 (1961/2)", "page_number": "p. 66, no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ricci, Seymour de, William Jerome Wilson, Christopher Urdahl Faye, and William Henry Bond. Supplement to the Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts: In the United States and Canada. New York, N.Y.: The Bibliographical Society of America, 1962.", "page_number": "428", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cThe Byzantine Art Exhibition at Athens\u201d <em>The Art Quarterly</em> Vol. 27 No. 4 (1964)", "page_number": "pp 445-474", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayward, Helena, and Douglas Ash. World Furniture: An Illustrated History. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cA Manuscript Painting from Cluny\u201d <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Bulletin</em> LVI (April 1969)", "page_number": "pp 131-135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vikan, Gary, and Kurt Weitzmann. Illuminated Greek Manuscripts from American Collections: An Exhibition in Honor of Kurt Weitzmann. Princeton (N.J.): Princeton Univ. Press, 1973.", "page_number": "pp. 85-86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Evans, Helen C. The Glory of Byzantium: Art an Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era A.D. 843-1261 ; [in Conjunction with the Exhibition \"The Glory of Byzantium\", Held at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York from March 11 Through July 6, 1997]. New York, NY: Abrams, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., \"St. Luke in Ethiopia\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 40 no. 04, April 2000", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2000-04/page/4"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "pp 83-85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Popova, O. S. Vizantii\u0306skai\ufe20a\ufe21 miniati\ufe20u\ufe21ra vtoroi\u0306 poloviny X--nachala XII veka = The byzantine miniature from the second half of the 10th century to early 12th century. 2012.", "page_number": "p. 73, fig. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Collis Lecture.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>58, no. 5 (September/October 2018): 20.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-05/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Popova, O. S., and V. D. Sarab\u02b9i\ufe20a\ufe21nov. <em>Mozai\u0306ki i freski Svi\ufe20a\ufe21toi\u0306 Sofii Kievskoi\u0306.</em> \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430: \u0413\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430-\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 468, fig. 395", "url": null}, {"citation": "Theis, Lioba, Galina Fingarova, Fani Gargova, and Margaret Mullett. Illuminations: studies presented to Lioba Theis. Wien : Phoibos Verlag, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 123-124, fig. 6", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1511", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1511/1942.1511_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "616850", "filename": "1942.1511_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1511/1942.1511_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1924", "filesize": "1426131", "filename": "1942.1511_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1511/1942.1511_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1924", "filesize": "8869052", "filename": "1942.1511_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Robert P. Bergman Memorial Gallery", "athena_id": 121697, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1057, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1057\u20131063", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:16:14.459000"}, {"id": 142024, "accession_number": "1965.550", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Shell with Seated Noble, 600\u2013900. Mexico or Central America, Maya. Conch shell; overall: 16.6 x 7.9 x 3.5 cm (6 9/16 x 3 1/8 x 1 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1965.550", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Shell with Seated Noble", "creation_date": "600\u2013900", "creation_date_earliest": 600, "creation_date_latest": 900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mexico or Central America, Maya"], "technique": "conch shell", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 16.6 x 7.9 x 3.5 cm (6 9/16 x 3 1/8 x 1 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.166, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.079, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.035, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309959, "title": "The Blood of Kings: A New Interpretation of Maya Art", "description": "<i>The Blood of Kings: A New Interpretation of Maya Art</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (May 17-August 24, 1986); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 8-December 14, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-05-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 399396, "title": "The World of the Maya", "description": "<i>The World of the Maya</i>. Roemer und Pelizaeus Museum, Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany (organizer) (June 14-December 6, 1992); Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum, K\u00f6ln, Germany (February 18-May 23, 1994).", "opening_date": "1992-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 208770, "title": "Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya", "description": "<i>Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (April 4-July 25, 2004); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (September 4, 2004-January 2, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-04-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231234, "title": "The Fiery Pool: The Maya and the Mythic Sea", "description": "<i>The Fiery Pool: The Maya and the Mythic Sea</i>. Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA (organizer) (March 27-July 18, 2010); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (August 29, 2010-January 2, 2011); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (February 13-May 8, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 221002, "title": "Maya: Secrets of Their Ancient World", "description": "<i>Maya: Secrets of Their Ancient World</i>. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada (organizer) (November 19, 2011-April 9, 2012); Canadian Museum of Civilization, Gatineau, Canada (May 17-October 28, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-11-19T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; September 10- October 16, 1966. \" Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" Cat. no. 49. repr. p. 278.", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; 1986. Forth Worth, TX: Kimbell Art Museum; (1986). \"The Blood of Kings: A New Interpretation of Maya Art.\"", "opening_date": "1986-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Hildesheim, Germany: Roemer und Pelizaeus Museum; June 14- December 6, 1992. Vienna, Ausria: Kunstlerhaus; January 31- June 27, 1993. Cologne, Germany: Rautenstrauch-Joest-Museum; February 18- May 15, 1994. \"The World of the Maya.\" cat. no. 99, repr.p. 421.", "opening_date": "1992-06-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art; April 4- July 25, 2004. San Francisco, CA: California Palace of the Legion of Honor; September 4, 2004- January 2, 2005. \"Courtly Art of the Ancient Maya.\" exh. cat. no. 69, p. 137.", "opening_date": "2004-04-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, MA: Peabody Essex Museum; March 27- July 18, 2010. Fort Worth, TX: The Kimbell Art Museum; August 29, 2010- January 2, 2011. St. Louis, MO: The Saint Louis Art Museum; February 13- May 8, 2011. \"The Fiery Pool: The Maya and the Mythic Sea.\" cat. no. 40, plate 35, p. 114-115 and 301.", "opening_date": "2010-03-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Emery May Holden Norweb [1895-1984] and Raymond Henry Norweb [1894-1983], Cleveland OH, 1965, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1965", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A Maya nobleman smokes a cigar as he reaches toward a shell with a serpent.", "description": "This plaque, perhaps meant to be held in the hand for close viewing, is delicately incised with a ruler who leans toward a serpent-headed conch shell at the lower left. The lord, who smokes a cigar, is simply dressed in a loincloth; a band of body paint or tattoos appears on his chest.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755913"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.550-shell-with-seated-no"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 293", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n317"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Art News</em> (September 1966)", "page_number": "p. 34 & 64,", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Art Gallery Magazine</em> (October 1966).", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Cleveland Museum of Art, Golden Anniversary.\" <em>Archaeology</em> (October 1966).", "page_number": "p. 282", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Golden Anniversary: Acquisitions by the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> CVIII(November 1966).", "page_number": "p. 579, fig. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 7 (1966)", "page_number": "No. 49, p. 275", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Cleveland museum of art. <em>Selected Works: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland museum of art, 1967.", "page_number": "No. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 293", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n317"}, {"citation": "Jewkes, W. T., and Northrop Frye. <em>Man the Myth-Maker. </em>Orlando: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.", "page_number": "p. 396", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 396", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n416"}, {"citation": "Robicsek, Francis. <em>The Smoking Gods. </em>Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 118, 140, fig. 155, pl. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berjonneau, Gerald, Emile Deletaille, and Jean-Louis Sonnery. <em>Rediscovered Masterpieces of Mesoamerica: Mexico-Guatemala-Honduras. </em>Boulogne, France: Editions Arts, 1985. .", "page_number": "p. 283, pl. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berjonneau, Gerald, Emile Deletaille, and Jean-Louis Sonnery. <em>Rediscovered Masterpieces of Mesoamerica: Mexico-Guatemala-Honduras</em>. Boulogne, France: Editions Arts, 1985.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. <em>Ame\u0301rica 1492: retrato de un continente hace quinientos an\u0303os. </em>Barcelona: Ci\u0301rculo de Lectores, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 180", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sorenson, John L.<em> Images of Ancient America: Visualizing Book of Mormon Life.</em> Provo, Utah: FARMS, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Mary Ellen, and Megan E. O'Neill. <em>Maya Art and Architecture.</em> London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2014.", "page_number": "p. 221, pl. 197", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ahrndt, Wiebke. <em>Starker Tobak: ein Wunderkraut erobert die Welt.</em> Basel: Museum der Kulturen, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grube, Nikolai. <em>Maya Divine Kings of the Rainforest. </em>H F Ullmann, 2016.", "page_number": "p. 450", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blume<strong>, </strong>Anne. \"Royal Visions: Art of the Maya Courts.\" <em>Art in America</em> (December 2004).", "page_number": "pp 102-6, 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court: Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013. .", "page_number": "p. 134, fig. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gra\u00f1a-Behrens, Daniel, \u201cDeath and Deer Riding among the Ancient Maya of Northwest Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico.\u201d  In <em>The Archaeology of Yucat\u00e1n </em>(Travis Stanton, ed.), <em>Archaeopress Pre-Columbian Archaeology </em>1 (2014).", "page_number": "fig. 1.7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.550", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.550/1965.550_web.jpg", "width": "567", "height": "893", "filesize": "297420", "filename": "1965.550_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.550/1965.550_print.jpg", "width": "2157", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3792993", "filename": "1965.550_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.550/1965.550_full.tif", "width": "3172", "height": "5000", "filesize": "47603064", "filename": "1965.550_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142024, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 600, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "600\u2013900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Seated Figure"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:20.779000"}, {"id": 144721, "accession_number": "1969.51", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Amorpha: Fugue in Two Colors II, 1910\u201311. Frantisek Kupka (Czech, 1871\u20131957). Oil on canvas; framed: 129.5 x 84.8 x 7.6 cm (51 x 33 3/8 x 3 in.); unframed: 111.7 x 68.6 cm (44 x 27 in.); former: 129.9 x 84.8 x 6.5 cm (51 1/8 x 33 3/8 x 2 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.51. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Amorpha: Fugue in Two Colors II", "creation_date": "1910\u201311", "creation_date_earliest": 1910, "creation_date_latest": 1911, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Czechoslovakia, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 129.5 x 84.8 x 7.6 cm (51 x 33 3/8 x 3 in.); Unframed: 111.7 x 68.6 cm (44 x 27 in.); Former: 129.9 x 84.8 x 6.5 cm (51 1/8 x 33 3/8 x 2 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.295, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.848, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 1.117, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.686, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "former": {"height": 1.299, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.848, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  Kupka", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444467, "title": "Frantisek Kupka: A Retrospective", "description": "<i>Frantisek Kupka: A Retrospective</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (October 10-December 7, 1975); Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, CH-8024 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (January 14-March 14, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442755, "title": "Abstraction: Towards a New Art", "description": "<i>Abstraction: Towards a New Art</i>. Tate, London SW1P 4RG (organizer) (February 5-April 13, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441746, "title": "Kupka", "description": "<i>Kupka</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (November 22, 1989-February 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 213392, "title": "Painting the Universe:  Frantisek Kupka, Pioneer of Abstraction", "description": "<i>Painting the Universe:  Frantisek Kupka, Pioneer of Abstraction</i>. The Dallas Museum of Art (organizer) (June 1-August 24, 1997); Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg (September 27, 1997-January 5, 1998); National Gallery, Prague (February 2-May 10, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220476, "title": "Musical Analogies, Kandinsky and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>Musical Analogies, Kandinsky and his Contemporaries</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (February 11-May 25, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227252, "title": "Sons et Lumi\u00e8res", "description": "<i>Sons et Lumi\u00e8res</i>. Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris cedex O4, France (organizer) (September 22, 2004-January 3, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 285374, "title": "Kupka. Pioneer of Abstraction", "description": "<i>Kupka. Pioneer of Abstraction</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (March 19-July 30, 2018); National Gallery, Prague (September 7, 2018-January 20, 2019); Ateneum Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland (February 11-June 16, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-03-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Museo Thyssen-Bornesmisza, Madrid (2/11/2003-5/25/2003): \"Muscial Analogies, Kandinsky and his Contemporaries\"", "opening_date": "2003-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Centre natinal d'art et de cullture Georges Pompidou, Paris (9/22/2004 - 1/3/2005): \"Sons et Lumi\u00e8res\"", "opening_date": "2004-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (organizer). Beijing World Art Museum, China, May 26 - Aug. 27, 2006; Mori Arts Center, Tokyo, Japan: Sept. 9 - Nov. 26, 2006; Seoul Arts Center, Seoul, Korea: Dec. 18, 2006 - March 31, 2007; Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, Seoul, Korea: Apr. 7 - May 20, 2007; Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: June 9 - Sept. 16, 2007; Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 21, 2007- January 13, 2008; Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN, Feb. 21-June 1, 2008; Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT, June 22 - September 21, 2008; and the Detroit Institute of Arts, MI, October 12, 2008 - January 18, 2009: \"Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2006-05-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux - Grand Palais. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France (3/19/2018 \u2013 7/30/2018), National Gallery, Prague, Czech Republic (9/15/2018 \u2013 1/20/2019), and Ateneum Art Museum, Helsinki, Finland (2/11/2019 \u2013 6/16/2019): \"Kupka. Pioneer of Abstraction\"", "opening_date": "2018-03-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Purchased from the artist by Alexander Liberman, New York, in 1953.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "[Eugene Victor Thaw and Co., New York]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Inspired by the music of Johann Sebastian Bach, Kupka employed color to try to create something that involved both the visual and the auditory in his art.", "description": "The initial subject for this painting was the artist\u2019s stepdaughter Andr\u00e9e playing in the garden with a ball, but as he worked, Franti\u0161ek Kupka came to believe that accurately capturing both the movement of the ball and the child at play was impossible. Kupka created an abstract composition comprised of vibrantly colorful curving forms to suggest Andr\u00e9e\u2019s gestures and the movement of the ball in space. It is one of the earliest steps toward pure abstract painting in the history of modern art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470631"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cA Group of Twentieth-Century Works of Art Recently Acquired.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 4 (April 1970): 107\u2013126.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover; Mentioned: p. 106-111", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152324"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 243", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n263"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 70, pl. V; Mentioned and reproduced: P. 120, no. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Swartz, Anne. \"A Redating of Kupka's \"Amorpha, Fugue in Two Colors II\".\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 8 (1993): 327-51.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 328; Mentioned: p. 327-51", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25161426"}, {"citation": "Kosinski, Dorothy M. and Jaroslav Ande\u030cl. <em>Painting the Universe: Frantis\u030cek Kupka, Pioneer in Abstraction</em>. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Verlag Gerd Hatje, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 62, fig. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lekes\u030c, Vladimi\u0301r, et. al. <em>Frantis\u030cek Kupka: catalogue raisonne\u0301 des huiles = Catalogue raisonne\u0301 of oil paintings = Soupis olejomaleb.</em> Praha: Adolf Loos Apartment and Gallery; London: Koenig Books, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.166, no. 094", "url": null}, {"citation": "Von Bonsdorff, Anna Marie. \"L'Abstraction sonore de Kupka Musicalit\u00e9, couleur et spiritualisme.\" In <em>Kupka: pionnier de l'abstraction. </em>Brigitte Le\u0301al, Marke\u0301ta Theinhardt, Pierre Brulle\u0301, Jean-Franc\u0327ois Allain, and Jean-Gaspard Pa\u0301leni\u0301cek, 113-131. Paris: \u00c9ditions de la R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123, cat. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Von Bonsdorff, Anna-Maria. \"Kupkova Zvukova Abstrakce--Hudba, Barva a Spiritualita.\" In <em>Frantis\u030cek Kupka, 1871-1957. </em>Pravdova\u0301, Anna, Marketa Theinhardt, Nathalie Ernoult, and Brigitte Le\u0301al, eds., 80-89. Paris: \u00c9ditions de la R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux-Grand Palais; Prague: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed Galerie; Helsinki: Finnish National Gallery, Ateneum Art Museum. 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84, fig. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pravdova\u0301, Anna. <em>Frantis\u030cek Kupka 1871-1957. </em>[Prague]: Na\u0301rodni\u0301 galerie v Praze, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 86-87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "von Bonsdorff, Anna-Maria. \"Frantisek Kupka. Sounding Abstraction -- Musicality, Colour and Spiritualism.\" In <em>Frantis\u030cek Kupka. </em>Anne-Maria Pennonen, Hanne Selkokari, and Lene Wahlsten, eds., 11-27. Helsinki: Ateneum, Finnish National Gallery, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 13-14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.51", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 144721, "creators": [{"id": 3161, "description": "Frantisek Kupka (Czech, 1871\u20131957)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1871", "death_year": "1957", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1910, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1910\u201311", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:40.025000"}, {"id": 169465, "accession_number": "2011.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Settee, c. 1802\u201307. Thomas Hope (British, 1769\u20131831), Unknown Maker (British). Gilt-wood, reproduction wool upholstery; overall: 102.2 x 113 x 71.1 cm (40 1/4 x 44 1/2 x 28 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2011.3", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Settee", "creation_date": "c. 1802\u201307", "creation_date_earliest": 1797, "creation_date_latest": 1812, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "gilt-wood, reproduction wool upholstery", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Overall: 102.2 x 113 x 71.1 cm (40 1/4 x 44 1/2 x 28 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.022, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.13, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.711, "depth_inch": 28, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Thomas Hope: Regency Designer</em>. Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, Design, and Culture, New York (organizer) (July 17-November 16, 2008); Victoria and Albert Museum, London (March 21-June 22, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-03-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Presumably Thomas Hope [1769-1831], Duchess Street, London and later at Deepdene, Surrey, and by descent to his son;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c.1802-1831", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Henry Thomas Hope [1808-1862] and by descent to his wife", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1831-1862", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Anne Adele Bichat Hope [died 1884], by descent to her grandson", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1862-1884", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Lord Henry Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope [1866-1941], later 8th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyme", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1884-1917", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, London, July 18, 1917, no. 293; bought by Bridge for \u00a39 9s)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Whereabouts unknown", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-2001", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Gorringe\u2019s Auctioneers, Lewes, Sussex, June 7, 2001, lot 1204, sold to H. Blairman & Sons and Jeremy Ltd, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2001", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(H. Blairman & Sons and Jeremy, Ltd., London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2001-?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Philip Hewat-Jaboor [born 1953]; sold by (Carlton Hobbs, Ltd., New York, as agent) to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2011", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2011-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The acorn finials, ram\u2019s heads, and clusters of stylized honeysuckle flowers along the settee\u2019s frame are typical of Thomas Hope\u2019s neoclassical designs.", "description": "An art collector, designer, and champion of neoclassicism, Thomas Hope designed this settee for display in his London house. Hope\u2019s design exemplifies the continued interest in neoclassical ornament around 1800 through the use of elaborately carved friezes, a central pediment, and a lavishly gilded surface. In 1807 Hope published <em>Household Furniture and Interior Decoration</em>, featuring descriptions of his renowned collection of antiquities and the interior furnishings from his London house, including this settee. Many architects and cabinetmaking firms took inspiration from Hope\u2019s designs, adapting Greek and Roman forms to create bold expressions of neoclassicism in their architecture and decoration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80076793"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.3-settee"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hope, Thomas, and Thomas Ustick Walter. <em>Household Furniture and Interior Decoration</em>. London: Printed by T. Bensley ... for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1807.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Watkin, David, Philip Hewat-Jaboor, Daniella Ben-Arie, and Elizabeth Angelicoussis. <em>Thomas Hope: Regency Designer</em>. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press [for] The Bard Graduate Center for Studies in the Decorative Arts, Design, and Culture, New York, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 402-403", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mann, C. Griffith, and Amy Bracken Sparks. \"Acquisitions 2011.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 2 (March/April 2012): 10-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 19", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-02/page/18/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hanson, Robin. \u201cBehind the Scenes: A day in the textile conservation lab.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>62, no. 1 (March 2022): 22-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-02/page/18/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Lennard, Frances, Patricia Ewer, and Laura Mina. Textile Conservation: Advances in Practice. Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 583-591, fig. 8.3.1 & fig. 8.3.3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "736", "filesize": "228883", "filename": "2011.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2781", "filesize": "1792866", "filename": "2011.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_full.tif", "width": "9901", "height": "8097", "filesize": "240531984", "filename": "2011.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "765", "filesize": "227639"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", 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"2865", "filesize": "5072902"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_alt8_full.tif", "width": "5294", "height": "4462", "filesize": "70892108"}, "date_created": "2011-05-09T17:14:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_alt9_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "893", "filesize": "295813"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_alt9_print.jpg", "width": "2485", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4295480"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.3/2011.3_alt9_full.tif", "width": "3792", "height": "5187", "filesize": "59034068"}, "date_created": "2011-05-09T17:46:07", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 169465, "creators": [{"id": 61264, "description": "Thomas Hope (British, 1769\u20131831)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1769", "death_year": "1831", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}, {"id": 61326, "description": "Unknown Maker (British)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1797, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1802\u201307", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:42:44.060000"}, {"id": 140437, "accession_number": "1964.369", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Guardian of Shiva, 1200s. Southwestern India, Karnataka. Chloritic schist; overall: 113.3 x 49.2 x 29 cm (44 5/8 x 19 3/8 x 11 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.369", "current_location": "244 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "A Guardian of Shiva", "creation_date": "1200s", "creation_date_earliest": 1200, "creation_date_latest": 1299, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southwestern India, Karnataka"], "technique": "Chloritic schist", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 113.3 x 49.2 x 29 cm (44 5/8 x 19 3/8 x 11 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.133, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.492, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.29, "depth_inch": 11, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 219866, "title": "Yoga: The Art of Transformation", "description": "<i>Yoga: The Art of Transformation</i>. National Museum of Asian Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (October 19, 2013-January 26, 2014); Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 21-May 25, 2014); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 22-September 7, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2017</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 676976, "title": "Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d", "description": "<i>Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 12, 2024-November 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William H. Wolff [1906\u20131991], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A three-hooded cobra winds its way up the shaft, while another slithers through the sockets of the skull.", "description": "Guardians at Shiva temples sometimes appear as a form of the deity himself. Carved in the ornate style favored by kings of the Hoyshala dynasty (1026\u20131343), this four-armed figure holds a drum that indicates the ongoing passage of time in his upper right hand. In his upper left hand, he holds a staff surmounted by a decomposing head of the god of creation, Brahma. The soft contours of the face, complete with third eye of knowledge, temper his ferocity and create a gently alluring figure.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762597"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.369-a-guardian-of-shiva"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 236", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n260"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1421"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 31, mentioned p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 236", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n260"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 300", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n320"}, {"citation": "Davidson, Ronald M. I<em>ndian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement</em>. NY: Columbia University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davidson, Ronald M. <em>Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement</em>. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Diamond, Debra, and Molly Emma Aitken.<em> Yoga: The Art of Transformation</em>. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 1B, pp. 108\u2013109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 209", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Larson, Kay. \"Yoga: The Art of Transformation.\" <em>Curator: The Museum Journal </em>57, no. 3 (July 2014): 363\u2013373.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 367, photo 4", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.369", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.369/1964.369_web.jpg", "width": "517", "height": "893", "filesize": "306306", "filename": "1964.369_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.369/1964.369_print.jpg", "width": "1970", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4262279", "filename": "1964.369_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.369/1964.369_full.tif", "width": "2897", "height": "5000", "filesize": "43478084", "filename": "1964.369_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.369/1964.369_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "491", "height": "893", "filesize": "281865"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.369/1964.369_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1869", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4005651"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.369/1964.369_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2749", "height": "5000", "filesize": "41259404"}, "date_created": "2006-06-08T16:49:39", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. & Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 140437, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1200s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Guardian of \u015aiva"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:12:52.870000"}, {"id": 136207, "accession_number": "1960.108", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flowers in a Glass, 1606. Ambrosius Bosschaert (Dutch, 1573\u20131621). Oil on copper; framed: 60.3 x 52.8 x 6.4 cm (23 3/4 x 20 13/16 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 35.6 x 29.3 cm (14 x 11 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Carrie Moss Halle in memory of Salmon Portland Halle, 1960.108", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Flowers in a Glass", "creation_date": "1606", "creation_date_earliest": 1606, "creation_date_latest": 1606, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on copper", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 60.3 x 52.8 x 6.4 cm (23 3/4 x 20 13/16 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 35.6 x 29.3 cm (14 x 11 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.603, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.528, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.356, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.293, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"AB 1606. [AB ligated]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 191843, "title": "Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720", "description": "<i>Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (June 19-September 19, 1999); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 31, 1999-January 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-31T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Carrie Moss Halle [1872-1965], Cleveland, OH, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Although there are a handful of paintings by Bosschaert listed in 18th-, 19th-, and 20th-century auction catalogues that appear similar to this painting in terms of description, medium, and approximate dimensions, the absence of reproductions and lack of later provenance make it difficult to determine whether any of them are indeed the CMA picture.</div>"], "date": "Until 1960", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Snails, butterflies, moths, dragonflies, and other insects make this \"still life\" come alive!", "description": "One of the first artists to specialize in flower painting, Ambrosius Bosschaert may have been inspired by the botanical gardens and scientific collections in his hometown of Middelburg. The flowers in this bouquet might be common today, but in the 1600s they were costly rarities. Bosschaert captured their fragile beauty with luminous colors and exquisite detail.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20669019"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.108-flowers-in-a-glass"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> 28, no. 3 (Autumn 1965): 209-224.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 9 (1965): 124-57.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 91, p. 154, Reproduced: p. 130", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152069."}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Ambrosius Bosschaert Still LIfe.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 3 (March 1966): 59-65.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60-65; reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davidson, Ruth. \"In the Museum, Paintings.\" <em>The Magazine Antique </em>89 (March 1966): 416-431.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 416", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Entry by Jean Kubota Cassill. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 225; Mentioned: p. 224", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bergstr\u00f6m, Ingvar. \"Composition in Flower Pieces of 1605-1609 by Ambrosius Bosschaert the Elder.\" <em>Tableau</em> 5, no. 2 (November-December 1982): 174-178.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bakker, Noortje, Ingvar Bergstr\u00f6m, Guido Jansen, Simon H Levie, and Sam Segal. <em>Masters of Middelburg: Exhibition in the Honour of Laurens J. Bol.</em> Amsterdam: Kunsthandel K. &amp; V. Waterman, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33, pl. 2; Mentioned: p. 31-41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of</em> <em>Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan, W T. Kloek, and Celeste Brusati. <em>Still-life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720</em>. Zwolle: Waanders Publishers, 1999.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 5, p. 117-119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alpers, Svetlana. <em>The Vexations of Art: Vela\u0301zquez and Others</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Runia, Epco. <em>Flowers</em>. The Hague: Royal Picture Gallery, Mauritshuis, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 53 no. 01, January/February 2013", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-01/page/12"}, {"citation": "De Clippel, Karolien and David van der Linden. \"The genesis of the Netherlandish flower piece: Jan Brueghel, Abrosius Bosschaert and Middelburg.\" <em>Simiolus </em>38, no. 1/2 (2015-2016): 73-86", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 78-79, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "De Clippel, Karolien and David van der Linden. \"The Genesis of the Netherlandish Flower Piece: Jan Brueghel, Ambrosius Bosschaert and Middelburg.\" <em>Simiolus</em> 38, no. 1/2 (2015-2016): 73-86.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 79, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bru\u0308derle-Krug, Nicole and Anna Roemers Visscher. <em>An Engraved Ro\u0308mer for Huygens. </em>Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 16, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Segal, Sam, and Klara Alen. Dutch and Flemish Flower Pieces: Paintings, Drawings and Prints Up to the Nineteenth Century. 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentions; pp. 156-157, Fig. 5.26 (D2)", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.108", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.108/1960.108_web.jpg", "width": "747", "height": "893", "filesize": "472240", "filename": "1960.108_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.108/1960.108_print.jpg", "width": "2845", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5826550", "filename": "1960.108_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.108/1960.108_full.tif", "width": "3987", "height": "4764", "filesize": "57015268", "filename": "1960.108_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Carrie Moss Halle in memory of Salmon Portland Halle", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 136207, "creators": [{"id": 2653, "description": "Ambrosius Bosschaert (Dutch, 1573\u20131621)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1573", "death_year": "1621", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-04-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1606, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1606", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:56:49.262000"}, {"id": 112307, "accession_number": "1930.730", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Finial, 475\u2013221 BCE. China, Henan province, Jincun, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE). Bronze inlaid with gold and silver; overall: 13.1 cm (5 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.730", "current_location": "241A Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Finial", "creation_date": "475\u2013221 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -475, "creation_date_latest": -221, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Henan province, Jincun, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE)"], "technique": "bronze inlaid with gold and silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Zhou Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 13.1 cm (5 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.131, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520038, "title": "Chinese Art of Late Eastern Chou Dynasty", "description": "<i>Chinese Art of Late Eastern Chou Dynasty</i>. Chinese Art Society of America, New York, NY (organizer) (November 13-December 11, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 378943, "title": "East-West in Art", "description": "<i>East-West in Art</i>. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (June 22-October 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445621, "title": "Animal Style in Nomadic Asia", "description": "<i>Animal Style in Nomadic Asia</i>. Asia House Galleries, New York City, NY (organizer) (January 14-March 15, 1970); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (April 2-May 31, 1970); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (June 15-July 30, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310291, "title": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia", "description": "<i>Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Edgar Worch Collection of Antique Chinese Art</em>. Fifty-Sixth Street Gallery, Inc., New York, NY (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Chinese Art. </em>Burlington House, Royal Academy of Arts, London, England (November 28, 1935-March 7, 1936).", "opening_date": "1935-11-28T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Chinese Bronzes</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (October 19-November 27, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-10-19T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>La D\u00e9couverte de l'Asie: Hommage \u00e0 Ren\u00e9 Grousset</em>. Mus\u00e9e Cernuschi, Paris, France (May 14-July 31, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-05-14T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Age of Bronze</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 13-October 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-07-13T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "said to be from Hsin-hsiang in Northern Honan [Henan] Province, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jo\u0308rg Tru\u0308bner [1903\u20131930] acquired in China, to his brother-in-law, Edgar Worch", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1925\u2013by 1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Edgar Worch [1880\u20131972], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This finial is made to be placed on the top of a pole or staff.", "description": "Chariots and weapons were associated with hunting and warfare in the ancient world. Those bronze fittings with lavish inlaid decoration were status symbols of rulers and high-ranking officials. <br><br>This finial combines extravagance and ferocious beauty to reveal the aesthetics of the time. The birds with hooked beaks are above the intertwined serpent-dragons. Such artistic conception emphasizes the power of the bird in combat. Every facet of this finial is exquisitely crafted to give full play to the inlaid decoration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762458"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.730-finial"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ku\u0308mmel, Otto. <em>Jo\u0308rg Tru\u0308bner zum Geda\u0308chtnis. Ergebnisse seiner letzten chinesischen Reisen</em>. Berlin: Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pl. 47, pp. 94\u201395", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard C. \u201cTwo Chinese Bronzes.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 18, no. 4 (April 1931): 66\u201373.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 70\u201371", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137378"}, {"citation": "Spendlove, F. St. George, ed. C<em>atalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, 1935-6</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 387, pp. 29, 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition: June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936.", "page_number": "no. 383", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Chinese Exhibition; A Commemorative Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, Royal Academy of Arts, November 1935-March 1936</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1936.", "page_number": "no. 387", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Chinese Bronzes of the Shang (1766-1122 B.C.) Through the T\u02bbang Dynasty (A.D. 618-906); An Exhibition Lent by American Collectors and Museums and Shown in Gallery D6 from October 19 Through November 27, 1938</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1938.", "page_number": "no. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>La de\u0301couverte de l'Asie. [Exposition] hommage a\u0300 Rene\u0301 Grousset</em>. Paris: Muse\u0301e Cernuschi, 1954.", "page_number": "no. 409", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 803", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n143"}, {"citation": "Bunker, Emmy Cadwalader. <em>The Art of Eastern Chou, 772-221 B.C.: A Loan Exhibition [the China House, Nov. 13-Dec. 15, 1962]</em>. New York, NY: Chinese Art Society of America, 1962.", "page_number": "no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n270"}, {"citation": "Bowie, Theodore Robert. <em>East-West in Art: Patterns of Cultural &amp; Aesthetic Relationships</em>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "no. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n270"}, {"citation": "Bunker, Emma C., Bruce Chatwin, and Ann E. Farkas. <em>Animal Style Art from East to West [Catalogue of an Exhibition]</em>. New York: Asia Society; Distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1970.", "page_number": "no. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 326", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n346"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 8 (1990): 286-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 293, 314, cat. no. 9", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n24"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.730", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_web.jpg", "width": "537", "height": "893", "filesize": "295226", "filename": "1930.730_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_print.jpg", "width": "2043", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3944338", "filename": "1930.730_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_full.tif", "width": "3004", "height": "5000", "filesize": "45074040", "filename": "1930.730_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "837", "height": "893", "filesize": "51554"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3187", "height": "3400", "filesize": "693791"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4576", "height": "4881", "filesize": "67028356"}, "date_created": "2012-09-20T18:35:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "854", "height": "893", "filesize": "54780"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3252", "height": "3400", "filesize": "726795"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4579", "height": "4787", "filesize": "65781036"}, "date_created": "2012-09-20T19:16:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "537", "height": "893", "filesize": "294088"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2043", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3704435"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.730/1930.730_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3004", "height": "5000", "filesize": "45080180"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112307, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-12-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "475\u2013221 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Shaft Mounting"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:56:15.166000"}, {"id": 122340, "accession_number": "1942.637", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Travelers in Hilly Countryside, c. 1650. Aelbert Cuyp (Dutch, 1620\u20131691). Oil on wood; framed: 70.8 x 96.6 x 9 cm (27 7/8 x 38 1/16 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 48 x 74.5 cm (18 7/8 x 29 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.637", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Travelers in Hilly Countryside", "creation_date": "c. 1650", "creation_date_earliest": 1645, "creation_date_latest": 1655, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 70.8 x 96.6 x 9 cm (27 7/8 x 38 1/16 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 48 x 74.5 cm (18 7/8 x 29 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.708, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.966, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.48, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.745, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"A cuyp\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355548, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: The Rise of the Landscape in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: The Rise of the Landscape in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9-September 26, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300448, "title": "Dutch Painting, The Golden Age", "description": "<i>Dutch Painting, The Golden Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 27, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335771, "title": "Italy Through Dutch Eyes", "description": "<i>Italy Through Dutch Eyes</i>. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (organizer) (April 15-May 24, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-04-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 177042, "title": "Aelbert Cuyp", "description": "<i>Aelbert Cuyp</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 7, 2001-January 13, 2002); National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (February 13-May 12, 2002); Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (June 7-September 1, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-07T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Figures Going to Market.</em> British Institution, London, United Kingdom (1818).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Johan van der Linden van Slingeland, Dordrecht (sale:Yver, Dordrecht, August 22, 1785, no. 87);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sir Simon Clarke, London (sale: Christie's, London, May 14, 1802);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "George Hibbert, London (sale: Christie's, London, June 13,1829, no. 66);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Richard Foster, London (sale: Christie's, November 14, 1835);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Henry Bevan, London, 1842;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sir John Dean Paul (grandson of Henry Bevan); [A. Wertheimer, London];", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Alfred de Rothschild, London;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Galerie Charles Brunner, Paris, 1912, no. 7];", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John L. Severance, Cleveland, 1923, upon his death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Estate of John L. Severance, 1936, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Small dabs of white paint suggest the reflective shimmer of the sun on the landscape.", "description": "While many Dutch painters focused on depicting the local countryside, others were inspired by the hilly topography, golden sunlight, and picturesque monuments of Italy. Although Aelbert Cuyp never visited Italy, this serene and beautifully preserved panel demonstrates his skill in evoking the idyllic qualities of a distant land.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.637-travelers-in-hilly-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Smith, John. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch, Flemish and French Painters; In Which Is Included a Short Biographical Notice of the Artists, with a Copious Description of Their Principal Pictures; a Statement of the Prices at Which Such Pictures Have Been Sold at Public Sales on the Continent and in England; a Reference to the Galleries and Private Collections, in Which a Large Portion Are at Present; and the Names of the Artists by Whom They Have Been Engraved; to Which Is Added, a Brief Notice of the Scholars &amp; Imitators of the Great Masters of the Above Schools</em>. London, United Kingdom: Smith and Son, 1829.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 294, no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, John. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch, Flemish and French Painters. </em>London, United Kingdom: Smith and Son, 1842.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 667, no. 56; vol. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, C. P. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century</em>. London, United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co, 1908.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol 2, p. 143, no. 465", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813-1912.</em> London: Graves, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 214, p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. <em>Dutch Painting in the Seventeenth Century.</em> Providence, R.I.: Rhode Island Museum Press, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161-162, fig. 326", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [14], Plate IV, cat. no. 3; Mention: p. 21, cat. no. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.\"  <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XXIX, </em>no. 9 (November, 1942) 132-136.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland.</em> Thesis M.A. Oberlin College 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 230-231, vol 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 445", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Gerson, Horst. \"Italy Through Dutch Eyes.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>XXVII, no. 3 (1964): 342-353.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 347, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "University of Michigan. <em>Italy Through Dutch Eyes; Dutch Seventeenth Century Landscape Artists in Italy</em>. 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 29, Reproduced: pl. XII", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n151"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n151"}, {"citation": "Mauritshuis (Hague, Netherlands). Vijfentwintig jaar aanwinsten Mauritshuis, 1945-1970. 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Steinborn, Boz\u0307ena. <em>Katalog zbioro\u0301w malarstwa niderlandzkiego</em>. Wroclaw, Poland, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34, no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reiss, Stephen. <em>Aelbert Cuyp</em>. Boston, MA: New York Graphic Society, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79, no. 46, colorplate VI", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n181"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 227-228; Reproduced: p. 228", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Visions of Landscape East and West.\" <em>Asia</em> Vol. 4, No. 5 (January/February 1982): pp. 24-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cVisions of Landscape: East and West.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 3 (March 1983): 112\u2013135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 127, fig. 25", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159808"}, {"citation": "Wheelock, Arthur K., Jr.,ed..<em>Aelbert Cuyp.</em> Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952/page/n29/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.637", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.637/1942.637_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "816", "filesize": "601521", "filename": "1942.637_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.637/1942.637_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2196", "filesize": "4040112", "filename": "1942.637_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.637/1942.637_full.tif", "width": "5122", "height": "3308", "filesize": "50859908", "filename": "1942.637_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 122340, "creators": [{"id": 2504, "description": "Aelbert Cuyp (Dutch, 1620\u20131691)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1620", "death_year": "1691", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1645, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1650", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Travelers in a Hilly Landscape with a River"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-02 11:23:17.507000"}, {"id": 95287, "accession_number": "1916.1056", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Summer, 1891. Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (French, 1824\u20131898). Oil on fabric; framed: 189.5 x 270.5 x 14.6 cm (74 5/8 x 106 1/2 x 5 3/4 in.); unframed: 149.6 x 232.4 cm (58 7/8 x 91 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1056", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Summer", "creation_date": "1891", "creation_date_earliest": 1891, "creation_date_latest": 1891, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 189.5 x 270.5 x 14.6 cm (74 5/8 x 106 1/2 x 5 3/4 in.); Unframed: 149.6 x 232.4 cm (58 7/8 x 91 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.895, "height_inch": 74, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 2.705, "width_inch": 106, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.146, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.496, "height_inch": 58, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 2.324, "width_inch": 91, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: P. Puvis de Chavannes / 91\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338198, "title": "Puvis de Chavannes: Public and Private Works", "description": "<i>Puvis de Chavannes: Public and Private Works</i>. Van Gogh Museum (organizer) (February 25-May 29, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-02-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 222616, "title": "Verso l'Arte Moderna, da Puvis de Chavannes a Matisse e Picasso", "description": "<i>Verso l'Arte Moderna, da Puvis de Chavannes a Matisse e Picasso</i>. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (February 10-June 16, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205846, "title": "Gauguin, C\u00e9zanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia", "description": "<i>Gauguin, C\u00e9zanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (June 20-September 3, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-06-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>World's Columbian Exposition</em>. Art Palace, Chicago, IL (1893).", "opening_date": "1893-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Bought from the artist by Durand-Ruel, Paris (stock number 1882), 29 October 1891.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1891-1892", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sold to Durand-Ruel, New York (stock number 864), 5 January 1892.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1892", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, New York, NY, January 5, 1892, no. 864.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1892", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, New York, NY, November 16, 1892 sold to Jeptha H. Wade)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1892", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Jeptha H. Wade [1811-1980] Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art,1916", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1892-1916", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Puvis de Chavannes was considered one of the foremost artists in France in the second half of the 1800, and was particularly admired for his murals. This painting is a version of a mural he painted in 1889, which was particularly difficult because the wall had a door in the middle.", "description": "This painting is a smaller version of a mural on the same subject painted for the H\u00f4tel de Ville in Paris, which has a companion mural titled <em>Winter</em>. A writer at the time described <em>Summer</em> as \"filled with joy, happiness, rest, and the apotheosis of life.\" Georges Seurat, Paul Gauguin, and Pablo Picasso were among the many modernists influenced by Puvis de Chavannes\u2019s dreamlike themes and anti-naturalistic style of simplified, flattened forms.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502429"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1056-summer"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Godet, Pierre. \"Puvis de Chavannes et la Peinture d'Aujourd'hui.\" <em>Art Decoratif </em>(January, 1912): 43.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Warner, Langdon. \"The Wade Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art IV,</em> no. 1 (January, 1917): 3-4.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.3; Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Wade Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 1 (1917): 3-12.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; reproduced: p. 10", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136053"}, {"citation": "Underhill, Gertrude. \"Some Recent Acquisitions of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Art and Archaeology </em>VI, no. 1 (July, 1917): 41-49.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whiting, Frederic Allen. \"The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Art and Archaeology</em> XVI, no. 4/5 (November, 1923): 186-194.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n32"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M., \"In Memorium Jeptha Homer Wade.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XIII</em>, no. 4. (April 1926): 76.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64; Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Werth, Le\u0301on. <em>Puvis de Chavannes</em>. Paris, France: Les E\u0301ditions G. Cre\u0300s &amp; cie, 1926.", "page_number": "Plate 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meryem, Jean. \"La Musee de Cleveland.\" <em>L'Art et les Artistes </em>13, no. 69 (July, 1926): 341-346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 344", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n41"}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. <em>French Painting</em>. Boston, MA: Hale, Cushman &amp; Flint, inc., 1931.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193, pl. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>ARTnews </em>(June 13, 1936): 7-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, W. M., and P. Boswell. \"Superb Art Display Marks Cleveland Museum's 20th Anniversary; With List.\" <em>Art Digest </em>10 (July 1936): 5-22.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Treasure Trove of Great Art Masterpieces.\" <em>Life </em>15 (Sept. 20, 1943): 64-68.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n42"}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. </em>Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gilson, Etienne. <em>Painting and Reality</em>. New York, NY Pantheon Books, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148, Figure 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 499", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n92"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Arnason, H. H. <em>History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture.</em> New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60; Figure 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Daval, Jean Luc. <em>Journal de l'art moderne, 1884-1914</em>. [Gene\u0300ve]: Skira, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Puvis de Chavannes, 1824-1898. </em>Paris: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1976.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Phaidon Encyclopedia of Art and Artists</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 536", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n232"}, {"citation": "Boucher, Marie-Christine. <em>Catalogue des dessins et peintures de Puvis de</em> <em>Chavannes</em>. Paris, France: Palais des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris, Muse\u0301e du Petit Palais, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Van Liere, Eldon N. \"Solutions and Dissolutions: The Bather in Nineteenth-century French Painting.\" <em>Arts Magazine </em>55 (May 1980): 104.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Masini, Lara Vinca. <em>Art Nouveau</em>. London, United Kingdom: Thames and Hudson, 1984.", "page_number": "Figure: 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kiefer, Geraldine W. <em>Alfred Stieglitz: Scientist, Photographer, and Avatar of</em> <em>Modernism, 1880-1913</em>. New York, NY: Garland, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 225, Figure 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Puvis de Chavannes 's Summer and the Symbolist Avant-garde.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> <em>LXXVIII.</em> (1991): 2-27.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2-27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161310"}, {"citation": "Breuille, Jean-Philippe. <em>L'Art du XIXe sie\u0300cle: dictionnaire de peinture et de sculpture</em>. Paris, France: Larousse, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 576-577", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Price, Aime\u0301e Brown, Genevieve Lacambre, and Jon Whiteley. <em>Pierre Puvis De Chavannes</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Van Gogh Museum, 1994.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ross, Novelene, and David Cateforis. <em>Toward an American Identity: Selections from the Wichita Art Museum Collection of American Art.</em> Wichita, KS: Wichita Art Museum, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shaw, Jennifer L. \"Imagining the Motherland: Puvis de Chavannes, Modernism, and the Fantasy of France.\" <em>The Art Bulletin </em>79 (December 1997): 586-610.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 586-610", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arnason, H. H., and Marla Prather. <em>History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, Plate 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part II; European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 508", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoine, Serge. <em>From Puvis De Chavannes to Matisse and Picasso:</em> <em>Toward Modern Art.</em> Milan, Italy: Bompiani, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 316-317, front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Werth, Margaret. <em>The Joy of Life: The Idyllic in French Art, Circa 1900. </em>Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65, Figure 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shaw, Jennifer Laurie. <em>Dream States: Puvis De Chavannes, Modernism, and the Fantasy of France</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167; Figure 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rishel, Joseph J., ed. <em>Gauguin, Ce\u0301zanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daverio, Philippe.<em> Il secolo lungo della modernita\u0300: il museo immaginato. </em>Milan, Italy: Rizzoli, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 475", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gil, Alberto. Mediterra\u0301neo: Una Arcadia Reinventada: de Signac a Picasso. 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 24, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carr, Carolyn Kinder. <em>Sara Tyson Hallowell: Pioneer Curator and Art Advisor in the Gilded Age. </em>Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shields, Scott. <em>Breaking the Rules: Paul Wonner and Theophilus Brown. </em>New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Bacon, C\u00e9line. \"Valadon et Puvis de Chavannes.\" In <em>Suzanne Valadon: Un Monde a\u0300 Soi,\" </em>edited by Chiara Parisi, 85-94. Metz: Centre Pompidou Metz, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88, fig. 17", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1056", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1056/1916.1056_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "577", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1056_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1056/1916.1056_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2179", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1056_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1056/1916.1056_full.tif", "width": "6292", "height": "4032", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1056_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 95287, "creators": [{"id": 1649, "description": "Pierre Puvis de Chavannes (French, 1824\u20131898)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pierre Puvis de Chavannes was born into a bourgeois family. His father intended his son to enroll at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique in Paris. After a prolonged illness, however, Puvis instead entered the Facult\u00e9 de Droit. He became interested in art during a trip to Italy in 1846, and the following year he began studying with Henri Scheffer (1798-1862). Puvis returned to Italy in 1848 with Louis Bauderon de Vermeron (1809-1870), where he became interested in the art of mural painting. He entered the atelier of Delacroix (q.v.) for only two weeks, and later that of Couture (q.v.) for three months. Yet, Puvis's chief method of study was to work independently after live models. He was accepted in the Salon of 1850, but his submissions from 1852 through 1859 were rejected. In 1854-55 he decorated the dining room at his brother's country house, Le Brouchy, near Cuiseaux. He won a second-class medal at the Salon of 1861 for Concordia (Mus\u00e9e de Picardie, Amiens), which was purchased by the state. Inspired by the frescoes of Pompeii and by Piero della Francesca's Legend of the True Cross in Arezzo, Puvis pursued his interest in mural painting with great success. He received commissions to create works for the Palais des Arts in Lyons, the Pantheon and the H\u00f4tel de Ville in Paris, the Boston Public Library, and many others. The artist strove to integrate his mural paintings with the surrounding architecture and to maintain the integrity of the flat wall surface by using broad areas of subdued color. In 1890, together with Meissonier (q.v.) and Rodin (1840-1917), Puvis founded the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Beaux-Arts, as a more progressive alternative for the regular Salon. Puvis's art had a significant impact on later artists, particularly the symbolists.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1824", "death_year": "1898", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-10-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1891, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1891", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:06:18.550000"}, {"id": 107310, "accession_number": "1925.1293", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ivory Plaque with Enthroned Mother of God (\"The Stroganoff Ivory\"), 950\u20131025. Byzantium, Constantinople, Byzantine period. Ivory; overall: 25.3 x 17.2 x 1.8 cm (9 15/16 x 6 3/4 x 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1925.1293", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Ivory Plaque with Enthroned Mother of God (\"The Stroganoff Ivory\")", "creation_date": "950\u20131025", "creation_date_earliest": 950, "creation_date_latest": 1025, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Constantinople, Byzantine period"], "technique": "ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Ivory", "measurements": "Overall: 25.3 x 17.2 x 1.8 cm (9 15/16 x 6 3/4 x 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.253, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.172, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.018, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355520, "title": "The Madonna in Art", "description": "<i>The Madonna in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 9, 1947-February 9, 1948).", "opening_date": "1947-12-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211519, "title": "The Glory of Byzantium", "description": "<i>The Glory of Byzantium</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3-July 6, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 221733, "title": "The Mother of God:  Representations of the Virgin in Byzantine Art", "description": "<i>The Mother of God:  Representations of the Virgin in Byzantine Art</i>. Benaki Museum, Athens, Greece (organizer) (October 11, 2000-January 14, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-10-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Malcolm Collection, </em>The Burlington Club, London (1879)", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Early Christian and Byzantine Art, </em>The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, Maryland (April 25 - June 22, 1947.", "opening_date": "1947-04-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Bastard Collection, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Francis Douce, London (d. 1834)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1834", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Douce and Meyrick Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "June 1836", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Collection of Count Stroganoff (1794-1882), Rome, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Malcolm Collection, sold at Christie's May 1, 1913, No. 20", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1913", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Tartaglia & Co. Sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1925", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1925-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This ivory is also known as the <em>Stroganoff Ivory </em>because it was once in the collection of Sergei Grigoryevich Stroganoff, a Russian statesman and art historian.", "description": "The Mother of God is seated on a lavishly carved, high-backed throne. Two angels hover above, drawing attention to the Christ child poised in her lap. Representations of the enthroned Virgin and Child have a long tradition in Byzantine art, stretching back as far as the 6th century. With one hand raised in blessing, the other holding a scroll, Christ is portrayed here as an emotionless and supernatural child, visualizing for the pious beholder the mystery of his incarnation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761435"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.1293-ivory-plaque-with-en"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Catalogue of the Douceau Museum\" <em>Gentleman's Magazine </em>(June 1836)", "page_number": "No. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Tre\u0301sor de numismatique et de glyptique ou recueil ge\u0301ne\u0301ral de me\u0301dailles, monnaies, pierres grave\u0301es, bas-reliefs,</em> etc ... Choix historique des me\u0301dailles des Papes, depuis les milieu du XVe sie\u0300cle jusqu' a\u0300 nos jours. Paris: Rittner et Goupil, 1839.", "page_number": "pl. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Didron, A.N. <em>Annales Arch\u00e9ologiques </em>vol XVII (1857)", "page_number": "p. 362", "url": null}, {"citation": "Labarte, J. <em>Les Arts Industriels</em> vol. 1 (1864).", "page_number": "p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Westwood, J. O.<em> A Descriptive Catalogue of the Fictile Ivories in the South Kensington Museum: With an Account of the Continental Collections of Classical and Medi\u00e6val Ivories. </em>1876.", "page_number": "p. 79, no. 55.26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bayet, Ch. <em>L'art Byzantin.</em> Paris: Ancienne maison quantin, Librairies-imprimeries re\u0301unies, May &amp; Motteroz, 1883.", "page_number": "p. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "Molinier, Emile.<em> Les ivoires. Paris: Librairie centrale des beaux-arts</em>, 1896.", "page_number": "p. 102, 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hermanin, F. <em>l'Arte</em> vol. 1 (1898)", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graeven, Hans. <em>Fru\u0308hchristliche und mittelalterliche Elfenbeinwerke in photographischer Nachbildung.</em> Rom: Instituto archeol. germanico, 1898.", "page_number": "p. 36, no. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kraus, Franz Xaver, and Joseph Sauer. Geschichte der christlichen Kunst. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder'sche Verlagshandlung, 1896.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Adolfo.<em> Storia dell'arte italiana. </em>Milano: U. Hoepli, 1901.", "page_number": "p. 598, fig. 426", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Les Arts</em> I (1902)", "page_number": "p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mu\u00f1oz, A. <em>Ausonia</em> vol. II (Rome, 1907).", "page_number": "p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pollak, Ludwig, and Antonio Mun\u0303oz. Pieces de choix de la collection du comte Gregoire Stroganoff a Rome. Rome: Imprimerie de l'Union editrice, 1911.", "page_number": "plate CXVI, p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dalton, O. M. <em>Byzantine Art and Archaeology.</em> Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1911.", "page_number": "p. 230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pollak, Ludwig, and Antonio Mun\u0303oz<em>. Pieces de choix de la collection du comte Gregoire Stroganoff a Rome</em>. Rome: Imprimerie de l'Union editrice, 1911.", "page_number": "p. 161, pl CXVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie's, May 1, 1913", "page_number": "Lot. No. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Volbach, Wolfgang Fritz.<em> Mittelalterliche elfenbeinarbeiten</em>. Berlin: E. Wasmuth a. g, 1922.", "page_number": "p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelka, Otto.<em> Elfenbein</em>. Berlin: R.C. Schmidt &amp; Co, 1923.", "page_number": "p. 77, fig. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glu\u0308ck, Heinrich.<em> Die christliche Kunst des Ostens.</em> Berlin: B. Cassirer, 1923.", "page_number": "p. 44, pl. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \"The Stroganoff Ivory.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 13, no. 2 (1926)", "page_number": "pp. 27-29", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136900"}, {"citation": "<em>The Art News</em> (January 9, 1926).", "page_number": "p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Art News</em> (February 27, 1926).", "page_number": "p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Wade Memorial Bulletin</em> (April 1926).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Graphic London</em> (December 25, 1926).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Duthuit, Georges.<em> Byzance et l'art du XIIe sie\u0300cle.</em> Paris: Stock, 1926.", "page_number": "p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmitz, Hermann. <em>The Encyclopedia of Furniture, An Outline History of Furniture Design in Egypt, Assyria, Persia, Greece, Rome, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Germany, England, Scandinavia, Spain, Russia and in the Near and Far East Up to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century.</em> New York: McBride, 1926.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n17"}, {"citation": "Bossert, Helmuth Theodor. <em>Geschichte des Kunstgewerbes aller Zeiten und Vo\u0308lker, in Verbindung mit zahlreichen Fachgelehrten herausgegeben von Dr. H. Th. Bossert</em>. Berlin: E. Wasmuth, a.g, 1928.", "page_number": "p. 174", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldschmidt, Adolph and Kurt Weitzmann.<em> Die Byzantinischen Elfenbeinskulptures des X-XXXII </em>(Berlin, B. Cassirer 1934).", "page_number": "no. 79, pl. XXXII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "No. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roos, Frank J. <em>An Illustrated Handbook of Art History.</em> New York: Macmillan, 1954.", "page_number": "pl. A, p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90; Reproduced: p. 96", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.), and Dorothy Eugenia Miner. Early <em>Christian and Byzantine Art, An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art,</em> April 25-June 22 [1947]. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1947.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Early Christian and Byzantine Art in America.\" <em>The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism</em> 5, no. 4 (1947).", "page_number": "fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/426132"}, {"citation": "\"Arts\" <em>Beaux-Arts </em>(May 18, 1947).", "page_number": "p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 85", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Ilaria Toesca, \"La Madonna di S. Maria della Valle a Subiaco\" <em>Bollettino d'Arte Anno</em> XLIX (Fascicolo III, Serie IV, 1964).", "page_number": "p. 223, repr. fig. 9, p. 222", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n65"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 1967.", "page_number": "p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Volbach, Wolfgang Fritz, and Jacqueline Lafontaine-Dosogne. <em>Byzanz und der christliche Osten. </em>Berlin: Propyla\u0308en Verlag, 1968.", "page_number": "p. 197 Pl. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n63"}, {"citation": "Frere-Cook, Gervis. A<em>rt and Architecture of Christianity. </em>Cleveland: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1972.", "page_number": "Dust jacket", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rademacher, Franz.<em> Die Regina Angelorum in der Kunst des fru\u0308hen Mittelalters. </em>Du\u0308sseldorf: Schwann, 1972.", "page_number": "p. 256, fig. 1 or p. 55, No. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n63"}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre, Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux (France), and Bibliothe\u0300que nationale (France). <em>Byzance: l'art byzantin dans les collections publiques franc\u0327aises</em> : Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 3 novembre 1992-1er fe\u0301vrier 1993. Paris: E\u0301ditions de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1992.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 159, p. 246-247", "url": null}, {"citation": "Evans, Helen C., and William D. Wixom. <em>The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "cat. no. 87, p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Speyer, Festschr W. \"Byzantinische Elfenbeine aus Westlichen Wekstatten und ihre Rezeption Im 19. Jahrhundert\" <em>Jahrbuch fu\u0308r Antike und Christentum</em>. 28 (June 1998)", "page_number": "pp. 199-227", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vasilake\u0304, Maria. <em>Mother of God: Representations of the Virgin in Byzantine Art.</em> Milano: Skira, 2000.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 19, p. 302-03", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fisher, Susannah. \"The Tabernacle of the Most High: The Florentine Santa Maria Maggiore Madonna\". <em>Arte Medievale </em>/ Istituto Della Enciclopedia Italiana. 07/2 (2007)", "page_number": "pp. 75-85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. T<em>he Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 76-77, no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 74, cat. no. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Rossitza. \"Revelations in Relief: An Italo-Byzantine Panel with the Virgin and Child.\" <em>The Journal of the Walters Art Museum</em> 68/69 (2010)", "page_number": "p. 112, fig. 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/24412678"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 80-81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 259", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Corriveau, Bethany. \"Yearly Traditions Old and New.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 5 (September/October 2016): 29.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-05"}, {"citation": "Eliot W Rowlands, \u2018An indefatigable intermediary\u2019: Harold Woodbury Parsons (1882\u20131967) and the formation of the European collections at the Cleveland Museum of Art: part 1, <em>Journal of the History of Collections.</em>", "page_number": "p. 2", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/jhc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jhc/fhz042/5802835"}, {"citation": "Rowlands, Eliot W. \"An indefatigable intermediary: Harold Woodbury Parsons (1882-1967) and the formation of the European collections at the Cleveland Museum of Art: part 2.\" <em>Journal of the History of Collections </em>33, no.1 (2021): 93-109.", "page_number": "Reproduced p.94, mentioned p. 93-95, 103", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.1293", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1293/1925.1293_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "435203", "filename": "1925.1293_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1293/1925.1293_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1627729", "filename": "1925.1293_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1293/1925.1293_full.tif", "width": "4348", "height": "5627", "filesize": "73432808", "filename": "1925.1293_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "2b9cc1056e644660a965657bbdb052b5", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/2b9cc1056e644660a965657bbdb052b5", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 107310, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 950, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "950\u20131025", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Plaque: The Virgin and Child\r\n", "Madonna and Child Enthroned with Angels"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:36.757000"}, {"id": 110566, "accession_number": "1929.133", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Allegorical Figure, c. 1636. Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581?-1644). Oil on canvas; framed: 178.5 x 133.5 x 12 cm (70 1/4 x 52 9/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 145.8 x 99.8 cm (57 3/8 x 39 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1929.133", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Allegorical Figure", "creation_date": "c. 1636", "creation_date_earliest": 1631, "creation_date_latest": 1641, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 178.5 x 133.5 x 12 cm (70 1/4 x 52 9/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 145.8 x 99.8 cm (57 3/8 x 39 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.785, "height_inch": 70, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.335, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.12, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.458, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.998, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517536, "title": "Bernardo Strozzi, Paintings and Drawings", "description": "<i>Bernardo Strozzi, Paintings and Drawings</i>. Binghamton University Art Museum, Binghamton, NY (organizer) (October 8-November 5, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-10-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361409, "title": "Bernardo Strozzi: Genova 1581/82-Venezia 1644", "description": "<i>Bernardo Strozzi: Genova 1581/82-Venezia 1644</i>. Palazzo Ducale (Genova), Genova, Italy (May 6-August 6, 1995); The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (September 10-November 26, 1995).", "opening_date": "1995-05-06T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "San Francisco, California, California Palace of Legion of Honor, June 24-July 24, 1938: \"Venetian Paintings XV through XVIII Century\"", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Toledo, Ohio, Toledo Museum of Art, March 1940: \"Four Centuries of Venetian Painting,\" catalogue no. 46, plate 46.", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "CMA, 1980: \"Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism,\" Gallery J, February 19-March 23, 1980, fig. 52,p. 46. (not exhibited)", "opening_date": "1980-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of Italico Brass, Venice, Italy)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1929", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sold from the Italico Brass collection, Venice, with the assistance of Harold Woodbury Parsons to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929 -", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 130937, "description": "Allegorical Figure, c. 1635. Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581?-1644). Black chalk with red chalk ; matted: 55.7 x 40.5 cm (21 15/16 x 15 15/16 in.); sheet: 37.3 x 26.2 cm (14 11/16 x 10 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1953.626", "relationship": "based on"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The preparatory drawing for this painting is also in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art (1953.626).", "description": "During the 1630s, the Genoese artist Bernardo Strozzi painted a number of female figures representing various intellectual and artistic pursuits, reflecting the appeal of such allegories among learned patrons in northern Italy. Recent scholarship has convincingly identified the subject of this painting as Minerva. The Roman goddess of war has put aside her armor for more contemplative pursuits; her upward gaze\u2014as if seeking inspiration\u2014recalls her other associations with wisdom, eloquence, and the arts.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513299"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.133-allegorical-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Thieme, Ulrich, Felix Becker, Fred. C. Willis, and Hans Vollmer. <em>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Ku\u0308nstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart.</em> Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1907.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. XXXII, p. 208", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Minerva by Bernardo Strozzi.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XVI, </em>no.4 (April, 1929): 63-66.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61, detail; p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Siple, Ella S. \"Art in America, Italian Baroque Painting.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>LV (1929): 105-106.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 105; reproduced: Pl. A", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Gets Gem By Rococo Master.\" <em>Art Digest </em>III, no. 14 (April 1929): 15.<br>Published as Minerva.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Acquires Strozzi Minerva.\" <em>ARTnews </em>(April 6, 1929): 13.<br>Published as Minerva.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Vie Artistique a l'Etranger.\" <em>La Revue de l\u2019Art Ancien et Moderne </em>LVI (June 1929): 267-275,", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 269-270", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XVII, </em>no.3 (March, 1930).49-56.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55; Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freund, Frank E. W. \"Ausstellungen und Heuerwerbungen der Amerikanischen Museen.\" <em>Der Cicerone: Halbmonatsschrift fu\u0308r die Interessen des Kunstforschers und Sammlers </em>XXII, no. 5 (1930): 121-129.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hitchcock, Henry Russell, Jr. \"The St. Catherine by Bernardo Strozzi.\" <em>Bulletin of the Wadsworth Atheneum </em>IX (1931): 13-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello.<em> Italian Paintings in America.</em> New York: E. Wyhe, 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. III, pl. 582", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Bibliografia dell'Arte Italiana.\"<em> L'Arte</em> (Gennaio 1934): 78-98.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, NY: The Art news, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 133, pl. XXXVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 166; reproduced: pl. XXXVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The 20th Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>ARTnews</em> 34, no. 37 (June 13, 1936): 6-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arslan, Edoardo. \"Quattro Piccoli Contributi.\" <em>Critica d'Arte </em>III (1938): 75-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 77, n. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland],1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Pieta by Bernardo Strozzi.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XL, </em>no. 8 (October, 1953):182-183.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 182-183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mortari, Luia. \"Su Bernardo Strozzi.\" <em>Bollettino d'Arte</em> XL (1955): 311-333.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 328", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Drawing for Strozzi's Minerva.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLIII, </em>no. 6 (June, 1956):123-126.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 423", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n78"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n138"}, {"citation": "Mortari, Luisa. <em>Bernardo Strozzi</em>. Roma, Italy: De Luca, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61, 99, 173; Reproduced: p. 224, fig. 408", "url": null}, {"citation": "Matteucci Armandi, Anna Maria. <em>Bernardo Strozzi.</em> Milano: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. VI", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n138"}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. <em>Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 193, 473, 573", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n156"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45-46; Reproduced: fig. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo, and Maria Maddalena Palmegiano. <em>La pittura veneziana del Seicento</em>. Venezia, Italy: Alfieri, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 420; Mentioned: p. 421-422", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pesenti, Franco Renzo. <em>La pittura in Liguria: artisti del primo seicento</em>. Genoa, Italy: Cassa di risparmio di Genova e Imperia, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64, fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. <em>Storia di Venezia--temi</em>. Roma, Italy: Instituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spicer, Joaneath, Peter M. Lukehart, and Martha Lucy. <em>Bernardo Strozzi: Master Painter of the Italian Baroque (1581/2-1644)</em>. Baltimore, MD: Walters Art Gallery, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mortari, Luisa. <em>Bernardo Strozzi</em>. Roma, Italy: De Luca, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 201, no. 532", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strozzi, Bernardo, Ezia Gavazza, Giovanna Nepi Scire\u0301, Giovanna Rotondi Terminiello, and Giuliana Algeri. <em>Bernardo Strozzi: Genova 1581/82-Venezia 1644</em>. Milano: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "cat. no. 103, pp. 62, 222-23, 304-05", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cuccia, Antonio. \"La Prima Maturita Di Pietro Novelli. Contributi All'attivita Giovanile/ Antonio Cuccia.\" <em>Bollettino d\u2019arte del Ministero della educazione nazionale </em>108, Serie VI (Aprile-Giugno 1999): 19-56.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 51, fig. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 56, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Orlando, Anna, and Stefano Magnasco. <em>Stefano Magnasco: e la cerchia di Valerio Castello</em>. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano, Italy: Silvana, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manzitti, Camillo. <em>Bernardo Strozzi</em>. Torino, Italy: U. Allemandi, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70, 218, 326", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.133", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.133/1929.133_web.jpg", "width": "615", "height": "893", "filesize": "356455", "filename": "1929.133_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.133/1929.133_print.jpg", "width": "2341", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5102573", "filename": "1929.133_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.133/1929.133_full.tif", "width": "5046", "height": "7330", "filesize": "110993392", "filename": "1929.133_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.133/1929.133_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "96826"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.133/1929.133_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1374352"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.133/1929.133_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99888144"}, "date_created": "2012-02-14T18:28:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.133/1929.133_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "893", "filesize": "131781"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.133/1929.133_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2600", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1610993"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.133/1929.133_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4898", "height": "6403", "filesize": "125483520"}, "date_created": "2012-02-14T16:03:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 110566, "creators": [{"id": 2324, "description": "Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581?-1644)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1581", "death_year": "1644", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-03-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1631, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1636", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Minerva"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-03 11:06:03.824000"}, {"id": 136312, "accession_number": "1960.193.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Arrival of the \"Southern Barbarians\" (\u5357\u86ee\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), c. 1600. Japan, Momoyama period (1573\u20131615). One of a pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper; image: 146.7 x 337.2 cm (57 3/4 x 132 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1960.193.1", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "Arrival of the \"Southern Barbarians\"", "title_in_original_language": "\u5357\u86ee\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "c. 1600", "creation_date_earliest": 1595, "creation_date_latest": 1605, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Momoyama period (1573\u20131615)"], "technique": "One of a pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 146.7 x 337.2 cm (57 3/4 x 132 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.467, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 3.372, "width_inch": 132, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "<i>Japanese Decorative Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 378943, "title": "East-West in Art", "description": "<i>East-West in Art</i>. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (June 22-October 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "<i>Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310241, "title": "Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615)", "description": "<i>Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4-December 11, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 214165, "title": "Restoration at Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties", "description": "<i>Restoration at Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties</i>. Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties (organizer) (May 22, 1997-April 28, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-05-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Japanese Rotation (Gallery 237)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 29-December 23, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-05-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ogiware Yasunosuke", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Nagami Takutaro \u6c38\u898b \u5fb3\u592a\u90ce [1890\u20131950], Nagasaki, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Mayuyama and Company, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131960", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1960.193"], "did_you_know": "Europeans were called \"Southern Barbarians\" because their ships arrived in Japan from the south.", "description": "This screen and its corresponding screen show Portuguese merchants arriving in Japan, having crossed the oceans in their large ship with a multinational crew. The Portuguese were known in Japan as the \u201cSouthern Barbarians\u201d because they arrived from the south and their customs and manners were unfamiliar to the Japanese, who had not encountered anyone from Europe until their first appearance in 1543. In 1639, the Portuguese were forced out of Japan, mainly owing to internal difficulties caused by their Catholic missionaries, but they were a major conduit for both objects and ideas from Europe for nearly 100 years.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465493"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.193.1-arrival-of-the-south"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yoshida, Teruji \u5409\u7530\u668e\u4e8c. <em>Ukiyoe taisei</em> \u6d6e\u4e16\u7e6a\u5927\u6210. Tokyo \u6771\u4eac: Toho Shoin \u6771\u65b9\u66f8\u9662, Showa \u662d\u548c 5\u20136 [1930 \u20131931].", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 108\u2013110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Ho\u0304un </em>\u5bf3\u96f2, no. 4 (1932): pp. 64\u201383.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Buhot, Jean. \"Les Paravents Des Portugais: A Propos du Paravent du Mus\u00e9e Guimet.\" <em>Revue Des Arts Asiatiques</em> 12, no. 2/3 (June-September 1938): 113\u2013124.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 2\u20134", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/43474404"}, {"citation": "Okamoto, Yoshitomo \u5ca1\u672c\u826f\u77e5. <em>Nanban byo\u0304bu ko\u0304 </em>\u5357\u86ee\u5c5b\u98a8\u8003. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304shinsha, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: title page", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Narazaki, Muneshige \u6962\u5d0e \u5b97\u91cd. \"Japan's Trade with Western Countries\" <em>Kokka</em> no. 764 (November, 1955).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 361, pl. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kondo\u0304, Ichitaro\u0304 \u8fd1\u85e4\u5e02\u592a\u90ce. <em>Momoyama sho\u0304hekiga meisaku ten</em> \u6843\u5c71\u969c\u58c1\u753b\u540d\u4f5c\u5c55. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  no. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Zusetsu sekai bunkashi taikei </em>\u56f3\u8aaa\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u5927\u7cfb. Tokyo: Kadokawa shoten, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 23, part 4 , figs. 60\u201361", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review| 1960.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 47, no. 10 (1960): 223\u2013254.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 34, pp. 224\u2013225; Mentioned: no. 34, pp. 223 and 251", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142422"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Japanese Decorative Style</em>. Tokyo: Makoto Nakao, 1962.", "page_number": "cat. no. 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Von Ragu\u00e9, Beatrix. \"A Pair of Screens with the \"Southern Barbarians\".\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 2 (1965): 27\u201333.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152033"}, {"citation": "Narazaki, Muneshige \u6962\u5d0e \u5b97\u91cd. \"The Types of Namban Screens\" <em>Kokka </em>no. 881 (August, 1965): pp. 33\u201338.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 7\u20139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bowie, Theodore Robert, J. Leroy Davidson, and Rudolf Wittkower. <em>East-West in Art: Patterns of Cultural &amp; Aesthetic Relationships</em>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 186", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mayuyama, Junkichi \u7e6d\u5c71\u9806\u5409. <em>Japanese Art in the West</em>. [Tokyo]: Mayuyama &amp; Co, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 351; Reproduced: pp. 168\u2013169, pls. 198a and b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Katsuki Takashi. \"Namban Byobu.\" <em>Oriental Art</em>, vol. 13 (Winter, 1967).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Charleston, R. J., and John Ayers. <em>World Ceramics: An Illustrated History</em>. London: Hamlyn, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 67, pl. 187", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shimada, Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce. <em>Zaigai hiho\u0304: O\u0304bei shu\u0304zo\u0304 nihon kaiga shu\u0304sei </em>\u5728\u5916\u79d8\u5b9d : \u6b27\u7c73\u6536\u8535\u65e5\u672c\u7d75\u753b\u96c6\u6210.  Tokyo: Gakushu kenkyusha, Showa 44 [1969].", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, pt. 1, pls. 42 and 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grilli, Elise. <em>The Art of the Japanese Screen</em>. New York: Weatherhill, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 234\u2013235, pl. 130", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Okamoto, Yoshitomo \u5ca1\u672c\u826f\u77e5, and Takamizawa Tadao \u9ad8\u898b\u6ca2\u5fe0\u96c4. <em>Nanban byo\u0304bu </em>\u5357\u86ee\u5c5b\u98a8. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Kajima Shuppankai, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 179, pl. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru \u5742\u672c\u6e80, Tadashi Sugase \u83c5\u702c\u6b63, and Fujio\u0304 Naruse \u6210\u702c\u4e0d\u4e8c\u96c4. <em>Nanban bijutsu to Yo\u0304fu\u0304ga</em> \u5357\u86ee\u7f8e\u8853\u3068\u6d0b\u98a8\u753b. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakkan, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 52\u201353", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. <em>Japanese Culture; a Short History</em>. New York: Praeger, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 40 (left screen only)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Japanese Art in the West.\" <em>The Sun</em>, no. 21 (Winter, 1977): pp. 82-83.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum, 1977.", "page_number": "cat. no. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru \u5742\u672c\u6e80. <em>Fu\u0304zokuga: Nanban fu\u0304zoku </em>\u98a8\u4fd7\u753b: \u5357\u86ee\u98a8\u4fd7. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ko\u0304dnsha, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 88\u201389 and 92, pls. 97, 98, 105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru. Nanban byo\u0304bu. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shibundo\u0304, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pl. 32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Eastern Gate: An Invitation to the Arts of China and Japan</em>. Cleveland, OH: Collins, 1979.", "page_number": "pp. 228\u2013230", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vollmer, John, E. J. Keall, and E. Nagai-Berthrong. <em>Silk Roads, China Ships</em>. Toronto, ON: Royal Ontario Museum, 1983.", "page_number": "pp. 136, 181", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Fugetsu sansui \u98a8\u6708\u5c71\u6c34<em>.\" </em>Vol. 12 in <em>Nihon no isho\u0304</em> \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u610f\u5320. Yoshioka, Yukio \u5409\u5ca1\u5e78\u96c4, editor. Kyo\u0304to-shi: Kyo\u0304to Shoin, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 74\u201375, color pl. 75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tsutsui, Hiroichi \u7b52\u4e95\u7d18\u4e00 and Tatsuro\u0304 Akai \u8d64\u4e95\u9054\u90ce. <em>Chanoyu kaiga shiryo\u0304 shu\u0304sei </em>\u8336\u306e\u6e6f\u7d75\u753b\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u6210. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Heibonsha, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 31, no. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. <em>Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: cat. no. 9, pp. 24\u201325", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rivero Lake, Rodrigo. <em>Namban: Art in Viceregal Mexico</em>. [Madrid]: Estilome\u0301xico Editores, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp.165\u2013167", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 182\u2013183", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Welsh, Jennifer L. \"Cultural Trends and Cross-Cultural Interest: The 'Southern Barbarian Screens,' and Early Modern Japan.\" <em>Japan Studies Association Journal </em>10 (2012).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164, ill. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 243; Reproduced: pp. 232\u2013233", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Usanov-Geissler, Nora. <em>Kyo\u0304to und seine Anderen: bildku\u0308nstlerische Imaginationen der Ku\u0308ste auf japanischen nanban byo\u0304bu</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Iudicium, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 79, fig. 56", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.193.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "409", "filesize": "", "filename": "1960.193.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1544", "filesize": "", "filename": "1960.193.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_full.tif", "width": "13767", "height": "6251", "filesize": "", "filename": "1960.193.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "106431"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2659489"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4717", "height": "6301", "filesize": "237837120"}, "date_created": "2011-08-03T17:55:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4717", "height": "6301", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2011-08-03T17:55:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "172367"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2543", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2017379"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4698", "height": "6280", "filesize": "118071728"}, "date_created": "2011-08-03T18:11:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "673", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2544", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4698", "height": "6280", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2011-08-03T18:11:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "893", "filesize": "184592"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2526", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2088507"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4698", "height": "6323", "filesize": "148601220"}, "date_created": "2011-08-03T18:16:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2526", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4698", "height": "6323", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2011-08-03T18:16:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "573", "filesize": "718608"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1540", "filesize": "5134697"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.1/1960.193.1_alt6_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "2264", "filesize": "34018148"}, "date_created": "2007-11-26T15:48:03", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136312, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-11-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1595, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1600", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1960.193", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Namban Byobu: Screen of Southern Barbarians"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:57:18.505000"}, {"id": 141476, "accession_number": "1964.89", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Jean-Gabriel du Theil at the Signing of the Treaty of Vienna, 1738\u201340. Jacques Andr\u00e9 Joseph Aved (French, 1702\u20131766). Oil on canvas; framed: 153.5 x 121.5 x 13.5 cm (60 7/16 x 47 13/16 x 5 5/16 in.); unframed: 124.5 x 92.4 cm (49 x 36 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.89", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Portrait of Jean-Gabriel du Theil at the Signing of the Treaty of Vienna", "creation_date": "1738\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1738, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 153.5 x 121.5 x 13.5 cm (60 7/16 x 47 13/16 x 5 5/16 in.); Unframed: 124.5 x 92.4 cm (49 x 36 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.535, "height_inch": 60, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.215, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.135, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.245, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.924, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 337083, "title": "The Age of Louis XV: French Painting, 1710 - 1774", "description": "<i>The Age of Louis XV: French Painting, 1710 - 1774</i>. The Toledo Museum of Art (organizer) (October 26-December 7, 1975); The Art Institute of Chicago (January 10-February 22, 1976); National Gallery of Canada (March 21-May 2, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-10-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442299, "title": "Das Meschenbuild in der europ\u00e4ischen Kunst (Images of Man in Western Art)", "description": "<i>Das Meschenbuild in der europ\u00e4ischen Kunst (Images of Man in Western Art)</i>. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany (July 5-September 28, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-07-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442651, "title": "Nicolas de Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th Century France", "description": "<i>Nicolas de Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th Century France</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (September 19-November 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-09-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, <em>Salon</em>, 1740, cat. no. 85 (\"Un Tableau repr\u00e9sentant M. du Theil, Secretaire du Cabinet du Roy, premier Commis des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, ci-devant Ministre &amp; Pl\u00e9nipotentiaire de Sa Majeste aupr\u00e8s de l'Empereur, au moment qu'il vient de signer un des Actes de la derni\u00e8re Pacification.\")", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Style, Truth, and the Portrait. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art (October 1 - November 10, 1963), cat. no. 48.", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "T<em>he Age of Louis XV, French Painting 1710-1774. </em>Toledo Museum of Art (October 26-December 7, 1975); Art Institute of Chicago (January 10-February 22, 1976); Ottawa, National Gallery of Canada (March 21-May 2, 1976), cat. no. 2.", "opening_date": "1975-10-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Bilder vom Menschen in der Kunst des Abendlandes. </em>Berlin, Nationalgalerie, Staatliche museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz (July 5 - September 28, 1980), cat. no. 43.", "opening_date": "1980-07-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "N<em>icolas de Largillierre and the Role of the Portrait in 18th-Century France. </em>The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Quebec, Canada (September 19 - November 15, 1981), cat. no. 77.", "opening_date": "1981-09-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Edouard Kann [1873-1927], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The circumstances of Edouard's acquisition of the Aved painting are not known.&nbsp; The nephew of Rodolphe Kann and the son of Maurice Kann, both prominent collectors, Edouard does not appear to have inherited the painting from either.</div>"], "date": "by 1922", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Possibly Madame Delaney, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The original source for the inclusion of Delaney in this provenance is unknown. The Aved catalogue raisonn\u00e9 has several paintings with \"Delaunay\" in their provenances, suggesting the possibility that this name have at some point been incorrectly recorded as \u201cDelaney.\u201d&nbsp; However, a Tiepolo painting in the Samuel Kress Collection at the National Gallery (1952.5.78) contains Edouard Kann in its provenance followed by Mme. D[elaney], indicating that \u201cDelaney\u201d is, in fact, the correct name.&nbsp; A 1933 Galerie Charpentier sale in which the Tiepolo appears lists the owner as \u201cMme. D,\u201d while <em>Paintings and Sculpture from the Kress Collection </em>(1951) identifies Madame Delaney as the owner following Kann.&nbsp; The original source connecting Mme. Delaney to the Tiepolo is unknown.&nbsp; That the Tiepolo was previously owned by Edouard Kann and then by Delaney does give credence to the inclusion of Delaney following Kann in the Aved provenance.</div>"], "date": "Until 1956?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale: H\u00f4tel Drouot, Dec. 10, 1956, lot J, sold to Wildenstein & Co.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 In addition to the Aved painting, Wildenstein also purchased Rigaud's <em>Portrait of Cardinal Guillaume Dubois</em> (CMA 1967.17) at this sale.&nbsp; Madame Delaney may be one of the \u201cdivers amateurs\u201d (various private collectors) whose collection comprised this sale, although this is unconfirmed.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Dec. 10, 1956", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956-1964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Smoke rising from the candle suggests that du Theil has just added his molten wax seal to the document before him.", "description": "<em>As </em>secretary of foreign affairs for Louis XV of France, Jean-Gabriel du Theil (1685\u20131755) helped negotiate the 1738 Treaty of Vienna, which ceded the Duchy of Lorraine to France. The seal du Theil holds in his hand, the silver-gilt writing set, and the thick document all allude to these negotiations, while the wisp of smoke rising from the candle used to melt the sealing wax suggests that the treaty has only just concluded. Du Thiel\u2019s relaxed posture conveys calm assurance, but his sharp gaze is that of a shrewd negotiator. A costume encrusted with gold embroidery and (just visible at his chest) the pink ribbon and star of the royal Order of Saint Lazarus, are visible manifestations of du Theil\u2019s prestigious position.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469450"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.89-portrait-of-jean-gab"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Notice historique er biographique sur J.-G. de la Porte du Theil, ambassadeur du roi Louis XV.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guiffrey, Jules Marie Joseph. <em>Collection des livrets des anciennes expositions depuis 1673 jusqu'en 1800</em>. 44 vols in 3. Paris: Liepmannssohn et Dufour, 1869-1873.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 7 (1), 24.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. <em>Le peintre Aved, sa vie et son oeuvre 1702-1766</em>. 2 vols. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, 51, 53-55, 56, 72, 118, 121; vol. 2, no. 47 and reproduced opp. p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. <em>Le peintre Aved, sa vie et son oeuvre 1702-1766</em>. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1922.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Claude, Pierre. \"Un grand realiste Jacques Aved,\" <em>La Renaissance de l'Art </em>V no. 6 (June 1922), 374-381.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 376", "url": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k61277151/f732.item"}, {"citation": "Boucher, Francois. Review of Georges Wildenstein, <em>Le Peintre Aved, sa vie et son oeuvre</em>, in <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts </em>VI, no. 1 (1922), 255-256, pl. opp. 254.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 255; Reproduced: opposite254", "url": "https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97652932/f289.item"}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Tableaux anciens\u2026Par ou attribu\u00e9s \u00e0: J. Aved \u2013 Moreau L\u2019Ain\u00e9 \u2013 A. van der Neer \u2013 H. Rigaud et des \u00e9coles anglaise, fran\u00e7aise et hollandaise appartenant \u00e0 divers amateurs. </em>Dec. 10, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vodo, Nina Nikolaevna. \"Neopublikovannyj portret dramaturga Krebijona raboty Aveda [An unpublished portrait of the playwright Cr\u00e9billon by Aved].\" <em>Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Muzeja Izobrazitel'nych Iskusstv Imeni A.S. Pus\u030ckina</em> [<em>Travaux du Muse\u00e9 Pouchkine des Beaux-Arts</em>] (1960), 247-260.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 256; Reproduced: 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. <em>Style, Truth, and the Portrait</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. no. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1964.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>27 (1964): <em><br></em>", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 383", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1964.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>27 (1964).<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: 383", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Portraits by Aved and Gros.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 8 (1964): 196-205.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152012"}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred. \"Museum Evaluations, l: Cleveland.\" <em>Art News </em>63 (December 1964): 26-29, 58-61.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 27; Mentioned: 58-59.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> ser. 6, vol. 65 (February 1965): suppl. <em><br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: 45, no. 190", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n158"}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Comte De Richebourg le Toureil.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 1 (1971): 2-9", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 3, fig. 3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152356"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, in <em>The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774. </em>Exh. cat.Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 13, 19 cat. 2; Reproduced: pl. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n197"}, {"citation": "\"Berichte:Bilder vom Menschen in der Kunst des Abendlandes.\" <br><em>Die Kunst </em>(July 1980):<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 406", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Bilder vom Menschen in der Kunst des Abendlandes: Jubila\u0308umsausstellung der Preussischen Museen Berlin 1830-1980</em> . Exh. cat. Berlin: Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 187-188(cat. no. 43); Reproduced:color pl. 16.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conisbee, Philip. <em>Painting in Eighteenth-Century France</em>. Oxford, England: Phaidon Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 124-125; Reproduced: 128, fig. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenfeld, Myra Nan. <em>Largillierre and the Eighteenth-Century Portrait.</em> Montre\u0301al, Que\u0301bec, Canada: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 368-36, cat. no. 779", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings</em>. Part 3: <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 49-51; Reproduced: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vincent, Margaret. <em>A Delicate Art: Flemish Lace, 1700-1940: an Exhibition Selected from the Collection of the Allentown Art Museum. </em>Exh. cat. Allentown, PA: Allentown Art Museum, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 12, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lespes, Michelle. 2003 \"Aved, Jacques(-Andr\u00e9-Joseph).\" <em>Grove Art Online.</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": "http://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000005273."}, {"citation": "Lespes, Michelle. \"Le peintre Aved et la cour de Stanislas.\" <em>Pays Lorrain </em>101 (September 2005): 167-176.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heyen, E.V. \"Councillors and Officials in the Early Modern Period.\" <em>Yearbook of European Administrative History</em> no. 19 (2007).", "page_number": "p. 240", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilson, Gillian, Charissa Bremer-David, and Jeffrey Weaver. <em>French Furniture and Gilt Bronzes: Baroque and Re\u0301gence: Catalogue of the J. Paul Getty Museum Collection</em>. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 358, fig. 43-e.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Alvin L., ed. <em>Tradition &amp; Transitions: Eighteenth-century French Art from the Horvitz Collection.</em> [Boston, Massachusetts]: The Horvitz Collection, [2017].", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 434, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cock-Starkey, Claire. <em>A Museum Miscellan</em>y. Oxford: Bodleian Library, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Heyen, Erk Volkmar. <em>Verwaltete Welten: Mensch, Gemeinwesen und Amt in der europa\u0308ischen Malerei. </em>2013.", "page_number": "p. 249, fig. 7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.89", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "900", "filesize": "299554", "filename": "1964.89_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_print.jpg", "width": "2497", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2842545", "filename": "1964.89_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_full.tif", "width": "5147", "height": "7007", "filesize": "108226132", "filename": "1964.89_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "673", "height": "900", "filesize": "281294"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2542", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4091433"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5374", "height": "7188", "filesize": "115915424"}, "date_created": "2019-04-25T15:10:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2596", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5312", "height": "6958", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2019-04-25T13:06:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "656", "height": "893", "filesize": "394483"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2497", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5289392"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.89/1964.89_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4040", "height": "5500", "filesize": "66691520"}, "date_created": "2007-03-05T17:01:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141476, "creators": [{"id": 1876, "description": "Jacques Andr\u00e9 Joseph Aved (French, 1702\u20131766)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1702", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1738, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1738\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Jean-Gabriel du Theil at the Signing of the Treaty of Vienna", "Portrait of M. Jeam-Gabriel de La Porte du Theil", "Portrait of Jean-Gabriel de la Porte du Theil"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:16:17.273000"}, {"id": 173114, "accession_number": "1937.3205", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Male Torso, 1917. Constantin Brancusi (Romanian, 1876\u20131957). Brass; with base: 63.8 x 30.5 x 19.1 cm (25 1/8 x 12 x 7 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1937.3205. \u00a9 Succession Brancusi - All rights reserved (ARS)", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Male Torso", "creation_date": "1917", "creation_date_earliest": 1917, "creation_date_latest": 1917, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "brass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Sculpture 1800-1960", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "with base: 63.8 x 30.5 x 19.1 cm (25 1/8 x 12 x 7 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"with base": {"height": 0.638, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.305, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.191, "depth_inch": 7, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Succession Brancusi - All rights reserved (ARS)", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on bottom:  C. Brancusi, Paris, 1917.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312457, "title": "Sculpture of Our Time", "description": "<i>Sculpture of Our Time</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 5, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311952, "title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding", "description": "<i>Art, A Means to World Understanding</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-April 10, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 704924, "title": "Sculpture 1850-1950", "description": "<i>Sculpture 1850-1950</i>. Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI (organizer) (March 30-May 14, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-03-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311918, "title": "Rouault: Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>Rouault: Retrospective Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 28-March 15, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-01-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301168, "title": "Primitive to Contemporary Sculpture", "description": "<i>Primitive to Contemporary Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 6-October 31, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-09-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 702956, "title": "The Trojan Horse Exhibition of Art of the Machine", "description": "<i>The Trojan Horse Exhibition of Art of the Machine</i>. Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, Houston, TX (organizer) (September 25-October 20, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "<i>Paths of Abstract Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 524184, "title": "Brancusi", "description": "<i>Brancusi</i>. Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris cedex O4, France (organizer) (March 27-July 1, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Joseph Brummer Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["3205.1937"], "did_you_know": "Brancusi studied under Auguste Rodin but left after a few months, commenting: \"Nothing can grow under big trees.\"", "description": "This sculpture depicts a simplified human torso without limbs or head. The artist\u2019s goal was not to move toward abstraction, but to capture the essence of things in his sculptures. Here, he stripped the human body down to its most basic components: one sleek cylinder representing the torso and two representing the upper thighs. Constantin Brancusi made three versions of this artwork: a wood version (Philadelphia Museum of Art) and two in brass (this museum and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden). The smooth surfaces of the brass versions dazzle the eye with their gleaming high polish.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230226"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken. William. \"New Acquisitions of Present-Day Sculpture.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>25, no. 4 (April 1938): 63-65.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58; Mentioned: p. 63-64", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137921"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 338", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n65"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward B. Henning. <em>Paths of Abstract Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: H.N. Abrams, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 2, p. 5; mentioned: pp. 5,19", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n221"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n221"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n266"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 125, no. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hulte\u0301n, Pontus, Alexandre Istrati, Natalia Dumitresco, and Jeanne Bouniort. <em>Constantin Brancusi</em>. Paris, France: Flammarion, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16; Mentioned: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Flynn, Tom. <em>The Body in Three Dimensions</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, Inc, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136; Mentioned: p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nielsen, Anne Marie. <em>T\u00e6t pa\u030a en torso: Belvedere-torsoen som kunstv\u00e6rk og forbillede</em>. K\u00f8benhavn, Denmark: Ny Carlsberg glyptotek, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91, fig. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baselitz, Georg, Wolfgang Bru\u0308ckle, Auguste Rodin, and Andreas Schalhorn. <em>Von Rodin bis Baselitz: der Torso in der Skulptur der Moderne ; [Katalogbuch zur Ausstellung \"Von Rodin bis Baselitz - Der Torso in der Skulptur der Moderne\" in der Staatsgalerie Stuttgart vom 7. April bis 19. August 2001]</em>. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Varnedoe, Kirk. <em>Pictures of Nothing: Abstract Art Since Pollock</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200, fig. 5, 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Laurie. <em>The Making and Meaning of Art</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006. N70 .A33 2006", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253, fig. 13.9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Etschmann, Walter, and Robert Hahne. <em>Kammerlohr: Themen der Kunst : Design</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Oldenbourg, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 298-299", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Biro, Yae\u0308lle, Christine E. Brennan, and Christel H. Force. The Brummer Galleries, Paris and New York: Defining Taste from Antiquities to the Avant-Garde. Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 485; reproduced: p. 486, fig. c.2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Criqui, Jean-Pierre. \"Part-Object.\" In <em>Brancusi: Art Is Just Beginning, </em>Ariane Coulondre, V. Loth, Julie Jones, and Centre Georges Pompidou, 201-204. Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland: Verlag Scheidegger &amp; Spiess AG, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 203-204", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Brancusi: L\u2019Exposition = The Exhibition.</em> Paris, France: Centre Pompidou, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ullmann, Antoine, ed. <em>Brancusi.</em> Dada (Lyon). Paris: \u00c9ditions Arola, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 12-13", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1937.3205", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 173114, "creators": [{"id": 271, "description": "Constantin Brancusi (Romanian, 1876\u20131957)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Constantin Brancusi Romanian, 1876-1957 Constantin Brancusi was one of the outstanding sculptors of the 20th century. The Romanian-born artist also was actively engaged in making photographs of his sculpture throughout much of his career, creating images that fall into two main categories: views of his studio and pictures of single works. Following studies at the School of Arts and Crafts in Craiova, the National School of Fine Arts in Bucharest, and the \u00c9cole Nationale des Beaux-Arts in Paris, Brancusi began exhibiting his sculpture in Paris in 1906. It is not known when he first began to photograph his pieces. However, by 1921 he was interested in improving his photographic skills and asked Man Ray for technical advice, as well as for suggestions for buying equipment and setting up a darkroom. Brancusi used photography not only to document his sculpture, but also to promote it. He would make sets of photographs showing front, back, and side views of a piece that could be sent to prospective buyers outside Paris. Although Alfred Stieglitz and Edward Steichen, among others, also photographed his sculpture, Brancusi felt that only he could produce images that did justice to his work. Making his own photographs also allowed him to present his sculpture as he wanted it to be seen. Well aware of the influence of light, Brancusi often experimented with lighting effects to emphasize the dynamic qualities of a piece. When he died in 1957, more than 550 negatives and 1,000 prints were found in his studio. In addition to a Brancusi photograph, the Cleveland Museum of Art's collection includes one of his sculptures. M.M.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1876", "death_year": "1957", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1937-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1917, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1917", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:49:47.543000"}, {"id": 148794, "accession_number": "1976.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Talatat: Portrait of Nefertiti, c. 1353\u20131347 BCE. Egypt, Karnak, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Akhenaten (1351\u20131334 BCE). Painted sandstone; overall: 21.5 x 24.3 cm (8 7/16 x 9 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1976.4", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Talatat: Portrait of Nefertiti", "creation_date": "c. 1353\u20131347 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1353, "creation_date_latest": -1347, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Karnak, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Akhenaten (1351\u20131334 BCE)"], "technique": "painted sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 21.5 x 24.3 cm (8 7/16 x 9 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.215, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.243, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "<i>Year in Review, 1976</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 229786, "title": "Exposition Akh\u00e9naton", "description": "<i>Exposition Akh\u00e9naton</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'art et d'histoire, Gen\u00e9ve 3, Switzerland (organizer) (October 16, 2008-February 1, 2009); Fondazione Palazzo Bricherasio, Turin, Italy (February 26-June 14, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Pharaohs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the Louvre.</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 11-April 14, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-02-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Paul and Milton Girod Mallon, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1976", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1976-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Even though all we see is a fragment of the head we know it is Nefertiti by the double uraeus or serpent symbol on the headband, which was only worn by the queen.", "description": "The son of Amenhotep III, Akhenaten, brought about the short-lived \"monotheistic\" revolution in Egyptian religion near the end of Dynasty 18. The young king constructed a temple complex to the Aten, the Sun Disk, at Karnak\u2014from which this relief comes\u2014before he moved his capital to El Armana. For reasons yet unknown, the figure of the Queen Nefertiti appears in these reliefs far more often than that of the king. Ironically, the Aten temples were dismantled anciently to be used as foundations and fill for additions to the Great Temple of Amun, whom the Aten had briefly displaced.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741205"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.4-talatat-portrait-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chevrier, Henri, \"Rapport sur les travaux de Karnak 1953-1954,\" <em>Annales du Service des Antiquit\u00e9s de l'\u00c9gypte (ASAE)</em> 53 (1956).", "page_number": "pl. XIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"Nefertiti, Beloved of the Living Disk.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 9 (1977).", "page_number": "pp. 287-98, fig. 3, cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159548"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1976.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 2 (1977).", "page_number": "no. 4, p. 43", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152676"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n35"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"An Introduction to the Art of Egypt,\" <em>Arts and Activities </em>83 no. 2 (March 1978).", "page_number": "pp. 38-9, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Adele Z. Silver.<em> Guide to the Galleries. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "p. 11, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Arielle P. Kozloff.<em> An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 1983.", "page_number": "p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 244, Color: p. 55; Mentioned: p. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vandenbeusch, Marie, Aude Semat, and Margaret Maitland.<em> Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt.</em> 2016.", "page_number": "p. 99, fig. 57", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.4/1976.4_web.jpg", "width": "1042", "height": "893", "filesize": "738578", "filename": "1976.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.4/1976.4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2913", "filesize": "7348002", "filename": "1976.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.4/1976.4_full.tif", "width": "4506", "height": "3861", "filesize": "52227244", "filename": "1976.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.4/1976.4_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1062", "height": "893", "filesize": "765734"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.4/1976.4_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2859", "filesize": "7793576"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.4/1976.4_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4529", "height": "3808", "filesize": "51771420"}, "date_created": "2007-06-19T15:47:42", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148794, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-02-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1353, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1353\u20131347 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:38:29.134000"}, {"id": 146976, "accession_number": "1972.366", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Section of a Coping Rail, c. 150 BCE. India, Madhya Pradesh, Bharhut, Shunga period. Sandstone; overall: 30.5 x 122 cm (12 x 48 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Severance A. Millikin, 1972.366", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Section of a Coping Rail", "creation_date": "c. 150 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -187, "creation_date_latest": -100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Madhya Pradesh, Bharhut, Shunga period"], "technique": "sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Sunga, Bharhut", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 30.5 x 122 cm (12 x 48 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.305, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.22, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351505, "title": "Tree and Serpent: The Evolution of Early Buddhist Art in India", "description": "<i>Tree and Serpent: The Evolution of Early Buddhist Art in India</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (July 17-November 13, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-07-17T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Severance A. [1895-1985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903-1989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131972", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Known for having excellent vertical climbing abilities, the Indian monitor lizard (godha) is prized for its skin and meat.", "description": "A coping rail is the top portion of a fence that connects the upright posts. Here, an undulating lotus rhizome blossoms with jewelry, and in the spaces between are scenes from two of the Buddha's past lives. At the left, a man catches and kills a lizard to eat it, and then lies about its running off (<em>Godha Jataka</em>); at the right an ascetic performs a Vedic fire sacrifice (possibly the <em>Rajovada Jataka</em>).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762399"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.366-section-of-a-coping"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1972.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 3 (1973): 63-115.", "page_number": "Mentioned: fig. 316, p. 115", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25093732"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 286", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n306"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 108\u2013109", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guy, John. <em>Tree &amp; Serpent: Early Buddhist Art in India. </em>Exh. cat. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 41, cat. 11", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.366", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.366/1972.366_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "317", "filesize": "201536", "filename": "1972.366_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.366/1972.366_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1196", "filesize": "1646206", "filename": "1972.366_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.366/1972.366_full.tif", "width": "14302", "height": "5032", "filesize": "215933800", "filename": "1972.366_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.366/1972.366_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "454", "filesize": "120310"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.366/1972.366_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1222", "filesize": "889649"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.366/1972.366_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7962", "height": "2863", "filesize": "68430676"}, "date_created": "2013-03-12T12:51:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.366/1972.366_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "422", "filesize": "500826"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.366/1972.366_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "685", "filesize": "1381689"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.366/1972.366_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "685", "filesize": "4210196"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Severance A. Millikin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146976, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-02-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -187, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 150 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:31:56.734000"}, {"id": 155904, "accession_number": "1991.20", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "\"Horned\" Male, 100 BCE\u2013300 CE. West Mexico, Colima, Comala style. Earthenware with colored slips, black burial deposits; overall: 41.5 x 24.9 x 24.7 cm (16 5/16 x 9 13/16 x 9 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Fiftieth anniversary gift of the Womens Council in honor of the Museum's Seventy-fifth anniversary, 1991.20", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "\"Horned\" Male", "creation_date": "100 BCE\u2013300 CE", "creation_date_earliest": -100, "creation_date_latest": 300, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["West Mexico, Colima, Comala style"], "technique": "earthenware with colored slips, black burial deposits", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41.5 x 24.9 x 24.7 cm (16 5/16 x 9 13/16 x 9 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.415, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.249, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.247, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311486, "title": "Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary", "description": "<i>Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-10-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 216692, "title": "The Art and Archaeology of Ancient West Mexico", "description": "<i>The Art and Archaeology of Ancient West Mexico</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (September 26-December 5, 1998); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (January 9-March 2, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-09-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1991-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This figure\u2019s \u201chorn\u201d may be the spire of a conch shell, a reference to fertility.", "description": "This figure\u2019s concentrated, otherworldly expression is emphasized by the hornlike element strapped to its forehead. This \"horn\" may be the spire of a conch shell, which comes from water and, therefore, refers to fertility\u2014likely an important ritual concern of West Mexican chiefs. The element also could represent the \"horn of power\" worn in some areas of the world by shamans, the spiritual leaders and healers of small, nonindustrial societies.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758917"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.20-horned-male-dwarf"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H., Alan Chong, Henry Hawley, Jane Glaubinger, Tom E. Hinson, Henry John Drewal, Margaret Young-S\u00e1nchez, Stanislaw J. Czuma, J. Keith Wilson, Michael R. Cunningham, Lawrence M. Berman, Ariell\u00e9 P. Kozloff, Renate Eikelmann, Michael J. Miller, Anne E. Wardwell, and Bruce Robertson. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991)", "page_number": "p. 116", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Townsend, Richard F., and Patricia Rieff Anawalt. <em>Ancient West Mexico: Art and Archaeology of the Unknown Past. </em>New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 178-79, fig. 18y, Cat. no. 39", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.20", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_web.jpg", "width": "681", "height": "893", "filesize": "352835", "filename": "1991.20_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_print.jpg", "width": "2594", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6015110", "filename": "1991.20_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_full.tif", "width": "4026", "height": "5276", "filesize": "63756604", "filename": "1991.20_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "703", "height": "893", "filesize": "359928"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2676", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6148917"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3971", "height": "5045", "filesize": "60134684"}, "date_created": "2011-04-18T13:30:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "893", "filesize": "354960"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2759", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6166484"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4182", "height": "5153", "filesize": "64683344"}, "date_created": "2011-04-18T13:55:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "893", "filesize": "332345"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2667", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5789879"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3992", "height": "5088", "filesize": "60965356"}, "date_created": "2011-04-18T14:55:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "893", "filesize": "344166"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2853", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6181591"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4133", "height": "4925", "filesize": "61095760"}, "date_created": "2011-04-18T15:15:38", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "893", "filesize": "375489"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2769", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6540202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3965", "height": "4868", "filesize": "57934956"}, "date_created": "2011-04-18T15:30:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "354770"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1920", "filesize": "1799508"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.20/1991.20_alt5_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1920", "filesize": "8850612"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Fiftieth anniversary gift of the Womens Council in honor of the Museum's Seventy-fifth anniversary", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155904, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-03-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "100 BCE\u2013300 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:06:21.174000"}, {"id": 125324, "accession_number": "1947.278", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Driller, c. 1926. Max Kalish (American, born Russian Empire [now Lithuania], 1891\u20131945). Bronze; overall: 40.7 x 24.2 x 19.8 cm (16 x 9 1/2 x 7 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Friends of the Artist, 1947.278", "current_location": null, "title": "The Driller", "creation_date": "c. 1926", "creation_date_earliest": 1921, "creation_date_latest": 1931, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "male", "May Show"], "culture": ["America, Ohio, Cleveland"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 40.7 x 24.2 x 19.8 cm (16 x 9 1/2 x 7 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.407, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.242, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.198, "depth_inch": 7, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed back of base: \"M KALISH A.N.A.\";  inscribed on back edge of base: \"Modern Art Foundry\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310252, "title": "Cleveland Art Comes of Age: 1919-1940", "description": "<i>Cleveland Art Comes of Age: 1919-1940</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 28-September 10, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-06-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311873, "title": "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946", "description": "<i>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 19-July 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-05-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177916, "title": "Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age", "description": "<i>Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 28-July 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When Max Kalish (born Kalichik) was two years old, his Orthodox Jewish family emigrated from Lithuania to Cleveland.", "description": "Kalish's celebratory sculptures of laborers rank among his most admired works. Although he was based in Cleveland and New York, the artist often had these bronzes cast during annual trips to Paris. His creative philosophy is summed up in the following statement: \"We must learn to create from the living present. In this modern industrial age, tremendous, heroic tasks are being performed and it is here that we will find our greatest art expression.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742566"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kalish, Max. <em>Labor Sculpture.</em> New York, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, plate 10.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., et. al. <em>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946: Community and Diversity in Early Modern America</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p.116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Channing, Laurence, \"Before Neo: The May Show\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 07, September 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-07/page/4"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.278", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Friends of the Artist", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "5c7a07bd734a498c9c3792da85d79b32", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/5c7a07bd734a498c9c3792da85d79b32", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125324, "creators": [{"id": 19266, "description": "Max Kalish (American, born Russian Empire [now Lithuania], 1891\u20131945)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "sculptor", "biography": "Born in Valozin, Lithuania, Max Kalish immigrated with his family to Cleveland in 1898. Shortly after their arrival they changed the family name from Kalichik to Kalish. At the age of 15 he won a scholarship from the Cleveland School of Art and studied sculpture under Herman Matzen. In 1910 Kalish enrolled in the National Academy of Design in New York. After returning to Cleveland in early 1912, he briefly shared a studio with William Zorach. Kalish traveled to Europe in 1912\u201313, studying at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and the Acad\u00e9mie Colarossi in Paris, and exhibiting in the Paris Salon (1913). He worked as a sculptor for the Panama-Specific Exposition in San Francisco, 1913\u201314, returning to Cleveland the following year. His first solo exhibition was at Korner &amp; Wood Galleries in Cleveland (1916). He served in the army during World War I. In 1921 he began creating bronze sculptures devoted to the theme of labor and completed the last in 1938. In 1923 Cleveland school children collected small change to fund the casting of Kalish\u2019s large-scale monument to Abraham Lincoln, which was installed in front of the School Administration Building. During the 1920s his sculptures appeared in solo shows in Cleveland and New York. He participated in the annual May Shows at the Cleveland Museum of Art (1924\u201330) as well as the annuals of the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia and the Art Institute of Chicago. In the late 1920s he began a series of marble figures that were exhibited at the Grand Central Art Galleries in New York. By 1933 he had moved to New York, where he established a private school for teaching sculpture techniques. Kalish died in New York. <br>\"Transformations in Cleveland Art\" (CMA, 1996), p. 231", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1891", "death_year": "1945", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-11-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1921, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1926", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:26.272000"}, {"id": 125901, "accession_number": "1948.141", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Torso of Amenpayom, probably 200\u2013100 BCE. Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305\u201330 BCE). Granodiorite; overall: 96.4 x 32.3 x 28.6 cm (37 15/16 x 12 11/16 x 11 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1948.141", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Torso of Amenpayom", "creation_date": "probably 200\u2013100 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -200, "creation_date_latest": -100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305\u201330 BCE)"], "technique": "granodiorite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Ptolemaic Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 96.4 x 32.3 x 28.6 cm (37 15/16 x 12 11/16 x 11 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.964, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.323, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.286, "depth_inch": 11, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311953, "title": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts", "description": "<i>Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30-November 13, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518359, "title": "Egyptian Sculpture of the Late Period", "description": "<i>Egyptian Sculpture of the Late Period</i>. The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (organizer) (October 18, 1960-January 9, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-10-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444880, "title": "Age of the Pharaohs", "description": "<i>Age of the Pharaohs</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (April 8-June 16, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-04-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Egyptian Sculpture of the Late Period 700 B.C. to A.D. </em>The Brooklyn Museum, (18 October 1960-9 January 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Age of the Pharaohs: Egyptian Art from American Collections</em>. The Los Angeles County Museum of Art, (8 April-16 June 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-04-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Cleopatra's Egypt: Age of the Ptolemies</em>. The Brooklyn Museum (7 October 1988 - 2 January 1989); The Detroit Institute of Arts (14 February - 30 April 1989); Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, Munich, Germany (8 June - 10 September 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Said to have come from Tanis", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Paul Mallon, Sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1948", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "On the back Amenpayom is depicted again worshiping the gods of Mendes, Harpocrates, Banebjedet, and Hatmehit.", "description": "This magnificent life-sized torso is inscribed for Amenpayom, the great army general of the district of Mendes in the Nile Delta. By the end of the Ptolemaic dynasty (305-30 BC) when this statue was made, the Egyptians could draw on 3,000 years of expertise carving hard stone. Enough remains to show that Amenpayom was represented in the traditional pose for men: left leg striding forward, arms at his sides, and supported by a back pillar. The subtle, masterful treatment of the undulating musculature and meticulous, flawless polish are hallmarks of this period, when Egyptian artists reveled in the natural beauty of the human form.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758874"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.141-torso-of-amenpayom"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wunderlich, Silvia A. \"Diorite Torso of a General.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 36, no. 6 (1949)", "page_number": "99-101, and Cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141559"}, {"citation": "Ranke, Hermann. \"The Statue of a Ptolemaic \u03a3\u03a4\u03a1\u0391\u03a4\u0397\u0393\u039f\u03a3 of the Mendesian Nome in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Journal of the American Oriental Society</em> 73, no. 4 (1953).", "page_number": "pp. 193-98, with 1 pl", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/594853"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n18"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. [Catalogue. 1958.", "page_number": "No. 219", "url": "https://archive.org/details/LeonardCHanna"}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. E<em>gyptian Sculpture of the Late Period, 700 B.C. to A.D. 100.</em> 1960.", "page_number": "No. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Martha L. Carter. <em>Egyptian Art, the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/EgyptianArt_80670/page/n19"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n30"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n28"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Arielle P. Kozloff. <em>An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland]: [The Museum], 1970.", "page_number": "p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Los Angeles County Museum. <em>Age of the Pharaohs: Egyptian Art from American Collections</em>. An Exhibition Checklist for Students, April 4-June 16, 1974. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "No. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Gabriel P. Weisberg, and H. W. Janson. <em>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "No. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meulenaere, Herman de, and Pierre A. MacKay. <em>Mendes II</em>. Warminster, Eng: Aris &amp; Phillips, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 199, no. 61, pl. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n37"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"The Egyptian Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>American Research Center in Egypt. Newsletter</em>. 125 (Spring 1984).", "page_number": "pp. 4-13, illus. p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chevereau, Pierre-Marie, and Jean Yoyotte. <em>Prosopographie des cadres militaires e\u0301gyptiens de la Basse Epoque carrie\u0300res militaires et carrie\u0300res sacerdotales en Egypte du XIe au IIe sie\u0300cle avant J.-C</em>. Paris: Cybe\u0300le, 1985.", "page_number": "pp. 190-91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fazzini, Richard A., and Robert Steven Bianchi. <em>Cleopatra's Egypt: Age of the Ptolemies</em>. [Brooklyn, N.Y.]: Brooklyn Museum, 1988.", "page_number": "No. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildung, Dietrich, and Sylvia Schoske. Kleopatra: A\u0308gypten um die Zeitenwende : Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, 16. Juni-10. September 1989. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1989.", "page_number": "No. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M. \"La Collection Egyptienne du Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Bulletin de la Socie\u0301te\u0301 franc\u0327aise d'e\u0301gyptologie </em>134 (October 1995).", "page_number": "p. 23, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mission franc\u0327aise des fouilles de Tanis, Philippe Brissaud, Christiane Zivie-Coche, and Christiane Zivie-Coche. <em>Tanis: travaux re\u0301cents sur le tell Sa\u0302n el-Hagar</em>. Paris: Noe\u0302sis, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 214-15, & 219, figs. 39-41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.460-2; Mentioned: p. 461-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and David Franklin. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 14-15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14 - 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 76", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vandenbeusch, Marie, Aude Semat, and Margaret Maitland. Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt. 2016.", "page_number": "p. 164, fig. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cafici, Giorgia. The Egyptian Elite As Roman Citizens: Looking at Ptolemaic Private Portraiture. 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127, note 459; p. 128, note 468.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ali, Aiman Ashmawy and Simon Connor. \"A Falcon God from the Garden of Princess Nimet Mokhtar at el-Marg.\" MDAK Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archa\u0308ologischen Instituts Kairo 79(2023): 27-46.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37; Reproduced: p. 38 (fig. 16)", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.141", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "893", "filesize": "247179", "filename": "1948.141_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_print.jpg", "width": "2307", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4002167", "filename": "1948.141_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_full.tif", "width": "3491", "height": "5146", "filesize": "53924860", "filename": "1948.141_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "611", "height": "893", "filesize": "258921"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2328", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4729485"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3487", "height": "5092", "filesize": "53297840"}, "date_created": "2007-07-03T17:14:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "893", "filesize": "253473"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2279", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4648803"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3374", "height": "5033", "filesize": "50974116"}, "date_created": "2007-07-03T18:05:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "893", "filesize": "249517"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2281", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4529775"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.141/1948.141_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3320", "height": "4949", "filesize": "49322056"}, "date_created": "2007-07-03T18:36:21", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "6f365ab2ac5846b592cc7c522a3b6e0c", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/6f365ab2ac5846b592cc7c522a3b6e0c", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125901, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-06-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "probably 200\u2013100 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Torso of the General Amen-pe-Yom", "Torso of the General Amen-pa-yom"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:48.594000"}, {"id": 137057, "accession_number": "1961.48", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sun Bodhisattva (Nikk\u014d Bosatsu) (\u65e5\u5149\u83e9\u85a9\u50cf), c. 800. Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185). Japanese nutmeg-yew wood with traces of color and gold; overall: 46.7 cm (18 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1961.48", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Sun Bodhisattva (Nikk\u014d Bosatsu)", "title_in_original_language": "\u65e5\u5149\u83e9\u85a9\u50cf", "creation_date": "c. 800", "creation_date_earliest": 795, "creation_date_latest": 805, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185)"], "technique": "Japanese nutmeg-yew wood with traces of color and gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 46.7 cm (18 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.467, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 516412, "title": "Japanese Arts of the Heian Period", "description": "<i>Japanese Arts of the Heian Period</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (October 5, 1967-February 19, 1968); Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (January 17-February 25, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 374890, "title": "Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e)", "description": "<i>Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23-October 3, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Japanese Arts of the Heian Period: 794-1185</em>. Asia House Gallery, New York City, NY (October 5-December 17, 1967) and Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (January 17-February 25, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650) from The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Japan House Gallery, New York, NY (March 19-May 17, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Setsu Inosuke \u6fd1\u6d25\u4f0a\u4e4b\u52a9 [1897\u20131969], Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1961\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Japanese nutmeg-yew, or <em>kaya</em>, was used as a replacement for the unobtainable sandalwood of which small Buddhist sculptures imported from China were made.", "description": "Bodhisattvas are beings who have attained enlightenment but delay entry into Buddhahood until they have fulfilled their varied vows to aid others along the path to enlightenment. The flowing robes and curving posture of this figure were inspired by Chinese Buddhist sculpture. However, the interplay of the wood grain in this single block of yew with the artist\u2019s subtle carving is a Japanese innovation. Originally paired with the Moon Bodhisattva (Gekk\u014d Bosatsu), this figure likely flanked a sculpture of the Medicine Master Buddha (Yakushi Nyorai).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80031344"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.48-sun-bodhisattva-nikk"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review 1961.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 48, no. 9, 1961, pp. 219\u2013251.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 42, p. 249; Reproduced: no. 42, p. 225", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142473"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cNikk\u014d, the Sun Bodhisattva.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 48, no. 10, 1961, pp. 259\u2013265.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 259\u2013265; Reproduced: figs. 1-3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142478"}, {"citation": "\u201cOriental Art Recently Acquired by American Museums.\u201d <em>Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America</em>, vol. 16, 1962, pp. 104\u2013124.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106, fig. 8", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20067049"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n298"}, {"citation": "<em> The Human Adventure IV, grade 6, vol. I</em>. Cleveland: Educational Research Council of Greater Cleveland, 1966-1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 237", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mayuyama, Junkichi \u7e6d\u5c71\u9806\u5409. <em>Japanese Art in the West</em>. [Tokyo]: Mayuyama &amp; Co, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 342; Reproduced: p. 16, pl. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "no. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenfield, John M. <em>Japanese Arts of the Heian Period, 794-1185</em>. New York, NY: Asia Society, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em> Oriental Art</em>, vol. 13, no. 4 (Winter 1967).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brozostoski, John. \"Art in the Serene Capital of No.\" <em>Arts Magazine </em>(Sept.-Oct. 1967).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenfield, John M. <em>Japanese Arts of the Heian Period, 794-1185</em>. [New York]: Asia Society, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 8 and 112, cat. no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n298"}, {"citation": "<em>Praeger Encyclopedia of Art</em>. London: Pall Mall Press, Ltd., 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 3, p. 1053", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 369", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n389"}, {"citation": "Yamane, Yu\u0304zo\u0304 \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09, Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce, and Terukazu Akiyama \u79cb\u5c71\u5149\u548c. <em>Zaigai Nihon no shiho\u0304</em> [\u5728\u5916\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u81f3\u5b9d = Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections, vol. 8 ]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 17, p. 123; Reproduced: color plate 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord.<em> The Eastern Gate: An Invitation to the Arts of China and Japan</em>. Cleveland, OH: Collins, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 177 and 179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zenzo Shimizu \u6e05\u6c34\u5584\u4e09. \"Japanese Sculptures in America and Canada,\" <em>Ars Buddhica</em> \u4f5b\u6559\u85dd\u8853, no. 126 (September 1979), part I, pp. 67-88.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roukes, Nicholas. <em>Masters of Wood Sculpture</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill Publishers, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., Michael R. Cunningham, and Ursula Korneitchouk. <em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Asian Art in American Museums.\" <em>Sculpture Review,</em> XXXIII, no. 3 (Fall 1984).", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 343, fig. 33", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Yamane, Yu\u0304zo\u0304 \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09, Takashi Hamada \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09, et al. <em>Zaigai bijutsu </em>[\u5728\u5916\u7f8e\u8853 = Selections of Japanese Art from Western Collections]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakukan, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 213, 237, no. 120.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liebson, Milt. <em>Direct Wood Sculpture: Techniques, Innovation, Creativity</em>. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenfield, John M. \"Sherman Lee: Early Encounters with Asian Art,\" <em>Orientations</em>, (Jan/Feb. 2005) vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 46-47.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Filler, Martin. \"The Global Eye of Sherman Lee\": <em>The Magazine Antiques, </em>(October 2008), pp. 122\u2013129.", "page_number": "Reproduced: title page and pp. 122\u2013123", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 21", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.48", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "301403", "filename": "1961.48_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_print.jpg", "width": "2355", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4384110", "filename": "1961.48_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_full.tif", "width": "4145", "height": "5984", "filesize": "74441788", "filename": "1961.48_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "615", "height": "893", "filesize": "273991"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2343", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4140241"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4012", "height": "5823", "filesize": "70115960"}, "date_created": "2009-04-01T18:05:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "893", "filesize": "255642"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2130", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3857529"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3624", "height": "5785", "filesize": "62924612"}, "date_created": "2009-04-01T18:15:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "594", "height": "893", "filesize": "286791"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2260", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4138942"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.48/1961.48_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3838", "height": "5774", "filesize": "66512420"}, "date_created": "2009-04-01T18:23:57", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "d1f48511f45e4d0ba41eb0b27ed73f4d", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/d1f48511f45e4d0ba41eb0b27ed73f4d", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137057, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-02-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:46.594000"}, {"id": 144277, "accession_number": "1969.115", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fragment of a Floor Mosaic: Adam and Eve, late 400s\u2013early 500s CE. Early Byzantium, Northern Syria, Byzantine period, late 5th-early 6th century. Marble and stone tesserae; overall: 142.9 x 107.3 x 5.7 cm (56 1/4 x 42 1/4 x 2 1/4 in.); mounted: 142.9 x 107.3 x 7 cm (56 1/4 x 42 1/4 x 2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.115", "current_location": "106A Migration Period & Coptic", "title": "Fragment of a Floor Mosaic: Adam and Eve", "creation_date": "late 400s\u2013early 500s CE", "creation_date_earliest": 475, "creation_date_latest": 525, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["early Byzantium, Northern Syria, Byzantine period, late 5th-early 6th century"], "technique": "marble and stone tesserae", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Mosaic", "measurements": "Overall: 142.9 x 107.3 x 5.7 cm (56 1/4 x 42 1/4 x 2 1/4 in.); Mounted: 142.9 x 107.3 x 7 cm (56 1/4 x 42 1/4 x 2 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.429, "height_inch": 56, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.073, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.057, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "mounted": {"height": 1.429, "height_inch": 56, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.073, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u039a\u0395\u0398\u0391\u0393\u039f\u039d\u0395\u0393\u03a5\u039c\u039d\u039f\u0398\u0397 (\u039a\u2019\u0395\u0398\u0391\u0393\u039f\u039d \u0395\u0393\u03a5\u039c\u039d\u039f\u0398\u0397[\u03a3\u0391\u039d] = \u03ba[\u03b1\u03b9] \u1f14\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd \u1f10\u03b3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7[\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd])", "inscription_translation": "\"And they ate, [and they] were made naked.\"", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 0}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1970:\"Year in Review 1969,\" CMA Bulletin, 1970 (January, 1970), p.47", "opening_date": "1970-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007), the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008) and Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J. J. Klejman, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the Syrian village where this mosaic was created, few people could read and even fewer had access to books. The images within the church educated the community, leading 5th-century Pope Gregory the Great to describe religious images as \"books for the illiterate.\"", "description": "This mosaic panel representing the Fall of Adam and Eve once formed part of a much larger mosaic decorating the floor of an early Byzantine church in northern Syria. Here, Adam and Eve are portrayed sharing the forbidden fruit while covering themselves with large leaves. At the top of the panel, a Greek inscription reads, \"And they ate and they were made naked,\" recalling the biblical text (Gen. 3:7) and highlighting the two moments in the biblical narrative of the Fall that are depicted here.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756275"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.115-fragment-of-a-floor"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1969.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>57, no. 1 (January 1970): 2-50", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 47 no. 120", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Donceel-Vou\u0302te, Pauline. <em>Les Pavements des Eglises Byzantines de Syrie et du Liban: De\u0301cor, Arche\u0301ologie et Liturgie</em>. Louvain-la-Neuve: De\u0301partement d'Arche\u0301ologie et d'Histoire de l'Art, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 487-489 fig. 456, t. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 50-51, no. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56-59; Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Belis, Alexis. <em>Roman Mosaics in the J. Paul Getty Museum.</em> Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2016. p. 65", "page_number": "Mention: P. 65, n. 6", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.115", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.115/1969.115_web.jpg", "width": "676", "height": "893", "filesize": "616230", "filename": "1969.115_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.115/1969.115_print.jpg", "width": "2573", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8331458", "filename": "1969.115_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.115/1969.115_full.tif", "width": "4337", "height": "5731", "filesize": "74603560", "filename": "1969.115_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.115/1969.115_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "677", "height": "893", "filesize": "615875"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.115/1969.115_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2579", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6982074"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.115/1969.115_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3792", "height": "5000", "filesize": "56900520"}, "date_created": "2005-10-26T18:50:48", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144277, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-07-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 400s\u2013early 500s CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:24:18.267000"}, {"id": 162973, "accession_number": "2003.40", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gamin, c. 1929. Augusta Savage (American, 1892\u20131962). Hand-painted plaster; overall: 44.5 x 24.2 x 20.4 cm (17 1/2 x 9 1/2 x 8 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2003.40", "current_location": "226B American Modern", "title": "Gamin", "creation_date": "c. 1929", "creation_date_earliest": 1924, "creation_date_latest": 1934, "artists_tags": ["female", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "hand-painted plaster", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 44.5 x 24.2 x 20.4 cm (17 1/2 x 9 1/2 x 8 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.445, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.242, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.204, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on right-side: \"Savage\"; titled across the bottom-front: \"Gamin\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A trailblazer, Savage was the first African American member of the National Association of Women Artists.", "description": "Augusta Savage was the most acclaimed sculptor working during the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s and \u201830s, and <em>Gamin</em> is her most famous work. It was long thought that the image was a generic figure; however, recent research reveals that it depicts her nephew. The warm characterization likely arises from the close bond shared between artist and model. Although several small versions of the sculpture were produced, this life-size, hand-painted plaster is unique, and likely the oldest surviving example of the subject.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761548"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Steward Breaks New Ground with Sculptures at Library,\" <em>Plain Dealer, </em>August 15, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned P. D4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ausherman, Maria, <em>Masters of Shape: The Lives and Art of American Women Sculptors. </em>(Novato, CA: Goff Books, 2022).", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 135.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korobin, Tess, \"Monumental Absence: Augusta Savage's Unbuilt Monuments, 1931-1943,\" <em>American Art</em> 37 (Fall 2023).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 58.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cover of <em>Opportunity: Journal of Negro Life. </em>June 1929.", "page_number": "Cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Une femme sculpteur noire.\" <em>La Depeche Litteraire et Artistique </em>(Aug/Sept. 1930) .", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Harlem's Community Center.\" Marcia Minor. <em>Daily Worker, </em>August 1, 1938.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stromberg, Suzanne Schell. \"Afro-American Art of the Harlem Renaissance.\" (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1973).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leininger-Miller, Theresa A. <em>New Negro Artists in Paris: African American Painters and Sculptors in the City of Light, 1922-1934. </em>New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2001.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Art museum acquires top sculpture by Savage.\" <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer, </em>July 2, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. E1; Reproduced: p. E6", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>(September 2003), cover.", "page_number": "Cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William. \"Renaissance Kid.\" <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>(October 2003)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 6; Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William, \"Renaissance Kid\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 43 no. 08, October 2003", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-08/page/n5"}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions 2000-2005.\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 45 (July/August 2005)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14; Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenkranz, Conner. <em>19th &amp; 20th Century American Sculpture. </em>Smithsonian Libraries, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44; Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 132 - 133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gordon, Margery. \"Eyes on the Prizes.\" <em>Art &amp; Auction </em>(February 2008)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117; Reproduced: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Jacob Lawrence's Fulton and Nostrand\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 48 no. 2, February 2008", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-02/page/6"}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. <em>African American Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; Reproduced: p. 3, 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brown, Marilyn.<em> The Gamin De Paris in Nineteenth-Century Visual Culture: Delacroix, Hugo, and the French Social Imaginary.</em> New York : Routledge, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118-119; Reproduced: pl. 24.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. \"The Invisible Man: William Robinson.\" <em>CAN Journal </em>(Spring 2017): 80-83.<em> </em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korobkin, Tess. \"Monumental Absence: Augusta Savage's Unbuilt Monuments, 1931-1943.\" <em>American Art</em> 37, no. 3 (Fall 2023): 48-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 58, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paroles d\u2019Artistes Femmes: 1869-1939. </em>Paris: La Martini\u00e8re, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_web.jpg", "width": "646", "height": "893", "filesize": "241477", "filename": "2003.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_print.jpg", "width": "2458", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3365726", "filename": "2003.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_full.tif", "width": "3615", "height": "5000", "filesize": "54246796", "filename": "2003.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "893", "filesize": "226279"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2430", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3044473"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3574", "height": "5000", "filesize": "53631632"}, "date_created": "2004-03-01T16:23:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "631", "height": "893", "filesize": "219840"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2402", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2981873"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3532", "height": "5000", "filesize": "52994024"}, "date_created": "2004-03-01T16:38:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "642", "height": "893", "filesize": "216558"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2446", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2948955"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.40/2003.40_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3597", "height": "5000", "filesize": "53975908"}, "date_created": "2004-03-01T16:52:06", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "2828d6014a9743509f4d793f7e518baf", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/2828d6014a9743509f4d793f7e518baf", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162973, "creators": [{"id": 44851, "description": "Augusta Savage (American, 1892\u20131962)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1892", "death_year": "1962", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1924, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1929", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:03.766000"}, {"id": 150493, "accession_number": "1981.53", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eleven-Headed Guanyin (\u5341\u4e00\u9762\u89c0\u97f3\u83e9\u85a9), 1100\u20131200. China, late Northern Song dynasty (960-1127) - Jin dynasty (1115-1234). Wood with polychromy and cut gold; overall: 218.5 cm (86 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1981.53", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Eleven-Headed Guanyin", "title_in_original_language": "\u5341\u4e00\u9762\u89c0\u97f3\u83e9\u85a9", "creation_date": "1100\u20131200", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, late Northern Song dynasty (960-1127) - Jin dynasty (1115-1234)"], "technique": "wood with polychromy and cut gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Song Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 218.5 cm (86 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.185, "height_inch": 86, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304599, "title": "The Year in Review for 1981", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1981</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sotheby's, New York, NY, sale October 19, 1944, lot 229, sold to C. T. Loo)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "October 19, 1944", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(C. T. Loo \u76e7\u82b9\u9f4b [1880\u20131957], Paris and New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944\u20131952", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Anne Valliant Burnett Tandy [1900\u20131980], Fort Worth, Texas, consigned to Sotheby's New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131980", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, New York, NY, sale November 6, 1981, lot 50)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November 6, 1981", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(J. E. Eskenazi, Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1981", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1981\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This Guanyin is carved from a single block of willow (genus <em>Salix sp.</em>).", "description": "The bodhisattva is an enlightened being dedicated to the spiritual awakening of all beings. The compassionate bodhisattva Guanyin, in a variety of manifestations, is probably the most popular deity of worship in Chinese Buddhism. In the Esoteric Buddhist form shown here, this standing Guanyin has a total of eleven heads, with smaller ones above the principal head. The uppermost head represents the Buddha Amitabha, to whom he is closely related. The eleven heads symbolize the Buddha\u2019s steps on the path to enlightenment.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778258"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1981.53-eleven-headed-guanyi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc., New York. <em>Chinese Objects of Art</em>. 19 October 1944. Lot 229.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Lot 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's New York. <em>Fine Chinese Ceramics, Works of Art and Paintings</em>. 6 November 1981. Lot 50.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  lot 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1981.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 2 (February 1982): 39\u201382.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71; Mentioned: p. 83, no. 136", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159758"}, {"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report for 1981.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 6 (June 1982): 159\u2013206.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159776"}, {"citation": "Norton, Thomas E. Foreward by Douglas Dillon. <em>100 Years of Collecting in America: The Story of Sotheby Parke Bernet</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662. <em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xiang</em> [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf = Chinese art in overseas collections. 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Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  vol. 7, p. 1364", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"New in the Galleries.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 59, no. 1 (January/February 2019): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2019-01/page/n13/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm), Hong Kong.<em> Important Chinese art</em>. 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "a8581040a43346718e1daadca397f3d0", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/a8581040a43346718e1daadca397f3d0", "gallery_donor_text": "NACCO Industries Gallery", "athena_id": 150493, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1981-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1100\u20131200", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:09.437000"}, {"id": 168133, "accession_number": "2009.7", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Rooftop, 1957. Hughie Lee-Smith (American, 1915\u20131999). Oil on masonite; unframed: 61 x 63.5 cm (24 x 25 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2009.7. \u00a9 Estate of Hughie Lee-Smith / Licensed by VAGA at ARS, NY", "current_location": "228B Cleveland Artists", "title": "Rooftop", "creation_date": "1957", "creation_date_earliest": 1957, "creation_date_latest": 1957, "artists_tags": ["Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "May Show", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on masonite", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 61 x 63.5 cm (24 x 25 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.61, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.635, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Hughie Lee-Smith / Licensed by VAGA at ARS, NY", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right \"Lee-Smith / '57\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 297065, "title": "From the Rooftops: John Sloan and the Art of a New Urban Space", "description": "<i>From the Rooftops: John Sloan and the Art of a New Urban Space</i>. Palmer Museum of Art, University Park, PA (organizer) (February 5-May 12, 2019); The Hyde Collection, Glens Falls, NY (June 16-September 15, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-02-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Flea Market (Florida); Private Collector consigning to Swann Galleries, New York [public auction, February 17, 2009]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hughie Lee-Smith ran track with fellow student Jesse Owens at East Technical High School in Cleveland.", "description": "Trained in Cleveland before launching his mature career in Detroit and New York, Lee-Smith frequently painted isolated\u2014and often solitary\u2014figures amid desolate cityscapes and landscapes. They have pronounced overtones of introspection, which the artist attributed, in part, to his experiences navigating the forces and effects of racism: \"In my case, aloneness, I think, has stemmed from the fact that I\u2019m Black. Unconsciously it has a lot to do with alienation.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480564"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"The Cleveland Gallery.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 49, no. 7 (September 2009): 5-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7; Reproduced: p. 5, Cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2009-07/page/4/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "King-Hammond, Leslie. <em>Hughie Lee-Smith</em>. San Francisco, CA: Pomegranate, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42-46; Reproduced: p. 45, back cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mann, Griffith C. \"Acquisitions 2009.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 50, no. 2 (March/April 2010): 12-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-02/page/n17/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Shearer, Christine Fowler and Steven Litt. <em>Joseph O'Sickey: Unifying Art, Life and Love</em>. Canton, Ohio: Canton Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, Amy Sparks, and Rebecca Michaels. <em>African American Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 12-13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freeman, Nigel. <em>A Modern Migration: African-American Art Since the WPA, from the Lee and Barbara Maimon Collection</em>. Exton, PA: Brilliant Graphics, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomas, Adam M.<em> From the Rooftops: John Sloan and the Art of a New Urban Space</em>. University Park, PA; Palmer Museum of Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 61, 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Past Masters.\" In <em>Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Cleveland Arts Prize 2020-2021, </em>edited by Alenka Banco, 19-22. Cleveland: Cleveland Arts Prize, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Als, Hilton, Lauren Haynes, Leslie King-Hammond, Steve Locke, Kellie Jones, LeRonn P. Brooks, and Reggie Burrows Hodges. <em>Hughie Lee-Smith</em>. New York: Karma Books, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Porter, Austin. \"Hughie Lee-Smith.\" In <em>150 Stories: Lives of the Artists at the League, </em>edited by Stephanie Cassidy, 366-367. New York, NY: The Art Students League of New York, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 366", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.7", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "William P. and Amanda C. Madar Gallery", "athena_id": 168133, "creators": [{"id": 557245, "description": "Hughie Lee-Smith (American, 1915\u20131999)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "One of the most gifted figurative painters of his generation, Hughie Lee-Smith was born in Eustis, Florida. He moved to Cleveland in 1925 with his mother, a singer who recognized her son's talent and enrolled him in Saturday-morning classes at the Cleveland Museum of Art. While in high school, he took life-drawing classes at the Huntington Polytechnic Institute. After attending classes at the Detroit Society of Arts and Crafts, 1933-34, he studied with Carl Gaertner and Rolf Stoll at the Cleveland School of Art, graduating in 1938. During this period Lee-Smith taught drawing at Karamu House, then known as the Playhouse Settlement. For financial reasons he declined a fifth-year scholarship from the Cleveland School of Art in 1938 and began working for the Works Progress Administration's Ohio Art Project, where he learned lithography and etching. He exhibited in the annual May Shows at the Cleveland Museum of Art (1937-41). In 1939 he became a board member of the magazine \"Crossroads\" and later that year received a one-year appointment to teach art at Claflin College in South Carolina. In 1940 he cofounded Karamu Artists Incorporated and served as the organization's president. In the early 1940s he moved to Detroit, the hometown of his new wife. After serving in the navy during World War II, he returned to Detroit and attended Wayne University, where he earned a B. S. in education in 1953. He exhibited steadily throughout the 1940s and 1950s, showing at galleries in Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, New York, Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia. In 1957 he won the prestigious Emily Lowe Award from the National Academy of Design and soon after moved to New York. In 1967 he was elected a full-member of the National Academy of Design and began teaching there in 1972. In 1988 the Malcolm Brown Gallery in Cleveland mounted a solo exhibition of his work, and later that year the New Jersey State Museum in Trenton organized a retrospective. Lee-Smith lives and works in New Jersey. <br> \"Transformations in Cleveland Art (CMA, 1996), p. 233", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1915", "death_year": "1999", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-03-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1957, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1957", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:04.421000"}, {"id": 115157, "accession_number": "1935.304", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mask (Bwoom), mid- to late 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kuba-style carver. Wood and paint; overall: 43.3 x 31.2 x 28.3 cm (17 1/16 x 12 5/16 x 11 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert Ford Memorial Fund, 1935.304", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Mask (Bwoom)", "creation_date": "mid- to late 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1850, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kuba-style carver"], "technique": "Wood and paint", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Mask", "measurements": "Overall: 43.3 x 31.2 x 28.3 cm (17 1/16 x 12 5/16 x 11 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.433, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.312, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.283, "depth_inch": 11, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355637, "title": "The Mask", "description": "<i>The Mask</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 1951-January 14, 1952).", "opening_date": "1951-10-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "<i>The Imagination of Primitive Man</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "<i>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 463, not reproduced", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "(also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935),", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toledo, OH, Toledo Museum of Art, February 1 - 22, 1959: \"The African Image,\"cat. no. 164, repr. p. 30.", "opening_date": "1959-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kansas City, MO, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, 1/18 - 2/25/1962: \"The Imagination of Primitive Man, no. 83.\"", "opening_date": "1962-02-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006):  \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 44, p. 118, color repr. p. 55.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2500.35"], "did_you_know": "Imagine this mask topped with eagle feathers; they would have been added only on special occasions when it was performed.", "description": "Among the Bushoong, the central Kuba group, the mask known as <em>bwoom</em>\u2014most typically identified as the head of a hunter-gatherer\u2014forms a triad with a female mask and another male mask. All three are protagonists in the reenactment of the foundation of the Kuba kingdom. Outside the capital, however, bwoom appears in different non-royal contexts, such as the men\u2019s initiation society.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.304-mask-bwoom"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art; London: Scala Publishers Ltd, 2012. pg. 238-9.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. <em>African Negro Art</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52, no. 463", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 387", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n72"}, {"citation": "Plass, Margaret. <em>The African Image: A New Selection of Tribal Art</em> :<em> the Toledo Museum of Art ... February 1 Through 22, 1959 : Introduction and Catalogue</em>. Toledo, Ohio: The Museum, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, no. 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. <em>The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World.</em> Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11, 46, cat. no. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M. <em>African Art in American Collections = L'art Africain Dans Les Collections Americaines.</em> New York : F. A. Praeger, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211, pl. 300", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 303", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n327"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 303", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n327"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 412", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n432"}, {"citation": "Connell, Timothy C., and Jackson J. Spielvogel. <em>World Art Transparencies.</em> Cincinnati: West Educational Pub., 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34; Reproduced no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. <em>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, fig. 15; Reproduced: p. 26, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 35, p. 100 - 101", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, \"African Art Revisited\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 43 no. 09, November 2003", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-09/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M.. <em>African sculpture.</em> Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub., 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211, pl. 300", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buser, Thomas. <em>Experiencing Art Around Us.</em> Australia: Thomson Wadsworth, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 433, fig. 17-22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 55, no. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In <em>Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display</em>. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112; Reproduced: p. 113, fig. 5.7", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.304", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "893", "filesize": "343848", "filename": "1935.304_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_print.jpg", "width": "2681", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5038254", "filename": "1935.304_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_full.tif", "width": "5926", "height": "7515", "filesize": "133622736", "filename": "1935.304_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "893", "filesize": "354657"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2681", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5024091"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5793", "height": "7347", "filesize": "127704728"}, "date_created": "2009-06-10T14:52:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "721", "height": "893", "filesize": "360089"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2744", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5284025"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5794", "height": "7179", "filesize": "124806464"}, "date_created": "2009-06-10T15:01:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "676", "height": "893", "filesize": "331389"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2572", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4812377"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "5414", "filesize": "66549084"}, "date_created": "2009-06-10T15:08:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "893", "filesize": "339611"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2679", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4894566"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "5198", "filesize": "63894112"}, "date_created": "2009-06-10T15:04:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "345339"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2742", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4981633"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.304/1935.304_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "5078", "filesize": "62419552"}, "date_created": "2009-06-10T15:11:28", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "James Albert Ford Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115157, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1850, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid- to late 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Headdress (bwoom)", "Helmet Mask (Bwoom)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:41.423000"}, {"id": 144613, "accession_number": "1969.252", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Metro, 1958. Joan Mitchell (American, 1925\u20131992). Oil on canvas; framed: 115.6 x 139.7 x 4.5 cm (45 1/2 x 55 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 113 x 137.1 cm (44 1/2 x 54 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. John B. Dempsey, 1969.252. \u00a9 Estate of Joan Mitchell", "current_location": null, "title": "Metro", "creation_date": "1958", "creation_date_earliest": 1958, "creation_date_latest": 1958, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 115.6 x 139.7 x 4.5 cm (45 1/2 x 55 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 113 x 137.1 cm (44 1/2 x 54 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.156, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.397, "width_inch": 55, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.13, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.371, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Joan Mitchell", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 218746, "title": "A Rebours", "description": "<i>A Rebours</i>. Centro Atlantico de Arte Moderno (organizer) (April 20-June 13, 1999); Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sof\u00cda (July 6-October 11, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-04-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Newport Beach, CA, Newport Harbor Art Museum (June 28-September 9, 1984) Action/Precision: The New Direction in New York, 1955-60, cat. no. 35, p. 122, repr. p. 123, also traveled to: Worcester, MA, Worcester Art Museum(3 October - 25 November 1984); Grey Art Gallery, New York University (15 January - 23 February 1984); Cincinnati, OH, the Contemporary Arts Center (14 March - 27 April 1984); Buffalo, NY, Albright-Knox Gallery (14 September - 3 November 1984);  Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery, University of Texas at Austin (12 January - 23 February 1986).", "opening_date": "1984-06-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington DC, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Joan Mitchell: A Retrospective Exhibition (26 February - 1 May 1988); also traveled to San Francisco, CA, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (26 May - 18 July 1988); Buffalo, NY, Albright-Knox Gallery (17 September - 6 November 1988); La Jolla, CA, La Jolla Museum of Contemporary Art (2 December 1988 - 29 January 1989); Ithaca, NY, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University (26 February - 23 April 1989); ill. cat. no. 35, p. 122.", "opening_date": "1988-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (4/20/99 - 6/13/99); Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia (7/6/99 - 10/11/99) \"A Rebours\" p. 237 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1999-04-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. John B. Dempsey.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["117.61"], "did_you_know": "At the age of 17, Mitchell was named \"Figure Skating Queen of the Midwest.\"", "description": "<em>Metro</em> belongs to an early phase in Mitchell\u2019s long career, when she started to earn fame for abstract paintings that balance spontaneity with planning. Its composition is centrifugal: wide patches of reds, maroons, olive greens, and whites clustered in the canvas\u2019s upper center are effectively spinning off into thinner arcs at the sides and bottom.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470536"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.252", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. John B. Dempsey", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144613, "creators": [{"id": 3564, "description": "Joan Mitchell (American, 1925\u20131992)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1925", "death_year": "1992", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-12-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1958, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1958", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:32.165000"}, {"id": 144965, "accession_number": "1970.16", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Black-Figure Neck-Amphora (Storage Vessel): Herakles and Nemean Lion (A); Dionysos, Satyrs, and Maenads (B), 515\u2013510 BCE. Attributed to Painter of Berlin 1899 (Greek, Attic). Ceramic; overall: 39.8 cm (15 11/16 in.); diameter: 29 cm (11 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1970.16", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Black-Figure Neck-Amphora (Storage Vessel): Herakles and Nemean Lion (A); Dionysos, Satyrs, and Maenads (B)", "creation_date": "515\u2013510 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -515, "creation_date_latest": -510, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 39.8 cm (15 11/16 in.); Diameter: 29 cm (11 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.29, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "overall": {"height": 0.398, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "After Herakles strangled the Nemean lion, he wore its pelt as a protective trophy.", "description": "The neck-amphora, one of the most popular vase shapes in Archaic Athens, provided painters with ample space for both figural and ornamental decoration. Herakles, the greatest of Greek heroes, performs his most famous deed on the obverse, wrestling the Nemean lion. His patron goddess Athena, together with his nephew Iolaos, holding the hero\u2019s club, stand by. On the other side is an unrelated scene, showing the wine god Dionysos with dancing maenads and satyrs. Abundant ornament covers other areas: stylized lotus blossom and palmette chains on the neck; intricately linked palmettes and lotuses beneath each handle; and a key pattern, linked lotus buds, and rays on the lower body.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756689"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.16-black-figure-neck-am"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 1494", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/3D2673DB-6E66-49FD-A4D4-7CA00C4576C0"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara. \"A Trio of Late Black-Figure Vase Painters.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 2 (1979): 50-66.", "page_number": "pp. 57-63, figs. 13-16.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159617"}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg.<em> Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 9, plates 13 & 14, I", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/browseCVARecord.asp?id={3D2673DB-6E66-49FD-A4D4-7CA00C4576C0}&startRef="}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1970.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 2 (1971).", "page_number": "p. 27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26; Mentioned: p. 25, p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae (LIMC)</em>. Zu\u0308rich: Artemis, 1981.", "page_number": "V, PL.42, HERAKLES 1852", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome</em>: 9-10 (1983)", "page_number": "Pl. 4, Fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Keuls, Eva C. <em>The Reign of the Phallus: Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens. </em>1985.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hedreen, Guy Michael. <em>Silens in Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painting: Myth and Performance</em>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Even, Yael. \"Andrea Del Castagno's Eve: Female Heroes as Anomalies in Italian Renaissance Art.\" <em>Woman's Art Journal</em> 14, no. 2 (1993)", "page_number": "p. 41", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1358448"}, {"citation": "Keuls, Eva C.<em> Painter and poet in ancient Greece: iconography and the literary arts.</em> Stuttgart: Teubner, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 385, Fig.19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \"Hercle in Cleveland.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 3 (1998).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079696"}, {"citation": "Mahlerbe, Anne. \u201cLa Quete du Rouge: Reve et Cauchemar du Potier.\u201d <em>La Revue de la Ceramique et du Verre </em>236 (Janvier-Fevrier 2021): 50-53.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 50", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.16", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.16/1970.16_web.jpg", "width": "578", "height": "893", "filesize": "279141", "filename": "1970.16_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.16/1970.16_print.jpg", "width": "2199", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3837042", "filename": "1970.16_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.16/1970.16_full.tif", "width": "3942", "height": "6096", "filesize": "72112264", "filename": "1970.16_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.16/1970.16_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "576", "height": "893", "filesize": "296277"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.16/1970.16_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2194", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4000438"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.16/1970.16_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3934", "height": "6096", "filesize": "71965952"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:46:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.16/1970.16_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "576", "height": "893", "filesize": "264840"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.16/1970.16_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2194", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3702224"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.16/1970.16_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3934", "height": "6096", "filesize": "71965960"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:46:51", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "0bb2525bdd734bf69d5a7b2b051928ad", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/0bb2525bdd734bf69d5a7b2b051928ad", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144965, "creators": [{"id": 10906, "description": "Painter of Berlin 1899 (Greek, Attic)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -515, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "515\u2013510 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:57.089000"}, {"id": 131814, "accession_number": "1954.387", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Archangel Gabriel from an Annunciation Group, c. 1350. France, Champagne. Alabaster with traces of paint and gilding; overall: 56.5 x 26 x 10.5 cm (22 1/4 x 10 1/4 x 4 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1954.387", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "The Archangel Gabriel from an Annunciation Group", "creation_date": "c. 1350", "creation_date_earliest": 1345, "creation_date_latest": 1355, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Champagne"], "technique": "alabaster with traces of paint and gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 56.5 x 26 x 10.5 cm (22 1/4 x 10 1/4 x 4 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.565, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.26, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.105, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Ave Maria, Gratia Plena.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442290, "title": "Le Siecle de Charles V (The Century of Charles V)", "description": "<i>Le Siecle de Charles V (The Century of Charles V)</i>. R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux - Grand Palais, Paris cedex 12, France (October 10, 1981-February 1, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441241, "title": "Alabaster. European Sculpture from the Middle Ages to the Baroque", "description": "<i>Alabaster. European Sculpture from the Middle Ages to the Baroque</i>. M Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (organizer) (October 14, 2022-February 26, 2023) https://www.mleuven.be/programma/albast.", "opening_date": "2022-10-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 453138, "title": "Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster", "description": "<i>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Grand Palais, Les Fastes du Gothique: le si\u00e8cle de Charles V, exposition Galeries nationals du Grand Palais, 9 october 1981 - 1er fevrier 1982.", "opening_date": "1981-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \"Treasures of Medieval France\" 1967, p. 210-211, 370.", "opening_date": "1967-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, \"Gothic Art: 12th-14th Centuries, 12th exhibition of the Council of Europe\" April 2-July 1, 1968.", "opening_date": "1968-04-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Reunion des Mus\u00e9es Nationaux, Grand Palais, Louvre, \"Le siecle de Charles V at Grand Palais, Paris\" October 5, 1981-January, 1982, p. 113, cat. no. 60(B), repr. p. 112.", "opening_date": "1981-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007), the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008) and Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron Nathaniel de Rothschild", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Baron Alphonse de Rothschild, Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., New York, NY sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1954", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The surface of alabaster works can vary. By differentiating the intensity of polishing, it is possible for sculptures to create a surface with varying degrees of luster, or shine.", "description": "In France, the use of alabaster began in the late 1200s for funerary monuments. The Archangel Gabriel, together with its counterpart, the Virgin Mary (now in the Louvre Museum, Paris) is part of an Annunciation. This is a rare example of alabaster sculpture from the 1300s. The alabaster comes from a quarry near Malauc\u00e8ne in Provence (France), making it an instance of long-distance trade of the rare material. Although the figure is very flat, it was likely made to also be viewed from the back, where there are remnants of gilding and the peacock feathers of the angel\u2019s wing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756306"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.387-the-archangel-gabrie"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cA Fourteenth Century \u2018Angel of the Annunciation.\u2019\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 42, no. 6 (June 1955): 118\u2013121.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118-120; Reproduced: p. 121", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142046"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n37"}, {"citation": "\u201cGothic Art 1360-1440.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (September 1963): 174\u2013215.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 203, no. 21; Reproduced: p. 174, no. 21", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n76"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. Treasures from Medieval France. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 210-211", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n237"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n77"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n79"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 198-199, no. 71", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kloppmann, W., et. al. \"La Scultpture sur Albatre en France du XIVe au XVIe Siecle: Enjoux, Methodes et Resultats d'un Programme de Recherche.\" <em>Revue de l'art</em> 200 (2018).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9-19; Reproduced: p. 17, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williamson, Paul. <em>The Wyvern Collection: Medieval and Renaissance Sculpture and Metalwork</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2018.", "page_number": "CMA Mention: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Vierge de l'Annonciation.\" Site Officiel du Musee du Louvre. (Accessed on 1/22/2020).", "page_number": null, "url": "http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=car_not&idNotice=1943"}, {"citation": "Debaene, Marjan. Albast. Gent : OKV Openbaar Kunstbezit Vlaanderen, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lutz, Gerhard. \u201cArchangel Gabriel.\u201c In <em>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</em>, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 102-105. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 103-105; Reproduced: p. 102-103, no. 3, fig. 52", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.387", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.387/1954.387_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "900", "filesize": "184818", "filename": "1954.387_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.387/1954.387_print.jpg", "width": "2490", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1290843", "filename": "1954.387_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.387/1954.387_full.tif", "width": "9023", "height": "12319", "filesize": "333491492", "filename": "1954.387_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.387/1954.387_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "900", "filesize": "190462"}, "print": {"url": 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""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "bba5bad5a0704a0e880821ccb99951cc", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/bba5bad5a0704a0e880821ccb99951cc", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131814, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1345, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The sculpture was originally carved from a single piece of alabaster. Two drilled holes in the underside were likely used for installing the sculpture in its original setting. X-rays show that the angel's scroll was broken prior to its acquisition, and it has evidence of historical repairs. Pieces were reattached by drilling holes in the end of each break and securing them with metal pins and adhesive. Breaks and repairs are fairly common in medieval alabasters because of the age, history of use, and material itself. Alabaster is a translucent, whitish stone, much like marble and limestone, two other common materials used in medieval sculptures. However, alabaster is composed of gypsum, or hydrated calcium sulphate, in a fine-grained, compact form (unlike marble and limestone which are calcium carbonate). The fine grain, too small to see without magnification, and the relative ease of carving are what allow such fine detail of sculptures like the one here. These properties also make alabaster susceptible to damage like breakage and loss of detail when exposed to water.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:22.488000"}, {"id": 152588, "accession_number": "1985.40", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Josef May, 1926. Otto Dix (German, 1891\u20131969). Oil, egg tempera, and other media on board; framed: 105.1 x 88.9 x 6 cm (41 3/8 x 35 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 84 x 68.8 cm (33 1/16 x 27 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1985.40. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "Josef May", "creation_date": "1926", "creation_date_earliest": 1926, "creation_date_latest": 1926, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, 20th century"], "technique": "oil, egg tempera, and other media on board", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 105.1 x 88.9 x 6 cm (41 3/8 x 35 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 84 x 68.8 cm (33 1/16 x 27 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.051, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.889, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.84, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.688, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"OD. / 1926 [OD in monogram]; inscribed on back: \"Joseph May aus D\u00fcsseldorf / gemalt von O. Dix 1926\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309910, "title": "The Year in Review for 1985", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1985</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-April 20, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441782, "title": "Otto Dix - Zum 100. Geburtstag", "description": "<i>Otto Dix - Zum 100. Geburtstag</i>. Galerie der Stadt Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1, Germany (organizer) (September 4-November 3, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-09-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223570, "title": "Otto Dix", "description": "<i>Otto Dix</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (September 20, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Josef May, the sitter,  [-1938], Holland, given to his brother-in-law, Hugo Simons.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Hugo Simons [1892-1958] Montreal, Quebec, Canada", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Ghitta Caiserman-Roth [1923-2005], Montreal, Quebec, Canada", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Fischer Fine Arts, London, United Kingdom, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1985", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "A leader of the New Objectivity movement in Germany, Dix painted bitter critiques of modern capitalist society. To achieve a more incisive realism in his brutally honest portraits, he mixed egg tempera with other media. The sitter for this portrait, Josef May, was the Jewish manager of the Gr\u00fcnberg grain company in Arnsberg. When the Nazis seized power in 1933, May fled to Holland, where he died of a heart attack in 1938.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475687"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1985.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 2 (February 1986): 26\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56; Mentioned: p. 66, no. 97", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159930"}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \u201cOtto Dix\u2019s \u2018Portrait of Josef May.\u2019\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 8 (October 1987): 305\u2013331.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 305-306, 326, fig. 27", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160000"}, {"citation": "Olaf Peters. <em>Otto Dix</em>. Munich, Germany: Prestel, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219, 249", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.40", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152588, "creators": [{"id": 1219, "description": "Otto Dix (German, 1891\u20131969)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1891", "death_year": "1969", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-03-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1926, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1926", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:18.070000"}, {"id": 140208, "accession_number": "1964.2", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Composition Concrete (Study for Mural), 1957\u20131960. Stuart Davis (American, 1894\u20131964). Oil on canvas; framed: 130.5 x 72 x 9.5 cm (51 3/8 x 28 3/8 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 108.6 x 50.8 cm (42 3/4 x 20 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.2. \u00a9  Estate of Stuart Davis / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": "226B American Modern", "title": "Composition Concrete (Study for Mural)", "creation_date": "1957\u20131960", "creation_date_earliest": 1957, "creation_date_latest": 1960, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 130.5 x 72 x 9.5 cm (51 3/8 x 28 3/8 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 108.6 x 50.8 cm (42 3/4 x 20 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.305, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.72, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.086, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.508, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Estate of Stuart Davis / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed middle right (in script): Stuart Davis; signed, dated and inscribed on stretcher: Stuart Davis  May 1957/ Mural--Lobby Wall/ scale 2 1/2\" to 1'/ Heinz Res'ch Lab. Pitts. Pa.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 320892, "title": "Stuart Davis Memorial Exhibition, 1894-1964", "description": "<i>Stuart Davis Memorial Exhibition, 1894-1964</i>. National Collection of Fine Arts, Washington, DC (organizer) (May 28-July 5, 1965); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (July 30-August 29, 1965); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (September 14-October 17, 1965); University of California, Los Angeles (October 31-November 28, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310260, "title": "American Cities: The Artist's View", "description": "<i>American Cities: The Artist's View</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 1989-January 7, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211664, "title": "Stuart Davis", "description": "<i>Stuart Davis</i>. Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Palazzo Venier dei Leoni, Venice (June 3-September 28, 1997); Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rome (October 22, 1997-January 12, 1998); Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam (February 1-May 1, 1998); National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC (May 30-September 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-06-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Downtown Gallery, New York, Stuart Davis: Exhibition of Ten of the Paintings Used as Color Illustrations in \"Stuart Davis\" by Rudy Blesh, May 10-June 4, 1960 (pamphlet), no. 10 as Study for Mural -- Heinz Co. Research Center.", "opening_date": "1960-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Downtown Gallery, New York, Group Show - 1st Floor, November 8-December 3, 1960 (checklist) as Mural-Lobby Wall.", "opening_date": "1960-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Twenty Seventh Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting, January 14-February 26, 1961 (booklet), no. 24 as Lobby Wall.", "opening_date": "1961-01-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, Ohio, 26th Annual Mid-year Show, July 2-September 4, 1961, no. 39 as Mural Lobby.", "opening_date": "1961-07-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mary Washington College, Fredericksburg, Virginia, Mary Washington Annual, October 1962 (as Mural--Lobby Wall).", "opening_date": "1962-10-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The artist; (The Downtown Gallery, New York, NY), January 4, 1964", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(The Downtown Gallery, New York, NY, December 1964, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Davis was one of the first artists to incorporate elements from advertising in his work.", "description": "Davis\u2019s dynamic abstraction is a study for a large mural he created for the H. J. Heinz Research Center in Pittsburgh. The numerals 1957\u2014placed sideways with the last two digits playfully inverted\u2014are visible at the lower left of the composition. Here the artist not only refers to the year he started this painting, but also wittily riffs on the famous Heinz slogan \u201c57 Varieties.\u201d<br><br>Davis remarked that this painting\u2019s title evokes \u201cconcrete music,\u201d an avant-garde composition consisting of seemingly random combinations of pre-recorded sound. With its apparently improvised shapes and colors, his canvas<br>visualizes this experimental concept.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469162"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Munro, Cynthia, \"We Hitch Our Wagons: Stuart Davis and Cynthia.\" (interview with the artist). <em>Mademoiselle</em>, vol. 45, no. 4, August 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 266", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stuart Davis: Exhibition of Ten of the Paintings Used as Color Illustrations in \"Stuart Davis\" by Rudi Blesh (exhibition pamphlet). New York: The Downtown Gallery, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Twenty Seventh Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting </em>(exhibition booklet). Washington, D.C.: The Corcoran Gallery of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat n. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisitions Press Release,\u201d February 19, 1964, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1209"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"The Language of Art.\" <em>CMA Bulletin</em> 51 (November, 1964), pp. 224-225, repr. p. 225, color illus. p 209.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 224; Reproduced: p. 209, 225", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Max. \"Larry Rivers, Stuart Davis and Slang Idiom.\" <em>Artforum</em> 4 (November, 1965).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n227"}, {"citation": "\"Recent Accessions in the American Field.\" <em>Art in America</em> 54 (May-June, 1966).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n227"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Kelder, Diane, ed. <em>Stuart Davis.</em> New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: plate 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Urdang, Beth. <em>Stuart Davis: Murals. </em>Zabriskie Gallery exhibition catalog, January 27- February 14, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4; Reproduced: n. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n273"}, {"citation": "Teilman,Herdis B. \"Composition Concrete, 1957, by Stuart Davis.\" <em>Carnegie Magazine </em>(May, 1980).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilkin, Karen. <em>Stuart Davis. </em>New York Abbeville Press Publishers, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>CMA Handbook</em>, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>Stuart Davis: American Painter. </em>New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 142,296; Reproduced: p. 297", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rylands, Philip, ed. <em>Stuart Davis.</em> Milan, Electa, 1997. p. 180, 181, cat. no. 54.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 180; Reproduced: p. 181, n. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes.<em> The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121; Reproduced: p. 34, n. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review for 1964.\" <em>CMA Bulletin</em> 51 (December, 1964).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 266, n. 156", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.2", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Hammond Hemmelgarn Family Gallery", "athena_id": 140208, "creators": [{"id": 3420, "description": "Stuart Davis (American, 1894\u20131964)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1894", "death_year": "1964", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1957, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1957\u20131960", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Study for Mural"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:07.470000"}, {"id": 92844, "accession_number": "2020.110", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Blessing of a Yacht on the Belon River, 1899. Maurice Denis (French, 1870\u20131943). Oil on canvas; unframed: 75 x 80 cm (29 1/2 x 31 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift, 2020.110", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Blessing of a Yacht on the Belon River", "creation_date": "1899", "creation_date_earliest": 1899, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": ["male", "Nabis"], "culture": ["France"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 75 x 80 cm (29 1/2 x 31 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.75, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.8, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "framed": {"height": 0.987, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.046, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  MAVD", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Galerie Bernheim, Paris France (April 1900).", "opening_date": "1900-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "La Libre Esthetique, Brussels, Belgium (1903).", "opening_date": "1903-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Union Centrale des Arts decoratifs</em>. Pavillon Marsan, Paris, France (1924).", "opening_date": "1924-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Retrospective Maurice Denis</em>. Tate Gallery, London, United Kingdom (January-February, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Pont-Aven: Gauguin und sein Kreis in der Bretagne</em>. Kunsthaus, Zurich, Switzerland (March-April 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maurice Denis</em>. Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris, France (June 3-August 31, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-06-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maurice Denis</em>. Kunsthalle, Bremen, Germany (October 17-December 5, 1971); Kunsthaus, Zurich, Switzerland (January 29-March 12, 1972); Stantens Museum fur Kunst, Copenhagen, Denmark (April 8-May 7, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Post-Impressionism: Crosscurrents in European Painting</em>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom (November 1979-March 1980); National Gallery of Art, Washington DC (May-September 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gauguin and the School of Pont-Aven</em>. Museum W\u00fcrth, K\u00fcnzelsau, Germany (March 2-June 1,1997).", "opening_date": "1997-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Kenavo Monsieur Gauguin - Centenaire de la mort de Gauguin</em>. Mus\u00e8e de Pont-Aven, Pont-Aven, France (June 28-September 29, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-06-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the Artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1899-1903", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(La Livre Esthetique, Brussels, Belgium, acquired by Thomas Braun directly from the \nartist)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to the bill of sale in the curatorial file, Thomas Braun purchased this painting from Maurice Denis at La Libre Esthetique, an artistic society in Brussels.</div>"], "date": "1903", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Thomas Braun [1876-1961] Brussels, Belgium, consigned to Galerie Andrew Maurice", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1903\u20131962", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Galerie Andrew Maurice, Paris, France, May 14, 1962, sold to the family of Samuel Josefowicz)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Buyer information is according to a handwritten annotation on the bill of sale.</div>"], "date": "1962", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Family of Samuel Josefowicz, sold to Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962\u20132015", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2015\u20132020", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Denis was an extremely prolific artist who experimented with other art forms. His decorative murals can be viewed in many French churches as well as on the ceiling of the Champs \u00c9lys\u00e9es Theatre in Paris.", "description": "Maurice Denis made this painting during the summer of 1899 while vacationing with his family in the coastal village of Le Pouldu in Brittany in northwestern France. Two-thirds of this canvas is filled by the lavender-pink surface of the water, dotted with touches of color that suggest reflections of flags and sails on the Belon River. Local women wearing traditional headdresses observe the scene from the riverbank in the foreground, shaded by trees whose foliage frames the top of the composition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87481157"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2020.110-blessing-of-a-yacht"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>\u0152uvres de Bonnard, Maurice Denis, Ibels, Aristide Maillol, Hermann Paul, Ranson, Roussel, Serusier, Vallotton, Vuillard: catalogue. </em>Paris: MM. Bernheim Jeune et fils, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Denis no. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition Maurice Denis 1888-1924 </em>[Parijs, 1924]. Paris: Union centrale des Arts de\u0301coratifs, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8, no. 112", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Pont-Aven: Gauguin und sein Kreis in der Bretagne.</em> Zu\u0308rich: Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 172, no. 168", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Distel, Anne. <em>Maurice Denis. Orangerie des Tuileries, 3 juin-31 aou\u0302t 1970</em>. Paris, France: Ministe\u0300re d'E\u0301tat, Affaires culturelles, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 39, no. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Maurice Denis. Gema\u0308lde, Handzeichnungen, Druckgraphik. Meisterwerke des Nachimpressionismus aus der Sammlung Maurice Denis. </em>(Ausstellung,) Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich, 29. Jan-12. Ma\u0308rz 1972. (Katalog.). 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 42, no. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "House, John, and Mary Anne Stevens. <em>Post-Impressionism: Cross-Currents in European Painting</em>. London, United Kingdom : Royal Academy of Arts, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 67, no. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Gallery of Art (US.). <em>Post-Impressionism: Cross-Currents in European and American Painting, 1880-1906</em>. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 129; Mentioned: P. 128, no. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald.<em> Gauguin and the Pont-Aven School.</em> [Sydney, Australia]: [Art Gallery of New South Wales], 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 112-113, no. 68", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald, and Richard R. Brettell. <em>Gauguin and the School of Pont-Aven.</em> London: Apollo, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 96, no. 68", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald. <em>Gauguin and the School of Pont-Aven</em>. Sigmaringen, Germany: Thorbecke, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 180-181, no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kerlo, Le\u0301o, Rene\u0301 Le Bihan, and Jacqueline Duroc. <em>[Peintres des co\u0302tes de Bretagne]</em>. Douarnenez, France: Chasse-mare\u0301e/Armen, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 154-155", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Kenavo Monsieur Gauguin: Muse\u0301e de Pont-Aven, 28 juin-29 septembre 2003</em>. Pont-Aven, France: Muse\u0301e de Pont-Aven, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced:. p. 64-65, no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kerlo, Le\u0301o, and Jacqueline Duroc. <em>Peintres des co\u0302tes de Bretagne. 4, 4.</em> Douardenez: Chasse-mare\u0301e, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 154-155", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Delouche, Denise. <em>Maurice Denis et la Bretagne.</em> Quimper: Palantines, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 58-59; Reproduced: P.146, no. PA-41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Historic Gift. Longtime CMA supporters Joseph and Nancy Keithley give 114 works, the largest gift in more than 60 years.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 3 (Summer 2020): Cover, 6-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stahl, Fabienne. \"Maurice Denis.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 68-73. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 68-73; Mentioned: p. 261-263", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.110", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.110/2020.110_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "842", "filesize": "413512", "filename": "2020.110_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.110/2020.110_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3181", "filesize": "5415385", "filename": "2020.110_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.110/2020.110_full.tif", "width": "10778", "height": "10084", "filesize": "326086424", "filename": "2020.110_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 92844, "creators": [{"id": 22965, "description": "Maurice Denis (French, 1870\u20131943)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1870", "death_year": "1943", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1899, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1899", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.506000"}, {"id": 165186, "accession_number": "2007.180", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Frogs and Lily Pads (Grenouilles et N\u00e9nuphars) Vase, 1909\u201312. Ren\u00e9 Lalique (French, 1860\u20131945). Glass; overall: 21 x 29.8 cm (8 1/4 x 11 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2007.180", "current_location": "221 19th Century Decorative Arts", "title": "Frogs and Lily Pads (Grenouilles et N\u00e9nuphars) Vase", "creation_date": "1909\u201312", "creation_date_earliest": 1909, "creation_date_latest": 1912, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Overall: 21 x 29.8 cm (8 1/4 x 11 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.298, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\"R. Lalique\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Roger J. Mour\u00e9 Collection, (Phillips, New York, March 12, 1979, Lot 147).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1979", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Frey Collection (Christie's, New York, June 10, 1988, Lot 51).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1988", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Tsuyoshi Kajikawa, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1988-2006", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Collection of Tsuyoshi Kajikawa (Christie's, New York, 10 February 2006, Lot 94).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2006", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "A Private Collection of G. Argy Rousseau and Rene Lalique Masters of French Design (Christie's, New York, 18 December 2006, Lot 415)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2006", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mark Waller, Gallery Moderne, Piermont, New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique placed little sheets of metal foil behind the applied green frogs to reflect a dark green tint back to the viewer.", "description": "This vase is an early example of French designer Ren\u00e9 Lalique's experimentation with producing artistic glass. Lalique combines applied, cast, and molded glass techniques to achieve an ethereal effect of a murky swamp, a typical Art Nouveau motif. Lily pads adorn the surface with green frogs perched on top.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756278"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Laurvik, J. Nilsen. <em>Rene\u0301 Lalique</em>. New York: Haviland &amp; Co., 1912.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Dawes, Nicholas M. <em>Lalique Glass.</em> New York: Crown, 1986.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=12081181"}, {"citation": "Rene\u0301 Lalique et cie, and Christie, Manson &amp; Woods International Inc.<em> Important Lalique Glass: The Frey</em> <em>Collection.</em> New York: Christie's, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Marcilhac, Fe\u0301lix. <em>Rene\u0301 Lalique, 1860-1945, mai\u0302tre-verrier: analyse de l'\u0153uvre et catalogue raisonne\u0301. </em>Paris: Editions de l'Amateur, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=54542455"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44, reproduced: cat. 151", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=230187932"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with, New York, NY: Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced & discussed: pp.  298-299", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=813973055"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced & discussed: p. 145", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n21/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 24", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2007.180", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "460728", "filename": "2007.180_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3621476", "filename": "2007.180_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66617332", "filename": "2007.180_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "449548"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3551213"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66617416"}, "date_created": "2007-09-13T13:08:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "405784"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3061625"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "133203252"}, "date_created": "2007-09-13T13:09:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "437383"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3531020"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66617140"}, "date_created": "2007-09-13T13:12:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "460089"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3621727"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2007.180/2007.180_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66618720"}, "date_created": "2007-09-13T13:06:21", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 165186, "creators": [{"id": 8607, "description": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique (French, 1860\u20131945)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1860", "death_year": "1945", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2007-09-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1909, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1909\u201312", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:33:41.623000"}, {"id": 170093, "accession_number": "2012.31", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Evasion, 1947. Jared French (American, 1905\u20131988). Tempera on canvas mounted to panel; unframed: 54.5 x 29.2 x 0.7 cm (21 7/16 x 11 1/2 x 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2012.31", "current_location": "226B American Modern", "title": "Evasion", "creation_date": "1947", "creation_date_earliest": 1947, "creation_date_latest": 1947, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "tempera on canvas mounted to panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 54.5 x 29.2 x 0.7 cm (21 7/16 x 11 1/2 x 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.545, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.292, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.007, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed upper left recto: \"Jared French\"\r\nInscribed verso: \"JARED FRENCH / egg yolk tempera / EVASION\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting</em>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (December 6, 1947\u2013January 25, 1948).", "opening_date": "1947-12-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Symbolic Realism in American Painting</em>. Institute of Contemporary Arts, London (July 18\u2013August 18, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-07-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Paintings and Drawings by Jared French.</em> Edwin Hewitt Gallery, New York (April 21\u2013May 12, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Jared French: Paintings and Drawings.</em> Robert Isaacson Gallery, New York (February 6\u201324, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-02-06T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>An Exhibition of Contemporary Painting, Sculpture, and Graphic Art. </em>Academy Art Gallery, National Institute of Arts and Letters, New York ( March 3\u2013April 2, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Jared French: 25 Years of Paintings and Drawings from 1944 to 1969. </em>Banfer Gallery, New York (February 19\u2013March 8, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-02-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Close Encounters: The Art of Paul Cadmus, Jared French and George Tooker. </em>Midtown Galleries, New York (February 22\u2013April 7, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-04-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Rediscovery of Jared French.</em> Midtown Payson Galleries, New York (April 21\u2013May 29, 1992); Mead Art Museum, Amherst College, MA (October 2\u2013November 29, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Villa America: American Moderns, 1900-1950.</em> Orange County Museum of Art, Newport Beach, CA (June 4\u2013October 2, 2005); Minneapolis Institute of Arts (December 4, 2005\u2013February 26, 2006); Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, TX (March 15\u2013June 4, 2006); Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Philadelphia (September 23\u2013December 31, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-06-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Margaret French [1906-1998] (Midtown Payson Galleries, New York, NY, 1988, sold to Myron Kunin, 1991)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1988-1991", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Myron Kunin [1925-2013], Minneapolis, MN", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Ownership variously listed under Regis Corporation Collection, Minneapolis; and Curtis Galleries, Minneapolis&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1991-2011", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Alexandre Fine Art, New York, NY, sold to Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2012-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "French favored a form of tempera painting in which egg yolk is a primary ingredient.", "description": "French was well regarded during the 1940s and \u201950s as one of the most accomplished and fascinating magic realist painters. A still understudied group of artists, the magic realists revived painstaking old master techniques to make convincing their enigmatic images that address a wide range of personal and social concerns. Part of a series of works French made to chronicle the human condition, Evasion symbolizes an individual\u2019s attempt to deny the physical self. As such, the painting manifests tensions regarding sexual mores in mid 20th-century America. While it is reductive to attribute French\u2019s iconographic interest in Evasion solely to his bisexuality, the fact remains that French was one of the first American artists whose same-sex desires were recognized and acknowledged by contemporaries who viewed his work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480961"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting</em>.New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1947.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kirstein, Lincoln. <em>Symbolic Realism in American Painting, 1940-1950. </em>London: Institute of Contemporary Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Munroe, Eleanor C. \"Jared French.\" <em>Art News</em> 54 (April 1955)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lonngren, Lillian. \"Jared French.\" <em>Art News</em> 61 (March 1962)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14; Reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "French, Jared \"Artists on their Art.\" <em>Art International</em> 12 (April 20, 1968)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Jared French: 25 Years of Paintings and Drawings from 1944 to 1969. </em>New York: Banfer Gallery, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Greta, and Jeffrey Wechsler. Realism and Realities: The Other Side of American Painting, 1940-1960 : [Catalogue of an Exhibition Held at] Rutgers University Art Gallery, New Brunswick, New Jersey, January 17-March 26, 1982, Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, Montgomery, Alabama, April 15-June 13, 1982, the Art Gallery, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, September 7-October 18, 1982. [New Brunswick, N.J.]: Rutgers University Art Gallery, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grimes, Nancy. \"Paul Cadmus, Jared French, George Tooker,\" <em>Art News</em> 89 (September 1990)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "French, Jared, and Jeffrey Wechsler. The Rediscovery of Jared French. New York: Midtown Payson Galleries, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8, 14-15; Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grimes,Nancy. \"French's Symbolic Figuration,\" <em>Art in America</em> 80 (November 1992)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114; Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grimes, Nancy, and Jared French. <em>Jared French's Myths</em>. San Francisco, Calif: Pomegranate Artbooks, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward. <em>American Realism.</em> New York: Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150-151; Reproduced: p. 150", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark.\"Jared French (1905-1988),\" Ph.D. dissertation, University of Delaware, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 215, 269-270, 395; Reproduced: p. 513", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u014ce, Kenzabur\u014d. <em>Le jeu du si\u00e8cle. </em>Paris: Gallimard, 2000, illus. cover (detail).", "page_number": "Cover detail", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leddick, David.<em> Intimate Companions: A Triography of George Platt Lynes, Paul Cadmus, Lincoln Kirstein, and Their Circle</em>. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 223", "url": null}, {"citation": "Edgecombe, Rodney. \"Jared French's Iconic Enigmas,\"<em> The Gay and Lesbian Review</em> 11, July-August 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Elizabeth, and William C. Agee.<em> Villa America: American Moderns, 1900-1950.</em> Newport Beach, Calif: Orange County Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29-30, 128; Reproduced: p. 30, 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Panzetta, Alfonso.<em> Jared French by Jared French: 600 Opere indetite dal fondo italiano dell'artista. </em>Turin, Italy: Allemandi, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25, 32-33, 134, 328, 350, 365; Reproduced: 134, 328", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Museum's East Wing Quietly Reopens, Revealing Impressive Changes,\" <em>Plain Dealer</em>, August 18, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. E3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grant, Daniel. \"Museums by the Numbers: 2012 in Review,\" <em>Antiques and Fine Art </em>12 (Winter / Spring 2013)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Acquistions 2012,\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 53 (March / April 2013).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Artistic Excellence: Acquisitions 2012-14</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10, 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schreiber, Michael.<em>One-Man Show: The Life and Art of Bernard Perlin.</em> Berlin, Germany: Bruno Gmuender, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Angela. \"Sinners all: the queer world of Paul Cadmus's seven deadly sins.\" <em>American Art</em> 36, no. 1 (Spring 2022): 111-136.", "page_number": "reproduced p.129; mentioned p.128-129", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.31", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Hammond Hemmelgarn Family Gallery", "athena_id": 170093, "creators": [{"id": 62312, "description": "Jared French (American, 1905\u20131988)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1905", "death_year": "1988", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1947, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1947", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:18.390000"}, {"id": 130163, "accession_number": "1952.542", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Young Woman with a Turban, c. 1780. Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825). Oil on canvas; framed: 76 x 66 x 8 cm (29 15/16 x 26 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 55.2 x 46 cm (21 3/4 x 18 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of George S. Kendrick, 1952.542", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Young Woman with a Turban", "creation_date": "c. 1780", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1785, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76 x 66 x 8 cm (29 15/16 x 26 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 55.2 x 46 cm (21 3/4 x 18 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.76, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.66, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.552, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.46, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "<i>Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-April 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441416, "title": "Jacques-Louis David", "description": "<i>Jacques-Louis David</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (October 26, 1988-February 12, 1989); Mus\u00e9e National de Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles, 78 008 Versailles cedex, France (October 26, 1988-February 12, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-10-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>David et Ses El\u00e8ves</em>, Palais des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris (Petit Palais), Paris, France (April 7-June 9, 1913).", "opening_date": "1913-04-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Art since Eighteen Hundred, </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, Cleveland, OH (June 26 to October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Golden Gate International Exposition. Masterworks of Five Centuries, </em>San Francisco, CA (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs,</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-March 7, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Sculpture by Houdon. Paintings and drawings by David. Loan exhibition</em>, Century Association, New York, NY (February 19 to April 10, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-02-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sale?: Ho\u0302tel de Bullion, Didot Collection, Paris, France, 6 April 1825 (lot 114).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "6 April 1825", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sale: Baron Gros, Paris, France, November-1 December 1835 (lot 127).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November-1 December 1835", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Augustin Alexandre Dumont (1801-1884), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mme Audard", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1913", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Henry G. Dalton (1862-1932), Cleveland, OH, left to his grandson, George S. Kendrick", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1929-1932", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "George S. Kendrick (1899-1979), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932-1952", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["102.42", "2426.29"], "did_you_know": "The high quality of this painting was of such renown that David\u2019s students requested permission to copy it.", "description": "Known as a <em>t\u00eate d'expression</em> or \"expressive head,\" this painting represents an essential part of the academic training of history painters who specialized in religious, mythological, or historical subjects. In 1760, such exercises became standard at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts) in Paris, then known as Acad\u00e9mie royale de peinture et de sculpture. Focusing on the relationship between morality and beauty, the goal of a history painter is not only to create a pleasing image, but also to represent the emotions of the soul.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516167"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.542-young-woman-with-a-t"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa, and Jacques Louis David. <em>Necklines: The Art of Jacques-Louis David After the Terror.</em> New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "124", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Didot, Lacoste, Gibe\u0301, and Henry. <em>Catalogue d'une pre\u0301cieuse collection de tableaux choisis dans toutes les e\u0301coles anciennes et modernes.</em> Paris: Se distribue\u0301 ... chez M. Lacoste, commissaire-priseur, M. Gibe\u0301, commissaire-priseur, M. Henry, commissaire-expert des Muse\u0301es royaux, 1825.", "page_number": "lot 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David, J. L. Jules. Le peintre Louis David, 1748-1825; souvenirs &amp; documents ine\u0301dits. Paris: V. Havard, 1880.", "page_number": "1:634", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Petit Palais (Paris, France)<em>. Exposition David et ses e\u0301le\u0300ves, 7 avril-9 juin, 1913, Palais des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris: catalogue</em>. 1913.", "page_number": "no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cFrench Art since Eighteen Hundred.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929)", "page_number": "p. 159", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137246"}, {"citation": "<em>Arts </em>16 (January 1930).", "page_number": "pp. 322, 324", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cantinelli, R., Jacques Louis David, and R. Cantinelli. <em>Jacques-Louis David, 1748-1825</em>. 1930.", "page_number": "No. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary <em>Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "no. 267", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Art News</em> (13 June 1936).", "page_number": "13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "San Francisco (Calif.).<em> Historical American Paintings; Official Catalog, Department of Fine Arts, Golden Gate International Exposition. </em>1939.", "page_number": "no. 111", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. <em>Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs; The Cleveland Museum of Art, February 7 Through March 7, 1940.</em> 1940.", "page_number": "no. 228", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken.<em> Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs; The Cleveland Museum of Art, February 7 Through March 7, 1940.</em> 1940.", "page_number": "no. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Holma, Klaus.<em> David, son evolution et son style.</em> Paris: [P. Lejay], 1940.", "page_number": "126, no. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Century Association (New York, N.Y.), William Mathewson Milliken, and James Thrall Soby. <em>Sculpture by Houdon. Paintings and Drawings by David. Loan Exhibition, February 19 to April 10, 1947. </em>1947.", "page_number": "no. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Florisoone, Michel<em>. David: exposition en l'honneur du deuxie\u0300me centenaire de sa naissance [juin-septembre, 1948]</em>. [Paris]: E\u0301ditions des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1948.", "page_number": "41, 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. </em>1955.", "page_number": "2:45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lindsay, Jack. <em>Death of the Hero; French Painting from David to Delacroix.</em> London: Studio, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 40, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cJean Auguste Dominique Ingres: Antiochus and Stratonice.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 4 (1968)", "page_number": "p. 112, n.9", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152209"}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. <em>France in the Eighteenth Century.</em> London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1968.", "page_number": "62, no. 177", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n188"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n222"}, {"citation": "Sloane, Joseph C., and John Minor Wisdom.<em> French Nineteenth Century Oil Sketches, David to Degas: An Exhibition in Honor of the Retirement of Joseph Curtis Sloane ... : the William Hayes Ackland Memorial Art Center, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, March 5 Through April 16, 1978</em>. Chapel Hill, N.C.: The University, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David, Jacques Louis, Antoine Schnapper, Arlette Se\u0301rullaz, and Elisabeth Agius-d'Yvoire. <em>Jacques-Louis David, 1748-1825</em>. Paris: Eds. de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1989.", "page_number": "no. 45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bordes, Philippe \"Paris and Versailles: David.\" <em>Burlington Magazine</em> (February 1990).", "page_number": "154", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Scott, Barbara. \"Letter from Paris: David's Portraits.\" <em>Apollo</em> 131 (February 1990).", "page_number": "115-6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Michel, Re\u0301gis. <em>David contre David: actes du colloque organise\u0301 au Muse\u0301e du Louvre par le Service culturel du 6 au 10 de\u0301cembre 1989.</em> Paris: Documentation franc\u0327aise, 1993.", "page_number": "2: 899", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Monneret, Sophie, and Jacques Louis David.<em> David and Neo-Classicism. </em>Paris: Terrail, 1999.", "page_number": "66-67", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 190-193, Vol. I, no. 71", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ge\u0301ricault, The\u0301odore, and Bruno Chenique.<em> Ge\u0301ricault, au coeur de la cre\u0301ation romantique: e\u0301tudes pour Le radeau de la Me\u0301duse</em>. [Paris]: Chaudun, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 34, fig 111.5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods International Inc. \"Lot 11 : Jacques-Louis David.\" <em>Revolution</em>, April 13, 2016: [46]-[51].", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [48], fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" CAN Journal (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.542", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.542/1952.542_web.jpg", "width": "747", "height": "893", "filesize": "448297", "filename": "1952.542_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.542/1952.542_print.jpg", "width": "2846", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6284260", "filename": "1952.542_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.542/1952.542_full.tif", "width": "3983", "height": "4759", "filesize": "56896308", "filename": "1952.542_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of George S. Kendrick", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130163, "creators": [{"id": 1643, "description": "Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The founder and leading painter of the neoclassical movement in France, Jacques-Louis David was born in Paris to a prosperous family of artists and archi-tects. In 1766 he entered the Acad\u00e9mie Royale as the pupil of Joseph-Marie Vien (1716-1809). After several failed attempts, David won the Prix de Rome in 1774. The following year he left for Italy, where he studied antique art and envisioned replacing the frivolity of the rococo with an art of grandeur, simplicity, and moral virtue. After returning to Paris in 1780, he established his reputa-tion with three spectacular successes at the Salon: The Oath of the Horatii (1785, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), The Death of Socrates (1787, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), and The Lictors Bring-ing Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (1789, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). Widely interpreted as moral parables for contemporary political events, these archetypes of neoclassical aesthetics set the standard for academic painting of the next century. In the 1790s David joined the radical Jacobin Club and played an active role in the French Revolution. He allied himself with Robespierre, served a short term as president of the Convention, and voted for the execution of Louis XVI. He also placed his artistic talents at the service of the Revolution by creating paintings that glorified its martyrs and by organizing public festivals that celebrated the new political order. As the most prominent artist in the revolutionary ranks, he led the attack against the Acad\u00e9mie Royale that culminated in its abolish-ment in 1793. When the excesses of the Reign of Terror precipitated the fall of Robespierre in 1794, David was imprison-ed but spared execution. Authorities released him the following year due to ill health. Around 1798 David developed a new alliance with the brilliant young general of the Directory, Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte. David's painting The Intervention of the Sabine Women (1799, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris) coalesced perfectly with Napoleonic propaganda urging national reconciliation. After the coup d'\u00e9tat of 1799, Napol\u00e9on was named first consul and began supplying David with important commissions. Upon Napol\u00e9on's coronation in 1804, David was appointed first painter to the emperor. David's monumental painting The Coronation of Napol\u00e9on, or Le Sacre (1805-7, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), introduced a less spartan, more colorful and emotive style. However, as seen in his life-size portrait Napol\u00e9on in His Study (1812, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), David increasingly searched to balance this new heroic-romanticism with an exacting realism. In 1816, following Napol\u00e9on's defeat at Waterloo and the restoration of the monarchy, David went into exile in Belgium. He spent the last nine years of his life in Brussels, painting mostly mythological subjects and portraits. David died of a stroke in 1825 and was denied burial in France.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madame Dugazon as Andromache"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:43:28.198000"}, {"id": 136313, "accession_number": "1960.193.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Arrival of the \"Southern Barbarians\" (\u5357\u86ee\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), c. 1600. Japan, Momoyama period (1573\u20131615). One of a pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper; image: 146.7 x 337.2 cm (57 3/4 x 132 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1960.193.2", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "Arrival of the \"Southern Barbarians\"", "title_in_original_language": "\u5357\u86ee\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "c. 1600", "creation_date_earliest": 1595, "creation_date_latest": 1605, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Momoyama period (1573\u20131615)"], "technique": "One of a pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 146.7 x 337.2 cm (57 3/4 x 132 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.467, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 3.372, "width_inch": 132, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "<i>Japanese Decorative Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "<i>Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310241, "title": "Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615)", "description": "<i>Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4-December 11, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 214165, "title": "Restoration at Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties", "description": "<i>Restoration at Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties</i>. Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties (organizer) (May 22, 1997-April 28, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-05-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Japanese Rotation (Gallery 237)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 29-December 23, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-05-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ogiware Yasunosuke", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Nagami Takutaro \u6c38\u898b \u5fb3\u592a\u90ce [1890\u20131950], Nagasaki, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Mayuyama and Company, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131960", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1960.194"], "did_you_know": "Europeans were called \"Southern Barbarians\" because their ships arrived in Japan from the south.", "description": "This screen and its corresponding screen show Portuguese merchants arriving in Japan, having crossed the oceans in their large ship with a multinational crew. The Portuguese were known in Japan as the \u201cSouthern Barbarians\u201d because they arrived from the south and their customs and manners were unfamiliar to the Japanese, who had not encountered anyone from Europe until their first appearance in 1543. In 1639, the Portuguese were forced out of Japan, mainly owing to internal difficulties caused by their Catholic missionaries, but they were a major conduit for both objects and ideas from Europe for nearly 100 years.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465508"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.193.2-arrival-of-the-south"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yoshida, Teruji \u5409\u7530\u668e\u4e8c. <em>Ukiyoe taisei</em> \u6d6e\u4e16\u7e6a\u5927\u6210. Tokyo \u6771\u4eac: Toho Shoin \u6771\u65b9\u66f8\u9662, Showa \u662d\u548c 5\u20136 [1930 \u20131931].", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 108\u2013110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Ho\u0304un </em>\u5bf3\u96f2, no. 4 (1932): pp. 64\u201383.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Buhot, Jean. \"Les Paravents Des Portugais: A Propos du Paravent du Mus\u00e9e Guimet.\" <em>Revue Des Arts Asiatiques</em> 12, no. 2/3 (June-September 1938): 113\u2013124.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 2\u20134", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/43474404"}, {"citation": "Okamoto, Yoshitomo \u5ca1\u672c\u826f\u77e5. <em>Nanban byo\u0304bu ko\u0304 </em>\u5357\u86ee\u5c5b\u98a8\u8003. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304shinsha, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: title page", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Narazaki, Muneshige \u6962\u5d0e \u5b97\u91cd. \"Japan's Trade with Western Countries\" <em>Kokka</em> no. 764 (November, 1955).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 361, pl. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kondo\u0304, Ichitaro\u0304 \u8fd1\u85e4\u5e02\u592a\u90ce. <em>Momoyama sho\u0304hekiga meisaku ten</em> \u6843\u5c71\u969c\u58c1\u753b\u540d\u4f5c\u5c55. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  no. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Zusetsu sekai bunkashi taikei </em>\u56f3\u8aaa\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u53f2\u5927\u7cfb. Tokyo: Kadokawa shoten, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 23, part 4 , figs. 60\u201361", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review| 1960.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 47, no. 10 (1960): 223\u2013254.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 34, pp. 224\u2013225; Mentioned: no. 34, pp. 223 and 251", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142422"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Japanese Decorative Style</em>. Tokyo: Makoto Nakao, 1962.", "page_number": "cat. no. 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Von Ragu\u00e9, Beatrix. \"A Pair of Screens with the \"Southern Barbarians\".\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 2 (1965): 27\u201333.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152033"}, {"citation": "Narazaki, Muneshige \u6962\u5d0e \u5b97\u91cd. \"The Types of Namban Screens\" <em>Kokka </em>no. 881 (August, 1965): pp. 33\u201338.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 7\u20139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 280", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n304"}, {"citation": "Bowie, Theodore Robert, J. Leroy Davidson, and Rudolf Wittkower. <em>East-West in Art: Patterns of Cultural &amp; Aesthetic Relationships</em>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 186", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mayuyama, Junkichi \u7e6d\u5c71\u9806\u5409. <em>Japanese Art in the West</em>. [Tokyo]: Mayuyama &amp; Co, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 351; Reproduced: pp. 168\u2013169, pls. 198a and b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Katsuki Takashi. \"Namban Byobu.\" <em>Oriental Art</em>, vol. 13 (Winter, 1967).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Charleston, R. J., and John Ayers. <em>World Ceramics: An Illustrated History</em>. London: Hamlyn, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 67, pl. 187", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 280", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n304"}, {"citation": "Shimada, Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce. <em>Zaigai hiho\u0304: O\u0304bei shu\u0304zo\u0304 nihon kaiga shu\u0304sei </em>\u5728\u5916\u79d8\u5b9d : \u6b27\u7c73\u6536\u8535\u65e5\u672c\u7d75\u753b\u96c6\u6210.  Tokyo: Gakushu kenkyusha, Showa 44 [1969].", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, pt. 1, pls. 42 and 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grilli, Elise. <em>The Art of the Japanese Screen</em>. New York: Weatherhill, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 234\u2013235, pl. 130", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Okamoto, Yoshitomo \u5ca1\u672c\u826f\u77e5, and Takamizawa Tadao \u9ad8\u898b\u6ca2\u5fe0\u96c4. <em>Nanban byo\u0304bu </em>\u5357\u86ee\u5c5b\u98a8. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Kajima Shuppankai, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 179, pl. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru \u5742\u672c\u6e80, Tadashi Sugase \u83c5\u702c\u6b63, and Fujio\u0304 Naruse \u6210\u702c\u4e0d\u4e8c\u96c4. <em>Nanban bijutsu to Yo\u0304fu\u0304ga</em> \u5357\u86ee\u7f8e\u8853\u3068\u6d0b\u98a8\u753b. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakkan, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 52\u201353", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. <em>Japanese Culture; a Short History</em>. New York: Praeger, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 40 (left screen only)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Japanese Art in the West.\" <em>The Sun</em>, no. 21 (Winter, 1977): pp. 82-83.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum, 1977.", "page_number": "cat. no. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru \u5742\u672c\u6e80. <em>Fu\u0304zokuga: Nanban fu\u0304zoku </em>\u98a8\u4fd7\u753b: \u5357\u86ee\u98a8\u4fd7. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ko\u0304dnsha, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 88\u201389 and 92, pls. 97, 98, 105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru. Nanban byo\u0304bu. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shibundo\u0304, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pl. 32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 378", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n398"}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Eastern Gate: An Invitation to the Arts of China and Japan</em>. Cleveland, OH: Collins, 1979.", "page_number": "pp. 228\u2013230", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vollmer, John, E. J. Keall, and E. Nagai-Berthrong. <em>Silk Roads, China Ships</em>. Toronto, ON: Royal Ontario Museum, 1983.", "page_number": "pp. 136, 181", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Fugetsu sansui \u98a8\u6708\u5c71\u6c34<em>.\" </em>Vol. 12 in <em>Nihon no isho\u0304</em> \u65e5\u672c\u306e\u610f\u5320. Yoshioka, Yukio \u5409\u5ca1\u5e78\u96c4, editor. Kyo\u0304to-shi: Kyo\u0304to Shoin, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 74\u201375, color pl. 75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tsutsui, Hiroichi \u7b52\u4e95\u7d18\u4e00 and Tatsuro\u0304 Akai \u8d64\u4e95\u9054\u90ce. <em>Chanoyu kaiga shiryo\u0304 shu\u0304sei </em>\u8336\u306e\u6e6f\u7d75\u753b\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u6210. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Heibonsha, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 31, no. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Steele, Marcia, \"A Royal Plaque\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 07, September 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-09/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. <em>Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: cat. no. 9, pp. 24\u201325", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rivero Lake, Rodrigo. <em>Namban: Art in Viceregal Mexico</em>. [Madrid]: Estilome\u0301xico Editores, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp.165\u2013167", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 182\u2013183", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Welsh, Jennifer L. \"Cultural Trends and Cross-Cultural Interest: The 'Southern Barbarian Screens,' and Early Modern Japan.\" <em>Japan Studies Association Journal </em>10 (2012).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164, ill. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 243; Reproduced: pp. 232\u2013233", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Usanov-Geissler, Nora. <em>Kyo\u0304to und seine Anderen: bildku\u0308nstlerische Imaginationen der Ku\u0308ste auf japanischen nanban byo\u0304bu</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Iudicium, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 79, fig. 55", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.193.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.2/1960.193.2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "410", "filesize": "", "filename": "1960.193.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.2/1960.193.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1549", "filesize": "", "filename": "1960.193.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.2/1960.193.2_full.tif", "width": "13907", "height": "6336", "filesize": "", "filename": "1960.193.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.2/1960.193.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "575", "filesize": "729383"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.2/1960.193.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": 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"1263", "height": "583", "filesize": "763224"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.2/1960.193.2_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "946", "filesize": "2014857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.193.2/1960.193.2_alt8_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "946", "filesize": "5814300"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136313, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-11-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1595, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1600", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1960.193", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Namban Byobu: Screen of Southern Barbarians"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:57:20.926000"}, {"id": 136509, "accession_number": "1960.80", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Silver Wine Jug, Ham, and Fruit, c. 1660\u201366. Abraham van Beyeren (Dutch, 1620/21\u20131690). Oil on canvas; framed: 124.5 x 108 x 8.5 cm (49 x 42 1/2 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 99.7 x 82.6 cm (39 1/4 x 32 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1960.80", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Silver Wine Jug, Ham, and Fruit", "creation_date": "c. 1660\u201366", "creation_date_earliest": 1660, "creation_date_latest": 1666, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 124.5 x 108 x 8.5 cm (49 x 42 1/2 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 99.7 x 82.6 cm (39 1/4 x 32 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.245, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.08, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.085, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.997, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.826, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"AVB g. [monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304393, "title": "Chardin and the Still Life Tradition in France", "description": "<i>Chardin and the Still Life Tradition in France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 6-August 12, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309567, "title": "The Porcelain Connection", "description": "<i>The Porcelain Connection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-August 15, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309664, "title": "Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink", "description": "<i>Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 26-October 9, 1983); The Toledo Museum of Art (September 15, 1983-November 18, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-07-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441949, "title": "A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands", "description": "<i>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (co-organizer) (December 10, 1988-February 12, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 191843, "title": "Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720", "description": "<i>Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (June 19-September 19, 1999); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 31, 1999-January 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-31T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>A Prosperous Past:Dutch Still Life Paintings from the Golden Age. </em>Stedelijk Museum het Prinsenhof, Delft, Netherlands; Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA; The Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (December 10, 1988-February. 4, 1989). (lent to Fort Worth only).", "opening_date": "1988-12-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Pierrey, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The Munich Central Collecting Point property card for the van Beyeren painting notes the following under \u201cidentifying marks\u201d: \u201cexposition Monte Carlo/[sous?] Pierrey, Paris/ca. 1908 (?),\u201d an indication that the van Beyeren may have been listed under Pierrey\u2019s name and was lent by him to an exhibition in Monte Carlo. &nbsp; Pierrey\u2019s full name and identity have not been determined.&nbsp; One possibility is the artist Louis Maurice Pierrey (1912-1854).&nbsp; However, he is suggested here only because of his connection to the art world, not because of any substantive link with the van Beyeren; further research is required to determine if he had an art collection and, if so, whether it included the Cleveland picture.&nbsp; Further information about the Monte Carlo exhibition is also unknown: a search of exhibitions in Monte Carlo/Monaco from c. 1905-1912 yielded no references to the van Beyeren or to Pierrey.&nbsp; Additional pre-WWII provenance details for this painting are unknown at this time.&nbsp; It was previously thought that the CMA van Beyeren appeared in a May 10, 1921 sale at Lepke, Berlin, and/or was formerly in the Huldschinsky collection.&nbsp; However, the Lepke painting was in fact a different version of the CMA painting\u2019s composition that later appeared at auction at Sotheby Mak van Waay (May 15, 1984, no. 2) and at E&amp;VE (June 20, 2005, no. 60), and the Huldschinsky collection contained a different van Beyeren still life.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably c. 1908", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Probably Galerie A.S. Drey, Munich)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Thus far, our research has not identified documentation that locates the van Beyeren with Galerie A.S. Drey in Munich prior to the war.&nbsp; However, given the painting\u2019s wartime path and postwar return to Drey, it seems likely that the painting was indeed with Galerie A.S. Drey or possibly in the personal collection of the family before the war.&nbsp; Upon his decision in 1936 to move to the United States, Franz Drey, owner of A.S. Drey, asked sculpture dealer Bornheim to take over upon the \u201cAryanization\u201d of the gallery.&nbsp; Bornheim paid RM 30,000 for the firm and took over its stock, valued at RM 300,000.&nbsp; He agreed to hold certain works, which German museum curators felt complemented objects held in German museums that they wanted to remain in the country, until the Dreys could return and resume business (Lynn H. Nicholas,<em> The Rape of Europa,</em> 1994, p. 30). &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably until 1936", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Walter Bornheim [1888-1971], Munich", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1We do not have documentation concerning Bornheim\u2019s initial acquisition of the van Beyeren.&nbsp; The following reflects the current state of research into Bornheim and his connection to the van Beyeren, and it will continue to be updated as research permits.&nbsp; Operating under Bornheim as Galerie f\u00fcr Alte Kunst, the former Galerie A.S. Drey became a main source for artworks given to Goering as gifts and, according to the Card Files on Art-Looting Suspects, part of the records of the Roberts Commission, Bornheim was Goering\u2019s most important buyer in France.&nbsp; Bornheim received permission from Goering\u2019s headquarters to buy foreign currency and in return was obliged to give Goering first refusal on all art objects he purchased (Bornheim, Walter. Card File on Art-Looting Suspects. Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historical Monuments in War Areas (Roberts Commission), 1943-1946. Record Group 239. National Archives Identifier, 1518884.&nbsp; M1944, Roll 44, page 566, <em>Fold3.com, </em>https://www.fold3.com/image/270083432, retrieved June 1, 2016). Bornheim exported many works of art from France to Germany during the war. At the end of the war, Bornheim was captured and interrogated by the O.S.S., and it was recommended that he be held as a material witness in the Goering trial (Detailed Interrogation Report No. 11.&nbsp; Walter Bornheim.&nbsp; Subject Files. Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historical Monuments in War Areas (Roberts Commission), 1943-1946. Record Group 239. National Archives Identifier 1537311. M1944, Roll 84, pages 9-10. <em>Fold3.com</em>, https://www.fold3.com/image/273523052 and https://www.fold3.com/image/2735230523, retrieved Oct. 24, 2014).&nbsp; On June 14, 1945, Bornheim wrote to Drey in New York about the condition of Drey\u2019s artworks and property in Germany.&nbsp; The Galerie f\u00fcr Alte Kunst had been moved to Palais Arnulf, Briennerstrasse 13, and its contents were destroyed (Bornheim does not mention the date that this occurred); however, Bornheim had transferred much of the gallery stock, as well as Drey\u2019s own collection, to various depots outside of Munich \u2013 although at the time of this letter he did not know of the condition of those objects. (Detailed Interrogation Report No. 11.&nbsp; Walter Bornheim.&nbsp; Subject Files. Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historical Monuments in War Areas (Roberts Commission), 1943-1946. Record Group 239. National Archives Identifier 1537311. M1944, Roll 84, page 13, <em>Fold3.com</em>, https://www.fold3.com/image/273523056, retrieved Oct. 24, 2014).&nbsp; Bornheim wrote: \u201cI can buy out the remaining business partner at any time so that I am the only owner of the firm.&nbsp; In case my depots are in good condition, I have a sufficient stock in good objects and shall be able to cover all my responsibilities.&nbsp; I am presuming, of course, that a confiscation of works of art will not take place.&nbsp; In any case, I shall do everything possible to keep your capital, including interest, as well as your works of art, in my custody.&nbsp; But I would be relieved if someone could come here to take over these assets\u201d (Detailed Interrogation Report No. 11.&nbsp; Walter Bornheim.&nbsp; Subject Files. Records of the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historical Monuments in War Areas (Roberts Commission), 1943-1946. Record Group 239. National Archives Identifier 1537311. M1944, Roll 84, page 14, <em>Fold3.com,<br></em>https://www.fold3.com/image/273523057, retrieved Oct. 24, 2014).&nbsp; In the end, however, Bornheim\u2019s depots were emptied by the Allies (see Note 4).</div>"], "date": "Possibly 1936-1946", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "In possession of the Allies, returned to Walter Bornheim", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The MCCP card says that the van Beyeren came to the Collecting Point from Tegernsee, one of Bornheim\u2019s depots: he used the Tegernsee branch of the shuttered Dresdener Bank as a repository for the art in his possession. &nbsp; As of May 1946, the depot had been completely cleared by the Allies and its contents brought to the Munich Central Collecting Point on May 15, 22, and 23, 1946 (Tegernsee; Landkreis Miesbach.&nbsp; Repositories: Straubing-Tergling.&nbsp; Records Relating to the Status of Monuments, Museums, and Archives. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\u201cArdelia Hall Collection\u201d): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951. Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 3725272. M1946, Roll 97, page 120, <em>Fold3.com,</em> https://www.fold3.com/image/270132945, retrieved July 25, 2013). The <em>List of Cultural Objects evacuated from Dresdener Bank, Tegernsee on 15, 22, and 29 May 46 </em>lists one oil still life from the collection of A.S. Drey, evacuated on May 22, 1946 (Investigations Correspondence, Bornheim-Dietrich.&nbsp; Restitution Claim Records.&nbsp; Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\u201cArdelia Hall Collection\u201d): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951.&nbsp; Record Group 260.&nbsp; M1946, Roll 69, page 723<em>, Fold3.com, </em>https://www.fold3.com/image/269943981, retrieved July 25, 2013). This date is consistent with the arrival date of the van Beyeren as per the MCCP card, although the absence of any further details about this still life make it difficult to confirm whether or not this painting is the Cleveland van Beyeren.&nbsp; The <em>Vollst\u00e4ndige Liste des Warenlagers der Galerie F\u00fcr Alte Kunst M\u00fcnchen \u2013 Gr\u00e4felfing, Grosostrasse 18, vom 19. Juli 1946 mit dem augenblicklichen Aufenthaltsort</em> includes (no. 136) \u201c1 \u00d6lgem\u00e4lde v. Beyeren \u201cSilleben\u201d \u2013 Collecting Point\u201d (Investigations Correspondence, Bornheim-Dietrich.&nbsp; Restitution Claim Records.&nbsp; Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\u201cArdelia Hall Collection\u201d): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951.&nbsp; Record Group 260.&nbsp; National Archives Identifier 3725265.&nbsp; M1946, Roll 69, page 713<em>, Fold3.com, </em>https://www.fold3.com/image/269943935, retrieved July 8, 2013).&nbsp; Again, it cannot be determined whether this is the CMA painting or the same painting as that listed in the Dresdener Bank, Tegernsee list.&nbsp; Another list, <em>A List of Objects Stored by Walter Bornheim in the Dresdener Bank, Tegernsee</em> only has several entries vaguely titled \u201coil paintings,\u201d but nothing that refers specifically to the van Beyeren (Bornheim Walter: Detailed Interrogation Report (Dir) No 11.&nbsp; Restitution Research Records.&nbsp; Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\"Ardelia Hall Collection\"): Munich Central Collecting Point, 1945-1951.&nbsp; Record Group 260.&nbsp; M1946, Roll 118, page 27, <em>Fold3.com,</em> https://www.fold3.com/image/270038869, retrieved July 2, 2013).&nbsp; Upon its arrival at the Collecting Point, the van Beyeren was assigned Munich no. 30958.&nbsp; The Collecting Point card notes that on Sept. 17, 1947 the painting was returned to Bornheim, as is documented on the \u201cSchedule A\u201d list of objects, attached to Bornheim\u2019s Custody Receipt Form (Custody Receipts Bavaria XIII.&nbsp; Restitution and Custody Receipts. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\u201cArdelia Hall Collection\u201d): OMGUS Headquarters Records, 1938-1951. Record Group 260. National Archives Identifier 1561463. M1941, Roll 43, page 227, <em>Fold3.com</em>, https://www.fold3.com/image/293332505, retrieved March 23, 2015).</div>"], "date": "1946-1947", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Walter Bornheim, Munich, restituted to Paul Drey", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1On August 4, 1949, Bornheim and Paul Drey reached a compromise wherein the former was obliged to return some artworks to the owners of A.S. Drey because they were only held in trust by Bornheim; among these objects was \u201c1 \u00d6lgem\u00e4lde Stilleben van Beyeren\u201d (Out-Shipment 145 Through Out-Shipment 153 (September 23, 1949-October 21, 1949).&nbsp; Cultural Object Movement and Control Records. Records Concerning the Central Collecting Points (\u201cArdelia Hall Collection\u201d): Wiesbaden Central Collecting Point, 1945-1952. Record Group 260. M1947, Roll 34, page 84, <em>Fold3.com</em>, https://www.fold3.com/image/231912312, retrieved March 23, 2015).&nbsp; The archives of the Bundesamt f\u00fcr zentrale Diensteund offene Verm\u00f6gensfragen confirm that the dimensions and composition of the Bornheim/Drey painting are the same as those of the Cleveland picture; therefore, and because there was only one van Beyeren painting in Bornheim\u2019s possession at the end of the war, it can reasonably be assumed that the Cleveland and Bornheim/Drey paintings are one and the same.&nbsp; It should be noted, however, that the back of the Cleveland picture\u2019s frame and stretcher do not currently display any traces of the Munich number:&nbsp; several patches of discoloration on the stretcher suggest that at some point after the painting left the Collecting Point, the Munich number, written in ink, and any other ink inscriptions were sanded off.&nbsp; The \u201cidentifying marks\u201d noted on the Collecting Point card (\u201cexposition Monte Carlo/[sous?] Pierrey, Paris/ca. 1908 (?)\u201d) were likely also written in ink and later removed (if this text had been present on labels, there would likely be residue left on the stretcher, which is not the case).&nbsp; The circumstances of these removals are unknown.</div>"], "date": "1947-1949", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Probably Paul Drey [1885-1953] and Elizabeth Drey, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The records of the image library of the RKD Netherlands Institute for Art History locate the painting in the Drey collection (specific dates of ownership unknown). The painting was certainly still with the Drey family or their gallery after Paul\u2019s death in 1953, as his widow Elizabeth provided a photograph of the van Beyeren painting to the RKD at some point after he died (it was Elizabeth, not the more likely Paul, who was the sender of the photograph).&nbsp; The photograph was taken by John D. Schiff, a photographer who often took photographs of the inventory of galleries in New York; the Paul Drey Gallery was among his clients.&nbsp; The circumstances of Elizabeth Drey\u2019s sale of the painting are unknown, but she may have still been the owner when the painting appeared in a 1956 exhibition at Lempertz in Cologne (see Note 7).&nbsp; It is also possible that Drey sold it to the Terry-Engell Gallery, from whom CMA purchased the painting; however, no pattern of transactions between Drey and the Terry-Engell Gallery has been established, and Margot Drey Catherwood, Paul Drey\u2019s daughter, knew of no connection between her family and the Terry-Engell Gallery.&nbsp; Catherwood also did not know whether the van Beyeren would have been in the Drey gallery stock or in the family\u2019s personal collection.&nbsp; Another unknown possible component of the provenance is indicated by a photocopy of the CMA van Beyeren in the National Gallery of Art photo archive that is annotated: \u201cJames. J. Post\u201d (the surname is not clearly legible, but appears to read \u201cPost\u201d).&nbsp; A New York address is given: \u201cSavoy-Hilton, room 1439,\u201d as well as a reference to a letter dated December 1, 1959. &nbsp; It is not clear to what these annotations refer, and whether or not Post owned or sold the painting at some point. The Edgar Preston Richardson Papers finding aid at the Archives of American Art does record a \u201cJames J. Post\u201d among a list of art experts with whom Richardson corresponded. More research is needed to learn about Post or to investigate other possible identities of the individual noted on the National Gallery photocopy. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1949-at least 1953", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Possibly private collection, United States", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->In 1956 the van Beyeren appeared in an exhibition (<em>Erlesene Kunstwerke aus amerikanishem Besitz; </em>no. 2A), jointly organized by New York dealer French &amp; Co. with Lempertz auction house in Cologne.&nbsp; All of the works came from an American collection and were offered for sale at the exhibition.&nbsp; Lempertz records show that the van Beyeren failed to sell and was sent back to its owner in the United States.&nbsp; It is unclear from the Lempertz archive whether the exhibited objects were the property of French &amp; Co., or whether they had some of the objects on commission from private collections.&nbsp; It is possible that Margaret Drey was the owner of the van Beyeren at the time, either loaning the painting on commission to French &amp; Co., or perhaps she had sold it outright to French &amp; Co. by the time of the Lempertz exhibition.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "By 1956", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "H. Terry-Engell Gallery, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The Terry-Engell Gallery provided no provenance to CMA when the painting was sold to the museum.&nbsp; Because the gallery is no longer in existence and there are no extant records, it is not known from whom the gallery acquired the painting, and no particular connection between Terry-Engell and either the Drey family or French &amp; Co. has been established.</div>"], "date": "Until 1960", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1960-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely: the shimmering surface of the silver wine jug reflects a portrait of the artist at his easel.", "description": "With their typically large scale, and loose and energetic brushwork, Abraham van Beyeren\u2019s opulent still life paintings were designed to be seen from a slight distance\u2014perhaps installed over a mantelpiece. Here, for example, the silver wine jug is painted with rough strokes that seem almost abstract when viewed up close, but from a distance it becomes a fully realized object shimmering with complex reflections\u2014including a ghostly self-portrait of the artist at his easel.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20738578"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.80-silver-wine-jug-ham"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Datenbank zum Central Collecting Point M\u00fcnchen, Deutsches Historisches Museum, http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/ccp/dhm_ccp.php?seite=6&amp;fld_1=30958&amp;fld_3=&amp;auswahl=6&amp;fld_4=&amp;fld_4a=&amp;fld_5=&amp;fld_6=&amp;fld_7=&amp;fld_8=&amp;fld_9=&amp;fld_10=&amp;suchen=Suchen.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Datenbank zum Central Collecting Point M\u00fcnchen, Deutsches Historisches Museum, http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/ccp/dhm_ccp.php?seite=6&amp;fld_1=30958&amp;fld_3=&amp;auswahl=6&amp;fld_4=&amp;fld_4a=&amp;fld_5=&amp;fld_6=&amp;fld_7=&amp;fld_8=&amp;fld_9=&amp;fld_10=&amp;suchen=Suchen.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Datenbank zum Central Collecting Point M\u00fcnchen, Deutsches Historisches Museum, http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/ccp/dhm_ccp.php?seite=6&amp;fld_1=30958&amp;fld_3=&amp;auswahl=6&amp;fld_4=&amp;fld_4a=&amp;fld_5=&amp;fld_6=&amp;fld_7=&amp;fld_8=&amp;fld_9=&amp;fld_10=&amp;suchen=Suchen.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Datenbank zum Central Collecting Point M\u00fcnchen, Deutsches Historisches Museum, http://www.dhm.de/datenbank/ccp/dhm_ccp.php?seite=6&amp;fld_1=30958&amp;fld_3=&amp;auswahl=6&amp;fld_4=&amp;fld_4a=&amp;fld_5=&amp;fld_6=&amp;fld_7=&amp;fld_8=&amp;fld_9=&amp;fld_10=&amp;suchen=Suchen.<br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fred Meijer, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, March 16, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "RKD photograph, \u201cA. van Beyeren,\u201d RKD images kunstwerknr. 182. RKD Netherlands Institute for Art History.RR", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Segal, Sam, and William B. Jordan. <em>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands, 1600-1700</em>. The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988. <ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunsthaus Lempertz. <em>Erlesene Kunstwerke aus amerikanischem Besitz: Gema\u0308lde, Skulpturen, Kunstgewerbe, Mo\u0308bel, Wirkteppiche aus dem XIII. bis XX. Jahrhundert ; Kunsthaus Math. Lempertz, Ko\u0308ln, Juli, August, September 1956</em>. 1956. <ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Carsten Felgner, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, July 17, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Carsten Felgner, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, March 21, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Henry Zimet, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, August 14, 2013, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Herbert Terry-Engell, letter to Sherman E. Lee, May 2, 1960, in curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review: 1960.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 47, no. 10 (1960): 223-54.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 252;  no. 55", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142422."}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d July 8, 1960, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0577"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums: April - June, 1960.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> 23, no. 3 (Autumn 1960): 301-312.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 302; reproduced: p. 306", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Abraham van Beyeren: Still Life with a silver Wine Jar and Reflected Portrait of the Artist.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art,</em> XLVII, no.9 (November 1960): 212-214.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Paintings, Vol I: Foreign Schools, 1350-1800.</em> York, NY City Art Gallery, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"In the Museums.\" <em>The Magazine Antiques</em> 79, no. 2 (February 1961): 194-202.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sullivan, Scott A. \"A Banquet-Piece with Vanitas Implications.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LXI, no.10 (October 1974): 271-281.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 272, fig. 1; Detail: fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark. \"Abraham van Beyeren's Banquet: Still Life.\"<em> Bulletin - Krannert Art Museum</em> 1, no. 2 (1976): 10-26.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Eastern Gate: An Invitation to the Arts of China and Japan</em>. Cleveland, OH: Collins, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85; Mentioned: p. 83; Listed: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P., and William S. Talbot. <em>Chardin and the Still-Life Tradition in France.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Broude, Norma, and Mary D. Garrard. <em>Feminism and Art History: Questioning the Litany.</em> New York, NY: Harper &amp; Row, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188, fig. 7; Detail Reproduced: p. 189, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 220; Mentioned: p. 221", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alpers, Svetlana. <em>The Art of Describing: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century</em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boger, Ann C. <em>Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink. </em>Exh. cat. <em>: </em>Cleveland Museum of Art (July 26-October 9, 1983). [Cleveland]: Extensions Division, Dept. of Art History and Education, Cleveland Museum of Art, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 4, p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alpers, Svetlana. <em>Kunst als Beschreibung: holla\u0308ndische Malerei des 17. Jahrhunderts</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Dumont, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67; Detail: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Broos, B. P. J., Hans Hoetink, Beatrijs Brenninkmeyer-De Rooij, and Jean Lacambre. <em>De Rembrandt a\u0300 Vermeer: les peintres hollandais au Mauritshuis de La Haye. </em>Exh. cat. Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris FEb. 19 - June 30, 1986). The Hague: Edition de la Fondation Johan Maurits van Nassau, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Segal, Sam, and William B. Jordan. <em>A Prosperous Past: The Sumptuous Still Life in the Netherlands, 1600-1700.</em> The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 176, cat. 51; Reproduced: p. 174, fig. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Broos, B. P. J., and Edwin Buijsen. <em>Great Dutch Paintings from America: </em>Exh. cat. Mauritshuis, The Hague (September 24, 1990-January 13, 1991); The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (February 16, 1991-May 5, 1991). The Hague: Mauritshuis, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan, W. Th Kloek, and Celeste Brusati. <em>Still-Life Paintings from the Netherlands, 1550-1720</em>. Exh. cat. Cleveland Museum of Art and Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, in association with Zwolle: Waanders Publishers, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 81-82, 239-241; Reproduced: p.82, figs. 14-15, 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liedtke, Walter A., Michiel Plomp, and Axel Ru\u0308ger. <em>Vermeer and the Delft School. </em>Exh. cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96, fig. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaubert, Alain, Alberto Herra\u0301iz, and Didier Loire. <em>Zestes: Les Aventures des Agrumes dans l'Art.</em> Paris: Cohen&amp;Cohen, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 131, fig. 73", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.80", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "84702", "filename": "1960.80_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_print.jpg", "width": "2829", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1214364", "filename": "1960.80_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_full.tif", "width": "11619", "height": "13961", "filesize": "486663008", "filename": "1960.80_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "744", "height": "893", "filesize": "100998"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2831", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1908254"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "14407", "filesize": "518675968"}, "date_created": "2013-08-05T10:26:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "151099"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2265", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1910022"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3634", "height": "5454", "filesize": "59483424"}, "date_created": "2013-08-05T11:02:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "196929"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2736", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3040517"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4539", "height": "5639", "filesize": "76810180"}, "date_created": "2013-08-05T11:12:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "186942"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2913", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2638347"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4823", "height": "5629", "filesize": "81469916"}, "date_created": "2013-08-05T11:19:38", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "893", "filesize": "175632"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2951", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1926326"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3326", "height": "3832", "filesize": "38282516"}, "date_created": "2012-03-07T15:00:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "893", "filesize": "419654"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2810", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5738943"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.80/1960.80_alt5_full.tif", "width": "2880", "height": "3485", "filesize": "30142512"}, "date_created": "2007-02-08T14:53:49", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 136509, "creators": [{"id": 2656, "description": "Abraham van Beyeren (Dutch, 1620/21\u20131690)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1620", "death_year": "1690", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-04-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1660, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1660\u201366", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Still Life with a Silver Wine Jug"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:58:11.793000"}, {"id": 143656, "accession_number": "1968.110", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Number 99, 1959\u201360. Morris Louis (American, 1912\u20131962). Acrylic resin (Magna) on canvas; unframed: 251.3 x 360.5 cm (98 15/16 x 141 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968.110. \u00a9  Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA), Rights Administered by Artist Rights Society (ARS), New York, All Rights Reserved.", "current_location": "227 Abstract Expressionism", "title": "Number 99", "creation_date": "1959\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1959, "creation_date_latest": 1960, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "acrylic resin (Magna) on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 251.3 x 360.5 cm (98 15/16 x 141 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 2.513, "height_inch": 98, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 3.605, "width_inch": 141, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Maryland Institute College of Art (MICA), Rights Administered by Artist Rights Society (ARS), New York, All Rights Reserved.", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "written on back of stretcher (in pencil):  Louis 99", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444160, "title": "Morris Lewis: The Veil Cycle", "description": "<i>Morris Lewis: The Veil Cycle</i>. Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (February 6-March 27, 1977); Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (April 15-May 29, 1977); Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX (June 19-July 31, 1977); Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, NY (September 11-October 23, 1977); The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (November 29, 1977-January 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 224241, "title": "Morris Louis Now: An American Master Revisited", "description": "<i>Morris Louis Now: An American Master Revisited</i>. High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (organizer) (October 28, 2006-January 21, 2007); Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (February 10-May 6, 2007); Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (September 19, 2007-January 6, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-10-28T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "High Museum of Art (10/28/2006 - 1/21/2007), Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego (2/10/2007 - 5/6/2007), and the Hirshorrn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, DC (9/19/2007 - 1/6/2008):  \"Morris Louis Now: An American Master Revisited\"", "opening_date": "2006-10-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Park International, Inc., New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Astonishingly, Louis painted his large canvases in his modest 12 x 14-foot dining room.", "description": "Louis is associated with the Washington Color School, a group of painters based in Washington, DC, during the 1960s and '70s. These artists tended to create large colorful compositions with repeated shapes, often using diluted paint.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469892"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n228"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cMorris Louis, Number 99.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 2 (February 1969): 81\u201387.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 81-87, fig. 10", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152259"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 256", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n276"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.110", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Frank H. and Nancy L. Porter Gallery", "athena_id": 143656, "creators": [{"id": 3532, "description": "Morris Louis (American, 1912\u20131962)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1912", "death_year": "1962", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1959, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1959\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-27 11:39:55.860000"}, {"id": 138881, "accession_number": "1963.252", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mural Fragment with Elite Male and Maguey Cactus Leaves, 500\u2013550. Central Mexico, Tlacuilapaxco apartment compound(?), Teotihuac\u00e1n style, Classic Period. Fresco on wall fragment; overall: 83.2 x 116.2 cm (32 3/4 x 45 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1963.252", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Mural Fragment with Elite Male and Maguey Cactus Leaves", "creation_date": "500\u2013550", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 550, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Mexico, Tlacuilapaxco apartment compound(?), Teotihuac\u00e1n style, Classic Period"], "technique": "fresco on wall fragment", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 83.2 x 116.2 cm (32 3/4 x 45 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.832, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.162, "width_inch": 45, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Black Tulip Gallery, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1963", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This fragment is from a larger composition that covered the walls of a patio at Teotihuacan.", "description": "This richly dressed elite male belonged to a row of identical figures who processed along the walls of a patio in one of Teotihuac\u00e1n\u2019s wealthy apartment compounds. He offers a chant or prayer, materialized in a mouth scroll, along with a flower-filled libation that cascades from one hand. In the other hand, he carries an incense bag. The thorny spines of the maguey cactus, in front and behind, may allude to the offering of precious blood and a ritual beverage made from the cactus\u2019s sap (pulque, a less refined form of tequila). The spines are thrust into objects that may represent bundles or plots of land.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469044"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.252-mural-fragment-with"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Berrin, Kathleen, and Clara Millon. <em>Feathered Serpents and Flowering Trees: Reconstructing the Murals of Teotihuaca\u0301n.</em> [San Francisco, Calif.]: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 195-205", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1963.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 10 (1963).", "page_number": "p. 291", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974"}, {"citation": "Kubler, George. \"The Iconography of the Art of Teotihuac\u00e1n.\" <em>Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology</em>, no. 4 (1967).", "page_number": "p. 4, 7-8 , fig. 17", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41263406"}, {"citation": "Miller, Arthur G. <em>The Mural Painting of Teotihuaca\u0301n</em>. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 36-37, 170, fig. 366", "url": null}, {"citation": "Millon, Rene\u0301. <em>Urbanization at Teotihuaca\u0301n, Mexico.</em> Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 33-36, 121, fig. 48b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Young-S\u00e1nchez, Margaret. \"Veneration of the Dead: Religious Ritual on a Pre-Columbian Mirror-Back.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 9 (1990)", "page_number": "p. 328, fig. 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161301"}, {"citation": "<em>Mexican Art Abroad</em>. (Mexico: Groupo Azabache S.A. de C.V, 1994).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Me\u0301xico en el mundo de las colecciones de arte</em>. [Me\u0301xico, D.F.]: [El Gobierno de la Repu\u0301blica], 1994. .", "page_number": "p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn. <em>Art History.</em> New York, NY: Abrams, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 145", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gardner, Helen, Richard G. Tansey, and Fred S. Kleiner. <em>Gardner's Art Through the Ages</em>. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, J. S.<em> The Dictionary of Art. </em>New York: Grove, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn.<em> Art History</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: Prentice Hall, 2001.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. <em>A World History of Art.</em> London: Laurence King, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming.<em> A World History of Art</em>. London: Laurence King, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 522, fig. 12.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn, David Cateforis, and Stephen Addiss.<em> Art History</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005. .", "page_number": "fig. 12-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. <em>A World History of Art</em>. London: Laurence King, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 509, fig. 12.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hernaez, Gerardo A. Ramirez and Esmeralda Reynoso Camacho. <em>The Skin of Teotihuacan</em>. (Arts and Cultures, 2008).", "page_number": "p. 116, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilkins, David G., Bernard Schultz, and Katheryn M. Linduff. <em>Art Past, Art Present.</em> Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Education, 2008.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bray, Warwick, and David H. Trump.<em> The Penguin Dictionary of Archaeology.</em> Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1972.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.252", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "626", "filesize": "324153", "filename": "1963.252_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2366", "filesize": "3884208", "filename": "1963.252_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_full.tif", "width": "14964", "height": "10415", "filesize": "467580788", "filename": "1963.252_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "870", "filesize": "1035128"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2343", "filesize": "7433950"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3446", "filesize": "51743336"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1241", "height": "893", "filesize": "995370"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2696", "height": "1940", "filesize": "4049879"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2696", "height": "1940", "filesize": "15696076"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "869", "filesize": "1024342"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2339", "filesize": "7246572"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.252/1963.252_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3439", "filesize": "51631740"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138881, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500\u2013550", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:06:46.244000"}, {"id": 94188, "accession_number": "1914.714", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Coffin of Nesykhonsu, c. 976\u2013889 BCE. Egypt, Thebes, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE), Dynasties 21\u201322. Gessoed and painted sycamore fig; overall: 70 cm (27 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1914.714", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Coffin of Nesykhonsu", "creation_date": "c. 976\u2013889 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -976, "creation_date_latest": -889, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Thebes, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE), Dynasties 21\u201322"], "technique": "gessoed and painted sycamore fig", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Third Intermediate", "type": "Funerary Equipment", "measurements": "Overall: 70 cm (27 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.7, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "length": 2.11, "length_inch": 83, "length_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thebes, probably Deir el-Bahri.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Purchased from Joseph Hassan Ahmed, Luxor, by Lucy Olcott Perkins through Henry W. Kent", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1914", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two of Nesykhonsu's titles, \"Lady of the House\" and \"Singer of the Choir of Mut the Great,\" are written on the outside of the coffin.", "description": "Egyptian coffins told stories and illustrated spells to help the deceased transition safely to the afterlife. Inside Nesykhonsu's coffin there are two jackals, one facing right and the other left, near the top. Here, the jackal represents the powerful deity Anubis, the god of the afterlife and embalming.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778593"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1914.714-coffin-of-nesykhonsu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition, June 6-September 20, 1916</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916.", "page_number": "No. 87, p. 213", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williams, Caroline Ransom. \"The Egyptian Collection in the Museum of Art at Cleveland, Ohio.\" <em>The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</em> <em>(JEA)</em> 5 (1918).", "page_number": "pp. 272-3", "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/030751331800500123"}, {"citation": "Porter, Bertha, and Rosalind L. B. Moss. <em>Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings.</em> Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1960.", "page_number": "p. 637", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"Siren and Ba, Birds of a Feather.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 8 (1968).", "page_number": "p. 265, fig. 8", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152230"}, {"citation": "Niwinski, Andrzej. 21st Dynasty Coffins from Thebes: Chronological and Typological Studies. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 134-5, no. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walsem, Reijer van. <em>The Coffin of Djedmonthuiufankh in the National Museum of Antiquities at Leiden</em>. Leiden: [Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden], 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 56, 57n.44, 58, 59n.57, 62, 64-65, 68n.90, 84, 91, 93, 96, 99, 101, 103, 106, 108 (erroneously as Cl 1 [251]), 112-14 and nn. 142-43, 118-19, 124, 126-28, 130n.204, 135, 138, 141n.260, 150n.290, 151n.293, 159n.326, 167n.364, 169, 175, 187, 188n.433, 194, 197n.453, 210, 256, 259, 262, 264, 270n.820, 271-72 and n. 825, 287, 289, 292, 293nn.911-13, 294nn.922 and 924, 297, 304-5, 337-38, 357n.1412, figs. 36, 44, 46, 92, 110, 132, 182, 202, 203, 208, 250, 251, 340, 432, 474", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., Betsy Morrell Bryan, Lawrence Michael Berman, and Elisabeth Delange. <em>Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 334, fig. XI.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 325-335, Color p. 60; Mentioned: p. 325-337", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1914.714", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.714/1914.714_web.jpg", "width": "758", "height": "893", "filesize": "356370", "filename": "1914.714_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.714/1914.714_print.jpg", "width": "2887", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6760652", "filename": "1914.714_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.714/1914.714_full.tif", "width": "5439", "height": "6404", "filesize": "104525284", "filename": "1914.714_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 94188, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1914-01-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -976, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 976\u2013889 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:00:32.715000"}, {"id": 161426, "accession_number": "2000.118", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tomb Guardians (\u93ae\u5893\u7378), early 700s. China, probably Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Tang dynasty (618-907). Glazed earthenware, sancai (three-color) ware; part 1: 92.3 x 43.8 x 41.9 cm (36 5/16 x 17 1/4 x 16 1/2 in.); part 2: 88.9 x 41 x 50.8 cm (35 x 16 1/8 x 20 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of various donors to the department of Asian Art (by exchange), 2000.118", "current_location": "239 Chinese Ceramics and Metalwork", "title": "Tomb Guardians", "title_in_original_language": "\u93ae\u5893\u7378", "creation_date": "early 700s", "creation_date_earliest": 700, "creation_date_latest": 725, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, probably Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Tang dynasty (618-907)"], "technique": "glazed earthenware, sancai (three-color) ware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Tang Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Part 1: 92.3 x 43.8 x 41.9 cm (36 5/16 x 17 1/4 x 16 1/2 in.); Part 2: 88.9 x 41 x 50.8 cm (35 x 16 1/8 x 20 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.923, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.438, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.419, "depth_inch": 16, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "part 2": {"height": 0.889, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.41, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.508, "depth_inch": 20, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 666891, "title": "Demons, Ghosts, and Goblins in Chinese Art", "description": "<i>Demons, Ghosts, and Goblins in Chinese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 8, 2024-January 20, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-08T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kaikodo America Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-2000", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2000-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "<em>Sancai</em> (three-color) glazes in green, amber, and transparent white, plus expensive cobalt blue glaze, show the high social status of the tomb\u2019s occupant.", "description": "With fierce expressions, elongated spikes, and exaggerated physical features, these two fantastic creatures were intended to guard the entrance to a tomb, warding off evil as well as keeping the soul of the deceased from wandering. Known as <em>qitou</em>,<em> or </em>earth spirits, both sculptures differ in appearance: one has an animal face, claws, and a pair of antlers; the other sports a human face with huge ears, hooves, and a short horn.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751622"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2000.118-tomb-guardians"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cTomb Guardian Pair from Tang Dynasty Acquired by CMA,\u201d December 12, 2000, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4361"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 79, p. 74- 75; Mentioned: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 74-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Selection of 2001 Museum Acquisitions.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine of Art &amp; Antiques</em> 154 (December 2001): 24\u201357.", "page_number": "p. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions: 2000-2005.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>45, no. 6 (July/August 2005): 6-19.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 7; Reproduced: P. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Chinese Masterworks.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>53, no. 5 (September/October 2013): 14-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E. and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art; New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Von Spee, Clarissa. \"Good or Evil? Demons, ghosts, and goblins in Chinese art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 64, no. 3 (2024): 10\u201311.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03/page/10/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2000.118", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118/2000.118_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "644", "filesize": "244934", "filename": "2000.118_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118/2000.118_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2431", "filesize": "1683936", "filename": "2000.118_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118/2000.118_full.tif", "width": "9864", "height": "7054", "filesize": "208768472", "filename": "2000.118_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118/2000.118_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "641", "height": "900", "filesize": "132140"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118/2000.118_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2420", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1136663"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118/2000.118_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4911", "height": "6901", "filesize": "101698000"}, "date_created": "2012-10-18T13:54:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of various donors to the department of Asian Art (by exchange)", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 161426, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2000-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tomb Guardian with Animal Head"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:23:37.283000"}, {"id": 173164, "accession_number": "2020.216", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Muse with Violin Screen, 1930. Paul Feh\u00e9r (American, born Hungary, 1898\u20131990), Rose Iron Works (America, Ohio, Cleveland, est. 1904). Steel, brass; silver and gold plating, cotton velveteen; overall: 156.2 x 156.2 cm (61 1/2 x 61 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2020.216", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "Muse with Violin Screen", "creation_date": "1930", "creation_date_earliest": 1925, "creation_date_latest": 1935, "artists_tags": ["male", "May Show"], "culture": ["America, Ohio, Cleveland"], "technique": "Steel, brass; silver and gold plating, cotton velveteen", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 156.2 x 156.2 cm (61 1/2 x 61 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.562, "height_inch": 61, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.562, "width_inch": 61, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 381826, "title": "The May Show: 12th Annual Exhibition of Works by Cleveland Artists and Craftsmen", "description": "<i>The May Show: 12th Annual Exhibition of Works by Cleveland Artists and Craftsmen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 22-June 1, 1930).", "opening_date": "1930-04-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311873, "title": "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946", "description": "<i>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 19-July 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-05-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177916, "title": "Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age", "description": "<i>Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 28-July 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200463, "title": "The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s", "description": "<i>The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s</i>. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY (April 7-August 20, 2017); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30, 2017-January 14, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-04-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 681860, "title": "Rose Iron Works and Art Deco", "description": "<i>Rose Iron Works and Art Deco</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 6-October 19, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-07-06T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Third International Exhibition of Contemporary Industrial Art.</em> The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (October 15-November 10, 1930); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (December 1-28, 1930); The Art Institute of Chicago, IL (January 19-February 15, 1931); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 11-April 5, 1931).", "opening_date": "1930-10-15T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>American Art Deco.</em> Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC (April 17-July 26, 1987); The Center for Fine Arts, Miami, FL (September 26-November 11, 1987); Joslyn Museum of Art, Omaha, NE (November 28, 1987-January 17, 1988); Philbrook Museum of Art, Tulsa, OK (February 7-March 27, 1988); The Minnesota Museum of Art, St. Paul, MN (April 24-July 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-04-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The 1920s: Age of the Metropolis.</em> The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Canada (June 20-November 10, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Rose Iron Works Collections, LLC, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930\u20132020", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["352.1996"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Since the early years of the 20th century, the Rose Iron Works, a Cleveland supplier of architectural ornament, has produced distinguished metalwork. The company\u2019s founder, Martin Rose, was born in Austria-Hungary and studied ornamental metalsmithing in Vienna prior to immigrating to Cleveland in 1902. In the 1920s, he hired a talented young Parisian designer, Paul Feh\u00e9r, to work for the firm. Feh\u00e9r\u2019s designs, culminating in this massive screen, brought a modern European sensibility to the Rose Iron Works production. With its geometric patterning, highly stylized and abstracted natural forms, and the central figure reminiscent of the celebrated jazz singer Josephine Baker, this screen reflects the classic motifs of Art Deco design.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230229"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The New Industrial Arts of the World,\" <em>Arts and Decoration 34 </em>(January 1931).", "page_number": "Reproduced P. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Duncan, Alistair. <em>American Art Deco</em> (New York: Abrams, 1986).", "page_number": "Mentioned, P. 99; reproduced, P. 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Claire, Jean, ed. <em>The 1920s: Age of the Metropolis, </em>exh. cat. (Montreal, Canada: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 1991).", "page_number": "Mentioned P. 202, 532; reproduced P. 200", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., David Steinberg, and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946: Community and Diversity in Early Modern America.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art: Distributed by Ohio University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162; Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 173, fig. 181; Mentioned: p. 249, no. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Kathleen McKeever, \"And All That Jazz\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 05, May 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-05/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Channing, Laurence, \"Before Neo: The May Show\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 07, September 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-07/page/4"}, {"citation": "Coffin, Sarah, Stephen Harrison, and Emily Marshall Orr<em>. The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 173, fig. 216, mentioned, cat. 316, p. 359", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/985455434"}, {"citation": "\"Exhibitions 2017.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 1 (January/February 2017): 10-11.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-01/page/n5/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Fensom, Sarah E. \"All that Jazz.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em> (Apr 2017): 80-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duncan, Alastair. <em>Art Deco Sculpture.</em> New York, New York: Thames and Hudson, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 174", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William M. \u201cRecent Acquisitions (2013-20) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine </em>163, no. 1414 (January 2021): 93-104.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 97, no. 7; mentioned: P. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Discovery through Design.\" <em>American Fine Art Magazine </em>65 (Sept/Oct 2022): 72-73.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cRose Iron Works: From Art Nouveau to Art Deco.\" <em>The Art Newspaper</em> 33, n. 274 (2025): 86-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 87; Reproduced: p. 86.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Art Deco's 100th Anniversary.\" <em>Incollect Magazine </em>3, i. 4 (Jan/Mar 2025): 90-97.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 95; Reproduced: p. 2, 90, 95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Da Wit, Ada. \"Rose Iron Works: The Cleveland Company's Journey from Art Nouveau to Art Deco.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 65, no. 2 (2025): 6-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2025-02"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.216", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": 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Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Palais des Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es. Salon (1883), no. 224, Portrait de Mme L . . . et de sa petite fille.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie Georges Petit. Exposition Albert Besnard (1905), no. 119, as in coll. Henri Lerolle.", "opening_date": "1905-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Palais de Bagatelle (organized by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Beaux-Arts). Exposition r\u00e9trospective de portraits de femmes sous les trois r\u00e9publiques (1909), no. 11, Portrait de Madame Henri Lerolle, Appartient \u00e0 M. Lerolle.", "opening_date": "1909-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts; Cincinnati Museum of Art; Buffalo, Albright Art Gallery; Art Institute of Chicago; London, Grosvenor Gallery.Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings by Albert Besnard (1913), no. 2, Portrait of Mme Henri Lerolle and Daughter (now Mme Eug\u00e8ne Rouart), lent by Henri Lerolle (also mentioned on p. 4 of Boston cat.).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London (Ontario) Regional Art Gallery. The Seven Ages of Man (1980), 18-19 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1980-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gifu (Japan), Museum of Fine Arts; Kamakura Museum of Modern Art. Paris autour de 1882 (1982-83), no. 11, pl. 11.", "opening_date": "1982-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (organizer). Beijing World Art Museum, China, May 26 - Aug. 27, 2006; Mori Arts Center, Tokyo, Japan: Sept. 9 - Nov. 26, 2006; Seoul Arts Center, Seoul, Korea: Dec. 18, 2006 - March 31, 2007; Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, Seoul, Korea: Apr. 7 - May 20, 2007; Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: June 9 - Sept. 16, 2007; Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 21, 2007- January 13, 2008;  Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN, Feb. 21-June 1, 2008; Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT, June 22 - September 21, 2008; and the Detroit Institute of Arts, MI, October 12, 2008 - January 18, 2009:  \"Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2006-05-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henri Lerolle (1883, 1913), by descent. Brame & Lorenceau, Paris. Purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin. Given to the CMA in 1977.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Albert Besnard was a good friend of fellow artist Henri Lerolle, whose wife Madeleine and daughter Yvonne are the subjects of this double portrait set in a studio. The artist\u2019s profession is referenced in the large portfolios of drawings at lower right, and the easel at upper left, which displays a canvas tipped forward at an unusual angle. The canvas has been strapped to the easel in this position so the artist can more easily paint while seated.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473235"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.120-madeleine-lerolle-an"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P. \u201cMadame Henry Lerolle and Daughter Yvonne.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 10 (December 1977): 326\u2013343.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 326-343, figs. 1, 14", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159555"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n232"}, {"citation": "Broun, Francis J. P. <em>The Seven Ages of Man: Inaugural Exhibition, May 3-June 15, 1980</em>. London, England: London Regional Art Gallery, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 18, 19, cover.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 24-27, Vol. I, no. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lerolle, Aggy. <em>Henry Lerolle: Paris 1848-1929.</em> Willaupuis, Belgium: Wapica; Paris: Socie\u0301te\u0301 des Amis d'Henry Lerolle, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 44", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.120", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.120/1977.120_web.jpg", "width": "623", "height": "893", "filesize": "389153", "filename": "1977.120_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.120/1977.120_print.jpg", "width": "2371", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5579111", "filename": "1977.120_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.120/1977.120_full.tif", "width": "4061", "height": "5824", "filesize": "70988116", "filename": "1977.120_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 148963, "creators": [{"id": 1859, "description": "Albert Besnard (French, 1849\u20131934)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Albert Besnard's parents-his father an amateur painter who studied with Ingres (q.v.) and his mother a miniaturist-influenced his early artistic career. In 1866 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts where he studied in the ateliers of Jean- Fran\u00e7ois Br\u00e9mond (1807-1868), who taught the young Besnard fresco painting, and Alexandre Cabanel (1823-1889), one of the foremost Second Empire academic painters. Besnard first exhibited at the Salon of 1868, which proved to be the beginning of his official success and in 1874 he won the Prix de Rome, an honor that gave him the opportunity to spend four years at the Villa Medici. Besnard's success as a portraitist began in London, where he stayed from 1879 until 1881. He studied seventeenth-century British portrait painters and emulated the British colorists, Turner (q.v.) in particular. Besnard's reputation as a portrait painter followed him back to Paris where he received numerous commissions from prominent figures of the Third Republic (1870-1940). In addition to portrait painting, Besnard was commissioned by the state to paint mural decorations for various public buildings in Paris. He also experimented with different media such as pastel and etching and designed decorations for stained glass. Besnard received numerous awards and was re-cognized by his contemporaries, including the symbolists. He held the directorships of the \u00c9cole de Rome in 1913 and of the \u00c9cole Sup\u00e9rieure Nationale des Beaux-Arts from 1923 to 1934.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1849", "death_year": "1934", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-10-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1879, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1879\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madame Henry Lerolle and Daughter Yvonne"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:39:02.388000"}, {"id": 143278, "accession_number": "1967.215", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue, 1927. Piet Mondrian (Dutch, 1872\u20131944). Oil on canvas; framed: 62.2 x 62.6 x 10.8 cm (24 1/2 x 24 5/8 x 4 1/4 in.); unframed: 49.5 x 49.5 cm (19 1/2 x 19 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.215", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue", "creation_date": "1927", "creation_date_earliest": 1927, "creation_date_latest": 1927, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 62.2 x 62.6 x 10.8 cm (24 1/2 x 24 5/8 x 4 1/4 in.); Unframed: 49.5 x 49.5 cm (19 1/2 x 19 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.622, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.626, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.108, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.495, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.495, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower center:  P M '27", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445443, "title": "Mondrian Retrospective", "description": "<i>Mondrian Retrospective</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (October 7-December 12, 1971); Kunstmuseum Bern, Bern, Switzerland (January 26-March 26, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-10-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 399403, "title": "L'art aux Pays-Bas au XXeme siecle", "description": "<i>L'art aux Pays-Bas au XXeme siecle</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Art Moderne de Paris (organizer) (March 23-July 18, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227264, "title": "Mondrian / De Stijl ", "description": "<i>Mondrian / De Stijl </i>. Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris cedex O4, France (organizer) (December 1, 2010-March 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200463, "title": "The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s", "description": "<i>The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s</i>. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY (April 7-August 20, 2017); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30, 2017-January 14, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-04-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 361598, "title": "Mondrian and De Stijl", "description": "<i>Mondrian and De Stijl</i>. Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sof\u00cda, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (November 10, 2020-March 1, 2021) https://www.museoreinasofia.es/exposiciones/mondrian-stijl.", "opening_date": "2020-11-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (12/1/2010 - 3/21/2011): \"Mondrian / De Stijl\"Mondrian\", p. 236.", "opening_date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "J. J. P. Oud, Wassenaar (1955).  (E. V. Thaw).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The small strip of wood around the outside of the canvas, painted the same gray as the canvas surface, is Mondrian\u2019s original frame for the painting.", "description": "During the 1910s, Piet Mondrian\u2019s art progressed from Cubism to an increasingly abstract style based on the form of a grid. He completely abandoned the representation of natural appearances, limiting himself to horizontal and vertical rectangles and three primary colors (red, yellow, and blue) along with black and white. Intensely intellectual and deeply philosophical, Mondrian believed that following the devastation of World War I, such abstract compositions could contribute to a more harmonious society by communicating in a universal, visual language.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469855"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.215-composition-with-red"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cA Classic Painting by Piet Mondrian.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 8 (October 1968): 241\u2013249.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152228"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n222"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Kupka, Frank, Paul Klee, Larry Poons, Richard Hunt, and Edward B. Henning. \u201cA Group of Twentieth-Century Works of Art Recently Acquired.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 4 (April 1970): 107\u2013126.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 106-107, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152324"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cPablo Picasso: Bouteille, Verre, et Fourchette.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 7 (September 1972): 195\u2013203.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 199-201, fig. 14", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152438"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cPlanes, Structure, Color, and Content.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 7 (September 1974): 223\u2013239.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p . 230-231, fig. 15", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152534"}, {"citation": "Diller, Burgoyne, Leon Polk Smith, and Edward B. Henning. \u201cTwo New Paintings in the Neo-Plastic Tradition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 4 (April 1975): 106\u2013119.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 106-107, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152584"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 249", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n269"}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \u201cRecent Paintings by Richard Diebenkorn and Jack Tworkov.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 2 (February 1980): 31\u201340.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 34", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159661"}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \u201cEight New Photographs.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 2 (February 1981): 51\u201362.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 57, fig. 8", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159712"}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018Space and Pictorial Life\u2019 Hans Hofmann\u2019s \u2018Smaragd Red and Germinating Yellow.\u2019\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 5 (September 1985): 310\u2013322.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 320, fig. 18", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159910"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 122, no. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neet, Jane. \u201cMondrian\u2019s \u2018Chrysanthemum.\u2019\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 7 (September 1987): 282\u2013303.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 283, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159997"}, {"citation": "Foster, Carter, \"A Drawing by Myron Stout\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 42 no. 02, February 2002", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2002-02/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 64-65, fig. 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 300", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gemeentemuseum ('s-Gravenhage). Mondriaan. 1955.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Janssen, Hans. <em>Mondrian &amp; De Stijl</em>. Madrid: Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofi\u0301a, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 163", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Park, J. P. \"Pastmodern: The Traditions of the Avant-Garde in Early Asian Art.\" <em>Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society</em> 87 (February 14, 2023): 43-57.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 54 (fig. 13)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le\u0301al, Brigitte. <em>Mondrian.</em> Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215, no. 224; Mentioned: p. 212", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Richardson, Margaret. <em>Global Modern Art: Europe, the Americas, Asia, and Africa. </em>New York: Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 60-61, fig. 2.4", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.215", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.215/1967.215_web.jpg", "width": "887", "height": "900", "filesize": "230269", "filename": "1967.215_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.215/1967.215_print.jpg", "width": "3352", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2825926", "filename": "1967.215_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.215/1967.215_full.tif", "width": "9856", "height": "9998", "filesize": "295646980", "filename": "1967.215_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.215/1967.215_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "894", "height": "893", "filesize": "402726"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.215/1967.215_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3398", "filesize": "5153913"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.215/1967.215_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3846", "height": "3844", "filesize": "44381944"}, "date_created": "2005-09-26T19:24:23", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 143278, "creators": [{"id": 3204, "description": "Piet Mondrian (Dutch, 1872\u20131944)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1872", "death_year": "1944", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-01-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1927, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1927", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:21:52.001000"}, {"id": 147975, "accession_number": "1974.71", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Saint Catherine, early 1970s. Christian Goller (German, 1943\u20132017), imitator of Matthias Gr\u00fcnewald (German, c. 1480\u20131528). Oil on panel; framed: 129.5 x 68.6 cm (51 x 27 in.); unframed: 121.9 x 58.4 cm (48 x 23 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Cleveland Museum of Art (Study Collection), 1974.71", "current_location": null, "title": "Saint Catherine", "creation_date": "early 1970s", "creation_date_earliest": 1970, "creation_date_latest": 1974, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, style of 16th Century"], "technique": "oil on panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 129.5 x 68.6 cm (51 x 27 in.); Unframed: 121.9 x 58.4 cm (48 x 23 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.295, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.686, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 1.219, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.584, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1974</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Goller artificially aged this painting and used a 1500s wooden panel as the support so it would appear centuries older than it is.", "description": "This panel was formerly believed to be from a lost altarpiece by German artist Matthias Gr\u00fcnewald (c.1480\u20131528). Scientific analysis of the pigments revealed that it was painted in the 1900s by Christian Goller, an artist who specialized in works inspired by Medieval and Renaissance painters. Goller\u2019s use of traditional materials and techniques has led to the frequent misattribution of his artworks to various historical artists, including Gr\u00fcnewald, Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472\u20131533), and Albrecht D\u00fcrer (1471\u20131528). Goller often based his designs on surviving motifs by these artists; this <em>Saint Catherine</em>, for example, was derived from a drawing by Gr\u00fcnewald himself.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472670"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.71-st-catherine"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d September 17, 1974, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2177"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1974.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 3 (1975).", "page_number": "no. 48, p. 68", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580"}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. <em>The Rare Art Traditions: The History of Art Collecting and Its Linked Phenomena Wherever These Have Appeared.</em> New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dwyer Modestini, Dianne, and Mario Modestini. <em>Masterpieces: Based on a Manuscript by Mario Modestini</em>. Fiesole (Firenze) : Cadmo, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 351-353; reproduced: p. 352", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.71", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (Study Collection)", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147975, "creators": [{"id": 449709, "description": "Christian Goller (German, 1943\u20132017)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "German painter, born ca. 1943", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1943", "death_year": "2017", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}, {"id": 37852, "description": "Matthias Gr\u00fcnewald (German, c. 1480\u20131528)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "imitator of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1480", "death_year": "1528", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-08-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1970, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1970s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:49.668000"}, {"id": 543981, "accession_number": "2023.122", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Dutton Family in the Drawing Room of Sherborne Park, Gloucestershire, c. 1772. Johann Zoffany (German, 1733\u20131810). Oil on canvas; unframed: 101.5 x 127 cm (39 15/16 x 50 in.); framed: 124.5 x 149.9 x 7.6 cm (49 x 59 x 3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2023.122", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "The Dutton Family in the Drawing Room of Sherborne Park, Gloucestershire", "creation_date": "c. 1772", "creation_date_earliest": 1771, "creation_date_latest": 1772, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 101.5 x 127 cm (39 15/16 x 50 in.); Framed: 124.5 x 149.9 x 7.6 cm (49 x 59 x 3 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 1.015, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.27, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "framed": {"height": 1.245, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.499, "width_inch": 59, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1907), no. 143.", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>English Conversation Pieces: Exhibition in Aid of the Royal Northern Hospital. </em>Royal Northern Hospital, 25 Park Lane, London (March 1930), no. 59.", "opening_date": "1930-03-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>English Eighteenth-Century Portraits</em>. Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, R.I. (November 12-30, 1932)", "opening_date": "1932-11-12T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>A Century of Progress: Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture</em>. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (June 1 - November 1 1933) no. 208.", "opening_date": "1933-06-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>La Peinture Anglaise, XVIII et XIX sie\u0300cles. </em>Muse\u0301e du Louvre, Paris (March-July 1938), no. 157.", "opening_date": "1938-03-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>European Masters of the Eighteenth Century</em>. Royal Academy, London. (November 27, 1954 - February 27, 1955), no. 100.", "opening_date": "1954-11-27T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Le sie\u0300cle de l'e\u0301le\u0301gance: la demeure anglaise au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle</em>. (February - May 1959), no. 215.", "opening_date": "1959-02-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Eye of Thomas Jefferson. </em>National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C. (June 5 - September 6, 1976), no. 76.", "opening_date": "1976-06-05T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Rococo: Arts and Design in Hogarth's England</em>. Victoria and Albert Museum, London (May 16 - September 30, 1984), no. M31.", "opening_date": "1984-05-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Johann Zoffany RA: Society Observed</em>. Yale Center for British Art, New Haven and Royal Academy, London (October 27, 2011 - June 10, 2012), London only.", "opening_date": "2011-10-27T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned by James Lenox Dutton (1712-1776), Sherborne Park, Gloucestershire, and by descent to his son", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1772-1776", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "James Dutton, 1st Baron Sherborne (1744-1820), and thence by descent to James Huntly Dutton, 6th Baron Sherborne (1873-1949)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1776-1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Christie's London, June 28, 1929 (lot 72), where acquired for 7000 gns by Daniel Haddock Farr)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(with Daniel Haddock Farr (1876-1976), dealer, New York, NY and Philadelphia, PA)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-1937", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Walter Samuel, 2nd Viscount Bearsted (1882-1948), London, and thence by descent to Peter Samuel, 4th Viscount Bearsted (1911-1996)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1938-1996", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Descendants of Peter Samuel, 4th Viscount Bearsted; (Sotheby's London, June 14, 2001 (lot 16), where acquired by European Private Collection)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996-2001", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "European Private Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2001-2023", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Christie's Private Sale to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2023-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is an idealized, not actual, room showing the sitters\u2019 fashionable interior decorating aspirations.", "description": "This type of picture, known as a conversation piece, was invented in England in the 1700s and popular for the informal way it represented families. A father and daughter, mother and son, are strategizing over the next hand in a game of cards. The family recently lost a loved one, so the parents are dressed in full mourning (black clothing), and the siblings in lesser mourning (mauve, white, and gray).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122778439"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.122-the-dutton-family-in"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Willoughby, L. \"Sherborne House.\", <em>Connoisseur</em> Vol. XXX (1911):", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10,12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Manners, Victoria, and George C. Williamson. <em>John Zoffany, R.A., His Life and Works. 1735-1810</em>. London: John Lane, 1920.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154, 233, 277", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Williamson, George C. <em>English Conversation Pictures of the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries</em>. London: B.T. Batsford, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, 14-15; Reproduced: pl. xl", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sitwell, Sacheverell, Michel Sevier, and Rex Whistler. <em>Conversation Pieces: A Survey of English Domestic Portraits and Their Painters</em>. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24-25, 34, 36-37, 40, 43, 46-47, 94; Reproduced: pl.29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mann, Harrington. <em>The Technique of Portrait Painting</em>. London: Seeley Service &amp; Company, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 78; Reproduced: pl. 72", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Praz, Mario. <em>Conversation Pieces; A Survey of the Informal Group Portrait in Europe and America</em>. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99-100; Reproduced: fig. 60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paulson, Ronald.<em> Emblem and Expression: Meaning in English Art of the Eighteenth Century</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 156-7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ward-Jackson, Peter W. <em>Le sie\u0300cle de l'e\u0301le\u0301gance: la demeure anglaise au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle</em>. Paris: Muse\u0301e des Arts Decoratifs, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 215", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, William Howard. <em>The Eye of Thomas Jefferson</em>: [Exhibition]. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 76", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Snodin, Michael. <em>Rococo: Art and Design in Hogarth's England</em> : [Exhibition] the Victoria and Albert Museum. London: Trefoil Books, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. M31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Webster, Mary.<em> Johan Zoffany, 1733-1810</em>. New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172-3; Reproduced: fig. 152", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zoffany, Johann, Martin Postle, and Clarissa Campbell Orr. <em>Johan Zoffany RA: Society Observed</em>. New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 256; Reproduced: no. 75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rhode Island School of Design. <em>Exhibition of English Eighteenth-Century Portraits</em>. [Providence]: Rhode Island School of Design, 1932.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bradbury, Oliver. \"One family's 'heroic age': The forgotten treasures of Dutton patronage - and remnants of lost William Kent?\" <em>The British Art Journal </em>14, no. 3 (2013/2014): 21-26.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory. \"The Conversation Piece. Zoffany's 'The Dutton Family' debuts in the British Gallery.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 64, no. 1 (2024): 28-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28; Mentioned: p. 28-29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-01"}, {"citation": "\"Looking Back to Look Forward: A Year in Highlights.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>65, no. 3 (2024): 38.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2023.122", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.122/2023.122_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "717", "filesize": "338100", "filename": "2023.122_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.122/2023.122_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2707", "filesize": "3307325", "filename": "2023.122_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.122/2023.122_full.tif", "width": "10252", "height": "8161", "filesize": "251030860", "filename": "2023.122_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.122/2023.122_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "751", "filesize": "271373"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.122/2023.122_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2838", "filesize": "2797507"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.122/2023.122_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11961", "height": "9985", "filesize": "358321568"}, "date_created": "2023-07-14T15:09:29", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 543981, "creators": [{"id": 543978, "description": "Johann Zoffany (German, 1733\u20131810)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": null, "biography": "German painter, 1733-1810, active in England", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1810", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2023-09-11T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1771, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1772", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 09:11:35.868000"}, {"id": 109042, "accession_number": "1927.208", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Art Lovers, c. 1863. Honor\u00e9 Daumier (French, 1808\u20131879). Gray and black wash, charcoal, and graphite, with watercolor, on cream laid paper; sheet: 26.2 x 19.4 cm (10 5/16 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1927.208", "current_location": null, "title": "Art Lovers", "creation_date": "c. 1863", "creation_date_earliest": 1858, "creation_date_latest": 1868, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "Gray and black wash, charcoal, and graphite, with watercolor, on cream laid paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.2 x 19.4 cm (10 5/16 x 7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.262, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.194, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.275, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.194, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in black ink: h.D.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "<i>Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361102, "title": "Daumier: peintures, aquarelles, dessins", "description": "<i>Daumier: peintures, aquarelles, dessins</i>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (organizer) (March 2-June 7, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-03-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360859, "title": "Independent Painters of Nineteenth-Century Paris", "description": "<i>Independent Painters of Nineteenth-Century Paris</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (March 15-April 28, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356272, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361103, "title": "Daumier, 1808-1879", "description": "<i>Daumier, 1808-1879</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (November 6-December 12, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-11-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347233, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-October 3, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347343, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 27, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361104, "title": "19th-Century French Drawings", "description": "<i>19th-Century French Drawings</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (March 8-April 6, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356677, "title": "Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (June 1-September 15, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360892, "title": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse", "description": "<i>French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse</i>. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (July 31-September 28, 1958); Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (October 24, 1958-January 2, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 3-March 15, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "<i>Aspects of Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302279, "title": "Water Color", "description": "<i>Water Color</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 6-August 27, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361184, "title": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier, 1808-1879", "description": "<i>Honor\u00e9 Daumier, 1808-1879</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (September 23-November 25, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361188, "title": "Daumier Drawings", "description": "<i>Daumier Drawings</i>. St\u00e4del Museum (organizer) (November 17, 1992-January 17, 1993); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 26-May 2, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-11-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition des peintures et dessins de H. Daumier</em>. Galeries Durand-Ruel, Paris (1878).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Daumier</em>. Palais de l'\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, Paris (May 1901).", "opening_date": "1901-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Nineteenth Century Paintings</em>. Seattle Art Museum (March 7 - May 6, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-03-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Madame Pierre Bureau, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1878-by 1923", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Paul Bureau [1865-1923], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1923", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "his estate, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1923 - 1927", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, Collection Paul Bureau [premi\u00e8re vente], May 20, 1927, no. 66, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, through Marcel Guiot)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier produced watercolors primarily for collectors of his work, suggesting that this image, somewhat ironically, was intended to be sold to the very figures it depicts.", "description": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier was known for his witty depictions of contemporary Parisian types, including the art collectors seen in this drawing. The sheet belongs to a series in which the artist depicted these connoisseurs in the process of closely studying works of art. Although here, the men's focus seems sincere, in many works Daumier caricatured his subjects' greediness, smugness, or obliviousness.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746301"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.208-art-lovers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Champfleury. \"L'Hotel des commissaires-priseurs (suite), l'amateur.\" <em>Le Monde illustr\u00e9 </em>7, no. 314 (April 18, 1863): 253-254.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition des peintures et dessins de H. Daumier</em>. Paris: Galeries Durand-Ruel, 1878.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62, no. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alexandre, Ars\u00e8ne. <em>Honor\u00e9 Daumier: L'Homme et l'oeuvre</em>. Paris: H. Laurens, 1888.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 376", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition Daumier</em>. Paris: Palais de l'\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, 1901.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29, no. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Klossowski, Erich. <em>Honore Daumier</em>. Munich: R. Piper &amp; Co., 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 119, no. 365", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Le Vieux Collectionneur.\" \"Un Ensemble Unique de 50 Daumier: La Collection Bureau.\" <em>Bulletin de l'Art Ancien et Moderne</em>, no. 738 (May 1927): 167-173.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 170, 172; Reproduced: p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. \"A Drawing by Daumier.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 14, no. 10 (December 1927): 155-157.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 155-157; Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue des tableaux anciens...Collection de M. Paul Bureau</em>. Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n61"}, {"citation": "\"A Daumier Gem.\" <em>The Art Digest </em>11, no. 7 (January 1928): 32.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 161", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."}, {"citation": "Escholier, Raymond. <em>Daumier</em>. Paris: Floury, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 263; Reproduced: pl. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fuchs, Eduard. <em>Der Maler Daumier</em>. Munich: Albert Langen, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 38-39, 57, no. 249a; Reproduced: pl. 249", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R.H. <em>French Painting</em>. Boston: Hale, Cushman &amp; Flint, Inc., 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 232; Reproduced: pl. 92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monzie, Anatole de and Claude Roger-Marx. <em>Daumier: Peintures, Aquarelles, Dessins</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 101-102, no. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Independent Painters of Nineteenth Century Paris</em>. Exh. Cat. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "D.A. \"'Lovers of Art,' by Honor\u00e9 Daumier.\" <em>Christian Science Monitor</em> (November 1, 1936): n.p.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Daumier, 1808-1879</em>. Exh. Cat. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Museum of Art, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, no. 19; Reproduced: pl. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fleischmann, Benno. <em>Honor\u00e9 Daumier: Gem\u00e4lde, Graphik</em>. Vienna: Otto Lorenz, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. XXXIX; Reproduced: pl. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roger-Marx, Claude. <em>Daumier</em>. Paris: Plon, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "<em>19th-Century French Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. San Francisco: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 39, no. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Huyghe, Ren\u00e9 and Philippe Jaccottet. <em>Le Dessin Fran\u00e7ais au XIXe Si\u00e8cle</em>. Lausanne: Mermod, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R.H. <em>French Painting</em>. Rev. Ed. London: Medici Society, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 212; Reproduced: pl. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums</em>. Exh. Cat. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adh\u00e9mar, Jean. <em>Honor\u00e9 Daumier: Drawings and Watercolors</em>. New York: Macmillan, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17; Reproduced: after p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 600", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n112"}, {"citation": "Houghton, Amory. <em>Les Dessins fran\u00e7ais dans les collections am\u00e9ricaines de Clouet \u00e0 Matisse</em>. Paris: Art et style: 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moskowitz, Ira. <em>Great Drawings of All Time</em>. New York: Shorewood, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. III, n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moskowitz, Ira and Maurice S\u00e9rullaz. <em>Drawings of the Masters: French Impressionists</em>. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Rey, Robert. <em>Honor\u00e9 Daumier</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Feldman, Edmund Burke. <em>Art as Image and Idea</em>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 332", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maison, K.E. <em>Honor\u00e9 Daumier: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 of the Paintings, Watercolors, and Drawings. </em>New York: New York Graphic Society Ltd., 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. II, p. 135, no. 391; Reproduced: pl. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art</em>. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 136; Reproduced: p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vincent, Howard P. <em>Daumier and His World</em>. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Feldman, Edmund Burke. <em>Varieties of Visual Experience: Art as Image and Idea</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 416", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Praeger Encyclopedia of Art</em>. New York: Praeger, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 512", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roy, Claude. <em>Daumier Dessins</em>. Geneva: Skira, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Feldman, Edmund Burke. <em>Varieties of Visual Experience</em>. Basic Edition. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 304", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nishimura, Toshio, ed. <em>Courbet et le r\u00e9alisme</em>. Tokyo: Chuokoronsha, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 113; Reproduced: pl. IV", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n230"}, {"citation": "Chapman, Laura H. <em>Approaches to Art Education</em>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Drawings on Exhibition.\" <em>Drawing </em>1, no. 3 (September - October 1979): 63-65.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kist, Jan Rie. <em>Honor\u00e9 Daumier, 1808-1879</em>. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75, no. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richard, Paul. \"Daumier's Fearless Wit.\" <em>Washington Post </em>(September 23, 1979): G1, G7", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. G1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koschatzky, Walter. <em>Die Kunst des Aquarelles: Technik, Geschichte, Meisterwerke</em>. Salzburg: Residenz, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 432; Reproduced: p. 28, pl. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rotzler, Willy. <em>Who's Who in Graphic Art</em>. Dubendorf: De Clivo, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldstein, Nathan. <em>The Art of Responsive Drawing</em>. 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 201; Reproduced: p. 202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ives, Colta, Margret Stuffmann, and Martin Sonnabend. <em>Daumier Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45, 165, no. 70; Reproduced: p. 46, 164.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Wechsler, Judith. <em>Le cabinet des dessins Daumier</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blin, Didier and Caroline Larroche. <em>Daumier 1808-1879</em>. Exh. Cat. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 410, under no. 258", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, pp. 136-37, 291, no. 54; Reproduced: p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Albl, Stefan, and Alina Aggujaro. <em>Il metodo del conoscitore: approcci, limiti, prospettive. </em>Roma: Artemide, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [2]", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montfort, Anne, V. Loth, and Saul Steinberg. Saul Steinberg: entre les lignes. Paris : E\u0301ditions du Centre Pompidou, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 20, no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cNineteenth-Century French Drawings: The widely recognized collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 62, no. 4 (December 2022): Cover, P. 18-19.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 19; Mentioned, P. 18.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "DeWitte, Debra. \"The Display and Dispersal of Drawings in 19th-Century France.\" In <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>32-41. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 33, fig. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 104-107, no. 13", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Daumier Register 10391; Maison 391", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.208", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "900", "filesize": "306571", "filename": "1927.208_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_print.jpg", "width": "2519", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3923533", "filename": "1927.208_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_full.tif", "width": "9198", "height": "12414", "filesize": "342580088", "filename": "1927.208_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "900", "filesize": "209461"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2519", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3436999"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9198", "height": "12414", "filesize": "342576312"}, "date_created": "2022-04-05T09:05:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "893", "filesize": "471458"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2539", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7596893"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4580", "height": "6132", "filesize": "84283116"}, "date_created": "2010-11-08T18:45:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "665", "height": "893", "filesize": "486856"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1525", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2672502"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.208/1927.208_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1525", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9373060"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 109042, "creators": [{"id": 1638, "description": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier (French, 1808\u20131879)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Honor\u00e9 Daumier was eight years old when his father, a glazier and frame maker who had decided to pursue his poetic talents in Paris, sent for the wife and three sons he lad left behind in Marseilles. In Paris Daumier studied drawing with Alexandre Lenoir (1761-1839) and at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. Around 1825 he began a five-year apprenticeship with the publisher and lithographer Z\u00e9pherin Belliard (1798-?). The July revolution of 1830, which established Louis-Philippe as the constitutional monarch in France, coincided with Daumier's creation of satirical lithographs aimed at this new government. That same year he joined La Caricature, a political journal founded by the republican artist-publisher, Charles Philipon (1802-1862). Daumier's antimonarchist and liberal subjects that were printed in this paper eventually cost the journal censorship and the artist six months in jail (31 August 1832 to 14 February 1833) plus a 300-franc fine. His prison sentence did not deter him from producing political statements and, in fact, only fueled his rage. The subjects of his lithographs became much more aggressive. In 1835 he worked for Philipon's second publication, Le Charivari, a humorous political newspaper that published Daumier's satirical caricature until it, too, suffered censorship under the new government. Although Daumier may be best known for his graphic art, he was also a sculptor and a prolific painter. Sculpture became another medium to produce his infamous caricatures. His friend, Honor\u00e9 de Balzac, French novelist and editor of La Caricature, saw in these works the force of Michelangelo. In 1834 Daumier began experimenting with painting, both in oil and watercolor. Apart from his Salon entries of 1849 and 1850, his paintings, which totaled over three hundred, were painted primarily for his own pleasure and virtually unknown to the public until after his death in 1879.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1808", "death_year": "1879", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-06-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1858, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1863", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Connoisseurs"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:48.315000"}, {"id": 109295, "accession_number": "1927.437", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Madame D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Raoul-Rochette, 1830. Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (French, 1780\u20131867). Graphite on cream wove paper; sheet: 32.2 x 24 cm (12 11/16 x 9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1927.437", "current_location": null, "title": "Madame D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Raoul-Rochette", "creation_date": "1830", "creation_date_earliest": 1830, "creation_date_latest": 1830, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "graphite on cream wove paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.2 x 24 cm (12 11/16 x 9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.322, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.24, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, lower right, in graphite: Ingres \u00e0 son ami et / confrere Monsieur / Raoul Rochette / 1830", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "<i>Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356272, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347233, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-October 3, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361104, "title": "19th-Century French Drawings", "description": "<i>19th-Century French Drawings</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (March 8-April 6, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355529, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Components of Art: The Line", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Components of Art: The Line</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-April 12, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311920, "title": "Paintings and Drawings by Ingres", "description": "<i>Paintings and Drawings by Ingres</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 5-29, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-03-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "<i>Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-April 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "<i>Aspects of Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518735, "title": "Exhibition of Works by Ingres", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Works by Ingres</i>. Rosenberg & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (April 6-May 6, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361190, "title": "Ingres: Centennial Exhibition, 1867-1967. Drawings, Watercolors and Oil Sketches from American Collections", "description": "<i>Ingres: Centennial Exhibition, 1867-1967. Drawings, Watercolors and Oil Sketches from American Collections</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (February 12-April 9, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361192, "title": "Ingres", "description": "<i>Ingres</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (October 27, 1967-January 29, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Tableaux, \u00e9tudes peintes, dessins, et croquis de J.-A.-D. Ingres</em>. Galeries du Palais de l\u2019\u00c9cole Imp\u00e9riale des Beaux-Arts, Paris (1867).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Ingres, organis\u00e9e au profit du Mus\u00e9e Ingres</em>. Galeries Georges Petit, Paris (April 26\u2013May 14, 1911).", "opening_date": "1911-05-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>19th-Century French Drawings</em>. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor (March 8\u2013April 6, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-04-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Ingres in American Collections</em>. Paul Rosenberg, New York (April 7\u2013May 6, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-05-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Ingres Centennial Exhibition, 1867\u20131967</em>. Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA (February 12\u2013April 9, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Ingres</em>. Petit Palais, Paris (October 27, 1967\u2013January 29, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>In Pursuit of Perfection: The Art of J.-A.-D. Ingres</em>. J. B. Speed Art Museum, Louisville, KY (December 6, 1983\u2013January 29, 1984); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (March 3\u2013May 6, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-12-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Raoul-Rochette [1790\u20131854] (sitter\u2019s husband), Paris, by descent to his wife, Madame D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Raoul-Rochette", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->All this information is from Naef 1979, 5:162. For an explanation of the descent of Ingres portrait drawings within the Raoul-Rochette family, see Naef 1963b, 20, whose source was the great grandson of D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Raoul-Rochette, Andr\u00e9 Perrin</div>"], "date": "probably 1830-1854", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Madame D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Raoul-Rochette, n\u00e9e Antoinette-Claude Houdon [1790\u20131878], Paris, by descent to her grandson, Raoul Perrin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1854-1878", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Raoul Perrin [1841\u20131910], by descent to his widow, Madame Raoul Perrin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1878-1910", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Madame Raoul Perrin [?\u20131912], by descent to her son, Edmond Perrin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1910-1912", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "by descent to her son, Edmond Perrin [d. 1919]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1912-by 1918", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., Inc., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918-1927", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ingres paid close attention to his sitter's costume: a fashionable open coat and dress with leg-of-mutton sleeves.", "description": "While living in Rome, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres began making commissioned graphite portraits as a way of providing additional income. He aspired to a career as a history painter, however, and made such works only as gifts for friends after achieving professional success. This sheet was a gift for its sitter's husband, a famous archaeologist to whom Ingres dedicated it at lower right. The subject of the drawing, Antoinette-Claude Houdon, was the youngest daughter of Jean-Antoine Houdon (1741\u20131828), an important 18th-century French sculptor. Using the style he developed for such works, the artist drew in stark, confident lines, with no apparent erasing or correction.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781118"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.437-madame-desire-raoul"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue des tableaux \u00e9tudes peintes, dessins, et croquis de J.-A.-D. Ingres </em>[. . .] <em>expos\u00e9s dans les galeries du Palais de l\u2019\u00c9cole Imp\u00e9riale des Beaux-Arts</em>. Paris: Ad. Lain\u00e9 et J. Havard, 1867.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 97, no. 573", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blanc, Charles. <em>Ingres, sa vie et ses ouvrages</em>. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1870.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 239", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delaborde, Henri. <em>Ingres, sa vie, ses travaux, sa doctrine</em>. Paris: Henri Plon, 1870.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 310, no. 398", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montesquiou, Robert de. <em>Roseaux pensants</em>. Paris: Charpentier, 1897.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition Ingres, organis\u00e9e au profit du Mus\u00e9e Ingres</em>. Paris: Georges Petit, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lapauze, Henry. <em>Ingres, sa vie &amp; son \u0153uvre (1780\u20131867), d\u2019apr\u00e8s des documents in\u00e9dits</em>. Paris: Georges Petit, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 286; Reproduced: p. 281", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n60"}, {"citation": "Hourticq, Louis. <em>Ingres: l\u2019\u0153uvre du ma\u00eetre</em>. Paris: Hachette, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 72, 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. \"A Portrait Drawing by Ingres.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 15, no. 2 (1928): 27-29.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 27-29; Reproduced: cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137098"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. \"The Graphic Section.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 157-172.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Katharine. \"Ingres, the Artist.\" <em>The Bystander </em>(November 30, 1929): 4-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zabel, Morton Dauwen. \u201cThe Portrait Methods of Ingres.\u201d <em>Art and Archaeology</em> 28, no. 4 (October 1929): 103-116.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zabel, Morton D. \u201cIngres in America.\u201d <em>The Arts</em> 16, no. 6 (February 1930): 369-382, 436.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 381-382; Reproduced: p. 374", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R.H. <em>French Painting</em>. Boston: Hale ,Cushman &amp; Flint, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. \"Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 19, no. 10 (1932): 166-175.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 168-169", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>19th-Century French Drawings</em>. Exh. cat. San Francisco: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 18, no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Graphic Portraits by Ingres.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 35, no. 3 (1948): 36-37.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R.H. <em>French Painting. </em>Rev. ed. London: Medici Society, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 181", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alazard, Jean. <em>Ingres et l\u2019ingrisme</em> Paris: Albin Michel, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84; Reproduced: plate LXI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alazard, Jean. <em>Ingres</em>. Firenze: Electa, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 72; Reproduced: plate LXI", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 595", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n111"}, {"citation": "<em>Ingres in American Collections</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Paul Rosenberg and Co., 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 41, no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Naef, Hans. <em>Ingres und die Familie Raoul-Rochette</em>. Z\u00fcrich: Schweizer Monatshefte, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33-34; Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Naef, Hans. \u201cIngres et la famille Raoul-Rochette.\u201d <em>Bulletin du Mus\u00e9e Ingres</em> 14 (December 1963): 13-23.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n189"}, {"citation": "Schlenoff, Norman. \"Ingres Centennial at the Fogg Museum.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 109, no. 771 (1967): 376-79.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Ingres</em>. Exh. cat. Paris: Petit Palais, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 220-21, no. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mongan, Agnes and Hans Naef<em>. Ingres Centennial Exhibition</em>. Exh. cat. Cambridge, MA: Fogg Art Museum, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art</em>. Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90; Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n189"}, {"citation": "Mongan, Agnes. \u201cIngres as a Great Portrait Draughtsman.\u201d In <em>Colloque Ingres</em>. Montauban: Amis du Mus\u00e9e Ingres, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 148, 151; Reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. <em>French Painting</em>. 3rd rev. ed. New York: Dover, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 181", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delpierre, Madeleine. \u201cIngres et la mode de son temps (De la possibilit\u00e9 de dater, par l\u2019\u00e9tude des costumes, ses portraits dessin\u00e9s.\u201d In <em>Actes du colloque international Ingres et le n\u00e9o-classicisme</em>, 147-56. Montauban: Amis du Mus\u00e9e Ingres, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150; Reproduced: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pansu, Evelyne. <em>Ingres dessins</em>. Paris: Chene, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 170-71, no. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n224"}, {"citation": "Naef, Hans. <em>Die Bildniszeichnungen von J.-A.-D. Ingres</em>. Bern: Benteli, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 3, pp. 98-99; vol. 5, pp. 162-63, no. 334", "url": null}, {"citation": "Condon, Patricia, Marjorie B. Cohn, and Agnes Mongan. <em>In Pursuit of Perfection: The Art of J.-A.-D. Ingres</em>, 146, 224 (ill.), no. 73. Exh. cat. Louisville, KY: J. B. Speed Art Museum, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 146, 224, no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Michael J. <em>Drawing: A Glossary of Materials: Selections from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tortora, Phyllis and Keith Eubank. <em>A Survey of Historic Costume</em>. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 224; Reproduced: p. 225", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>J. A. D. Ingres, 1780\u20131867: Zeichnungen und \u00d6lstudien aus dem Mus\u00e9e Ingres, Montauban</em>. Exh. cat. Innsbruck, Aus.: Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Ferdinand Georg Waldm\u00fcller in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Portrait of Crescentia, Countess Zichy (later Countess Sz\u00e9chenyi) with a Parrot and a Camellia in a Mountainous Landscape.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 1 (1994): 3-17.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161437"}, {"citation": "Ribeiro, Aileen. <em>Ingres in Fashion: Representations of Dress and Appearance in Ingres\u2019s Images of Women</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 72, 76, 179; Reproduced: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, pp. 128-129, 290, no. 50; Reproduced: p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn and Michael W. Cothren. <em>Art History</em>. Revised 2nd ed. Boston: Pearson, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 27-5.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Master Drawings</em>. London: Colnaghi, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn and Michael W. Cothren. <em>Art History</em>. 5th ed. Boston: Pearson, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 952-953; Reproduced: p. 953", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 164", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Codell, Julie. \u201cConvergences: Art History, Museums and Scholar-Agent Martin Birnbaum\u2019s Transatlantic Art for the Public.\u201d In <em>Art Markets, Agents and Collectors: Collecting Strategies in Europe and the United States, 1550\u20131950</em>, edited by Adriana Turpin and Susan Bracken, 316-27. London: Bloomsbury, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 325n22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 88-91, no. 7a", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Naef 334", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.437", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.437/1927.437_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "893", "filesize": "366940", "filename": "1927.437_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.437/1927.437_print.jpg", "width": "2692", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6525293", "filename": "1927.437_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.437/1927.437_full.tif", "width": "4422", "height": "5583", "filesize": "74089784", "filename": "1927.437_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 109295, "creators": [{"id": 1685, "description": "Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres (French, 1780\u20131867)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leading exponent of French neoclassicism and the academic tradition, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres was born in Montauban in 1780. At the age of ten he began studying art and music in Toulouse. In 1797 he entered the Paris studio of David (q.v.), where he became a favorite pupil and assistant. Barely a year later a dispute prompted Ingres to leave the studio and enroll in the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. In 1801 he won the Prix de Rome, but lack of funds prevented him from departing for Italy until 1806. During fourteen years in Rome and four in Florence, Ingres painted romantic troubadour themes and became an admirer of Raphael. In 1824 he returned to Paris and exhibited at the Salon, where a fierce debate erupted between his supporters and those of Delacroix (q.v.). The controversial Salon of 1824 signaled Ingres's emergence as the leader of the neoclassical movement in France. At that point he effectively assumed the role of his former teacher David, now in exile. In 1833 the French government appointed Ingres vice president of the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and president the following year. In 1834 he accepted the directorship of the French Academy in Rome and spent the next seven years painting and studying antique art in Italy. In 1841 he returned to Paris, where his paintings were greeted with thunderous critical acclaim. A major retrospective at the Exposition Universelle of 1855 confirmed his reputation but also aroused the hostility of young artists opposed to academic rules and conventions. During his later years Ingres continued his bitter rivalry with Delacroix, successfully blocking the latter's admission to the academy until 1857. Ingres died in 1867, leaving behind a circle of followers and a remarkable drawing style that was to inspire later artists, including Degas (q.v.) and Pablo Picasso (1881-1973).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1780", "death_year": "1867", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1830, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1830", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of Madame Raoul-Rochette"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:50:29.609000"}, {"id": 110565, "accession_number": "1929.13", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fighting Horses, c. 1820. Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault (French, 1791\u20131824). Watercolor over graphite; sheet: 21.7 x 29.4 cm (8 9/16 x 11 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1929.13", "current_location": null, "title": "Fighting Horses", "creation_date": "c. 1820", "creation_date_earliest": 1815, "creation_date_latest": 1825, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "watercolor over graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "ivory wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 21.7 x 29.4 cm (8 9/16 x 11 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.217, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.294, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on old label (now removed), in brown ink: This drawing by G\u00e9ricault was / the property of The Marquis of / Hertford & left to Sir Richard / Wallace, who in time bequethed / it to Sir John Murray Scott / Bart: / Purchased by Leggatt Bros at / the sale of Sir John Murray / Scott's Drawings etc, at 5 / Connaught Place Marble Arch. / Feb: 9th 1914.; on old label (now removed): across top, in graphite: 41 [circled] Dr. Bellingham Smith; down center, in brown ink: J. L. A. T. G\u00e9ricault / Horses Fighting / Colles Marquess of Hertford / Sir Richard Wallace and / Sir John Murray Scott / Exhib. Burlington Fine Arts Club / 1922 . No 52. / Pictures drawings & Sculptures of French School / of the last 100 years.\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "<i>Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361204, "title": "Exhibition of Drawings from the Museum Collection Supplemented by Loans from Local Collections", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Drawings from the Museum Collection Supplemented by Loans from Local Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 12-September 15, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-07-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312498, "title": "The Work of Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault and Honor\u00e9 Daumier", "description": "<i>The Work of Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault and Honor\u00e9 Daumier</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356272, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347233, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-October 3, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361104, "title": "19th-Century French Drawings", "description": "<i>19th-Century French Drawings</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (March 8-April 6, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361205, "title": "Watercolors by the Masters: D\u00fcrer to C\u00e9zanne", "description": "<i>Watercolors by the Masters: D\u00fcrer to C\u00e9zanne</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (May 1-June 15, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "<i>Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-April 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361211, "title": "The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings", "description": "<i>The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (March 26-April 23, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519373, "title": "Nineteenth Century: 125 Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Nineteenth Century: 125 Master Drawings</i>. Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (March 26-April 23, 1962); Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (May 10-June 30, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361211, "title": "The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings", "description": "<i>The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings</i>. Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (May 15-July 1, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "<i>European Watercolors Through the 18th Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361212, "title": "The Artist and the Animal: A Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Animal Medical Center", "description": "<i>The Artist and the Animal: A Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Animal Medical Center</i>. M. Knoedler & Co., Inc., New York, NY (organizer) (May 7-24, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-05-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361213, "title": "G\u00e9ricault", "description": "<i>G\u00e9ricault</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (October 12-December 12, 1971); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (January 23-March 7, 1972); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (March 30-May 14, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-10-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304539, "title": "Brush Drawings", "description": "<i>Brush Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 3-May 10, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309649, "title": "Goya, Gericault and Delacroix", "description": "<i>Goya, Gericault and Delacroix</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-April 24, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361214, "title": "Master Drawings by G\u00e9ricault", "description": "<i>Master Drawings by G\u00e9ricault</i>. The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (June 7-July 31, 1985); San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, CA (August 31-October 20, 1985); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (November 9, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361215, "title": "Gericault: Romantic Paintings and Drawings", "description": "<i>Gericault: Romantic Paintings and Drawings</i>. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (January 28-March 26, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-01-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441794, "title": "G\u00e9ricault", "description": "<i>G\u00e9ricault</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (September 26, 1991-January 6, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Paintings, Drawings, and Sculpture of the French School of the Last 100 Years</em>. Burlington Fine Arts Club, London (1922).", "opening_date": "1922-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Collection of Paintings, Porcelain, Bronzes, Decorative Furniture, and Other Works of Art Lent for Exhibition</em>. Bethnal Green Branch of the South Kensington Museum (June 1872).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Anatole Demidoff [1812-1870], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1863", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hotel Drouot, Paris, Tableaux des premiers maitres..., January 13-16, 1863, no. 58, probably sold to Richard Seymour-Conway, 4th Marquess of Hertford)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As&nbsp; \"Un March\u00e9 aux chevaux. Aquarelle.\"</div>"], "date": "1863", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Richard Seymour-Conway, 4th Marquess of Hertford [1800-1870], by descent to his son Sir Richard Wallace", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Inscribed on an old label.</div>"], "date": "probably 1863-1870", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sir Richard Wallace [1818-1890], Paris, by descent to his wife Julie-Am\u00e9lie-Charlotte Castelnau, Lady Wallace", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1870-1890", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Julie-Am\u00e9lie-Charlotte Castelnau, Lady Wallace [1819-1897], London, by descent to her advisor Sir John Murray Scott", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Hertford House inventory of 1890.</div>"], "date": "1890-1897", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sir John Murray Scott [1847-1912], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1897-1912", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Phillips, Son & Neale, Contents of the Residence...of Sir John E.A. Murray Scott, February 9, 1914, no. 446)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As \"Wild Horses; and Horses in a Stable (a pair).\"</div>"], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Ernest Leggatt [1853-1922; Lugt 1664e], London, sold to Guy Bellingham Smith)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to a letter from Guy Bellingham Smith, CMA files.</div>"], "date": "after 1914-?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Guy Bellingham Smith, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1914-1927", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Frederik Muller & Cie, Amsterdam, Dessins anciens...Collection Bellingham-Smith, July 5-6, 1927, no. 38, probably sold to Gustav Nebehay)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As \"Combat de chevaux. Au centre, un grand cheval blanc; \u00e0 gauche et \u00e0 droite, des chevaux bruns et autres aux fond. Aquarelle.-Haut. 21,5, larg. 29,5 cent.\"</div>"], "date": "1927", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Gustav Nebehay [1881-1935], Vienna, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault began this work with sketches from life, which became a graphite underdrawing beneath the watercolors.", "description": "Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault turned away from traditional subjects such as mythology and the Bible in favor of modernity, emotion, and drama. He was fascinated by the power and physical beauty of horses and depicted them often. G\u00e9ricault himself was an avid rider and his paintings and drawings on this theme are characterized by vigor and movement. In this watercolor, he focused on a conflict, in which a groom struggles to separate a pair of fighting horses\u2014a scene that appeared only a few times throughout his many interpretations of similar subjects. A sketchbook, now in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago, shows that the artist carefully studied the animals, including the kicking white stallion at center, in graphite before beginning this finished work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757041"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.13-fighting-horses"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Black, C.C. <em>Catalogue of the Collection of Paintings, Porcelain, Bronzes, Decorative Furniture, and Other Works of Art, Lent for the Exhibition in the Bethnal Green Branch of the South Kensington Museum, by Sir Richard Wallace</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Bethnal Green Branch Museum, 1874.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 735", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Pictures, Drawings, and Sculpture of the French School of the Last 100 Years</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 159", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Drawing by Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 20, no. 7 (July 1933): 111-113", "page_number": "Mentioned: 111-113; Reproduced: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Exhibition of the Work of G\u00e9ricault.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 24 (1937): 24-26.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Klaus. <em>Gericault: Drawings &amp; Watercoolrs</em>. New York: H. Bittner, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>19th-Century French Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. San Francisco: California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Watercolors by the Masters: D\u00fcrer to C\u00e9zanne</em>. Exh. Cat. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault, 1791-1824</em>. Exh. Cat. Winterthur: Kunstmuseum Winterthur, 1953.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Either, Lorenz. \"G\u00e9ricault at Winterthur.\" <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 96, no. 617 (August 1954): 254-259.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>De David a\u0300 Toulouse-Lautrec; chefs-d'\u0153uvres des collections ame\u0301ricaines</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 75; Reproduced: plate 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roger-Marx, Claude. \"Les Chefs-d'oeuvre des mus\u00e9es des \u00c9tats-Unis: De David \u00e0 Toulouse-Lautrec.\" <em>Le Jardin des arts</em> (May 1955): 385-400.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 396, 400", "url": null}, {"citation": "Veronesi, Giulia. \"Saluto alla Francia.\" <em>Emporium</em> 122 (September 1955).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 598", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n112"}, {"citation": "H\u00fcttinger, Eduard. <em>Sammlung Emil G. B\u00fchrle</em>. Exh. Cat. Z\u00fcrich: Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84, under no. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eitner, Lorenz. <em>G\u00e9ricault: An Album of Drawings in the Art Institute of Chicago</em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27, under nos. 20 and 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eitner, Lorenz. <em>The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 48; Reproduced: plate 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mongan, Agnes. <em>Great Drawings of All Time</em>. Vol. 3. New York: Shorewood Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 727", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n192"}, {"citation": "Virch, Claus. <em>The Artist and the Animal.</em> Exh. Cat. New York: Knoedler, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 56, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n192"}, {"citation": "Eitner, Lorenz. <em>G\u00e9ricault</em>. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 107, 180-181, no. 65; Reproduced: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reidemeister, Leopold, Brigitte Zehmisch, Rolf Kultzen, et al. <em>Fondation Collection Emil G. B\u00fchrle</em>. Munich: Artemis, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58, under no. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 206", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n226"}, {"citation": "Thuillier, Jacques and Grunchec, Philippe. <em>L'opera completa di Gericault</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101, under no. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eitner, Lorenz. \"Review: Tout l'oeuvre peint de G\u00e9ricault.\" <em>Burlington Magazine </em>122, no. 924 (March 1980): 206-210.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grunchec, Phlippe. <em>Gericault: Dessins et Aquarelles de Chevaux</em>. Lausanne: Edita, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94; Reproduced: p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grunchec, Philippe. <em>Master Drawings by Gericault</em>. Exh. Cat. Washington, DC: International Exhibitions Foundation, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ingamells, John. <em>The Wallace Collection Catalogue of Pictures: French Nineteenth Century</em>. London: Wallace Collection, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 301, no. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eitner, Lorenz E.A. and Steven A. Nash. <em>Gericault, 1791-1824</em>. Exh. Cat. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laveissi\u00e8re, Sylvain and R\u00e9gis Michel. <em>Gericault</em>. Exh. Cat. Pairs: Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 353", "url": null}, {"citation": "Noel, Bernard. <em>G\u00e9ricault</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bazin, Germain. <em>Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault: \u00e9tude critique, documents et catalogue raisonn\u00e9</em>. Paris: Wildenstein, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 69, 214, no. 1657; Reproduced: p. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Drawings on Exhibition.\" <em>Drawing</em> 16, no. 6 (March - April 1995): 131-133.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brugerolles, Emmanuelle. <em>G\u00e9ricault: Dessins &amp; estampes des collections de l'\u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: \u00c9cole nationale sup\u00e9reure des Beaux-Arts, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 221, under no. E.9", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 126-127, p. 290, no. 49; Reproduced: p. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chenique, Bruno. <em>Les Chevaux de G\u00e9ricault</em>. Paris: Bibliotheque de l'Image, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 38, no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alsteens, Stijn, Carmen C. Bambach, George Goldner, et al, eds. <em>Raphael to Renoir: Drawings from the Collection of Jean Bonna</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 220, under no. 97", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Bazin 1657", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.13", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.13/1929.13_web.jpg", "width": "1212", "height": "893", "filesize": "832471", "filename": "1929.13_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.13/1929.13_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2505", "filesize": "7802308", "filename": "1929.13_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.13/1929.13_full.tif", "width": "6210", "height": "4577", "filesize": "85299632", "filename": "1929.13_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.13/1929.13_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1217", "height": "893", "filesize": "933723"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.13/1929.13_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1503", "filesize": "2694107"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.13/1929.13_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1503", "filesize": "9237620"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 110565, "creators": [{"id": 11643, "description": "Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault (French, 1791\u20131824)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1791", "death_year": "1824", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-01-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1815, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1820", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Horses Battling in a Corral"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:52:09.407000"}, {"id": 127227, "accession_number": "1949.544", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Church Bells Ringing, Rainy Winter Night, December 1917. Charles Burchfield (American, 1893\u20131967). Watercolor and gouache over graphite on wove paper; sheet: 77.2 x 50 cm (30 3/8 x 19 11/16 in.); secondary support: 77.5 x 50 cm (30 1/2 x 19 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Louise M. Dunn in memory of Henry G. Keller, 1949.544", "current_location": null, "title": "Church Bells Ringing, Rainy Winter Night", "creation_date": "December 1917", "creation_date_earliest": 1917, "creation_date_latest": 1917, "artists_tags": ["Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "male", "May Show"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "watercolor and gouache over graphite on wove paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "two sheets (joined) of cream(2) wove paper, laid down on cardboard", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 20th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 77.2 x 50 cm (30 3/8 x 19 11/16 in.); Secondary Support: 77.5 x 50 cm (30 1/2 x 19 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.772, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.5, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.775, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.5, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, at lower right, in graphite: Chas E Burchfield / Dec. 1917", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616515, "title": "Eighth Exhibition of Watercolors and Pastels", "description": "<i>Eighth Exhibition of Watercolors and Pastels</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6-December 7, 1930).", "opening_date": "1930-11-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 338899, "title": "New Accessions, USA, 1950", "description": "<i>New Accessions, USA, 1950</i>. Colorado Springs Fine Arts Center (July 2-September 4, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-07-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311926, "title": "The Drawings of Charles E. Burchfield", "description": "<i>The Drawings of Charles E. Burchfield</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1953-January 10, 1954).", "opening_date": "1953-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301176, "title": "Charles Burchfield Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>Charles Burchfield Retrospective Exhibition</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art (January 11-February 26, 1956); The Baltimore Museum of Art (March 14-April 22, 1956); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (May 9-June 17, 1956); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (July 11-August 19, 1956); Los Angeles County Museum of Art (September 5-October 14, 1956); The Phillips Collection (November 4-December 11, 1956); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 28, 1956-February 10, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520118, "title": "The Decade of the Armory Show", "description": "<i>The Decade of the Armory Show</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 27-April 14, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338891, "title": "The Decade of the Armory Show: New Directions in American Art, 1910-1920", "description": "<i>The Decade of the Armory Show: New Directions in American Art, 1910-1920</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art (February 27-April 14, 1963); Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis (June 1-July 14, 1963); The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 6-September 15, 1963); Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Museum of American Art (September 30-October 30, 1963); The Art Institute of Chicago (November 15-December 29, 1963); Buffalo AKG Art Museum (January 20-February 23, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338888, "title": "The New Tradition: Modern Americans Before 1940", "description": "<i>The New Tradition: Modern Americans Before 1940</i>. Corcoran Gallery of Art (April 26-June 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-04-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519722, "title": "The New Tradition: Modern Americans before 1940", "description": "<i>The New Tradition: Modern Americans before 1940</i>. Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (April 26-June 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-04-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520217, "title": "Paintings by Charles Burchfield", "description": "<i>Paintings by Charles Burchfield</i>. Kansas City Art Institute, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (September 15-October 20, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338885, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art (organizer) (September 15-October 20, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 315769, "title": "200 Years of American Painting", "description": "<i>200 Years of American Painting</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 1-May 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338585, "title": "Past and Present", "description": "<i>Past and Present</i>. Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (April 14-September 15, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-04-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338582, "title": "Pageant of Ohio Painters", "description": "<i>Pageant of Ohio Painters</i>. The Butler Institute of American Art (April 3-30, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517431, "title": "Exhibition of Ohio Painters", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Ohio Painters</i>. The Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, OH (organizer) (April 4-30, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338576, "title": "Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth", "description": "<i>Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (April 23-June 16, 1968); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum (June 28-August 18, 1968); Seattle Art Museum (September 5-October 13, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338569, "title": "The Nature of Charles Burchfield: A Memorial Exhibition, 1893\u20131967, Paints, Drawings, Prints", "description": "<i>The Nature of Charles Burchfield: A Memorial Exhibition, 1893\u20131967, Paints, Drawings, Prints</i>. Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (organizer) (April 3-June 14, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444839, "title": "Expo '74 International Exposition on the Environment: Our Land, Our Sky, Our Water", "description": "<i>Expo '74 International Exposition on the Environment: Our Land, Our Sky, Our Water</i>. World's Fair, Spokane, WA (organizer) (May 4-November 3, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-05-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443959, "title": "The Natural Paradise: Painting in America 1800 - 1950", "description": "<i>The Natural Paradise: Painting in America 1800 - 1950</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 29-November 30, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-09-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309579, "title": "The Cleveland Institute of Art: 100 Years", "description": "<i>The Cleveland Institute of Art: 100 Years</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 22, 1982-January 30, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-12-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309860, "title": "America Draws", "description": "<i>America Draws</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1984-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309877, "title": "Nocturnal Impressions", "description": "<i>Nocturnal Impressions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 12, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338564, "title": "An American Visionary: Watercolors and Drawings of Charles E. Burchfield", "description": "<i>An American Visionary: Watercolors and Drawings of Charles E. Burchfield</i>. Currier Museum of Art; Berkshire Museum; Boston Athenaeum (March 20-May 16, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-03-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338503, "title": "The Early Works of Charles E. Burchfield 1915-1921", "description": "<i>The Early Works of Charles E. Burchfield 1915-1921</i>. Columbus Museum of Art (December 13, 1987-February 7, 1988); Laguna Art Museum (March 5, 1998-April 24, 1988); Burchfield Penney Art Center (May 14-July 3, 1998).", "opening_date": "1987-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338490, "title": "Charles E. Burchfield: The Sacred Woods", "description": "<i>Charles E. Burchfield: The Sacred Woods</i>. The Drawing Center (June 12-July 30, 1993); Minnesota Museum of American Art (September 10-November 14, 1993); Burchfield Penney Art Center (December 11, 1993-February 6, 1994); Hunter Museum of American Art (April 3-May 22, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-06-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311873, "title": "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946", "description": "<i>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 19-July 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-05-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338484, "title": "The Paintings of Charles Burchfield: North by Midwest", "description": "<i>The Paintings of Charles Burchfield: North by Midwest</i>. Columbus Museum of Art (March 25-May 19, 1997); Burchfield Penney Art Center (June 15-August 17, 1997); National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC (September 1, 1997-January 25, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-03-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177916, "title": "Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age", "description": "<i>Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 28-July 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 230346, "title": "Heat Waves in a Swamp: The Paintings of Charles Burchfield", "description": "<i>Heat Waves in a Swamp: The Paintings of Charles Burchfield</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (June 23-October 17, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-06-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 313096, "title": "Charles Burchfield: The Ohio Landscapes, 1915\u20131920", "description": "<i>Charles Burchfield: The Ohio Landscapes, 1915\u20131920</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 22, 2018-May 5, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-12-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 439250, "title": "Charles E. Burchfield: A Lifetime of Themes", "description": "<i>Charles E. Burchfield: A Lifetime of Themes</i>. Burchfield Penney Art Center, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (December 10, 2021-May 1, 2022) https://burchfieldpenney.org/exhibitions/exhibition:11-13-2020-02-28-2021-charles-e-burchfield-a-lifetime-of-themes/.", "opening_date": "2021-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Pioneers of Modern Art in America</em>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (April 9 - May 19, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-04-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Romantic Painting in America</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (November 17, 1943 - February 6, 1944).", "opening_date": "1943-11-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by Charles Burchfield. </em>Cleveland School of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 20 - May 10, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-04-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Early Water Colors of Charles Burchfield</em>. Phillips Memorial Gallery (November 5, 1933 - February 15, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Charles Burchfield: Early Watercolors, 1916-1918</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York (April 11 - April 26, 1930).", "opening_date": "1930-04-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Louise M. Dunn, Cleveland, OH, gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1949", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1949-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 130711, "description": "Winter Night, 1917. Charles Burchfield (American, 1893\u20131967). Black ink, black crayon, and graphite on two sheets of butt-joined paper, lined; sheet: 27.7 x 24.8 cm (10 7/8 x 9 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund, 1953.428. Reproduced with permission from the Charles E. Burchfield Foundation", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Salem's Baptist Church, a central feature of Burchfield's composition, has since been destroyed by fire.", "description": "Burchfield considered this drawing among the greatest accomplishments of his \u201cgolden year.\u201d This period followed a time of self-doubt and uncertainty: after graduating from the Cleveland School of Art, Burchfield enrolled in the National Academy of Design in New York City, but dropped out after one day, returning to Salem to work an office job. He painted inexhaustibly during his breaks and at night, depicting Salem and its environs in an increasingly abstract style.<br><br><em>Church Bells Ringing, Rainy Winter Night</em> shows the spire of Salem\u2019s Baptist church rising up between two houses. Burchfield hoped to express his powerful childhood fear of the bell\u2019s ominous ring\u2014which he described as \u201ca dull roar . . . dying slowly &amp; with a growl.\u201d Hearing it on stormy winter nights, he huddled in his bed and calmed himself by thinking of Christmas, a practice suggested by the tree visible through a window in the drawing. Burchfield carefully refined the composition throughout the sketches seen in this gallery.<br><br>The drawing\u2019s mood is conveyed through gray tones and the buildings\u2019 hulking forms. Burchfield also created a complex language of symbols entitled \u201cConventions for Abstract Thoughts,\u201d that recurred throughout his work and represented universal emotions. The hooked forms surrounding the tower stood for \u201cFear,\u201d for example, and the shapes of the houses\u2019 doors and windows symbolize \u201cMorbidness\u201d and \u201cEvil.\u201d Developed fully in this drawing, these symbols dominated Burchfield\u2019s work during the remaining several years he spent in Ohio.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780835"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Charles Burchfield: Early Watercolors 1916 to 1918</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5-7, 11; Reproduced: plate 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burroughs, Alan. <em>Limners and Likenesses: Three Centuries of American Painting</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1936.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, Forbes. <em>American Painting Today</em>. Washington, D.C.: American Federation of Arts, 1939.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by Charles Burchfield</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland School of Art, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Soby, James Thrall and Dorothy C. Miller. <em>Romantic Painting in America</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42, 102; Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Soby, James Thrall. <em>Contemporary Painters</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1948.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"'Church Bells Ringing: Rainy Winter Night' by Charles E. Burchfield.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>37, no. 2 (February 1950): 23-24, repr. on cover.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23-24; Reproduced on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baur, John Ireland Howe. \"Burchfield's Intimate Diaries.\" <em>Art News </em>54 (January 1956): 27 (repr.).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bauer, John I. H. <em>Charles Burchfield. </em>Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16, no. 11; Reproduced: no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baur, John. \"Fantasy and Symbolism in Charles Burchfield's Early Watercolors.\" <em>Art Quarterly </em>19 (Spring 1956): 30-40", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36-37; Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 556", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n104"}, {"citation": "<em>The Decade of the Armory Show: New Directions in American Art, 1910 - 1920</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 9; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 191", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n215"}, {"citation": "Curry, Larry. <em>Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth</em>. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, no. 84; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 191", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n215"}, {"citation": "Trovato, Joseph S. <em>Charles Burchfield: Catalogue of Paintings in Public and Private Collections</em>. Utica: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57; Mentioned: p. 70, no. 401", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>19th and 20th Century Art: Paintings, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 303", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>19th and 20th Century Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 303, fig. 281", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trovato, Joseph S. <em>The Nature of Charles Burchfield: A Memorial Exhibition, 1893\u20131967, Paints, Drawings, Prints</em>. Exh. Cat. Utica, NY: Museum of Art, Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18-19; Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 237", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n257"}, {"citation": "Melvin, Ronald McKnight. <em>Five American Masters of Watercolor</em>. Evanston, IL: Terra Museum of American Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baur, John I. H. <em>The Inlander: Life and Work of Charles Burchfield 1893-1967</em>. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 73; Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Early Works of Charles E. Burchfield, 1915-1921</em>. Exh. Cat. Columbus, Ohio: Columbus Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10, 48; Mentioned: p. 67, no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Appelhof, Ruth Ann, Barbara Haskell, and Jeffrey Russell Hayes. <em>The Expressionist Landscape: North American Modernist Painting, 1920-1947</em>. Exh. Cat. Birmingham, AL: Birmingham Museum of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Townsend, J. Benjamin, ed. <em>Charles Burchfield's Journals: The Poetry of Place</em>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18-19, 28 no. 18, 112 no. 15, 136 no. 38, 311 no. 20, 332, 410 no. 13, 437, 577; Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weekly, Nancy. <em>Charles E. Burchfield: The Sacred Woods</em>. Exh. Cat. Buffalo, NY: Burchfield Art Center, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41-43, 115; Reproduced: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., and David Steinberg. <em>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946: Community and Diversity in Early Modern America</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 44, p. 88-89, 104n., 56, 245, Reproduced: fig. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maciejunes, Nannette V., and Michael D. Hall. <em>The Paintings of Charles Burchfield: North by Midwest.</em> Exh. Cat. Columbus, OH: Columbus Museum of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 113, 160-161, 264; Reproduced: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maciejunes ,Nannette V., and Norine S. Hendricks. \"Nurturing His Muse: The Archives of Charles Burchfield's Creative Life.\" <em>American Art Journal </em>28, no. 1/2 (1997):", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32; Mentioned: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 238-39, no. 100; Reproduced: p. 239", "url": null}, {"citation": "Udall, Sharyn Rohlfsen. <em>Carr, O'Keeffe, Kahlo: Places of Their Own</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hunter, Sam, John M. Jacobus, and Daniel Wheeler. <em>Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 256", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gober, Robert, Cynthia Burlingham, Dave Hickey, Tullis Johnson, and Nancy Weekly. <em>Heat Waves in a Swamp: The Paintings of Charles Burchfield</em>. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Hammer Museum, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16, 18-19, 22, 26, 62 (repr.), 63, 162; Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duncan, Michael. <em>\"</em>Charles Burchfield: Into the Mystic.\" <em>Art in America</em> (February 2010): 94-101.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Welchans, Roger Anthony, Elizabeth McClelland, and Douglas Max Utter. <em>Joseph McCullough: Remembrances</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Artists Archives of the Western Reserve, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burns, Sarah. \"'Better for Haunts': Victorian Houses and the Modern Imagination.\" <em>American Art</em> 26, no. 3 (2012): 2-25.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry, and Lawrence Waldman. <em>Painting in Pure Color: Modern Art in Cleveland Before the Armory Show (1908-1913)</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Artists Foundation, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 9-10; Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weekly, Nancy and Audrey Lewis. <em>Exalted Nature: The Real and Fantastic World of Charles E. Burchfield.</em> Buffalo, NY: Burchfield Penney Art Center, SUNY Buffalo State, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, figure 15; Mention: p. 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cozzolino, Robert, et. al., eds. <em>World War I and American Art. </em>Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199, pl. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cCharles Burchfield's Golden Year: A new exhibition examines the Ohio-born artist's symbolic landscapes.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>58, no. 6 (November/December 2018): 9.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-06/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Weekly, Nancy, and Burchfield-Penney Art Center. <em>Charles E. Burchfield: A Lifetime of Themes</em>. Edited by Mariel Bard. Buffalo: Burchfield Penney Art Center, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 46-47", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Straus 280; Trovato 401", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.544", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.544/1949.544_web.jpg", "width": "587", "height": "900", "filesize": "199232", "filename": "1949.544_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.544/1949.544_print.jpg", "width": "2216", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1964637", "filename": "1949.544_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.544/1949.544_full.tif", "width": "5213", "height": "8000", "filesize": "125145560", "filename": "1949.544_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.544/1949.544_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "585", "height": "893", "filesize": "408960"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.544/1949.544_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2227", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5513626"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.544/1949.544_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4285", "height": "6542", "filesize": "84133452"}, "date_created": "2009-03-12T17:40:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.544/1949.544_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "572", "height": "893", "filesize": "398954"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.544/1949.544_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "984", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1128442"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.544/1949.544_alt1_full.tif", "width": "984", "height": "1536", "filesize": "4535988"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Louise M. Dunn in memory of Henry G. Keller", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127227, "creators": [{"id": 3989, "description": "Charles Burchfield (American, 1893\u20131967)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles Burchfield was among the most original and poetic painters of the Cleveland modernist movement. Born in Ashtabula, he moved to Salem, Ohio, following the death of his father in 1898. After graduating from high school, he attended Cleveland School of Art, studying with William Eastman, Frederick Gottwald, Henry Keller, and Frank Wilcox. In 1914 Burchfield began attending Kokoon Klub exhibitions, and in spring 1915 he went to Brandywine to meet William Sommer. Around this time Burchfild began experimenting with the brilliant colors and simplified forms of the Berlin Heights painters. He painted his first mature works in 1915, and grad ed from the Cleveland School of Art with a degree in illustration the following spring. That summer the Cleveland School of Art sponsored his first solo exhibition, and in the fall, after attending the National Academy of Design in New York for one month, he returned to Salem. In February 1917 the Cleveland School of Art mounted his second solo exhibition. Burchfield was inducted into the army that summer. After his return in 1919 he exhibited with other Cleveland modernists at the Play House, Laukhuff\u2019 s Book store, and other Cleveland venues. In 1921 he went on an extended sketching trip through eastern Ohio with Keller, Wilcox, and Paul Travis, exhibiting these recent paintings at the Cleveland School of Art and in the May Show at the Cleveland Museum of Art. Later that year he moved to Buffalo to work as a wallpaper designer, a position he retained until he resigned in 1929 to become a full-time painter. Over the next 30 years he exhibited extensively at museums and galleries across the country. Solo exhibitions of his paintings were held at New York\u2019s Museum of Modern Art (1930), Pittsburgh\u2019 s Carnegie Institute of Art (1935, 1938, 1946), and Buffalo\u2019 s Albright-Knox Art Gallery (1944, 1955, 1963, 1967). In 1953 New York\u2019s Whitney Museum of American Art organized a major exhibition that traveled to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Burchfield died in West Seneca, New York. <br>\"Transformations in Cleveland Art\" (CMA, 1996), p. 224", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1893", "death_year": "1967", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-12-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1917, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "December 1917", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 20:33:44.458000"}, {"id": 112320, "accession_number": "1930.742", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Belt for a Lady's Dress, c. 1375\u20131400. Italy, Siena(?). Basse-taille enamel and gilding on silver, silver thread, gilt-silver buckle, cast and chased; overall: 236.5 x 2.9 x 0.6 cm (93 1/8 x 1 1/8 x 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1930.742", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Belt for a Lady's Dress", "creation_date": "c. 1375\u20131400", "creation_date_earliest": 1370, "creation_date_latest": 1405, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Siena(?)"], "technique": "basse-taille enamel and gilding on silver, silver thread, gilt-silver buckle, cast and chased", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 236.5 x 2.9 x 0.6 cm (93 1/8 x 1 1/8 x 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.365, "height_inch": 93, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.029, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.006, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 444712, "title": "The Secular Spirit: Life and Art at the End of the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>The Secular Spirit: Life and Art at the End of the Middle Ages</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 28-June 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "the belt belonged in the family of Prince Nicolas Mingrelsky", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 147761, "description": "Virgin and Child, c. 1315\u201320. France, Lorraine. Limestone with traces of polychromy and gilding; overall: 75.9 x 28 cm (29 7/8 x 11 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1974.14", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely at the tiny scenes of courtly love on the plaques that adorn this belt. Given their size, these scenes were designed for the enjoyment of the woman who wore this belt over a sumptuous dress rather than an admirer from a distance.", "description": "Because of its extraordinary richness, this belt (also known as a girdle) was both an ornament for the body and an object of great personal luxury. Almost eight feet in length, belts like this were at the height of fashion for both men and women. After being passed around the waist and through the buckle, one end of the belt would fall to the hem of the garment. The belt's many colorful enamel plaques are worked in translucent enamel over decoration engraved into the silver beneath (an enameler's technique known as basse-taille). Within the plaques and cast into the buckle are scenes of courtly love, musicians, and fantastic animals. A large number of translucent enamels were made for secular objects during the late Middle Ages for use on jewelry, cups, garment clasps, and similar objects. This belt is a rare survival among these now scarce objects.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741691"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.742-belt-for-a-lady-s-dr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cGirdle of the Fourteenth Century.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 3 (March 1930): 35\u201341.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 35-41", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137281"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n82"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n82"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cA Gothic Madonna from Lorraine.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 10 (December 1974): 343\u2013349.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 343-345, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152558"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Dillon, Emma. \"Sensing Sound.\" In<em> A Feast for the Senses: Art and Experience in Medieval Europe </em>edited by Martina Bagnoli, Baltimore: Walters Art Museum,  2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fuenmayor, Marta Redondo de. \u201cLa cultura material en el testamento de Leonor P\u00e9rez de Guzm\u00e1n: joyas, textiles y ajuar dom\u00e9stico como legado femenino en el siglo XIV.\u201d <em>Goya</em>, n. 390 (September/December 2025): 216-233.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 223", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.742", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.742/1930.742_web.jpg", "width": "515", "height": "900", "filesize": "61485", "filename": "1930.742_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": 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"print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.742/1930.742_alt30_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1921", "filesize": "2307856"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.742/1930.742_alt30_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1921", "filesize": "8855228"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112320, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-01-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1370, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1375\u20131400", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The belt is constructed from a tablet-woven textile band overlaid with a silver wire mesh and adorned with 88 quatrefoil basse-taille enamels. Though the silver wire mesh is likely constructed using the loop-in-loop chain-making technique, research is ongoing. The enamels, in two sizes, are mounted on decorative gilt-silver settings attached to the belt\u2019s structure with round-headed rivets. Each rivet is secured on the reverse of the belt with flower-shaped repouss\u00e9 silver washers. Both ends of the belt are elaborately decorated with gilt-silver plaques with more enamels and chased motifs, featuring anthropomorphic mythical creatures and floral designs. <br><br>The length of the belt (94 inches) allowed it to cinch multiple layers of clothing, then drape gracefully down to the lady\u2019s hem. A hook near the buckle served to secure a chatelaine or similar belongings. The makers of the belt carefully considered the orientation of the quatrefoil enamels to ensure that each image would remain upright when the belt was worn: the enamels cleverly transition from a vertical to a horizontal alignment near the center where the belt begins to drape downward. <br><br>The makers achieved variations in the color of the enamels through the depth of the chasing in the silver and the resulting thickness of the glass overlay. This interplay of opacity and translucency is characteristic of basse-taille enamels. In places, the enamel is so translucent that the tool marks on the underlying silver are visible through the glass. <br><br>Scientific analysis of the glass composition and fiber in the textile further elucidates the makers\u2019 choice in materials. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) of the glass suggests that colorants include cobalt, iron, magnesium, and copper oxides. Polarized light microscopy (PLM) of a fiber from the textile band suggests that the makers used bast fibers, likely flax (used to make linen) to weave the band.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Girdle"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.408000"}, {"id": 168417, "accession_number": "2010.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Candelabra, c. 1790\u201395. Russia, Tula. Cut and polished steel with gold and silvered decoration; overall: 40.7 x 24.8 cm (16 x 9 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.2", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "Pair of Candelabra", "creation_date": "c. 1790\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1785, "creation_date_latest": 1880, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Russia, Tula"], "technique": "cut and polished steel with gold and silvered decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 40.7 x 24.8 cm (16 x 9 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.407, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.248, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection (Hotel Druot, Paris, Piasa, 18 June 1999).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Kraemer Family Collection (Kraemer & Cie, Paris).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Decorative works in steel like this pair of candelabra were made by gun makers in the town of Tula, Russia, to impress the empress, Catherine the Great.", "description": "Founded in 1705 by Peter the Great, the armory at Tula developed steadily over the 18th century to become the center of Russian metalworking, especially in arms manufacturing. In the 1770s and 1780s, Catherine the Great took <br>a keen interest in the work produced there, sending several of the most proficient craftsmen to England to study the decorative application of steel in armories in Sheffield and London. Subsequently, the Tula artisans surpassed the metalworkers in Britain and elsewhere in Europe, producing decorative wares that were as precious and precise as their brilliantly embellished firearms. Empress Catherine was so pleased that she commissioned diplomatic and royal gifts of Tula ware as well as several noted examples of furniture in the distinctive Tula style of cut steel, gilt-bronze, silver, and gold.<br><br>The most recognizable characteristic of Tula ware was the use of beads of steel that replicated faceted diamonds and crystals. No other region was able to achieve the vividness of this technique in cut steel. Most works in Tula steel were small and precious such as inkstands, bobbin holders, buttons, footstools, single candlesticks, etc. These candelabra typify the Neoclassical taste in Russia during the late 1700s, a significant moment in Russian design because of the mature level of craftsmanship and style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756979"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.2-pair-of-candelabra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \"Cleveland Museum of Art Announces Newest Acquisitions,\" September 7, 2010, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4979"}, {"citation": "Negrotti, Rosanna. \"Acquisition of the Year.\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em>. V. CLXXII, no. 582 (December 2010).", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 42, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen. \"Museum Accessions: Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Antiques</em> (Jan/Feb 2011).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mann, C. Griffith. \"Acquisitions 2010.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 51, no. 2 (March/April 2011): 10-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2011-02/page/10/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with, New York, NY: Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 222-223", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}, {"citation": "\"Recent acquisitions (2005-11) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 1312, no.154 (July 2012): 525-32.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 530, fig. XIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade.<em> The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 138", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.2/2010.2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "648", "filesize": "140926", "filename": "2010.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.2/2010.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2449", "filesize": "1234629", "filename": "2010.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.2/2010.2_full.tif", "width": "5958", "height": "4291", "filesize": "76723056", "filename": "2010.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "0bc8645f4e6c4289a666d258f39f816a", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/0bc8645f4e6c4289a666d258f39f816a", "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 168417, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1785, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1790\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:50.610000"}, {"id": 126059, "accession_number": "1948.28", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Sunday Afternoon in the Country, 1917. Florine Stettheimer (American, 1871\u20131944). Oil on canvas; framed: 139 x 103.5 x 8.3 cm (54 3/4 x 40 3/4 x 3 1/4 in.); unframed: 128 x 92.5 cm (50 3/8 x 36 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Ettie Stettheimer, 1948.28", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "Sunday Afternoon in the Country", "creation_date": "1917", "creation_date_earliest": 1917, "creation_date_latest": 1917, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 139 x 103.5 x 8.3 cm (54 3/4 x 40 3/4 x 3 1/4 in.); Unframed: 128 x 92.5 cm (50 3/8 x 36 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.39, "height_inch": 54, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.035, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 1.28, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.925, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"19 FS 17 [FS in monogram]\"\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 520340, "title": "Florine Stettheimer: One Man Show", "description": "<i>Florine Stettheimer: One Man Show</i>. Durlacher Brothers, New York, NY (organizer) (October 29-November 23, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443032, "title": "Florine Stettheimer: Still Lifes, Portraits, and Pageants, 1910-1942", "description": "<i>Florine Stettheimer: Still Lifes, Portraits, and Pageants, 1910-1942</i>. The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (March 4-April 27, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 232658, "title": "Florine Stettheimer", "description": "<i>Florine Stettheimer</i>. Lenbachhaus, M\u00fcnchen, Germany (organizer) (September 27, 2014-January 4, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-09-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Florine Stettheimer (1946); traveled to Chicago, Arts Club (1947); to San Francisco, De Young Memorial Museum (1947); illus. plate 14, listed p. 54; ownership attributed to Durlacher Bros, New York.", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, Detroit Institute of Arts (3-27 April 1951), no catalogue but see Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts (Annual Report, 1951-1952) vol. 31, no. 2, p. 29.", "opening_date": "1951-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Durlacher Bros., Florine Stettheimer: One Man Show (29 October-23 November 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Institute of Contemporary Art, Florine Stettheimer: Still Lifes, Portraits and Pageants 1910 to 1942 (4 March-27 April 1980); traveled to San Antonio, TX, Marion Koogler McNay Art Institute (7 July-15 August 1980); to Poughkeepsie, NY, Vassar College Art Gallery (28 September-9 November 1980); illus. fig. 6, listed. cat. no. 8.", "opening_date": "1980-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Florine Stettheimer: Manhattan Fantastica (13 July-5 November 1995) illus. p. 36; listed p. 138.", "opening_date": "1995-07-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Munich, Germany, Lenbachhaus, Florine Stettheimer (27 September 2014-1 April 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-09-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ettie Stettheimer (Durlacher Brothers, New York), given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131948", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although on her deathbed Florine Stettheimer instructed that all her paintings be destroyed, her family did not grant the wish.", "description": "Born into a cosmopolitan German-Jewish family, Florine Stettheimer hosted numerous gatherings for cutting-edge New York cultural figures. These events often provided subject matter for her paintings, as in this rendering of a weekend picnic held at her family\u2019s summer home on the banks of the Hudson River. In the background at the upper right, Stettheimer portrays herself working at her easel, recording the varied activities taking place. Dismissed as not being serious art in their day, almost all her paintings remained unsold when she died. Afterward, her sister Ettie\u2014seen here standing at lower left in a red coat\u2014donated many of them to selected museums, including this work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515579"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mulcahy, Susan, \"Why Were So Many Stettheimer Art Works Up for Sale? Not All Were Real,\" <em>New York Times</em>, February 7, 2021.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "P. C-1", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Florine Stettheimer,\" <em>Artnews</em> 45 (November 1946).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 59.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Part II. Annual Report Issue for the Year 1948.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 36, no. 6 (June 1949): 111-42.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 113", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141566"}, {"citation": "Tyler, Parker. <em>Florine Stettheimer: A Life in Art.</em> New York: Farrar, Straus, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 34-36; Mentioned: P. 90, 131-134, 176", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Reviews and Previews.\" <em>ARTnews </em>62, no. 8 (December 1963): 10-14, 50-58, 68.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cullinan, Helen. \"Art &amp; Artists: Brotherly Love for Sisters.\" <em>The Plain Dealer</em> (June 9, 1974): 16E.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 16E", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nochlin, Linda. \u201cFlorine Stettheimer: Rococo Subversive.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 68, no. 7 (September 1980): 64\u201383.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenblum, Naomi. <em>A World History of Photography.</em> New York, N.Y.: Abbeville Press, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 507-508, fig. 653", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenblum, Naomi. <em>A World History of Photography</em>. New York: Abbeville Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 507-508, fig. 653", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, Steven. <em>Strange Bedfellows: The First American Avant-Garde.</em> New York: Abbeville Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, Steven. \u201cThree Sisters.\u201d <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em> 9, no. 5 (May 1992): 60\u201367.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bloemink, Barbara J. <em>The Life and Art of Florine Stettheimer.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 77, no. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winkfield, Trevor. 1996. \u201cVery Rich Hours.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 84 (July 1996): 64\u201369.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenblum, Naomi. <em>A World History of Photograph</em>y. New York: Abbeville Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 508-509, fig. 653", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marquis, Alice Goldfarb. <em>Marchel Duchamp: The Bachelor Stripped Bare : a Biography</em>. Boston: MFA Publications, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 117-118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thum, Carol. \"Personal Favorite.\" <em>Cleveland Museum of Art </em>44, no. 5 (May 2004): 15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mu\u0308hling, Matthias, Karin Althaus, Susanne Bo\u0308ller, Gerrit Jackson, and Florine Stettheimer. <em>Florine Stettheimer</em>. Munich, Germany: Hirmer, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 22-23, no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Stephen, Georgiana Uhlyarik, Cecily Brown, and Jens Hoffmann. <em>Florine Stettheimer: Painting Poetry</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cristia, Cintia. \"Painting Jazz: Sound, Music, and Rhythm In the Work of Florine Stettheimer.\" In <em>Florine Stettheimer: New Directions in Multimodal Modernism</em>. Irene Gammel, and Suzanne Zelazo, 179-199. Toronto: Book*hug Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 187-188, fig. 9.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Althaus, Karin, Florine Stettheimer, Susanne Bo\u0308ller, and Russell Stockman. Florine Stettheimer: the great masters of art. 2020, 22.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 22, fig 10.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.28", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Ettie Stettheimer", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. Robert B. Benyo Trust Gallery", "athena_id": 126059, "creators": [{"id": 3297, "description": "Florine Stettheimer (American, 1871\u20131944)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1871", "death_year": "1944", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-01-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1917, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1917", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-10 02:25:37.105000"}, {"id": 147479, "accession_number": "1973.212", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pan and Syrinx, 1720. Jean Fran\u00e7ois de Troy (French, 1679\u20131752). Oil on canvas; framed: 123.5 x 159.5 x 12 cm (48 5/8 x 62 13/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 106 x 139 cm (41 3/4 x 54 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1973.212", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Pan and Syrinx", "creation_date": "1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1720, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 123.5 x 159.5 x 12 cm (48 5/8 x 62 13/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 106 x 139 cm (41 3/4 x 54 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.235, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.595, "width_inch": 62, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.12, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.06, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.39, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower center: \"De Troy 1720\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Herner Wengraf/Old Masters Galleries, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, London, sale, June 29, 1973, no. 93, sold to Herner Wengraf)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "George Ortiz [1927-2013], Geneva, consigned to Christie\u2019s", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Untiel 1973", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Graziella Pati\u00f1o de Ortiz-Linares [b. c. 1908-1980], to her son, George Ortiz", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "After 1934-before 1973", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Page?1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1\"Page\" is written in as the buyer of this painting in the Galerie Charpentier auction catalogue.&nbsp; His or her identity, and whether he or she was a collector, a dealer, or an agent for Graziella Pati\u00f1o de Ortiz-Linares, the subsequent owner, is unknown at this point.</div>"], "date": "1934-", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Galerie Charpentier, Paris, Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange sale, Dec. 11, 1934, lot 46, sold to \u201cPage\u201d)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Family of Gustave Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange III, consigned to Galerie Charpentier", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1923-1934", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Gustave Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange III [1863-1923], by descent to his family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917-1923", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Jeanne Sipi\u00e8re Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange [1843-1917], to her son, Gustave Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange III", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1882-1917", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Subjects drawn from classical mythology posed a challenge for painters: they demanded skill in depicting the human body in complex poses, as well as knowledge of ancient texts and an ability to interpret them imaginatively. Jean Fran\u00e7ois de Troy\u2019s rich colors and voluptuous figure types were ideal for depicting the sorts of mythological subjects favored by his elite patrons, which generally focused on themes of love. In a myth recounted in the Roman poet Ovid\u2019s <em>Metamorphoses</em>, the nymph Syrinx fled from the lecherous advances of the god Pan. Trapped at the edge of a river, she begged for a way to escape, and the gods transformed her into reeds. Pan later gathered these reeds to form the pan pipes, the musical instrument forever associated with him.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472514"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.212-pan-and-syrinx"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Highly Important Pictures by Old Masters: The Properties of the Parish of All Hallows Berkyngechirche by the Tower ... and from Other Sources, Which Will Be Sold at Auction by Christie, Manson &amp; Woods ... Friday, June 29, 1973</em>. London: Christie, Manson &amp; Woods, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Charpentier. <em>Collection Chaix d\u2019Est-Ange, partie de cette collection appartenant \u00e0 Monsier le Comte de X\u2026.Tableaux anciens\u2026don\u2019t la vente\u2026aura lieu \u00e0 Paris, Galerie Jean Charpentier\u202611 d\u00e9cembre 1934.  </em>Paris, 1934.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, letter to Philipe-Gerard Chabert, Dec. 15, 1977, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Philipe-Gerard Chabert, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Aug. 8, 1978, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Du Teil, Baron Josef. \"La Collection Chaix d'Est-Ange.\" <em>Les Arts</em> VI, no. 67 (July 1907): 2-35.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Jean-Francois de Troy, Pan and Syrinx.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LXI<em>,</em> no. 10 (October, 1974): 250-259.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 249, p. 250", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1973.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 2 (1974): 31-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74, cat. no. 44; Reproduced: p. 44", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774 : [Exhibition Catalogue] 1975-1976, </em>Toledo, OH: The Toledo Museum of Art, October 26-December 7; Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Chicago, January 10-February 22; Ottawa, Ontario: The National Gallery of Canada, March 21-May 2; Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n196"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 143-144; Reproduced: p. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bordeaux, Jean-Luc. <em>Franc\u0327ois Le Moyne and His Generation, 1688-1737</em>. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: Arthena, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129, fig. 363", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Colin B., and Carrie A. Hamilton. <em>The Loves of the Gods: Mythological Painting from Watteau to David</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sestieri, Giancarlo. <em>Repertorio della pittura romana della fine del Seicento e del Settecento</em>. Torino, Italy: U. Allemandi, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. no. 1108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sakamoto, Mitsuru. <em>Rokoko</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Sho\u0304gakkan, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 53, vol. 18-92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leribault, Christophe. <em>Jean-Franc\u0327ois de Troy, 1679-1752</em>. Paris, France: Arthena, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84, p. 250", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gustin-Gomez, Cle\u0301mentine. <em>L'ave\u0300nement du plaisir dans la peinture franc\u0327aise: de Le Brun a\u0300 Watteau</em>. Que\u0301tigny, France: Faton, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 318", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.212", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_web.jpg", "width": "1173", "height": "893", "filesize": "744124", "filename": "1973.212_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2589", "filesize": "6022435", "filename": "1973.212_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "4568", "filesize": "82256968", "filename": "1973.212_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "730", "filesize": "305753"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2759", "filesize": "2854697"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6493", "height": "5268", "filesize": "102667892"}, "date_created": "2017-09-22T10:45:44.088000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1140", "height": "893", "filesize": "160691"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2664", "filesize": "1999528"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6784", "height": "5316", "filesize": "108215024"}, "date_created": "2013-07-23T15:37:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "167742"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "1138559"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.212/1973.212_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144045440"}, "date_created": "2013-07-23T14:59:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 147479, "creators": [{"id": 1965, "description": "Jean Fran\u00e7ois de Troy (French, 1679\u20131752)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1679", "death_year": "1752", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-12-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:33:44.315000"}, {"id": 136459, "accession_number": "1960.37", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Serpent Headdress, late 1800s\u2013early 1900s. Africa, West Africa, Guinea, possibly Baga-style maker. Wood (Nauclea pobeguinii) and paint; overall: 148 cm (58 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1960.37", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Serpent Headdress", "creation_date": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1875, "creation_date_latest": 1925, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Guinea, possibly Baga-style maker"], "technique": "Wood (Nauclea pobeguinii) and paint", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Mask", "measurements": "Overall: 148 cm (58 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.48, "height_inch": 58, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302281, "title": "Landscape", "description": "<i>Landscape</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 9-April 22, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "<i>The Imagination of Primitive Man</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1960:  \"Year in Review,\" Bulletin XLVII (December 1960), p. 250, no. 13, repr. p. 234.", "opening_date": "1960-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kansas City, MO: The Imagination of Primitive Man, January 3-March 14, 1962, no. 18.", "opening_date": "1962-01-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1975:  Traditions and Revisions, no. 117.", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1987:  Images of the Mind, July 7-August 23, 1987, repr. p. 22,", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jacqueline (and Maurice?) Nicaud by purchase. Possibly village of Kanfrande [Kanfarand\u00e9], District of Boke, French Guinea.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<ul><li><!--block-->Location reported in letter February 24, 1960 between Sherman E. Lee and Emery May Norweb, curatorial files.</li><li><!--block-->However, in a July 17, 1994 letter between Jacqueline Nicaud and Thomas Wheelock, Madame Nicaud says that she cannot remember where she purchased the \"bansonyi,\" even after reviewing her archives. She does note that she was buying them starting from 1954, \"in the presence of the chief and his administrators.\" Curatorial files.</li></ul>"], "date": "ca.1954\u20131960", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mathias Komor, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Letter February 24, 1960 between Sherman E. Lee and Emery May Norweb, curatorial files.</div>"], "date": "by 1960", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Emery May Norweb (aka Mrs. R. Henry Norweb) by purchase", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Letter February 24, 1960 between Sherman E. Lee and Emery May Norweb, curatorial files.</div>"], "date": "1960", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art by gift", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<ul><li><!--block-->Letter February 24, 1960 between Sherman E. Lee and Emery May Norweb, curatorial files.&nbsp;</li><li><!--block-->Press release, August 10, 1960 - https://archive.org/details/cmapr0592/mode/1up&nbsp;</li><li><!--block-->\"Year in Review\" December 1960 (catalogue #13).&nbsp;</li></ul>"], "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the context of boys' initiations, the serpent headdress was sometimes identified as the rainbow, which the Baga and their neighbors associate with beginnings and endings, life and death, and the continuation of lineages.", "description": "Nearly five feet tall, this serpent headdress towered above crowds when danced. Its two faces seemed to look in all directions. Secured by a conical framework of palm branches on a costumed man\u2019s head, it appeared at key points in initiation rites for both boys and girls. This multi-colored snake may be the serpent-spirit Ninkinanka. It can be likened to the rainbow, whose changing colors evoke how boys transform into men during initiation. A staged circa 1954 photograph depicts the serpent headdress now at the CMA. Serpent masquerades stopped in the mid-1950s when most Nalu and Baga people converted to Islam.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.37-serpent-headdress"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Case Western Reserve University. 1975. <em>Traditions and Revisions : Themes from the History of Sculpture</em>. Cleveland, Kent, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art ; Distributed by the Kent State University Press, cat. 117.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Henry John Drewal. 1989. <em>African Art : A Brief Guide to the Collection : The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Museum, fig. 28.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>The Visual Arts of Africa : Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals</em>. 2022 Second ed. New York: Oxford University Press, fig. 3.6, p. 83-84.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, C. Griffith Mann, and Cleveland Museum of Art. 2012. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, p. 286-7.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d August 10, 1960, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0592"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d October 25, 1960, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0627"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William. \"Two African Tribal Sculptures.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>48, no. 3 (March 1961): 39-45.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38, fig 1-3; Mentioned: p. 40", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142440"}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. <em>The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World</em>. Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11, 17, cat. no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n326"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n326"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>African Arts</em> 10, no. 3 (1977): 16\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23, fig. 11; mentioned: p. 24", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3335296"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 410", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n430"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: [p. 22]", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter. <em>African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989</em>. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143, fig. 247", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 12, p. 54 - 55", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \u201cSpirit-Bringer-of-Riches: News on Cleveland's serpent headdress.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 5 (September/October 2016): 14-15.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14; Mentioned: p. 14, 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-05"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Not Just a Snake: New Light on the Serpent Headdress at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\"<em> Tribal Art 21</em>, no. 1 (Winter 2016): 122-127.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122, fig. 1a & b; p. 127, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curtis, Marie Yvonne. <em>Baga</em>. Milan, Italy : 5 Continents Editions, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77, pl. 12; mentioned: pp. 39, 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Fred T., Judith Perani, Joseph L. Underwood, and Martha J. Ehrlich. The Visual Arts of Africa : Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 90, no. 4.4", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.37", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.37/1960.37_web.jpg", "width": "561", "height": "900", "filesize": "134382", "filename": "1960.37_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.37/1960.37_print.jpg", "width": "2121", "height": "3400", "filesize": "567601", "filename": "1960.37_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.37/1960.37_full.tif", "width": "8195", "height": "13137", "filesize": "323002900", "filename": "1960.37_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.37/1960.37_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "561", "height": "900", "filesize": "131145"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.37/1960.37_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2121", "height": 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"is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Snake Headdress (Basonyi)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:26.667000"}, {"id": 155510, "accession_number": "1990.23", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Headdress, early 1900s. Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Ejagham-style maker. Wood, rawhide, cane, paint, bone, natural fiber, and metal; overall: 67.3 x 43.2 x 43.2 cm (26 1/2 x 17 x 17 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1990.23", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Headdress", "creation_date": "early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1925, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Ejagham-style maker"], "technique": "Wood, rawhide, cane, paint, bone, natural fiber, and metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Mask", "measurements": "Overall: 67.3 x 43.2 x 43.2 cm (26 1/2 x 17 x 17 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.673, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.432, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.432, "depth_inch": 17, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Pace Gallery, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Fax dated April 5, 1990 - CMA Curatorial Files</div>"], "date": "possibly 1970s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Private Collection, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Note, likely April 1990, CMA curatorial file</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Private Collection, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Note, likely April 1990, CMA curatorial file</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Entwistle and Co., Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131990", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1990\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely along the sides of the nostrils, upper eyelids, and around the mouth. The impressions of twisted yarn shows how the hide was carefully held in place while it dried to precisely fit the sculpted wooden core.", "description": "Headdresses or crest masks made of antelope skin stretched over a carved head are a distinctive art form of the Cross River region in southeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon. Worldwide, this practice is unique. This female evocation of ideal feminine beauty was most probably worn by an Ejagham woman in the context of a female society called Ekpa, which was responsible for girls' education in preparation for marriage. The headdress represents a girl who evokes ideal female beauty and is ready for marriage. The depicted hairstyle was worn during the coming-out ceremony following the girls\u2019 seclusion.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.23-headdress"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Drewal, Henry John. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 113", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Young-S\u00e1nchez, Margaret. \"The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>African Arts</em> 30, no. 1 (1997).", "page_number": "pp. 66-71", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: Selected Works of African Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 29, p. 88 - 89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A New Installation for African Art in Cleveland.\" <em>Tribal </em>3, no. 36 (Autumn/Winter 2004).", "page_number": "pp. 68-73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 32-33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Smith, Fred T., Judith Perani, Joseph L. Underwood, and Martha J. Ehrlich. The Visual Arts of Africa : Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals. Second edition. 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China, probably Shaanxi province, Xi'an, Tang dynasty (618-907). Glazed earthenware, sancai (three-color) ware; overall: 88.9 x 41 x 50.8 cm (35 x 16 1/8 x 20 in.). 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Known as \"earth spirits\" or <em>qitou</em>, this one sports a human face with huge protruding ears and a short horn surrounded by fiery, twisting hair; the other has an animal face and a pair of antlers growing above its eyebrows. Their many elongated spikes heighten the fearful intensity.<br><br>Before tomb sculptures were placed in the tomb, they were carried through the streets in a funerary procession. Funerary gifts provided the deceased with means for the afterlife. They were also an expression of filial piety and demonstrated the wealth and power of the descendants.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755158"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2000.118.2-tomb-guardian-with-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cTomb Guardian Pair from Tang Dynasty Acquired by CMA,\u201d December 12, 2000, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4361"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 79, pp. 74\u201375; Mentioned: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Selection of 2001 Museum Acquisitions.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine of Art &amp; Antiques</em> 154 (December 2001): 24\u201357.", "page_number": "p. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 74\u201375", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E. and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art; New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \"Good or Evil? Demons, ghosts, and goblins in Chinese art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>64, no. 3 (2024): 10\u201311.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2000.118.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118.2/2000.118.2_web.jpg", "width": "622", "height": "893", "filesize": "83580", "filename": "2000.118.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118.2/2000.118.2_print.jpg", "width": "2370", "height": "3400", "filesize": "912571", "filename": "2000.118.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118.2/2000.118.2_full.tif", "width": "5270", "height": "7558", "filesize": "119513972", "filename": "2000.118.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.118.2/2000.118.2_alt0_web.jpg", 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"height": "1916", "filesize": "8832180"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of various donors to the department of Asian Art (by exchange)", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 161428, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2000-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2000.118", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:23:53.526000"}, {"id": 115783, "accession_number": "1936.496", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Death of the Virgin, c. 1400. Master of Heiligenkreuz (Austrian). Tempera and oil with gold on panel; image: 66 x 53.3 cm (26 x 21 in.); framed: 74 x 61.5 x 4.5 cm (29 1/8 x 24 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 71 x 54 cm (27 15/16 x 21 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art in memory of John Long Severance, 1936.496", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "Death of the Virgin", "creation_date": "c. 1400", "creation_date_earliest": 1395, "creation_date_latest": 1405, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria, possibly Bohemia, early 15th Century"], "technique": "tempera and oil with gold on panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 66 x 53.3 cm (26 x 21 in.); Framed: 74 x 61.5 x 4.5 cm (29 1/8 x 24 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 71 x 54 cm (27 15/16 x 21 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.66, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.533, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "framed": {"height": 0.74, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.615, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.71, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.54, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 304926, "title": "Master of Heiligenkreuz", "description": "<i>Master of Heiligenkreuz</i>. Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Wien, Austria (organizer) (March 26-June 30, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany (1926).", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Walter Schnackenberg, Munich, Germany)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Julius Boehler, Munich, Germany)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Jacob Hirsch, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1936", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist was named for a painting that was once in the Cistercian monastery of Heiligenkreuz in Austria.", "description": "Christ\u2019s apostles visit the Virgin upon her deathbed. Saint Peter, wearing white robes and the papal tiara, performs funerary rites, reciting prayers and sprinkling holy water on the Virgin\u2019s body. Above, angels engraved upon the golden background celebrate the assumption of the Virgin heavenward. Once joined to another panel titled The Death of Saint Clare (National Gallery, Washington, D.C.), this double representation of saintly deaths may have been used in funerary services in the convent of Clarissan nuns for which it was made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513976"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1936.496-death-of-the-virgin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Buchner, Ernst. \"Eine Gruppe deutscher Tafelbilder vom Anfang des 15. Jahrhunderts,\" <em>Beitrage zur Geschichte der deutschen Kunst </em>I (1924).", "page_number": "I, 2, 4, 12, fig. I", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Suida, William. <em>Osterreichische Malerei in der Zeit Erzherzogs Ernst des Eisernen und Konig Albrechts II </em>(Vienna, 1926).", "page_number": "p. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baldass, Ludwig. \"Review of <em>Beitrage zur Gschichte der druschen Kunst, Belvedere</em>, X (1926).", "page_number": "p. 133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baldass, \"Die Wiener Tafelmalerei von 1410-1460,\" <em>Cicerone </em>XXI Pt. I (1929).", "page_number": "66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans, \"Acqusitions nouvelles de la Galerie de Vienne,\" <em>L'Amour de l'art </em>x (1929).", "page_number": "293", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [New York]: [The Art news], 1936.", "page_number": "cat. no. 198", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Oettinger, Karl, \"Zu Malerei um 1400 in Osterreich,\" <em>Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien, </em>n.s.x (1936).", "page_number": "78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cA Panel by the Master of Heiligenkreuz, a Memorial to John Long Severance.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 24, no. 10 (1937).", "page_number": "pp. 153-156", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137882"}, {"citation": "Ring, Grete, \"Primitifs Francais,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux Arts, </em>I (1938).", "page_number": "158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sterling, Charles.<em> La peinture franc\u0327aise: les primitifs.</em> Paris: Librairie Floury, 1938.", "page_number": "p. 151, n. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sterling, Charles.<em> La peinture franc\u0327aise: les peintres du moyen a\u0302ge</em>. Paris: E\u0301ditions Pierre Tisne\u0301, 1941.", "page_number": "Repertoire B, no. 9, p. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Larsen-Roman, Eric and Lucy, \"Les Origines Provencales du Maitre de Heiligenkreuz,\" <em>Apollo Chronique des Beaux Arts</em> (Brussels, 1943).", "page_number": "no. 18, p. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ring, \"An Austrian Triptych,\" <em>Art Bulletin </em>XXVI (1944).", "page_number": "51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n48"}, {"citation": "Ring, Grete. <em>A Century of French Painting, 1400-1500</em>. London: Phaidon Press, 1949.", "page_number": "p. 199", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Thieme, Ulrich, Felix Becker, Fred. C. Willis, and Hans Vollmer. <em>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Ku\u0308nstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart</em>. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1950.", "page_number": "144", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Early German Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>American-German Review</em> XXI/2 (1954-1955).", "page_number": "p. 6, no. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 452", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n83"}, {"citation": "Stange, Alfred. <em>Deutsche Malerei der Gotik</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Musper, H. Theodor.<em> Gotische Malerei no\u0308rdlich der Alpen. </em>Ko\u0308ln: M. DuMont Schauberg, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 119", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cGothic Art 1360-1440.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963).", "page_number": "cat. no. 3, repr. p. 206", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "Thieme, Ulrich, and Felix Becker. <em>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Ku\u0308nster von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart: unter mitwirkung von 300 Fachgelehrten des in- und Auslaudes.</em> Leipzig: Veb E.A. Seemann Verlag, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 144", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n90"}, {"citation": "Shapley, Fern Rusk. <em>Paintings from the Samuel H. Kress Collection: Italian Schools</em>. London: published by the Phaidon P. for the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, 1966.", "page_number": "fig. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 1967.", "page_number": "p. 105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n90"}, {"citation": "Musper, H. Theodor. <em>Altdeutsche Malerei.</em> [Ko\u0308ln]: M. DuMont Schauberg, 1970.", "page_number": "p. 27, 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings Before 1500</em>. Cleveland: The Museum, 1974. .", "page_number": "cat. no. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n95"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 24, pp. 27-8, 116", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 17, fig. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ilardi, Vincent.<em> Renaissance Vision from Spectacles to Telescopes.</em> 2007.", "page_number": "p. 271, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. 87, p. 236", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nash, Susie, Till Borchert, Emma Capron, and Jim Harris.<em> Late Medieval Panel Paintings: Materials, Methods, Meanings.</em> London: Sam Fogg, 2011.", "page_number": "p 191, fig 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Oberhaidacher, Jo\u0308rg. <em>Die Wiener Tafelmalerei der Gotik um 1400: Werkgruppen - Maler - Stile</em>. Wien: Bo\u0308hlau, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 343, nr 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina. \"Inciting Despair.\" In <em>Emotions, Communities, and Difference in Medieval Europe: Essays in Honor of Barbara H. Rosenwein, </em>Maureen C. Miller, and Edward Wheatley, 121-138. London; New York: Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 8.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 184-187; Reproduced: p. 185", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1936.496", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.496/1936.496_web.jpg", "width": "721", "height": "893", "filesize": "540631", "filename": "1936.496_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.496/1936.496_print.jpg", "width": "2747", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6404913", "filename": "1936.496_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.496/1936.496_full.tif", "width": "3666", "height": "4538", "filesize": "49942780", "filename": "1936.496_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art in memory of John Long Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115783, "creators": [{"id": 2490, "description": "Master of Heiligenkreuz (Austrian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1936-11-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1395, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1400", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:03:10.022000"}, {"id": 130133, "accession_number": "1952.513", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head of Amenhotep III Wearing the Blue Crown, c. 1391\u20131353 BCE. Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE). Granodiorite; overall: 39.1 x 30.3 x 27.7 cm (15 3/8 x 11 15/16 x 10 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1952.513", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Head of Amenhotep III Wearing the Blue Crown", "creation_date": "c. 1391\u20131353 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1391, "creation_date_latest": -1353, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE)"], "technique": "granodiorite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 39.1 x 30.3 x 27.7 cm (15 3/8 x 11 15/16 x 10 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.391, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.303, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.277, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311471, "title": "Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World", "description": "<i>Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 1-September 27, 1992); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (October 24, 1992-January 31, 1993); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (March 2-May 31, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 229786, "title": "Exposition Akh\u00e9naton", "description": "<i>Exposition Akh\u00e9naton</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'art et d'histoire, Gen\u00e9ve 3, Switzerland (organizer) (October 16, 2008-February 1, 2009); Fondazione Palazzo Bricherasio, Turin, Italy (February 26-June 14, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Pharaohs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the Louvre</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh (11 Feb. 1996 - 14 April 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Expostion Akhenaton. </em>Mus\u00e9e d'art et d'histoire de la Ville de la Gen\u00e8ve, Switzerland (10/16/2008 - 2/1/2009); Palazzo Bricherasio, Turin, Italy (2/26/2009 - 6/14/2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Milton Girod, Chahaignes, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1952", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Blue Crown or <em>Khepresh </em>was worn by New Kingdom Pharaohs into battle as well as in ceremonies.", "description": "During the long, peaceful reign of Amenhotep III, Egypt reached a pinnacle of wealth and splendor. This magnificent portrait captures the ruler's exotic features to perfection. He has large, almond-shaped eyes, elegant arched eyebrows, and a full mouth. His face is youthful and without blemish. The bone structure is lost in the fleshy fullness of the face. The contrast between polished and roughened surfaces is a hallmark of hard stone images of Amenhotep III. The flesh areas were smoothed to a glistening sheen, while the eyeballs and the crown were left rougher. The roughening of the crown also had a practical purpose, for the upper portion was originally painted blue and the browband was painted yellow. The paint would have adhered better to the unpolished surface.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751152"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.513-head-of-amenhotep-ii"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Vandier, Jacques. <em>Manuel d'arche\u0301ologie e\u0301gyptienne</em>. Paris: A. et J. Picard, 1952.", "page_number": "p. 318, 327; pl. CV, 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"A Royal Portrait of Amenhotep III.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 40, no. 8 (1953)", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 178-182; reproduced: p. 185, cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141902"}, {"citation": "\"Art and Archaeology at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Archaeology</em> 6, no. 4 (1953) pp. 195-202.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 195", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41663172"}, {"citation": "<em>Sale Art </em>10 (January-February 1954)", "page_number": "p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cYear\u2019s Best: 1953.\u201d <em>ARTnews</em> 52 (February 1954): p. 48.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. no. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n15"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: The Museum, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: cat. 217", "url": "https://archive.org/details/LeonardCHanna/page/n125"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Martha L. Carter. <em>Egyptian Art, the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 7, pl. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/EgyptianArt_80670/page/n4"}, {"citation": "Sherman E. Lee. \"The Art Museum and Antiquity\" <em>Apollo </em>77, no. 22 (December 1963)", "page_number": "p. 435, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 1967.", "page_number": "pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christensen, Erwin O. <em>A Guide to Art Museums in the United States</em>. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1968.", "page_number": "p. 168, fig. 353", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"Amarna Art in the Cleveland Museum.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 1 (1968)", "page_number": "p. 4, fig. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152189"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n23"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n34"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"An Introduction to the Art of Egypt\" <em>Arts and Activities </em>83, no. 2 (March 1978)", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 38, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Silver, Adele Z. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Guide to the Galleries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "p. 9, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Arielle P. Kozloff. <em>An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 1983.", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mu\u0308ller, Maya. <em>Die Kunst Amenophis' III. und Echnatons</em>. Basel: Verlag fu\u0308r A\u0308gyptologie, 1988.", "page_number": "p. IV-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vandersleyen, Claude. \"Les Deux Jeunesses d'Amenhotep III\" <em>Bulletin de la Socie\u0301te\u0301 franc\u0327aise d'e\u0301gyptologie (BSFE)</em> 111 (1988)", "page_number": "p. 23, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence Michael. <em>The Art of Amenhotep III: Art Historical Analysis : Papers Presented at the International Symposium Held at the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio, 20-21 November 1987</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "pl. 22, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., Betsy Morrell Bryan, Lawrence Michael Berman, and Elisabeth Delange.<em> Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 11, Cover and pl. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>KMT: A Modern Journal of Ancient Egypt</em>. 3, no. 2 (Summer 1992)", "page_number": "p. 1, 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. and Betsy M. Bryan. \"Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World\" <em>Minerva </em>3, no. 4 (July/August 1992)", "page_number": "p. 21, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schaire, Jeffrey, \"Amenhotep,\"<em> Arts and Antiques</em> 9, no. 7 (September 1992)", "page_number": "p. 46, cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delange, E. \"Egypt's Dazzling Sun, Amenhotep III and His World Cleveland\" <em>Bulletin de la Socie\u0301te\u0301 franc\u0327aise d'e\u0301gyptologie (BSFE)</em> 125 (October 1992).", "page_number": "p. 34, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "David, Elizabeth. \"D'un R\u00e9gne l'Autre,\" <em>Connaissance des Arts</em>, special issue 36 (1993)", "page_number": "p. 8, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delange, Elizabeth, \"Am\u00e9nophis III Red\u00e9cou-Vert,\" <em>Connaissance des Arts</em> 493 (March 1993)", "page_number": "p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Exhibition of the Year,\" <em>Apollo</em> 139, no. 382 (December 1993)", "page_number": "p. 348", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence Michael, and Bernadette Letellier. <em>Pharaohs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the Louvre.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Oxford University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 222-224; Reproduced: p. 222-223, Color: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hornung, Erik. <em>History of Ancient Egypt: An Introduction</em>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 95, cat. no. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slattery, Tom. <em>The Tragic End of the Bronze Age: A Virus Makes History</em>. San Jose: Writers Club Press, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 125, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hornung, Erik, and Betsy Morrell Bryan. <em>The Quest for Immortality: Treasures of Ancient Egypt</em>. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 63, Fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bothmer, Bernard V., Madeleine E. Cody, Paul Edmund Stanwick, and Marsha Hill. <em>Egyptian Art: Selected Writings of Bernard V. Bothmer</em>. 2004.", "page_number": "p. 450, Fig. 29.14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vandenbeusch, Marie, Aude Semat, and Margaret Maitland. <em>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art ; London : The British Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 58, 153; reproduced p. 59, fig. 14", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.513", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "893", "filesize": "377395", "filename": "1952.513_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_print.jpg", "width": "3008", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6153345", "filename": "1952.513_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_full.tif", "width": "3509", "height": "3966", "filesize": "41781768", "filename": "1952.513_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "797", "height": "893", "filesize": "392990"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3033", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6398232"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3524", "height": "3951", "filesize": "41801504"}, "date_created": "2007-07-05T14:24:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "827", "height": "893", "filesize": "399229"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3149", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6622859"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3659", "height": "3951", "filesize": "43401760"}, "date_created": "2007-07-05T14:40:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "783", "height": "893", "filesize": "385731"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2983", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6374714"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.513/1952.513_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3476", "height": "3962", "filesize": "41347492"}, "date_created": "2007-07-05T14:59:15", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "ff3dd192a81944a0a93a54beb8a7a27f", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/ff3dd192a81944a0a93a54beb8a7a27f", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130133, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1391, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1391\u20131353 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Coronation Portrait of Amenhotep III"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:51.768000"}, {"id": 141168, "accession_number": "1964.420", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Panoramic View of the Alps, Les Dents du Midi, 1877. Gustave Courbet (French, 1819\u20131877). Oil on fabric; framed: 172 x 230 x 8.5 cm (67 11/16 x 90 9/16 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 151.2 x 210.2 cm (59 1/2 x 82 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund and various donors by exchange, 1964.420", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "Panoramic View of the Alps, Les Dents du Midi", "creation_date": "1877", "creation_date_earliest": 1877, "creation_date_latest": 1877, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 172 x 230 x 8.5 cm (67 11/16 x 90 9/16 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 151.2 x 210.2 cm (59 1/2 x 82 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.72, "height_inch": 67, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 2.3, "width_inch": 90, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.085, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.512, "height_inch": 59, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 2.102, "width_inch": 82, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444095, "title": "Gustave Courbet", "description": "<i>Gustave Courbet</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (October 1, 1977-January 2, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 220961, "title": "Courbet, Artist and Entrepeneur", "description": "<i>Courbet, Artist and Entrepeneur</i>. Mus\u00e9e Cantonal des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne, Switzerland (November 21, 1998-February 21, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217061, "title": "Courbet and the Modern Landscape", "description": "<i>Courbet and the Modern Landscape</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (February 21-May 14, 2006); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (June 18-September 10, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 226437, "title": "Gustave Courbet. Les an\u00e9es suisses", "description": "<i>Gustave Courbet. Les an\u00e9es suisses</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'art et d'histoire, Gen\u00e9ve 3, Switzerland (September 5, 2014-January 4, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-09-05T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Gustave Courbet.</em> Grand Palais, Paris, France; Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom: (1819-1877).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Juliette Courbet [1831-1915], sister of the artist, by descent to Mmes de Tastes and Lapierre", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1915", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mmes de Tastes and Lapierre", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1915-1919", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, France, July 9, 1919 (lot 12), La Dent du Midi, sold to Galerie Barbazanges)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Galerie Barbazanges, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Hennet Collection, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Private collection, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Hirschl & Adler, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1964", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This late, unfinished painting reveals some of Courbet's techniques. At the top of the mountains you can see how different brushstrokes and thickly applied paint were used to differentiate the texture of the clouds from the snow.", "description": "Courbet was still working on this large landscape, intended for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1879, when he died in December 1877. He painted it during his exile in Switzerland, where he had fled after being condemned for subversive activities in the Paris Commune of 1871. The view looks south over Lake Geneva toward the mountains called Les Dents du Midi. While some areas are heavily worked with a palette knife, the lower right remains unfinished.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469411"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.420-panoramic-view-of-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Riat, Georges, and Paul Vitry. <em>Gustave Courbet, peintre</em>. Paris, France: H. Floury, 1906.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 356", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le\u0301ger, Charles. <em>Courbet et son temps; lettres et documents ine\u0301dits</em>. Paris, France: E\u0301ditions universelles, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review for 1964.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LI</em>, no. 12 (December, 1964): 236-267.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 248, no.73; Mentioned: p. 263", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Reports of the Departments: Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LII</em> no. 6 (June, 1965): 143-145.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cGrand Panorama Des Alpes, Ou La Dent Du Midi.\u201d <em>Gazette Des Beaux Arts </em>65 <em>(</em>February 1965): sup.57.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Gustave Corbet, Grand Panorama of the Alps with the Dent du Midi.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LIII</em> no. 3 (March, 1966):74-80.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74; Mentioned: p. 74-80", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152094"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194"}, {"citation": "<em>Hommage a\u0300 Courbet: catalogue de l'exposition organise\u0301e a\u0300 l'occasion du centenaire de la mort du mai\u0302tre-peintre : Muse\u0301e-maison natale Gustave Courbet, Ornans, 2 juillet-16 octobre 1977</em>. Paris, France: Les Amis de Gustave Courbet, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 981", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n231"}, {"citation": "Hofman, Werner and Klaus Herding. <em>Courbet und Deutschland: [Hamburger Kunsthalle, 19. Oktober-17. Dezember 1978, Sta\u0308dt. Galerie im Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinst. Frankfurt am Main, 17. Januar-18. Ma\u0308rz 1979</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Du Mont, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65, fig. a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fernier, Robert. <em>La Vie et l'\u0153uvre de Gustave Courbet: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301.</em> Lausanne: Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 200-201, no. 955", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Llera Rodriguez, Ramon. \u201cCourbet, Entre El Romanticismo y El Realismo.\u201d <em>Goya</em>, no. 156 (May 1980): 351\u201357.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 357", "url": null}, {"citation": "Courthion, Pierre. <em>L'opera completa di Courbet</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 971", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herding, Klaus. \"Zu Courbets Spatwerk.\" <em>Pantheon </em>44 (1986): 75-86.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herding, Klaus. \"Courbet Reconsidered. Brooklyn and Minneapolis.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 131, no. 1032 (March 1989): 244-46.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 245, fig. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herding, Klaus. <em>Courbet: To Venture Independence</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151, fig. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Faunce, Sarah. <em>Gustave Courbet</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46; Mentioned: p. 45-46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Georgel, Pierre. <em>Courbet: le poe\u0300me de la nature</em>. Paris, France: Gallimard, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126-127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metken Gu\u0308nter. \u201c\u2018Aus Hohen Bergen ...\" : Alpine Malerei Zwischen Niklaus Manuel Deutsch Und Jean Le Gac.\u201d <em>Weltkunst</em> 65 (June 1995): 1460-1463.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 1461", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry. <em>Courbet</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 300; Reproduced: p. 339, fig. 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "Faunce, Sarah. <em>Gustave Courbet (1819-1877): Jura Landscape, or, Jura Landscape with Shepherdess and Donkey</em>. New York, NY: Salander-O'Reilly Galleries, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fernier, Jean-Jacques and Clement Greenberg. <em>Gustave Courbet (1819-1877): Later Paintings</em>. New York, NY, NY: Salander O'Reilly Galleries, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chu, Petra ten-Doesschate and Jo\u0308rg Zutter. <em>Courbet: artiste et promoteur de son \u0153uvre</em>. Paris, France: Flammarion, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 515, no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH; The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 164-165, no. 62, Vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrison, Colin. 1999. \u201cCourbet for Collectors.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 149, no. 447 (May 1999): 52\u201353.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coen, Vittoria. <em>Everest: l'orizzonte curvo della fantasia</em>. Rovereto (TN): Nicolodi, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96-99; Reproduced: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eisenman, Stephen, and Thomas E. Crow. <em>Nineteenth Century Art: A Critical History</em>. New York, NY.: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239, fig. 10.22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bajou-Charpentreau, Vale\u0301rie, and Gustave Courbet. <em>Courbet</em>. Paris, France: A. Biro, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p, 395, 397", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morton, Mary G., Charlotte Nalle Eyerman, and Dominique de Font-Re\u0301aulx. <em>Courbet and the Modern Landscape</em>. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239, pl. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eisenman, Stephen, and Thomas E. Crow. <em>Nineteenth Century Art: A Critical History.</em> London, United Kingdom: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 263, fig. 11.25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Le Men, Se\u0301gole\u0300ne. <em>Courbet</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 252, pl. 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "Radrizzani, Dominique, Huguette Radrizzani, Rene\u0301 Radrizzani, and Franc\u0327oise Lambert. <em>Lemancolia: traite\u0301 artistique du Le\u0301man</em>. Lausanne, Switzerland: Noir sur Blanc E\u0301ditions, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142, fig. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Madeline, Laurence. <em>Gustave Courbet: Les Anne\u0301es Suisses</em>. [Paris]: Art Lys, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 246-247, no. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 291", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Gustave Courbet, Les Annees Suisses.\" L'\u0152il 671 (September 2014).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84; Reproduced: fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry, and Patrick Matthiesen. <em>Gustave Courbet: Mother and Child on a Hammock &amp; 'Courbet in Love and Productive Disappointment'</em>. London: Matthiesen Ltd, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 50-51, fig. 55", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chambaz, Bernard. <em>Le dernier tableau: de Simone Martini a\u0300 Zao Wou-Ki. </em>Paris: \u00c9ditions du Seuil, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chambaz, Bernard, and David Watson. <em>The Last Painting: Final Works of the Great Masters from Giotto to Twombly.</em> Woodbridge, Suffolk: ACC Art Books Ltd, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 20-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richart, Brigitte, and Alexandra Jalaber. <em>Gustave Courbet: Paysages de Mer. </em>Rouen: E\u0301ditions des Falaises, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 54-55", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Trumpener, Katie, and T. J. Barringer. <em>On the Viewing Platform: The Panorama between Canvas and Screen.</em> New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 24, fig. 0.18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lecomte, Georges.\"Le centenaire de Gustave Corbet.\" <em>La Renaissance</em> 2 (1919): 330.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 330", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sgarbi, Vittorio. <em>Il Cielo Pi\u00f9 Vicino: La Montagna Nell\u2019Arte.</em> Milano: La Nave di Teseo, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 196-197", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.420", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.420/1964.420_web.jpg", "width": "1244", "height": "893", "filesize": "192793", "filename": "1964.420_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.420/1964.420_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2428", "filesize": "5993739", "filename": "1964.420_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.420/1964.420_full.tif", "width": "5905", "height": "4216", "filesize": "74720120", "filename": "1964.420_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund and various donors by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 141168, "creators": [{"id": 1600, "description": "Gustave Courbet (French, 1819\u20131877)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born into a wealthy farmer's family, Courbet began his training in 1831 at the Petit S\u00e9minaire in Ornans where, beginning in 1833, he studied under \"le p\u00e8re Baud,\" who had been a pupil of Gros (q.v.). He was befriended by poet Max Buchon, who would later write the first article on Courbet, claiming that he was the artist for the people. In 1837, hoping that Gustave would become a lawyer, his father sent him to the Coll\u00e8ge Royal in Besan\u00e7on. Despite his father's ambitions, Courbet began to study art at the academy there with Charles-Antoine Flageoulot (1774-1840), a former student of David (q.v.). By 1839 Courbet had moved to Paris to pursue a career in art. He refrained from entering the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, studying instead briefly with Charles de Steuben (1788-1856) and preferring to learn how to paint by copying the works of the Old Masters in the museums. Courbet also wanted to work after life models and enrolled at the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse. He began to submit paintings to the Salon, the majority of which were rejected. In 1846-47 Courbet traveled to the Netherlands where he studied the works of Rembrandt and Hals. The following year ten of his paintings were shown at the Salon, and together with his friends Baudelaire, Champfleury, and Buchon he became labeled a \"realist.\" Courbet's paintings shown at the 1851 Salon-Stonebreakers (1849, formerly Dresden Gem\u00e4ldegalerie, destroyed during World War II), Peasants of Flagey (1850-55, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Besan\u00e7on), and The Burial at Ornans (1849-50, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris)-elicited criticism. Because Courbet represented the peasants as he saw them, without ennobling or idealizing them, his works met with disapproval. Moreover, these representations of peasants appeared at a time when the upper classes felt threatened by social unrest and by the instability of the republic. In 1855 Courbet financed an independent Pavillon du R\u00e9alisme near the Universal Exposition, where he showed his Painter's Studio (1854-55, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). He began to travel extensively, including visits to Gent, Brussels, Antwerp, Bruges, Cologne, Mainz, and Strasbourg. He returned to Germany in 1858, and while in Frankfurt, he began to paint the stag hunts he witnessed. The following year he visited the Normandy coast, painting seascapes, some of which became almost abstractions. Courbet turned to still lifes in 1862-63 when visiting the Saintonge area, yet he still continued to create landscapes and portraits. By 1870 he was offered the Legion of Honor but refused it because of his opposition to the imperial government. During the Paris Commune from March to May 1871, Courbet became an active member of the government. As chairman of the Commission for the Protection of the Artistic Monuments of Paris, he suggested the Vend\u00f4me Column be dismantled because it was an imperial symbol. The Commune decided instead to topple the column. When the Commune was defeated, Courbet was held responsible for this act of vandalism and was jailed for six months. In 1873 the government decided to rebuild the column at Courbet's expense. Unable to pay and fearful of being arrested, Courbet moved to Switzerland, where he spent the rest of his life in exile.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1819", "death_year": "1877", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1877, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1877", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Grand Panorama of the Alps with the Dents du Midi"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:15:14.117000"}, {"id": 122347, "accession_number": "1942.643", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman as Diana, 1752. Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685\u20131766). Oil on canvas; framed: 127.5 x 107.5 x 10 cm (50 3/16 x 42 5/16 x 3 15/16 in.); unframed: 100.4 x 79.5 cm (39 1/2 x 31 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.643", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman as Diana", "creation_date": "1752", "creation_date_earliest": 1752, "creation_date_latest": 1752, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 127.5 x 107.5 x 10 cm (50 3/16 x 42 5/16 x 3 15/16 in.); Unframed: 100.4 x 79.5 cm (39 1/2 x 31 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.275, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.075, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.1, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.004, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.795, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  Nattier P.x. / 1752", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 517563, "title": "France in the 18th Century", "description": "<i>France in the 18th Century</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 5-March 3, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219132, "title": "Jean Marc Nattier (1685-1766)", "description": "<i>Jean Marc Nattier (1685-1766)</i>. Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles et de Trianon, France (October 25, 1999-January 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "C.M.A, 1934: \"Art of the XVII and XVIIIth centuries\".", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "C.M.A., 1936: \"20th Anniversary Exhibition,\" cat. no. 62.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "C.M.A, 1942: \"Exhibition of the John L Severance Collection\", cat. no. 11, pl. VIII.", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein &amp;Co., Nov. 7-Dec. 15, 1951: \"Jubillee Exhibition\", (Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Firm's Establishment in N.Y.City.).", "opening_date": "1951-11-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Oct. 1-Nov 10, 1963: \"Style, Truth, and the Portrait\", cat. no. 54, repr..", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Royal Academy of Arts, London, January 5 to March 3, 1968, \"France in the 18th Century.\" cat. no. 498.", "opening_date": "1968-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Versailles, France: Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles et de Trianon (10/25/99 - 1/30/00) \"Jean Marc Nattier (1685-1766)\" exh. cat. no. 69, pp 244-246.", "opening_date": "1999-10-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Comte de Pimodan (probably Georges Pimodan [1822-1860]), Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1860", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Madame Dhainaut", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "Possibly until 19130", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, sold to John L. Severance)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1930", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland, OH, upon his death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930-1936", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Estate of John L. Severance, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1936-1942", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio\n \nBequest of John L. Severance", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sitter was once thought to be King Louis XV\u2019s daughter Henriette or his mistress Madame de Pompadour. Today, her identity is unknown.", "description": "For many years, this sitter was identified as Madame de Pompadour, but she bears little resemblance to this pivotal figure in French art and politics of the mid 1700s. Nattier specialized in portraits of women in mythological guises\u2014in this case, the bow, quiver, and leopard skin, all attributes of Diana, goddess of the hunt.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514834"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.643-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. <em>Jean Marc Nattier: 1685-1766</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Joseph Baillio, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 18. 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Renard, Philippe, and Jean-Marc Nattier. <em>Jean-Marc Nattier (1685-1766): un artiste parisien a\u0300 la cour de Louis XV</em>. Saint-Re\u0301my-en-l'Eau: Monelle Hayot, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Salmon, Xavier. <em>Jean Marc Nattier: 1685-1766</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Joseph Baillio, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 18. 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. <em>Jean Marc Nattier: 1685-1766</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Joseph Baillio, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 18, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. <em>Jean Marc Nattier: 1685-1766</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [20], Plate VIII, cat. no. 11; Mention: p. 22, cat. no. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Department of Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>29, no. 9 (November 1942): 132-136", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130; Mentioned: p. 135", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n38"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cTwo Portraits by Aved and Gros.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 8 (October 1964): 196\u2013205.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 198, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152012"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n199"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 102; Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018A Fairytale Circumstance\u2019 the Influence of Stage Design on the Work of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 9 (November 1983): 360\u201378.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 361-362, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159834"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G. The Enlightenment against the Baroque: Economics and Aesthetics in the Eighteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Book Jacket", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.643", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.643/1942.643_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "384643", "filename": "1942.643_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.643/1942.643_print.jpg", "width": "2737", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5372672", "filename": "1942.643_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.643/1942.643_full.tif", "width": "3900", "height": "4845", "filesize": "56718672", "filename": "1942.643_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122347, "creators": [{"id": 1935, "description": "Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685\u20131766)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1685", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1752, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1752", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madame de Pompadour as Diana"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:17:59.151000"}, {"id": 144558, "accession_number": "1969.22", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Fan, Salt Box, Melon, 1909. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil on canvas; framed: 100.3 x 83.5 x 7.3 cm (39 1/2 x 32 7/8 x 2 7/8 in.); unframed: 81.3 x 64.2 cm (32 x 25 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1969.22. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Fan, Salt Box, Melon", "creation_date": "1909", "creation_date_earliest": 1909, "creation_date_latest": 1909, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 100.3 x 83.5 x 7.3 cm (39 1/2 x 32 7/8 x 2 7/8 in.); Unframed: 81.3 x 64.2 cm (32 x 25 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.003, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.835, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.073, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.813, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.642, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442780, "title": "Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (May 22-September 16, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442181, "title": "The Essential Cubism", "description": "<i>The Essential Cubism</i>. Tate, London SW1P 4RG (organizer) (April 27-July 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441650, "title": "Picasso und Braque: Die Geburt des Kubismus (Picasso & Braque: Pioneering Cubism)", "description": "<i>Picasso und Braque: Die Geburt des Kubismus (Picasso & Braque: Pioneering Cubism)</i>. Kunstmuseum Basel, Basel, Switzerland (organizer) (February 25-June 18, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-02-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 444299, "title": "Path to Abstraction: Picasso, Braque, and Cubism\u2019s Impact on Modern Art - Reciprocal Loan", "description": "<i>Path to Abstraction: Picasso, Braque, and Cubism\u2019s Impact on Modern Art - Reciprocal Loan</i>. Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, Little Rock, AR (organizer) (December 12, 2023-April 14, 2024) https://arkmfa.org/art/exhibitions/path-to-abstraction-picasso-braque-and-cubisms-impact-on-modern-art/.", "opening_date": "2023-12-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 317581, "title": "Picasso and Paper", "description": "<i>Picasso and Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (December 8, 2024-March 23, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-12-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "G. F. Reber [1880 \u2013 1959] Lausanne, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "A. von Saher [1890-1996] Amsterdam, Netherlands", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Hyde Collection, Glens Falls, NY.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Hirschl & Adler, New York, NY, 1969, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1969", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Picasso's Cubist compositions frequently feature fans.", "description": "One of Pablo Picasso\u2019s earliest Cubist paintings, this still life depicts a wooden salt box, a sliced melon in a crystal bowl, and a rumpled cloth resting on the table. A green fan is opened and propped against the wall, where it dissolves into faceted, geometric planes. While some objects are depicted from a frontal view, the table is tilted upright, as if seen from the ceiling, providing multiple simultaneous views of the scene, which became typical of Cubist works of art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470480"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 196", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n220"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Hennig, Edward B. \"Pablo Picasso: Fan, Salt Box, and Melon.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>56, no. 8 (October 1969): 273-286.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 278-286; Reproduced: cover and p. 273, fig. 1.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152288"}, {"citation": "\u201cAcquisitions by Museums of Works by Picasso: Supplement.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>113, no. 823 (October 1971): 625-633.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 625; Reproduced: p. 627, fig. 72.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/876779"}, {"citation": "Minervino, Fiorella. L<em>\u2019Opera Completa Di Picasso Cubista</em>. Milano: Rizzoli, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 102-103, no. 311", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cPablo Picasso: Bouteille, Verre, et Fourchette.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 7 (September 1972): 195\u2013203.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 196-197, fig. 6", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152438"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 242", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n262"}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre. <em>Picasso, the Cubist Years, 1907-1916 : A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Paintings and Related Works. </em>Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 249, no. 314.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cTwo New Cubist Paintings by Juan Gris and Pablo Picasso.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 2 (February 1981): 39\u201350.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 38-39, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159711"}, {"citation": "Cooper, Douglas and Gary Tinterow. <em>The Essential Cubism, 1907-1920 : Braque, Picasso &amp; Their Friends.</em> London: Tate Gallery, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 248; Reproduced: cat. 119, p. 249", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 112, no. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Palau i Fabre, Josep. <em>Picasso Cubism (1907-1917)</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.443-444, fig. 444 (as The Melon)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kosinski, Dorothy. \"G.F. Reber: collector of Cubism.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>CXXXIII, no. 1061 (August 1991): 519-531.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 512", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/884887"}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Brigitte Le\u0301al, and Marie-Laure Bernadac. <em>Picasso and Things: The Still Lifes of Picasso</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 80-81, no. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adrichem, Jan van. \"Collectors of Modern Art in Holland: Picasso as pars pro toto, 1920-40.\" <em>Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art </em>22, no. 3 (1993-1994): 148-198.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153; Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3780822"}, {"citation": "Adrichem, Jan van. <em>De ontvangst van de moderne kunst in Nederland 1910-2000: Picasso als pars pro toto</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Prometheus, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Staller, Natasha. <em>A Sum of Destructions: Picasso's Cultures &amp; the Creation of Cubism. </em>New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001", "page_number": "Mentioned p.214 and 217; Reproduced p.218, fig. 226", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Read, Peter. <em>Picasso &amp; Apollinaire: the persistence of memory</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127, fig. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mishory, Alec. <em>Still Life: From Represented Objects to Real Objects</em>. Israel: The Open University of Israel, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lopez, Jonathon. \"Hyde in Plain Sight.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques</em> (September 2010): 49-50.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 49-50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Philippot, Emelia. \"Cubism.\" In <em>Picasso and Paper</em>. William H. Robinson, et al., 118-145. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 125, cat. no. 100", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fisher, Frederick J. T<em>he Practice Run: How a Failed Art Heist Provided a Blueprint for the World\u2019s Largest Art Robbery. </em>Lanham, [Maryland]: Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Zervos II. 189; Daix 314; Minervino 311", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.22", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 144558, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1909, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1909", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:31.780000"}, {"id": 153406, "accession_number": "1986.9", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Youth as Saint Sebastian, late 1480s. Marco d'Oggiono (Italian, 1460-1524). Oil on wood, transferred to pressed wood; framed: 47.5 x 41 x 4 cm (18 11/16 x 16 1/8 x 1 9/16 in.); unframed: 30.5 x 24 cm (12 x 9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1986.9", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "Portrait of a Youth as Saint Sebastian", "creation_date": "late 1480s", "creation_date_earliest": 1485, "creation_date_latest": 1489, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 15th century"], "technique": "oil on wood, transferred to pressed wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 15th Century and earlier", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 47.5 x 41 x 4 cm (18 11/16 x 16 1/8 x 1 9/16 in.); Unframed: 30.5 x 24 cm (12 x 9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.475, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.41, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.04, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.305, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.24, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1986</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 214549, "title": "Leonardo Lives:  The Codex Leicester and Leonardo da Vinci's Legacy of Art and Science\r\n", "description": "<i>Leonardo Lives:  The Codex Leicester and Leonardo da Vinci's Legacy of Art and Science\r\n</i>. Seattle Art Museum (organizer) (October 23, 1997-January 4, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 295857, "title": "Raffaello. Intorno al San Sebastiano della Carrara", "description": "<i>Raffaello. Intorno al San Sebastiano della Carrara</i>. Galleria d\u2019Arte Moderna e Contemporanea Accademia Carrara di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy (January 27-May 6, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312549, "title": "Leonardo da Vinci", "description": "<i>Leonardo da Vinci</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (October 24, 2019-February 24, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 453134, "title": "Growing Up in a Renaissance Palazzo", "description": "<i>Growing Up in a Renaissance Palazzo</i>. The Hyde Collection, Glens Falls, NY (organizer) (October 5, 2024-January 5, 2025) https://www.hydecollection.org/exhibition/growing-up-in-a-renaissance-palazzo/.", "opening_date": "2024-10-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art</em>. New York World's Fair (1939), no. 290.", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Paintings by Old Masters</em>. Colnaghi, London (June 7-July 7, 1978), reproduced.", "opening_date": "1978-06-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Leonardo Lives: The Codex Leicester and Leonardo da Vinci's Legacy of Art and Science. </em>Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (Oct. 23, 1997 - Jan. 4, 1998), no. 30.", "opening_date": "1997-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Raffaello e l\u2019eco del Mito. </em>Accademia Carrara, Bergamo (January 27\u2013May 6, 2018), no. 25.", "opening_date": "2018-05-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Stanley Mortimer, Sr. (1890-1947), New York (as attributed to de Predis)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1939 -", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, November 26, 1976, no. 68 [as by Boltraffio])", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1976", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(P. & D. Colnaghi & Co. Ltd., London [as by Ambrogio de Predis])", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1978", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Eugene V. Thaw), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1986.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "- 1986", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "While Marco d'Oggiono made numerous copies of the masterpieces of his teacher Leonardo da Vinci, this is an original composition.", "description": "Sebastian, a bodyguard for the ancient Roman emperor Diocletian, was shot with arrows and was eventually drowned for his commitment to Christianity. While the arrow alludes to Saint Sebastian, the young man\u2019s clothing dates to the late 1400s, indicating that this is a contemporary portrait, rather than an image of the historical saint. This haunting image was influenced by the paintings of Leonardo da Vinci (1452\u20131519), particularly in the artist\u2019s use of smoky shadows (called sfumato) to model the flesh. It was painted by Marco d\u2019Oggiono, a Milanese artist who worked in Leonardo\u2019s studio.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475918"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.9-portrait-of-a-youth"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "New York World's Fair, George Henry McCall, and Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner. <em>Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture from 1300-1800</em>. [New York]: [Printed by Publishers Printing Company], 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 141, no. 290", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rama, Elena. \u201cUn tentative di rilettura della ritrattistica di Boltraffio fra Quattrocento e Cinquecento,\u201d <em>Arte Lombarda </em>64 no. 1 (1983), 79-92.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 82, fig. 8", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/43105673"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1986.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 2 (1987): 38-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 45-46", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159974"}, {"citation": "Brown, David Alan. \u201cSome Observations about the Exhibition \u2018Disegni e dipinti Leonardeschi dale Collezioni Milanesi\u2019.\u201d <em>Raccolta Vinciana </em>23 (1989): 27-32.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced p. 29, 31 ill.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baudequin, Jean-Christophe, in <em>Disegno: Les dessins italiens du Mus\u00e9e de Rennes. </em>Patrick Ramade et al. Exh. Cat. Galleria Estense, Modena, and Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Rennes, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 30, under no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, David Alan. \u201cThe Master of the \u2018Madonna Litta\u2019.\u201d in Maria Teresa Fiorio and Pietro C. Marani, eds, <em>I leonardeschi a Milano: fortuna e collezionismo </em>(<em>Ente Raccolta Vinciana, Atti del Convegno Internazionale</em>, 1990), 25-34. Milan: Electa, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, 33; note 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chiyo Ishikawa, \u201cLeonardo: Observer and Observed,\u201d in <em>Leonardo Lives: The Codex Leicester and Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s Legacy of Art and Science</em>, 21-41. Chiyo Ishikawa and Trevor Fairbrother. Exh. cat. Seattle Art Museum, in association with University of Washington Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 28\u201330, ill. fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiorio, Maria Teresa. \u201cIn margine al de Predis.\u201d In Marco Rossi and Alessandro Rovetta, eds, <em>Studi di storia dell\u2019arte in onore di Maria Teresa Gatti Perer</em>, 149-155. Milano: Vita e pensiero, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154, note 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bora, Giulio. \u201cLes l\u00e9onardesques: L\u00e9onard de Vinci et les \u2018l\u00e9onardesques\u2019 lombards.\u201d In <em>L\u00e9onard de Vinci: dessins et manuscrits</em>, 311-334. Franc\u0327oise Viatte, Varena Forcione et al. Exh. cat. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, in association with Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, May 5-July 14, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 96; Mentioned: p. 320\u2013321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koos, Marianne. \u201cAmore dolce-amaro: Giorgione und das ideale Knabenbildnis der venezianischen Renaissancemalerei.\u201d <em>Marburger Jahrbuch f\u00fcr Kusntwissenschaft </em>33 (2006): 113-174", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/40026514"}, {"citation": "Passoni, Maria Cristina, In <em>Capolavori da scoprire: la collezione Borromeo.</em> Mauro Natale and Andrea Di Lorenzo, eds. Exh. cat. Museo Poldi Pezzoli, Milan, in association with Milan: Skira, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 170\u2013172, under no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ballarin, Alessandro, with the collaboration of Marialucia Menegatti and Barbara Maria Savy. <em>Leonardo a Milano. Problemi di leonardismo Milanese tra Quattrocento e Cinquecento. Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio prima della pala Casio</em>, 4 vols [Verona]: Edizioni dell'Aurora, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 17\u201319, 31, 32, 661, 662, 663, 664, 665, 671, 675", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koos, Marianne. \"Das Martyrium Der Liebe: Ambiguit\u00e4t in Dosso Dossis \u201aHeiligem Sebastian\u2018.\" <em>Marburger Jahrbuch F\u00fcr Kunstwissenschaft</em> 38 (2011): 43-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55-56; Reproduced: fig. 15", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/23645834"}, {"citation": "Bruel, Marie-Elisabeth and Jean-Thomas Bruel. <em>La chapelle de Jean II de Bourbon a\u0300 la colle\u0301giale de Moulins: chef-d'\u0153uvre oublie\u0301 de Hugo van der Goes et manifeste du pouvoir</em>. Moulins: Socie\u0301te\u0301 bourbonnaise des e\u0301tudes locales 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126, no. 14; p. 127, no. 15; Mentioned: p. 125 &129, Note 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quattrini, Cristina, in <em>Raffaello e l\u2019eco del Mito. </em>Maria Cristina Rodeschini Galati, ed. Exh. cat. Bergamo, Accademia Carrara, in association with Venezia: Marsilio, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 69, 78; Reproduced and mentioned: p. 194-195, cat. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gebhardt, Johannes, Frank Zo\u0308llner, Leonardo, and Jack Wasserman. Paragone: Leonardo in comparison. 2021, 36.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; pp. 36-37, fig. 8.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Donetti, Dario, Hana Gru\u0308ndler, Mandy Richter, and Alessandro Nova. Viaggio nel Nord Italia: studi di cultura visiva in onore di Alessandro Nova. Firenze : Centro Di, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: PP. 254-257, no. XLVII", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.9", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.9/1986.9_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "447705", "filename": "1986.9_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.9/1986.9_print.jpg", "width": "2695", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6632435", "filename": "1986.9_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.9/1986.9_full.tif", "width": "4360", "height": "5500", "filesize": "71971716", "filename": "1986.9_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.9/1986.9_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "893", "filesize": "99416"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.9/1986.9_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2949", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1547103"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.9/1986.9_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4775", "height": "5504", "filesize": "78872052"}, "date_created": "2012-02-23T13:34:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.9/1986.9_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "777", "height": "893", "filesize": "153854"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.9/1986.9_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2957", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1997211"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.9/1986.9_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4793", "height": "5510", "filesize": "79257696"}, "date_created": "2012-02-22T18:31:02", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153406, "creators": [{"id": 342657, "description": "Marco d'Oggiono (Italian, 1460-1524)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Italian painter, ca. 1467-1524", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1460", "death_year": "1524", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-04-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1485, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1480s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:55:41.522000"}, {"id": 173263, "accession_number": "1925.1409", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Monsieur Boileau at the Caf\u00e9, 1893. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French, 1864\u20131901). Oil and tempera with charcoal on millboard; sheet: 80.3 x 65 cm (31 5/8 x 25 9/16 in.); framed: 105.4 x 89.5 x 8.3 cm (41 1/2 x 35 1/4 x 3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1925.1409", "current_location": null, "title": "Monsieur Boileau at the Caf\u00e9", "creation_date": "1893", "creation_date_earliest": 1893, "creation_date_latest": 1893, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil and tempera with charcoal on millboard", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 80.3 x 65 cm (31 5/8 x 25 9/16 in.); Framed: 105.4 x 89.5 x 8.3 cm (41 1/2 x 35 1/4 x 3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.803, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.65, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "framed": {"height": 1.054, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.895, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, upper left, in gouache: \u00e0 mon ami Boileau / HTLautrec [HTL in monogram]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360858, "title": "Exposition H. de Toulouse-Lautrec, au profit de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Amis du Mus\u00e9e d'Albi", "description": "<i>Exposition H. de Toulouse-Lautrec, au profit de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Amis du Mus\u00e9e d'Albi</i>. Mus\u00e9e des arts D\u00e9coratifs, Paris, France (organizer) (April 9-March 17, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-04-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360859, "title": "Independent Painters of Nineteenth-Century Paris", "description": "<i>Independent Painters of Nineteenth-Century Paris</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (March 15-April 28, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360860, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters</i>. M. Knoedler & Co., Inc., New York, NY (organizer) (November 15-December 11, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-11-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338244, "title": "French Impressionists from Manet to Cezanne", "description": "<i>French Impressionists from Manet to Cezanne</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (May 3-June 2, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360863, "title": "A Loan Exhibition of Toulouse-Lautrec", "description": "<i>A Loan Exhibition of Toulouse-Lautrec</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (October 23-November 23, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-10-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360864, "title": "Paintings, Drawings, Prints and Posters by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec", "description": "<i>Paintings, Drawings, Prints and Posters by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</i>. Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (organizer) (March 6-April 20, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360865, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec exposition en l'honneur du cinquanti\u00e8me anniversaire de sa mort", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec exposition en l'honneur du cinquanti\u00e8me anniversaire de sa mort</i>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (organizer).", "opening_date": "1951-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360866, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters and Lithographs", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters and Lithographs</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 20-May 6, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360867, "title": "Masterpieces Recalled: Benefit for League for Emotionally Disturbed Children", "description": "<i>Masterpieces Recalled: Benefit for League for Emotionally Disturbed Children</i>. Rosenberg & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (February 6-March 2, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361401, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (February 7-March 14, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 367126, "title": "Centenaire de Toulouse-Lautrec", "description": "<i>Centenaire de Toulouse-Lautrec</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris (organizer).", "opening_date": "1964-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360871, "title": "Modern Masters: Manet to Matisse", "description": "<i>Modern Masters: Manet to Matisse</i>. Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (April 9-May 11, 1975); National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (May 26-June 23, 1975); The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (August 4-September 1, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-04-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 367178, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec</i>. Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 8, 1991-January 19, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-10-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177160, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec and Montmartre", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec and Montmartre</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (July 16-October 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-03-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition des Ind\u00e9pendants, </em>Paris, France (March 18 - April 27, 1893).", "opening_date": "2018-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Toulouse Lautrec.</em> Wildenstein &amp; Co., New York, NY (1914).", "opening_date": "1914-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition r\u00e9trospective de l'oeuvre de Toulouse-Lautrec. </em>Galerie Manzi-Joyant, Paris, France (1914).", "opening_date": "1914-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Les Oeuvres des grands ma\u00eetres du XIX si\u00e8cle. </em>Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co., Paris, France (1922).", "opening_date": "1922-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Art Institute of Chicago, organized by Arts Club of Chicago (December 23, 1924 - January 25, 1925)", "opening_date": "1924-12-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Exhibition Organized in Collaboration with the Albi Museum</em>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (October 29 - December 11, 1955); Art Institute of Chicago. Chicago, IL (January 2 - February 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-10-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Monsieur Boileau, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1893-after 1898", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Baron Lafaurie, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1898-by 1924", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Paul Rosenberg, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1924-by 1925", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1924-1925", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1925-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["394.1925"], "did_you_know": "The green drink on the table is probably absinthe, a popular drink with artists at the time that was thought to have hallucinogenic properties.", "description": "Cleveland\u2019s 1925 purchase of this work by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec marked the first acquisition of one of the artist\u2019s drawings by a museum in the United States. Its subject, Monsieur Boileau, was a gossip columnist known to drink heavily at Le Mirliton, a nightclub. Here, saturated, acidic tones evoke the room\u2019s gas lamps and thinned oil paint absorbs into its support, producing texture that complements the scene\u2019s grittiness. In his own time, Toulouse-Lautrec was considered a portraitist for such depictions of friends and other inhabitants of his neighborhood. He preferred drawing for its immediacy, using it to record his sitters\u2019 personalities through materials and formal choices.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230237"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.1409-monsieur-boileau-at"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Exposition des Ind\u00e9pendants</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Pavillion de la ville, 1893.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1246", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saunier, Charles. \"Critique d'Art: Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants,\" <em>La Plume</em>, no. 96 (April 15, 1893): 171-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coquiot, Gustave. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Berlin: Ernst Wasmuth, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56; Reproduced: pl. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brook, Alexander. \"Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.\" <em>The Arts </em>4, no. 3 (September 1923): 125-165.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barth\u00e9lemy, A. <em>Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Exh. Cat. Chicago: Arts Club of Chicago, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 1; Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"A Painting by Toulouse-Lautrec.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 12, no. 10 (December 1925): 159-161.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 159-161; Reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joyant, Maurice. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, peintre, 1864-1901</em>. Paris: Floury, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. I, p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joyant, Maurice. \"Toulouse-Lautrec.\" <em>L'Art et l'artistes</em> (February 1927): 145-172.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n44"}, {"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 167", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition H. de Toulouse-Lautrec au profit de la Soci\u00e9te\u0301 des Amis du Muse\u0301e d'Albi.</em> Exh. Cat. Paris: Muse\u0301e des arts de\u0301coratifs, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. <em>French Painting</em>. Boston: Hale, Cushman &amp; Flint, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 277", "url": null}, {"citation": "MacOrlan, Pierre. <em>Lautrec: peintre de la lumi\u00e8re froide</em>. Paris: Floury, 1934.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Independent Painters of Nineteenth Century Paris</em>. Exh. Cat. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34, no. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Art News</em> 34, no. 37 (June 13, 1936): 7-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Superb Art Display Marks Cleveland Museum's 20th Anniversary.\" <em>Art Digest</em> 10 (July 1, 1936): 5-22.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters, Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Muse\u0301e D'Albi, France. </em>Exh. Cat. New York: M. Knoedler and Company, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24, no. 14; Reproduced: pl. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Uhde, Wilhelm. <em>The Impressionists</em>. Vienna: Phaidon, 1937.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum: It is a treasure trove of great art masterpieces from all around the world.\" <em>Life</em> (September 20, 1943): 64-68.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jewell, Edward Alden and Aimee Crane. <em>French Impressionists and their Contemporaries Represented in American Collections</em>. New York: Hyperion, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n44"}, {"citation": "Visson, Vladimir. <em>A Loan Exhibition of Toulouse-Lautrec, For the Benefit of the Goddard Neighborhood Center.</em> New York: Wildenstein and Company. 1946.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35, no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings, Drawings, Prints and Posters by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec,</em> <em>1864-1901</em>. Exh. Cat. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Institute Department of Fine Arts. 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13, no. 16; Reproduced: opp. p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saint-Gaudens, Homer. \"Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 1864-1901.\" <em>Carnegie Magazine</em> (1947).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257", "url": null}, {"citation": "Florisoone, Michel and M. G. Dortu. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Exposition en l'honneur du cinquantie\u0300me anniversaire de sa mort</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Orangerie des Tuileries, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, no. 42; Reproduced: pl. V", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jourdain, Francis. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Paris: Braun, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mack, Gerstle. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: Knopf, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentoined: p. 268", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper, Douglas. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: Abrams, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Exhibition Organized in Collaboration with the Albi Museum. </em>Exh. Cat. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art. 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jourdain, Francis and Jean Adh\u00e9mar. <em>T-Lautrec : Essai sur Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Paris: P. Tisne, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dortu, M.G., Jean Adh\u00e9mar, and Madeleine Grillaert. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec en belgique</em>. Paris: Editart, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters, and Lithographs.</em> Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46, no. 25; Reproduced: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of 19th and 20th Century French Paintings: Masterpieces Recalled, for the Benefit of the League for Emotionally Disturbed Children, Inc.</em> Exh. Cat. New York: Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 510", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n94"}, {"citation": "Lowry, Bates.<em> The Visual Experience: An Introduction to Art. </em>Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 72-73; Reproduced: pp. 72, 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Centenaire de Toulouse-Lautrec.</em> Exh. Cat. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 57-58, no. 43; Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n202"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n202"}, {"citation": "Caproni, Giorgio. <em>L'opera completa di Toulouse-Lautrec. </em>Milan: Rizzoli, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 36; Reproduced: pl. xxxvi", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lassaigne, Jacques. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec e la parigi dei cabarets</em>. Milan: Fabbri, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99; Reproduced: pl. xxxi", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dortu, M. G. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec et son oeuvre</em>. New York: Collectors Editions, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, pp. 282-83; Reproduced: p. 283.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lieberman, William S., ed. <em>Modern Masters: Manet to Matisse</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 208, 268, no. 107; Reproduced: pp. 17, 209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. London: Oresko, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 72, no. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n242"}, {"citation": "Stuckey, Charles F. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings</em>. Exh. Cat. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 290", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Tabacco storia arte</em>. Rome: Amministrazione dei monopoli di stato, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 184; Reproduced: p. 221", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henze, Anton. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: Leben und Werk</em>. Stuttgart: Belser, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 37; Reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec.</em> Exh. Cat. London: South Bank Centre, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 18, 23, 133, 160; Reproduced: p 161.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schimmel, Herbert D., ed. <em>The Letters of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 205, n. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Murray, Gale Barbara.<em> Toulouse-Lautrec: A Retrospective. </em>New York: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 191", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walther, Ingo F. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1864-1901.</em> Koln: Benedikt Taschen, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, Fred Miller. <em>The Man in the Bowler Hat: His History and Iconography.</em> Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 72-74; Reproduced: p. 73.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shimohama, Akiko and Chu\u0304ji Ikegami. <em>Ro\u0304torekku.</em> To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 22-23; Reproduced: p. 23, pl. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelfrey, Robert H. <em>Art and Mass Media.</em> Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 74-75; Reproduced: p. 74.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cate, Phlilip Dennis, Mary Weaver Chapin, and Richard Thomson. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec and Montmartre</em>. Exh. Cat. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 69, 256, no. 91; Reproduced: p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bos, Eric. <em>Absinthe, het grote kwaad: de groene fee als inspiratiebron van de kunsten</em>. Groningen : Boekwerk &amp; partners, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zmelty, Nicolas-Henri. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: La Strate\u0301gie de l'Ephe\u0301me\u0300re.</em> Paris: \u00c9ditions Hazan, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150; reproduced: p. 153, no. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lloyd, Christopher. <em>Impressionist &amp; Post-Impressionist Drawings.</em> New York, New York: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 271", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zmelty, Nicolas-Henri, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: la strate\u0301gie de l'e\u0301phe\u0301me\u0300re. 2019.", "page_number": "repr. p. 753, no. 95, mentioned p. 150", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cNineteenth-Century French Drawings: The widely recognized collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 62, no. 4 (December 2022): Cover, 18-19.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brown, Heather Lemonedes. \"Monsieur Boileau at the Cafe.\" In <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>24-31. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 24-31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 176-181. no. 37a", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Dortu P.465", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.1409", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "900", "filesize": "377730", "filename": "1925.1409_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_print.jpg", "width": "2772", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4261605", "filename": "1925.1409_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_full.tif", "width": "9589", "height": "11760", "filesize": "338328393", "filename": "1925.1409_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "724", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2734", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5107", "height": "6350", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2007-07-27T13:03:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "724", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2734", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5107", "height": "6350", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2007-07-27T13:03:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "893", "filesize": "494360"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1896", "filesize": "2157377"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1409/1925.1409_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1896", "filesize": "8739988"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 173263, "creators": [{"id": 1856, "description": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French, 1864\u20131901)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1864", "death_year": "1901", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-05-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1893, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1893", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:57.394000"}, {"id": 157331, "accession_number": "1994.195", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Standing Officer Holding a Boar's Spear, 1586. Hendrick Goltzius (Dutch, 1558\u20131617). Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, red chalk with traces of white opaque watercolor over black chalk, on paper; traces of transfer; sheet: 20.6 x 15.6 cm (8 1/8 x 6 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1994.195", "current_location": null, "title": "Standing Officer Holding a Boar's Spear", "creation_date": "1586", "creation_date_earliest": 1586, "creation_date_latest": 1586, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands, Haarlem, 16th century"], "technique": "Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, red chalk with traces of white opaque watercolor over black chalk, on paper; traces of transfer", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, perimeter mounted to cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Dutch", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 20.6 x 15.6 cm (8 1/8 x 6 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.206, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.156, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower center, in brown ink: [artist's monogram, retouched: HG]; verso of secondary support, upper right in graphite(?): \u00a365; upper left, in graphite: 207420; upper left, in graphite: 35[circled]; center, in graphite: Exh. / Boymans Mus. Rotterdam / Hendrick Goltzius als Tekenaar cat 81; lower right, in graphite: [illegible] / 10; lower left, in graphite: 3\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 189312, "title": "Mannerism: Italian, French, and Netherlandish Prints, 1520-1620", "description": "<i>Mannerism: Italian, French, and Netherlandish Prints, 1520-1620</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 3-October 26, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-08-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 440585, "title": "Tales of the City: Drawing in the Netherlands from Bosch to Bruegel", "description": "<i>Tales of the City: Drawing in the Netherlands from Bosch to Bruegel</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 9, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-10-09T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Hendrick Goltzius als Tekenaar. </em>Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam (May 23 - July 13 1958); Teylers Museum, Haarlem (July 19 - August 31 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-07-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Drawings by Old Masters from the Collection of Dr. and Mrs. Francis Springell. </em>Colnaghi, London (October 15 - November 11 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-11-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Between Renaissance and Baroque. </em>City Art Gallery, Manchester (March 10 - April 6 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Old Master Drawings from the Collections of Dr. and Mrs. Francis Springell. </em>National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh (July to September 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-07-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "G. Braamkamp, Amsterdam;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1768", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "his sale, P. Yver, Amsterdam, 29 February 1768, no. 265.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1768", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Van Der Hoog, Amsterdam.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "ca. 1768-ca. 1780", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "his sale, Amsterdam,10 April 1780, no. 128", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1780", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Sold, P. Yver, Amsterdam, 30 October 1780, no. 3.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1780", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Juda van Benjamin Senior, Amsterdam", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1782", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "his sale, Jan Willem Smit, Amsterdam, 4 November 1782, no. 27", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1782", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "John 2nd Lord Northwick (1770-1859), London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1859", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "his sale, \"remaining portion of\" his collection, Sotheby, Wilkinson & Hodge, London, 5 July 1921, no. 79", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1921", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Sir Robert Witt (1872-1952), London (Lugt 2228b)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "ca. 1920s-ca. 1952", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Dr. and Mrs. Frances Springell (1898-1974), Portinscale, Cumberland (Lugt 1049a)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1959-1974", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "sold Sotheby Mak van Waay B.V., Amsterdam, 3 May 1976, lot 93", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "with Hazlitt, Gooden & Fox Ltd., London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1994", "sortorder": 15}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1994", "sortorder": 16}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This military officer brandishes a type of spear used for boar hunting, in which the two lugs on the blade were meant to keep the animal from pushing its way up the spear to attack the hunter.", "description": "This sheet is the only known preparatory drawing for an important group of engravings depicting military figures designed by Hendrick Goltzius between 1582 and 1600. Here Goltzius depicted a military officer with a confident stance and direct gaze as he staunchly holds a spear in his right hand and carries his sword on his hip. Details such as the fluttering scarf and the feather-trimmed hat enliven the image. The background portrays the deeds of the protagonist, including a scene with troops on the right, and two other officers, perhaps shown training with spears, on the left. Such imagery usually promoted militaristic values such as bravery in the period, as the Netherlands underwent continuous warfare with Spain. Goltzius's technique includes fine pen strokes and delicate brown washes combined with red chalk additions on the face and hands, which add a degree of naturalism and finish to the drawing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79973448"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1994.195-standing-officer-hol"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Museum Boymans-Van Beuningen. <em>H. Goltzius als tekenaar.</em> Teylers Museum: Haarlem, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 38 , cat. no. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum Boymans-Van Beuningen. H. Goltzius als tekenaar. [Tentoonstelling] van 23 mei tot 13 juli, Museum Boymans, Rotterdam, van 19 juli tot 31 augustus. Teylers Museum: Haarlem, 1958.", "page_number": "cat. 81, p. 27, 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "P. &amp; D. Colnaghi &amp; Co. L<em>oan Exhibition of Drawings by Old Masters from the Collection of Dr. &amp; Mrs. Francis Springell. </em>London: Colnaghi, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reznicek, Emil Karel Josef. Die Zeichnungen von Hendrick Goltzius. Utrecht: Haentjens Dekker &amp; Gumbert, 1961.", "page_number": "no. K337, p. 392, fig. no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manchester City Art Gallery. <em>Between Renaissance and Baroque; European Art, 1520-1600.</em> 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Andrews, Keith.<em> Old Master Drawings from the Collection of Dr and Mrs Francis Springell.</em> Edinburgh. National Gallery of Scotland. Edinburgh: National Gallery of Scotland, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 12, no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goltzius, Hendrik, and Walter L. Strauss. Hendrik Goltzius, 1558-1617: The Complete Engravings and Woodcuts. New York: Abaris Books, 1977.", "page_number": "under no. 252", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goltzius, Hendrick, and Walter L. Strauss. Hendrik Goltzius, 1558-1617: The Complete Engravings and Woodcuts. New York, NY: Abaris Books, 1977.", "page_number": "under no. 252, p. 434", "url": null}, {"citation": "Filedt Kok, Jan Piet, \"Proefdrukken uit Goltzius' atelier omstreeks 1587,\" Bulletin van he Rijksmuseum 39/4 (1991): pp. 363-74.", "page_number": "p. 368", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reznicek, Emil Karel Josef, \"Drawings by Hendrick Goltzius, Thirty Years Later: Supplement to the 1961 <em>catalogue raisonn\u00e9</em>,\" Master Drawings XXXI/3 (Autumn 1993): pp. 215-278.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "part III, no. A68, p. 276", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cNew Acquisitions Enter the Cleveland Museum of Art\u2019s Permanent Collection,\u201d February 14, 1995, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr3939/page/n1"}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L., and Edward J. Olszewski. Drawings in Midwestern Collections: A Corpus. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996.", "page_number": "cat. 23, pp. 39-40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster.<em> Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 69, p. 11, pp.170-171; p.293; Reproduced: p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Peters, Emily J., Laura Ritter, William Griswold, Klaus Albrecht Schro\u0308der, and Koenraad Jonckheere. Tales of the City: Drawing in the Netherlands from Bosch to Bruegel. Cleveland, OH : Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 194-195, no. 54", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1994.195", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.195/1994.195_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "472482", "filename": "1994.195_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.195/1994.195_print.jpg", "width": "2560", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8356371", "filename": "1994.195_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.195/1994.195_full.tif", "width": "4437", "height": "5891", "filesize": "78444172", "filename": "1994.195_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.195/1994.195_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "519154"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.195/1994.195_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "2042", "filesize": "2727882"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.195/1994.195_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "2042", "filesize": "9412988"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 157331, "creators": [{"id": 68231, "description": "Hendrick Goltzius (Dutch, 1558\u20131617)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1558", "death_year": "1617", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1994-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1586, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1586", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Standing Officer", "Standing Officer Holding a Halberd"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:11:30.029000"}, {"id": 107189, "accession_number": "1925.1188", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Venus and Cupid in a Chariot, 1615\u201317. Guercino (Italian, 1591\u20131666). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over red chalk; sheet: 25.5 x 39.4 cm (10 1/16 x 15 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1925.1188", "current_location": null, "title": "Venus and Cupid in a Chariot", "creation_date": "1615\u201317", "creation_date_earliest": 1615, "creation_date_latest": 1617, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Bologna"], "technique": "Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over red chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 25.5 x 39.4 cm (10 1/16 x 15 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.255, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.394, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "upper right, in brown ink: 44 .", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 357112, "title": "Master Drawings Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America", "description": "<i>Master Drawings Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (January 1-31, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356272, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-December 9, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312437, "title": "Drawings from the Collection of Sir Robert Witt, London", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Collection of Sir Robert Witt, London</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 30-October 30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-09-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347295, "title": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters", "description": "<i>Drawings by Old Italian Masters</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 5, 1940-February 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347343, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 27, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347389, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 22-October 26, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-07-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356654, "title": "Italian Drawings, 1330-1780", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings, 1330-1780</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (December 1-20, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 357520, "title": "50th Anniversary of the Museum's Opening", "description": "<i>50th Anniversary of the Museum's Opening</i>. Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (organizer) (April 9-May 16, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357541, "title": "Seventy Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventy Master Drawings</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (November 27, 1948-January 6, 1949).", "opening_date": "1948-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356677, "title": "Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (June 1-September 15, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520993, "title": "Art in Italy, 1600-1700", "description": "<i>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (April 6-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 348912, "title": "Art in Italy, 1600-1700", "description": "<i>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (April 6-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309864, "title": "Baroque Imagery", "description": "<i>Baroque Imagery</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 1984-January 6, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-11-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311441, "title": "Guercino: Master Draftsman: Works from North American Collections", "description": "<i>Guercino: Master Draftsman: Works from North American Collections</i>. Harvard University Art Museums/Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (February 15-March 31, 1991); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (May 3-June 16, 1991); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 27-October 13, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(P. & D. Colnaghi & Co., London, England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1925", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 8, 1925", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two miniscule female forms appear at the bottom edge of the sheet and may pertain to an earlier idea for the composition or to one of many other compositions Guercino conceived for the commission.", "description": "Giovanni Francesco Barbiere, called Guercino, was a prolific draftsman who used drawing not only to prepare for his many painting commissions but also to record and explore his ideas for future use. This preparatory drawing, made early in his career, reflects Guercino's nonlinear preparatory process and his simultaneous work on different compositions. It relates in format to the painted decoration at the Casa Pannini in his native town of Cento, but it features Venus instead of Diana as in the finished fresco. Guercino's combination of rapid and sure pen lines with ink wash, applied with expert variegation to create deep shadows and bright highlights, is a paradigm of the artist's exuberant high Baroque style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894696"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.1188-venus-and-cupid-in-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Washburn, Gordon Bailey, and Agnes Mongan. <em>Master Drawings, Selected from the Museums and Private Collections of America; January, 1935, the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York</em>. [Buffalo, N.Y.]: [F.W. Burow], 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. no. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kennedy, Ruth Wedgwood. <em>Italian Drawing, 1330-1780, Smith College Museum of Art</em>. [Northampton, MA.]: [Press-work by A. Wilson], 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. <em>European Master Drawings in the United States</em>. New York: J.J. Augustin, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114, n. 57; Reproduced: p. 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Worcester Art Museum. <em>Fiftieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Art of Europe During the XVIth-XVIIth Centuries. April 11 to May 16, 1948</em>.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mongan, Agnes. <em>One Hundred Master Drawings</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 72; Reproduced: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. <em>Loan Exhibition of Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums: Detroit Institute of Arts, June 1-September 15, 1950</em>. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marangoni, Matteo. <em>Guercino</em>. Milano: Aldo Martello, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11, n. 8; Reproduced: n. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Old and Modern Drawings: A Drawing by Guercino.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>26 (Summer 1963): 217-233.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 217-233; Reproduced: p. 219, n. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cummings, Frederick J. <em>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</em>. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101; Reproduced: p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n139"}, {"citation": "Roli, Renato. <em>I fregi centesi del Guercino.</em> Bologna: R. P\u00e0tron, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77, note 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n139"}, {"citation": "Mahon, Denis. <em>Il Guercino (Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, 1591-1666): catalogo critico dei disegni: Bologna, Palazzo dell'Archiginnasio, 1 settembre-18 novembre 1968</em>. Bologna: Alfa, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bottari, Stefano, Renato Roli, and Anna Ottani Cavina. <em>Guercino: Disegni</em>. Florence: La Nuova Italia, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4, n. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n156"}, {"citation": "Schloder, John E. <em>Baroque Imagery</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 51-52; Reproduced: p. 52, n. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bagni, Prisco. <em>Guercino a Cento: Le decorazioni di Casa Pannini</em>. Bologna: Nuova Alfa, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 141-150, 165, n. 119; Reproduced: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salerno, Luigi. <em>I dipinti del Guercin</em>o. Rome: Ugo Bozzi, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 102-103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mahon, Denis, and Nicholas Turner. <em>The Drawings of Guercino in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen at Windsor Castle</em>. Cambridge: Cambrdige University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stone, David Marshall. \"Theory and Practice in Seicento Art: The Example of Guercino.\" PhD diss., Harvard University, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 233-236; Reproduced: fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stone, David M. <em>Guercino, Master Draftsman: Works from North American Collections</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Art Museums, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4; Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mahon, Denis. <em>Giovanni Francesco Barbieri, Il Guercino, 1591-1666: Disegni: Bologna, Museo civico archeologico, Cento, Pinacoteca civica e Chiesa del Rosario, 6 settembre-10 novembre 1991</em>. Bologna: Nuova Alfa, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Nicholas, Carol Plazzotta. <em>Drawings by Guercino from British Collections, with an Appendix Describing the Drawings by Guercino, His School and His Followers in the British Museum</em>. London: British Museum Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 35-36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stone, David M. <em>Guercino: Catalogo completo dei dipinti</em>. Florence: Cantini, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 3, 48-49, 285; Reproduced p. 49, n. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Nicholas. The Paintings of Guercino: A Revised and Expanded Catalogue Raisonne\u0301. Roma: Ugo Bozzi Editore s.r.l., 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p.289, cat. 30.87", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.1188", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1188/1925.1188_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "827", "filesize": "182950", "filename": "1925.1188_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1188/1925.1188_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2227", "filesize": "1661370", "filename": "1925.1188_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1188/1925.1188_full.tif", "width": "7471", "height": "4894", "filesize": "109711280", "filename": "1925.1188_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 107189, "creators": [{"id": 1190, "description": "Guercino (Italian, 1591\u20131666)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1591", "death_year": "1666", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1615, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1615\u201317", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Venus and Cupid", "Venus and Cupid Drawn through the Clouds by a Dove"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:45:49.964000"}, {"id": 111702, "accession_number": "1930.23", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Capriccio: A Palace with a Courtyard by the Lagoon, c. 1750\u201355. Antonio Canaletto (Italian, 1697\u20131768). Pen and brown ink and brush and gray and black washes over traces of graphite (?); framing lines in pen and brown and black ink; sheet: 26.9 x 42.1 cm (10 9/16 x 16 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.23", "current_location": null, "title": "Capriccio: A Palace with a Courtyard by the Lagoon", "creation_date": "c. 1750\u201355", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and gray and black washes over traces of graphite (?); framing lines in pen and brown and black ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 26.9 x 42.1 cm (10 9/16 x 16 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.269, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.421, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361226, "title": "Antonio Canaletto: 1697-1768", "description": "<i>Antonio Canaletto: 1697-1768</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer).", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "<i>Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361222, "title": "Fourth Anniversary Exhibition: Six Centuries of Drawings", "description": "<i>Fourth Anniversary Exhibition: Six Centuries of Drawings</i>. Lyman Allyn Art Museum, New London, CT (organizer) (March 2-April 15, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-03-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361223, "title": "Tiepolo and His Contemporaries", "description": "<i>Tiepolo and His Contemporaries</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 14-April 24, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-03-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361224, "title": "Exhibition of Eighteenth-Century Italian Landscape Painting and Its Influence in England", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Eighteenth-Century Italian Landscape Painting and Its Influence in England</i>. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347295, "title": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters", "description": "<i>Drawings by Old Italian Masters</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 5, 1940-February 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347343, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 27, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356654, "title": "Italian Drawings, 1330-1780", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings, 1330-1780</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (December 1-20, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361225, "title": "Topographical Viewpoint", "description": "<i>Topographical Viewpoint</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30-December 18, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311919, "title": "Views of Venice", "description": "<i>Views of Venice</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 26, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361227, "title": "Canaletto and Bellotto", "description": "<i>Canaletto and Bellotto</i>. Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, MA (organizer) (August 2-31, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-08-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520372, "title": "Eighteenth-Century Venetian Drawings From Correr Museum", "description": "<i>Eighteenth-Century Venetian Drawings From Correr Museum</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (January 21-February 16, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361228, "title": "Canaletto", "description": "<i>Canaletto</i>. Art Gallery of Ontario (organizer) (October 17-November 15, 1964); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (December 4, 1964-January 10, 1965); Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts (January 29-February 28, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442392, "title": "33 Etchings and Related Works of Canaletto", "description": "<i>33 Etchings and Related Works of Canaletto</i>. Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (organizer) (March 31-May 21, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "<i>Venice as City and Theater</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "<i>Imagination in the Age of Reason</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Obach & Co. (est. 1884), London, sold to Dr. Guy Bellingham Smith.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. Guy Bellingham Smith [1856-?], London, UK.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1911-1927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Frederik Muller & Co., Amsterdam, sold July 6, 1927, cat. no. 9.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew and Sons (est. 1817), Ltd., London, UK, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Jan. 1930.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "possibly 1927-1930", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The round building in the distance, across the lagoon, is reminiscent of the Pantheon\u2014a former Roman temple located in Rome.", "description": "Privileged young Europeans embarking on the Grand Tour during the 1700s invariably visited Venice, where they purchased paintings, prints, and drawings to commemorate their trip. Canaletto\u2019s <em>vedute </em>(view paintings) were particularly desirable as mementos of the city. This drawing is a <em>capriccio</em>\u2014an artistic fantasy of architecture and landscape. Canaletto often referred to actual buildings in his capricci, manipulating and combining them to create his invented views. The palatial structure in this composition appropriates the neo-Palladian portal to the Palazzo Tasca in Venice; however, the lagoon, peasant figures, and architectural details are artifice. Traces of Canaletto\u2019s graphite underdrawing are visible in the cloudy sky, as are the black chalk lines he carefully ruled in before delineating the building with pen and brush. The brown ink outlines of the composition contrast with Canaletto\u2019s tints of transparent gray wash, which animate the drawing through their effect of flickering sunlight. Though three large, painted capricci paintings share compositional elements with this drawing, it is unclear whether it is a preliminary study, or an independent work of art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80004138"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.23-capriccio-a-palace-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hadeln, Detlev von. <em>The Drawings of Antonio Canal, called Canaletto. </em>London: Duckworth, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "H. S. F. \"A Wash Drawing by Canaletto.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 20, no. 2 (1933): 23-31.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 23-26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ames, Winslow. \u201cNotes on Drawings: Antonio Canal, Called Canaletto.\u201d  <em>Old Master Drawings</em> 12, no. 48 (March 1938).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 53-54, plate 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <em>Tiepolo and His Contemporaries</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yale University Gallery of Fine Arts. <em>Exhibition of Eighteenth Century Italian Landscape Painting and its Influence in England. </em>New Haven, CT: Gallery of Fine Arts, Yale University, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 11, plate 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith College Museum of Art. <em>Italian Drawings 1330-1780</em>. Northampton, MA: Smith College Museum of Art, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto. <em>Venetian Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in America</em>. New York: H. Bittner, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 36-37 under no. 49, plate 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 576", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n108"}, {"citation": "The Berkshire Museum. <em>Canaletto and Bellotto (August 2- 31, 1960)</em>. Pittsfield, MA: The Berkshire Museum, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Constable, W.G. <em>Canaletto, Giovanni Antonio Canal</em>. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 426 under nos. 502, 504, p. 557 no. 819, plate 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "Constable, W. G. <em>Canaletto:</em> <em>Giovanni Antonio Canal, 1697-1768</em>: Ex. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Toronto, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 133, no. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n171"}, {"citation": "Puppi, Lionello. <em>The Complete Paintings of Canaletto</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 118 under no. 310", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n171"}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio. <em>Venetian Drawings from American Collections.</em> Washington, DC: International Exhibitions Foundation, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48 under no. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Constable, W.G. and J.G. Links. <em>Canaletto, Giovanni Antonio Canal 1697-1768</em>, vol 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 606- 607, no. 819", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n167"}, {"citation": "Wallen, Burr. <em>The William A. Gumberts Collection of Canaletto Etchings</em>. Santa Barbara, CA: The Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 28-29, fig.11.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio. <em>Disegni Antichi del Museo Correr di Venezia</em>, vol 1. Venice: Neri Pozza, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corboz, Andre. <em>Canaletto: Una Venezia immaginaria, </em>vol. 1. Milan: Alfiera Electa, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 119-120, 283, 286, 288, 291, 306, 311, 350, 356, 359, 360, 364, 438, 461, 466, 737 D133; Reproduced: p. 120 fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Treasures on Paper</em>: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Constable, W.G. and J.G. Links. <em>Canaletto</em>, <em>Giovanni Antonio Canal 1697-1768</em>, vol 2. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 463 under no. 502, p. 464 under no. 504, p. 606-607 no. 819; Reproduced: Plate 154 no. 819.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baetjer, Katherine and J.G. Links. <em>Canaletto.</em> New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 267 under no. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 23, pp. 4, 66-67, 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Glaubinger, Jane and Lemonedes, Heather. \u201cTreasures on Paper: The Cr\u00e8me de la cr\u00e8me of the museum\u2019s prints and drawings collection is now on view.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 2 (March/April 2014): 6-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-02"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Von Halden 14; Constable-Links 819", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.23", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.23/1930.23_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "812", "filesize": "237433", "filename": "1930.23_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.23/1930.23_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2186", "filesize": "1866051", "filename": "1930.23_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.23/1930.23_full.tif", "width": "7459", "height": "4796", "filesize": "107342148", "filename": "1930.23_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.23/1930.23_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "804", "filesize": "886716"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.23/1930.23_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1303", "filesize": "2345594"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.23/1930.23_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1303", "filesize": "8008420"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111702, "creators": [{"id": 11939, "description": "Antonio Canaletto (Italian, 1697\u20131768)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1697", "death_year": "1768", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-01-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750\u201355", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Imaginary View of a Palace on the Shore of the Lagoon", "The Villa Contarini"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:54:57.099000"}, {"id": 112308, "accession_number": "1930.731", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Monster Face: Door Ring Holder (Pushou) (\u92ea\u9996), 500s. China, Henan province, Northern Dynasties period (386\u2013581 CE). Gilt bronze; overall: 13.6 x 20 cm (5 3/8 x 7 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.731", "current_location": "241B Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Monster Face: Door Ring Holder (Pushou)", "title_in_original_language": "\u92ea\u9996", "creation_date": "500s", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 599, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Henan province, Northern Dynasties period (386\u2013581 CE)"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Southern Dynasties", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 13.6 x 20 cm (5 3/8 x 7 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.136, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.2, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 702560, "title": "Asia and the West", "description": "<i>Asia and the West</i>. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 28-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-10-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 702986, "title": "Masks: The Many Faces of Man", "description": "<i>Masks: The Many Faces of Man</i>. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada (organizer) (February 10-April 5, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese Bronzes of the Shang (1766-1122 B.C.) Through the T\u02bbang Dynasty (A.D. 618-906)</em>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (October 19-November 27, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Golden Gate International Expositions</em>. San Francisco, CA (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Art in Asia and the West</em>. San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco, CA (October 28-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masks: The Many Faces of Man</em>. The Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (February 11-April 5,1959).", "opening_date": "2011-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "said to be from Sung-Shan in Honan [Henan] Province, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Ku\u0308mmel, Otto. <em>Jo\u0308rg Tru\u0308bner zum Geda\u0308chtnis. Ergebnisse seiner letzten chinesischen Reisen</em>. Berlin: Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, 1930. Mentioned p. 112, Tafel 57: \"Angeblich auf dem Sung-shan, Honan, ausgegraben.\"</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jo\u0308rg Tru\u0308bner [1903\u20131930] acquired in China, to his brother-in-law, Edgar Worch", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1925\u2013by 1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edgar Worch [1880\u20131972], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Three rivet holes (one on the forehead and one by each limb) were used to nail the mask onto a door.", "description": "This gilt bronze Door Ring Holder is in the form of a monster head with curving horns, protruding eyes, three-clawed paws, curling beard, and flame-shaped hair. The tongue dangles from the mouth, in which the creature originally grasped a ring. While it had a practical function as a door knocker, the intimidating form could also frighten away both intruders and evil spirits.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763741"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.731-monster-face-door-ri"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ku\u0308mmel, Otto. <em>Jo\u0308rg Tru\u0308bner zum Geda\u0308chtnis. Ergebnisse seiner letzten chinesischen Reisen</em>. Berlin: Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pl. 57, pp. 112\u2013113", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard C. \u201cTwo Chinese Bronzes.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 18, no. 4 (April 1931): 66\u201373.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137378"}, {"citation": "<em>Chinese Bronzes of the Shang (1766-1122 B.C.) Through the T\u02bbang Dynasty (A.D. 618-906); An Exhibition Lent by American Collectors and Museums and Shown in Gallery D6 from October 19 Through November 27. 1938</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 334, p. 28", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/147054"}, {"citation": "<em>Pacific Cultures, Department of Fine Arts, Division of Pacific Cultures</em>. San Francisco: Golden Gate International Exposition, 1939.", "page_number": "cat. no. 55", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Morley, Grace. <em>Art in Asia and the West: An Exhibition to Illustrate Varied Aspects of Asian Traditions and Their Importance for Art in the West, San Francisco Museum of Art, October 28-December 1, 1957</em>. San Francisco, CA: San Francisco Museum of Art, 1957.", "page_number": "cat. no. 16b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 816", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n145"}, {"citation": "<em>Masks: The Many Faces of Man : an Exhibition Presented by the Division of Art and Archaeology of the Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto Canada. </em>Toronto: The Museum, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. E17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145, fig. no. 170", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 249", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n273"}, {"citation": "Christie, Anthony.<em> Chinese Mythology</em>. London: Hamlyn, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 249", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n273"}, {"citation": "<em>Bao Zunpeng xian sheng ji nian lun wen ji </em>[\u5305\u9075\u5f6d\u5148\u751f\u7d00\u5ff5\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6 = Essays on a Symposium in Memory of (Bao Zunpeng)]. Taibei: Guo li zhong yang tu shu guan \u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u5716\u66f8\u9928, \u6c11\u570b 60 [1971].", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 250, illus. B", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weisberg,  Gabriel P. and H. W. Janson. <em>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "cat. no. 101", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 328", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n348"}, {"citation": "Pearlstein, Elinor. \u201cPictorial Stones from Chinese Tombs.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 9 (1984): 302\u2013331.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 308, fig. 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159885"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: [p. 10]", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.731", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_web.jpg", "width": "1068", "height": "893", "filesize": "640985", "filename": "1930.731_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2843", "filesize": "5700956", "filename": "1930.731_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4181", "filesize": "62733996", "filename": "1930.731_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1214", "height": "893", "filesize": "128043"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2502", "filesize": "918434"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6196", "height": "4560", "filesize": "84783260"}, "date_created": "2012-09-20T15:05:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "845", "filesize": "94732"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2274", "filesize": "664573"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5990", "height": "4008", "filesize": "72045748"}, "date_created": "2012-09-20T17:31:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1068", "height": "893", "filesize": "651591"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2843", "filesize": "5623365"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.731/1930.731_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4181", "filesize": "62748628"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112308, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-12-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Monster Head - Door Ring Holder", "P'u-shou: Monster-Headed Door Ring Holder"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:56:14.189000"}, {"id": 97996, "accession_number": "1917.626", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure of Britannia, c. 1756. Made by Longton Hall Porcelain Factory (British, Staffordshire, 1749\u201360), decorated by Vauxhall Porcelain Factory (British, 1751\u20131764). Soft-paste porcelain; overall: 28 x 24.5 x 13.7 cm (11 x 9 5/8 x 5 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.626", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figure of Britannia", "creation_date": "c. 1756", "creation_date_earliest": 1750, "creation_date_latest": 1760, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Staffordshire"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 28 x 24.5 x 13.7 cm (11 x 9 5/8 x 5 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.28, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.245, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.137, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 706804, "title": "English Pottery and Porcelain, 1300-1850", "description": "<i>English Pottery and Porcelain, 1300-1850</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (January 19-February 28, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The creation of this triumphant personification of the nation was likely spurred on by Great Britain\u2019s conflict with France in the Seven Years\u2019 War (1756\u201363).", "description": "In this depiction of Britannia, the figure is surrounded by symbols of England\u2019s power and military might. On one side, she and a lion, another symbol of Britain, support a shield adorned with the Union flag. Below it lay motifs associated with war such as armor, a trumpet, and a flag. On her left, Britannia presents a medallion to the viewer as she rests her feet on a globe, a symbol of the nation\u2019s territorial aspirations. The portrait may depict the reigning king, George II (1683\u20131760), or Prince Frederick Louis (1707\u20131751), his recently deceased heir.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747145"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.626-figure-of-britannia"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p.11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n14"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. \"European Porcelains Bequeathed by Mary Warden Harkness.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>15, no. 2 (February 1928): 57-59.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced:  pp. 58-9", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137108"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.626", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_web.jpg", "width": "933", "height": "893", "filesize": "426758", "filename": "1917.626_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3255", "filesize": "5215978", "filename": "1917.626_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_full.tif", "width": "4142", "height": "3965", "filesize": "49302112", "filename": "1917.626_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "893", "filesize": "297597"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2494", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3886892"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3249", "height": "4430", "filesize": "43210908"}, "date_created": "2007-02-27T16:41:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "871", "height": "893", "filesize": "370515"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3315", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5068784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3828", "height": "3926", "filesize": "45118972"}, "date_created": "2007-02-27T17:01:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "893", "filesize": "266510"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2509", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3815752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3055", "height": "4140", "filesize": "37974032"}, "date_created": "2007-02-27T17:10:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1220", "height": "893", "filesize": "532400"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2489", "filesize": "3928038"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.626/1917.626_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5328", "height": "3900", "filesize": "62369492"}, "date_created": "2007-02-27T18:09:46", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97996, "creators": [{"id": 57145, "description": "Longton Hall Porcelain Factory (British, Staffordshire, 1749\u201360)", "extent": "made by", "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "The first porcelain factory in Staffordshire, it was run by a salt-glaze potter, William Littler, from c. 1749 to 1760 and produced both decorative and useful wares in rather heavy soft-paste similar to that of Chelsea. Dishes, sauce-boats, teapots and small tureens composed of simulated overlapping leaves were a specialty. The Longton factory closed in 1760. (Dictionary of Decorative Arts. 1977, p. 493)", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}, {"id": 343599, "description": "Vauxhall Porcelain Factory (British, 1751\u20131764)", "extent": "decorated by", "qualifier": null, "role": "decorator", "biography": "English porcelain manufactory, 1751-1764. The Vauxhall porcelain factory was run by the partnership of Nicholas Crisp, a merchant and owner of a jewelry shop in London, and John Saunders, a delftware potter.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1751", "death_year": "1764", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1756", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:17:28.044000"}, {"id": 90249, "accession_number": "2015.517", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mountain Market, Clear with Rising Mist (\uc0b0\uc2dc\uccad\ub78c\ub3c4 [\u5c71\u5e02\u6674\u5d50\u5716]), early 1500s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Hanging scroll; ink on silk; painting: 115.3 x 60 cm (45 3/8 x 23 5/8 in.); overall: 179 x 70.7 cm (70 1/2 x 27 13/16 in.); overall with knobs and cord: 181.8 x 77 cm (71 9/16 x 30 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from the Collection of George Gund III, 2015.517", "current_location": null, "title": "Mountain Market, Clear with Rising Mist", "title_in_original_language": "\uc0b0\uc2dc\uccad\ub78c\ub3c4 [\u5c71\u5e02\u6674\u5d50\u5716]", "creation_date": "early 1500s", "creation_date_earliest": 1500, "creation_date_latest": 1550, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 115.3 x 60 cm (45 3/8 x 23 5/8 in.); Overall: 179 x 70.7 cm (70 1/2 x 27 13/16 in.); Overall with knobs and cord: 181.8 x 77 cm (71 9/16 x 30 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.79, "height_inch": 70, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.707, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "painting only": {"height": 1.146, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.599, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "painting": {"height": 1.153, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.6, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "overall with knobs and cord": {"height": 1.818, "height_inch": 71, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.77, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 193115, "title": "Ink Paintings and Ash-Glazed Ceramics:  Medieval Calligraphy, Painting, and Ceramic Art from Japan and Korea", "description": "<i>Ink Paintings and Ash-Glazed Ceramics:  Medieval Calligraphy, Painting, and Ceramic Art from Japan and Korea</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 19-May 28, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-03-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 295535, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "<i>Korean Gallery 236 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 10, 2017-January 8, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 617635, "title": "From Dreaming to Hiking: Korean Landscape Paintings", "description": "<i>From Dreaming to Hiking: Korean Landscape Paintings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-September 29, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 672927, "title": "Art of the Early Joseon", "description": "<i>Art of the Early Joseon</i>. National Museum of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) (organizer) (June 9-August 31, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-06-09T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 121)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 10-July 16, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-10T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "National Palace Museum, Seoul, South Korea (September 11-October 13, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-09-11T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Andreas Leisinger, Tokyo, Japan, sold to George Gund III)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "George Gund III [1937\u20132013], bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132015", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2015\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Due to its stylistic features, this painting has long been believed to be a Chinese painting of the Northern Song period, dated to the 12th century.", "description": "This painting depicts several vignettes of the scholar-hermit\u2019s various activities. In the lower left corner, the scholar-hermit is portrayed welcoming his guest in the courtyard. In the middle section on the lower bottom, the scholar and his guest are shown encountering another traveler on the bridge and exchanging their greetings. After crossing the bridge, the scholar visits a friend who lives in a compound of multiple buildings. The two friends decide to take a short walk. Both appear in a terraced cliff, enjoying a mountain vista and the fragrance of an old pine tree carried by the gentle wind. The scholar continues his journey with his two servants. They are portrayed crossing a winding wooden bridge. Right beyond the colossal rocky mountain, a panoramic view to a bustling market place unfolds, suggesting that it may be the place where the scholar-hermit\u2019s entourage would visit. Perhaps the scholar need to buy items such as books, rolls of papers, and brushes, all essential to scholarly life. Toward the upper left corner, another group of travelers is landing on the river bank that leads to the city gate; they may be headed to the multistoried Buddhist stupa nestled on the top of the mountains.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502082"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2015.517-mountain-market-clea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ishikawa, Jun \u77f3\u5ddd\u6df3, Yoshitaka Iriya \u5165\u77e2\u7fa9\u9ad8, Yu\u0304jiro\u0304 Nakata \u4e2d\u7530\u52c7\u6b21\u90ce, and Hironobu Kohara \u53e4\u539f\u5b8f\u4f38. <em>Ko\u0304 Ko\u0304bo\u0304, Gei San, O\u0304 Mo\u0304, Go Chin</em> [\u9ec4\u516c\u671b, \u502a\u74da, \u738b\u8499, \u5449\u93ae]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304 Ko\u0304ronsha, 1979.", "page_number": "no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Suzuki, Kei. <em>Chu\u0304goku kaiga so\u0304go\u0304 zuroku</em> (Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Paintings), vol. 4 of Nihon hen: Ji'in, kojin (Japanese Collections: Temples and Private Collectors). To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ahn, Hwi-joon. \u201cThe Origin and Development of Landscape Painting in Korea.\u201d In <em>Arts of Korea</em> (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998), 294\u2013349.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Shin\u02bcichi Miyajima, and Yu\u0304ji Yamashita. <em>Ink Paintings and Ash-Glazed Ceramics: Medieval Calligraphy, Painting, and Ceramic Art from Japan and Korea</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 80\u201382", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hong, Sun-pyo. \"Understanding and Adopting Chinese Painting in 15th-and-16th-century Korean Art Scene [15\u318d16\uc138\uae30 \uc870\uc120\ud654\ub2e8\uc758 \uc911\uad6d\ud654 \uc778\uc2dd\uacfc \uc218\uc6a9\ud0dc\ub3c4]. <em>Misulsa nondan </em>(2008): 49\u201373.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01351988"}, {"citation": "Hong, Sun-pyo and Chin-sung Chang, \u201cPeace under Heaven: Confucianism and Painting in Earl Joseon Korea.\u201d In <em>Art of the Korean Renaissance, 1400-1600</em> (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009), 65\u201390.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jungmann, Burglind. \u201cSin Sukju\u2019s Record on the Painting Collection of Prince Anpyeong and Early Joseon Antiquarianism.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em> Vol. 61 (2011): 107\u2013126.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41411636?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents"}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "MCormick, Sooa Im. \u201cDwelling by a Mountain Stream: A rare Korean treasure from the George Gund II bequest.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 1 (January/February 2017): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: pp. 12\u201313", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-01/page/n5/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \u201cAcquisition Highlights 2016: Korean Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 2 (March/April 2017): 20.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-02/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"Cross-cultural Dialogues and Misattributions in Early Joseon Period Landscape Paintings.\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> 48, no. 3 (May-June 2018): 78\u201384.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78, fig.1; p. 80, fig.5; p. 83, fig. 9-11; p. 84, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"The Past and Present of the Korean Collection in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 22-37. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 31\u201332, fig. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 176\u2013179, no. 110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chang, Chin-Sung. \"The Significance of 16th-Century Korean Landscape Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 296\u2013303. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 296\u2013303, pl. 110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation. \"Support for Conservation and Use of the Korean Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 320\u2013323. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 320\u2013323, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jung-Jae Conservation Center. \"The Conservation Report on Two Korean Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: <em>Mountain Market, Clear With Rising Mist</em>.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 324\u2013333. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 324\u2013333", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Permanent Collection Installations.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> vol. 64, no. 1 (2024): 18\u201319.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-01/page/18/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\ud3b8\uc9d1 \uc591 \uc218\ubbf8 [and three others], \uad6d\ub9bd \uc911\uc559 \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00 (Korea), p\u2019y\u014fnjip Yang Su-mi [and three others], and Kungnip Chungang Pangmulgwan (Korea). \ud654\uc870\ubbf8\uac10 = \u82b1\u9ce5\u7f8e\u611f = the Sense of Beauty within Bird-and-Flower Paintings. Edited by \uc591 \uc218\ubbf8 and Su-mi Yang. S\u014ful T\u2019\u016dkpy\u014flsi: \uad6d\ub9bd \uc911\uc559 \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 184\u2013185, no. 142; Mentioned: pp. 501\u2013502", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2015.517", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.517/2015.517_web.jpg", "width": "475", "height": "900", "filesize": "163790", "filename": "2015.517_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.517/2015.517_print.jpg", "width": "1795", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1988169", "filename": "2015.517_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.517/2015.517_full.tif", "width": "8354", "height": "15823", "filesize": "396585588", "filename": "2015.517_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.517/2015.517_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "828", "height": "900", "filesize": "171560"}, "print": {"url": 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false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "This painting came into the collection mounted in a simple, one-color Japanese hanging scroll format. As part of a grant received from the Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation the scroll was sent to Korea in 2018 to be treated and remounted in a traditional Korean hanging scroll format. The painting now has outer borders of indigo dyed plain silk, inner borders of creamy white plain silk, and traditional Korean hanging scroll hardware.", "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mountain Market Clear with Rising Mist", "Landscape", "New Year Painting", "Dwelling by a Mountain Stream"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:58:59.897000"}, {"id": 94676, "accession_number": "1915.334.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seated Amitayus Buddha, c. 570s. China, Northern Qi dynasty (550\u2013577). Marble; overall: 110 x 66.1 cm (43 5/16 x 26 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Worcester R. Warner Collection, 1915.334.1", "current_location": "241B Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Seated Amitayus Buddha", "creation_date": "c. 570s", "creation_date_earliest": 550, "creation_date_latest": 590, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Northern Qi dynasty (550\u2013577)"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Southern Dynasties", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 110 x 66.1 cm (43 5/16 x 26 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.1, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.661, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Worcester R. Warner [1846\u20131929], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131915", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1915\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1915.334"], "did_you_know": "The stringlike folds of the Buddha's draperies emphasize his monumental, rigidly erect torso and tubular limbs.", "description": "Amitayus, the Buddha of Infinite Life, is seated in meditation on a double lotus pedestal. The pedestal was not made with the statue but the combination is faithful to the original artistic conception. The statue is an extremely rare example of a major type of Northern Qi Buddhist sculpture. The heavy, massive front highlights the sense of monumentality and the spiritual essence of the Buddha. <br><br>Today the sculpture is united with a pedestal that exhibits the rich, ornate style of early Tang sculpture. It was commissioned by the Duke of Liang, Fang Xuanling (578\u2013648), for the blessing of his second son and daughter-in-law, the Tang imperial princess of Gaoyang. The iconography and inscription suggest that it originally went with a statue, now missing, of Shakyamuni, the historical Buddha, instead of Amitayus.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761582"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.334.1-seated-amitayus-budd"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sizer, Theodore. \u201cA Note on Two Pieces of Chinese Sculpture in the Worcester R. Warner Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 12, no. 2 (February 1925): 23\u201326.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25; Reproduced: Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136823"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 50", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n52"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n67"}, {"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report of the Year 1958.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 46, no. 6 (June 1959): 111\u2013158.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-Kam. \u201cThree Seated Stone Buddhas.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 4 (April 1966): 83\u2013102.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 85\u201385a; Reproduced: p. 83", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152098"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.334.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.334.1/1915.334.1_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "900", "filesize": "150050", "filename": "1915.334.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.334.1/1915.334.1_print.jpg", "width": "2828", "height": 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The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(James Cohan Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2020", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Each clay piece in <em>El Manto Negro</em> was hand-burnished with a stone to an almost glass-like finish and then darkened with a traditional firing technique using smoke from burning cow manure.", "description": "To create <em>El Manto Negro</em>, Margolles collaborated with artisans in Mata Ortiz, Mexico, a region known for its ceramic work. The artisans produced thousands of square-shaped ceramic tiles, sourced from deposits at the base of Mata Ortiz\u2019s mountainous zone. Each tile represents a victim of the drug wars that are now rampant in the region; as a grid, they speak to a collective history. <em>El Manto Negro</em> presents Mata Ortiz not only as a site that has fallen prey to violence, but also as a site of artistic productivity that prevails alongside hardship.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115755067"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yablonsky, Linda, \u201cThe art world is reborn in Tribeca,\u201d <em>The Art Newspaper</em>, January 20, 2020.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2020/01/20/the-art-world-is-reborn-in-tribeca"}, {"citation": "Fateman, Johanna, \u201cTeresa Margolles,\u201d <em>4Columns</em>, January 24, 2020.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.4columns.org/fateman-johanna/teresa-margolles"}, {"citation": "Garc\u00eda, Beatriz, \u201cLas muertes violentas de Teresa Margolles, una artista mexicana en la escena del crimen,\u201d <em>Al D\u00eda</em>, February 7, 2020.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.aldianews.com/es/culture/patrimonio-e-historia/en-la-escena-del-crimen#:~:text=Las%20muertes%20violentas%20de%20Teresa%20Margolles%2C%20una%20artista,problema%20no%20son%20los%20muertos%2C%20sino%20los%20vivos."}, {"citation": "\"New Take on the New: A comprehensive reinstallation of the galleries of contemporary art offers fresh viewpoints on the art of our time.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): Cover, 4-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 6-7; Mentioned: P. 4, 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2021-02/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\"Meet Your Membership Team.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>65, no. 1 (2025): 36-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2025-01"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.64", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchased with funds donated by Scott Mueller", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paula and Eugene Stevens Gallery", "athena_id": 378931, "creators": [{"id": 378929, "description": "Teresa Margolles (Mexican, b. 1963)", "extent": "execution", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1963", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 2020, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "2020", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "<em>El Manto Negro</em> is an example of a variable artwork; the artist provided 1600 individual tiles, but the museum is permitted to determine the overall size and relative dimensions of the grid as installed. The artist provided 100 additional tiles to replace any that are damaged over time. Conservation staff worked to create customized archival storage for each of the 1600 tiles. The CMA's Collections Management and Production staff devised an innovative mounting system that allows each tile to be securely placed and adjusted to create the perfect grid pattern. This installation took the team a full week, and the artist's representatives have since adopted this mounting system for similar works in other collections.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:54:06.795000"}, {"id": 136482, "accession_number": "1960.56", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Statue of Amenemhat III, c. 1859\u20131814 BCE. Egypt, Middle Kingdom (2040\u20131648 BCE), Dynasty 12, reign of Amenemhat III (1860\u20131814 BCE). Granodiorite; overall: 51.2 x 19.8 x 18.4 cm (20 3/16 x 7 13/16 x 7 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1960.56", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Statue of Amenemhat III", "creation_date": "c. 1859\u20131814 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1859, "creation_date_latest": -1814, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Middle Kingdom (2040\u20131648 BCE), Dynasty 12, reign of Amenemhat III (1860\u20131814 BCE)"], "technique": "granodiorite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Middle Kingdom", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 51.2 x 19.8 x 18.4 cm (20 3/16 x 7 13/16 x 7 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.512, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.198, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.184, "depth_inch": 7, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. 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The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 12, 2015-January 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 521173, "title": "Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession", "description": "<i>Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession</i>. 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The heavy brows, prominent cheekbones, hollow cheeks, jutting lower jaw, and tightly bunched muscles at the corners of the mouth make a strikingly realistic impression. Not realistic, however, are the king\u2019s supersized ears. Instead, they symbolize the ruler\u2019s willingness to hear the prayers of his people. If this image had been carved in relief, the king\u2019s hands would have been uplifted in worship. Here, however, to prevent the breakage of projecting limbs, the ruler\u2019s hands are pressed flat against the front his kilt, a portion of which is looped over his belt.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740824"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.56-statue-of-amenemhat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Amenemhat III.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 47, no. 9 (1960)", "page_number": "p. 205-11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142416"}, {"citation": "<em>The Art Quarterly</em>. 23 (Autumn 1960)", "page_number": "p. 301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d October 29, 1960, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0632"}, {"citation": "Peck, William, and Francis W. Robinson. Life and Art in Ancient Egypt Detroit Institute of Arts: 9.7.-1.9.1963. 1963.", "page_number": "p. 8, cat. no. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Martha L. Carter. <em>Egyptian Art, the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 6, pl. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/EgyptianArt_80670/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Art Museum and Antiquity\" <em>Apollo </em>11, no. 22 (December 1963)", "page_number": "p. 436, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n26"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n24"}, {"citation": "Porter, Bertha, Rosalind L. B. Moss, Ethel W. Burney, Jaromir Male\u0301k, Diana Magee, Elizabeth Miles, Elizabeth Fleming, and Alison Hobby. <em>Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings</em>. Vol. II. Theban Temples 1972.", "page_number": "p. 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n33"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"Guessing the Unseen from the Seen.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 9 (1979)", "page_number": "p. 345, fig. 23", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159651"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n18"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Arielle P. Kozloff. <em>An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [The Museum], 1983.", "page_number": "p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ma\u0301lek, Jaromi\u0301r.<em> Egypt: Ancient Culture, Modern Land</em>. 1993.", "page_number": "p. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M. \"La Collection Egyptienne du Cleveland Museum of Art\" <em>Bulletin de la Socie\u0301te\u0301 franc\u0327aise d'e\u0301gyptologie (BSFE) </em>134 (October 1995)", "page_number": "p. 24, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 155-157; Reproduced: p. 155-157, color p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., \"New Look at Ancient Egypt\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 01, January 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-01/page/6"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 4, p. 9, 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vandenbeusch, Marie, Aude Semat, and Margaret Maitland. <em>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art ; London : The British Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 77, 158; Reproduced: p. 76, fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lisby, Darnell-Jamal. \u201cEgyptomania: Fashion and the funeral.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>63, no. 2 (2023): 4-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-02/page/6/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.56", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_web.jpg", "width": "470", "height": "893", "filesize": "200739", "filename": "1960.56_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_print.jpg", "width": "1790", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3362316", "filename": "1960.56_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_full.tif", "width": "2864", "height": "5440", "filesize": "46770524", "filename": "1960.56_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "583", "height": "893", "filesize": "212228"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2221", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3741345"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3554", "height": "5440", "filesize": "58031020"}, "date_created": "2007-07-19T18:35:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "608", "height": "893", "filesize": "233247"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2315", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4115123"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3636", "height": "5340", "filesize": "58278664"}, "date_created": "2007-07-19T18:47:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "596", "height": "893", "filesize": "221762"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2268", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3850593"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.56/1960.56_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3577", "height": "5362", "filesize": "57569500"}, "date_created": "2007-07-19T19:06:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136482, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-03-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1859, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1859\u20131814 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Amenemhet III"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:58:05.106000"}, {"id": 132047, "accession_number": "1954.602", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pendant: Face, 1900s. Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, possibly Baule-style goldsmith. Gold; overall: 7.6 x 5 cm (3 x 1 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1954.602", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Pendant: Face", "creation_date": "1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1954, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, possibly Baule-style goldsmith"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 7.6 x 5 cm (3 x 1 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.076, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.05, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 702986, "title": "Masks: The Many Faces of Man", "description": "<i>Masks: The Many Faces of Man</i>. Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada (organizer) (February 10-April 5, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "<i>The Imagination of Primitive Man</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 205336, "title": "Baule:  African Art/Western Eyes", "description": "<i>Baule:  African Art/Western Eyes</i>. Yale University Art Gallery (organizer) (August 30, 1997-January 4, 1998); The Art Institute of Chicago (February 14-May 10, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-08-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 221090, "title": "Baule:  African Art/Western Eyes", "description": "<i>Baule:  African Art/Western Eyes</i>. Museum for African Art, NY (September 11, 1998-January 3, 1999); National Museum of African Art, Washington, DC (February 9-May 16, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-09-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Toronto, Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, 1959, Exhibition of Masks,, February 10-April 5, 1959, cat. D-21, repr. p. 49.", "opening_date": "1959-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, University Museum, 1959:  The University of Pennsylvania, The Seven Metals of Africa, November 12, 1959-Jan. 12, 1960; the Cleveland Museum of Art, June 21-July 24, 1960, no. F-4.", "opening_date": "1960-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kansas City, MO, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, The Imagination of Primitive Man, January 18-February 25, 1962, cat. no. 31B.", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1991:  Object Lessons:  Cleveland Creates an Art Museum, June 7-September 8, 1991.", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 8/30/97 - 1/4/98.  Art Institute of Chicago, 2/14/98 - 5/19/98. NY: The Museum for African Art, 9/11/98 - 1/3/99.  Washington, DC: National Museum for African Art, 2/9/99 - 5/16/99, Baule: African Art: Western Eyes. color repr. p. 201.", "opening_date": "1997-08-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "C. G\u00e9raudel", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1951", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Nasli Heeramaneck (Galleries), New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-1954", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art by purchase", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-present", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The raised texture seen on the forehead are remains of the gating technique used to introduce molten metal into the mold during lost-wax casting and indicate that the surface was not highly finished after casting.", "description": "Cast using the lost-wax method, gold objects are the only Baule art forms associated with ancestral spirits. Usually stored in suitcases or pots, a collection of gold adornments (<em>aja</em>) are displayed on important occasions such as funerals. They are laid out around the corpse before burial as a sign of respect and their family's wealth. Faces such as this pendant are said to be idealized portraits of friends or lovers. This depiction of a man has a beard and elaborately styled hair.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761088"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.602-pendant-face"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chauvet, Stephen. \"Objets d'or, de bronze et d'ivoire dans l'art n\u00e8gre.\" Cahiers d'Art 5 (1930): 33-40, fig.15.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Drewal, Henry John. African Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989, fig.23.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 391", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n72"}, {"citation": "Plass, Margaret. <em>7 Metals of Africa: [a Traveling Exhibtion, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the City Art Museum of St. Louis, the University Museum]</em>. Philadelphia: [publisher not identified], 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 26, cat. F-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. <em>The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World.</em> Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24, cat. no. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n326"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n326"}, {"citation": "Royal Ontario Museum. <em>Masks: The Many Faces of Man : an Exhibition Presented by the Division of Art and Archaeology of the Royal Ontario Museum</em>, Toronto Canada. Toronto: The Museum, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42, cat. no. D 21; Reproduced: p. 49, cat. no. D 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, WIlliam D. \"African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>African Arts</em>. 10, no. 3. (April 1977) 16-25.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17, fig 2; mentioned: p. 19", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3335296"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 410", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n430"}, {"citation": "Vogel, Susan Mullin. <em>Baule: African Art, Western Eyes</em>. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 299; Reproduced: p. 201", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 18, p. 66 - 67", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.602", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.602/1954.602_web.jpg", "width": "598", "height": "893", "filesize": "270604", "filename": "1954.602_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.602/1954.602_print.jpg", "width": "2276", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1108541", "filename": "1954.602_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.602/1954.602_full.tif", "width": "3886", "height": "5806", "filesize": "67707416", "filename": "1954.602_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132047, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-08-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Miniature Mask"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:48:18.113000"}, {"id": 118615, "accession_number": "1939.64", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mourning Virgin from a Crucifixion Group, about 1620/40. Pearwood; overall: 31 x 9.8 x 8.7 cm (12 3/16 x 3 7/8 x 3 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1939.64", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "Mourning Virgin from a Crucifixion Group", "creation_date": "about 1620/40", "creation_date_earliest": 1620, "creation_date_latest": 1640, "artists_tags": [], "culture": [], "technique": "pearwood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 31 x 9.8 x 8.7 cm (12 3/16 x 3 7/8 x 3 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.31, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.098, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.087, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355573, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Of Wood and Stone", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Of Wood and Stone</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 15-June 2, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "<i>Paths of Abstract Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177124, "title": "Tilman Riemenschneider:  Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Tilman Riemenschneider:  Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 3, 1999-January 9, 2000); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 7-May 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Sculpture,</em> Minneapolis Institute of Arts, MN (November 1 - December 11, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-11-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Sculpture</em>, Dudley P. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (January 6 - January 31, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gothic and Renaissance Art in Nuremberg</em>, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (April 8-June 22, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-04-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Auction: Collection R. Paris, Nachlass eines Wiener Arztes, Gem\u00e4lde, Auktion in der Galerie Fischer, im Hotel National, Luzern, August 30-September 4, 1937", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Boehler & Steinmeyer, Lucerne, Switzerland, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937-1939", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Looking closely, you can see that the sculptor carved tears under Mary's eyes. They show her pain over Christ hanging on the cross.", "description": "This statuette once formed part of a Crucifixion group intended for a domestic shrine or chapel. Such ensembles were not only used for private devotion and meditation, but were also collected as works of art. This work was long attributed to the Nuremberg artist Veit Stoss. In fact, the carver imitated forms from his repertoire. However, the concave folds do not occur before 1600. The sculpture was created at a time when the appreciation for Albrecht D\u00fcrer, the most famous German painter of his time, was also experiencing a renaissance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742072"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1939.64-mourning-virgin-from"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nu\u0308rnberg, Eberhard Lutze, and Lionel H. Pries. <em>Katalog der Veit Stoss-Ausstellung im Germanischen Museum: Juni bis August, 1933</em>. [Nu\u0308rnberg]: [Germanisches Museum], 1933.", "page_number": "no. 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galerie Fischer. Collection R. Paris: Nachlass eines Wiener Arztes ... Gema\u0308lde. Luzern: Gallerie Fischer, 1937.", "page_number": "no. 320", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Karteikarte Luzern: L_10427</em>, Zentralinstitute Fur Kunstgeschichte, 1937.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://boehler.zikg.eu/wisski/navigate/180608/view"}, {"citation": "Collection R. Paris, Wien. <em>Collection R. Paris Nachlass eines Wiener Arztes : Gema\u0308lde : Auktion in der Galerie Fischer, im Hotel National, Luzern,</em> 1937. Luzern: Galerie Fischer, 1937.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Thieme, Ulrich, Felix Becker, Fred. C. Willis, and Hans Vollmer. <em>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Ku\u0308nstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart.</em> Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1907.", "page_number": "133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces of Sculpture: November 1 - December 11, 1940 </em>Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1940.", "page_number": "cat. no. 24, p 158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum\" <em>Life Magazine </em>(Sept. 20, 1943).", "page_number": "64", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em> Illustrated London News </em>(April 6, 1946).", "page_number": "p. 384", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Masterpieces of Sculpture\" <em>The Bulletin of the Minneapolis Institute of Arts</em>, 38, no. 29 (February 5, 1949).", "page_number": "no. 24.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 189", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n45"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "p. 32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward B. Henning. <em>Paths of Abstract Art.</em> 1960.", "page_number": "p. 8, cat. no. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dettloff, Szcze\u0326sny.<em> Wit Stosz</em>. Wroc\u0142aw: Zak\u0142ad Narodowy Imienia Ossolin\u0301skich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 1961.", "page_number": "vol. I, 113-114, 302; vol. 2, illls. 237-238", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n91"}, {"citation": "Lutze, Eberhard. <em>Veit Stoss</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1968.", "page_number": "51, ill. p. 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n91"}, {"citation": "Rasmussen, J\u00f6rg \"Zum kleinplastischen Werke des Veit Stoss,\" <em>Pantheon </em>34, no. 2 (1976).", "page_number": "108-109.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n97"}, {"citation": "Baxandall, Michael. <em>The Limewood Sculptors of Renaissance Germany.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "122, 126-128", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Decker, Bernhard, Herbert Beck, and Albrecht Du\u0308rer. <em>Du\u0308rers Verwandlung in der Skulptur zwischen Renaissance und Barock: Ausstellung im Liebieghaus Museum alter Plastik, Frankfurt am Main, 1. November bis 17. Januar 1982. </em>Frankfurt am Main: Das Museum, 1981.", "page_number": "200-201, fig. 53.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nu\u0308rnberg.<em> Gothic and Renaissance Art in Nuremberg, 1300-1550</em>. Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1986.", "page_number": "cat. no. 91, p. 243", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nu\u0308rnberg. <em>Gothic and Renaissance Art in Nuremberg, 1300-1550</em>. Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1986.", "page_number": "243-245; no. 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenfeld, Jo\u0308rg. <em>Die nichtpolychromierte Retabelskulptur als bildreformerisches Pha\u0308nomen im ausgehenden Mittelalter und in der beginnenden Neuzeit</em>. Ammersbek bei Hamburg: Verlag an der Lottbek, 1990.", "page_number": "149, footnote no. 434.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Riemenschneider, Tilman, Julien Chapuis, and Michael Baxandall.<em> Tilman Riemenschneider: Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages.</em> 1999.", "page_number": "cat. no. 35, pp. 297-298", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>S</em>a<em>cred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 246-247, no. 92", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 254, repr. p. 255, no. 95", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1939.64", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "893", "filesize": "282725", "filename": "1939.64_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_print.jpg", "width": "2495", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4856804", "filename": "1939.64_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_full.tif", "width": "3940", "height": "5367", "filesize": "63468044", "filename": "1939.64_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "626", "height": "893", "filesize": "282827"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2385", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4853748"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3613", "height": "5150", "filesize": "55853232"}, "date_created": "2011-07-20T12:36:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "635", "height": "893", "filesize": "268153"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2417", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4713790"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3831", "height": "5389", "filesize": "61966312"}, "date_created": "2011-07-20T12:44:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "641", "height": "893", "filesize": "262439"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2439", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4716867"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3734", "height": "5204", "filesize": "58328240"}, "date_created": "2011-07-20T12:53:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "682", "height": "893", "filesize": "282726"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2596", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5115797"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3898", "height": "5105", "filesize": "59729892"}, "date_created": "2011-07-20T13:02:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "830", "height": "893", "filesize": "377486"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3160", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6073596"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4836", "height": "5202", "filesize": "75498524"}, "date_created": "2011-07-20T13:21:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "893", "filesize": "238750"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2281", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3185512"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.64/1939.64_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3943", "height": "5877", "filesize": "69548272"}, "date_created": "2005-10-27T20:19:21", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 118615, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1939-02-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1620, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "about 1620/40", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Virgin Weeping"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:08:23.793000"}, {"id": 145999, "accession_number": "1971.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of George Pitt, First Baron Rivers, 1769. Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788). Oil on canvas; framed: 261 x 181 x 9 cm (102 3/4 x 71 1/4 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 234.3 x 154.3 cm (92 1/4 x 60 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1971.2", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of George Pitt, First Baron Rivers", "creation_date": "1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1769, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 261 x 181 x 9 cm (102 3/4 x 71 1/4 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 234.3 x 154.3 cm (92 1/4 x 60 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.61, "height_inch": 102, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.81, "width_inch": 71, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 2.343, "height_inch": 92, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.543, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1971</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228295, "title": "Vittorio Alfieri: Aristocratico Ribelle (1749-1803)", "description": "<i>Vittorio Alfieri: Aristocratico Ribelle (1749-1803)</i>. Turin State Archives, Torino, Italy (October 8, 2003-January 12, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181714, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation)", "description": "<i>CMA @ Oberlin (second rotation)</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (April 3-June 5, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1769).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Works by Old Masters (Winter Exhibition)</em>.Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1881).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>The First Hundred Years of the Royal Academy (Winter Exhibition) </em>Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1951-1952).", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "George Pitt, First Lord Rivers [1721-1803], Stratfield Saye House, Hampshire, by descent to his grandson, William Horace Pitt-Rivers, 3rd Lord Rivers", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1769-1803", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "William Horace Pitt-Rivers, 3rd Lord Rivers [1777-1831], Rushmore, Dorset, by descent to Horace, 6th Lord Rivers", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1803-1831", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Horace, 6th Lord Rivers [1814-1880], by descent to his cousin, Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1831-1880", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt [1827-1900], by descent to his grandson George Henry Lane-Fox-Pitt-Rivers", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Augustus Henry Lane Fox Pitt was the second son of Marcia Lucy [died 1822], the youngest sister of George, 2nd Lord Rivers.</div>"], "date": "1880-1900", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "George Henry Lane-Fox-Pitt-Rivers [1890-1966], Hinton St. Mary, Dorset, passed to his common-law wife Stella", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1900-1966", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Stella Pitt-Rivers, sold to E.V. Thaw", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Stella was the common-law wife of George Henry Lane-Fox-Pitt-Rivers, and later married M. Robert Maumen</div>"], "date": "1966-1970", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(E. V. Thaw, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970-1971", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gainsborough was famous for his portraits, but he especially loved painting landscapes.", "description": "Although George Pitt reputedly led a life of debauchery and was a cruel husband, Thomas Gainsborough\u2019s portrait endows him with an aura of dignity and refinement. This work was painted between Pitt\u2019s appointments as ambassador to Turin, Italy, and Madrid, Spain, but he is very much the English gentleman at home on his country estate. Gainsborough balances the deep scarlet and green facing of Pitt\u2019s military uniform with the cool, woodland landscape painted with wide, liquid brushstrokes of mauves, grays, and silvers.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471879"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.2-portrait-of-george-p"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Belsey, Hugh. <em>Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters. </em>New Haven, CT. Yale University Press, 2019. p. 712-714.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Brock-Arnold, George M. <em>Gainsborough</em>. London, United Kingdom: S. Low, Marston, Searle, &amp; Rivington, 1889.", "page_number": "p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monkhouse, Cosmo. \"Thomas Gainsborough.\" In <em>Dictionary of National Biography</em>. Leslie Stephen, ed., 361-367. New York: Macmillan, 1885.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. XX, P. 363", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Walter. <em>Gainsborough and His Place in English Art</em>. New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1898.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110-111, vol. I; Mentioned: p. 117, 201, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gower, Ronald Sutherland, Lord. <em>Thomas Gainsborough. [with Illustrations.]</em>. London: George Bell &amp; Sons, 1903.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 53", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t2k651k8g"}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Walter. <em>Gainsborough and His Place in English Art: With 48 Plates.</em> London: Heinemann, 1904.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 116, 147, 155, 277", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t0xq0fr90"}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904</em>. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 191, vol III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boulton, William Biggs. <em>Thomas Gainsborough: His Life, Work, Friends, and Sitters ... With Forty Illustrations</em>. Methuen &amp; Co: London, 1905.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 165", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t98666g77"}, {"citation": "Menpes, Mortimer, and James Greig. <em>Gainsborough</em>. London, United Kingdom: A. and C. Black, 1909.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79-80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>Century of Loan Exhibitions 1813-1912</em>. London, United Kingdom: Graves, 1913.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 384, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whitley, William T. <em>Artists and Their Friends in England, 1700-1799</em>. London, United Kingdom &amp; Boston, MA: Medici Society, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 378", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis K. \"Preliminary Check List of Portraits by Thomas Gainsborough.\" <em>The Walpole Society</em>, XXXIII (1948-50).", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, E. K. \"The Exhibition 'The First Hundred Years of The Royal Academy'.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 94, no. 587 (1952): 48-54.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 51, fig. 17", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/870794"}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. <em>Gainsborough</em>. London], United Kingdom: E. Hulton, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21, no. 577, pl. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Thomas Gainsborough, George Pitt, First Lord Rivers.\"<br>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LVIII no. 11 (November, 1971): 258-268.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 257, and details; fig. 1,7,8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d May 12, 1971, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1895"}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis. \u201cBath and Gainsborough.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine of Art &amp; Antiques</em> 98 (November 1973): 360\u201365.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 365; reproduced: P. 363, fig. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n213"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 189-191; Reproduced: p. 190", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sloman, Susan. <em>Gainsborough in Bath</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49, fig. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maggio Serra, Rosanna. <em>Vittorio Alfieri: aristocratico ribelle (1749-1803) : [Torino, Archivio di Stato, 5 ottobre 2003-11 gennaio 2004]</em>. Milano, Italy: Electa, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wiles, Stephanie, \"British Invasion\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 04, April 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-04/page/8"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hamilton, James. <em>Gainsborough: A Portrait.</em> London: Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Belsey, Hugh. <em>Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters.</em> New Haven : Published for the Paul mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 1, 4, 12, 278, 548, 712-714, cat. 770", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_web.jpg", "width": "591", "height": "900", "filesize": "232942", "filename": "1971.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_print.jpg", "width": "2234", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2065976", "filename": "1971.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_full.tif", "width": "9068", "height": "13800", "filesize": "375441880", "filename": "1971.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "900", "filesize": "227265"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2264", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2706928"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9376", "height": "14083", "filesize": "396152500"}, "date_created": "2020-02-27T10:06:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "893", "filesize": "343929"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2244", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5174254"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3642", "height": "5519", "filesize": "60334536"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T19:32:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "893", "filesize": "420527"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2430", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6022305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4614", "height": "6456", "filesize": "89398052"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T19:31:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "584", "height": "893", "filesize": "349972"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2224", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4811393"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.2/1971.2_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3271", "height": "5000", "filesize": "49088688"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 145999, "creators": [{"id": 1313, "description": "Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-02-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1769, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["George Pitt, First Lord Rivers"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:29:13.859000"}, {"id": 162323, "accession_number": "2002.55", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Le D\u00e9jeuner sur l'Herbre, 1944. Max Ernst (German, 1891\u20131976). Oil on canvas; framed: 87.3 x 171.1 x 5.7 cm (34 3/8 x 67 3/8 x 2 1/4 in.); unframed: 68 x 150 cm (26 3/4 x 59 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2002.55. \u00a9 1944  Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ ADAGP, Paris", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "Le D\u00e9jeuner sur l'Herbre", "creation_date": "1944", "creation_date_earliest": 1944, "creation_date_latest": 1944, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 87.3 x 171.1 x 5.7 cm (34 3/8 x 67 3/8 x 2 1/4 in.); Unframed: 68 x 150 cm (26 3/4 x 59 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.873, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.711, "width_inch": 67, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.057, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.68, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.5, "width_inch": 59, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 1944  Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York/ ADAGP, Paris", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and dated lower right:  max ernst 44", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 205997, "title": "Max Ernst: A Retrospective", "description": "<i>Max Ernst: A Retrospective</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 4-July 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-04-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Max Ernst</em>. Julien Levy Gallery, New York City. (April 24 - May 8, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-04-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Max Ernst: Thirty Years of his Work, A Survey</em>. Copley Galleries, Beverly Hills, CA. (January 10 - February 20, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Max Ernst</em>. Galerie Ren\u00e9 Drouin, Paris, (1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Max Ernst, A Retrospective</em>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris. (1975).", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Max Ernst: Retrospektive</em>. Haus der Kunst, Munich. (1979).", "opening_date": "1979-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Max Ernst. A Retrospective</em>. Tate Gallery, London. (1991).", "opening_date": "1991-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Surrealism: Two Private Eyes, The Nesuhi and Daniel Filipacchi Collections</em>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York. (1999).", "opening_date": "1999-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "William N. Copley, New York, acquired from the artist (1948); (Sotheby, Parke-Bernet, NY, William N. Copley Collection, Nov. 5-6, 1979, no. 51.); (Sotheby, Parke-Bernet, NY, Julien Levy Collection, Nov. 5, 1979, no. 50. ??) Daniel Filipacchi, Paris/New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Scientific analysis of this painting shows that the black background was added last.", "description": "This painting depicts the remains of a picnic on a cloth and a bottle of wine abandoned on the grass. Painted during World War II while the artist was in exile in the United States, the fish out of water has been seen as a symbol of suffering and the scene itself as a poisoned paradise. At the left Max Ernst painted a chalkboard, similar to daily specials in French restaurants. The text satirically alludes to \u00c9douard Manet\u2019s <em>Le D\u00e9jeuner sur l\u2019Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass)</em>, 1863, a painting that shocked viewers when first exhibited but later became celebrated as an early example of modern art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60478429"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Beyond Painting: And Other Writings. </em>Translated by Dorothea Tanning and Ralph Manheim. New York: Wittenborn, Schultz, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schneede, Uwe M. <em>Max Ernst. </em>Translated by R. W. Last. New York: Praeger, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183, no. 357", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Max Ernst: A Retrospective</em>. New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 198, no. 205", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Quinn, Edward. <em>Max Ernst</em>. Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241, no. 283", "url": null}, {"citation": "Werner Spies, ed. <em>Max Ernst: Retrospektive 1979: [Ausstellung, Haus Der Kunst Mu\u0308Nchen 17. Februar Bis 29. April 1979, Nationalgalerie Berlin 10. Mai Bis 15. Juli 1979]: Katalog. </em>Mu\u0308nchen: Prestel-Verlag, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 321, no. 274", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gimferrer, Pere. <em>Max Ernst</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126; Reproduced: no. 111", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spies, Werner, Sigrid Metken, and Gu\u0308nter Metken. <em>Max Ernst: Werke 1939-195</em>3. Houston Texas, Ko\u0308ln: Menil Foundation; M. DuMont Schauberg, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82; Reproduced: no. 2459", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Werner Spies, ed. <em>Max Ernst, a Retrospective.</em> London: Tate Gallery in association with Prestel, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 240, no. 212", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Derenthal, Ludger, and Ju\u0308rgen Pech.<em> Max Ernst.</em> [Paris]: Nouvelles e\u0301ditions franc\u0327aises, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 211, ill. 348", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turpin, Ian, and Julian Stallabrass. <em>Ernst.</em> 2nd ed., rev. and enl. London: Phaidon Books, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 106-107, no. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weisberger, Edward, and Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. <em>Surrealism, Two Private Eyes: The Nesuhi Ertegun and Daniel Filipacchi Collections. </em>New York, N.Y.: Guggenheim Museum: Hardcover edition distributed by Harry N. Abrams, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144-145, no. 84, Vol. I", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMax Ernst Painting Featured Among Cleveland Museum of Art\u2019s New Acquisitions,\u201d June 25, 2002, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4457"}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., and Margaret Burgess. \"Luncheon with Max.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 43, no. 1 (January 2003): 4-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-01/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Spies, Werner, Sabine Rewald, and Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). Max Ernst : A Retrospective. New York, New Haven: Metropolitan Museum of Art ; Yale University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 247, no. 143", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Russell, John. <em>Max Ernst: Life and Work.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 88; Mentioned: p. 347", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2002.55", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162323, "creators": [{"id": 8694, "description": "Max Ernst (German, 1891\u20131976)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1891", "death_year": "1976", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2002-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1944, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1944", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Luncheon on the Grass"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:24.059000"}, {"id": 140001, "accession_number": "1963.673", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Imperial Red Cross Easter Egg, 1915. Peter Carl Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1846\u20131920), Henrik Wigstr\u00f6m (Russian, 1862\u20131923), House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Gold, silver gilt, enamel, glass, ivory; overall: 8.6 x 6.4 cm (3 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1963.673", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Imperial Red Cross Easter Egg", "creation_date": "1915", "creation_date_earliest": 1915, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "gold, silver gilt, enamel, glass, ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 8.6 x 6.4 cm (3 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.086, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.064, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed on interior of egg:  symbols for Alpha and Omega and imperial crown for Alexandra Feodorovna; 1915; inscriptions in Cyrillic, Old Church Slavonic, and Roman letters which identify Sts. Olga and Tatiana and presumably describe the central scene of the triptych.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Inscribed on silk velvet and satin lined case:  double-headed eagle, Faberg\u00e9, Petersburg, Moscow, London (all in Cyrillic on lining of case); 17.559, abbreviation for \"Red Cross\" (in Cyrillic in red ink on outside of case).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Hallmarks: 72, Kokoshnik, lower case alpha in script [assay mark of St. Petersburg, 1908-26]; H.W. [initials of workmaster Henrik Wigstr\u00f6m]; Faberg\u00e9 (in Cyrillic).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 520786, "title": "The Art of Carl Faberge", "description": "<i>The Art of Carl Faberge</i>. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (August 10-September 27, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-08-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443609, "title": "Faberge 1846 - 1920", "description": "<i>Faberge 1846 - 1920</i>. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (June 23-October 23, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "<i>Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441346, "title": "Faberge, Imperial Jeweler", "description": "<i>Faberge, Imperial Jeweler</i>. St. George Hall of the Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (June 18-August 15, 1993); Mus\u00e9e des arts D\u00e9coratifs, Paris, France (September 24, 1993-January 2, 1994); Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 26-April 10, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-06-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211192, "title": "Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop</i>. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 8-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 231725, "title": "From Rublev to Faberg\u00e9: The Journey of Russian Art and Culture to America", "description": "<i>From Rublev to Faberg\u00e9: The Journey of Russian Art and Culture to America</i>. Museum & Gallery at Heritage Green, Greenville, SC (October 21, 2011-January 29, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 174850, "title": "Faberg\u00e9: Designing Luxury, from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9: Designing Luxury, from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 13, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 307265, "title": "The Last Tsar: Blood and Revolution", "description": "<i>The Last Tsar: Blood and Revolution</i>. Science Museum, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 20, 2018-March 24, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 402955, "title": "Faberg\u00e9: Romance to Revolution", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9: Romance to Revolution</i>. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 20, 2021-May 8, 2022) https://www.vam.ac.uk/exhibitions/faberge.", "opening_date": "2021-11-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1963", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This egg was confiscated by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution and sold by the government of Josef Stalin in the 1930s to raise money for the Soviet treasury.", "description": "The House of Faberg\u00e9 made two imperial Easter eggs in 1915 that honored the contributions of Tsarina Alexandra and her two eldest daughters, Olga and Tatiana, to the war effort as Red Cross Sisters of Mercy. Compared to other Faberg\u00e9 eggs elaborately ornamented with jewels, the eggs reflected the mood of austerity in Russia during World War I. This version becomes an icon when opened, revealing miniatures of the patron saints of the tsarina\u2019s daughters. After the Russian Revolution, this relic of the Tsarist past was sold by the Soviet government to raise needed cash for the treasury.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2186008"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.673-imperial-red-cross-e"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, cat. 11; Reproduced: p. 31.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry.<em> Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 23, 96-98, 115, cat. 99, 124; Reproduced: pp. 97, 115.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Tillander-Godenhielm, Ulla, and Peter Carl Faberge\u0301. <em>Faberge\u0301: ja ha\u0308nen suomalaiset mestarinsa</em>. Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtio\u0308 Tammi, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 216-217.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/317629230"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 53-54, 177; Reproduced: pp. 55, 177; p. 328 cat. 62.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann.<em> Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with London: Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 300-301.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/813973055"}, {"citation": "McFerrin, Dorothy and Tatiana. <em>Faberge\u0301. From a Snowflake to an Iceberg: The McFerrin Collection</em>. Houston, TX: McFerrin Foundation, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/946091271"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 147", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/857403600"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.673", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "624", "filesize": "156248", "filename": "1963.673_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2356", "filesize": "1155203", "filename": "1963.673_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_full.tif", "width": "12742", "height": "8830", "filesize": "337563060", "filename": "1963.673_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "889", "height": "900", "filesize": "193426"}, 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{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt10_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "472509"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt10_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3668671"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt10_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66617392"}, "date_created": "2007-07-24T13:54:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt11_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "376437"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt11_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "3281749"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt11_full.tif", "width": "4908", "height": "3926", "filesize": "57838280"}, "date_created": "2007-07-23T18:00:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt12_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "539864"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt12_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "4086330"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.673/1963.673_alt12_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66617420"}, "date_created": "2007-07-23T18:40:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "5581861292264aaab2220a9706351149", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/5581861292264aaab2220a9706351149", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140001, "creators": [{"id": 5366, "description": "Peter Carl Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1846\u20131920)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": "Supplied most of the gifts exchanged by relatives of the imperial family in Russia, Denmark, Germany, and England for christenings, name days, birthdays, Christmas, and Easter.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1846", "death_year": "1920", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 8891, "description": "Henrik Wigstr\u00f6m (Russian, 1862\u20131923)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "workmaster", "biography": "Workmaster for the House of Faberge based in St. Petersburg, Russia. Responsible for many of the imperial Easter eggs as well as enameled accessories and jewelry.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1862", "death_year": "1923", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-02-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1915, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:18.748000"}, {"id": 150156, "accession_number": "1980.74", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tea and Coffee Service, c. 1907. Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940), Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937). Gilt silver and ivory. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection, 1980.74", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Tea and Coffee Service", "creation_date": "c. 1907", "creation_date_earliest": 1902, "creation_date_latest": 1912, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "gilt silver and ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1980</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310102, "title": "Art Nouveau in France", "description": "<i>Art Nouveau in France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 12-November 27, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-07-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Galerie Hebrard, Paris, France (1907).", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna, Turin, Italy (May 10-November 10, 1902).", "opening_date": "1902-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Carlo Bugatti [1856-1940], sold to Mrs. Anna Blake", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1907", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Anna Blake, Cape Town, South Africa. [d. 1956], by descent to her son Robert da Costa Blake", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1907-c. 1956", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Robert da Costa Blake, Cape Town, South Africa, sold (Kirkcaldzs, Cape Town, South Africa, 24 May 1965, lot 34)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1956-1965", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection, South Africa, sold (Martin-Forest, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Martin-Forest, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 156112, "description": "Tea Table, c. 1907. Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940). Inlaid wood (mahogany?), cast and gilded bronze mounts, inlays of ivory or bone, metal, and mother-of-pearl (marine mussels or pearl oysters); overall: 71.5 x 67.1 x 41.3 cm (28 1/8 x 26 7/16 x 16 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1991.45", "relationship": null}, {"id": 156113, "description": "Salver, c. 1907. Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940), Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937). Gilt silver and ivory; overall: 14.6 x 33 cm (5 3/4 x 13 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1991.46", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Carlo Bugatti's sons achieved illustrious careers of their own. Rembrandt Bugatti (1884-1916) became a celebrated sculptor, and Ettore Bugatti (1881-1947) manufactured luxurious automobiles and racing cars.", "description": "This tea and coffee service, salver, and table, together with some now missing cups, were all designed by Carlo Bugatti as an ensemble and presented at the 1902 exposition devoted to decorative arts in Turin, Italy. The set was probably acquired from Bugatti's 1907 exhibition at the Galerie H\u00e9brard in Paris by a wealthy South African widow, Anna Blake, who was living there at the time. Some of the animal and insect motifs suggest mythical beasts or the fossils of prehistoric animals. When Mrs. Blake returned to Cape Town, she took these and other pieces designed by Bugatti with her, and they remained in South Africa throughout her lifetime.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758265"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.74-tea-and-coffee-servi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 24-5", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=9111934"}, {"citation": "Duncan, J. Alastair. \"The Silver of Carlo Bugatti,\" <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>136, no. 6, (December 1989): 1344-55.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=item-global&doc_library=CMA01&doc_number=000001278&year=&volume=&sub_library=CMA"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 82", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Some Furniture and Silver of Carlo Bugatti.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 5 (May 1992): 130-43.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136-37; Mentioned: p. 136-41", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25161359"}, {"citation": "Duncan, Alastair. <em>The Paris Salons, 1895-1914</em>. Vol. 5 of <em>Objets d'Art and Metalware</em>. Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced P 157", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=31823650"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Bugatti</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced P 26, cat. no. 41, fig. 37", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=41002835"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley.<em> Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 55-6", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=50820863"}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay. <em>Carlo Bugatti. </em>Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced P 39, cat. no. 137", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=full-set-set&set_number=000221&set_entry=000002&format=999"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned PP 35, 40, 324-5, reproduced PP 36 & 57, cat. no 10", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=230187932"}, {"citation": "Fromanger, Ve\u0301ronique. <em>Rembrandt Bugatti Sculpteur: Re\u0301pertoire Monographique</em>. Paris: L'Amateur, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 8, fig. 69", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=537862059"}, {"citation": "Pin\u0303a, Leslie A. <em>Furniture in History, 3000 B.C.-2000 A.D.</em> Boston: Prentice Hall, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 30", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=268788668"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 294-5", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=813973055"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 144", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fromanger, Ve\u0301ronique and Carla Briner. <em>Rembrandt Bugatti, Sculptor: Re\u0301pertoire Monographique: A Meteoric Rise</em>. Paris: Les \u00c9ditions de l\u2019Amateur, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 20", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=949868383"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.74", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74/1980.74_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "553", "filesize": "107875", "filename": "1980.74_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74/1980.74_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2089", "filesize": "949497", "filename": "1980.74_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74/1980.74_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3072", "filesize": "46126400", "filename": "1980.74_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "b23e00397d484d78946c5e814d08d449", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/b23e00397d484d78946c5e814d08d449", "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 150156, "creators": [{"id": 15830, "description": "Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": "active in France after c. 1902.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1856", "death_year": "1940", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 15899, "description": "Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1866", "death_year": "1937", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-09-09T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1902, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1907", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:01.689000"}, {"id": 127472, "accession_number": "1950.154", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Leaf from a Greek Psalter and New Testament, 1084. Byzantium, Constantinople. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; sheet: 16.3 x 10.9 cm (6 7/16 x 4 5/16 in.); framed: 44.5 x 34.3 cm (17 1/2 x 13 1/2 in.); matted: 40.6 x 30.5 cm (16 x 12 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1950.154", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Leaf from a Greek Psalter and New Testament", "creation_date": "1084", "creation_date_earliest": 1079, "creation_date_latest": 1089, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Constantinople"], "technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on vellum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Sheet: 16.3 x 10.9 cm (6 7/16 x 4 5/16 in.); Framed: 44.5 x 34.3 cm (17 1/2 x 13 1/2 in.); Matted: 40.6 x 30.5 cm (16 x 12 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.163, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.109, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "framed": {"height": 0.445, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.343, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "matted": {"height": 0.406, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.305, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 700123, "title": "Liturgical Arts", "description": "<i>Liturgical Arts</i>. Chapman Gallery at Milwaukee-Downer College, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (March 1-31, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 358594, "title": "Byzantine Manuscript Illumination", "description": "<i>Byzantine Manuscript Illumination</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum.", "opening_date": "1957-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445224, "title": "Greek and Byzantine Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Greek and Byzantine Manuscripts</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (April 13-May 20, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311502, "title": "The Decorated Letter and the Illuminator's Art", "description": "<i>The Decorated Letter and the Illuminator's Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25-December 19, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211519, "title": "The Glory of Byzantium", "description": "<i>The Glory of Byzantium</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3-July 6, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition of Byzantine and Medieval Art, The Mint Museum, Charlotte, NC, (September 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Greek Manuscripts from American Collections: An Exhibition in Honor of Kurt Weitzmann, Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, (1973).", "opening_date": "1973-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Vladimir G. Simkhovitch, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1950", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Imported illuminated manuscripts were important in spreading the Byzantine style throughout Western Europe.", "description": "Covering half the page of this leaf is a miniature representing the Apostle Peter. Below are 13 lines of Greek text introduced by the Greek letter<em> pi</em> which is created by figures of Christ and Saint Peter. The leaf comes from a combined psalter (book of sacred songs) and the New Testament. In its design, it shows close parallels with examples that were created in Constantinople workshops.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780871"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.154-leaf-from-a-greek-ps"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lambros, Spyr. P. Catalogue of the Greek Manuscripts on Mount Athos. Cambridge: Univ. Pr, 1900.", "page_number": "p. 98, no. 1083", "url": null}, {"citation": "Capps, Edward Jr. \"Byzantine Manuscript Illumination.\" <em>AllenMemorial Art Museum Bulletin</em> XV (Winter 1958)", "page_number": "p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumbarton Oaks. Dumbarton Oaks Papers. Number Nineteen. Number Nineteen. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1965.", "page_number": "pp. 155-183 fig. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt. Studies in Classical and Byzantine Manuscript Illumination. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 277 & 280", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lionnais, Fran\u00e7ois le. \"La Chronique des Arts.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> (October, 1973)", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Der Nersessian, Sirarpie. E\u0301tudes Byzantines Et Arme\u0301niennes. Byzantine and Armenian Studies. Louvain: Impr. orientaliste, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 139 (vol.1), p. 30 (vol. 2)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Evans, Helen C., and William D. Wixom. The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morey, C.R. \u201cThe Sources of Medieval Style\u201d<em> Art Bulletin, </em>VII (December 1924)", "page_number": "p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt. Illustrations in Roll and Codex; A Study of the Origin and Method of Text Illustration. Princeton [N.J.]: Princeton University Press, 1970.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt. \u201cThe Constantinopolitan Lectionary.\u201d <em>Studies in Art and Literature for Belle da Costa Greene</em> (1954)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Dalton, O. M. Byzantine Art and Archaeology. Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1911.", "page_number": "p. 467-68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Campbell, Thomas P. Tapestry in the Renaissance: Art and Magnificence. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 111, Cat. No. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenwein, Barbara H. Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World. 2014.", "page_number": "Cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 82", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n29"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n64"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n62"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n62"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.154", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.154/1950.154_web.jpg", "width": "597", "height": "893", "filesize": "118769", "filename": "1950.154_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.154/1950.154_print.jpg", "width": "2274", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1329662", "filename": "1950.154_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.154/1950.154_full.tif", "width": "4540", "height": "6787", "filesize": "92465728", "filename": "1950.154_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.154/1950.154_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "585", "height": "893", "filesize": "491035"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.154/1950.154_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1341", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2483931"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.154/1950.154_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1341", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8242020"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Robert P. Bergman Memorial Gallery", "athena_id": 127472, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-06-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1079, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1084", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Manuscript Leaf with St. Peter"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:33:46.594000"}, {"id": 153619, "accession_number": "1987.147", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ganesha, 600s. Southern Cambodia or Vietnam. Sandstone; overall: 122 x 58.7 x 23.8 cm (48 1/16 x 23 1/8 x 9 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1987.147", "current_location": "243 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Ganesha", "creation_date": "600s", "creation_date_earliest": 600, "creation_date_latest": 699, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern Cambodia or Vietnam"], "technique": "sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Cambodian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 122 x 58.7 x 23.8 cm (48 1/16 x 23 1/8 x 9 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.22, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.587, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.238, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1987</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 676976, "title": "Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d", "description": "<i>Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 12, 2024-November 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Adrian Maynard Oriental Art, London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131987", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ganesha wears a short sampot held by a narrow belt.", "description": "Among the first Hindu deities to be venerated in the form of a large-scale stone sculpture in Southeast Asia, Ganesha presides over obstacles, either creating or removing them. At the beginning of any endeavor, to assure its success, worshipers affectionately offer him prayers and food, such as the sweet cakes and radish he enjoys in this sculpture.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79939585"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.147-ganesha"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1987.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 2 (1988): 30\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 202, pp. 32 and 71; Reproduced: no. 202, p. 35", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160017"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.147", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.147/1987.147_web.jpg", "width": "543", "height": "893", "filesize": "253499", "filename": "1987.147_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.147/1987.147_print.jpg", "width": "2067", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3631965", "filename": "1987.147_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.147/1987.147_full.tif", "width": "2982", "height": "4904", "filesize": "43892708", "filename": "1987.147_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.147/1987.147_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "577", "height": "893", "filesize": "294042"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.147/1987.147_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2197", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4027985"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.147/1987.147_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3174", "height": "4912", "filesize": "46794056"}, "date_created": "2006-05-31T18:22:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153619, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-11-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 600, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "600s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:56:07.660000"}, {"id": 108857, "accession_number": "1926.533", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Royal Carpet with Silk and Metal Thread, 1600\u20131625. Iran, Isfahan, Safavid period (1501-1722). Cotton: warp; cotton and silk: wefts; silk: pile, asymmetrical knot; gilt- and silver-metal thread: brocaded; overall: 236.2 x 143.5 cm (93 x 56 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1926.533", "current_location": null, "title": "Royal Carpet with Silk and Metal Thread", "creation_date": "1600\u20131625", "creation_date_earliest": 1600, "creation_date_latest": 1625, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Isfahan, Safavid period (1501-1722)"], "technique": "Cotton: warp; cotton and silk: wefts; silk: pile, asymmetrical knot; gilt- and silver-metal thread: brocaded", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Carpet", "measurements": "Overall: 236.2 x 143.5 cm (93 x 56 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.362, "height_inch": 93, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.435, "width_inch": 56, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 445600, "title": "Islamic Art", "description": "<i>Islamic Art</i>. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (organizer) (June 15-October 1, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 455362, "title": "Arts of Islam", "description": "<i>Arts of Islam</i>. Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (April 8-July 4, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 437861, "title": "Islamic Gallery 206 Rotation", "description": "<i>Islamic Gallery 206 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 22, 2002-March 5, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-08-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380793, "title": "Islamic art rotation", "description": "<i>Islamic art rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 3, 2012-December 9, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-12-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Islamic Art</em>. De Young Museum, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 24-March 22, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-02-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic Art Across the World: An Exhibition Prepared by Theodore Bowie in Partial Celebration of the 150th Anniversary of Indiana University</em>. Sidney and Lois Eskenazi Museum of Art, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN (June 18-October 1, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-06-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Arts of Islam</em>. The Arts Council of Great Britain, Hayward Gallery, London, UK (April 8-July 4, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "formerly in Chorherrenstift Voran, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Mario Veneziani, Rome, Italy, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1926", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "16th- and 17th-century Iranian carpets with silk and metal thread were mistakenly called \"Polish,\" based on one displayed in the Polish exhibit at the Paris World Fair in 1878.", "description": "The Safavid dynasty was the greatest dynasty from Iran in the Islamic period. Similarly, woven textiles and carpets from this period are some of the best produced in the region. Royal workshops produced luxurious textiles, like this one, to furnish the royal court. Expertly woven silks were highly prized by the Iranian elite but were also produced for export to the European aristocracy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80000690"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.533-royal-carpet-with-si"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Underhill, Gertrude and William M. Milliken. \"A \"Polish\" Rug in the J. H. Wade Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 14, no. 4 (1927): 54-56.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 54-56", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137018"}, {"citation": "Hall, Helen B. 1937. \u201cExhibition of Islamic Art, San Francisco, 1937.\u201d <em>Ars Islamica</em> 4: 484\u201398.", "page_number": "fig. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 217", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n241"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 217", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n241"}, {"citation": "Jones, Dalu and George Michell. <em>The Arts of Islam: Hayward Gallery, 8 April-4 July 1976</em>. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 102, no. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n294"}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. \"Woven Treasures.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 6 (November/December 2012): 12.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-06/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Strong, Meghan E. \u201cArt of the Islamic World.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 3 (Summer 2021): 28-30.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 28.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.533", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.533/1926.533_web.jpg", "width": "588", "height": "893", "filesize": "157135", "filename": "1926.533_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.533/1926.533_print.jpg", "width": "2239", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3489317", "filename": "1926.533_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.533/1926.533_full.tif", "width": "3562", "height": "5408", "filesize": "57843896", "filename": "1926.533_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.533/1926.533_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "1060274"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.533/1926.533_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2267", "filesize": "3824035"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.533/1926.533_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "4096", "filesize": "75518548"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T21:14:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.533/1926.533_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "601", "height": "900", "filesize": "488780"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.533/1926.533_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2271", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4980531"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.533/1926.533_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2932", "height": "4389", "filesize": "38631780"}, "date_created": "2002-05-17T19:16:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108857, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-11-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1600, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1600\u20131625", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:16.974000"}, {"id": 151971, "accession_number": "1984.43", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Susuki Grass (\u8292\u91ce\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), c. 1525. Japan, Muromachi period (1392\u20131573). Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper; overall: 150.3 x 348.8 cm (59 3/16 x 137 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1984.43", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "Susuki Grass", "title_in_original_language": "\u8292\u91ce\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "c. 1525", "creation_date_earliest": 1500, "creation_date_latest": 1550, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Muromachi period (1392\u20131573)"], "technique": "Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 150.3 x 348.8 cm (59 3/16 x 137 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.503, "height_inch": 59, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 3.488, "width_inch": 137, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1984</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310026, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "<i>Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1987-January 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310241, "title": "Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615)", "description": "<i>Autumn Grasses: Arts of the Momoyama Period (1573-1615)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4-December 11, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310278, "title": "Rimpa Painting", "description": "<i>Rimpa Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311469, "title": "The Triumph of Japanese Style: 16th Century Art in Japan", "description": "<i>The Triumph of Japanese Style: 16th Century Art in Japan</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19-December 1, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 223879, "title": "Monet & Japan", "description": "<i>Monet & Japan</i>. National Gallery of Australia, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia (organizer) (March 10-June 11, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206163, "title": "Turning Point: Oribe and the Arts of Sixteenth-Century Japan", "description": "<i>Turning Point: Oribe and the Arts of Sixteenth-Century Japan</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 21, 2003-January 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 311658, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 7-July 8, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-01-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Eastern Fine Arts, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131984", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1984\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The botanical name for susuki grass is miscanthus.", "description": "<em>Susuki</em> grass has a seasonal association with autumn in the Japanese visual and literary tradition. It is one of the \u201cSeven Flowers of Autumn,\u201d along with bush clover, arrowroot, pink, <em>patrinia</em>, mistflower, and bellflower. This composition immerses the beholder in a field of grasses and golden bands of mist. The design may have served as a backdrop for poems brushed in ink on decorated papers and attached to the surface of the screens, a practice with a long tradition in Japan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475316"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.43-susuki-grass"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1984.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 2 (April 1985): 163\u2013207.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181; Mentioned: p. 207, no. 171", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159897"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. <em>The Triumph of Japanese Style: 16th-Century Art in Japan.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with the Indiana University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 38-39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bromfield, David. <em>Monet &amp; Japan</em>. Canberra: National Gallery of Australia, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 122, pp. 166\u2013167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. <em>Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 10-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \"Letter to the Editor.\"<em> Impressions</em> 34 (2013): 261\u2013264.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, p. 263", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 27, p. 82-83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sakomura, Tomoko. <em>Poetry As Image: The Visual Culture of Waka in Sixteenth-Century Japan. </em>Leiden: Brill, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 22-23, fig.12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Longhi, Leighton R. <em>Leighton R. Longhi: Forty-Five Years in Asian Art</em>. [New York, N.Y.]: Leighton R. Longhi, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 96\u201397, fig. 74", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.43", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "860", "filesize": "305160", "filename": "1984.43_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3250", "filesize": "3050626", "filename": "1984.43_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_full.tif", "width": "26622", "height": "25446", "filesize": "2032306720", "filename": "1984.43_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "212", "filesize": "115218"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "799", "filesize": "893501"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_alt0_full.tif", "width": "52179", "height": "12260", "filesize": "1919175368"}, "date_created": "2025-10-01T13:26:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "410", "filesize": "149194"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1549", "filesize": "1343397"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_alt1_full.tif", "width": "16859", "height": "7682", "filesize": "388572676"}, "date_created": "2012-11-29T20:24:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "836", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3160", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.43/1984.43_alt2_full.tif", "width": "16859", "height": "15669", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2012-11-29T20:37:06", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151971, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-05-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1525", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pampas Grasses"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:50:46.457000"}, {"id": 119014, "accession_number": "1940.1200", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mirror Case with a Couple Playing Chess, 1325\u201350. France, Paris. Ivory; diameter: 10.2 x 1 cm (4 x 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1940.1200", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Mirror Case with a Couple Playing Chess", "creation_date": "1325\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1325, "creation_date_latest": 1350, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Ivory", "measurements": "Diameter: 10.2 x 1 cm (4 x 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.102, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.01, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 702959, "title": "Late Medieval Art", "description": "<i>Late Medieval Art</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 31-November 26, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-10-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 174805, "title": "Images in Ivory:  Precious Objects from the Gothic Age", "description": "<i>Images in Ivory:  Precious Objects from the Gothic Age</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts (organizer) (March 7-May 11, 1997); The Walters Art Museum (June 21-August 31, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203147, "title": "Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain", "description": "<i>Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2016-February 26, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Columbus, Ohio, Ohio State University, \"Late Medieval Art,\" October 31-November 26, 1958, cat. p. 8, no. 1.", "opening_date": "1958-10-31T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Chess was a wildly popular pastime among the nobility, and was also an important element in medieval romantic literature. Who do you think is winning this game?", "description": "During the 1300s, elephant ivory was valued by courtly patrons as the most exquisite material for indicating the human form. At this time Paris was the center of production for luxury ivories like the example seen here. They were <br>much sought after by members of the court and aristocracy as emblems of wealth and status and signifiers of fashion and taste. This ivory, once forming a mirror back, depicts a man and woman engaged in a game of chess, a popular game at the time representing both love and war in medieval iconography. Various suggestions have been proposed for the identity of the couple\u2014Tristan and Iseult or Lancelot and Guinevere\u2014without certainty. Mirror backs survive in large numbers from the 1300s and typically depict amorous encounters or chivalrous behavior. They were produced for a secular clientele steeped in romantic literature and with an appetite for luxury objects.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760219"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.1200-mirror-case-with-a-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Longhurst, M.H. \"The Eumorfopoulos Collection, Western Objects, II\" <em>Apollo</em> 3 (May, 1926).", "page_number": "p. 262", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brochard, Maud. \u201cLes ivoires profanes parisiens du XIVe si\u00e8cle: Artisanat du luxe et objets du quotidien.\u201d In <em>Gothic Ivories between Luxury and Crisis</em>, edited by Manuela Studer-Karlen, pp. 33\u201355. Schweiz: Schwabe Verlag, 2024.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.schwabeonline.ch/schwabe-xaveropp/elibrary/start.xav?qn=%24%24%24OpenURL%24%24%24&id=doi%3A10.24894%2F978-3-7965-5188-8#__elibrary__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27978-3-7965-5188-8_productpage%27%5D__1730380523868"}, {"citation": "Studer-Karlen, Manuela. \u201cLes valves de miroir sculpt\u00e9es sur ivoire et la client\u00e8le f\u00e9minine.\u201d In <em>Gothic Ivories between Luxury and Crisis</em>, edited by Manuela Studer-Karlen, pp. 203\u2013224. Schweiz: Schwabe Verlag, 2024.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.schwabeonline.ch/schwabe-xaveropp/elibrary/start.xav?qn=%24%24%24OpenURL%24%24%24&id=doi%3A10.24894%2F978-3-7965-5188-8#__elibrary__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27978-3-7965-5188-8_productpage%27%5D__1730380523868"}, {"citation": "Burlington Fine Arts Club, and Lessing J. Rosenwald Reference Collection (Library of Congress).<em> Catalogue of an Exhibition of Carvings in Ivory</em>. London: Priv. Print. for the Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1923.", "page_number": "no. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burlington Fine Arts Club, and J. G. Mann<em>. Catalogue of an Exhibition of Gothic Art in Europe (C. 1200-C. 1500). </em>London: Priv. Print. for the Burlington fine arts club, 1936.", "page_number": "no. 109, pl. XXV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williamson, George Charles. <em>The Book of Ivory. L</em>ondon: F. Muller, 1938.", "page_number": "p. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cheney, Thomas L. \"A French Ivory Mirror-Back of the Fourteenth Century.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 28, no. 8 (1941).", "page_number": "pp. 124-5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140943"}, {"citation": "<em>Art News</em> (November 15-30, 1941).", "page_number": "p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cheney, Thomas L. \"A French Ivory Mirror-Back fo the Fourteenth Century,\" <em>Art Quarterly</em> (Autumn 1941).", "page_number": "pp. 333, 340-1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France. </em>[Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 206-207; cat.no. V-18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance"}, {"citation": "Morewedge, Rosmarie Thee. <em>The Role of Woman in the Middle Ages: Papers of the Sixth Annual Conference of the Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton, 6-7 May 1972. </em>Albany: State University of New York Press, 1975.", "page_number": "pp. 139-41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wack, Mary Frances.<em> Lovesickness in the Middle Ages: The Viaticum and Its Commentaries</em>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 69, fig. 3.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Randall, Richard H.<em> The Golden Age of Ivory: Gothic Carvings in North American Collections</em>. New York: Hudson Hills Press, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 123, cat. no. 184", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barnet, Peter. <em>Images in Ivory: Precious Objects of the Gothic Age</em>. Detroit, MI: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 232-233", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Front Matter.\" <em>Speculum</em> 78, no. 2 (2003).", "page_number": "cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20060635"}, {"citation": "Dressler, Rachel Ann. <em>Of Armor and Men in Medieval England: The Chivalric Rhetoric of Three English Knights' Effigies. </em>Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2004.", "page_number": "fig. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. 66, p. 186", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 202-2, no. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lam, Lylan. \"Les vavles de miroir gothiques: sources litt\u00e9raires et iconographie\" in <em>Zeitschrift fur Kunstgeschichte</em> vol. 74, No. 3 (2011).", "page_number": "pp. 306-9, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lowden, John, and Alexandra Gerstein.<em> Medieval and Later Ivories in the Courtauld Gallery: Complete Catalogue. </em>2013.", "page_number": "p. 134, fig. 1.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 142-145; Reproduced: p. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chiesi, Benedetta. \"Avori Gotici.\" In <em>Gli Avori del Museo Nazionale del Bargello</em>, 199 -332. Ilaria Ciseri, et.al. Milano,Italia: Officina libraria, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; p. 297", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kopp, V. &amp; E. Lapina, \"Games and Visual Culture in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance\". <em>Studies in the History of Daily Life (800-1600) V</em>olume 8, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2020.", "page_number": "pp. 221-23, 225, 230-31", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.1200", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1200/1940.1200_web.jpg", "width": "895", "height": "893", "filesize": "406756", "filename": "1940.1200_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1200/1940.1200_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3391", "filesize": "5099338", "filename": "1940.1200_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1200/1940.1200_full.tif", "width": "3582", "height": "3573", "filesize": "38428804", "filename": "1940.1200_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1200/1940.1200_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "879", "height": "893", "filesize": "433574"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1200/1940.1200_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3346", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5368391"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1200/1940.1200_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3395", "height": "3450", "filesize": "35170648"}, "date_created": "2007-02-27T15:28:48", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119014, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1325, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1325\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:09:11.101000"}, {"id": 439542, "accession_number": "1950.86.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Buddha of the Future (Miroku Bosatsu) (\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u85a9\u50cf), late 600s. Japan, Asuka period (538\u2013710). Cast bronze, incised, with traces of gilding; figure: 39.4 cm (15 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1950.86.a", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Buddha of the Future (Miroku Bosatsu)", "title_in_original_language": "\u5f25\u52d2\u83e9\u85a9\u50cf", "creation_date": "late 600s", "creation_date_earliest": 675, "creation_date_latest": 699, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Asuka period (538\u2013710)"], "technique": "cast bronze, incised, with traces of gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Figure: 39.4 cm (15 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"figure": {"height": 0.394, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 702560, "title": "Asia and the West", "description": "<i>Asia and the West</i>. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 28-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-10-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518305, "title": "Japanese Art in America", "description": "<i>Japanese Art in America</i>. The Ruth Chandler Williamson Gallery, Scripps College, Claremont, CA (April 19-May 15, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-04-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520110, "title": "Evolution of the Buddha Image", "description": "<i>Evolution of the Buddha Image</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (May 7-June 30, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-05-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 374890, "title": "Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e)", "description": "<i>Rinpa (\u7433\u6d3e)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 23-October 3, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-04-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Special Loan Exhibition of Art treasures from Japan</em>. Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (September-October 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Japanese Art</em>. Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas, Texas (October 4-November 30, 1969)", "opening_date": "1969-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650) from The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Japan House Gallery, New York, NY (March 19-May 17, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Kansetsu Hashimoto \u6a4b\u672c\u95a2\u96ea [1883\u20131945] to Hollis and Company", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?by October 1936\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hollis and Company, Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "? after 1936\u20131950", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Sanskrit name of this being, Maitreya, derives from the Sanskrit word for friend, <em>mita</em>.", "description": "Buddhism was introduced to Japan in the sixth century. For early Japanese devotees, Buddhism offered the promise of salvation through faith in the Buddha of the Future, who would appear at the end of the world. The concept of eternal salvation held particular resonance with the Japanese aristocracy, who became the staunchest supporters of this new faith. Small sculptures like this one, with its gentle grace and powerful presence, were popular devotional objects.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117246783"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.86.a-buddha-of-the-future"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Edgell, George Harold. <em>Illustrated Catalogue of a Special Loan Exhibition of Art Treasures from Japan</em>. 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Hanna Jr. Fund, 1960.176.3", "current_location": "113 French Tapestries & Illuminated Manuscripts", "title": "Time (from Chateau de Chaumont set)", "creation_date": "1512\u201315", "creation_date_earliest": 1512, "creation_date_latest": 1515, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Lyon(?), early 16th century"], "technique": "silk and wool; tapestry weave", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Tapestry", "measurements": "Overall: 326.6 x 434.1 cm (128 9/16 x 170 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 3.266, "height_inch": 128, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 4.341, "width_inch": 170, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "French verse in Gothic letters translates as follows: \"One sees the weather adorned in green, Sometimes as pleasing as an angel; To suddenly change and be quite strange, The weather never stays the same.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 445010, "title": "Chefs d'oeuvre de la Tapisserie du XIV\u00e8me au XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle (Tapestry Masterpieces from the 14th to the 16th Century)", "description": "<i>Chefs d'oeuvre de la Tapisserie du XIV\u00e8me au XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle (Tapestry Masterpieces from the 14th to the 16th Century)</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (October 26, 1973-January 7, 1974); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 7-April 19, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-10-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "one of set of three allegorical tapestries from the Chateau de Chaumont, Chaumont-sur-Loire, France until 1907", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131907", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Duveen Collection, New York, NY, sold to Clarence H. MacKay)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1925", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Clarence H. MacKay [1874\u20131938] New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(French & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939\u20131960", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1960.178"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Pierre Sala, who likely commissioned the set, is portrayed as the richly attired central figure offering a bouquet, a symbol of knowledge, to \u00c9l\u00e9onore, his daughter. \u00c9l\u00e9onore is pregnant, revealed by her upturned skirt and the persimmon in her husband Hector\u2019s hand. Hector\u2019s mother, Marguerite, in dark attire, will wed the widowed Sala in 1519. They appear in front of the royal chateau of Blois. The figures at the right convey Sala\u2019s advice to his children. Time (the old man with the staff) with Clio, the Muse of History, standing on his shoulders, is being attacked by a Herculean youth wielding a stick. With this allegory, Sala is explaining that youth is ignorant of the complexities of life and time. The small unicorn at the far right represents the soul. The verse in Old French at the top refers to changing time: <em>One sees Time adorned with green foliage, Sometimes as pleasant as an angel, Then suddenly change and become quite strange. Never does Time persist in one state.</em>", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756419"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.176.3-time-from-chateau-de"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \"Three Tapestries from Chaumont.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 7 (September 1961): 159\u2013177", "page_number": "pp. 159-177", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142461"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Remy G. \"Literary Background of the Chaumont Tapestries.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 7 (September 1961).", "page_number": "pp. 178\u2013181", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142462"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D., and Leona E. Prasse. \"Traditions in the Chaumont Tapestries.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 7 (September 1961): 182\u2013190.", "page_number": "pp. 182\u2013190", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142463"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n99"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 340", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n367"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n99"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n105"}, {"citation": "Seaton, Douglass. <em>Ideas and Styles in the Western Musical Tradition</em>. Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co, 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. \"Woven Treasures.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 6 (November/December 2012): 12.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-06/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 154\u2013157; Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vignon, Charlotte, and Ian Wardropper. <em>Duveen Brothers and the Market for Decorative Arts, 1880-1940</em>. New York: The Frick Collection in association with D Giles Limited, London, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced:  pp. 218, fig. 78 - 219", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.176.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.3/1960.176.3_web.jpg", "width": "1167", "height": "893", "filesize": "1005521", "filename": "1960.176.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.3/1960.176.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2602", "filesize": "8275993", "filename": "1960.176.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.3/1960.176.3_full.tif", "width": "5401", "height": "4134", "filesize": "67020144", "filename": "1960.176.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.176.3/1960.176.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1174", "height": "893", "filesize": "954082"}, "print": {"url": 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Honey and Leighton Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 136291, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-08-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1512, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1512\u201315", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1960.176", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:57:27.146000"}, {"id": 104769, "accession_number": "1923.1096", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bella Donna Charger, c. 1520\u201330. Italy, Papal States, Deruta. Tin-glazed earthenware with yellow and blue lustre (maiolica); diameter: 8.6 x 41.3 cm (3 3/8 x 16 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1923.1096", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "Bella Donna Charger", "creation_date": "c. 1520\u201330", "creation_date_earliest": 1520, "creation_date_latest": 1530, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Papal States, Deruta"], "technique": "tin-glazed earthenware with yellow and blue lustre (maiolica)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 8.6 x 41.3 cm (3 3/8 x 16 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.086, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.413, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "with inscription:  IV BLLIA BELLA", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(M. & R. Stora, Paris).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Scholars believe that chargers such as these were given as marriage gifts or in memory of someone who had died.", "description": "Ceremonial plates decorated with a <em>bella donna</em> (beautiful woman) feature half-length portraits of a young woman surrounded by scrolled banners. Many <em>bella donna</em> plates were informed by the frescos of Renaissance painters Pietro Perugino and Pinturicchio.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778944"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1923.1096-bella-donna-charger"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n115"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n115"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n122"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. T<em>he World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 45, fig. 47", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1923.1096", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1096/1923.1096_web.jpg", "width": "904", "height": "893", "filesize": "673895", "filename": "1923.1096_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1096/1923.1096_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3357", "filesize": "8338926", "filename": "1923.1096_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1096/1923.1096_full.tif", "width": "4792", "height": "4731", "filesize": "68057524", "filename": "1923.1096_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1096/1923.1096_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "904", "height": "893", "filesize": "511118"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1096/1923.1096_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3360", "filesize": "7233183"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1096/1923.1096_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4634", "height": "4580", "filesize": "63710036"}, "date_created": "2008-05-06T13:39:31", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 104769, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1923-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1520, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1520\u201330", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:39:13.586000"}, {"id": 166195, "accession_number": "2008.145", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Enthroned Virgin and Child, c. 1480. Gil de Silo\u00e9 (Spanish, active c. 1475\u20131505). Alabaster with traces of gilding and polychromy; overall: 31.5 x 22.5 x 16 cm (12 3/8 x 8 7/8 x 6 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2008.145", "current_location": "110B Late Gothic", "title": "Enthroned Virgin and Child", "creation_date": "c. 1480", "creation_date_earliest": 1475, "creation_date_latest": 1485, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, Burgos, 15th century"], "technique": "alabaster with traces of gilding and polychromy", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 31.5 x 22.5 x 16 cm (12 3/8 x 8 7/8 x 6 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.315, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.225, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.16, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 453138, "title": "Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster", "description": "<i>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sculpture was possibly made for Queen Isabella, the Spanish ruler who sponsored Christopher Columbus.", "description": "The seated Virgin Mary with Christ is one of the most popular themes in Christian art of the Middle Ages. Alabaster was an ideal material to depict the fleshiness of Jesus, the lush folds of Mary\u2019s cloak, and the fine details of the throne and gown. Christ is reaching for something in his mother\u2019s hand that is now unrecognizable because alabaster tends to break or wear away quickly. It may have been a book or a piece of fruit. Given its small size, it is likely that this sculpture was intended for private use.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757252"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2008.145-enthroned-virgin-and"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen. \"A Taste for Flemish Art.\" <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>49, no. 9(November 2009): 6-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2009-09/page/6/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Williamson, Paul. <em>The Wyvern Collection: Medieval and Renaissance Sculpture and Metalwork</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2018.", "page_number": "CMA Mention: p. 247", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 278", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kaczenski, Alexandra. \u201cEnthroned Virgin and Child.\u201c In <em>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</em>, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 154-157. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 154-157, no. 14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2008.145", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_web.jpg", "width": "729", "height": "893", "filesize": "394925", "filename": "2008.145_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_print.jpg", "width": "2777", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5066435", "filename": "2008.145_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_full.tif", "width": "3984", "height": "4878", "filesize": "58337376", "filename": "2008.145_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "893", "filesize": "376775"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2583", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4806733"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3702", "height": "4873", "filesize": "54154220"}, "date_created": "2009-01-05T18:27:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "373424"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2685", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4936535"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3854", "height": "4881", "filesize": "56468356"}, "date_created": "2009-01-05T18:38:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "296418"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2357", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4102083"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3350", "height": "4833", "filesize": "48604464"}, "date_created": "2009-01-05T18:44:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "893", "filesize": "285653"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2242", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3880703"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3156", "height": "4787", "filesize": "45356272"}, "date_created": "2009-01-05T18:52:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "724", "height": "893", "filesize": "375983"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2755", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5718695"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3794", "height": "4683", "filesize": "53334080"}, "date_created": "2009-01-05T19:00:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "406317"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5202179"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3743", "height": "5000", "filesize": "56181136"}, "date_created": "2009-01-05T19:26:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "376029"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4982815"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3743", "height": "5000", "filesize": "56179696"}, "date_created": "2009-01-05T19:33:56", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "360215"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4625179"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.145/2008.145_alt7_full.tif", "width": "3743", "height": "5000", "filesize": "56179456"}, "date_created": "2009-01-05T19:43:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 166195, "creators": [{"id": 57847, "description": "Gil de Silo\u00e9 (Spanish, active c. 1475\u20131505)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1501", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2008-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1480", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:34:53.037000"}, {"id": 170257, "accession_number": "2012.43", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Desk and Bookcase, c. 1780\u201395. Attributed to John Townsend (American, 1732\u20131809). \"Plum pudding\" mahogany, red cedar, chestnut, white pine, brass; overall: 240 x 108 x 64.8 cm (94 1/2 x 42 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harvey Buchanan in memory of Penelope Draper Buchanan and Dorothy Tuckerman Draper, 2012.43", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Desk and Bookcase", "creation_date": "c. 1780\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1775, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, Rhode Island, Newport, 18th century"], "technique": "\"Plum pudding\" mahogany, red cedar, chestnut, white pine, brass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 240 x 108 x 64.8 cm (94 1/2 x 42 1/2 x 25 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.4, "height_inch": 94, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.08, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.648, "depth_inch": 25, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Oliver Wolcott, Sr [1726-1797], a Signer of the Declaration of Independence, commissioned from the maker.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "probably 1785", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Thence by descent through the Wolcott, Tuckerman, Minturn, Draper, Buchanan families.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1785-2012", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2012-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This desk and bookcase was likely made for Oliver Wolcott Sr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of Connecticut.", "description": "In the 1700s, Newport, Rhode Island, was the fifth largest city in North America and one of the most important centers of shipping and trade along the Eastern Seaboard. Orders for furniture from its celebrated cabinetmakers came in from far and wide. This desk and bookcase was likely made for Oliver Wolcott Sr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of the State of Connecticut. Eventually, the desk passed down through his family to Dorothy Draper, an important 20th-century interior decorator, and ultimately to her daughter, Penelope Draper Buchanan, whose husband gave it to the museum after her death\u2014a rare, unbroken line of succession.<br><br>Large desks were designed to hold all the necessary components of a gentleman\u2019s office under lock and key: books, papers, pens and ink, and important documents. To serve such a function desks also became complicated masterworks of the cabinetmaker\u2019s art, incorporating many parts from small drawers to large panels cut from a single tree, making them among the most expensive types of furniture available. This desk and bookcase exhibits the characteristic traits of classic Newport furniture\u2014\u201cplum pudding\u201d mahogany, cupcake-like finials, and a carved shell on the inside of the desk.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755900"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2012.43-desk-and-bookcase"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. vol. 53 no. 02, (March/April 2013).", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-02/page/n21"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E. and Leslie Cade.<em> The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 137", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 20", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.43", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_web.jpg", "width": "538", "height": "893", "filesize": "68083", "filename": "2012.43_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_print.jpg", "width": "2050", "height": "3400", "filesize": "827713", "filename": "2012.43_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_full.tif", "width": "4824", "height": "8000", "filesize": "115804448", "filename": "2012.43_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "562", "height": "893", "filesize": "67229"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2138", "height": "3400", "filesize": "795115"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5004", "height": "7957", "filesize": "119475108"}, "date_created": "2013-01-07T16:32:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "893", "filesize": "72672"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2362", "height": "3400", "filesize": "845821"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5558", "height": "8000", "filesize": "133418196"}, "date_created": "2013-01-07T16:41:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "893", "filesize": "70652"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2430", "height": "3400", "filesize": "801582"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5719", "height": "8000", "filesize": "137284604"}, "date_created": "2013-01-07T16:36:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "893", "filesize": "70552"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2430", "height": "3400", "filesize": "800469"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.43/2012.43_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5719", "height": "8000", "filesize": "137284956"}, "date_created": "2013-01-07T16:40:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Harvey Buchanan in memory of Penelope Draper Buchanan and Dorothy Tuckerman Draper", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 170257, "creators": [{"id": 63187, "description": "John Townsend (American, 1732\u20131809)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1809", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1780\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:44:56.219000"}, {"id": 136944, "accession_number": "1961.419", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Parshva, 800s. Central India. Sandstone; overall: 160.7 x 67 cm (63 1/4 x 26 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1961.419", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Parshva", "creation_date": "800s", "creation_date_earliest": 800, "creation_date_latest": 899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central India"], "technique": "sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 160.7 x 67 cm (63 1/4 x 26 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.607, "height_inch": 63, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.67, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309885, "title": "Sacred India", "description": "<i>Sacred India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1985-January 12, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Khalil Rabenou, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Parshva is the 23rd of the 24 Jinas who achieved liberation. He is the only one who is depicted with a serpent. This sculpture was made for followers of the branch of Jainism called Digambara, who enforce the regulations of total nudity among those actively seeking liberation. The only adornment of his figure is the auspicious symbol on his chest and the wheels of righteousness on his palms. The stark form of thenude body standing in a posture of meditation is masterfully set off from the array of gods and serpent divinities who venerate him. He stands with his feet on a lotus pedestal, but his hierarchically tall form reaches to the heavens, where gods fly to honor him with flower garlands. Three umbrellas over his head indicate his status as a liberated being worthy of worship.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762594"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.419-parshva"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review 1962.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 9 (November 1962): 199\u2013227.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 214; Mentioned: p. 224, no. 72", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151915"}, {"citation": "Shah, U. P. \u201cA Parshvanatha Sculpture in Cleveland.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 9 (December 1970): 303\u2013311.", "page_number": "MEntioned and reproduced: p. 303-305, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152350"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n322"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., \"A Classic Jain Bronze\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 42 no. 04, April 2002", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2002-04/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 206", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.419", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_web.jpg", "width": "626", "height": "893", "filesize": "77699", "filename": "1961.419_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_print.jpg", "width": "2385", "height": "3400", "filesize": "955177", "filename": "1961.419_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_full.tif", "width": "5612", "height": "8000", "filesize": "134747716", "filename": "1961.419_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "639", "height": "893", "filesize": "338810"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2434", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4464603"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3860", "height": "5393", "filesize": "62482052"}, "date_created": "2006-05-01T16:18:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "726", "filesize": "299383"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2743", "filesize": "2670306"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4902", "height": "3955", "filesize": "58189568"}, "date_created": "2006-05-01T16:36:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "937", "height": "893", "filesize": "571570"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3239", "filesize": "6997722"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4299", "height": "4096", "filesize": "52859076"}, "date_created": "2006-05-01T16:50:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1040", "height": "893", "filesize": "652541"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2919", "filesize": "6416778"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.419/1961.419_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4494", "height": "3858", "filesize": "52048156"}, "date_created": "2006-05-01T17:09:53", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136944, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Stele in High Relief of Parshvanatha,  the twenty-third Jain Tirthankara", "Stele with the Twenty-Third Jain Tirthankara, Par\u015bvanatha"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:32.452000"}, {"id": 96263, "accession_number": "1916.1979.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Jean Terford David, 1813. Thomas Sully (American, born England, 1783\u20131872). Oil on canvas; framed: 122 x 103 x 10 cm (48 1/16 x 40 9/16 x 3 15/16 in.); unframed: 89.5 x 70.5 cm (35 1/4 x 27 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1916.1979.1", "current_location": "205 Federal American", "title": "Portrait of Jean Terford David", "creation_date": "1813", "creation_date_earliest": 1813, "creation_date_latest": 1813, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 122 x 103 x 10 cm (48 1/16 x 40 9/16 x 3 15/16 in.); Unframed: 89.5 x 70.5 cm (35 1/4 x 27 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.22, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.03, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.1, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.895, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.705, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"TS 1813 [TS in monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444427, "title": "A Century and a Half of American Art", "description": "<i>A Century and a Half of American Art</i>. National Academy of Design Museum and School of Fine Arts, New York, NY (organizer) (October 15-November 30, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 215292, "title": "Thomas Sully: Painted Performance", "description": "<i>Thomas Sully: Painted Performance</i>. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (October 11, 2013-January 5, 2014); San Antonio Museum of Art, San Antonio, TX (February 7-May 11, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition (6 June-20 September, 1916), no. 156.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia, The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Catalogue of the Memorial Exhibition of Portraits by Thomas Sully (1922), pp. 5-7, cat. no. 71, illus. p. 49.", "opening_date": "1922-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, 20th Anniversary Exhibition (26 June-4 October, 1936), p. 29, no. 48.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts, The World of the Romantic Artist: A Survey of American Culture from 1800 to 1875 (28 December, 1944-28 January, 1945), no. 5, ill. p. 8; cat. p. 8-10.", "opening_date": "1944-12-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Saginaw, Michigan, The Saginaw Museum, An Exhibition of American Paintings from Colonial Times until Today (10 January-15 February, 1948), p. 22, illus. no. 57, plate III.", "opening_date": "1948-01-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Art Institute of Chicago, From Colony to Nation: An Exhibition of American Painting Silver and Architecture from 1650 to the War of 1812 (21 April-19 June, 1949), p. 73, cat. no. 117.", "opening_date": "1949-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The National Academy of Design, A Century and a Half of American Art (10 October-16 November, 1975), p. 118, illus. p. 117.", "opening_date": "1975-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington D.C., The National Portrait Gallery, Mr. Sully, Portrait Painter (3 June-5 September, 1983), p. 59, cat. no. 18, illus. p. 58.", "opening_date": "1983-06-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Milwaukee Art Museum, WI (10/11/2013 - 1/5/2014) and San Antonio Museum of Art, TX (2/7/20114 - 5/11/2014):  \"Thomas Sully: Painted Performance\", cat. no. 9, p. 104.", "opening_date": "2011-02-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Family of the sitter; John Foster Jenkins, Yonkers, NY; The Cleveland Museum of Art (1916)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 96264, "description": "Portrait of Mary Sicard David, 1813. Thomas Sully (American, born England, 1783\u20131872). Oil on canvas; framed: 121.9 x 103.5 x 15.3 cm (48 x 40 3/4 x 6 in.); unframed: 89.5 x 69.8 cm (35 1/4 x 27 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1916.1979.2", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["1416.16", "1916.1979"], "did_you_know": "Sully's working motto was \"flattery--nothing so sure of success as flattering your portraits.\"", "description": "According to his own inventory, the astonishingly productive Sully painted more than 2,600 works during his career. Most of these paintings were commissioned portraits, including this one of John Terford David, who had just recently married. French-born David was an American officer who served as a paymaster during the War of 1812. His rank is indicated by the fringed epaulet on his left shoulder and the lack of one on his right. In composing the portrait, Sully ingeniously positioned David's body on an angle to emphasize the single epaulet and downplay the uniform's lack of symmetry.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502488"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1979.1-portrait-of-jean-ter"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n11"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 534", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n98"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n185"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n185"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n220"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1979.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1979.1/1916.1979.1_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "893", "filesize": "387916", "filename": "1916.1979.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1979.1/1916.1979.1_print.jpg", "width": "2658", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4835609", "filename": "1916.1979.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1979.1/1916.1979.1_full.tif", "width": "3749", "height": "4795", "filesize": "53955276", "filename": "1916.1979.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1979.1/1916.1979.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "767", "height": "900", "filesize": "247936"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1979.1/1916.1979.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2855", "height": "3350", "filesize": "2700253"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1979.1/1916.1979.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2855", "height": "3350", "filesize": "28735444"}, "date_created": "2008-08-13T14:00:06", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 96263, "creators": [{"id": 2424, "description": "Thomas Sully (American, born England, 1783\u20131872)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1783", "death_year": "1872", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-02-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1813, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1813", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1916.1979", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Lieutenant Jean Terford David", "Captain Jean T. David"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:11:01.200000"}, {"id": 137195, "accession_number": "1962.151", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rest on the Flight into Egypt, early 1640s. Claude Lorrain (French, 1604\u20131682). Oil on canvas; framed: 239 x 185 x 12 cm (94 1/8 x 72 13/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 208 x 152.5 cm (81 7/8 x 60 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1962.151", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Rest on the Flight into Egypt", "creation_date": "early 1640s", "creation_date_earliest": 1640, "creation_date_latest": 1645, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 239 x 185 x 12 cm (94 1/8 x 72 13/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 208 x 152.5 cm (81 7/8 x 60 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.39, "height_inch": 94, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.85, "width_inch": 72, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.12, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 2.08, "height_inch": 81, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.525, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520993, "title": "Art in Italy, 1600-1700", "description": "<i>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (April 6-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 214275, "title": "Claude Lorrain and the Ideal Landscape", "description": "<i>Claude Lorrain and the Ideal Landscape</i>. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo (organizer) (September 15-December 6, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-09-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Manchester, England, 1857. \"Art Treasures of Great Britain,\" cat. no. 654.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "CMA, Oct.-Nov. 1962: \"Year in Review.\"", "opening_date": "1962-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Detroit Institute of Arts, Apr. 6- May 9, 1965: \"Art in Italy, 1600-1700,\" cat. no. 23, repr. (catalogue by Donald Posner).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Feb. 21- Mar. 12, 1982: \"Visions of Landscape: East and West,\" no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1982-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., Oct. 17, 1982- Jan. 2, 1983: \"Claude Lorrain: A Tercentenary Exhibition,\" cat. no. 33, p. 153, repr. pl. 152, p. 20.", "opening_date": "1982-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Tokyo: The National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo \"Claude Lorrain and the Ideal Landscape\" 9/5 - 12/6/98.p. 81, no. 41.", "opening_date": "1998-12-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Count Francesco Crescenzi or Giovanni Battista Crescenzi (1577-1660?), Spanish Marquess de la Torre;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sir William Lowther (1727-1753), third and last Baronet of Marske (Holker Hall, Lancashire);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "by inheritance to Lord George Augustus Cavendish (died 1794), Holker Hall, Lancashire;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "by inheritance to William Cavendish (1808-1891), seventh Duke of Devonshire and second Earl of Burlington;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Lord Richard Frederick Cavendish (1871-1946)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "sale, Christie's, London, December 12, 1930, no. 37, illus.;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Richard Edward Osborne Cavendish, Esq., Holker Hall, Lancashire;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "sold, Christie's, London, April 1, 1960, no. 87, illus., to Rudolf Heinemann, New York;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "sold the the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lorrain placed this Middle Eastern biblical event in the Roman countryside.", "description": "One of the most influential landscape painters of the early modern era, Lorrain was a master of the \u201cideal landscape,\u201d which combined lush foliage and a tranquil atmosphere with allusions to an idyllic, imaginary past. The intention was to create views more beautiful and harmonious than nature itself. In the foreground of this soaring landscape, the Holy Family rests on a shady bank as kneeling angels offer fruit to the Christ child. Landscape paintings like this were much in demand among wealthy collectors throughout Europe, for whom these expansive idealized scenes represented a calm retreat from their hectic city lives.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60466066"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.151-rest-on-the-flight-i"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gell\u00e9e, Claude, and Henry S. Francis. \u201cLandscape with Rest on the Flight into Egypt.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 10 (December 1962): 231\u2013235.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, p. 233, fig. 3; Mentioned: p. 231-235", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151919"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, R. G. \u201cArt Is an Imitation of Nature.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 2 (February 1965): 34\u201344.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 34-35, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152034"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n142"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n142"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n192"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74-76; Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cVisions of Landscape: East and West.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 3 (March 1983): 112\u2013135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 112-113, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159808"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David C. \u201cClaude and the Ideal Landscape Tradition in Great Britain.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 4 (April 1983): 147\u2013163.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 151, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159812"}, {"citation": "Goldfarb, Hilliard T. \u201cA Pastoral Scene with Classical Figures by Claude Lorrain.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 4 (April 1983): 164\u2013171.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 166, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159813"}, {"citation": "McCree, J. Woodrow. Washington Irving's Critique of American Culture: Sketching a Vision of World Citizenship. 2021, 74.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 74-75, fig. 3.1.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.151", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.151/1962.151_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "893", "filesize": "399846", "filename": "1962.151_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.151/1962.151_print.jpg", "width": "2540", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5597787", "filename": "1962.151_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.151/1962.151_full.tif", "width": "4483", "height": "6000", "filesize": "80726056", "filename": "1962.151_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 137195, "creators": [{"id": 1873, "description": "Claude Lorrain (French, 1604\u20131682)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1604", "death_year": "1682", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1640, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1640s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Landscape with Rest on the Flight into Egypt"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:00:08.983000"}, {"id": 111435, "accession_number": "1929.920", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Coronation of the Virgin, c. 1410. Master of the Fr\u00f6ndenberg Altarpiece (German). Tempera and gold on wood; framed: 77 x 59.5 x 8 cm (30 5/16 x 23 7/16 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 64.8 x 47.5 cm (25 1/2 x 18 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1929.920", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "Coronation of the Virgin", "creation_date": "c. 1410", "creation_date_earliest": 1405, "creation_date_latest": 1415, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 77 x 59.5 x 8 cm (30 5/16 x 23 7/16 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 64.8 x 47.5 cm (25 1/2 x 18 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.77, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.595, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.648, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.475, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Austellung westfa\u0308lischer Alterthu\u0308mer und Kunsterzeutnisse</em>, Collegium Ludgerianum, M\u00fcnster Germany (June 1879).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Art of the Middle Ages, 1000-1400</em>, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, MA (February 17 to March 24, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Conrad von Soest und Sein Kreis</em>, Museum fur Kunst und Kulturgeschichte, Dortmund, Germany (July-September, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-07-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Cistercian Convent, Fr\u00f6ndenberg, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1410", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Haindorf Collection, M\u00fcnster, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Loeb, Haus Caldenhof near Hamm, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1879", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sale: Rudolph Lepke, Berlin, Germany, June 8,  1929, no. 2)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 8,  1929", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(A. S. Drey, Munich, Germany, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1929", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is only one panel from what would have been a large altarpiece dedicated to the Virgin.", "description": "This panel once formed the left wing of an altarpiece originally located in a Cistercian convent in the German town of Fr\u00f6ndenberg. The Coronation of the Virgin was a common subject; though it is not based on a biblical text it often appeared in medieval books of hours as a focus of contemplation. It represents the culminating event in the life of Mary. Here, Christ and the Virgin are housed in an architectural setting; the Virgin kneels before Christ as he crowns her in the company of a group of angels. The color palette is particularly rich: pink, deep red, blue, and a delicate green as well as large areas of gold leaf. The well-developed, proportional figures, modeled drapery, and detailed architectural throne suggest an artist with a high level of experience and sophistication.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513318"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.920-coronation-of-the-vi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lu\u0308bke, Wilhelm. <em>Die mittelalterliche Kunst in Westfalen</em> [Textbd.]. [Textbd.]. 1853.", "page_number": "344", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Katalog zur Austellung westfa\u0308lischer Alterthu\u0308mer u. Kunssterzeugnisse vom Vereine fu\u0308r Geschichte und Alterthumskunde Westfalens im Juni 1879 zu Munster. </em>Mu\u0308nster: Dr. der Theissing'sthen Buchhandlung, 1879.", "page_number": "cat. no. 1446", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nordhoff, J.B. \"Die Soester Malerei unter Meister Conrad,\" <em>Bonner Jahrbucher</em> LXVII (1879).", "page_number": "126", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vogeler, and Albert Ludorff.<em> Die Bau- und Kunstdenkma\u0308ler von Westfalen</em>. 16, 16. Mu\u0308nster in Westfalen: Scho\u0308ningh, 1905.", "page_number": "148", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burger, Fritz, and H. Beth Schitz.<em> Die deutsche Malerei der Renaissance</em>. Leipzig: [s.n.], 1917.", "page_number": "400", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hoelker, Carl. <em>Meister Conrad von Soest und seine Bedeutung fu\u0308r die norddeutsche Malerei in der ersten Halfte des 15</em>. Jahrhunderts. 1921.", "page_number": "p. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rudolph Lepke's Kunst-Auctions-Haus. <em>Altdeutsche und altniederla\u0308ndische Tafelgema\u0308lde</em>. 1929.", "page_number": "no. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \u201c\u2018Coronation of the Virgin,\u2019 by Conrad Von Soest: Fourth Gift of the Friends of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 2 (1930).", "page_number": "pp. 19-22", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137273"}, {"citation": "Nissen, Robert, \"Der Meister des Frondenberger Altares,\" <em>Westfalen</em> XVI (1931).", "page_number": "pp. 62-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stange, Alfred. <em>Deutsche Malerei der Gotik</em>. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1934.", "page_number": "1938: pp. 35-37, fig. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. <em>Meisterwerke europa\u0308ischer Malerei in Amerika, mit u\u0308ber 300 Kupfertiefdrucktafeln</em>. Wien: Phaidon-Verlag, 1935.", "page_number": "pl. 195", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "cat. no. 210, pl. XLI", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kuhn, Charles Louis, and Arthur Burkhard. <em>A Catalogue of German Paintings of the Middle Ages and Renaissance in American Collections</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1936.", "page_number": "no. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans.<em> Masterpieces of European Painting in America.</em> New York: Oxford University Press, 1939.", "page_number": "p. 195", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. <em>Arts of the Middle Ages, 1000-1400: A Loan Exhibition : February 17 to March 24, 1940, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Massachusetts</em>. [Boston]: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 1940.", "page_number": "cat. no. 77", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [2]", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n10"}, {"citation": "<em>Museum fu\u0308r Kunst und Kulturgeschichte der Stadt Dortmund. Conrad von Soest und sein Kreis: Ausstellung</em>. Dortmund: The Museum, 1950.", "page_number": "ca. no. 79", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rensing, Theodor. \"Ratsel um Konrad von Soest,\" <em>Westfalen </em>XXVIII (1950).", "page_number": "164", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Early German Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>American German Review XXI/2 (1954-1955).</em>", "page_number": "p. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 456", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n84"}, {"citation": "Muhlberg, Fried. <em>Bau- und Kunstdenkmalervon Westfalen, 47 Bd. Kreis Unna.</em> (1959).", "page_number": "138", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cGothic Art 1360-1440.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963).", "page_number": "cat. no. 51", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n90"}, {"citation": "Troescher, George. <em>Burgundische Malerei.</em> Berlin: Mann, 1966.", "page_number": "I, 64; II, pl. 59, fig. 176", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stange, Alfred.<em> Kritisches Verzeichnis der deutschen Tafelbilder vor Du\u0308rer</em>. (Mu\u0308nchen): Bruckmann, 1967.", "page_number": "143, no. 461", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n90"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAn Enthroned Madonna with the Writing Christ Child.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 9 (1970)", "page_number": "297, fig. 23", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152349"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Ar<em>t. European Paintings Before 1500</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 27-29, cat no. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n94"}, {"citation": "Meister des Fro\u0308ndenberger Altares, Ju\u0308rgen Reissner, and Gerhard Lemke. <em>Der Marienaltar in der Stiftskirche zu Fro\u0308ndenberg</em>. Fro\u0308ndenberg: Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Fro\u0308ndenberg und Bausenhagen, 2002.", "page_number": "Fig. 11, p. 52", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ko\u0308llermann, Antje-Fee, and Christine Unsinn. Die Goldene Tafel aus Lu\u0308neburg: Akten des wissenschaftlichen Kolloqiums - Ergebnisband des Forschungsprojektes. Petersberg : Michael Imhof Verlag, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 149, fig. 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Reissner, Ju\u0308rgen, and Conrad. <em>Der Fro\u0308ndenberger Flu\u0308gelaltar: das Fru\u0308hwerk des Conrad von Soest : eine Einordnung in sein Werk.</em> Fro\u0308ndenberg: Stadt Fro\u0308ndenberg/Ruhr, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 41", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.920", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "893", "filesize": "521301", "filename": "1929.920_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_print.jpg", "width": "2510", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7841550", "filename": "1929.920_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_full.tif", "width": "4330", "height": "5864", "filesize": "152379360", "filename": "1929.920_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "893", "filesize": "521539"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2630", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7909830"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4804", "height": "6209", "filesize": "89513504"}, "date_created": "2011-10-18T19:31:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "706", "height": "893", "filesize": "519704"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2688", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7831562"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4818", "height": "6094", "filesize": "88114728"}, "date_created": "2011-10-18T18:35:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "893", "filesize": "481772"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2510", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5723592"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3406", "height": "4614", "filesize": "47166916"}, "date_created": "2009-11-13T15:17:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "684", "height": "893", "filesize": "452627"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2606", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5873457"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.920/1929.920_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3637", "height": "4746", "filesize": "51804680"}, "date_created": "2009-11-13T15:17:16", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111435, "creators": [{"id": 2772, "description": "Master of the Fr\u00f6ndenberg Altarpiece (German)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The artist is named for the former high altar of the Cistercian convent at Fr\u00f6ndenberg on the Ruhr, of which a panel in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art formed a part.  He was active in Westphalia in the early 1400s.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-11-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1405, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1410", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:54:01.152000"}, {"id": 140148, "accession_number": "1964.150", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Panels from a Triptych: The Archangel Michael and St. Anthony Abbot, 1458. Fra Filippo Lippi (Italian, c. 1406\u20131469). Tempera on wood panel; framed: 94 x 40 x 6.5 cm (37 x 15 3/4 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 81.3 x 29.8 x 3 cm (32 x 11 3/4 x 1 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1964.150", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Pair of Panels from a Triptych: The Archangel Michael and St. Anthony Abbot", "creation_date": "1458", "creation_date_earliest": 1458, "creation_date_latest": 1458, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 15th century"], "technique": "tempera on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 94 x 40 x 6.5 cm (37 x 15 3/4 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 81.3 x 29.8 x 3 cm (32 x 11 3/4 x 1 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.94, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.4, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.813, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.298, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.03, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 675363, "title": "Filippino Lippi and Rome", "description": "<i>Filippino Lippi and Rome</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 26, 2025-February 22, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-11-26T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Italian Art 1200\u20131900</em>, Royal Academy of Arts, Burlington House, London (organizer) (1930).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Florentine Paintings Before 1500</em>, Burlington Fine Arts Club, London (organizer) (1920).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>National Loan Exhibition</em>, National Gallery Funds, Grafton Galleries, London (organizer) (1909\u20131910).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned by Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici, Florence, as a gift for King Alfonso V of Aragon (Alfonso I of Naples)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1457", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Collection of King Alfonso V of Aragon (Alfonso I of Naples), Naples", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1458", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Collection of Countess Sara Pacheco, Madrid", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1871", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Purchased by Sir John Charles Robinson, Madrid, for Sir Fancis Cook, Soughty House, Richmond, Surrey", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1871", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "By descent to Sir Frederick Cook, Sir Herbert Cook, and their heirs", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Rosenberg & Stiebel Inc., New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1964", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Saint Michael's opulent appearance reflects the wealth and status of both the patron and the recipient of these paintings.", "description": "These panels depicting Saints Anthony the Abbot and Michael originally flanked a central scene of the Madonna and Child with Angels, now lost, to form a triptych. Giovanni di Cosimo de\u2019 Medici of Florence commissioned the ensemble in 1457 as a diplomatic gift to Alfonso V of Aragon. Fra Filippo Lippi, a Carmelite friar and one of the great masters of early Renaissance Florence, depicted realistic, weighty figures in a three-dimensional space using a system of linear perspective, inspired partly by Masaccio\u2019s Brancacci Chapel, and reflected in the background architecture. Saint Anthony the Abbot rejected all earthly possessions in pursuit of a contemplative life in the desert. He is generally regarded as the founder of monasticism and is depicted wearing a monk\u2019s habit. Saint Michael\u2019s sword, shield, and exquisitely bejeweled armor celebrate his role as heaven\u2019s defender against evil.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469128"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.150-pair-of-panels-from"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leone de Castris, Pierluigi. <em>La pittura del Quattrocento a Napoli: 1400-1458</em>: <em>da Ladislao D'Angio\u0300-Durazzo ad Alfonso D'Aragona</em>. London: Artem (2020).", "page_number": "p. 236, 246; figs. 314-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Quesada, Francesc Ruiz. \"Els primers Trast\u00e0mara. In <em>La legitimaci\u00f3 mariana d'un llinatge.\" Capitula facta et firmata: Inquietuds art\u00edstiques en el quatre-cents, </em>p. 93. Valls: Cosset\u00e0nia Edicions, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 93. Fig10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brockwell, Maurice W. et al. <em>A Catalogue of the Pictures and Drawings in the National Loan Exhibition in Aid of National Gallery Funds Held in the Grafton Galleries, London. </em>London: William Heinemann, 1909.", "page_number": "p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/catalogueofpictu00nati/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cole, Alison. <em>Virtue and Magnificence: Art of the Italian Renaissance Courts. </em>New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1995.", "page_number": "p. 24, fig. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/virtuemagnificen0000cole/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilbert, Creighton E. <em>Italian Art 1400\u20131500: Sources and Documents. </em>New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1980.", "page_number": "pp. 7-8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/italianart1400150000unse/page/n259/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Navarro, Fausta. \"La pittura a Napoli e nel Meridione nel Quattrocento.\" In <em>La Pittura in Italia : Il Quattrocento</em>, Vol. 2, p. 455. Milan: Electa, 1987.", "page_number": "455", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ruda, Jeffrey. \"The National Gallery Tondo of the <em>Adoration of the Magi</em> and the Early Style of Filippo Lippi.\" In <em>1975 Studies in the History of Art</em>, Vol. 7, pp. 7-38. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "pp. 7-38, figs. 8 and 9.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/42617891"}, {"citation": "Crowe, J. A. and G. B. Cavalcasselle. <em>A New History of Painting in Italy from the Second to the Sixteenth Century, </em>Vol. 2. London: John Murray, 1864.", "page_number": "328-331", "url": "https://archive.org/details/historyofpaint02crow"}, {"citation": "Ruda, Jeffrey. <em>Filippo Lippi Studies: Naturalism, Style and Iconography in Early Renaissance Art. </em>New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1982.", "page_number": "pp. 29, 30, 75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baxandall, Michael. <em>Painting and Experience in Fifteenth Century Italy: A Primer in the Social History of Pictorial Style. </em>Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.", "page_number": "pp. 2-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/paintingexperien00baxa"}, {"citation": "Eastlake, Sir Charles L., ed., trans. <em>Handbook of Painting. The Italian Schools, </em>Pt. 1. London: John Murray, 1869.", "page_number": "pp. 196-199.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Holmes, Megan. <em>Fra Filippo Lippi: The Carmelite Painter. </em>New Haven: Yale Univerity Press, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 172, 174, 176. Figs. 173a and 173b.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gordon, Dillian. <em>The Fifteenth Century Italian Paintings, </em>Vol. 1. London: National Gallery, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 152, figs. 13 and 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/fifteenthcentury0000dill/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Butler, Joseph T. \"The American way with art.\" <em>The Connoisseur </em>(November, 1971): 208.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tozzini Cellai, Valeria. <em>L\u2019arte Nel Rinascimento, Filippo Lippi : Gli Usi, I Costumi, Gli Avvenimenti Che Accompagnarono La Vita Del Grande Pittore</em>. Prato: Edizioni del Palazzo, 1986.", "page_number": "pp. 46, 84-6, 171", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burlington Fine Arts Club, and Roger Fry. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of Florentine Painting before 1500</em>. London: Chiswick Press, 1920.", "page_number": "pp. 21-2, fig. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pieraccini, Gaetano. \"I Figli di Cosimo il Vecchio.\" In <em>La stirpe dei Medici di Cafaggiolo : saggio di ricerche sulla trasmissione ereditaria dei caratteri biologici </em>5, pp. 81-99<em>. </em>Florence: Olschiki, 1926.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mannini, Maria Pia and and Marco Fagioli. F<em>ilippo Lippi: Catalogo Completo</em>. Florence: Octavo, 1997.", "page_number": "pp. 124-5, cat. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bologna, Ferdinando. <em>Napoli E Le Rotte Mediterranee Della Pittura: Da Alfonso Il Magnanimo a Ferdinando Il Cattolico</em>. Naples: Societa\u0300 napoletana di storia patria, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 102-3, figs. 68-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ruda, Jeffrey. <em>Fra Filippo Lippi: Life and Work with a Complete Catalogue</em>. London/New York: Phaidon Press (1993).", "page_number": "pp. 198, 442-4; plates 113-4, 294-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Toscano, Gennaro. \"N\u00e1poles y el Mediterr\u00e1neo: Relaciones Entre Miniatura y Pintura en la Transici\u00f3n de la Casa de Anjou a la Casa de Arag\u00f3n.\" In <em>El Renacimiento Mediterra\u0301neo: Viajes de Artistas E Itinerarios de Obras Entre Italia, Francia Y Espan\u0303a En El Siglo XV</em>, edited by Comisario Mauro Natale, p. 90. Madrid: Fundacio\u0301n Coleccio\u0301n Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 90, fig. IV-20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gilbert, Creighton, trans. <em>Italian Art, 1400-1500: Sources and Documents.</em> Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1980.", "page_number": "p. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Duits, Rembrandt. <em>Gold Brocade and Renaissance Painting: A Study in Material Culture</em>. London: Pindar Press, 2008.", "page_number": "fig. 98", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ames-Lewis, Francis. \"Fra Filippo Lippi and Flanders.\" <em>Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte, </em>42 Bd., H. 4 (1979): 271.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1481985"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, Vol. 52, No. 6 (June, 1965): 144.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152054"}, {"citation": "Wasserman, Burt. \"News &amp; Notes.\" <em>Art Education</em>, Vol. 18, No. 1 (January, 1965): 37-9.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3190641"}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works, with an Index of Places</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1932.", "page_number": "p. 288", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Marchini, Giuseppe. <em>Filippo Lippi</em>. Milano: Electa, 1975.", "page_number": "pp. 96\u201397, 101\u2013102, 211\u2013212; fig. 145", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cook, Francis, Maurice W. Brockwell, and Herbert Frederick Cook. <em>Abridged Catalogue of the Pictures at Doughty House, Richmond, Surrey, in the Collection of Sir Herbert Cook, Bart.</em> London: W. Heinemann, 1932.", "page_number": "p. 27, fig. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art and Detroit Institute of Arts. \u201cAccessions of American and Canadian Museums: July\u2013September 1964.\u201d <em>The Art Quarterly </em>XXVII (1964): 490\u2013491.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pittaluga, Mary. <em>Filippo Lippi</em>. Firenze: Del Turco, 1949.", "page_number": "pp. 120\u2013121, 164, 205\u2013207; figs. 141\u2013142", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mengin, Urbain. <em>Les Deux Lippi</em>. Paris: Plon, 1932.", "page_number": "pp. 32\u201334", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Oertel, Robert. <em>Fra Filippo Lippi</em>. Wien: A. Schroll &amp; Co, 1942.", "page_number": "pp. 28\u201329, 41, 74; figs: 99\u2013100", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>The Drawings of the Florentine Painters. Amplified ed., </em>Vols. I and III. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1938.", "page_number": "pp. 81\u201382, fig. 166", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pudelko, Georg. \u201cPer la datazione delle opere di Fra Filippo Lippi.\u201d <em>Rivista d'Arte</em> VIII, Series 2 (1936): 50\u201351.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred. \u201cMuseum evaluations, 1: Cleveland.\u201d <em>Art News</em> (December, 1961): 26\u201329, 58\u201361.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Borenius, Tancred. <em>A Catalogue of the Paintings at Doughty House Richmond &amp; Elsewhere in the Collection of Sir Frederick Cook BT, Visconde de Monserrate</em>, Vol. 1. London: William Heinemann, 1913.", "page_number": "p. 23, repr. plate III", "url": "chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/A_catalogue_of_the_paintings_at_Doughty_House%2C_Richmond%2C_%26_elsewhere_in_the_collection_of_Sir_Frederick_Cook%2C_bt.%2C_Visconde_de_Monserrate_%28IA_gri_33125001303870%29.pdf"}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>A Century of Loan Exhibitions, 1813\u20131912, </em>Vol. II. London: Chiswick Press, 1913.", "page_number": "p. 710", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112085296231&seq=9"}, {"citation": "Mendelsohn, Henriette. <em>Fra Filippo Lippi</em>. Berlin: Julius Bard, 1909.", "page_number": "pp. 154\u2013156, 235\u2013237", "url": "https://archive.org/details/frafilippolippi00menduoft/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Horne, Herbert P. <em>Alessandro Filipepi, Commonly Called Sandro Botticelli, Painter of Florence</em>. London: G. Bell &amp; Sons, 1908.", "page_number": "pp. 6-8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/alessandrofilipe00horn/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Poggi, Giovanni. \"Di Due Tavole di Fra Filippo Lippi nella raccolta Cook a Richmond.\" <em>Rivista d'Arte</em>, Ser. 1, Vol. 4 (January\u2013February, 1906): 39.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015017565881&seq=1"}, {"citation": "Bart, Herbert Cook. \"La Collection de Sir Frederick Cook, Visconde de Monserrate a Richmond.\" <em>Les Arts</em>, IV (August, 1905): 1, 4.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lesartsrevuemens1905pariuoft/page/n249/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Strutt, Edward C. <em>Fra Filippo Lippi</em>. London: G. Bell, 1901.", "page_number": "pp. 118\u2013119, 177\u2013179, 194", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002005963161&seq=1"}, {"citation": "Frizzoni, G. \"Rivelazioni della Galleria Cook a Richmond.\" <em>Ressegna d'Art Antica e Moderna, </em>Vol. 1 (1914): 123.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklo\u0301s. <em>Italian Paintings of the Fifteenth Century.</em> Washington, New York: National Gallery of Art; Distributed by Oxford University Press, 2003.", "page_number": "p. 394", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). <em>A Commemorative Catalogue of the Exhibition of Italian Art Held in the Galleries of the Royal Academy, Burlington House, London, January-March, 1930, </em>Text. London: Oxford University Press, Humphrey Milford, 1931.", "page_number": "p. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>The Florentine Painters of the Renaissance</em>. 3d ed., rev. and enl. New York: Putnam\u2019s Sons, 1909.", "page_number": "pp. 151, 209", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Presses Universitaires de France. <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em>, Vol. 65. Paris: February, 1965.", "page_number": "fig. 148", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Supino, I. B. <em>Les Deux Lippi</em>, 2nd edition. Translated by J. de Crozals. Florence: Alinari fre\u0300res, 1904.", "page_number": "pp. 18, 81, 88\u201389", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pittaluga, Mary. \"Lippi, Filippo and Filippino.\" <em>Encyclopedia of World Art</em>, Vol. IX. London: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 1964.", "page_number": "pp. 258\u2013266", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen. \u201cFra Filippo Lippi's Saints: Altarpiece panels by the Florentine master started life as a political gift.\u201d <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art's Member's Magazine </em>Vol. 55, No. 5 (September/October, 2015): 14\u201315, back cover.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fry, Roger. \u201cLa Mostra di Antichi Diptini alle 'Grafton Galleries' di Londra.\u201d <em>Rassegna d'Arte</em> X, No. 3 (March, 1910): 35\u201336.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://periodici.librari.beniculturali.it/visualizzatore.aspx?anno=1910&id_immagine=5005745&id_periodico=1162&id_testata=33"}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>New York: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "pp. 20\u201323", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and their Works with an Index of Places</em>, Vol. I: Florentine Schools<em>. </em>London: The Phaidon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 113", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and their Works with an Index of Places</em>, Vol. II: Florentine Schools<em>. </em>London: The Phaidon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "fig. 840", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vollmer, Hans. <em>Allegemeines Lexikon der Bildenden K\u00fcnstler. </em>Leipzig: Veb. E. A. Seemann, 1929.", "page_number": "pp. 271\u2013272", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B and Federico Zeri. <em>Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. </em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "pp. 106, 372, 433, 574", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Crowe, J. A. and G.B. Cavalcaselle. <em>Storia della Pittura in Italia, </em>Vol. 5, No. 6. Florence: Successori le Monnier, 1892.", "page_number": "pp. 162\u2013169", "url": "https://archive.org/details/gri_33125003146400/page/162/mode/2up?view=theater"}, {"citation": "Gaye, Giovanni. <em>Carteggio inedito d'Artisti dei secoli XIV, XV, XVI</em>, Vol. I. Florence: Giuseppe Molini, 1839.", "page_number": "pp. 176\u2013182", "url": "https://archive.org/details/gri_33125001009824/page/n189/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Venturi, Adolfo. <em>Storia dell'Arte Italiana</em>, Vol. VII. Milan: Libraio della Real Casa, 1911.", "page_number": "p. 378", "url": ""}, {"citation": "van Marle, Raimond. <em>The Development of the Italian Schools of Painting, </em>Vol. 10. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1923.", "page_number": "pp. 397\u2013398, 436, fig. 263", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. \"Three Drawings by Fra Filippo Lippi.\" <em>Old Master Drawings: A Quarterly Magazine for Students and Collectors</em>, Vol. 7 (June 1932\u2013March 1933). London: B. T. Batsford, Ltd., 1933.", "page_number": "p. 17, pl. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard.<em> I disegni dei pittori fiorentini. </em>Milano: Electa editrice, (1961).", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 129; Reproduced: vol. 3, fig. 175", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cFra Filippo Lippi: St. Michael and St. Anthony Abbot.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, No. 10 (December, 1964): 234\u2013235.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 234-235; Reproduced: Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152020"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n103"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "p. 79", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n103"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 30A & 30B, p. 80-3; colorplate XVI", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 90", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n110"}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklo\u0301s, ed. <em>Italian Paintings from the 13th to 15th Century.</em> Firenze, Italy: Polistampa, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "p. 276", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \"Fra Filippo Lippi's Saints: Altarpiece panels by the Florentine master started life as a political gift.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 5 (September/October 2015): 14-15.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 14-15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-05"}, {"citation": "Noelle, Alexander J., and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Filippino Lippi and Rome</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 92-93, no. 1", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.150", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_web.jpg", "width": "843", "height": "900", "filesize": "302851", "filename": "1964.150_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_print.jpg", "width": "3186", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3741604", "filename": "1964.150_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_full.tif", "width": "13200", "height": "14087", "filesize": "557880840", "filename": "1964.150_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "843", "height": "900", "filesize": "290168"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3186", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4049910"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13200", "height": "14087", "filesize": "557880016"}, "date_created": "2025-09-16T10:27:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "751", "height": "900", "filesize": "285912"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2836", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3385467"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10410", "height": "12482", "filesize": "389848204"}, "date_created": "2025-09-16T10:27:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "335", "height": "900", "filesize": "121811"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1265", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1055585"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2596", "height": "6976", "filesize": "54352912"}, "date_created": "2006-04-10T20:07:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "677", "height": "900", "filesize": "239308"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2559", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2296991"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.150/1964.150_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5208", "height": "6920", "filesize": "108142940"}, "date_created": "2006-04-10T20:10:27", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140148, "creators": [{"id": 2197, "description": "Fra Filippo Lippi (Italian, c. 1406\u20131469)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1406", "death_year": "1469", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1458, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1458", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:10:48.423000"}, {"id": 147020, "accession_number": "1972.50", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Samson, 1630\u201331. Valentin de Boulogne (French, 1591\u20131632). Oil on canvas; framed: 157 x 125 x 7 cm (61 13/16 x 49 3/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 135.6 x 102.8 cm (53 3/8 x 40 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1972.50", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Samson", "creation_date": "1630\u201331", "creation_date_earliest": 1630, "creation_date_latest": 1631, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 157 x 125 x 7 cm (61 13/16 x 49 3/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 135.6 x 102.8 cm (53 3/8 x 40 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.57, "height_inch": 61, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.25, "width_inch": 49, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.356, "height_inch": 53, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.028, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217143, "title": "Valentin de Boulogne: Beyond Caravaggio", "description": "<i>Valentin de Boulogne: Beyond Caravaggio</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 4, 2016-January 22, 2017); Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (February 22-May 22, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441198, "title": "La mirabil congiuntura': Urbano VIII, i Barberini, le arti, la cultura", "description": "<i>La mirabil congiuntura': Urbano VIII, i Barberini, le arti, la cultura</i>. Palazzo Barberini, Rome, Italy (organizer) (March 15-July 30, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29, 2007 - July 8, 2007)", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edoardo Almagi\u00e0 [b. 1928], Rome, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1921-1947", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Probably Roberto Almagi\u00e0 [1883-1947], by descent to his son, Edoardo Almagi\u00e0 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 There is no evidence that Roberto Almagi\u00e0 owned this painting, other than the likelihood that he inherited the painting from his father before it passed to his own son, Edoardo, who would later sell it to the Cleveland Museum of Art.</div><div><!--block--><br></div><ul><li><!--block--><br></li></ul>"], "date": "Probably 1921-1947", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ing. Dr. Edoardo Almagi\u00e0 [b. 1841], Rome, by descent to his son Roberto Almagi\u00e0, or grandson, Edoardo Almagi\u00e0 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Almagi\u00e0, a prominent engineer, appears to have acquired many of the Sciarra paintings prior to the 1899 sale, most likely in lieu of payments against outstanding debts, but seven of the Almagi\u00e0 paintings did come from the sale, including the Cleveland picture. &nbsp; A manuscript catalogue of Almagi\u00e0\u2019s collection attributes to the painting (No. 15) to Caroselli.&nbsp; &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "c. 1899-1921", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Galleria Sangiorgi, Rome, Sciarra sale, March 28, 1899, fifth sale, no. 363, sold to Edoardo Almagi\u00e0) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 The painting is attributed to Caroselli in the sale catalogue. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1899", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Colonna di Sciarra family, Rome 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 In 1728, Cornelia Barberini, the family heiress, married Giulio Cesare Colonna di Sciarra, and from that point on, the family was known as Barberini-Colonna, or Colonna di Sciarra.&nbsp; In 1812, after complicated litigation, the property of the Barberini family was divided between the Barberini and Sciarra branches of the family, and the Valentin entered the Colonna di Sciarra collection in Rome.&nbsp; Eventually, the painting ended up in the possession of Maffeo Barberini Colonna di Sciarra, who in 1891-1892 sold part of his collection illegally for export.&nbsp; He was heavily fined and sentenced to three months in jail.&nbsp; The decision was appealed, but his activities led to the financial ruin of the family.&nbsp; In 1897, Sciarra owed nearly two million lire to four parties, including Ing.&nbsp; Dr. Edoardo Almagi\u00e0.&nbsp; 126 paintings were to be accepted as payment against Sciarra\u2019s debts; however, for unknown reasons, the contract was never signed, and instead, 133 pictures were sold at auction at Galleria Sangiorgi in March 1899. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1812-1899", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Cardinals Francesco [1597 \u20131679] and Antonio Barberini [1607-1671], by inheritance within the Barberini family, Rome 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 This painting was commissioned by Cardinal Francesco Barberini in December 1630: \u201cA <em>Valentino </em>Pittore sc. 5 m.ta mettere in ord.e la Tela, e colori da far Un Sansone p S. Em.za \u20135 [III. MC. 26-31 136v.].&nbsp; In July 1631, 25 scudi were paid to Valentin: \u201cA Valentino Pittore per resto dell Quadro del Sansone a 25 sc.\u201418\u201d [III. Gius. 1501-1750. 1508] (see Doc. 345 in Marilyn Lavin\u2019s \u201cBarberini Inventories,\u201d 1975).&nbsp; One month later, the painting was incorrectly inventoried as by Poussin [III.inv. 26-31 and III.Barb.Lat. 5635; no. 482].&nbsp; In 1633 the painting was inventoried, together with Valentin\u2019s <em>David with the Head of Goliath, </em>as in the collection of Cardinal Antonio Barberini, Francesco\u2019s younger brother, and in 1649, the painting was apparently again in the collection of Francesco [III.inv. 49; no. 676], as Valentin.&nbsp; The painting was incorrectly inventoried again, this time as by Andrea Camassei, in 1738 [Arch. Barb. Ind. II, cred. VI, cas. 70, Maz. LXXXIX, Lett. I, no. 32]. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1631-1812", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The figure of Samson was likely a self-portrait of the artist.", "description": "The Old Testament hero Samson rests his head on his hand in a pensive, even melancholic pose. Objects on the table recall two of his heroic deeds: he killed a lion with his bare hands, and liberated the Israelites by slaughtering a thousand Philistines with a donkey\u2019s jawbone. Samson\u2019s cuirass, or breastplate, is joined at the shoulder by a clasp in the form of two bees\u2014the emblem of the Barberini family, who commissioned the painting around 1630. In 1627, the Barberini had engaged Valentin to paint another biblical hero, David victorious with the head of Goliath; the canvas depicting Samson was designed to be its pendant.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472329"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.50-samson"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cA Grandi Costruttori\u2026Impresa Almagi\u00e0,\u201d accessed May 29, 2014, http://sh1.webring.com/people/va/arcigno20000/almagia.htm.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Edoardo Almagi\u00e0, invoice, June 15, 1972, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>France in the Golden Age: Seventeenth-Century French Paintings in American Collections</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galleria Sangiorgi. <em>Tableaux, objets d'art.  </em>Rome: 1899.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>France in the Golden Age: Seventeenth-Century French Paintings in American Collections</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Filippo Mariotti, \u201cGalleria Colonna di Sciarra,\u201d <em>La Legislazione delle Belle Arti </em>(1892): 135.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>France in the Golden Age: Seventeenth-Century French Paintings in American Collections</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, and Marilyn Aronberg Lavin. <em>Seventeenth-Century Barberini Documents and Inventories of Art</em>. New York: New York University Press, 1975.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Keith Christiansen, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Oct. 27, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ramdohr, Friedrich Wilhelm Basilius von. <em>Ueber Mahlerei und Bildhauerarbeit in Rom: fu\u0308r Liebhaber des Schoenen in der Kunst</em>. Leipzig, Germany: Bei Weibmanns Erben und Reich, 1787.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nibby, A. <em>Itine\u0301raire de Rome et de Ses Environs</em>. Rome: [publisher not identified], 1842.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. I, p. 34", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015057087879"}, {"citation": "Pistolesi, Erasmo.<em> Descrizione di Roma e suoi contorni: con nuovo metodo breve e facile per vedere la citta\u0300 in otto giorni : adorna di incisioni de\u0300 primi bulini.</em> Roma: G. Gallarini, 1856. .", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 94", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044004590881"}, {"citation": "Mariotti, Filippo. <em>La Legislazione delle Belle Arti.</em> Roma: Unione Cooper. editr, 1892.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 135, no. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Orbaan, Johannes Albertus Franciscus. <em>Documenti sul barocco in Roma</em>. Rome, Italy:1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 511", "url": null}, {"citation": "Haskell, Francis. <em>Patrons and Painters; A Study in the Relations between Italian Art and Society in the Age of the Baroque</em>. London, United Kingdom: Chatto &amp; Windus, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blunt, Anthony. <em>The Paintings of Nicolas Poussin. Critical Catalogue</em>. London: Phaidon, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. 1, P. 158, no. L4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vivian, Frances. \"Poussin and Claude Seen from the Archivio Barberini.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 111, no. 801 (December 1969): 719-26.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 721-722", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/876165."}, {"citation": "Minneapolis Institute of Arts. <em>Catalogue of European Paintings in the Minneapolis Institute of Arts</em>. Minneapolis, MN: Institute of Arts, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard E. <em>Renaissance and Baroque Paintings from the Sciarra and Fiano Collections.</em> University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 32, no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard. \"Unknown Pictures by the Caraggisti (with Notes on Caravaggio and His Followers).\" <em>Storia dell'Arte </em>14 (1972): 149-161.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 151, P. 152, n. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borea, Evelina. \"Considerazione sulla Mostra 'Caravaggio e i suoi Seguaci' a Cleveland.\" Bollettino d'Arte LVII (1972): 154-164.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pepper, Stephen D. \"Caravaggio Rivedute e Coretto: La Mostra di Cleveland.\" <em>Arte Illustrata</em> V (1972): 170-178.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 171; Reproduced: P. 175, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. \"Caravaggesques at Cleveland.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 114, no. 827 (February 1972): 112-117.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 114", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/876893."}, {"citation": "Held, Julius S. \u201cCaravaggio and His Followers.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 60 (March 1972): 40\u201347.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brejon de Lavergne\u0301e, Arnauld, and Jean Pierre Cuzin.<em> I Caravaggeschi Francesi.</em> Roma: De Luca, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 88, 123, 126, 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Enggass, Robert. \"Review of Spear's Caravaggio and His Followers.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 55, no. 3 (September 1973): 460-462.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 462", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3049145"}, {"citation": "Thuillier, Jacques. <em>L'Opera Completa di Poussin.</em> Milano: Rizzoli, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 119, no. R21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lavin, Marilyn Aronberg. <em>Seventeenth-Century Barberini Documents and Inventories of Art</em>. New York. NY: New York University Press, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 43, p. 98, p. 114, p. 242, p. 530, p. 695", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n191"}, {"citation": "Nicolson, Benedict. <em>The International Caravaggesque Movement: Lists of Pictures by Caravaggio and His Followers Throughout Europe from 1590 to 1650</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 147-150; Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wine, Humphrey. <em>The Seventeenth Century French Paintings</em>. London, United Kingdom: National Gallery: Distributed by Yale University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 395, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, and Jean-Pierre Caillet. <em>La peinture franc\u0327aise</em>. Paris, France: Menge\u0300s, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York, NY: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40-43, Reproduced: no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fried, Michael. <em>The Moment of Caravaggio</em>. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and Sebastian Schu\u0308tze. <em>Caravaggio &amp; His Followers in Rome</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120, fig. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 182", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Theiler, Esther. \"Valentin de Boulogne's Portraits of Raffaello Menicucci -- The Buffoon Count of Monte San Savino.\" <em>Studiolo: Revue d'histoire de l'art de l'Acade\u0301mie de France a\u0300 Rome</em>. 13 (2016): 130-145.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 136, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sman, Gert Jan van der.<em> Carravaggio and the Painters of the North.</em> [Madrid]: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44, fig. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoine, Annick, Keith Christiansen, Patrizia Cavazzini, Jean-Pierre Cuzin, and Gianni Papi. <em>Valentin De Boulogne: Beyond Caravaggio</em>. New York, NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New Haven, CT : Distributed by Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 220-223; cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cavazzini, P. \"La Cattive Compagnie di Valentin 'L'Amador'.\" <em>Il giornale dell'arte</em> 34, no.368 (October 2016): Vernissage suppl. 16-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vernissage suppl. p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard E. \"An Invisible Web: Art Historians Behind the Collecting of Italian Baroque Art.\" In <em>Buying Baroque: Italian Seventeenth-Century Paintings Come to America</em>. Edited by Edgar Peters Bowron, 54-65. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Frick Collection, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 54-55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Massari, Anna Maria Ambrosini, ed. <em>Il Mestiere del Conoscitore, Roberto Longhi. </em>Bologna: Fondazione Federico Zeri, Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 353; Reproduced: p. 361; cat. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cicconi, Maurizia, Flaminia Gennari Santori, and Sebastian Schu\u0308tze. L'immagine sovrana: Urbano VIII e i Barberini. Roma : Officina libraria, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 230-231, cat 25", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.50", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "900", "filesize": "199837", "filename": "1972.50_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_print.jpg", "width": "2580", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2472500", "filename": "1972.50_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_full.tif", "width": "11085", "height": "14608", "filesize": "485828968", "filename": "1972.50_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2568", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1617445"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10952", "height": "14500", "filesize": "476448968"}, "date_created": "2015-08-21T12:04:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "680", "height": "900", "filesize": "150296"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2569", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1946204"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10965", "height": "14510", "filesize": "477335364"}, "date_created": "2015-08-21T11:19:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "900", "filesize": "165821"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2635", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1880580"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5405", "height": "6975", "filesize": "113129660"}, "date_created": "2015-08-21T10:41:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "673", "height": "893", "filesize": "92656"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2562", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1154039"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3648", "height": "4840", "filesize": "53002212"}, "date_created": "2013-10-21T15:56:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "342625"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2551", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4185714"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.50/1972.50_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3751", "height": "5000", "filesize": "56295064"}, "date_created": "2006-04-11T14:38:26", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 147020, "creators": [{"id": 1973, "description": "Valentin de Boulogne (French, 1591\u20131632)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1591", "death_year": "1632", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-06-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1630, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1630\u201331", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:32:31.502000"}, {"id": 129216, "accession_number": "1952.109", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Front Cover for a Gospel Book of French Cardinal Jean La Balou (1421-1491), c. 1467\u201368. Italy, Florence, 15th century. Nielloed silver plaques within gilt-silver borders; overall: 41.6 x 29.6 x 1.6 cm (16 3/8 x 11 5/8 x 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1952.109", "current_location": null, "title": "Front Cover for a Gospel Book of French Cardinal Jean La Balou (1421-1491)", "creation_date": "c. 1467\u201368", "creation_date_earliest": 1462, "creation_date_latest": 1473, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 15th century"], "technique": "nielloed silver plaques within gilt-silver borders", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Renaissance", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 41.6 x 29.6 x 1.6 cm (16 3/8 x 11 5/8 x 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.416, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.296, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.016, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301170, "title": "Prints 1400-1800", "description": "<i>Prints 1400-1800</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 18, 1956-January 20, 1957); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 1-March 3, 1957); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (November 1-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-12-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309581, "title": "Master Goldsmiths of the Renaissance: Their Models and Designs", "description": "<i>Master Goldsmiths of the Renaissance: Their Models and Designs</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 2, 1982-March 20, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "<i>Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 189675, "title": "Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections", "description": "<i>Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-April 12, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185724, "title": "Battle of the Nudes: Pollaiuolo's Renaissance Masterpiece", "description": "<i>Battle of the Nudes: Pollaiuolo's Renaissance Masterpiece</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 25-October 27, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-08-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 8 - April 12, 1998.  \"Vatican Treasures:  Early Christian, Reniassance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections,\" exh. cat. no. 33, pp. 111.", "opening_date": "1998-02-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage (1971), no.44", "opening_date": "1971-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; August 25-October 27, 2002.  \"Battle of the Nudes:  Pollaiuolo's Rennaissance Masterpiece\". exh. cat. number 22, p. 23.", "opening_date": "2002-08-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jean La Balue.  Pope Paul II.  The Vatican.  Manfrin, Venice.  Barker, England (1862).  Baron Anselm de Rothschild (1864).  Baron Nathaniel de Rothschild, Vienna.  Baron Alphonse de Rothschild.  (Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Scenes from Christ\u2019s infancy decorate this cover that once adorned the front of a gospel book. It is made up of a series of silver plaques held together by gilt-silver borders. The plaques are engraved, and the resulting fine lines or depressions have been filled with a silver sulfide alloy, lustrous black in color, in a technique called niello. It is one of the finest examples of this decorative technique for which Florence was renowned in the 15th century. This cover and its manuscript once belonged to the French cardinal, Jean La Balou, who was jailed in 1469. He presented his gospel book to Pope Paul II as a gift, perhaps in the hope of receiving his freedom. The gospel book, of which its two covers have survived (the back cover is in the Minneapolis Institute of Arts), remained in the papal apartments until the end of the 18th century, perhaps leaving when Napoleon\u2019s troops held the Vatican.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746272"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.109-front-cover-for-a-go"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cA Niello Book Cover of the Fifteenth Century.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 39, no. 6 (June 1952): 119\u2013121.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 119-121", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141799"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 230", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n50"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n104"}, {"citation": "Degenhart, Bernhard, Annegrit Schmitt, Hans-Joachim Eberhardt, Susanne Wagini, and Lorenza Melli. Corpus der italienischen Zeichnungen, 1300-1450. Berlin : Mann, 1968-1990. Mu\u0308nchen : Biering &amp; Brinkmann, 2004-2010. Petersberg : Michael Imhof Verlag, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 139, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n104"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n111"}, {"citation": "Winter, Patrick M. de. \u201cRecent Accessions of Italian Renaissance Decorative Arts, Part I: Incorporating Notes on the Sculptor Severo Da Ravenna.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 3 (March 1986): 74\u2013138.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 80, fig. 15", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159934"}, {"citation": "Melli, Lorenza. <em>Corpus der Italienischen Zeichnungen, 1300-1450. </em>Petersberg : Michael Imhof Verlag, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 139, fig. 3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.109", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.109/1952.109_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "893", "filesize": "561504", "filename": "1952.109_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.109/1952.109_print.jpg", "width": "2535", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7654916", "filename": "1952.109_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.109/1952.109_full.tif", "width": "4441", "height": "5957", "filesize": "79399948", "filename": "1952.109_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.109/1952.109_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "893", "filesize": "447610"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.109/1952.109_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2509", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7987238"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.109/1952.109_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4308", "height": "5839", "filesize": "75493144"}, "date_created": "2009-01-09T20:10:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.109/1952.109_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "654", "height": "893", "filesize": "552332"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.109/1952.109_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1499", "height": "2048", "filesize": "3010116"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.109/1952.109_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1499", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9213316"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129216, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-03-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1462, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1467\u201368", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Front Cover for a Gospel Book with Scenes from the Infancy of Christ and Bearing the Arms of Cardinal Jean La Balue (1421-1491)", "Front Cover for a Gospel Book of Cardinal Jean Balue"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:59:33.490000"}, {"id": 95272, "accession_number": "1916.1044", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gardener's House at Antibes, 1888. Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926). Oil on fabric; framed: 91.1 x 118.4 x 13.7 cm (35 7/8 x 46 5/8 x 5 3/8 in.); unframed: 66.3 x 93 cm (26 1/8 x 36 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1044", "current_location": null, "title": "Gardener's House at Antibes", "creation_date": "1888", "creation_date_earliest": 1888, "creation_date_latest": 1888, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 91.1 x 118.4 x 13.7 cm (35 7/8 x 46 5/8 x 5 3/8 in.); Unframed: 66.3 x 93 cm (26 1/8 x 36 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.911, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.184, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.137, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.663, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.93, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: Claude Monet\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616624, "title": "Fifty Years of French Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of French Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 29-November 29, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-10-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338192, "title": "Exhibition of French Painting", "description": "<i>Exhibition of French Painting</i>. Parkersburg Art Center (organizer) (October 1-30, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-10-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355548, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: The Rise of the Landscape in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: The Rise of the Landscape in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9-September 26, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338130, "title": "Claude Monet: a loan exhibition", "description": "<i>Claude Monet: a loan exhibition</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum (organizer) (September 25-October 22, 1957); Minneapolis Institute of Art (November 1-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304401, "title": "The Monet Triptych: Water Lilies", "description": "<i>The Monet Triptych: Water Lilies</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 18, 1979-February 17, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-04-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338127, "title": "Discerning Tastes: Montreal Collectors, 1880-1920", "description": "<i>Discerning Tastes: Montreal Collectors, 1880-1920</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts (December 15, 1989-February 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 213613, "title": "Monet and the Mediterranean", "description": "<i>Monet and the Mediterranean</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer); The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (October 10, 1997-January 4, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-06-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 226090, "title": "Monet, Retrospective", "description": "<i>Monet, Retrospective</i>. The Yamaguchi Prefectural Museum of Art, Yamaguchi, Japan (organizer) (July 5-September 30, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224416, "title": "L'oro e l'azzurro, I colori del Sud da C\u00e9zanne a Bonnard", "description": "<i>L'oro e l'azzurro, I colori del Sud da C\u00e9zanne a Bonnard</i>. Casa dei Carraresi, 31100 Treviso, Italy (October 10, 2003-March 7, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 292174, "title": "Monet and Architecture", "description": "<i>Monet and Architecture</i>. National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (April 9-July 29, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304929, "title": "Claude Monet", "description": "<i>Claude Monet</i>. Albertina, Wien, Austria (organizer) (September 21, 2018-January 6, 2019) https://www.albertina.at/en/exhibitions/monet/.", "opening_date": "2018-09-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395292, "title": "Monet in Full Light", "description": "<i>Monet in Full Light</i>. Grimaldi Forum - Monaco, MC 98001 Monaco cedex (organizer) (July 8-September 3, 2023) https://www.grimaldiforum.com/en/events-schedule-monaco/exhibition-monet-full-light-grimaldi-forum-monaco.", "opening_date": "2023-07-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 662787, "title": "Monet in Focus", "description": "<i>Monet in Focus</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 31-August 11, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-10-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 672923, "title": "Monet's Ecology", "description": "<i>Monet's Ecology</i>. Museu de Arte de S\u00e3o Paulo Assis Chateaubriand - MASP, Sao Paolo, Brazil (organizer) (May 16-September 7, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-05-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Cleveland Art Loan Exposition under the Auspices of the Cleveland School of Art.</em> Kinney and Levan Building, Cleveland, OH (1913).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris, France, 1891, purchased from the artist).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 20, 1891", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris, France, sold to Duran-Ruel, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1891", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Duran-Ruel, New York, NY, April 19, 1892 sold to W. C. van Horne, Montreal, Canada)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1892", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "W. C. van Horne [1843-1915], Montreal, Canada, sold back to Durand-Ruel, New York, NY August 24,1892.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1892", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, New York, NY, September 7, 1892, sold to J. Cook, St. Louis, MO)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1892-1893", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Bought back by Durand-Ruel, New York, together with Boussod et Valadon at the W. H. Johnson-J. Cook sale, 11 March 1893.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1893", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Sold by Durand-Ruel, New York, to Jeptha H. Wade on 11 March 1893.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1893", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Jeptha H.Wade, given to the CMA in 1916.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1893-1916", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Monet painted 35 canvases during his visit to Antibes from January to May 1888.", "description": "In 1888, Claude Monet spent four months in Antibes, a city in southeastern France on the Mediterranean coast, to derive inspiration for painting. Although his visit was occasionally challenged by strong winds that threatened to knock over his easel, the artist was able to complete nearly 40 works. This especially vibrant canvas is a depiction of a gardener\u2019s house set against the sea and the distant Alps. Monet portrays intense midday light through thickly applied paint in bright colors that evoke the region\u2019s sun-drenched climate. Small daubs of green on the slender trees framing the house suggest the onset of spring.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51579215"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1044-gardener-s-house-at"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Warner, Langdon. \u201cThe Wade Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> IV, no. 1 (January, 1917): 3-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136053"}, {"citation": "\"Recent Changes in the Painting Galleries.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 5, no. 2/3 (1918): 22-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136174"}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \"French Art since Eighteen Hundred.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 155-57.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137246."}, {"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello. <em>Les archives de l'impressionnisme. Lettres de Renoir, Monet, Pissaro, Sisley et autres. Me\u0301moires de Paul Durand-Ruel. Documents.</em> Paris, New York: Durand-Ruel, editeurs, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: v. 1, p. 340.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Two Landscapes by Claude Monet.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>35, no. 1 (January 1948): 4-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141425"}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduction: v. 2, p. 252.", "url": null}, {"citation": "City Art Museum of St. Louis. <em>Claude Monet, a Loan Exhibition</em>. 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 503", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n92"}, {"citation": "Henning, E. B. \u201cCleveland Museum of Art: from Turner to Guston.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors </em>78 (December 1963): 481-488.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 485", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n200"}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Museum,1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 211.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art.</em> Cleveland: World Pub. Co, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n200"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Pablo Picasso-Bouteille, Verre et Fourchette.\" <em>The</em> <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LIX, (September 1972): 198-199.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. <em>Claude Monet: Biographie et Catalogue Raisonne\u0301.</em> Lausanne: La Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: v. 3, no. 1165", "url": null}, {"citation": "d'Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings.</em> Part 4, Vol. II, European Paintings of the 19th Century. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 456, no. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"An Introduction to Landscape Painting.\" <em>Arts and <br>Activities </em>82, no. 3 (1977):34-39.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n236"}, {"citation": "Bortolatto, Luigina Rossi. <em>Tout l'\u0153uvre peint de Monet, 1870-1889.</em> Paris: Flammarion, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109, fig. 321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \"The Rembrandt and Monet of Marcel Proust.\"<em> The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>LXX, no.2 (February, 1983): 73-95.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89, fig. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 34, pl. 1; Mentioned and reproduced: P. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooke, Janet M. <em>Discerning Tastes: Montreal Collectors, 1880-1920, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts</em>. Montreal, Canada: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 45, p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ku\u0308ster, Bernd. <em>Monet: seine Reisen in den Su\u0308den.</em> Hamburg: Ellert &amp; Richter, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. <em>Monet.</em> Ko\u0308ln: Taschen, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: v. 3, no. 1165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isaacson, Joel. \"Claude Monet.\" In <em>The Dictionary of Art.</em> J. S. Turner, ed., 861-868. New York: Grove, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 867", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan, \u201cCleveland Collectors a Century Ago\u201d, <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 36 no. 05, May 1996", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-05/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim<em>. Monet and the Mediterranean</em>. New York: Rizzoli in association with the Kimbell Art Museum; Fort Worth, Texas, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 58, p. 130-131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shackleford, George. \"Fort Worth and New York: Monet and the Mediterranean.\" <em>Burlington Magazine </em>139 (October 1997): 716-719.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 719", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kirsh, Andrea, and Rustin S. Levenson. <em>Seeing Through Paintings: Physical Examination in Art Historical Studies</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: verso no. 47, p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Kuro\u0304do Mone ten = Claude Monet</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Asano Kenkyu\u0304jo, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldin, Marco. <em>L'oro e l'azzurro: i colori del sud da Ce\u0301zanne a Bonnard. </em>Conegliano [Italy]: Linea d'ombra Libri, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elue\u0300re, Christiane. <em>Monet et la Riviera</em>. [Paris?]: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170, fig. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>Monet &amp; Architecture</em>. London, England: National Gallery Company, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70-73, pl. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bauer, Gunhild. \"Monet's Journeys of the 1880s: \"Plunging Both Hands Into the Ocean.\" In <em>Claude Monet: A Floating World.</em> Heinz Widauer and Dieter Buchhart, eds., 55-79. Vienna: The Albertina Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 126-129, cat. 47; reproduced: p. 241, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry. Monet. 2020, 120.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; pp. 119-120, fig. 102.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry. Monet. 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; pp. 155-156, fig. 129", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Labarr\u00e8re, Andr\u00e9 Z. \"Antibes/Juan-les-Pins.\" In <em>Monet en Pleine Lumi\u00e8re, </em>edited by. Marianne Mathieu, 242-263. Exh. cat. Vanves: Hazan; Monaco: Grimaldi Forum Monaco, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 255; Reproduced: p. 257, cat. 87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lefebvre, G\u00e9raldine. \"Monet's Gardens: From Le Havre to Giverny.\" In <em>Monet\u2019s Ecology, </em>edited by Adriano Pedrosa and Fernando Oliva, 190-231. S\u00e3o Paulo: Museu de Arte de S\u00e3o Paulo Assis Chateaubriand (MASP), 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 229, no. 141", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1044", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1044/1916.1044_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "640", "filesize": "412101", "filename": "1916.1044_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1044/1916.1044_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2418", "filesize": "5866869", "filename": "1916.1044_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1044/1916.1044_full.tif", "width": "15628", "height": "11116", "filesize": "521195240", "filename": "1916.1044_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1044/1916.1044_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "469288"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1044/1916.1044_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "6490285"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1044/1916.1044_alt0_full.tif", "width": "15995", "height": "11996", "filesize": "575661496"}, "date_created": "2017-05-09T14:14:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1044/1916.1044_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "636", "filesize": "435011"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1044/1916.1044_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2404", "filesize": "4307037"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1044/1916.1044_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5513", "height": "3898", "filesize": "64501116"}, "date_created": "2005-09-26T14:55:38", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95272, "creators": [{"id": 1844, "description": "Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Claude Monet spent his youth in Le Havre in Normandy, where his father worked as a wholesale grocer. By the age of sixteen, he had exhibited some of his caricatures in an art supply store, leading to his acquaintance with Boudin (q.v.). It was Boudin who first encouraged him to paint out of doors. In 1859 Monet traveled to Paris, where he saw Boudin's salon debut and met Constant Troyon (1810-1865). A year later he joined the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse, where he was introduced to Pissarro (q.v.), but his studies were interrupted in 1861 when he was drafted for a seven-year stint in the military. His family would pay for his release from military duties only if he gave up painting. Finding this unacceptable, Monet served for one year in Algeria before an early return to France to convalesce after a severe illness. In 1862 he met Jongkind (q.v.), another important influence on the young painter's development. Monet's father then allowed him to pursue his art career in Paris, where he entered the studio of the Swiss painter Charles Gleyre (1806-1874). He studied with Gleyre until 1864 and befriended Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Renoir (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.), with whom he painted in the forest of Fontainebleau (D\u00e9jeuner sur l'herbe, 1865, two fragments in Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). Monet first exhibited at the Salon of 1865 and would do so again in 1866, 1868, and 1880. In 1868 he shared a studio with Bazille and Renoir but was soon forced to leave Paris to escape his creditors. He took his mistress, Camille Doncieux, and their son, Jean, to F\u00e9camp, then \u00c9tretat, and finally Saint-Michel. There Renoir provided hospitality, and the two also painted at the boating and bathing center of La Grenouill\u00e8re on the Seine. In 1870 Monet married Camille and, to escape the Franco-Prussian War, left for London, where he remained for nine months and met Durand-Ruel, his first dealer. In the summer of 1871 he visited the Netherlands and then settled in Argenteuil, to the west of Paris. He converted a boat into a studio, as Daubigny (q.v.) had done before him, allowing him to explore different viewpoints for his landscapes. He assisted in the organization of the First Impressionist Exhibition in 1874, partly because Durand-Ruel's worsened business situation had prevented the dealer from buying his art. The following year he participated in the H\u00f4tel Drouot sale with Morisot (q.v.), Renoir, and Sisley. In 1878 Monet and his wife moved to V\u00e9theuil with the Hosched\u00e9s, who had previously commissioned some works. Camille died the following year, and, while Ernest Hosched\u00e9 spent most of his time in Paris trying to settle his precarious financial situation, Monet stayed behind with Ernest's wife, Alice. In 1881 he moved with her and her children to Poissy and within two years was living at Giverny, where he would remain for the rest of his life. He painted some of his famous scenes-the haystack and poplar series, for example- in 1890-91. Ernest Hosched\u00e9 died in 1891, and Monet married Alice the following year. At Giverny, Monet explored the themes of his garden and water lilies. He continued to travel, going to Norway in 1895, making three trips to London from 1899 through 1901, and taking Alice to Venice in 1908. The final years of his life were mainly spent working on his Great Decorations, large paintings of a water lily pond designed for two oval rooms at the Paris Orangerie. Monet is generally considered the most typical exponent of impressionism.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1926", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-10-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1888, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1888", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Antibes"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:55:37.898000"}, {"id": 119614, "accession_number": "1940.465", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study for the Nude Youth over the Prophet Daniel (recto); Figure Studies for the Sistine Ceiling (verso), 1510\u201311. Michelangelo Buonarroti (Italian, 1475\u20131564). Red chalk over black chalk or charcoal; sheet: 34.3 x 24.3 cm (13 1/2 x 9 9/16 in.); secondary support: 34.4 x 24.4 cm (13 9/16 x 9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in memory of Henry G. Dalton by his nephews George S. Kendrick and Harry D. Kendrick, 1940.465", "current_location": null, "title": "Study for the Nude Youth over the Prophet Daniel (recto); Figure Studies for the Sistine Ceiling (verso)", "creation_date": "1510\u201311", "creation_date_earliest": 1510, "creation_date_latest": 1511, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "red chalk over black chalk or charcoal", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(2) laid paper, perimeter mounted to gray laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 34.3 x 24.3 cm (13 1/2 x 9 9/16 in.); Secondary Support: 34.4 x 24.4 cm (13 9/16 x 9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.343, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.243, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.344, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.244, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "recto: lower right, in brown ink: 55 [crossed out]\nverso: upper center, in brown ink: [Jr?]; upper right, in brown ink: V./.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355313, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Ways of Drawing Nudes", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Ways of Drawing Nudes</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-June 6, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-01-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361626, "title": "Seven Centuries of Italian Art", "description": "<i>Seven Centuries of Italian Art</i>. Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, RI (organizer) (April 12-May 21, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 337140, "title": "Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums</i>. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo (organizer) (September 11-October 17, 1976); Kyoto National Museum (November 2-December 5, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304283, "title": "Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 15-December 4, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304379, "title": "The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles", "description": "<i>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 6-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309654, "title": "The Lessons of the Academy", "description": "<i>The Lessons of the Academy</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-May 29, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-02-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 189675, "title": "Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections", "description": "<i>Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-April 12, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211368, "title": "From Raphael to the Carracci: The Art of Papal Rome", "description": "<i>From Raphael to the Carracci: The Art of Papal Rome</i>. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (organizer) (May 29-September 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-05-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207487, "title": "Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer", "description": "<i>Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (November 6, 2017-February 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-11-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281457, "title": "Michelangelo: Mind of the Master", "description": "<i>Michelangelo: Mind of the Master</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2019-January 5, 2020); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (co-organizer) (February 25-November 1, 2020) https://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/michelangelo_drawings/.", "opening_date": "2019-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Pierre Crozat, Paris (L. 3612), his sale 1741", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1741", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Pierre Jean Mariette (L. 1852), Paris, his sale 1775-76, lot 236", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1775-76", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "B\u00fcrckel family, Vienna", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Dr. Alexander de Frey, Temesvar, Romania, his sale, 1933, lot 7 (as school of Michelangelo)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1933", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "with Wildenstein & Co., New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1934-37", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "purchased by Henry G. Dalton (1862-1939), Cleveland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1937", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "by descent to his nephews George S. and Harry D. Kendrick, Cleveland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When Michelangelo ran out of room for the figure's left foot, he turned the paper over and drew the foot in detail along with three additional sketches of the big toe.", "description": "Universally considered one of the greatest artists of the Italian Renaissance, Michelangelo devoted four years to painting the vast ceiling fresco in the Sistine Chapel. This preparatory study portrays one of the 20 athletic male nudes, known as ignudi, who serve as supporting figures at each corner of the Old Testament scenes painted down the center of the ceiling. Michelangelo worked out the positioning of the ignudi in red chalk drawings before beginning to paint each section of wet plaster. The energy and monumentality of the figure in red chalk, whose body extends beyond the sheet, suggests the heroic athleticism of Michelangelo\u2019s sculpture.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80014695"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.465-study-for-the-nude-y"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Galerie Jean Charpentier. Dr. Alexander de Frey Collection. Sale catalogue, Galerie Jean Charpentier, Paris, June 12-14, 1933.", "page_number": "p. 17, no. 7, illus. pl. II (verso, as school of Michelangelo)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. The Drawings of the Florentine Painters. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press, 1938.", "page_number": "Vol 2, p. 213, no. 1599AA", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Drawing in Red Chalk by Michelangelo.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 30, no. 3 (March 1943): 25-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25-26; Reproduced: p. 27", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141045"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 570", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n106"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. The Cleveland Museum of Art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "reproduced p. 36 (recto)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dussler, Luitpold. Die Zeichnungen Des Michelangelo; Kritischer Katalog. Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1959. (as follower of Michelangelo)", "page_number": "p. 208, no. 387", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barocchi, Paola. Michelangelo e la sua scuola i disegni di casa Buonarroti e degli uffizi. Firenze: L.S. Olschki, 1962.", "page_number": "vol. I, pp. 24-25, 150, 180", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n116"}, {"citation": "Rhode Island School of Design. <em>Seven Centuries of Italian Art. A Benefit Exhibition for CRIA to Honor Rhode Island's Italian Festival</em>, [Providence]: [Foremost Lithograph Co.], 1967.", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n116"}, {"citation": "Hartt, Frederick. Michelangelo Drawings. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "pp. 20, 82, no. 79, p. 86, no. 104, repr. p. 98 (verso); repr. p. 108 (recto)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P. <em>Florence and the Arts; Five Centuries of Patronage</em>. 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Tolnay, Charles. Corpus dei disegni di Michelangelo. Novara: Istituto geografico De Agostini, 1975.", "page_number": "vol. I, p. 112, no. 147, repr. pl. 147 (recto and verso)", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces of World Art from American Museums from Ancient Egyptian to Contemporary Art.</em> Tokyo: National Museum of Western Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. \"A Design for the Sistine Chapel Ceiling.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 1 (January 1976): 12-26.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 12-14, fig. 2-3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152620"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n126"}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., and Jane Glaubinger. <em>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles.</em> Cleveland: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with the Indiana University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 10- 11, p. 16, p. 25, p. 57, pp. 81-83, cat. no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Michael. \"A Michelangelo Drawing.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 5 (May 1990): 146-174.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 146-174; Reproduced: Cover, p. 146, fig. 1, Back, p. 148, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161284"}, {"citation": "Miller, Bruce F. \"Technical Note on the Cleveland Michelangelo Drawing.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 5 (1990): 175-179.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177; Mentioned: p. 175-179", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161285"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 6, 30-33, 284; Reproduced: P. 31-32, cat. no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joannides, Paul, and Raphael. Raphael and His Age: Drawings from the Palais Des Beaux-Arts, Lille. [France]: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 18, fig. 2 (recto)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldner, George R. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" [Exhibition Catalogue] by Diane De Grazia, Carter E. Foster] <em>Master Drawings</em> Master Drawings Vol. 40, No. 2 (Summer, 2002), pp. 174-176.", "page_number": "p. 175, no. 6 (as copy)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Acidini Luchinat, Cristina. Michelangelo pittore. Milano: F. Motta, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 206n70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zo\u0308llner, Frank, Christof Thoenes, Thomas Po\u0308pper, and Benedikt Taschen. Michelangelo, 1475-1564: Complete Works. Hong Kong: Taschen, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 752", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brothers, Cammy. Michelangelo, Drawing, and the Invention of Architecture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "pp. 32, 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., Burton L. Dunbar, and Robert Munman. Sixteenth-Century Italian Drawings: A Corpus of Drawings in Midwestern Collections. London: Harvey Miller, 2008.", "page_number": "vol. I, pp. 234-38, no. 191", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gasparri, Carlo, David Franklin, Ingrid D. Rowland, and Sebastian Schu\u0308tze. <em>From Raphael to Carracci: The Art of Papal Rome.</em> Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 9, p. 93-95.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 155", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chapman, H. \"Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer.\" <em>Master Drawings</em> 56, no.3 (Autumn 2018): 385-390.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 387, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chapman, Hugo. \"Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer.\" <em>Master Drawings </em>56, No. 3 (Autumn 2018): 385-390", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; pp. 386-387, figs. 3-4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, Laure Barthe\u0301lemy-Labeeuw, Marie-Liesse Delcroix, Stefania Lumetta, and Pierre-Jean Mariette. <em>Les dessins de la collection Mariette: e\u0301coles italienne et espagnole</em>. Paris : Somogy \u00c9ditions d\u2019art, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 692-693, I1173", "url": null}, {"citation": "Peters, Emily J. and Julian Brooks, with Edina Adam, Marjan Scharloo, and Carel van Tuyll van Serooskerken. <em>Michelangelo: Mind of the Master</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 62-67, cat. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cSupporter Story: Chace and Josie Anderson.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 62, no. 4 (December 2022): 32-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 33.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.465", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.465/1940.465_web.jpg", "width": "526", "height": "900", "filesize": "220763", "filename": "1940.465_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.465/1940.465_print.jpg", "width": "1986", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2072360", "filename": "1940.465_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.465/1940.465_full.tif", "width": "4178", "height": "7154", "filesize": "89704172", "filename": "1940.465_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift in memory of Henry G. Dalton by his nephews George S. Kendrick and Harry D. Kendrick", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119614, "creators": [{"id": 1171, "description": "Michelangelo Buonarroti (Italian, 1475\u20131564)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1475", "death_year": "1564", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-10-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1510, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1510\u201311", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Studies for the Sistine Ceiling: Ignudo", "Studies for the Sistine Chapel Ceiling: The Nude Figure next to the Prophet Daniel"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:10:26.219000"}, {"id": 123431, "accession_number": "1943.657", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Invocation to Love, c. 1781. Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard (French, 1732\u20131806). Brush and brown wash with graphite squaring lines and underdrawing on cream laid paper; sheet: 33.5 x 41.6 cm (13 3/16 x 16 3/8 in.); secondary support: 37.6 x 47.8 cm (14 13/16 x 18 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1943.657", "current_location": null, "title": "Invocation to Love", "creation_date": "c. 1781", "creation_date_earliest": 1776, "creation_date_latest": 1786, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Brush and brown wash with graphite squaring lines and underdrawing on cream laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper, laid down on board (mount by Fran\u00e7ois Renaud, second half of 18th Century)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 33.5 x 41.6 cm (13 3/16 x 16 3/8 in.); Secondary Support: 37.6 x 47.8 cm (14 13/16 x 18 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.335, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.416, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.376, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.478, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Secondary support, lower right, in graphite: 62 [L?]3", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso of secondary support, center left, in graphite: Salon", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361353, "title": "The Eighteenth Century: Art of France and England", "description": "<i>The Eighteenth Century: Art of France and England</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (organizer) (April 27-May 31, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-04-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360892, "title": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse", "description": "<i>French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse</i>. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (July 31-September 28, 1958); Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (October 24, 1958-January 2, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 3-March 15, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "<i>Aspects of Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518662, "title": "French Masters: Rococo to Romanticism", "description": "<i>French Masters: Rococo to Romanticism</i>. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (March 5-April 18, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "<i>European Watercolors Through the 18th Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361355, "title": "French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections", "description": "<i>French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (September 2-October 15, 1972); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (September 2-October 15, 1972); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (November 3-December 17, 1972); The New York Cultural Center, New York, NY (April 4-May 13, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361356, "title": "Rubenism", "description": "<i>Rubenism</i>. David Winton Bell Gallery, Providence, RI (January 30-February 23, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361357, "title": "Drawings by Fragonard in North American Collections", "description": "<i>Drawings by Fragonard in North American Collections</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (November 16, 1978-January 21, 1979); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (February 15-April 1, 1979); Frick Collection, New York, NY (April 20-June 3, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361358, "title": "\u30d5\u30e9\u30b4\u30ca\u30fc\u30eb\u5c55 (Fragonard Exhibition)", "description": "<i>\u30d5\u30e9\u30b4\u30ca\u30fc\u30eb\u5c55 (Fragonard Exhibition)</i>. National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (March 18-May 11, 1980); Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, Kyoto, Japan (May 24-June 29, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-03-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>18th Century Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "<i>French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361359, "title": "Fragonard", "description": "<i>Fragonard</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (organizer) (September 24, 1987-January 4, 1988); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 2-May 8, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "<i>Rococo, Revolution, Restoration</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361360, "title": "Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawing", "description": "<i>Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawing</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (July 22-September 19, 1993); Philadelphia Museum of Art (October 30, 1993-January 2, 1994); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (February 6-April 3, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-07-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217099, "title": "Consuming Passion: Fragonard's Pictures of Love", "description": "<i>Consuming Passion: Fragonard's Pictures of Love</i>. Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, MA (October 28, 2007-January 21, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Fran\u00e7ois Renaud [active late 18th-early 19th century; Lugt 1042], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The provenance of this work has been confused in the literature because of a similar sheet in the Princeton University Art Museum. Two eighteenth-century sale catalogues could refer to either work: that of M de Sireul (Lugt 3329) and an anonymous catalogue for March 24, 1783 (experts: Le Brun and Boileaux), under no. 39 (according to O'Neill 1981). The Princeton drawing, which measures 35.4 x 46.3 cm, has been connected to the Sireul sheet (recorded as measuring 35.1 x 45.9 cm) as their dimensions correspond fairly closely, but whether the two are the same is difficult to know with absolute certainty. The drawing in the Marcille sale could also have been either sheet. The Princeton drawing is traceable directly back to the Walferdin sale (Ross 1983). Most of the literature on the Cleveland sheet lists the French painter Pierre-D\u00e9sir\u00e9-Eug\u00e8ne Franc Lamy (Lugt 949b) as a previous owner and either states or implies that his mark is present on the sheet's mount (see Grace Rainey Rogers sale, Parke Bernet Galleries, New York, 18-20 November 1943, no. 46; Rotterdam et al. 1958-60; Los Angeles 1961; Ananoff 1961-70; Toronto et al. 1972-73; Providence 1975; Washington et al. 1978-79; Tokyo/Kyoto 1980; Los Angeles et al. 1993-94). His mark is not present, however.</div>"], "date": "?-by 1781", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Possibly M. Sireul", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-by 1781", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Chez M. Boileau, Paris, Tableaux et dessins pre\u0301cieux qui composent le cabinet de M. de Sireul, December 3, 1781, no. 241, possibly sold to Fran\u00e7ois-Martial Marcille)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As \"une jeune fille invoquant l'Amour, au pied de sa Statue; le fond pr\u00e9sente une intention de Paysage.\"</div>"], "date": "1781", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Possibly Fran\u00e7ois-Martial Marcille [1790-1856], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1857", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Paris, M. Marcille sale, March 4-7, 1857, under no. 416, sold to Pierre D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Eug\u00e8ne Franc Lamy)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As \"pri\u00e8re \u00e0 l'amour et sc\u00e8ne de famille 2 dessins lav\u00e9s au bistre.\"</div>"], "date": "1857", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Pierre D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Eug\u00e8ne Franc Lamy [1855-1919; Lugt 949b], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to letter from F\u00e9lix Wildenstein, CMA files.</div>"], "date": "1857-about 1922", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., Inc., New York, sold to Grace Rainey Rogers)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to letter from F\u00e9lix Wildenstein, CMA files.</div>"], "date": "about 1922", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers [1867-1943], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to letter from F\u00e9lix Wildenstein, CMA files.</div>"], "date": "1922-1943", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, Notable...Paintings and Drawings...Property of the Estate of the Late Grace Rainey Rogers, November 18-20, 1943, no. 46, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing contains squaring\u2014a grid underlying the image\u2014suggesting it's a smaller drawn replica of a related oil painting.", "description": "Fragonard used gardens as the setting for love and courtship in some of his most important works. One such scene, this drawing depicts a woman pleading for help from a statue of Eros, the god of love. He wears a blindfold, suggesting an uncertain outcome for the woman, as does a Cupid who indifferently leans on an orb nearby. Like other artists in 18th-century France, Fragonard was deeply influenced by historic imagery of the Garden of Love\u2014a pastoral and idyllic contained landscape. He revisited the specific image seen here multiple times, in two oil paintings (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre and private collection, New York) and another drawing (Princeton University Art Museum).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760332"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.657-invocation-to-love"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue des tableaux et dessins pr\u00e9cieux qui composent le cabinet de M. de Sireul</em>. Paris: Chez M. Boileau, 1791.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Portalis, Roger. <em>Honore\u0301 Fragonard, sa vie et son oeuvre</em>. Paris: J. Rothschild, 1889.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 305", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Notable French Furniture of the Eighteenth Century, Paintings and Drawings...Property of the Estate of the Late Grace Rainey Rogers</em>. New York: Parke-Bernet Galleries, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: plate 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Drawing by Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 32, no. 6 (June 1945): 88, 91.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Eighteenth Century: Art of France and England</em>. Exh. Cat. Montreal: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 590", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n110"}, {"citation": "<em>French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1959. (also published in French and Dutch)", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 51; Reproduced: plate 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>French Masters: Rococo to Romanticism</em>. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: UCLA Art Galleries, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. <em>L'oeuvre dessine\u0301 de Jean-Honore\u0301 Fragonard (1732-1806): catalogue raisonne\u0301.</em> Paris: F. de Nobele, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 4, p. 154, no. 2422; Reproduced: fig. 612", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vermeule, Cornelius. <em>European Art and the Classical Past</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 129-130; Reproduced: no. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n165"}, {"citation": "Watrous, James. <em>The Craft of Old-Master Drawings</em>. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 80-82; Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Elsa Durand Mower Collection of French and Italian Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. Princeton: Art Museum, Princeton University, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n165"}, {"citation": "\"Fragonard.\" <em>Praeger Encyclopedia of Art</em>. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 703", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>French Master Drawings of the 17th &amp; 18th Centuries in North American Collections</em>. Translated by Catherine Johnston. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Rubenism</em>. Exh. Cat. Providence: Bell Gallery, Brown University, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n206"}, {"citation": "Williams, Eunice. <em>Drawings by Fragonard in North American Collections</em>. Exh. Cat. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williams, Eunice. \"Rescuing Fragonard from 'a Kind of Limbo.'\" <em>Artnews</em> 78, no. 5 (May 1979): 74-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leach, Mark Carter. \"The Literary and Emblematic Activity of Herman Hugo, S.J. (1588-1629).\" PhD diss., University of Delaware, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 215-216, 379; Reproduced: fig. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Russell, John. \"A Fragonard Festival at the Frick.\" <em>New York Times Magazine </em>(April 15, 1979): 29-31.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. <em>Fragonard</em>. Exh. Cat. Tokyo: National Museum of Western Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ross, Barbara T. \"Notes on Selected French Old Master Drawings from the Permanent Collection.\" <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University</em> 42, no. 1 (1983): 4-42.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "O'Neill, Mary. <em>Les Peintures de l'\u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise des XVIIe et XVIIIe si\u00e8cles</em>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts d'Orl\u00e9ans, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63, under no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>Fragonard</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 282", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuzin, Jean-Pierre. <em>Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard: Life and Work, Complete Catalogue of the Oil Paintings. </em>New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ashton, Dore. <em>Fragonard in the Universe of Painting</em>. Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 217-218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Campbell, Richard J. and Victor Carlson. <em>Visions of Antiquity: Neoclassical Figure Drawing</em>. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1993,", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4, pp. 122-123, no. 47, 289-290; Reproduced: p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Grazia, Diana. \"The Evolution of a Collection: Drawings in Cleveland.\" <em>Master Drawings </em>38, no. 3 (Fall 2000).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 252; Reproduced: fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Molotiu, Andrei. <em>Fragonard's Allegories of Love</em>. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Getty Museum, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 29-37; Reproduced: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Consuming Passion: Fragonard's Allegories of Love.\" <em>Journal of the Print World</em> (Winter 2008): 32.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dupuy-Vachey, Marie-Anne. \"Every Possible Combination: Between Inspiration and Finish in Fragonard's Oeuvre.\" In <em>Fragonard: Drawing Triumphant: Works from New York Collections</em>. Perrin Stein, et. al., 15-46. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34, p. 273 no. 65; Reproduced: p. 36, fig. 32", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Ananoff 2422", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.657", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.657/1943.657_web.jpg", "width": "1102", "height": "893", "filesize": "223407", "filename": "1943.657_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.657/1943.657_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2756", "filesize": "1884721", "filename": "1943.657_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.657/1943.657_full.tif", "width": "4940", "height": "4005", "filesize": "59378704", "filename": "1943.657_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123431, "creators": [{"id": 2002, "description": "Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard (French, 1732\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1776, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1781", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Vow to Love"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:21:02.367000"}, {"id": 156948, "accession_number": "1993.108", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Stele with Shakyamuni and Maitreya, c. 570s. China, Northern Qi dynasty (550-577). Marble with polychromy; overall: 119 cm (46 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1993.108", "current_location": "241C Chinese Buddhist Sculptures", "title": "Stele with Shakyamuni and Maitreya", "creation_date": "c. 570s", "creation_date_earliest": 560, "creation_date_latest": 580, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Northern Qi dynasty (550-577)"], "technique": "marble with polychromy", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Northern Dynasties", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 119 cm (46 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.19, "height_inch": 46, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311620, "title": "Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 18-December 31, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-10-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Early Chinese Art from Tombs and Temples</em>. Eskenazi, Ltd., London, England (June 8\u2013July 9,1993).", "opening_date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J. E. Eskenazi, Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131993", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1993\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Shakyamuni, or the historical Buddha, was a prince who gave up his earthly possessions for spiritual transcendence.", "description": "In this stele, Shakyamuni (the historical Buddha) bears a benign smile in the hand gestures of fearlessness and gift giving. He is flanked by two bodhisattvas and two disciples-all standing against a mandorla (almond-shaped halo) adorned with a stupa and flying heavenly beings. On the reverse side, the Buddha sits in a pensive pose with his head tilted, mediating under twin sala trees. This position is reserved for Shakyamuni\u2019s first meditation or Maitreya\u2019s meditation. The joint appearance of Shakyamuni and Maitreya (the future Buddha) on two sides of a stele was a favorite scheme of the Northern Qi period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746839"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1993.108-stele-with-shakyamun"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Early Chinese Art from Tombs and Temples: [catalogue of exhibition held] 8 June-9 July 1993</em>. London: Eskenazi, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Adds Two Significant Works of Art,\u201d September 17, 1993, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr3828"}, {"citation": "\"1993 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (1994): 143\u2013218.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 158; Reproduced: p. 159", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith, and Anne E. Wardwell. \"New Objects/New Insights: Cleveland's Recent Chinese Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 8 (1994): 270\u2013347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front and back covers; Mentioned: pp. 313\u2013320, 347", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161465"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  pp. 36\u201337", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wicks, Ann Elizabeth Barrott. <em>Children in Chinese Art</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Fig. 1.3, p. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sun, Di \u5b59\u8fea, editor. <em>Zhongguo liu shi hai wai Fo jiao zao xiang zong he tu mu</em> [\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u5931\u6d77\u5916\u4f5b\u6559\u9020\u50cf\u603b\u5408\u56fe\u76ee= Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Buddhist Statues in Overseas Collections]. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "vol. 4, p. 672", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eskenazi, Giuseppe, and Hajni Elias. <em>A Dealer's Hand: The Chinese Art World Through the Eyes of Giuseppe Eskenazi</em>. London, England: Scala, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 110\u2013111; Reproduced: p. 110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Re-emergence: New Chinese Galleries and Art Acquisitions of The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Orientations</em> vol 44 no. 8 (November/December 2013): 64\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 64, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Arts of Asia</em> 48, no. 3 (May-June 2018).", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1993.108", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.108/1993.108_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "893", "filesize": "406797", "filename": "1993.108_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.108/1993.108_print.jpg", "width": "1069", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1258472", "filename": "1993.108_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.108/1993.108_full.tif", "width": "1069", "height": "1536", "filesize": "4927892", "filename": "1993.108_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "cb4bf4308714484185bd619116aae7c6", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/cb4bf4308714484185bd619116aae7c6", "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 156948, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1993-05-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 560, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 570s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:51.263000"}, {"id": 100824, "accession_number": "1920.120", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Heroic Head of Pierre de Wissant, One of the Burghers of Calais, 1886. Auguste Rodin (French, 1840\u20131917). Bronze; overall: 83.5 x 47 x 55.3 cm (32 7/8 x 18 1/2 x 21 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1920.120", "current_location": null, "title": "Heroic Head of Pierre de Wissant, One of the Burghers of Calais", "creation_date": "1886", "creation_date_earliest": 1886, "creation_date_latest": 1886, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Sculpture 1800-1960", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 83.5 x 47 x 55.3 cm (32 7/8 x 18 1/2 x 21 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.835, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.47, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.553, "depth_inch": 21, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed at neck, left:  A.Rodin; inscribed lower back:  Alexis Rudier/Fondeur-Paris.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 520084, "title": "Rodin", "description": "<i>Rodin</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 29-September 8, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-04-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309843, "title": "Lo\u00efe Fuller", "description": "<i>Lo\u00efe Fuller</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 10-June 3, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-04-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 543896, "title": "Rodin\u2014100 Years", "description": "<i>Rodin\u2014100 Years</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2017-May 13, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-09-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300186, "title": "Rodin-100 Years", "description": "<i>Rodin-100 Years</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 1, 2017-May 13, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-09-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 439224, "title": "Rodin in the United States: Confronting the Modern", "description": "<i>Rodin in the United States: Confronting the Modern</i>. Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, MA (organizer) (June 18-September 18, 2022) https://www.clarkart.edu/microsites/rodin/; High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (October 21, 2022-January 15, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-06-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Museum of Modern Art, NY, Rodin Sculpture, April 29-September 8, 1963.", "opening_date": "1963-04-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Purchased by Mrs. Emery May Holden Norweb in 1917, but held in Paris and sent to the CMA in 1920.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sculpture depicts the head of a figure from Rodin's large public monument <em>The Burghers of Calais</em> (1884-89). The CMA also owns a plaster version of the head.", "description": "This sculpture depicts one of the figures in Rodin\u2019s large public monument <em>The Burghers of Calais</em> (1884\u201389), featuring six French men who volunteered to be taken prisoner by the English in exchange for lifting the siege of Calais during the Hundred Years War (1337\u20131453). Pierre de Wissant\u2019s anguished expression suggests extreme mental suffering as he contemplates his expected execution. Rodin exhibited a life-size version of the figure as an independent work before completing the monument. He later made multiple versions in various sizes and media.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781122"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.120-heroic-head-of-pierr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Modern Sculpture at the Museum.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 6 (1917): 108-09.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 108-109", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136110"}, {"citation": "\"Rodin Memorial Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 9 (1917): 162-63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136150"}, {"citation": "\"Report of the Museum's Second Year.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 5, no. 6/7 (1918): 69-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136208"}, {"citation": "F. A. W. \"An Heroic Head by Rodin.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 7, no. 4 (1920): 43.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: p. 43", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136365"}, {"citation": "Tacha, Athena. <em>Rodin Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96, cat. no. IX, Reproduced: p. [44], Plate 62; p. 45, Plate 62a", "url": "https://archive.org/details/RodinSculpture/page/n110"}, {"citation": "Tacha, Athena. <em>A Supplement to Rodin Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129S, cat. no. IX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rodin, Auguste, Antoinette Le Normand-Romain, Christina Buley-Uribe, Patrick R. Crowley, C. D. Dickerson, Laure de Margerie, Ve\u0301ronique Mattiussi, Elyse Nelson, Jennifer A. Thompson, and Nora M. Rosengarten. Rodin in the United States: Confronting the Modern. 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Gruener, 1990.180", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Vessel with Ballplayer", "creation_date": "c. 600\u20131000", "creation_date_earliest": 600, "creation_date_latest": 1000, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mexico, Yucat\u00e1n, Maya (Chochol\u00e1) style (250-900)"], "technique": "earthenware, pigment", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 18.1 x 15.6 cm (7 1/8 x 6 1/8 in.); Overall: 18 cm (7 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.181, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.156, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "overall": {"height": 0.18, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 344809, "title": "The Gruener Collection of Pre-Columbian Art", "description": "<i>The Gruener Collection of Pre-Columbian Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-November 29, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 224436, "title": "The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame", "description": "<i>The Sport of Life and Death: The Mesoamerican Ballgame</i>. Mint Museum, Charlotte, NC (September 24-December 30, 2001); New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, LA (February 16-April 28, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-09-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Lee Moore: Fine Art of the Americas, Miami, FL, 1971, sold to James C. Gruener and Florence C, Gruener)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1971", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "James C. [1903-1990] and Florence C. 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The scene is situated within stepped walls, probably those of a ball court.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760298"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.180-vessel-with-ballplay"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Merrony, Mark. \u201cThe Maya : First Lords of the Jungle.\" <em>Antiqvvs</em> 3, n. 3 (Summer 2021): 39-44.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Acquisitions: 1990.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 2 (1991): 30-45.", "page_number": "p. 33", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161314"}, {"citation": "Young-S\u00e1nchez, Margaret. \"The Gruener Collection of Pre-Columbian Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 7 (1992): 234-75.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 88, p. 272, Reproduced: fig. 88, p.256", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161367."}, {"citation": "Whittington, E. 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Oil on canvas; framed: 122.5 x 149 x 12 cm (48 1/4 x 58 11/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 84 x 111.4 cm (33 1/16 x 43 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.641", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "A Cottage in the Woods", "creation_date": "c. 1662", "creation_date_earliest": 1657, "creation_date_latest": 1667, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 122.5 x 149 x 12 cm (48 1/4 x 58 11/16 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 84 x 111.4 cm (33 1/16 x 43 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.225, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.49, "width_inch": 58, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.12, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.84, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.114, "width_inch": 43, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"m. hobbema\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335835, "title": "Exhibition of Great Paintings; Five Centuries of Dutch Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Great Paintings; Five Centuries of Dutch Art</i>. Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts (organizer) (March 9-April 9, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-03-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335848, "title": "Exhibition of a Single Fine Painting", "description": "<i>Exhibition of a Single Fine Painting</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1951-January 1, 1952).", "opening_date": "1951-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300448, "title": "Dutch Painting, The Golden Age", "description": "<i>Dutch Painting, The Golden Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 27, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Institute, Liverpool, United Kingdom (1823).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. W. Atherton, 1823;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Judge Sir James Alan Park (1763-1838), who was married to a daughter of Richard Atherton of Preston; Colonel H. M. Clark, London, 1919;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Colnaghi & Co., London, 1920];", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[M. Knoedler & Co., New York];", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John L. Severance, Cleveland, upon his death, held in trust by the estate.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Estate of John L. Severance Collection, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A windmill, an important symbol of Dutch identity, can be found in the background of this painting.", "description": "Inspired by the native Dutch landscape, Meindert Hobbema specialized in scenes of dense forest growth punctured by winding paths and views toward sunlit clearings that beckon with fertile fields and rustic cottages. Hobbema\u2019s paintings were especially popular among Dutch citizens, who took enormous pride in their land. In addition to nationalistic pride in having recently gained independence from Spain, there was also a profound awareness of the preciousness of land in a low-lying nation, which required dikes, pumps, and constant vigilance to guard against flooding. While the Dutch earned much of their considerable wealth from sea trade, agriculture and livestock were important sources of prosperity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514818"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.641-a-cottage-in-the-woo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "John Long Severance Art Collection Photographs: Furniture, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 301", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceFurniture/page/n300/mode/1up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 223, p. 90, Reproduced: pl. LV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Broulhiet, Georges<em>. Meindert Hobbema (1638-1709)</em>; Paris, France: Firmin-Didot, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 311", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22, cat. no. 7; Reproduced: p. [23], Plate IX, cat. no. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>XXIX, no. 9 (November 1942): 130-136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Department of Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>29, no. 9 (November 1942): 132-136", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133; Mentioned: p. 136", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. <em>Loan Exhibition of Great Paintings; Five Centuries of Dutch Art, March 9th to April 9th, 1944; Under the Distinguished Patronage of His Excellency the Earl of Athlone, Governor-General of Canada, and H.R.H. the Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone, and H.R.H. Princess Juliana of the Netherlands; for the Benefit of the Children of Great Britain, the Netherlands and Occupied Countries of Europe. Exposition De Tableaux Ce\u0301le\u0300bres; Cinq Sie\u0300cles D'art Hollandais, Du 9 Mars Au 9 Avril 1944; Sous Le Haut Patronage De Son Excellence Le Comte D'Athlone, Gouverneur-Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral Du Canada, De Son Altesse Royale La Princesse Alice, Comtesse D'Athlone, Et De Son Altesse Royale La Princesse Juliana De Hollande; Au Profit Des Enfants De Grande Bretagne, De Hollande, Et Des Nations Occupe\u0301es D'Europe</em>.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland.</em> Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. II, p. 232, no. 7, pl. XLVII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Great Museums of the World Series</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 444", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n81"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n150"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n150"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 163", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n183"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 240; Reproduced: p. 241", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.641", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.641/1942.641_web.jpg", "width": "1179", "height": "893", "filesize": "842289", "filename": "1942.641_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.641/1942.641_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2576", "filesize": "6803369", "filename": "1942.641_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.641/1942.641_full.tif", "width": "7186", "height": "5445", "filesize": "117416540", "filename": "1942.641_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.641/1942.641_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1078", "height": "893", "filesize": "956912"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.641/1942.641_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2817", "filesize": "7325740"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.641/1942.641_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1605", "height": "1330", "filesize": "6435740"}, "date_created": "2001-09-24T13:19:32", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 122345, "creators": [{"id": 2510, "description": "Meindert Hobbema (Dutch, 1638\u20131709)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1638", "death_year": "1709", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1657, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1662", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Wooded Landscape with Figures"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:17:59.555000"}, {"id": 143174, "accession_number": "1967.152", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure (ba\u00e0th\u00edl), c. 1900. Burkina Faso, Ghana, or C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Lobi\u2013style artist. Wood and organic materials; overall: 63.6 cm (25 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph M. Coe from various donors, 1967.152", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Figure (ba\u00e0th\u00edl)", "creation_date": "c. 1900", "creation_date_earliest": 1895, "creation_date_latest": 1905, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Burkina Faso, Ghana, or C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Lobi\u2013style artist"], "technique": "Wood and organic materials", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 63.6 cm (25 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.636, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mathias Komor, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by at least 1967", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1967-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Historically, figures like this <em>ba\u00e0th\u00edl</em> were associated with harmful spirits. Less common nowadays, they are used for different reasons, like to relieve suffering from malnutrition.", "description": "This headpost (<em>ba\u00e0th\u00edl</em>) was likely a temporary sanctuary for <em>kh\u00e9l\u00e9</em>, a harmful spirit released after killing a person or dangerous animal. Around 1900, members of the <em>Milku\u00f9r</em> religious association used ba\u00e0th\u00edla to counteract kh\u00e9l\u00e9. While the head resembles that of a teenage girl with pierced upper lip and earlobes, the roughly hewn, pole-like bottom suggests otherwise. Buried in an altar, devotees ritually applied materials that darkened the exposed head. When the owner died, the kh\u00e9l\u00e9 left the sculpture; no longer sacred, it was buried. Milku\u00f9r\u2019s strict rules ensure these objects are made from the appropriate wood and that artists\u2019 names remain secret.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80043497"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.152-figure-baathil"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cYear in Review.\u201d <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> vol. 54, no. 10 (December 1967): 302-347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 340, fig. 43 (detail); Mentioned: p. 342, no. 43", "url": "https://www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/25152183?refreqid=excelsior%3A32710a59fa10a109230a2def69a633e2&seq=41#metadata_info_tab_contents"}, {"citation": "Meauze\u0301, Pierre. <em>African Art: Sculpture</em> [1st ed.] ed. Cleveland: World Pub. Co., 1968", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 48-49", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/255836"}, {"citation": null, "page_number": "p 48-49, illustrated (1968, as M. Komor collection)", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.152", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_web.jpg", "width": "518", "height": "893", "filesize": "225749", "filename": "1967.152_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_print.jpg", "width": "1972", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3459148", "filename": "1967.152_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_full.tif", "width": "3383", "height": "5833", "filesize": "59230572", "filename": "1967.152_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "513", "height": "893", "filesize": "227205"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1952", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3445311"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3475", "height": "6052", "filesize": "63123500"}, "date_created": "2009-08-24T12:25:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "523", "height": "893", "filesize": "222115"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1991", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3511371"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3633", "height": "6204", "filesize": "67648708"}, "date_created": "2009-08-24T12:36:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "506", "height": "893", "filesize": "210502"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1925", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3301837"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.152/1967.152_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3414", "height": "6029", "filesize": "61780220"}, "date_created": "2009-08-24T12:42:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Ralph M. Coe from various donors", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143174, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Head"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:21:24.718000"}, {"id": 151444, "accession_number": "1983.28", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jar (\ubc31\uc790\ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u58fa]), 1700s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Glazed porcelain; overall: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.); outer diameter: 31.6 cm (12 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1983.28", "current_location": null, "title": "Jar", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790\ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u58fa]", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "glazed porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.); Outer diameter: 31.6 cm (12 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"outer diameter": {"width": 0.316, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "overall": {"height": 0.343, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.117, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.116, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1983</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "<i>Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 290449, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "<i>Korean Gallery 236 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 13-July 10, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-01-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 368005, "title": "Conversation about Diversity in Korean Embroidery Arts", "description": "<i>Conversation about Diversity in Korean Embroidery Arts</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-October 25, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 452567, "title": "Old and New in Korean Art", "description": "<i>Old and New in Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 28, 2022-April 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-10-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Osborne I. Hauge [1913\u20132004] and Victor L. Hauge [1919\u20132013], Falls Church, VA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Brothers Osborne and Victor Hauge served in different branches of the foreign service and became avid art collectors.</div>"], "date": "?\u20131983", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Known as a \u201cmoon\u201d jar, this vessel is named for its circular form and color.", "description": "This white jar reflects values of frugality and pragmatism, political ideals encouraged by the ruling house\u2019s government. The absence of underglaze cobalt blue decoration could be the artist\u2019s response to the socioeconomic crisis caused by famines in the late 1600s. The Korean ruling house then enforced strict laws banning luxuries, including cobalt blue, to preserve state finances. Such challenges did not stop the artist from experimenting with a new aesthetics. The concept of minimalism, often phrased as \u201cless is more,\u201d is powerfully exercised in this jar.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79934944"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.28-jar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>White Porcelain Jars: Embracing the Joseon ideals and Rituals </em>[\ubc31\uc790 \ud56d\uc544\ub9ac: \uc870\uc120\uc758 \uc778\uacfc \uc608\ub97c \ub2f4\ub2e4]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kang, Kyeong-sook. <em>History of Korean Ceramics</em> [\u97d3\u570b\u9676\u78c1\u53f2]. Seoul: Yekyong, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kim, Kyu-rim. \"The Characteristics of White Round Jar in the 17th-18th Centuries of the Joseon Dynasty [\uc870\uc120 17~18\uc138\uae30 \ubc31\uc790\uc6d0\ud638(\u767d\u78c1\u5713\u58fa)\uc758 \uc870\ud615\uacfc \uc131\uaca9].\" <em>Hanguk munhwa yeongu</em> (2019): 153\u2013180.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09242637"}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Stories from Storage.\" <em>The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries </em>24, i. 5 (May 2021): 6\u20137.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 6\u20137", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \u201cPlaybook for Solitude.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 12.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 12.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa. \"The Politics of Frugality.\" In <em>Forces of Nature: New Perspectives on Korean Environments, </em>David Fedman, Eleana Jean Kim, and Albert L. Park, 65\u201375. Ithaca [New York]: Cornell University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 68, fig. 3.2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"The Politics of Frugality: Environmental Crisis and Artistic Production in Eighteenth-Century Korea.\" In <em>Forces of Nature: New Perspectives on Korean Environments</em>, pp. 65\u201375. David Fedman, Eleana Jean Kim, and Albert L. Park, eds. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 68, fig. 3.2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.28", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.28/1983.28_web.jpg", "width": "937", "height": "893", "filesize": "49127", "filename": "1983.28_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.28/1983.28_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3240", "filesize": "758248", "filename": "1983.28_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.28/1983.28_full.tif", "width": "4296", "height": "4095", "filesize": "52810460", "filename": "1983.28_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "1f0a28465735411fb4292e63debf3ffa", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/1f0a28465735411fb4292e63debf3ffa", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151444, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Moon Jar"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:55.165000"}, {"id": 112958, "accession_number": "1931.55", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ceremonial Cross of Countess Gertrude, 1038 or shortly after. Germany, Lower Saxony?, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, intaglio gems, pearls, wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with the addition of a gift from Mrs. Edward B. Greene, 1931.55", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Ceremonial Cross of Countess Gertrude", "creation_date": "1038 or shortly after", "creation_date_earliest": 1038, "creation_date_latest": 1043, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Lower Saxony?, 11th century"], "technique": "gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, intaglio gems, pearls, wood core", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Romanesque", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.242, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.216, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.301, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.213, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.029, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "translation of inscription on back:  For the Relics of the Holy Apostle Peter and the Holy Virgin Liutrudis, Countess Gertrude Ordered this made.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Guelph Treasure. </em>Guelph Museum, Hanover (1861\u20131866)", "opening_date": "1861-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Guelph Treasure. </em>\u00d6sterreichisches Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Industrie, Vienna (1869)", "opening_date": "1869-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Guelph Treasure. </em>St\u00e4delsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt am Main (1930), Berlin (1930), Goldschmidt Gallery, New York (1930), Cleveland Museum of Art (1931), Penn. Museum, Philadelphia (1931)", "opening_date": "1931-01-02T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury, Cathedral of St. Blaise, Brunswick", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "House of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Goldschmidt Galleries, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1931", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 112021, "description": "Medallion with the Bust of Christ (\"The Cumberland Medallion\"), from the Guelph Treasure, late 700s. Germany, Weserraum, Migration period, late 8th century. Cloisonn\u00e9 enamel and gold on copper; diameter: 5.1 x 0.2 cm (2 x 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1930.504", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112022, "description": "Monstrance with the \"Paten of Saint Bernward\", c. 1180\u20131190. Saint Oswald Reliquary Workshop (German). Silver, gilded silver, niello, rock crystal; overall: 34.5 x 15.9 x 14 cm (13 9/16 x 6 1/4 x 5 1/2 in.); part 1: 13.5 cm (5 5/16 in.); part 2: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with additional gift from Mrs. R. Henry Norweb, 1930.505", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112316, "description": "Arm Reliquary of the Apostles, c. 1190. Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim, Romanesque period, late 12th century. Gilt silver, champlev\u00e9 enamel, oak; overall: 51 x 14 x 9.2 cm (20 1/16 x 5 1/2 x 3 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.739", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112318, "description": "The So-called Horn of Saint Blaise, 1100\u20131200. South Italy or Sicily, 12th century. Ivory; overall: 12 cm (4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.740", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112319, "description": "Book-Shaped Reliquary, c. 1000. Circle of The Master of the Registrum Gregorii (German, active c. 972\u20131000). Ivory, silver: gilded, pearls, rubies, emeralds, crystals, onyx, carnelian, oak; overall: 31.6 x 24.4 x 7.5 cm (12 7/16 x 9 5/8 x 2 15/16 in.); part 1: 17.8 x 14 cm (7 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.741", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112971, "description": "Monstrance with a Relic of Saint Sebastian, 1484. Germany, Lower Saxony, Brunswick, Gothic period, 15th century. Gilded silver, rock crystal, bone, parchment; overall: 47 cm (18 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Julius F. Goldschmidt, Z. M. Hackenbroch, and J. Rosenbaum in memory of the Exhibition of the Guelph Treasure held in the Cleveland Museum of Art from 10 January to 1 February 1931, 1931.65", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112875, "description": "Ceremonial Cross of Count Liudolf, shortly after 1038. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel; intaglio gems; pearls; wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1931.461", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112876, "description": "Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude, c. 1045. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core; overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1931.462", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["232.1931"], "did_you_know": "Countess Gertrude's name appears on the back of the cross at the bottom.", "description": "This precious gold cross was commissioned by Countess Gertrude (died 1077) and given to the church of Saint Blaise following the death of her husband, Count Liudolf of Brunswick (died 1038). The cross was intended to be carried in liturgical processions or to be placed on a church altar. The inclusion of relics within the crosses endowed them with an additional role as devotional objects. At the center of the four cross arms, fine but much damaged cloisonn\u00e9 enamel plaques represent the symbols of the four Evangelists--an eagle for Saint John (above); a lion for Saint Mark (on the left); an ox for Saint Luke (on the right); and an angel for Saint Matthew (below). Pearls and precious and semiprecious stones are set within an intricate network of gold filigree while a large sapphire, inscribed in a circle and likewise surrounded by pearls and precious stones, is placed at the crossing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757266"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.55-ceremonial-cross-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Gertrudis Altar and Two Crosses.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 18, no. 2 (1931).", "page_number": "pp. 23-6, 34", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137357"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition: June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 2; Mentioned: p. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102; Mentioned: p. 105", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 226", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"New Accessions of Champlev\u00e9 Enamel.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>36, no. 9 (November 1949): 167-170.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 168", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141581"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 94", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n31"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n69"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n67"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n70"}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"The Sacral Treasure of the Guelphs.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 1 (1985).", "page_number": "pp. 30, 33, 35-36, 40-41, 43-44, 45, 47, 117, 134-135, 136, 139 no3, no; color plates II, IIIB", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159893"}, {"citation": "Corbet, Patrick. \u201cL'autel portatif de la comtesse Gertrude de Braunschweig (vers 1040): Tradition royale de Bourgogne et conscience aristocratique dans l'Empire des Saliens.\u201d <em>Cahiers de Civilisation M\u00e9di\u00e9vale</em>, 34e ann\u00e9e (n\u00b0134), (1991):", "page_number": "pp 101-04, fig. 6-7 (pl. 3)", "url": "https://www.persee.fr/doc/ccmed_0007-9731_1991_num_34_134_2488"}, {"citation": "Luckhardt, Jochen, and Franz Niehoff. <em>Heinrich der Lo\u0308we und seine Zeit: Herrschaft und Repra\u0308sentation der Welfen 1125-1235 :</em> Katalog der Ausstellung, Braunschweig 1995. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1995.", "page_number": "no. 120, p. 226; no. 387, p. 514; no. 388, p. 515", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boockmann, Andrea. <em>Die verlorenen Teile des 'Welfenscha\u0308tzes': eine U\u0308bersicht anhand des Reliquienverzeichnisses von 1482 der Stiftskirche St. Blasius in Braunschweig</em>. Go\u0308ttingen: Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht, 1997.", "page_number": "pp. 30, 35, 54, 56, 59, 68, 75, 152, 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ehlers, Joachim, and Dietrich Ko\u0308tzsche. <em>Der Welfenschatz und sein Umkreis.</em> Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1998.", "page_number": "abb. 2, p. 53; abb. 3, p. 54; abb. 7, p. 295", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "pp. 54, 116, no. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Peter, Michael. <em>Der Gertrudistragaltar aus dem Welfenschatz: eine stilgeschichtliche Untersuchung.</em> Mainz: Von Zabern, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 185, 207, 210", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 116", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Garci\u0301a de Castro Valde\u0301s, Ce\u0301sar. <em>Signvm salvtis: cruces de orfebreri\u0301a de los siglos V al XII. </em>Oviedo: KRK Ediciones, 2008.", "page_number": "pp. 230- 232, fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Resplendent Faith: Liturgical Treasuries of the Middle Ages. </em>Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 40, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 88-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hahn, Cynthia J. <em>Strange Beauty: Issues in the Making and Meaning of Reliquaries, 400-Circa 1204</em>. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 97, fig. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 264", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lomartire, Saverio. \"Tabula ornata lapidibus diversorum colorum\": la legatura preziosa del Codice C nel Museo del Tesoro del Duomo di Vercelli. Roma: Viella, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141, fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thu\u0308mmel, Hans Georg. Ikonologie der christlichen Kunst. 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 164", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>Worshiping in Place through Art: The Hidden Gems of the Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art The Thinker Blog on Medium. July 16, 2020.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/worshiping-in-place-through-art-the-hidden-gems-of-the-portable-altar-of-countess-gertrude-48f9457d9cc5"}, {"citation": "Staff. \"Lutz Opens a Virtual Office.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 3 (Summer 2020): 11.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 10.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.55", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.55/1931.55_web.jpg", "width": "795", "height": "900", "filesize": "164570", "filename": "1931.55_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.55/1931.55_print.jpg", "width": "3004", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1905323", "filename": "1931.55_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.55/1931.55_full.tif", "width": "10482", "height": "11864", "filesize": "373103604", "filename": 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"4016", "height": "5020", "filesize": "60510892"}, "date_created": "2005-11-29T16:15:25", "annotation": ""}, {"print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.55/1931.55_alt12_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4018548"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.55/1931.55_alt12_full.tif", "width": "4016", "height": "5020", "filesize": "60510892"}, "date_created": "2005-11-29T16:15:25", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with the addition of a gift from Mrs. Edward B. Greene", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "a60d64e3ec4f4bf7ba289d92dff1b9a9", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/a60d64e3ec4f4bf7ba289d92dff1b9a9", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112958, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-01-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1038, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1038 or shortly after", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Gertrudis Cross"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:32.210000"}, {"id": 136656, "accession_number": "1961.198", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nursing Woman with Child, 1800s-1900s. Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, reportedly Korhogo area, Senufo-style carver. Wood and organic material; overall: 63.6 cm (25 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert and Mary Gardiner Ford Memorial Fund, 1961.198", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Nursing Woman with Child", "creation_date": "1800s-1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1961, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, reportedly Korhogo area, Senufo-style carver"], "technique": "Wood and organic material", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 63.6 cm (25 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.636, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "<i>The Imagination of Primitive Man</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 204227, "title": "Senufo: Art and Identity in West Africa", "description": "<i>Senufo: Art and Identity in West Africa</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-May 31, 2015); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (June 28-September 27, 2015); Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (November 28, 2015-March 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-02-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 412365, "title": "The Language of Beauty in African Art", "description": "<i>The Language of Beauty in African Art</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (April 3-July 31, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/language-beauty-african-art; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 20, 2022-February 27, 2023) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9344/the-language-of-beauty-in-african-art.", "opening_date": "2022-04-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mathias Komor, New York, NY, 1961, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The mother\u2019s face, adorned with incisions and markings, resembles that of women who have reached puberty.", "description": "Beyond its specific depiction of a mother nursing her child, this sculpture symbolizes a larger concept of ancestral motherhood that is central to Senufo society, in which cultural inheritance is matrilineal. The darkened areas of wood come from oils applied to its surface as both libations and surface protectants. In some Senufo beliefs, one of the most important founding ancestors is the Great Mother or Ancient Woman (Katyeleeo or Maleeo). In groups that believe in the Great Mother, she suckles male initiates with the \"milk of knowledge.\" Through this process, youths gain the information they need to become adults (that is, fully human). The simplified appearance of the \"child\" in this sculpture reflects his unformed, pre-initiated state.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760770"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.198-nursing-woman-with-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kjersmeier, Carl, and Franc\u0327oise Juliette Isabelle Gleizal. 1967. <em>Centres De Style De La Sculpture Ne\u0300gre Africaine</em>. New York: Hacker Art Books, figs. 38-41.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lem, F. H. 1948. <em>Sculptures Soudanaises</em>. Paris: Arts et Me\u0301tiers Graphiques, figs. 40-46.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muensterberger, Werner. 1955. <em>Sculpture of Primitive Man</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, fig. 9.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>The Sculpture of Africa : 405 Photographs</em>. 1958. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, figs. 96, 103.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Elsy Leuzinger, Africa (New York, 1960), Senufo seated female cf. fig. 26 and standing, pl. 12.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Primitive Art (New York, N.Y.), and Robert Goldwater. 1964. <em>Senufo Sculpture from West Africa</em>. Greenwich, Conn: Distributed by New York Graphic Society, p. 24.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review 1961.\" In <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 9 (November 1961): 248, cat. 24; repr. p. 233.", "page_number": "p.248, cat. 24; repr. p. 233", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142473"}, {"citation": "The Nelson Gallery of Art. <em>The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-literate People of the World</em>. Kansas City, MO: The Nelson Gallery of Art and Atkins Museum, 1962, 22, no. 27.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22, cat. no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966, 302.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n326"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969, 302.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n326"}, {"citation": "Elizabeth Broudy and Elizabeth Youngblood. <em>Icon and Symbol: The Cult of the Ancestor in African Art</em>. Bloomfield Hills, Michigan: Cranbrook Academy of Art &amp; Museum, 1975, cat. 9.", "page_number": "cat. no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P.<em> Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975, cat. no. 54.", "page_number": "cat. no. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978, 410.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 410", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n430"}, {"citation": "Drewal, Henry John. <em>African Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989, fig. 21.", "page_number": "fig. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991, 149.", "page_number": "p.149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Gibbons, Martha B., and Jo Zuppan. <em>Interpretations: Sixty-five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991, 42.", "page_number": "p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. <em>South of the Sahara: Selected Works of African Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003, 47, color plate 8.", "page_number": "p.47, color plate 8.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A New Installation for African Art in Cleveland.\" In <em>Tribal</em> 3, no. 36 (Autumn/Winter 2004): 68-73.", "page_number": "p.68-73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gagliardi, Susan Elizabeth, and Constantijn Petridis. <em>Senufo Unbound: Dynamics of Art and Identity in West Africa. </em>Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "p. 146, fig. 97", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gagliardi, Susan Elizabeth and Constantine Petridis. \"Senufo Unbound: Dynamics of Art and Identity in West Africa.\" In <em>African Arts</em> 48, no. 1 (Spring 2015): 6-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8, fig. 2.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cyvoct, Colin. \u201cL'Afrique des Senufo au Musee Fabre.\u201d In <em>L'\u0152il </em>687 (Janvier 2016): 90.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90", "url": "https://www.lejournaldesarts.fr/expositions/lafrique-des-senufo-au-musee-fabre-127856"}, {"citation": "Geoffroy-Schneiter, B\u00e9r\u00e9nice. \u201cL'Art Senufo au Sommet.\u201d <em>L'Estampille/L'Objet d'Art</em> 520 (F\u00e9vrier 2016): 6.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6.", "url": "https://www.estampille-objetdart.com/numero-520/lyon-musees-tissus-arts-decoratifs-peril/l-art-senufo-sommet.40220.php"}, {"citation": "Cole, Herbert M. <em>Maternity: Mothers and Children in the Arts of Africa</em>. <br> Brussels: Mercatorfonds, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 145-146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liebert, Emily, Nadiah Fellah, and William Griswold. <em>Picturing Motherhood Now.</em> Cleveland : Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: P. 10-11, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yae\u0308lle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel. <em>The language of beauty in African art.</em> 2022.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.198", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_web.jpg", "width": "563", "height": "893", "filesize": "239923", "filename": "1961.198_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_print.jpg", "width": "2143", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3620299", "filename": "1961.198_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_full.tif", "width": "3582", "height": "5682", "filesize": "61091168", "filename": "1961.198_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "603", "height": "893", "filesize": "257000"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2294", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3917149"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3764", "height": "5579", "filesize": "63030428"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T13:21:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "543", "height": "893", "filesize": "225395"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2066", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3512124"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3538", "height": "5822", "filesize": "61826744"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T13:22:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "893", "filesize": "243625"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2130", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3702316"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3566", "height": "5692", "filesize": "60925232"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T13:24:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "547", "height": "893", "filesize": "230120"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2084", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3503674"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.198/1961.198_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3538", "height": "5772", "filesize": "61296152"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T13:23:31", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "James Albert and Mary Gardiner Ford Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "867a30f081df40d09597b4fb140b4cf3", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/867a30f081df40d09597b4fb140b4cf3", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136656, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-08-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s-1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Woman and Child (ancestor or maternity group?)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:23.322000"}, {"id": 149041, "accession_number": "1977.182", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Covered Tureen on Stand (Pot-\u00e0-oille), 1735\u201338. Juste-Aur\u00e8le Meissonnier (French, 1695\u20131750), Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Bonnestrenne (French), Henry Adnet (French, 1745). Silver; overall: 36.9 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (14 1/2 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.); average: 35 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (13 3/4 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1977.182", "current_location": null, "title": "Covered Tureen on Stand (Pot-\u00e0-oille)", "creation_date": "1735\u201338", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1738, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 36.9 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (14 1/2 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.); Average: 35 x 38.4 x 31.8 cm (13 3/4 x 15 1/8 x 12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.369, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.384, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.318, "depth_inch": 12, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "average": {"height": 0.35, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.384, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.318, "depth_inch": 12, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Maker\u2019s mark of Pierre\u2212Fran\u00e7ois Bonnestrenne, beneath platter; inside tureen (two marks)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1734\u22121735, beneath platter; inside tureen; inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Charge mark of Hubert Louvet, Paris, 1732-1738, on platter border; beneath platter; beneath tureen; inside cover; inside tureen (two marks)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge mark of Louis Robin mostly used for stamping small work, Paris 1738\u22121744, on platter border; beneath tureen]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Warden's mark for Paris, 1736\u22121737, on platter border]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Possibly British import mark, London, 1925, on platter border]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Possibly mark of the British firm Charles & Richard Comyns, on platter border]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Discharge of Louis Robin mostly used for stamping gold and silver between 1738 and 1744, beneath tureen; outside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Maker\u2019s mark of Henry-Guillaume Adnet, inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Two small undefined marks, inside cover]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Under the surface of the platter the engraved signature]: \u201cFAIT-PAR-I-A-MEISSONIER-ARCHITECTTE\u201d; [and the weight] \u201c673=5\"; \u201cNo. [v] I 50 \u00a3 b76Sol\u201d; [and the numbers] \u201cA n\u00ba 1\u201d; \u201cA n\u00ba2\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[On tureen lip]: \"MEISSONIER\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[On tureen lip]: \u201cA n\u00ba 3\u201d; \u201cA n\u00ba2\u201d  [in order to place the tureen correctly on the stand]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Numbers engraved on the stand, the tureen, and the cover to show how the piece should be assembled]:\n \u201cA n\u00ba 1\u201d [on the base of the tureen; beneath the cover; on the platter],\n\u201cA n\u00ba 2\u201d [on the platter],\n\u201cA n\u00ba 3\u201d [on the exterior rim of the tureen],\n\u201cA n\u00ba4\u201d; \u201cA n\u00ba 5\u201d [outside the cover],\n\u201cA n\u00ba 7\u201d [on the border of the platter]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Two warden's marks for Paris, 1735-1736, beneath tureen]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 442564, "title": "Tanke och form i rokokon (18th Century: Thought and Form in the Rococo Age)", "description": "<i>Tanke och form i rokokon (18th Century: Thought and Form in the Rococo Age)</i>. Nationalmuseum, 103 24 Stockholm, Sweden (organizer) (October 4, 1979-January 6, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309664, "title": "Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink", "description": "<i>Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 26-October 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-07-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220590, "title": "Rococo: The Continuing Curve 1720-2008", "description": "<i>Rococo: The Continuing Curve 1720-2008</i>. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 7-July 6, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Evelyn Pierrepont, 2nd Duke of Kingston [1711\u20131773], England, by descent to his wife, Elizabeth Chudleigh", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1740-1773", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Elizabeth Chudleigh, sometime Duchess of Kingston [1721\u20131788], England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1773-1788", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Prince Alexander Bezborodko [1747\u20131799], Russia", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788-1799 (?)", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Count Elie Bezborodko [1756\u20131815], Russia", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1799-1815 (?)", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Count Alexander Kushelev-Bezborodko [1800-1855], Russia", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1815-1855 (?)", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Alexander Alexandrovich Polovtsoff [1832-1909], Russia, by descent to his heirs", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1855-1909 (?)", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann [1858-1923], Paris, France, 1909, sold to John Pierpont Morgan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "John Pierpont Morgan [1837-1913]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1909-1913 (?)", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Charles and Richard Comyns, London, England, 1925-1926, sold to anonymous buyer)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1925-1926", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Peter Zervudachi [b.  1921], Galerie du Lac, Vevey, Switzerland, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1977", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1977-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 161718, "description": "Works of Juste-Aurele Meissonier (Oeuvre de Juste- AurPle Meissonier), plate 115: Silver Sculptural Project for a Large Centerpiece and Two Tureens Which Have Been Executed for His Lordship the Duke of Kingston, plate 115 from Works of Juste-Aur\u00e8le Meissonier (Oeuvre de Juste-Aur\u00e8le Meissonier), c. 1735\u201337. Gabriel Huquier (French, 1695\u20131772), after Juste-Aur\u00e8le Meissonnier (French, 1695\u20131750). Etching; sheet: 42 x 66.8 cm (16 9/16 x 26 5/16 in.); platemark: 38 x 64 cm (14 15/16 x 25 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund 2000.76", "relationship": "model for"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The langoustine, pigeon, and vegetables were cast using real examples giving the silver copies lifelike detail and appearance.", "description": "This tureen exemplifies the French Rococo style, an artistic movement celebrating naturalistic forms that developed in Paris during the early 1700s. In contrast to classical, controlled symmetry, Rococo forms morph, twist, and spill into the space around them. Meissonnier embellished this tureen in a picturesque arrangement of vegetables and creatures, transforming a utilitarian object into a decadent display of wealth and abundance. This masterpiece comes from a set of two tureens commissioned by the English Duke of Kingston during an extended stay in Paris in the 1730s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758901"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.182-covered-tureen-on-st"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Museum of Art Has Purchased Jointly with Stichting Collectie Thyssen\u2014Bornemisza the Kingston Tureens,\u201d January 4, 1978, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2515"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \"Meissonnier's Silver for the Duke of Kingston.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>65, no. 10 (December 1978): 312-352.", "page_number": "Reproduced: figs. 3, 7, 16", "url": "wwww.jstor.org/stable/25159607"}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018A Fairytale Circumstance\u2019 the Influence of Stage Design on the Work of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 9 (November 1983): 360\u2013378.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 366-367, fig. 10", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159834"}, {"citation": "Truman, Charles. <em>Sotheby's Concise Encyclopedia of Silver</em>. London: Conran Octopus, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 93", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=29221527"}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M, \"A Discerning Eye\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 05, May 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-05/page/n5"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth.<em> Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 40, p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jolly, Anna. <em>Seidengewebe des 18. Jahrhunderts. </em>2. Riggisberg: Abegg-Stiftung, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fuhring, Peter. \"The Silver Inventory from 1741 of Louis, duc d'Orleans.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art </em>8 (2003): 130-145.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 130-131, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079735"}, {"citation": "Caillaud-de Guido, Laurence. \"La courbe rocaille, lien entre les si\u00e8cles.\" <em>L'Estampille, l'objet d'art, </em>no. 435 (May 2008).<em><br><br></em> 1989.", "page_number": "Referenced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bo\u0308hmer, Achim, and Sara Hausmann. <em>Retrodesign: stylelab.</em> Mainz: Verlag Hermann Schmidt, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 184", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=456565304"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with, New York, NY: Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: pp. 214-215", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Gauvin Alexander. <em>Baroque and Rococo.</em> London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 293, fig. 179", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=804911527"}, {"citation": "Truman, Charles, Seoyoung Kim, and Rebecca Wallis. <em>The Wallace Collection: Catalogue of Gold Boxes</em>. London: The Trustees of the Wallace Colection, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67, fig. 4.1", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=746463344"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schroder, Timothy. \"Rococo Silver.\" In <em>Scrolls of Fantasy: The Rococo and Ceramics in England, C. 1735-C. 1775</em>. Charles Dawson, ed., 7-26. London: English Ceramic Circle, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manners, Errol. \"The Rococo Porcelain of Europe and its influence on British Ceramics.\" In <em>Scrolls of Fantasy: The Rococo and Ceramics in England, C. 1735-C. 1775</em>. Charles Dawson, ed., 27-38. London: English Ceramic Circle, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Welcome, Ada de Wit: The museum's new curator of decorative art.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>63, no. 3 (2023): 22-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 23", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-03/page/22/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.182", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.182/1977.182_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "646", "filesize": "137475", "filename": "1977.182_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.182/1977.182_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2439", "filesize": "1545427", "filename": "1977.182_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.182/1977.182_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "10189", "filesize": "434201868", "filename": "1977.182_full.tif"}}, 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Palais de la Berbie, Albi, Albi, France (organizer) (June 1-September 30, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515905, "title": "Seven Decades of Modern Art", "description": "<i>Seven Decades of Modern Art</i>. Rosenberg & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (April 26-May 21, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-04-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304520, "title": "Art and the Stage", "description": "<i>Art and the Stage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 22-August 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177160, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec and Montmartre", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec and Montmartre</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (March 20-June 12, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-03-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200460, "title": "Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 20, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227953, "title": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: Der Weg in die Moderne", "description": "<i>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: Der Weg in die Moderne</i>. Kunstforum Wien, Vienna, Austria (organizer) (October 16, 2014-January 25, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-10-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Portraits and Other Works by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Goupil Gallery, London (1898).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>H. de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Galeries Durand-Ruel, Paris (May 14\u201331, 1902).", "opening_date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec (1864\u20131901)</em>. Bernheim-Jeune &amp; Cie, Paris (October 12\u201324, 1908).", "opening_date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition de peintures et de lithographies originales de H. de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Palais du Louvre, Paris (January 24\u2013February 20, 1910).", "opening_date": "1910-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>L\u2019art franc\u0327ais au service de la science franc\u0327aise: Exposition d\u2019\u0153uvres d\u2019art des XVIIIe, XIXe et XXe sie\u0300cles au profit du Comite\u0301 national d\u2019aide de la recherche scientifique</em>. Chambre syndicale de la curiosite\u0301 et des beaux-arts, Paris (April 25\u2013May 15, 1923).", "opening_date": "1923-05-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Century of French Painting</em>. Alex. Reid &amp; Lef\u00e8vre at McLellan Galleries, Glasgow (May 1927).", "opening_date": "1927-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, Prints and Posters by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1864\u20131901</em>. Art Institute of Chicago (December 23, 1930\u2013January 18, 1931).", "opening_date": "1930-12-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Tenth Loan Exhibition: Lautrec, Redon</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York (February 1\u2013March 2, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-03-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Memorial Exhibition: The Collection of the Late Miss Lizzie P. Bliss</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York (May 17\u2013September 27, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-09-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Lillie P. Bliss Collection</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York (May 14\u2013September 12, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-09-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Six Masters of Post-Impressionism</em>. Wildenstein &amp; Co., New York (April 8\u2013May 8, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-05-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Exposition en l\u2019honneur du cinquanti\u00e8me anniversaire de sa mort</em>. Mus\u00e9e de l\u2019Orangerie, Paris (May\u2013August 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-08-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters and Lithographs</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (March 20\u2013May 6, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Centenaire de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Palais de la Berbie, Albi (June\u2013September, 1964); Petit Palais, Paris (October\u2013December 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Henri de Toulouse Lautrec 1864\u20131901</em>. O\u0308sterreichisches Museum fu\u0308r Angewandte Kunst, Vienna (June\u2013July 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-07-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Bernheim-Jeune, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-by 1909", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Etienne Bignou, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Toulouse-Lautrec fiches, Galerie \u00c9tienne Bignou Photo Archive, c. 1909-1950. Wildenstein Plattner Institute, Inc.</div>"], "date": "after 1909-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Alexander Reid & Lefevre, Ltd., London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Kraushaar Galleries, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1927", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Lizzie P. Bliss [1864\u20131931], New York, by descent to her estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927-1931", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "estate of Lizzie P. Bliss, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931-after 1934", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "George M. Moffett, Jr., Queenstown, MD", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1934-1948", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Maynard Walker Gallery, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. [1889\u20131957], Cleveland, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948-1958", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec depicted May Belfort in numerous prints, drawings, posters, and paintings.", "description": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec was inspired by caf\u00e9 concerts, popular places of Parisian entertainment that featured singers or other performers. This drawing depicts May Belfort, one such entertainer, who the artist discovered in 1895 during a visit to the popular nightclub Les D\u00e9cadents. Belfort soon became one of Lautrec's favorite models and is seen here wearing the ruffled dress and bonnet that became a signature of her performances. The singer adopted a babyish voice and stood motionless on the stage, encouraging her fans to shout lyrics along with her.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780795"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.54-may-belfort"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Portraits and Other Works by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>, no. 28. Exh. cat. London: Goupil Gallery, 1898.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4, no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>H. de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Exh. cat. Paris: Galeries Durand-Ruel, 1902.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duret, Th\u00e9odore. \u201cLes Affiches d\u2019art de Toulouse-Lautrec.\u201d <em>La Renaissance de l\u2019art fran\u00e7ais et des industries de luxe</em> 2 (1919): 381-83.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 383", "url": null}, {"citation": "R\u00e9gnier, Henri de. <em>L\u2019Art moderne et quelques aspects de l\u2019art d\u2019autrefois</em>. Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, 1919.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, pl. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duret, The\u0301odore. <em>Lautrec.</em> Paris: Bernheim-Jeune and Cie, 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. XII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coquiot, Gustave. <em>Lautrec, ou Quinze ans de moeurs parisiennes, 1885\u20131900</em>. Paris: Ollendorff, 1921.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 164, 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joyant, Maurice. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1864\u20131901, peintre</em>. Paris: Floury, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 290", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>A Century of French Painting</em>. Exh. cat. Glasgow: Alex Reid and Lef\u00e8vre, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, no 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, Prints and Posters by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1864\u20131901</em>. Exh. cat. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 23\u201324, no. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Tenth Loan Exhibition: Lautrec, Redon</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, no. 23; Reproduced: pl. 23", "url": "http://www.moma.org/d/c/exhibition_catalogues/W1siZiIsIjMwMDA2MTg0NSJdLFsicCIsImVuY292ZXIiLCJ3d3cubW9tYS5vcmcvY2FsZW5kYXIvZXhoaWJpdGlvbnMvMTk4MCIsImh0dHA6Ly93d3cubW9tYS5vcmcvY2FsZW5kYXIvZXhoaWJpdGlvbnMvMTk4MD9sb2NhbGU9ZW4iXV0.pdf?sha=309eae021828e073"}, {"citation": "<em>Memorial Exhibition: The Collection of the Late Miss Lizzie P. Bliss</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38, no. 142; Reproduced: pl. 142", "url": "https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_1707_300061851.pdf"}, {"citation": "<em>The Lillie P. Bliss Collection</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 6, 69-70, no. 66; Reproduced: pl. 66", "url": "https://www.moma.org/documents/moma_catalogue_1995_300190550.pdf"}, {"citation": "Mack, Gerstle. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: A. A. Knopf, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 176", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lassaigne, Jacques. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. London: Hyperion, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Six Masters of Post-Impressionism</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Wildenstein, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37, no. 31; Reproduced: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Florisoone, Michel and M. G. Dortu. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Exposition en l\u2019honneur du cinquanti\u00e8me anniversaire de sa mort</em>. Exh. cat. Paris: Orangerie des Tuileries, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 22-23, no. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters and Lithographs</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46, no. 32; Reproduced: p. 20-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Centenaire de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Exh. cat. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 74-76, no. 60; Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n203"}, {"citation": "<em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1864\u20131901</em>. Exh. cat. Vienna: O\u0308sterreichisches Museum fu\u0308r Angewandte Kunst, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62, no. 20; Reproduced: pl. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n203"}, {"citation": "Caproni, Giorgio. <em>L\u2019Opera completa di Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 114 (ill.), no. 421a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Novotny, Fritz. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: Phaidon, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192; Reproduced: pl. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dortu, M. G. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec et son \u0153uvre</em>. New York: Collectors Editions, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 3, pp. 362, no. 588; Reproduced: p. 363", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. London: Oresko Books, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 84-85", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n242"}, {"citation": "Monneret, Sophie. <em>L'Impressionnisme et son </em>\u00e9poque. Paris: Denoel, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 314", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper, Douglas. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: Abrams, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 106; Reproduced: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Hayward Gallery, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 332", "url": null}, {"citation": "Denvir, Bernard. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153; Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schimmel, Herbert. <em>The Letters of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 321n2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kokatsu, Reiko. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44, no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cate, Phillip Dennis, Mary Weaver Chapin, and Richard Thomson. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec and Montmartre</em>. Exh. cat. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 141, 257, no. 198; Reproduced: p. 184", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Benesch, Evelyn and Ingried Brugger, eds. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: Der Weg in die Moderne</em>. Exh. cat. Vienna: Kunstforum Wien, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 96, 242, no. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Marchesseau, Daniel, et al . <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec a\u0300 la Belle E\u0301poque, French Cancans: \u0152uvres graphiques, une collection priv\u00e9e</em>. Exh. cat. Martigny: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vircondelet, Alain. <em>Dans les Pas de Toulouse-Lautrec: Nuits de la Belle E\u0301poqu</em>e. Strasbourg: E\u0301ditions du Signe, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 136-37 (image identified incorrectly as CMA drawing)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 176-181, no. 37b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Walsh, Irene M.<em> Lillie P. Bliss: Collector, Advocate, and Visionary Benefactor of the Museum of Modern Art.</em> London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 70-74, fig. 3.10", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Dortu P588", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.54", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.54/1958.54_web.jpg", "width": "677", "height": "893", "filesize": "122176", "filename": "1958.54_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.54/1958.54_print.jpg", "width": "2578", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1608839", "filename": "1958.54_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.54/1958.54_full.tif", "width": "5527", "height": "7288", "filesize": "120866060", "filename": "1958.54_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.54/1958.54_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "893", "filesize": "129113"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.54/1958.54_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2615", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1736345"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.54/1958.54_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5836", "height": "7587", "filesize": "132856552"}, "date_created": "2012-08-23T13:39:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.54/1958.54_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "893", "filesize": "548032"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.54/1958.54_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "2009", "filesize": "2680926"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.54/1958.54_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "2009", "filesize": "9260868"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135515, "creators": [{"id": 1856, "description": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French, 1864\u20131901)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1864", "death_year": "1901", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1895", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:55:24.279000"}, {"id": 128394, "accession_number": "1951.358", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1917\u201318. Amedeo Modigliani (Italian, 1884\u20131920). Oil on canvas; framed: 94.6 x 77.5 x 6 cm (37 1/4 x 30 1/2 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 65 x 48.3 cm (25 9/16 x 19 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1951.358", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1917\u201318", "creation_date_earliest": 1917, "creation_date_latest": 1918, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["Italy, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 94.6 x 77.5 x 6 cm (37 1/4 x 30 1/2 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 65 x 48.3 cm (25 9/16 x 19 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.946, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.775, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.65, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.483, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper right: \"Modigliani\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442810, "title": "Modigliani Exhibition: Love and Nostalgia for Montparnasse", "description": "<i>Modigliani Exhibition: Love and Nostalgia for Montparnasse</i>. Daimaru Department Store Gallery, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (September 13-October 16, 1979); Daimaru Department Store Gallery, Osaka, Osaka, Japan (October 25-November 6, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-09-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442345, "title": "Modigliani", "description": "<i>Modigliani</i>. Saint Georges Gallery, Liege, Liege, Belgium (organizer) (October 17-December 14, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 223624, "title": "Modigliani and the Artists of Montparnasse", "description": "<i>Modigliani and the Artists of Montparnasse</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (October 18, 2002-January 12, 2003); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (February 8-May 25, 2003); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (June 28-September 28, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 524204, "title": "Amedeo Modigliani. A painter and his dealer", "description": "<i>Amedeo Modigliani. A painter and his dealer</i>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (organizer) (September 19, 2023-January 15, 2024) https://www.musee-orangerie.fr/fr/agenda/expositions/amedeo-modigliani-un-peintre-et-son-marchand.", "opening_date": "2023-09-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Old Masters of Modern Art</em>. The Hackley Art Gallery, Muskegon, MI, (October 6-November 17, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-10-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Galerie Paul Guillaume, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The label for Galerie Paul Guillaume is present on the back of the painting.&nbsp;</div><div><!--block--><br></div><div><!--block--><br></div>"], "date": "?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Georges B\u00e9nard, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Georges B\u00e9nard was a banker and collector of Impressionist works.</div>"], "date": "Until 1933", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(B\u00e9nard sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, June 9, 1933 (no. 67), sold to G. Bernheim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Vuillard's <em>Under the Trees</em> (CMA 1953.212) also appeared in the B\u00e9nard sale (no. 90).</div>"], "date": "1933", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Probably Georges Bernheim, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Guy-Patrice Dauberville believes that \u201cG. Bernheim,\u201d the buyer at the 1933 sale, refers to Georges Bernheim, an art dealer who operated a gallery separate from that of his cousin, Josse and Gaston Bernheim-Jeune.&nbsp; Georges Bernheim\u2019s gallery had closed by the early 1950s.&nbsp; A sale of Bernheim\u2019s collection on June 7, 1935 does not include the Cleveland picture.&nbsp; It also does not appear among the list of works confiscated from Bernheim\u2019s collection by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg, although a list of works seized from his collection provided by Bernheim to French authorities in 1946 suggests a number of confiscated artworks were not recorded by the ERR.&nbsp; The Cleveland picture has also not been located in any other databases or lists of confiscated works.&nbsp; &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1933-", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(C\u00e9sar de Hauke, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1951", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Modigliani drew and painted from an early age; when he was 11 years old, his mother predicted that he would become an artist.", "description": "Born to a Sephardic Jewish family in Livorno, Italy, Amedeo Modigliani studied briefly in Florence and Venice before moving to Paris in 1906 where he became a key member of the avant-garde art world. His portraits, known for their subtle color and elegantly elongated forms, chronicle the lives of fellow artists and poets, although the woman in this painting remains unidentified.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515878"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.358-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. T<em>ableaux modernes, aquarelles, gouaches, pastels</em>. June 9, 1933.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. T<em>ableaux modernes, aquarelles, gouaches, pastels</em>. June 9, 1933.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Margaret Burgess, letter to Guy-Patrice Dauberville, Nov. 12, 2003, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Guy-Patrice Dauberville, letter to Margaret Burgess, Jan. 20, 2004, in CMA curatorial file.  <br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 520", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n96"}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: World Pub. Co, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9: Mentioned: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lanthemann, J. <em>Modigliani, 1884-1920, catalogue raisonne\u0301; sa vie, son oeuvre complet, son art</em>. Barcelona, Spain: Gra\u0301ficas Condal, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121; Reproduced: p. 215, pl. 207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sakai, Tadayasu, and Toshio Yamanashi. <em>Modiriani Ten</em>. Tokyo, Japan: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53; Mentioned: p. 107-108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wayne, Kenneth, and Amedeo Modigliani. <em>Modigliani &amp; the Artists of Montparnasse</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams in association with the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 23, p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Picasso, Ingres: Paris, Muse\u0301e Picasso, 16 mars-21 juin 2004 : Montauban, Mus\u0301ee Ingres, 8 juillet-3 octobre 2004</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calvo Serraller, Francisco. <em>Picasso : tradicio\u0301n y vanguardia : gui\u0301a antolo\u0301gica de la exposicio\u0301n, Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, del 6 de junio al 3 de septiembre de 2006</em>. Madrid, Spain: Fundacio\u0301n Amigos del Museo del Prado, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 104-109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fraquelli, Simonetta, and Ce\u0301cile Girardeau, eds. <em>Modigliani: Un Peintre et Son Marchand</em>. Paris: Flammarion: Muse\u0301e de l\u2019Orangerie, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 118-119, no. 78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Modigliani: A Painter and His Art Dealer, </em>edited by Simonetta Fraquelli and C\u00e9cile Girardeau. Paris: \u00c9ditions Flammarion: Mus\u00e9e de l\u2019Orangerie, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119, fig. 78", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.358", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.358/1951.358_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "893", "filesize": "429858", "filename": "1951.358_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.358/1951.358_print.jpg", "width": "2523", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6941767", "filename": "1951.358_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.358/1951.358_full.tif", "width": "4165", "height": "5612", "filesize": "70152596", "filename": "1951.358_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 128394, "creators": [{"id": 2145, "description": "Amedeo Modigliani (Italian, 1884\u20131920)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1884", "death_year": "1920", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-08-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1917, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1917\u201318", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Girl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:37:44.619000"}, {"id": 143206, "accession_number": "1967.17", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Cardinal Guillaume Dubois, 1723. Hyacinthe Rigaud (French, 1659\u20131743). Oil on canvas; framed: 180.5 x 148 x 15 cm (71 1/16 x 58 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); unframed: 146.7 x 113.7 cm (57 3/4 x 44 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1967.17", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Portrait of Cardinal Guillaume Dubois", "creation_date": "1723", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1723, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 180.5 x 148 x 15 cm (71 1/16 x 58 1/4 x 5 7/8 in.); Unframed: 146.7 x 113.7 cm (57 3/4 x 44 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.805, "height_inch": 71, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.48, "width_inch": 58, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.15, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "unframed": {"height": 1.467, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.137, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on base of clock:  fait par Hyacinthus Rigaud, 1723", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 337083, "title": "The Age of Louis XV: French Painting, 1710 - 1774", "description": "<i>The Age of Louis XV: French Painting, 1710 - 1774</i>. The Toledo Museum of Art (organizer) (October 26-December 7, 1975); The Art Institute of Chicago (January 10-February 22, 1976); National Gallery of Canada (March 21-May 2, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-10-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 287121, "title": "Opulent Fashion in the Church", "description": "<i>Opulent Fashion in the Church</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2016-October 2, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 376102, "title": "Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743) or the Sun Portrait", "description": "<i>Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743) or the Sun Portrait</i>. Mus\u00e9e National de Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles, 78 008 Versailles cedex, France (organizer) (May 19-June 13, 2021) http://en.chateauversailles.fr/news/exhibitions/hyacinthe-rigaud-sun-portrait.", "opening_date": "2021-05-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>L'Exposition de la Jeunesse</em>. Place Dauphne, Paris, France (1723)", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Exposition d'oeuvres de l'art fran\u00e7ais au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle. Berlin, Germany (1910)", "opening_date": "1910-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Painter as Historian. </em>Wildenstein &amp; Co., New York, NY (1962)", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1967-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1956-1957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(H\u00f4tel Drouot, sale, Dec. 10, 1956, lot Q, sold to Wildenstein & Co.)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1In addition to the Rigaud painting, Wildenstein also purchased Aved's <em>Portrait of Jean-Gabriel du Theil at the Signing of the Treaty of Vienna</em> (CMA 1964.89) at this sale.&nbsp; Prior to this auction, the Rigaud, like the Aved, may have been in the Delaney collection.&nbsp; The Aved painting, as well as Tiepolo painting currently in the Samuel Kress Collection at the National Gallery (1952.5.78), were both owned by Edouard Kann and then by \u201cMme. Delaney,\u201d who may or may not have been the consignor to the 1956 Drouot sale.&nbsp; Because both the Rigaud and Aved were owned by Edouard Kann and were later sold in the 1956 sale, it is likely that the intervening owner(s) were also the same.&nbsp; The exact path that the Rigaud and Aved took after Kann is unknown; the Tiepolo was sold at the Galerie Charpentier in 1933, but neither the Rigaud nor the Aved appears in that sale.</div>"], "date": "1956", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Edouard Kann, Berlin1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 The Duveen Brothers stock book indicates, through a \"K\" in the \"remarks\" column, that on August 4, 1907, Edouard Kann, Rodolphe's son, purchased the Rigaud and other works from his father's collection</div>"], "date": "1907", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Duveen Brothers, Paris, sold to Edouard Kann)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 In 1905, shortly after Rodolphe Kann's death, Duveen announced its purchase of Kann's entire collection, which would be sold from the firm's new office in Paris (Catherine Scallen, <em>Rembrandt, Reputation, and the Practice of Connoisseurship</em>).&nbsp; Because Kann had left no will, problems ensued and it took over two years for the transaction to be officially completed; on August 7, 1907 the completion of the sale was published (James Henry Duveen, <em>The Rise of the House of Duveen</em>).&nbsp; The Rigaud appears under stock no. 156 in the Duveen stock book that inventories the Rodolphe Kann collection.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1905-1907", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Rodolphe Kann, Paris, collection purchased by the Duveen Brothers", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1900-1907", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Possibly P. & D. Colnaghi, London) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1According to the Frick Art Reference Library's annotated copy of the 1892 Christie's sale catalogue, the painting was purchased by Colnaghi.&nbsp; Unfortunately, Colnaghi's stock books do not go back as far as 1892 and thus this purchase cannot be confirmed.&nbsp; Furthermore, there are no published versions of the painting's provenance that include Colnaghi.</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, London, May 21, 1892, no. 68, possibly sold to P. & D. Colnaghi)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 The sale does include the collection of the 4th Earl of Egremont, but the whereabouts of the painting from his death in 1845 until the sale in 1892 are unknown.</div>"], "date": "1892", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "George Francis Wyndham, 4th Earl of Egremont [1786 \u2013 1845]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1845", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Mlle. Violat (heiress of Cardinal Dubois), Chateau de Villemenon, near Brie-Comte-Robert 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The<em> Archives de l'art franc\u0327ais; recueil de documents ine\u0301dits publie\u0301 par la Socie\u0301te\u0301 de l'histoire de l'art franc\u0327ais</em>, vol. 19, pp. 312-315 contains the correspondence between Charles-Nicolas Cochin and the Marquis de Marigny that refer to Violat's possession of the painting.</div>"], "date": "by 1764", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "With his luxurious, flamboyant dress\u2014a voluminous wrap of scarlet silk topped by a short fur cape\u2014the subject of Hyacinthe Rigaud\u2019s portrait was clearly a man of consequence. Guillaume Dubois gained the favor of Louis XIV as tutor to his nephew, Philippe Charles, Duke of Orl\u00e9ans, and served as chief minister under Louis\u2019s successors, the regent Duke of Orl\u00e9ans and Louis\u2019s great-grandson, Louis XV. Dubois was appointed a Cardinal in the Catholic Church in 1721, a lofty aspiration at least partly motivated by political ambition: the title gave him the ability to remove political adversaries with impunity. Dubois holds a letter with the words <em>Au Roy</em> (to the king); this portrait was painted in the same year the young Louis XV ascended to the throne.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469754"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.17-portrait-of-cardinal"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Perreau, Ste\u0301phan.  <em>Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743): catalogue concis de l'oeuvre</em>. Se\u0300te, France: Nouvelles Presses de Languedoc, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Tableaux anciens\u2026Par ou attribu\u00e9s \u00e0: J. Aved \u2013 Moreau L\u2019Ain\u00e9 \u2013 A. van der Neer \u2013 H. Rigaud et des \u00e9coles anglaise, fran\u00e7aise et hollandaise appartenant \u00e0 divers amateurs. </em>Dec. 10, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alison Cathie, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Feb. 22, 1972, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mrs. C.A. [Hannelore] Osborne, letter to Martine Delbecq, Nov. 7, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Duveen Brothers records, 1876-1981 (bulk 1909-1964), Series 1. Business records, 1876-1964, box 115, reel 38, Stock book 1: Rodolfe Kann Collection, 1907, page 12.  Digitized. Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Perreau, Ste\u0301phan.  <em>Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743): catalogue concis de l'oeuvre</em>. Se\u0300te, France: Nouvelles Presses de Languedoc, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Duveen Brothers records, 1876-1981 (bulk 1909-1964), Series 1. Business records, 1876-1964, box 115, reel 38, Stock book 1: Rodolfe Kann Collection, 1907, page 12.  Digitized. Getty Research Institute.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Rodolphe Kann Collection: Pictures</em>. Paris: C. Sedelmeyer, 1907.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alison Cathie, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Feb. 22, 1972, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mrs. C.A. [Hannelore] Osborne, letter to Martine Delbecq, Nov. 7, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Fifty Capital Pictures by Ancient and Modern Masters</em>. 1892.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Perreau, Ste\u0301phan.  <em>Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743): catalogue concis de l'oeuvre</em>. Se\u0300te, France: Nouvelles Presses de Languedoc, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mrs. C.A. [Hannelore] Osborne, letter to Martine Delbecq, Nov. 7, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alison Cathie, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Feb. 22, 1972, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mrs. C.A. [Hannelore] Osborne, letter to Martine Delbecq, Nov. 7, 1973, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Rodolphe Kann Collection: Pictures</em>. Paris: C. Sedelmeyer, 1907.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "De la Chavignerie, Emile Bellier. \"Notes pour Servir a L'Histoire de L'Exposition de la Jeunesse.\" <em>Revue Universelle des Arts</em> XIX (1864): 58-67.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carriera, Rosalba, Giovanni Vianelli, and Alfred Sensier. <em>Journal de Rosalba Carriera pendant son se\u0301jour a\u0300 Paris en 1720 et 1721</em>. Paris: J. Techener, 1865.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 268", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bode, Wilhelm von. <em>Gema\u0308ldesammlung des Herrn Rudolf Kann in Paris: 100 photogravuren mit text.</em> Wien: Gesellschaft fu\u0308r vervielfa\u0308ltigende Kunst, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 88, pl.88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Michel, Emile. \"La galerie de M. Rodolphe Kann.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> XXV (March 1901): 493-507.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 503", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marguillier, Auguste. \"La Collection de M. Rodolphe Kann.\" <em>Les Arts</em> II, no. 15 (March 1903): 2.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Furcy-Raynaud, Marc. \"Correspondance de M. de Marigny.\" <em>Nouvelles Archives de l'Art Fran\u00e7ais, third series </em>XIX (Paris, 1904): 312-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 312-315", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorbec, Prosper. \"L'Exposition de la Jeunesse au XVIIIe Si\u00e8cle.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> XXXIII (1905): 456-470.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 460", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kann, Rodolphe, Jules Mannheim, and Edouard Rahir. <em>Catalogue of the Rodolphe Kann Collection: Objets D'art</em>. Paris, France: [publisher not identified], 1907.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66, pl. 156; vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Esposizione di opere d'arte francese del settecento a Berlino,\" <em>Rassegna d'Arte</em> X, no. 4 (April 1910): 59-65.", "page_number": "Mentioned. p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roman, J. <em>Le livre de raison du peintre Hyacinthe Rigaud</em>. Paris, France: Laurens, 1919.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Anne Tzeutchier. \"Hyacinthe Rigaud Portrait of Cardinal Dubois.\" <em>The</em> <em>Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LIIII,</em> no 10 (October, 1967): 230-239.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1,2,8 and cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions to American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>XXX, no. 2 (Summer 1967): 153-176.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 159; mentioned: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 10 (1967): 302-46.", "page_number": "Referenced: no. 64, p. 343", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183."}, {"citation": "\"Chronique des Arts.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts Supplement </em>(February 1968): 1-140.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64, fig. 246", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n156"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Rigaud's Portrait of Cardinal Dubois.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 116, no. 860 (November 1974): 667-69.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 667-668; reproduced: p. 669", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774 : [Exhibition] 1975-1976, the Toledo Museum of Art, October 26-December 7, the Art Institute of Chicago, January 10-February 22, the National Gallery of Canada, March 21-May 2</em>. [Toledo, Ohio]: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 86, p. 71-72, Reproduced: pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Anne Tzeutchier. \"A Note on Rigaud's Portrait of Cardinal Dubois.\" <em>The</em> <em>Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXII,</em> no 11 (November,1975): 276-279.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 276", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Ottawa, Le Siecle de Louis XV.\" <em>Vie des Arts</em> XX (Spring, 1976): 70.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"Portrait Painting-An Image of Man.\" <em>Arts and Activities </em>(September 1977): 33-38.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n195"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 125-128; Reproduced: p. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Robert W. <em>Public Access to Art in Paris: A Documentary History from the Middle Ages to 1800</em>. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153, fig. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jamin, Pierre-Andre\u0301. <em>Guillaume Dubois, cardinal libertin de Que la fe\u0302te commence</em>. Paris, France: Artena, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover page", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walczak, Gerrit. \"Unter Freiem Himmel: Die Pariser Kunstausstellungen Auf Der Place Dauphine.\" <em>Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte</em> 74, no. 1 (2011): 77-98.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perreau, Ste\u0301phan. <em>Hyacinthe Rigaud (1659-1743): catalogue concis de l'oeuvre</em>. Languedoc,France: Nouvelles presses du Languedoc, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 267, pl. 1309", "url": null}, {"citation": "James-Sarazin, Ariane and Jean-Yves Sarazin. <em>Hyacinthe Rigaud: 1659-1743. </em>Dijon: E\u0301ditions Faton, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: v. 1: p. 195, pl. 139; Mentioned: p. 188, 208, 310, 331, 347, 358, 410, 424, 498, 545, 551, 554, 556, 585, 586; Reproduced: v. 2: p. 474-475, pl. 1390", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rigaud, Hyacinthe, Ariane James-Sarazin, and Hyacinthe Rigaud. Hyacinthe Rigau, ou, le portrait soleil. 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; pp. 310-310, no. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Watrelot, Michaela. <em>Wilhelm von Bode and the American Art Market : The Rudolphe Kann Collection</em>. New York: Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 76-77, fig. 3.33", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.17", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "893", "filesize": "104885", "filename": "1967.17_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_print.jpg", "width": "2640", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1328559", "filename": "1967.17_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_full.tif", "width": "5629", "height": "7249", "filesize": "122445852", "filename": "1967.17_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "75349"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2624", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1067803"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5548", "height": "7187", "filesize": "119646520"}, "date_created": "2013-01-28T14:57:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "109222"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1326204"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "265389876"}, "date_created": "2013-01-28T16:11:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "87991"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1260571"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021716"}, "date_created": "2013-01-28T15:40:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "692", "height": "893", "filesize": "374609"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2633", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5525444"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4316", "height": "5573", "filesize": "72194332"}, "date_created": "2008-11-03T16:36:48", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "893", "filesize": "399410"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2632", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5743258"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.17/1967.17_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4645", "height": "6000", "filesize": "83642388"}, "date_created": "2007-06-12T15:01:28", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 143206, "creators": [{"id": 1952, "description": "Hyacinthe Rigaud (French, 1659\u20131743)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1659", "death_year": "1743", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cardinal Guillaume Dubois", "Portrait of Cardinal Dubois"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:21:44.341000"}, {"id": 161701, "accession_number": "2000.65", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "New Year's Eve in New York City (Jazz Bowl), 1931. Viktor Schreckengost (American, 1906\u20132008), made by Cowan Pottery Studio (America, Rocky River, Ohio, 1920\u20131931). Glazed ceramic with sgraffito design; overall: 28.6 x 41.3 cm (11 1/4 x 16 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2000.65", "current_location": null, "title": "New Year's Eve in New York City (Jazz Bowl)", "creation_date": "1931", "creation_date_earliest": 1931, "creation_date_latest": 1931, "artists_tags": ["May Show", "male", "Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "Cleveland School", "Cleveland Institute of Art (faculty)"], "culture": ["America, Ohio, Cleveland"], "technique": "glazed ceramic with sgraffito design", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 28.6 x 41.3 cm (11 1/4 x 16 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.286, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.413, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 189020, "title": "Viktor Schreckengost and 20th-century Design", "description": "<i>Viktor Schreckengost and 20th-century Design</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 12, 2000-February 4, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-11-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177916, "title": "Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age", "description": "<i>Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 28-July 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 200463, "title": "The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s", "description": "<i>The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30, 2017-January 14, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-04-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 521173, "title": "Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession", "description": "<i>Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 1, 2023-January 28, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Cincinnati Art Galleries, June 3, 2000, Lot 143, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2000", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2000-?", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The blue-black color scheme of this bowl references ancient Egyptian ceramic glazes in the same palette made popular after King Tut's tomb was discovered in 1922.", "description": "The first Jazz Bowl (location unknown) was commissioned around 1930 by Eleanor Roosevelt when her husband was governor of New York. She allegedly requested a design that reflected the exciting nightlife of New York City. A young Viktor Schreckengost had just begun his career at the Cowan Pottery Studio in Rocky River, Ohio, when he was given the task of expressing the jazzy pulse of the times in clay. Cowan liked the design so much that a small edition of similar bowls was put in production. The bowl's design was created by scratching through a thin covering of black clay (called slip) to reveal the white ceramic underneath. After the bowl was fired once, it was covered with a rich glaze of Egyptian blue and fired again for the final time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984765"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Basset, Mark and Naumann, Victoria. <em>Cowan Pottery and the Cleveland School</em>. Atglen: Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 1997. pp. 189.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ostergard, Derek. <em>Art Deco Masterpieces</em>. New York: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, Inc., 1991. p. 44.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Landau, Diana. <em>Ohio: The Spirit of America</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, 2001. pp. 83.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. \u201cViktor Schreckengost at 99.\u201d <em>Modernism</em>, Vol. 8, No. 3 (Fall 2005): 74-5.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's. <em>Important 20th Century Design</em>. December 18, 2004. Sotheby's: New York, December 18, 2024. Lot 695.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pulsone, Maria et al. <em>Collecting American Decorative Arts and Sculpture (1971\u20131991). </em>Boston: The Museum of Fine Arts, 1991. pp. 23, 64.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cFrench 19th-Century Double Portrait Acquired; <em>Jazz Bowl</em> Purchased at Auction,\u201d June 19, 2000, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4343"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. \"Master of Design.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 40, no. 9 (November 2000): 4-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5, Cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2000-09/page/4/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>Viktor Schreckengost and 20th-Century Design</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cover, pp. 88-95, 165, cat. no. 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Landau, Diana. <em>Ohio: The Spirit of America. </em>New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 83; reproduced: pp. 7, 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Kathleen McKeever, \"And All That Jazz\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 05, May 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-05/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry.<em> What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 124-5", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=294879034"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with, New York, NY: Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 312-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 148-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bassett, M., et. al. \"Learning by Doing: The Evolution of Viktor Schreckengost's Jazz Series.\" <em>Journal of the American Art Pottery Association</em> 33, no. 4 (Autumn 2017): [12]-28.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 1, right; p. 16, fig, 3, left; p. 23, fig. 17, above; p. 26, fig. 23, below", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coffin, Sarah, Stephen Harrison, and Emily Marshall Orr. <em>The Jazz Age: American Style in the 1920s</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, distributed by New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. XII, 154; mentioned: pp. 155, 362, cat. 334", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Discovery through Design.\" <em>American Fine Art Magazine </em>65 (Sept/Oct 2022): 72-73.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 72", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2000.65", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "8d6f131290c7478195fe9fd0571c06fc", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/8d6f131290c7478195fe9fd0571c06fc", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161701, "creators": [{"id": 18616, "description": "Viktor Schreckengost (American, 1906\u20132008)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1906", "death_year": "2008", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 681237, "description": "Cowan Pottery Studio (America, Rocky River, Ohio, 1920\u20131931)", "extent": "made by", "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "The Cowan Pottery Studio was founded by R. Guy Cowan in Lakewood, Ohio, United States in 1912. It moved to Rocky River, Ohio in 1920, and operated until 1931, when the financial stress of the Great Depression resulted in its bankruptcy. Cowan Pottery produced both artistic and commercial work in a variety of styles influenced by the Arts and Crafts Movement, Art Deco, Chinese ceramics, and modern sculpture. <br> <br>During its two decades of operation, a number of well-known Cleveland School artists worked with Cowan at the studio: Elizabeth Anderson, Arthur Eugene Baggs, Alexander Blazys, Paul Bogatay, Edris Eckhardt, Waylande Gregory, A. Drexler Jacobson, Raoul Josset, Paul Manship, Jos\u00e9 Martin, Herman Matzen, F. Luis Mora, Elmer L. Novotny, Margaret Postgate, Stephen Rebeck, Guy L. Rixford, Viktor Schreckengost, Elsa Vick Shaw, Walter Sinz, Frank N. Wilcox, H. Edward Winter, and Thelma Frazier Winter. With the exception of Guy Cowan, himself, Waylande Gregory designed more pieces for the pottery than anyone else. Among Cowan's finest pieces were three limited edition figures relating to dance, including \"Salome\" (1928), \"The Nautch Dancer,\" (1930), and \"The Burlesque Dancer,\" (1930). For the last two, Gregory made sketches from the side of the stage of the well-known Ziegfeld Follies star, Gilda Grey, when she was performing in Cleveland.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2000-06-03T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1931, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1931", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:03.523000"}, {"id": 128363, "accession_number": "1951.323", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Villerville Seen from Le Ratier, 1855. Charles Fran\u00e7ois Daubigny (French, 1817\u20131878). Oil on fabric; framed: 80 x 141.5 x 7.5 cm (31 1/2 x 55 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 54.2 x 116.2 cm (21 5/16 x 45 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of William G. Mather, 1951.323", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "Villerville Seen from Le Ratier", "creation_date": "1855", "creation_date_earliest": 1855, "creation_date_latest": 1855, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 80 x 141.5 x 7.5 cm (31 1/2 x 55 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 54.2 x 116.2 cm (21 5/16 x 45 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.8, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.415, "width_inch": 55, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.542, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.162, "width_inch": 45, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in lower right: Daubigny 1855\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 520451, "title": "Charles Daubigny", "description": "<i>Charles Daubigny</i>. Paine Art Center and Gardens, Oshkosh, WI (organizer) (May 1-31, 1964); The Gallery of Modern Art, New York, NY (June 16-August 2, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 224215, "title": "The Draw of the Normandy Coast", "description": "<i>The Draw of the Normandy Coast</i>. Portland Museum of Art, Portland, ME (organizer) (June 14-September 2, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-06-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Louis Martinet, Boulevard des Italiens. Paris, France (January 1862).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Cleveland Art Loan Exposition under the Auspices of the Cleveland School of Art</em>. Kinney and Levan Building, Cleveland, OH (1913).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Barbizon Revisited</em>. California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA; Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (1962-63).", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>First American Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings and Prints by Charles Fran\u00e7ois Daubigny.</em> Paine Art Center and Arboretum, Oshkosh, WI; Gallery of Modern Art, New York, NY (1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Bought from the artist in 1878 by Count Armand Doria [1824-1896] Paris, France, for ff 2,500.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Heinemann, Munich, Germany, December 1912, sold to C.A. Platt for William G. Mather)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1912", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "William G. Mather [1857-1951] Cleveland, OH, bequethed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1912-1951", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Daubigny turned his boat, <em>Le Botin</em> (Little Box), into a studio where he painted while cruising the Seine, Marne, and Oise rivers in France.", "description": "The town of Villerville on the Normandy coast appears just to the right of center in this expansive landscape by Daubigny, a pioneer of outdoor painting and a major influence on Claude Monet and the Impressionists. Daubigny introduced a new kind of natural landscape based on outdoor studies of light, water, and atmospheric conditions. Here, streaks of bright light along the horizon set off the dark masses of the rocky shore in the foreground.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515831"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.323-villerville-seen-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Katalog franzo\u0308sischer und altspanischer Meister: permanente Ausstellung von Werken erstklassiger deutscher, franzo\u0308sischer, altenglischer und altspanischer Meister.</em> Galerie Heinemann; (Mu\u0308nchen). 1914.", "page_number": "Reproduced: unpaginated", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Bequest of William G. Mather: Paintaings.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXVIII</em> no. 8 (October, 1951):197-198.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 198", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisitions Press Release,\u201d September 26, 1951, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0030"}, {"citation": "\"Mather Bequest to Cleveland.\" <em>Art Digest </em>26 (October 15, 1951): 10.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 496", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n91"}, {"citation": "Gregg, Richard N. \"Charles Francois Daubigny, Forerunner of Impressionism.\" <em>Antiques</em> 85 (May 1964): 548-551.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 550", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n193"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n193"}, {"citation": "Fidell-Beaufort, Madeleine, Charles Franc\u0327ois Daubigny, and Janine Bailly-Herzberg. <em>Daubigny</em>. Paris, France: Geoffroy-Dechaume, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122, fig. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hellebranth, Robert. <em>Charles-Franc\u0327ois Daubigny: 1817-1878</em>. Morges, Switzerland: Matute, 1976.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n229"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hellebranth, Robert and Anne Hellebranth. <em>Charles-Franc\u0327ois Daubigny, 1817-1878</em>. France: [publisher not identified], 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burgess, Margaret E., Frances Fowle, and Richard Kendall. <em>The Draw of the Normandy Coast: 1860-1960</em>. Portland, ME: The Portland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clarke, Michael, Frances Fowle, Lynne Ambrosini, Maite van Dijk, Nienke Bakker, and Rene\u0301 Boitelle. <em>Inspiring Impressionism: Daubigny, Monet, Van Gogh</em>. Edinburgh, Scotland: National Galleries of Scotland, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 84-85, no. 75", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.323", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.323/1951.323_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "588", "filesize": "470851", "filename": "1951.323_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.323/1951.323_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1582", "filesize": "3570564", "filename": "1951.323_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.323/1951.323_full.tif", "width": "6105", "height": "2841", "filesize": "52063348", "filename": "1951.323_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of William G. Mather", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 128363, "creators": [{"id": 1626, "description": "Charles Fran\u00e7ois Daubigny (French, 1817\u20131878)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The son of a painter, Charles Fran\u00e7ois Daubigny received his initial training from his father, Edmond Fran\u00e7ois Daubigny (1789-1843), a student of Bertin (q.v.). Daubigny's uncle, Pierre, and his uncle's wife were also painters. In order to finance a trip to Italy, Daubigny began painting decorative panels for the Mus\u00e9e de Versailles. By 1835 he had earned enough money for the excursion and, accompanied by Henri Mignon, traveled through Rome, Florence, Pisa, and Genoa, studying the Italian country-side. Upon his return to Paris in 1836 Daubigny began working for Granet (q.v.) in the paintings restoration depart-ment of the Louvre. He made his Salon debut two years later and would regularly show there until 1868. During this time he also learned etching, and it became a good source of income while still allowing him time to paint. Daubigny began to travel often, to Normandy in 1842, to the forest of Fontainebleau and on to Burgundy in 1843. He became friends with Corot (q.v.), and the two artists painted together in Switzerland and the Dauphin\u00e9. In 1857 Daubigny bought a boat that he converted into a studio and used to explore the Oise, Marne, and Seine rivers. The boat allowed him freedom to choose the best viewpoints for his landscapes, an idea that Monet (q.v.) would adopt years later. Daubigny achieved some financial success, received the Legion of Honor in 1859, and a year later built a home and studio in Auvers. In 1861, however, he was criticized because his works were becoming darker and sketchier. He was, in fact, one of the earliest artists to become interested in capturing the changing quality of nature by using light, rapid brush strokes.\r\nWhile experimenting with painting, Daubigny continued his interest in printmaking. In 1862 he participated in an exhibit funded by Cadart, a print publisher and dealer. The exhibition concerned artists who considered printmaking a legitimate art in itself, not a medium for simple reproduction. Cadart became Daubigny's exclusive publisher. Along with Corot, Daubigny also experimented with the clich\u00e9 verre technique. He continued to travel, in Brittany in 1867 and Spain in 1868-69. He was also supportive of other artists. As a member of the Salon jury of 1868, he was instrumental in having the works of Degas (q.v.), Morisot (q.v.), Pissarro (q.v.), Renoir (q.v.), Sisley (q.v.), Monet, and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870) accepted. Daubigny moved to London in 1870 to escape the Franco-Prussian War. There he introduced Pissarro and Monet to Paul Durand-Ruel, his art dealer, who had opened a gallery in London. Daubigny returned to Paris after the war, traveling around the French countryside until the end of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1817", "death_year": "1878", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-07-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1855, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1855", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Coast near Villerville"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:37:33.922000"}, {"id": 134949, "accession_number": "1957.496", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Pope Innocent X Pamphili, designed 1647\u201348; cast 1650\u20131700. Alessandro Algardi (Italian, 1598\u20131654). Bronze; overall: 97 x 81 x 29 cm (38 3/16 x 31 7/8 x 11 7/16 in.); base: 23.5 x 27.1 cm (9 1/4 x 10 11/16 in.); without base: 78.1 x 81.6 cm (30 3/4 x 32 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., in honor of William Mathewson Milliken, Director 1930-1958, 1957.496", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Portrait of Pope Innocent X Pamphili", "creation_date": "designed 1647\u201348; cast 1650\u20131700", "creation_date_earliest": 1647, "creation_date_latest": 1648, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 97 x 81 x 29 cm (38 3/16 x 31 7/8 x 11 7/16 in.); Base: 23.5 x 27.1 cm (9 1/4 x 10 11/16 in.); without base: 78.1 x 81.6 cm (30 3/4 x 32 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.97, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.81, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.29, "depth_inch": 11, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "base": {"height": 0.235, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.271, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "without base": {"height": 0.781, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.816, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520993, "title": "Art in Italy, 1600-1700", "description": "<i>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (April 6-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 189675, "title": "Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections", "description": "<i>Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-April 12, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217111, "title": "Bernini and the Birth of Baroque Portrait Sculpture", "description": "<i>Bernini and the Birth of Baroque Portrait Sculpture</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (August 5-October 26, 2008); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (November 28, 2008-March 8, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-08-05T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Art of the Seaway Nations</em>. East Ohio Gas Company, Cleveland, OH (Week of April 20, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</em>. Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (April 6-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron Gustave de Rothschild, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Lambert Palais, Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., New York, NY, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1957", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The pope's stole features Pamphili family emblems: fleur-de-lis and doves encircled by olive leaves.", "description": "Innocent X (Giovanni Battista Pamphili) was pope from 1644 until his death in 1655. Although he was not very interested in the visual arts, he followed tradition and gave several papal commissions for artistic projects. Algardi was the sculptor most frequently called upon by Innocent X. This sensitive portrait captures many details of the pope's costume as well as his intelligent, quiet face.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760150"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.496-portrait-of-pope-inn"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Honour, Hugh. \"17th Century Art in Europe.\" <em>The Connoisseur</em> CXXXIX, no. 559 (January 1957): 34-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cEarly Byzantine Silver.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 45, no. 3 (1958).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142265"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> XXI, no. 1 (Spring 1958): 82-100.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \u201cAlessandro Algardi: Pope Innocent X.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 4 (1962): 80\u201382.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, detail p. 81", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151890"}, {"citation": "Cellini, Antonia Nava. \"Per l'Intergrazione e lo Svolgimento della Ritrattistica di Alessandro Algardi's.\" <em>Paragone: Mensile di Arte Figurativa e Letteratura  </em>XV, no. 177 (September 1964): 15-36.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 32, n. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cummings, Frederick J. <em>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</em>. Detroit:, MI: Detroit Institute of Arts; distributed by H.N. Abrams, New York, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n139"}, {"citation": "Wittkower, Rudolf. <em>Gian Lorenzo Bernini: The Sculptor of the Roman Baroque</em>. London, United Kingdom: Phaidon P., 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n139"}, {"citation": "Bershad, David L. \"A Series of Papal Busts by Domenico Guidi.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 112, no. 813 (1970): 805-11.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 809, n. 21", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/876529"}, {"citation": "Heimbu\u0308rger, Minna. <em>Alessandro Algardi scultore</em>. Roma, Italy: Istituto di studi romani, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n157"}, {"citation": "Bershad, David Leonard. <em>Domenico Guidi: A 17th Century Roman Sculptor</em>. Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 63-64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spike, John T. <em>Baroque Portraiture in Italy: Works from North American Collections : The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, December 7, 1984-February 3, 1985, Wadsworth Atheneum, March 20-May 20, 1985</em>. Sarasota, Fla: The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. <em>Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>.  Dissertation, Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bergman, Robert P., Diane DeGrazia, and Stephen N. Fliegel. <em>Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections : an Exhibition in Honor of the Sesquicentenary of the Diocese of Cleveland</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 111, no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferrari, Oreste, and Serenita Papaldo. <em>Le sculture del Seicento a Roma</em>. Roma, Italy: Ugo Bozzi, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 486", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bacchi, Andrea, Catherine Hess, Jennifer Montagu, and Anne-Lise Desmas. <em>Bernini and the Birth of Baroque Portrait Sculpture</em>. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232, pl. 5.10", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.496", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "295584", "filename": "1957.496_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_print.jpg", "width": "2628", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3969593", "filename": "1957.496_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_full.tif", "width": "4177", "height": "5405", "filesize": "67761584", "filename": "1957.496_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "299718"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3932217"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3973", "height": "5142", "filesize": "61319072"}, "date_created": "2008-01-11T13:16:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "303192"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4114126"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3783", "height": "4896", "filesize": "55596536"}, "date_created": "2008-01-11T13:35:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "266008"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3774684"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3755", "height": "4859", "filesize": "54767508"}, "date_created": "2008-01-11T15:24:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "254138"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3591613"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3748", "height": "4850", "filesize": "54563984"}, "date_created": "2008-01-11T15:34:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "305768"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4236681"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3812", "height": "4933", "filesize": "56446420"}, "date_created": "2008-01-11T16:04:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "290445"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2628", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3966995"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3963", "height": "5128", "filesize": "60997812"}, "date_created": "2008-01-11T16:09:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "519464"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7110235"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.496/1957.496_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3743", "height": "5000", "filesize": "56180592"}, "date_created": "2008-01-09T20:57:47", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc., in honor of William Mathewson Milliken, Director 1930-1958", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 134949, "creators": [{"id": 5500, "description": "Alessandro Algardi (Italian, 1598\u20131654)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1598", "death_year": "1654", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1647, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "designed 1647\u201348; cast 1650\u20131700", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bust of Innocent X"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:53:57.248000"}, {"id": 142653, "accession_number": "1966.377", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Artist's Sister Lola, 1899\u20131900. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil on canvas; framed: 62.5 x 54 x 8 cm (24 5/8 x 21 1/4 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 46.7 x 37.5 cm (18 3/8 x 14 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. David S. Ingalls, 1966.377. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "The Artist's Sister Lola", "creation_date": "1899\u20131900", "creation_date_earliest": 1899, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 62.5 x 54 x 8 cm (24 5/8 x 21 1/4 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 46.7 x 37.5 cm (18 3/8 x 14 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.625, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.54, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.467, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.375, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"P. Ruiz Picasso-\"; [signed upper left: \"Ruiz Picasso\"]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442154, "title": "Pablo Picasso: Fruhwerk und Blaue Periode (Pablo Picasso: Early Work and the Blue Period)", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso: Fruhwerk und Blaue Periode (Pablo Picasso: Early Work and the Blue Period)</i>. Kunstmuseum Bern, Bern, Switzerland (organizer) (December 6, 1984-February 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-12-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442114, "title": "Picasso, Mir\u00f3, Dali", "description": "<i>Picasso, Mir\u00f3, Dali</i>. Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Bruxelles, Belgium (September 26-December 22, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-09-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441430, "title": "Picasso: The Artist before Nature", "description": "<i>Picasso: The Artist before Nature</i>. Auckland Art Gallery, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand (organizer) (September 21-November 12, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177096, "title": "Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906", "description": "<i>Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (March 30-July 27, 1997); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (September 10, 1997-January 4, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-03-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206339, "title": "Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)", "description": "<i>Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15, 2006-January 7, 2007); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (co-organizer) (March 4-June 3, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 304672, "title": "Spain: 500 Years of Spanish Painting from the Museum of Madrid", "description": "<i>Spain: 500 Years of Spanish Painting from the Museum of Madrid</i>. San Antonio Museum of Art, San Antonio, TX (organizer) (June 22-September 16, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-06-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Antonio Vancells, Barcelona, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Jane Taft Ingalls, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1951-1966", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Picasso's younger sister, Maria Dolores Ruiz Picasso, known as Lola, was born in M\u00e1laga, Spain, in December 1884, several days after the city suffered an earthquake. The family sometimes affectionately called Lola \"La Terrem\u00f3tica\" (the little earthquake) partly because of the circumstances of her birth, but also because of her restless and inquisitive nature.", "description": "Pablo Picasso painted this portrait when he was 18 years old and sharing ideas with artists and writers in Barcelona who were dubbed modernists in the press. During this period, his younger sister, Maria Dolores Ruiz Picasso (1884\u20131958), known as Lola, was a favorite model. Picasso\u2019s bold handling of paint, the intense palette, and the way in which the figure\u2019s hands are merely suggested reveal the artist\u2019s early embrace of modernism. Lola\u2019s mantilla (a lace or silk scarf worn over the head and shoulders especially by Spanish and Latin American women) may allude to the family\u2019s Andalusian roots in southern Spain and their Catholic faith.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469688"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.377-the-artist-s-sister"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "McCully, Marilyn, ed. and Natasha Elena Staller. <em>Picasso--the Early Years, 1892-1906</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jiminez, Jill Berk, and Joanna Banham. <em>Dictionary of Artists' Models</em>. London, United Kingdom: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 427", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Jordi Falga\u0300s, and Carmen Belen Lord. <em>Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi\u0301, Miro\u0301, Dali\u0301</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Serraller, F. Calvo, and Carmen Gime\u0301nez. <em>Picasso: Tradition and Avant-Garde : 6 June-4 September 2006</em>. Madrid, Spain: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>19th Century European Paintings: Including Spanish Painting 1850-1930</em> London: Sotheby's, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valle\u0300s, Eduard. <em>Picasso versus Rusin\u0303ol: Barcelona, Museu Picasso, 27 de mayo-5 de septiembre de 2010</em>. Barcelona, Spain: Ajuntament de Barcelona, Institut de Cultura, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valle\u0300s, Eduard. <em>Picasso: obra catalana</em>. Barcelona: Enciclop\u00e8dia Catalana, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34-[35]", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gual, Male\u0301n.<em> Lola Ruiz Picasso: La Custo\u0300dia del Tresor =The Custodian of the Treasure. </em>Barcelona: Fundacio\u0301 Museu Picasso de Barcelona, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 65; Mentioned: P. 117", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCully, Marilyn. \"Lola Ruiz Picasso.\" In <em>Picasso: The Women in His Life: an Homage</em>. Margrit Bernard, 26-39. Munich: Hirmer, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 32-33", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.377", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. David S. Ingalls", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 142653, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1899, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1899\u20131900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["(Lola in a Spanish Dress)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:21.802000"}, {"id": 142662, "accession_number": "1966.385", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Pilgrim, 1957. David Smith (American, 1906\u20131965). Steel; overall: 206.9 cm (81 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.385. \u00a9  The Estate of David Smith / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": "227 Abstract Expressionism", "title": "Pilgrim", "creation_date": "1957", "creation_date_earliest": 1957, "creation_date_latest": 1957, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "steel", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 206.9 cm (81 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.069, "height_inch": 81, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  The Estate of David Smith / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 220726, "title": "The Fields of David Smith (Part II)", "description": "<i>The Fields of David Smith (Part II)</i>. Storm King Art Center, Mountainville, NY (May 1-November 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-05-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, 1958: \"Sculpture 1950-1958,\" Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin, XV (Winter 1958), p. 83, illus.", "opening_date": "1958-10-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Museum of Modern Art, NY, 1957: \"David Smith\"", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Sao Paulo Biennial, 1959", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, 1966: \"David Smith, 1906-1965: A Retrospective Exhibition,\" cat. #332, also to Washington Gallery of Modern Art, 1967", "opening_date": "1966-09-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA: Individuals: A Selected History of Contemporary Art, 1945-1986, December 6, 1986-June 10, 1987.", "opening_date": "1986-12-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The teenaged David Smith took a correspondence course in cartooning with the Cleveland School (now Institute) of Art.", "description": "A former automobile assembly line worker, Smith welded locomotives and tanks for a manufacturer during World War II. Perhaps not surprisingly, he adopted industrial materials and techniques throughout his career as a sculptor. Regarding his preferred medium, Smith stated, \"The material called iron or steel I hold in high respect . . .The metal itself possesses little art history. What associations it possesses are those of this century: power, structure, movement, progress, suspension, destruction, brutality.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80042581"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Smith, Rebecca, Candida N. Smith, Michael Brenson, Sarah Hamill, Marc-Christian Roussel, Tracee Ng, and David Smith. David Smith Sculpture : A Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9, 1932-1965. Edited by Christopher Lyon and Susan J. Cooke. [New York, NY]: The Estate of David Smith, 2021.", "page_number": "Vol. 1, mentioned, p. 362; reproduced, pp. 45, 117, 150; Vol. 3, mentioned, pp. 130-31; reproduced, p. 131.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hamilton, Chloe and Forbes Whiteside, \"\"Sculpture 1950\u20131958,\" <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin</em> 15 (Winter 1958).", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 61; reproduced, unpaginated [p. 83].", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cTwo New Contemporary Sculptures.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 7 (September 1967): 219\u2013227.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 223-225, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152168"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 201", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n225"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Gabriel P. Weisberg, H. W. Janson, and Case Western Reserve University. <em>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</em>. Cleveland, Kent, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art ; Distributed by the Kent State University Press, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139; Mentioned: p. 144, no. 118", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n273"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-</em>1960. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 135, no. 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Smith, Candida N., David Smith, Irving Sandler, Mark Di Suvero, Jerry L. Thompson, and Storm King Art Center. <em>The Fields of David Smith.</em> Mountainville, N.Y., New York, N.Y.: Storm King Art Center; Thames &amp; Hudson, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 143", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brenson, Michael. <em>David Smith: The Art and Life of a Transformational Sculptor. </em>First edition. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 496", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.385", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Frank H. and Nancy L. Porter Gallery", "athena_id": 142662, "creators": [{"id": 3959, "description": "David Smith (American, 1906\u20131965)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1906", "death_year": "1965", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1957, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1957", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:21.859000"}, {"id": 150841, "accession_number": "1982.247", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Painter, 1855. Ernest Meissonier (French, 1815\u20131891). Oil on mahogany; framed: 39 x 33.5 x 6.5 cm (15 3/8 x 13 3/16 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 27 x 21.1 cm (10 5/8 x 8 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Noah L. Butkin, 1982.247", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "A Painter", "creation_date": "1855", "creation_date_earliest": 1855, "creation_date_latest": 1855, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on mahogany", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 39 x 33.5 x 6.5 cm (15 3/8 x 13 3/16 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 27 x 21.1 cm (10 5/8 x 8 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.39, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.335, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.27, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.211, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: EMeissonier. 1855 [EM in monogram]\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1983</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441330, "title": "Ernest Meissonier: R\u00e9trospective", "description": "<i>Ernest Meissonier: R\u00e9trospective</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, 69001 Lyon, France (organizer) (March 25-June 27, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-25T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Salon</em>. Palais des Champs-Elys\u00e9es, Paris, France (1857).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "International Exhibition. London, United Kingdom (1871).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>The Artist and the Studio in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 5 -August 13, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-04-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Metropolitan Museum, New York, NY (1902)", "opening_date": "1902-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Countess Lehon [1808-1880], Paris, France, her sale, April 2-3,1861, lot 10, sold to Vente X . . . de Vienne", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1861", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Vente X . . . de Vienne, 1861, (possibly Georg Plach [1818-1885], Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->There are at least two sales at Drouot, 20 April and 1-2 May 1861, though neither catalogue lists a painting by Meissonier.</div>"], "date": "1861-1871", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "G. Simpson, by 1871", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1871", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "John Grant Morris [1811-1897], Allerton Priory, Liverpool, United Kingdom,1883, sold to Samuel P. Avery", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1883-1884", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Samuel P. Avery, New York, NY, by 1884, sold to William H. Vanderbilt)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1884", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "William H. Vanderbuilt [1821-1885], New York, NY, by descent to his son, George W. Vanderbuilt", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "George W. Vanderbilt [1862-1914], New York, NY, by descent to Cornelius Vanderbilt III", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Cornelius Vanderbilt III [1983-1942], New York, NY by descent to his widow, Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt III", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919-1945", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt III, his widow', [1870-1953], New York, NY, consigned to Parke-Bernet for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, NY, April 18-19, 1945, sold to Mrs. Derek Spence)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Mrs. Derek Spence [1905-1984], New York, NY, February 1976,  consigned to Hammer Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945-1976", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(Hammer Gallery, New York, NY, July 1976, sold to Shepherd Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1976", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "(Shephard Gallery, New York, NY, July 1976, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "Mrs. Noah L. Butkin [1915-2008], Shaker Heights, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976-1982", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1982-", "sortorder": 15}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The fashionable attire worn by the subject of this painting is from the previous century. In order to ensure authenticity in his paintings, Meissionier collected accessories from local costume markets to assemble a \u201cwork library.\u201d", "description": "Meissonier often depicted artists and musicians of the 1600s and 1700s engaged in their work. This artist is busy painting a small canvas depicting a nymph and satyr. The artist\u2019s 18th-century costume\u2014nearly 100 years out of date at the time of the painting\u2019s creation\u2014transforms the scene into a charming historical fiction. Meissonier exhibited the painting at the Paris Salon of 1857.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474936"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1982.247-a-painter"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Auvray, Louis.<em> Exposition des Beaux Arts Salon 1859 par Louis Auvray.</em> Paris: Emile Allard, 1857.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Camp, M. de. <em>Le Salon de 1857: Peinture, Sculpture</em>. Paris: Librairie Nouvelle, 1857.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burty, Philippe. \"Les Oeuvres de M. Meissonier et les Photographies de M. Bingham.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-arts </em>20 (1866):78-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mollett, John W. <em>Meissonier</em>. New York, NY: Scribner and Welford, 1882.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Shinn, Earl. <em>Mr. Vanderbilt's House and Collection, Described by Edward Strahan [Pseud.]</em>. Boston, MA: G. Barrie, 1883.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48, vol. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waters, Clara Erskine Clement, and Laurence Hutton. <em>Artists of the Nineteenth Century and Their Works. A Handbook Containing Two Thousand and Fifty Biographical Sketches</em>. Boston, MA: Ticknor, 1884.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Complete Works of E. Meissonier: With Biography</em>. New York. NY: J.W. Bouton, 1884.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl.xxxviii", "url": null}, {"citation": "Durand-Greville, E. \"La Peinture aux Etats-Unis: Les Galeries Privees.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-arts </em>36 (1887): 250-255.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 252", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chaumelin, Marius. <em>Portraits d'Artistes</em>. Paris: C. Marpon et E. Flammarion, 1887.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 43, no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stranahan, Clara Cornelia (Harrison). <em>A History of French Painting from Its Earliest to Its Latest Practice: Including an Account of the French Academy of Painting, Its Salons, Schools of Instruction and Regulations</em>. London, United Kingdom: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1889.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gre\u0301ard, Octave. <em>Meissonier, His Life and His Art</em>. New York, NY: A.C. Armstrong, 1897.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Avery, Samuel Putnam, Madeleine Fidell-Beaufort, H. L. Kleinfield, and Jeanne K. Welcher. <em>The Diaries, 1871-1882, of Samuel P. Avery, Art Dealer</em>. New York, NY: Arno Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 726-728; Reproduced: fig. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \" Annual Report for 1982.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXX, </em>no. 6 (June, 1983): 230-232.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 231", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Year in Review for 1983.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXI </em>no. 2 (February, 1984): 39-64.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61, fig. 19;", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vanderbilt, William H. <em>Collection of W.H. Vanderbilt, 640 Fifth Avenue. </em>New York. 1884.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 25, no. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patterson, Jerry E. <em>The Vanderbilts</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Placidi, Kathleen S. \"Beyond Bootblacks: \"The Boat Builder\" and the Art of John George Brown.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 77, no. 10 (1990): 366-82.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 377-78", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161306"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogu</em>e. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gotlieb, Marc. <em>The Plight of Emulation: Ernest Meissonier and French Salon Painting</em>. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 230, no. 53, fig. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Becker, Edwin, and Elizabeth Prettejohn. <em>Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. T<em>he Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hungerford, Constance Cain, and Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier. <em>Ernest Meissonier: Master in His Genre</em>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Antigu\u0308edad, Ma. Dolores, and Amaya Alzaga Ruiz. <em>Colecciones, expolio, museos y mercado arti\u0301stico en Espan\u0303a en los siglos XVIII y XIX</em>. Madrid, Spain: Editorial Universitaria Ramo\u0301n Areces, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 321, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "David Pullins, review of Delicious Decadence. The Rediscovery of French Eighteenth-Century Painting in the Nineteenth Century, ed. by Guillaume Faroult, Monica Preti and Christoph Vogtherr. The Burlington Magazine 157, no. 1349 (August 2015): 550.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 550, fig. 27", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.247", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.247/1982.247_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "394981", "filename": "1982.247_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.247/1982.247_print.jpg", "width": "2674", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5614437", "filename": "1982.247_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.247/1982.247_full.tif", "width": "4719", "height": "6000", "filesize": "84973676", "filename": "1982.247_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Noah L. Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 150841, "creators": [{"id": 1661, "description": "Ernest Meissonier (French, 1815\u20131891)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Ernest Meissonier had little formal or institutional artistic training, having studied only briefly in Cogniet's (q.v.) studio. Meissonier began his career making woodcuts for book illustrations, which must have served his craftsmanship and influenced his tendency toward working in a small format. From the beginning he was inspired by seventeenth-century Dutch and Flemish genre painters, as attested by his first Salon painting, Dutch Burghers (1834, Wallace Collection, London). His subjects would eventually have a more typical French flavor, representing artists, musicians, or members of the bourgeoisie involved in leisurely activities, and mostly in eighteenth-century settings. Meissonier joined the French army during the Austro-Italian War (1859), after which he frequently painted military scenes, such as Napoleon III at Solferino (1863, Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Compi\u00e8gne). Along with the many small depictions of the soldier's life, Meissonier also produced some military paintings on a grand scale. Such works were his attempt to make history paintings and served to counter the criticism that his subjects were frivolous. His military paintings culminated in a partly finished project of four large canvases depicting events in Napoleon I's military career that occupied him from 1864 through 1876. But no matter the size or subject of his paintings, they were always meticulously executed. The Franco-Prussian War also inspired some important works, such as Ruins of the Tuileries (1871, Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Compi\u00e8gne). Meissonier's work was extremely popular with the upwardly mobile mercantile elite who appreciated his craftsmanship. Criticism came from artists like Degas (q.v.) and Manet (q.v.), who advocated a more Courbet-like realism, addressing contemporary issues rather than painting idealized reflections of the past. Meissonier led the jury that excluded Courbet (q.v.) from the Salon of 1872 because of his involvement in the Paris Commune in 1871. Yet in 1889 Meissonier was also involved in founding the more progressive artist's organization and exhibitions of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Beaux-Arts that seceded from the traditional Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Fran\u00e7ais. Meissonier received many honors and was the first artist to be promoted to the grand croix, the highest rank of the Legion of Honor (1899).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1815", "death_year": "1891", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1855, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1855", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:47:07.341000"}, {"id": 134237, "accession_number": "1956.719", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child with Saint Jerome and Saint Catherine of Alexandria, c. 1450. Carolino da Viterbo (Italian). Tempera and gold on wood panel; framed: 68.5 x 47.5 x 5 cm (26 15/16 x 18 11/16 x 1 15/16 in.); unframed: 59.7 x 39 cm (23 1/2 x 15 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Fanny Tewksbury King Collection, 1956.719", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Virgin and Child with Saint Jerome and Saint Catherine of Alexandria", "creation_date": "c. 1450", "creation_date_earliest": 1445, "creation_date_latest": 1455, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Siena(?)"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 68.5 x 47.5 x 5 cm (26 15/16 x 18 11/16 x 1 15/16 in.); Unframed: 59.7 x 39 cm (23 1/2 x 15 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.685, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.475, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.05, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.597, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.39, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Representative Art through the Ages (lent by Mrs. Ralph King),The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition, The Cleveland Museum of Art, cat. no. 141. The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "In sale held by Galardelli, Florence, May 13, 1914, lot 37, illus. in pl. I (as Sano di Pietro)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Achillito Chiesa, Milan (sale: American Art Galleries, New York, Nov. 27, 1925, no. 50)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Kind, Cleveland, 1925", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Fanny Tewksbury Kind Collection, 1956", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The figure to the right of the Christ child is Saint Jerome, identifiable by the rock he holds to his chest.", "description": "In his right hand, the Christ child grasps a stem of roses. The beauty and fragrance of roses symbolize heaven, while their thorny stems allude to the crown of thorns and Christ's suffering. The bird he holds in his left hand symbolizes the human soul. The elaborate haloes with Latin inscriptions identify the figures and help organize the composition. The names of Christ, Saint Jerome, and Saint Catherine of Alexandria appear in abbreviated form. The Madonna's halo proclaims her worthiness to bear the Son of God: \"Hail, full of grace,\" while the inscription at the top is one of her most popular titles: \"Merciful Mother.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517361"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.719-virgin-and-child-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Marle, Raimond van, and Charlotte van Marle. <em>The Development of the Italian Schools of Painting</em>. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. IX, p. 484, n. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eglington, Guy. \"Chiesa Collection of Italian and Flemish Masterpieces Goes on View at the American Art Galleries.\" <em>ARTnews </em>XXIV, 7 (November 21. 1925): 14.<br>Attributed to Sano di Pietro.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. <em>Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections.</em> Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972. <br>Attributed to a follower of Sano di Pietro.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 181, 320, 383, 406, 574", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 28, p. 73 - 75", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.719", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.719/1956.719_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "893", "filesize": "456532", "filename": "1956.719_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.719/1956.719_print.jpg", "width": "2364", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6541277", "filename": "1956.719_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.719/1956.719_full.tif", "width": "4171", "height": "6000", "filesize": "75109864", "filename": "1956.719_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Fanny Tewksbury King Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134237, "creators": [{"id": 2071, "description": "Carolino da Viterbo (Italian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1445, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1450", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:52:21.375000"}, {"id": 160211, "accession_number": "1998.123", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Buddhist Ritual Bell (\uccad\ub3d9 \uae08\uac15\ub839 [\u9751\u9285\uf90a\u525b\u9234]), 1300s. Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392). Bronze; with incised designs; overall: 17.8 x 6.6 cm (7 x 2 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mitsuru Tajima, 1998.123", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Buddhist Ritual Bell", "title_in_original_language": "\uccad\ub3d9 \uae08\uac15\ub839 [\u9751\u9285\uf90a\u525b\u9234]", "creation_date": "1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1399, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392)"], "technique": "bronze; with incised designs", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 17.8 x 6.6 cm (7 x 2 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.178, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.066, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mitsuru Tajima, Tokyo, Japan, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Called a <em>vajra</em> in Sanskrit, this implement is used in Buddhist rituals meant to destroy ignorance.", "description": "This Buddhist ritual bell is called the \"five-pronged\" bell due to the four prongs bending toward a central prong at the end of the handle. This shape is a <em>vajra</em>, or lightning bolt, a powerful and important symbol in esoteric Buddhism, which originated in India, spread across Asia, and was practiced in Korea.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757709"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.123-buddhist-ritual-bell"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment, 918-1392</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \"Sacred Metalwork of Korea.\" <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 43, no. 5 (May 2003): 8\u20139.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-05/page/8/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Choi, Eung-chon. \u201cCraftsmen in Metal Arts in the Goryeo Dynasty [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \u91d1\u5c6c\u5de5\u85dd\uc758 \u5320\u4eba].\u201d <em>Misulsahak yeongu</em> (2004): 171\u2013192.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00996932"}, {"citation": "Choi, Eung-chon. \u201cMetal Arts in the Late Goryeo Period [\uace0\ub824\ud6c4\uae30\uc758 \uae08\uc18d\uacf5\uc608].\u201d <em>Kangjwa misulsa</em> (2004): 125\u2013156.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09054886"}, {"citation": "Kim, Eun-ae. \"A Study of Repouss\u00e9 Works of the Goryeo Period [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \ud0c0\ucd9c \uacf5\uc608 \uc5f0\uad6c].\" <em>Misulsahak yeongu</em> (2007): 31\u201372.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00997073"}, {"citation": "Choi, Eung-chon. \u201cThe Current Condition and Characteristic of Korean Esoteric Buddhist Ritual Objects of the Goryeo Dynasty in Japanese Collections.\u201d [\u65e5\u672c\u6240\u5728 \u97d3\u570b \u5bc6\u654e\u6cd5\u5177\uc758 \ud604\ud669\uacfc \ud2b9\uc131]. <em>Silla munhwa </em>(2017): 213\u2013237.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE07136397"}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo: The Glory of Korea </em>[\ub300\uace0\ub824, \uadf8 \ucc2c\ub780\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 132, no. 94", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.123", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.123/1998.123_web.jpg", "width": "607", "height": "893", "filesize": "49381", "filename": "1998.123_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.123/1998.123_print.jpg", "width": "2310", "height": "3400", "filesize": "858040", "filename": "1998.123_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.123/1998.123_full.tif", "width": "3181", "height": "4680", "filesize": "44689884", "filename": "1998.123_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.123/1998.123_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "893", "filesize": "50047"}, "print": {"url": 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"is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:23.656000"}, {"id": 164629, "accession_number": "2006.138", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Prestige stool (Kuo fo), possibly 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Cameroon, Bandjoun Kingdom, Bamileke makers. Wood, cotton, plant fiber, glass beads, and indigo; overall: 51 x 38 x 43 cm (20 1/16 x 14 15/16 x 16 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2006.138", "current_location": null, "title": "Prestige stool (Kuo fo)", "creation_date": "possibly 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Cameroon, Bandjoun Kingdom, Bamileke makers"], "technique": "Wood, cotton, plant fiber, glass beads, and indigo", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 51 x 38 x 43 cm (20 1/16 x 14 15/16 x 16 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.51, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.38, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.43, "depth_inch": 16, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 412365, "title": "The Language of Beauty in African Art", "description": "<i>The Language of Beauty in African Art</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (April 3-July 31, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/language-beauty-african-art; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 20, 2022-February 27, 2023) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9344/the-language-of-beauty-in-african-art.", "opening_date": "2022-04-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Pierre Harter, Arts anciens du Cameroun (Arnouville: Arts d'Afrique Noire, 1986), p. 280 (reproduces the field-photograph Father Frank Christol made in 1925, the original of which is preserved in the archives of the Mus\u00e9e de l'Homme, Paris).", "opening_date": "1925-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pierre Harter, Les Rois sculpteurs, exh. cat. (Paris: RMN, 1993), p. 61.", "opening_date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Jean-Paul Notue &amp; Bianca Triaca, Bandjoun (Milan: 5 Continets, 2005), p. 54.", "opening_date": "2005-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bettina von Lintig, Cameroun, exh. cat. (Paris: Galerie Bernard Dulon, 2006), p. 125-26 (field photo), 127-29 (object as such).", "opening_date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Fo (King) Fotso I and Fo Fotso II, Bandjoun Kingdom, Cameroon", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Harter Pierre. 1986. <em>Arts Ancien Du Cameroun</em>. Arnouville: Arts d'Afrique Noire, p. 282</div><div><!--block--><br></div><div><!--block--><br></div><div><!--block--><br></div>"], "date": "19th century", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Fo Kamga II Joseph (1902-1975; r. 1925-1975), Bandjoun Kingdom, Cameroon possibly by descent from the above", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by at least 1925-", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "possibly Rev. Frank Christol (1884\u20131979)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Pierre Harter (b. 1928) suggested this may have been amongst a group of objects that Christol sold to Ratton. Unpublished/undated text, curatorial file.</div>"], "date": "1925", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Charles Ratton (1895\u20131986), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1940 (perhaps earlier) to 1974", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Charles-Fran\u00e7ois Ratton (son of Charles), Paris by gift from the above", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Nouveau Drouot auction house,&nbsp;<em>Arts Primitifs</em>, July 2, 1987. Lot 216, p 39. Note: though listed, this work did not sell at this auction.</div>"], "date": "1974-?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Bernard Dulon, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Email with Galerie Bernard Dulon, 2/23/2021; CMA Curatorial File.</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Yves Develon", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Email with Galerie Bernard Dulon, 2/23/2021; CMA Curatorial File.</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Private collection, Paris by purchase from Yves Develon (sold on their behalf by Galerie Bernard Dulon, Paris, France, to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Email with Galerie Bernard Dulon, 2/23/2021; CMA Curatorial File.</div>"], "date": "-2006", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2006-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The beads on this stool were sewn on by hand. Look underneath the stool, however, and you can see commercially made printed fabric.", "description": "Bead-covered wooden stools and thrones are one of the most prevalent art forms among the various kingdoms and chiefdoms in the Cameroon Grassfields region. This example, once part of the royal treasury, belongs in the category of \"travel stools,\" usually used in conjunction with more private, minor ceremonies and rituals at the palace. The leopard imagery confirms the object\u2019s royal status. It alludes to the belief that the king could temporarily transform himself into this feared predator.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757358"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2006.138-prestige-stool-kuo", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2006.138-prestige-stool-kuo-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Biro, Yae\u0308lle. 2018. \u201cThe Canon and Its Consequences : The Reception of Bamileke Tsesah Crests.\u201d <em>Tribal Art:</em> 22 (2) No. 87 Spring 2018 Pages 118-131. Fig. 17 (ca. 1925 photograph by Frank Christol)", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Print: Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"Sitting Pretty.\" <em>Apollo Magazine</em>, July/August 2023, pp. 60\u201365<br><br>Online: Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"How a leopard stool from Cameroon got its spots.\" <em>Apollo Magazine</em>. July 3, 2023.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.apollo-magazine.com/cameroonian-leopard-stool-cleveland-museum-of-art/"}, {"citation": "Harter, Pierre.<em> Arts anciens du Cameroun</em>. Arnouville: Arts d'Afrique noire, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 280", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot.<em> Arts primitifs.</em> 1987.", "page_number": "lot 216", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e national des arts africains et oce\u0301aniens, Louis Perrois, and Henri Marchal.<em> Les rois sculpteurs: art et pouvoir dans le grassland camerounais : legs Pierre Harter.</em> Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Notue\u0301, Jean-Paul, and Bianca Triaca.<em> Bandjoun: tre\u0301sors royaux au Cameroun : Bandjoun, tradition dynamique, cre\u0301ation et vie : catalogue du Muse\u0301e de Bandjoun</em>. Milan: 5 continents, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lintig, Bettina von, and Hughes Dubois. <em>Cameroun</em>. [Montreuil]: [Gourcuff Gradenigo Paris], 2006.", "page_number": "pp. 127-29, 168-69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Annual Report, July 1, 2006--July 30, 2007.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 30-31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, \"King Kamga's Travel Stool\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 05, May/June 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-05/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \u201cNew Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>African Arts</em> 44, no. 1 (2011).", "page_number": "pp. 52-67, fig. 8, note 12", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41330706"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56 - 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "244-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lintig, Bettina von. 2014. \"A Grasslands Beaded Leopard Skin.\" <em>Tribal Art</em> vol. 18:3, no. 72 (summer).", "page_number": "pp. 108-117, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yae\u0308lle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel. <em>The language of beauty in African art. </em>2022.", "page_number": "cat. no. 22, pp. 52, 316", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. 2022. \"The Language of Beauty in African Art.\" <em>Tribal Art</em> vol. 26:4, no. 105 (autumn).", "page_number": "pp. 70-79 [reproduced as Fig. 6 on p. 73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"The Language of Beauty in African Art.\"<em> Kimbell Art Museum Members' Guide</em> (March\u2013September 2022): 2-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  P. 3.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2006.138", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.138/2006.138_web.jpg", "width": "768", "height": "900", "filesize": "241222", "filename": "2006.138_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2006.138/2006.138_print.jpg", "width": "2902", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1981210", "filename": 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"46338648"}, "date_created": "2006-09-18T18:43:40", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "5722f792fa484993bc06ca6f0c0244fb", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/5722f792fa484993bc06ca6f0c0244fb", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 164629, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-09-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Leopard Caryatid Stool (Kuo)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:24.756000"}, {"id": 150934, "accession_number": "1982.341", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Bracelet and Anklet, before 1927. Africa, West Africa, Liberia, Dan-style blacksmith. Copper alloy; part 1: 16 x 14.2 cm (6 5/16 x 5 9/16 in.); part 2: 14.1 x 11.7 cm (5 9/16 x 4 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Willett Rankin Wilson, in memory of Audley R. and Edna Moore Wilson, 1982.341", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Bracelet and Anklet", "creation_date": "before 1927", "creation_date_earliest": 1920, "creation_date_latest": 1927, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Liberia, Dan-style blacksmith"], "technique": "Copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Part 1: 16 x 14.2 cm (6 5/16 x 5 9/16 in.); Part 2: 14.1 x 11.7 cm (5 9/16 x 4 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"width": 0.16, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.142, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "part 2": {"width": 0.141, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.117, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1983</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 446033, "title": "Arts of Africa", "description": "<i>Arts of Africa</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (December 10, 2021-July 2, 2023).", "opening_date": "2021-12-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collected by Willett Rankin Wilson in Liberia, 197/28", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Memorandum from Virginia Crawford to Dr. Lee, 12-8-82, curatorial file</div>", "<div><!--block-->Letter from Willett R. Wilson to Virginia Crawford, 12-20-82, curatorial file</div>"], "date": "1927/28", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Willett Rankin Wilson, Lyndhurst, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927/28\u20131982", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984, p. 76<br><br></div><div><!--block--><br>,</div>"], "date": "1982\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "From 1822 to 1847, the American Colonization Society colonized what became Liberia. Americo-Liberians (Congau) ruled until 1980. However, blacksmiths generally sourced brass for jewelry making from kettles or bullets brought by nearby French colonials from the 1890s onward.", "description": "Copper alloy bracelets and anklets historically signified a woman\u2019s married status. They were bonded to her in life and removed following death. A blacksmith cast these heavy adornments. Given their weight, their owner couldn\u2019t do domestic or farm work, showing others her privilege as a member of the elite leisure class. Slowed by this jewelry, her movements sent bells jingling in the hollow balls. Following a 1930s economic collapse, women stopped wearing the bracelets to take part in manual labor. At the same time, a national decree outlawed them; many were melted down.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79933956"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.341", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Willett Rankin Wilson, in memory of Audley R. and Edna Moore Wilson", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150934, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1920, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "before 1927", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:07.963000"}, {"id": 144968, "accession_number": "1970.162", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Home in the Wilderness, 1866. Sanford Robinson Gifford (American, 1823\u20131880). Oil on canvas; framed: 114.9 x 173.7 x 16.5 cm (45 1/4 x 68 3/8 x 6 1/2 in.); unframed: 76.8 x 135.7 cm (30 1/4 x 53 7/16 in.); former: 96 x 154.5 x 9 cm (37 13/16 x 60 13/16 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund; The Butkin Foundation; Dorothy Burnham Memorial Collection and various donors by exchange, 1970.162", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "A Home in the Wilderness", "creation_date": "1866", "creation_date_earliest": 1866, "creation_date_latest": 1866, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 114.9 x 173.7 x 16.5 cm (45 1/4 x 68 3/8 x 6 1/2 in.); Unframed: 76.8 x 135.7 cm (30 1/4 x 53 7/16 in.); Former: 96 x 154.5 x 9 cm (37 13/16 x 60 13/16 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.149, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.737, "width_inch": 68, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.165, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.768, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.357, "width_inch": 53, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "former": {"height": 0.96, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.545, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: SR Gifford. 1866.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 207218, "title": "Hudson River School Visions: The Landscapes of Sanford R. Gifford", "description": "<i>Hudson River School Visions: The Landscapes of Sanford R. Gifford</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 7, 2003-February 8, 2004); Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, TX (March 6-May 16, 2004); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (June 27-September 26, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-07T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Exposition Universelle (1867) as Un Interieur dans le desert, no. 19; as belonging to M. Knoedler", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New York, NY, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gifford Memorial (1880-81), accompanying publication of Memorial Catalogue.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Year in Review, 1970 (7 February - 10 March 1971), no cat (see 1971 Bulletin).", "opening_date": "1971-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Santa Barbara, CA, Santa Barbara Museum of Art, America in Art: Fifty Great Paintings Celebrating Fifty Years (6 June - 11 August 1991), p. 40, ill. p. 41", "opening_date": "1991-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Metropolitan Musuem of Art (10/7/2003 - 2/8/2004); Amon Carter Museum (3/6/2004 - 5/16/2004); and National Gallery of Art (6/27/2004 - 9/26/2004): \"Hudson River School: The Landscapes of Sanford R. Gifford\" exh. cat. no. 70, p.172-174.", "opening_date": "2003-10-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sloan & Roman, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Late 1960s-1970", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(The Terry DeLapp Gallery, Los Angeles, CA, sold to Sloan & Roman)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 A hand-typed fact sheet (in CMA curatorial file) presumably produced at the time of the painting\u2019s acquisition in 1970 lists a \u201cJohn Johnson\u201d in the provenance following the Terry DeLapp Gallery.&nbsp; While it is possible that Johnson, who appears to have owned or bought/sold at least one other Gifford painting, acted as an intermediary or agent in the sale of the painting, DeLapp emphatically states that he sold the painting directly to Sloan &amp; Roman.</div>"], "date": "c.1960-late1960s", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(T. Gilbert Brouillette [1906-1970], Staten Island, NY, sold to the Terry DeLapp Gallery) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Although Brouillette was a collector as well as a dealer, Terry DeLapp, to whom Brouillette sold the painting, indicates Brouillette acted as a dealer in the sale of this painting.&nbsp; Brouillette\u2019s papers at the Archives of American Art contain no reference to the painting.</div>"], "date": "Until c. 1960", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "James M. Hartshorne [d. 1887?], New York, NY?", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1880", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, NY) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 The painting was exhibited at the Paris Universal Exposition of 1867, and the catalogue lists it as belonging to M. Knoedler, Esq.</div>"], "date": "By 1867", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gifford considered this painting to be one of his finest creations.", "description": "Gifford\u2019s view of Mount Hayes in New Hampshire records human intrusion into a remote landscape. On the left riverbank a log cabin stands amid a recently cleared patch of land with several tree stumps, while figures in its doorway greet a man who has arrived with a canoe of supplies.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20737705"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.162-a-home-in-the-wilder"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Terry DeLapp, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 7, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "B. Gertrude Denton, letter to William S. Talbot, April 20, 1971, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Terry DeLapp, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 7, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Weiss, Ila Joyce Solomon. <em>Sanford Robinson Gifford: (1823-1880)</em>. New York, N.Y., Columbia Univ., Diss., 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "B. Gertrude Denton, letter to William S. Talbot, April 20, 1971, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Terry DeLapp, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 7, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and John F. Weir. <em>A Memorial Catalogue of the Paintings of Sanford Robinson Gifford, N.A</em>. [New York]: [Press of F. Hart &amp; Co.], 1881.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Weiss, Ila Joyce Solomon. <em>Sanford Robinson Gifford: (1823-1880)</em>. New York, N.Y., Columbia Univ., Diss., 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Blake, William P. <em>Reports of the United States Commissioners to the Paris Universal Exposition, 1867: Published Under Direction of the Secretary of State by Authority of the Senate of the United States</em>. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1869.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Weiss, Ila Joyce Solomon. <em>Sanford Robinson Gifford: (1823-1880)</em>. New York, N.Y., Columbia Univ., Diss., 1968", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, no. 66", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cLandscape and Light.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 9\u201320.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 9-13, figs. 3-4; Reproduced: p. 18-19", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152464"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 229", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n249"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66 - 67", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Picture Perfect\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 48 no. 8, October 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced (detail), p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-08/page/6"}, {"citation": "Greenwald, Diana Seave. \"The Big Picture: Thomas Moran\u2019s The Grand Ca\u00f1on of the Yellowstone and the Development of the American West.\" <em>Winterthur Portfolio</em> 49, no. 4 (2015): 175-210.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 196-197", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/26478147"}, {"citation": "Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum. Winterthur Portfolio. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; pp. 196-197, fig. 15", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.162", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "506", "filesize": "195547", "filename": "1970.162_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1910", "filesize": "2082175", "filename": "1970.162_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_full.tif", "width": "13720", "height": "7707", "filesize": "317245928", "filename": "1970.162_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "597", "filesize": "272796"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2255", "filesize": "2905639"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12201", "height": "8093", "filesize": "296256464"}, "date_created": "2019-08-01T20:33:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "609", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2300", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt1_full.tif", "width": "11165", "height": "7553", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2019-08-01T19:45:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "839", "filesize": "768500"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2259", "filesize": "5349105"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4465", "height": "2966", "filesize": "39771420"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T15:34:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "710", "filesize": "493703"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1910", "filesize": "3388197"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.162/1970.162_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "2809", "filesize": "42156060"}, "date_created": "2004-10-12T14:53:44", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund; The Butkin Foundation; Dorothy Burnham Memorial Collection and various donors by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 144968, "creators": [{"id": 2816, "description": "Sanford Robinson Gifford (American, 1823\u20131880)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1823", "death_year": "1880", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1866, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1866", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:27:13.051000"}, {"id": 134951, "accession_number": "1957.498", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Farmhouse on the Slope of a Hill, c. 1508. Fra Bartolommeo (Italian, 1472\u20131517). Pen and brown ink; sheet: 22.3 x 29.4 cm (8 3/4 x 11 9/16 in.); secondary support: 27.5 x 41.2 cm (10 13/16 x 16 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, Purchase, Dudley P. Allen Fund, Delia E. Holden Fund and L. E. Holden Fund, 1957.498", "current_location": null, "title": "Farmhouse on the Slope of a Hill", "creation_date": "c. 1508", "creation_date_earliest": 1503, "creation_date_latest": 1513, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 15th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper, perimeter mounted to cream(2) laid paper (F.M.N.Gabburri's mount)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 22.3 x 29.4 cm (8 3/4 x 11 9/16 in.); Secondary Support: 27.5 x 41.2 cm (10 13/16 x 16 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.223, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.294, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.275, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.412, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "a bird in ink lower left recto", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361441, "title": "Italian Drawings Selected From Mid-Western Collections", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings Selected From Mid-Western Collections</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (February 25-April 16, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-02-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304283, "title": "Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 15-December 4, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304379, "title": "The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles", "description": "<i>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 6-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361440, "title": "Drawings by Fra Bartolommeo", "description": "<i>Drawings by Fra Bartolommeo</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA; Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX; The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY; Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (December 15, 1990-February 17, 1991).", "opening_date": "1990-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220323, "title": "Fra Bartolommeo: The Divine Renaissance", "description": "<i>Fra Bartolommeo: The Divine Renaissance</i>. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (October 15, 2016-January 15, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 437915, "title": "Love Gardens / Forbidden Fruit", "description": "<i>Love Gardens / Forbidden Fruit</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 2-October 29, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-07-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "cma 1958-59; New York 1959a, 16-18, pl. ix, no. 13; cma 1960b; cma 1962a; cma 1964; cma 1965b; cma 1966-67a; cma 1968b; Cleveland 1971, no. 57; Saint Louis 1972, no. 2; cma 1978b; Cleveland 1979a, 13, 16, 21, 25, 27-28, no. 3; Cleveland 1980, 39-42, no. 42; cma 1983f; cma 1986-87b; Rotterdam et al. 1990-92, 107, 375-77, 379, 393-94, no. 111.", "opening_date": "1958-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably by descent to studio assistant Paolo del Signoraccio (died 1547), called Fra. Paolino da Pistoia, monastery of San Marco, Florence", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1517-1547?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Possibly bequeathed to his pupil, Sister Plautilla Nelli [1523-1588], convent of Santa Caterina, Florence", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1547-1588?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Possibly to the Convent of Santa Caterina da Siena, Florence, to 1725", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1588?-1725?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Cavaliere Francesco Maria Nicol\u00f2 Gabburri (d. 1742), Florence (his mount), Lugt 2818 and Lugt suppl. 2992b", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1725-1742?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "By descent to his heirs", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1742", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "William Kent (1685-1748), London and Rome.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1742?-1748?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "his sale, London.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "ca. 1748", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Private collection, southern Ireland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1925", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Private collection, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1957", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "with Sotheby\u2019s, London, 20 November 1957, \u201cDrawings of Landscapes and Trees by Fra. Bartolommeo,\" no. 3.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1957", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "with F. Kleinberger, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1957", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist who made this drawing, Fra (brother) Bartolommeo, left his successful Florentine artistic studio in 1500 and renounced painting in order to join the Dominican Order.", "description": "This is a significant early example of pure landscape drawing in Europe, as it is dedicated completely to the depiction of nature for its own sake, without suggestion of a biblical or historical narrative. The rapidity and regularity of strokes used for the evergreen and deciduous trees and the sweeping lines in the foreground suggest that the landscape in <em>Farmhouse on the Slope of a Hill </em>was made directly from nature. The sheet comes from an album of 41 landscape studies by Fra Bartolommeo assembled by an eighteenth-century collector and disbound for sale in the mid-20th century. A member of the Dominican Order, Fra Bartolomeo likely produced these drawings during his travels in and around Florence, often to Dominican establishments.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760025"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.498-farmhouse-on-the-slo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Joachim, Harold, and Suzanne Folds McCullagh.<em> Italian Drawings in the Art Institute of Chicago</em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jeudwine, W. R. \"Fine Works on the Market: A Volume of Landscape Drawings by Fra Bartolommeo.\" <em>Apollo </em>66 (November 1957): 132-135.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 132-135; reproduced: p. 132, n. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby &amp; Co. \"Catalogue of Drawings of Landscapes and Trees by Fra Bartolommeo.\" (November 1957).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. vii, under n. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frankfurther, Alfred M. \"Cleveland: Model Museum for a Modern Cosmopolis.\" <em>Art News </em>57 (March 1958): 24-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, n. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fleming, John. \"Mr. Kent, Art Dealer, and the Fra Bartolommeo Drawings.\" <em>Connoisseur </em>141 (May 1958): 227.", "page_number": "P. 227", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"International Salesroom.\" <em>Connoisseur </em>141 (February 1958): 44.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44, n. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Columbia University, and M. Knoedler &amp; Co. <em>Great Master Drawings of Seven Centuries</em>. New York: The Trustees of Columbia University, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 17-18, under n. 13; reproduced: plate IX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kennedy, Ruth Wedgwood. \"A Landscape Drawing by Fra Bartolommeo.\" <em>Bulletin of the Smith College Museum of Art</em> (1959): 1-12.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11, note 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>I disegni dei pittori fiorentini</em>, vol. 2. Milan: Electa editrice, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \"Three Early Italian Drawings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 7 (September 1962): 167-174.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172; reproduced: p. 173, n. 5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151904"}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael. \"Italian Drawings from Dutch Collections.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 104, no. 711 (June 1962): 230-238.", "page_number": "Pp. 232-233", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/873690"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. \u201cTwo Italian Drawings.\u201d August 20, 1962. The Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0993"}, {"citation": "Harkonen, Helen Bernice. <em>Farms and Farmers in Art</em>. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n110"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n110"}, {"citation": "Baer, Curtis O. <em>Landscape Drawings</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 15 and 50, under n. 8; reproduced: p. 51, n. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P.<em> Florence and the Arts Five Centuries of Patronage. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Von Holst, Christian. \"Florentiner Gem\u00e4lde und Zeichnungen aus der Zeit von 1480 bis 1580. Kleine Beobachtungen und Erg\u00e4nzungen.\" <em>Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz </em>15 (May 1971): 1-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18, note 34", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/27652261"}, {"citation": "Neilson, Nancy Ward. <em>Italian Drawings Selected from Mid-Western Collections.</em> St. Louis: The Saint Louis Art Museum, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Avery, Catherine B, ed. <em>The New Century Italian Renaissance Encyclopedia</em>. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 98; reproduced: p.97", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n119"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 39-40; reproduced: p. 41, n. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., and Jane Glaubinger. T<em>he Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 13, 16, 21, 25, 27-28; reproduced: p. 27, n. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Denison, Cara D., and Helen B. Mules, eds. <em>European Drawings, 1375-1825</em>. New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. \"Italian Drawings in Cleveland.\" <em>The Connoisseur</em> 206 (April 1981): 284-288.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 285 and 287; reproduced: p. 285, n. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shaw, James Byam. <em>The Italian Drawings of the Frits Lugt Collection</em>, vol. 1. Paris: Institut N\u00e9erlandais, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gordley, Barbara Pike. \"The Drawings of Beccafumi.\" Ph.D. diss., Princeton University 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 38-39 and note 77 and pp. 365-366, under n. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fischer, Chris.<em> Fra Bartolommeo: Master Draughtsman of the High Renaissance: a Selection from the Rotterdam Albums and Landscape Drawings from Various Collections.</em> Rotterdam: Museum Boymans-van Beuningen Rotterdam, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 375-377 and 393-394, under n. 111; reproduced: p. 392", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monbeig-Goguel, Catherine. \"Book Reviews.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 133 (July 1991): 453-454.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 453-454", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. \"Central and Landscapes in Italian Renaissance Paintings.\" <em>Source: Notes in the History of Art</em> 17, no. 3 (Spring 1998): 29-35.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29; reproduced: p. 31, n. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/23205135"}, {"citation": "Torriti, Piero, ed. <em>Beccafumi</em>. Milan: Electa, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 240, under n. D1", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications: New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 8, 26-27, and 283; reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., ed. <em>A Corpus of Drawings in Midwestern Collections: Sixteenth-Century Italian Drawings</em>, vol. 1. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepos Publishers, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 38-39, under n. 33; reproduced: p. 38, n. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alsteens, Stijn, Carmen C. Bambach, George Goldner, Colta Ives, Perrin Stein, and Nathalie Stresser, eds. <em>Raphael to Renoir: Drawings from the Collection of Jean Bonna</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; reproduced: p. 8, n. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 152-154", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ackerman, James S. <em>Origins, Invention, Revision: Studying the History of Art and Architecture.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12, pl. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elen, Albert J., and Chris Fischer.<em> Fra Bartolommeo: The Divine Renaissance. </em>Rotterdam: Museum Boijmans van Beuningen, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 119; reproduced: p. 121, 216, no. 6.10", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.498", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.498/1957.498_web.jpg", "width": "1142", "height": "893", "filesize": "869521", "filename": "1957.498_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.498/1957.498_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2659", "filesize": "8276025", "filename": "1957.498_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.498/1957.498_full.tif", "width": "5087", "height": "3979", "filesize": "60751884", "filename": "1957.498_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.498/1957.498_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "858", "filesize": "211074"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.498/1957.498_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2309", "filesize": "1891284"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.498/1957.498_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7586", "height": "5153", "filesize": "117294024"}, "date_created": "2012-11-20T16:53:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.498/1957.498_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "958238"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.498/1957.498_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1535", "filesize": "2847922"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.498/1957.498_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1535", "filesize": "9434292"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund, Purchase, Dudley P. Allen Fund, Delia E. Holden Fund and L. E. Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134951, "creators": [{"id": 11603, "description": "Fra Bartolommeo (Italian, 1472\u20131517)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1472", "death_year": "1517", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1503, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1508", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Farm on the Slope of a Hill"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:53:53.023000"}, {"id": 135238, "accession_number": "1958.25", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Paul Lafond and Alphonse Cherfils Examining a Painting, c. 1878\u201380. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Oil on wood panel; framed: 42.5 x 50 x 6 cm (16 3/4 x 19 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 27 x 34 cm (10 5/8 x 13 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.25", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Paul Lafond and Alphonse Cherfils Examining a Painting", "creation_date": "c. 1878\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1873, "creation_date_latest": 1885, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 42.5 x 50 x 6 cm (16 3/4 x 19 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 27 x 34 cm (10 5/8 x 13 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.425, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.5, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.27, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.34, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in upper left: Degas / a [sic] ses chers amis\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338947, "title": "The Private Degas", "description": "<i>The Private Degas</i>. Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 20-February 28, 1987); Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge CB2 1RB (March 17-May 3, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-01-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 216847, "title": "Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections", "description": "<i>Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 28-July 30, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224301, "title": "Edgar Degas and the Italians in Paris", "description": "<i>Edgar Degas and the Italians in Paris</i>. Palazzo dei Diamanti, Ferrara (Galleria d'Arte Moderna et Contemporanea) (September 14-November 16, 2003); Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, Scotland (December 12, 2003-February 29, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-09-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282768, "title": "Degas and Rodin - Giants of Modernism", "description": "<i>Degas and Rodin - Giants of Modernism</i>. Von der Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal, Germany (organizer) (October 25, 2016-February 26, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-25T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition Degas</em>. Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, France (1924).", "opening_date": "1924-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Degas-Portraitiste Sculpteur</em>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Alphonse Cherfils, Pau, France, by descent to his son, Christian Cherfils", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Christian Cherfils, Pau, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Marcel Gu\u00e9rin [1873-1948], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, January 10, 1950, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hannah [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950-1958", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The gentlemen in this painting had close relationships with many Parisian artists and would go directly to their studios to purchase works that they wanted to exhibit or sell.", "description": "The upper left corner of this painting bears a dedication by Degas \"to his dear friends.\" The double portrait depicts Paul Lafond (left), future curator of the art museum at Pau, in southwestern France, and Alphonse Cherfils (right), an art collector and defender of the Impressionists. Through the influence of these friends, Degas's works were selected for the annual exhibitions of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Amis des Arts (Society of Friends of the Arts), and his painting, A Cotton Office (1873), was the first by the artist to be purchased by a museum. Since the painting held by the two men is probably by Degas, this intimate image commemorates both personal and business relationships.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517762"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.25-paul-lafond-and-alph"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lafond, Paul. <em>Degas</em>. Paris, FR: H. Floury, 1918.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp. title cover, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoisne, Paul-Andre\u0301. <em>Degas et son \u0153uvre.</em> Paris. FR: P. Brame et C.M. de Hauke, aux Arts et me\u0301tiers graphiques, 1947.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 647; vol 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Report for the Year 1958: Painting Department.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XXXXVI</em>, no. 6 (June, 1959): 111-122.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland. <em>Portraits by Degas</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94, no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parry, Eugenia. <em>Degas Monotypes;</em> Essay, Catalogue &amp; Checklist. Cambridge, MA: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University; distributed by New York Graphic Society, Greenwich, Conn, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: under no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Russoli, Franco and Fiorella Minervino. <em>L'opera completa di Degas</em>. Milano: IT Rizzoli, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 580", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reff, Theodore. Degas: <em>The Artist's Mind</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85-86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nathanson, Carol and Edward Olszewski. \"Degas's Angel of The Apocalypse.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXVII, no. 10 (October, 1980): 243-255.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 252, fig. 21; Mentioned: p. 251", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R., and Suzanne Folds McCullagh. <em>Degas in the Art Institute of Chicago</em>. Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. <em>Edgar Degas, Life and Work</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kendall, Richard. <em>Degas by Himself: Drawings, Prints, Paintings, Writings. </em>London, UK: Macdonald Orbis, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard, and Edgar Degas. <em>The Private Degas</em>. New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 1987.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 59, p. 54, 140, Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys, and Jean Adm\u00e9mar. \u201cLettres In\u00e9dites De Degas \u00c1 Paul Lafond Et Autres Documents.\u201d <em>Gazette Des Beaux Arts</em> 109, no. 129 (April 1987): 159\u201380.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Marilyn R. \u201cDegas and a Cotton Office in New Orleans.\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 130 (March 1988): 216\u201321.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219, fig. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan.<em> European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Marilyn. <em>Degas and the Business of Art: A Cotton Office in New Orleans</em>. University Park, PA: Published for College Art Association by the Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109, fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ives, Colta Feller, Susan Alyson Stein, and Julie A. Steiner. <em>The Private Collection of Edgar Degas: A Summary Catalogue</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 169; Reproduced: p. 170", "url": null}, {"citation": "Feigenbaum, Gail, and Jean Sutherland Boggs. <em>Degas and New Orleans: A</em> <em>French Impressionist in America. </em>New Orleans, LA: New Orleans Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59, fig. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Centur</em>y. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 1, p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumas, Ann. <em>Degas e gli italiani a Parigi: Ferrara, Palazzo dei Diamanti,</em> 14 settembre-16 novembre 2003. Ferrara, IT: Ferrara arte, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 222-223; Reproduced: no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pingeot, Anne. \"Rodin 1840-1917 und Degas (Bildhauer) 1834-1917: Umgang mit der Kunstkritik.\" In <em>Degas - Rodin: Wettlauf der Giganten der Moderne. </em>Gerhard Finckh, ed., 263-283. Wuppertal : Von der Heydt-Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.25", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.25/1958.25_web.jpg", "width": "1148", "height": "893", "filesize": "677044", "filename": "1958.25_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.25/1958.25_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2644", "filesize": "6110864", "filename": "1958.25_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.25/1958.25_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "4666", "filesize": "84019128", "filename": "1958.25_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 135238, "creators": [{"id": 1759, "description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1834", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1873, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1878\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:54:49.270000"}, {"id": 87250, "accession_number": "2026.1", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Plaid Dress, 1926. Pierre Bonnard (French, 1867\u20131947). Oil on canvas; unframed: 77.2 x 46.4 cm (30 3/8 x 18 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley, 2026.1. \u00a9  Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "The Plaid Dress", "creation_date": "1926", "creation_date_earliest": 1926, "creation_date_latest": 1926, "artists_tags": ["male", "Nabis"], "culture": ["France"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 77.2 x 46.4 cm (30 3/8 x 18 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.772, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.464, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "framed": {"height": 0.959, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.648, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.063, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Bonnard Oeuvres recents</em>. Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, France (1926).", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Summer Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1933).", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Modern Works of Art - Fifth Anniversary Exhibition.</em> Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (November 20,1934-January 20,1935).", "opening_date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>20th Century Portraits.</em> Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1942-1943).", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Pierre Bonnard and Edouard Vuillard</em>. Institute of Modern Art, Boston, MA (1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Pierre Bonnard, Memorial Exhibition.</em> Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland,OH (1948); Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (May 10-September 6,1948).", "opening_date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Artist's Family</em>. Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (1952).", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French and American Art.</em> Wildenstein &amp; Co., New York, NY (1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Galerie L'Art Moderne, Lucerne, Switzerland, sold to Galerie Berheim-Jeune, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to the 1999 Sotheby's, New York, sale catalogue. Galerie l'Art Moderne was a branch of the Galerie Bernheim-Jeune.</div>"], "date": "1928", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Berheim-Jeune, Paris, France, sold to Edith Halpert)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Jean Dauberville and Henry Dauberville. <em>Bonnard: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 De L'\u0153uvre Peint</em>&nbsp;<br>(Paris, 1966), vol. III, p. 290, cat. no. 1357.</div>"], "date": "1928\u20131930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Edith Halpert [1900-1970], Downtown Gallery, New York, NY, September 21, 1930, sold to Abigail Greene Aldrich (Mrs. John D.) Rockefeller, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Edith Halpert established the Downtown Gallery in 1926 (initially called Our Gallery until 1927), dedicated exclusively to contemporary American art by living artists. This painting was included in a list of artworks sold by the Downtown Gallery to Mrs. John D. Rockefeller. See: Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C.; Downtown Gallery records, 1824-1974, bulk 1926-1969; Series 4: Business Records; Reel 5635, Frames 6-101: Clients, Individuals, vol. 13: R, 1927-1975; <a href=\"https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/downtown-gallery-records-6293/subseries-4-6/reel-563594-frames-6-101\">Frame 37</a>.</div>"], "date": "1930", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mrs. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. [1874\u20131948], New York, NY, given to her son, Laurence S. Rockefeller", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u20131937", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Laurence S. Rockefeller [1910\u20132004], New York, NY, given to New York Fine Art Support Trust", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to the 1999 Sotheby's, New York, sale catalogue.</div>"], "date": "1937\u20131999", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, New York, NY Fine Arts Support Trust sale, November 11, 1999, lot 131, (bought in))", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Sotheby's New York, NY, sold to Richard Feigen & Co., NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after November 11, 1999\u2013before June 2000", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Richard Feigen & Co. New York, NY, June 2000, sold to Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to documentation supplied by Richard Feigen and Co., New York, in the curatorial file.</div>"], "date": "2000", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley, Cleveland, OH, promised gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["8.2020"], "did_you_know": "Plaid dresses were extremely fashionable in the late 1800s and early 1900s in Paris.", "description": "This painting depicts the artist\u2019s wife Marthe holding a yellow cup and saucer as she walks toward a door leading to a sunlit terrace. The profusion of patterns and close color harmonies of Marthe\u2019s plaid dress and the wallpaper behind her make it initially difficult to discern the woman from her surroundings. Bonnard treated everything\u2014whether human or inanimate\u2014with equal importance in his work of this period. The artist said that he wished \u201cto show what one sees on first entering a room, what the eye takes in at one glance; one sees everything, and at the same time nothing.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Exposition Bonnard: \u0153uvres re\u0301centes du mercredi 24 Novembre au vendredi 17 Decembre 1926. </em>Paris: MM. Bernheim-Jeune, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cassou, Jean. \"Le Lyrisme de Bonnard.\" <em>Formes</em>, no. 9 (1930): 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barr, Alfred H. <em>Modern Works of Art</em>. New York, NY: The Museum of Modern Art, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 26, no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wheeler, Monroe. <em>20th Century Portraits.</em> New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 44; Mentioned: P. 134", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em> \"La vie franc\u0327aise\" an exhibition of paintings chiefly by Pierre Bonnard and E\u0301douard Vuillard, Oct. 6-Nov. 11, 1944.</em> Institute of Modern Art (Boston, Mass.). 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 1, no. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Bonnard</em>.New York, NY: Published by A. Carman for the Museum of Modern Art, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 111, no. 57; mentioned: P. 140, no. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein and Company (New York, N.Y.). <em>A Special Exhibition of Paintings by American and French Modern Masters: For the Benefit of the La Napoule Art Foundation ... May 4th Through May 28th, 1955.</em> New York: Wildenstein, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: French Artists no. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dauberville, Jean, and Henry Dauberville. <em>Bonnard, catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'\u0153uvre peint</em>. Paris, France: J. et H. Bernheim, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: Vol. III, p. 290, no. 1357", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chapin, Mary Weaver. \"Pierre Bonnard.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 102-127. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 124-125; Mentioned: p. 254-257", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2026.1", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 87250, "creators": [{"id": 1733, "description": "Pierre Bonnard (French, 1867\u20131947)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pierre Bonnard was a law student when he began his artistic training in 1887 at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian in Paris, where he met Paul S\u00e9rusier (1864-1927) and the theorist and painter Maurice Denis (1870-1943). Both would be influential in his artistic career and become Bonnard's lifelong friends. In 1889, the year he obtained his law degree, he saw the exhibition at Caf\u00e9 Volpini (see Gauguin, Woman in the Waves, no. 100) and was particularly impressed with Gauguin's work. S\u00e9rusier, after having returned from studying with Gauguin in Pont-Aven, decided to form his own artistic group called the Nabis (Hebrew: prophets). The founding members of the Nabis included Denis, who wrote the manifesto for the group, \"D\u00e9finition du n\u00e9o-traditionnisme\" (published in May 1890 in Art et critique), Bonnard, Paul Ranson (1864-1909), and Henri-Gabriel Ibels (1867-1936). Their first exhibition occurred in 1891, and they were later joined by Ker-Xavier Roussel (1867-1944) and Vuillard (q.v.). Based loosely on the synthetist goals established by Gauguin and \u00c9mile Bernard, the movement was created from S\u00e9rusier's vision of an artistic brotherhood dedicated to symbolism whereby a universal language could be expressed through symbols. The Nabis were opposed to the naturalism taught at academies by artists such as Bouguereau (q.v.) and wanted to move away from didactic and moral paintings toward a more decorative style characterized by simplified drawing, flat patches of color, and heavy set contours. Bonnard's works of the 1890s were influenced by the innovations of Gauguin as well as Japanese prints, which were easily accessible in nineteenth-century Paris. His paintings took on a decorative quality, mirroring his artistic expressions in other media such as stained glass, furniture, pottery, and painted screens. Bonnard's and Vuillard's domestic interior paintings of the 1890s were often described using the term intimisme. In 1891 Bonnard also experimented with other media, including poster designs and lithographs, which inspired his friend Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), whom he had met through La revue blanche, a magazine that published the Nabis' work. Around 1900 the members of the Nabis began to drift apart. Between 1905 and 1910 Bonnard and Vuillard traveled to England, Belgium, Holland, Spain, and Italy, visiting many museums. Bonnard's art began to gravitate toward impressionism, but his colors were more expressive and his compositions more overtly structured; elements of the painted interiors such as doors, windows or pieces of furniture often provided a strong compositional framework. He also worked extensively with photographs. His late works were acclaimed by fellow Parisians like Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and Paul Signac (1863-1935). After 1920 Bonnard exhibited extensively and became an internationally renowned artist, receiving much recognition in the United States, where he traveled in 1926.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1867", "death_year": "1947", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2026-01-21T05:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1926, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1926", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.418000"}, {"id": 137129, "accession_number": "1961.94", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Shiva and Parvati, c. 950\u201360. South India, Tamil Nadu, Chola period (900\u20131200s)). Bronze; base: 21.6 x 79.5 x 24.9 cm (8 1/2 x 31 5/16 x 9 13/16 in.); part 1: 81.9 x 48.7 cm (32 1/4 x 19 3/16 in.); part 2: 65.1 x 16.5 cm (25 5/8 x 6 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1961.94", "current_location": "244 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Shiva and Parvati", "creation_date": "c. 950\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 950, "creation_date_latest": 960, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South India, Tamil Nadu, Chola period (900\u20131200s))"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Base: 21.6 x 79.5 x 24.9 cm (8 1/2 x 31 5/16 x 9 13/16 in.); Part 1: 81.9 x 48.7 cm (32 1/4 x 19 3/16 in.); Part 2: 65.1 x 16.5 cm (25 5/8 x 6 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"base": {"height": 0.216, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.795, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.249, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "part 1": {"height": 0.819, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.487, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "part 2": {"height": 0.651, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.165, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300801, "title": "Master Bronzes of India", "description": "<i>Master Bronzes of India</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (September 3-October 10, 1965); William Rockhill Nelson Gallery, Kansas City, MO (October 21-December 19, 1965); The Cleveland Museum of Art (January 19-February 27, 1966); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (October 12-December 11, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-09-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515721, "title": "Man and His World", "description": "<i>Man and His World</i>. Expo 67, Montreal, Canada (organizer) (April 27-October 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311878, "title": "Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music", "description": "<i>Dance of the Gods: Indian Art Inspired by Music</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-December 8, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213005, "title": "The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India", "description": "<i>The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India</i>. National Museum of Asian Art, Washington, DC (November 10, 2002-March 9, 2003); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (April 4-June 15, 2003); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 6-September 14, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222425, "title": "Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India", "description": "<i>Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 11, 2006-February 25, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Shiva and His Many Incarnations</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (6/24/2007).", "opening_date": "2007-06-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William H. Wolff  [1906\u20131991], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The posts on the sides of the pedestal once supported a halo that surrounded both figures.", "description": "Bronze sculptures made during the Chola period (800s\u20131200s) are among the most celebrated and popular art forms of the Indian tradition, and the 10th century marks their flourishing peak. The sensual renditions of attenuated, youthful, and athletic forms are barely covered by garments and ornaments that move, yet cling to the bodies. The figures stand with a natural ease, and the volumes have been so skillfully rendered by the artists that they appear to be capable of walking the earth. Their serene and smiling expressions are completely idealized, leaving no mistake that these are gods, not humans.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750673"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.94-shiva-and-parvati"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review 1961.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 48, no. 9, 1961, pp. 219\u2013251.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 49, p. 220, 249; Reproduced: no. 49, p. 221", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142473"}, {"citation": "\"Annual Report for 1961.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 49, no. 6, 1962, pp. 115\u2013145.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 130", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Master Bronzes of India: The Art Institute of Chicago ... [et al]</em>. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n259"}, {"citation": "National Gallery of Canada, and Expo (International Exhibitions Bureau). <em>Terre Des Hommes: Exposition Internationale Des Beaux-Arts, 28 Avril-27 Octobre 1967 </em>[ = Man and His World, International Fine Arts Exhibition, Expo 67, Montreal, Canada, 28 April-27 October 1967]. Montre\u0301al: Expo 67, 1967.", "page_number": "pp. 352\u2013353, no. 167", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n259"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 299", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n319"}, {"citation": "Kramrisch, Stella. <em>Manifestations of Shiva</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 100, pp. 122\u2013123", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya, Richard H. Davis, Ira\u0304 Na\u0304kaca\u0304mi, and Karen Pechilis. <em>The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India</em>. New York: American Federation of Arts, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 5, pp. 106 (back) and 107 (front)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fernando, Christopher, Vivian Kung Haga, and Chantal Legros. <em>Beyond Beauty: What Is Real Beauty?.</em> San Diego, CA: Museum of Photographic Arts, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Branfoot, Crispin. \"Processions and Presence: Bronze Sculptures from the Temples of Southern India.\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> vol. 36 no. 6 (2006).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71, fig. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya. <em>Chola: Sacred Bronzes of Southern India</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 3, pp. 52-55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Locke, Adrian K. \"Divine Beauty: Sacred Medieval Bronzes from Southern India.\" <em>Minerva </em>vol. 18 no. 1 (January-February 2007): p. 22.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Donaldson, Thomas E. <em>Si\u0301va-Pa\u0304rvati\u0304 and Allied Images: Their Iconography and Body Language</em>. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: fig. 216, pp. 261 and 278; Reproduced: fig. 216, p. 261", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya. <em>The Body Adorned: Dissolving Boundaries between Sacred and Profane in India's Art</em>. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117, fig. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya. <em>The Thief Who Stole My Heart: The Material Life of Sacred Bronzes from Chola India, 855-1280.</em> Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 14-16, 109-110", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.94", "images": {"annotation": "front", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.94/1961.94_web.jpg", "width": "809", "height": "893", "filesize": "341506", "filename": "1961.94_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.94/1961.94_print.jpg", "width": "3079", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4742088", "filename": "1961.94_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.94/1961.94_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "5521", "filesize": "82847284", "filename": "1961.94_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.94/1961.94_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "922", "height": "893", "filesize": "376294"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.94/1961.94_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3293", "filesize": "4912764"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.94/1961.94_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4842", "filesize": "72662332"}, "date_created": "2007-03-09T19:02:40", "annotation": "back"}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. & Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 137129, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 950, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 950\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Shiva and Umasahitamurti", "Shiva as Tripuravijaya (Victor of the Three Cities) and Consort", "\u015aiva and Parvati: Uma-Sahitamurti"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:46.746000"}, {"id": 150083, "accession_number": "1980.288", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seaside (July: Specimen of a Portrait), 1878. James Tissot (French, 1836\u20131902). Oil on fabric; framed: 112.1 x 85.4 x 6.4 cm (44 1/8 x 33 5/8 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 87.5 x 61 cm (34 7/16 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Noah L. Butkin, 1980.288", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "Seaside (July: Specimen of a Portrait)", "creation_date": "1878", "creation_date_earliest": 1878, "creation_date_latest": 1878, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 112.1 x 85.4 x 6.4 cm (44 1/8 x 33 5/8 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 87.5 x 61 cm (34 7/16 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.121, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.854, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.875, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.61, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper left in window sash: J. J. Tissot\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1980</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 212970, "title": "James Tissot. Victorian Life/Modern Love", "description": "<i>James Tissot. Victorian Life/Modern Love</i>. Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, CT (September 22-November 28, 1999); Mus\u00e9e national des beaux-arts du Qu\u00e9bec,  Quebec City, Canada (December 15, 1999-March 12, 2000); Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (March 24-July 2, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216780, "title": "Impressionism, Fashion, and Modernity", "description": "<i>Impressionism, Fashion, and Modernity</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (September 25, 2012-January 12, 2013); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 19-May 27, 2013); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (June 29-September 29, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-09-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Summer Exhibition</em>. Grosvenor Gallery, London, United Kingdom (1878).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Possibly Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom (according to Noah L. Butkin, in letter to The Cleveland Museum of Art; could not be verified).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, May 31,1879, acquired form the artist).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1879", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Arrived in New York via Jos. Bulla, Paris, July 14, 1879, Femme au sofa (stock number 1645).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1879", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Knoedler, New York, NY, October 4, 1879, sold to Henry Hilton, as Summer-days)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1879", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(American Art Galleries, New York, NY, Hilton Collection sale, February 13-16 February 1900 (lot 74), sold to Edward Brandus)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1900", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(W. Postar, Boston, MA, sold to Herbert Schwarz)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1971-1972", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Herbert Schwarz, Montreal", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, Los Angeles, CA, Parke-Bernet, May 22-23, 1972, lot 260, Jeune femme assise with unsustainable provenance)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Williams & Son, London, United Kingdom, May 1972)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Clarence Frisbee, London, October 1972.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, United Kingdom, July 25, 1975, lot 115)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1975", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Mr. Noah L. Butkin [1918-1980] Shaker Heights, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1975-1980", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "From 1869 to 1876, under the pseudonym <em>Co\u00efd\u00e9</em>, James Tissot published political cartoons in the British weekly magazine <em>Vanity Fair</em>, causing circulation to skyrocket.", "description": "This painting depicts a woman reclining upon an upholstered couch on a summer day while light filters through a partially closed awning that provides a glimpse of a beach in the background. James Tissot\u2019s mature works from this time were <br>more likely to convey a mood\u2014here of a languid summer afternoon\u2014than a specific narrative. The model for this painting was Kathleen Newton, born Kathleen Ashburnham Kelly (1854\u20131882), the artist\u2019s lover from 1876 until her untimely death from tuberculosis at the age of 28.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474665"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.288-seaside-july-specime"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Grosvenor Gallery. Second Notice.\" <em>The Magazine of Art </em>1 (1878): 81-82.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laver, James. <em>\"Vulgar Society\"; The Romantic Career of James Tissot, 1836-1902</em>. London, United Kingdom: Constable &amp; co., ltd, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Salerooms.\" <em>The Connoisseur </em>190 (September 1975): 68-69.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tissot, James Jacques Joseph. \u201cSeaside.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 102 (November 1975): 392", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 392", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wentworth, Michael.<em> James Tissot: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of His Prints</em>. Minneapolis, Minn. : Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1980.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXVIII </em>no. 6 (June, 1981): 163-219.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183; Mentioned: p. 182, p. 214, no. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wentworth, Michael. <em>James Tissot</em>. Oxford, [Oxfordshire]: Clarendon Press, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 131, 142-145, 156, 202; reproduced: pl. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krystyna Matyjaszkiewicz,ed. <em>James Tissot.</em> Oxford: Phaidon Press and Barbican Art Gallery, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 60-61, 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wood, Christopher. <em>Tissot: The Life and Work of Jacques Joseph Tissot, 1836-1902</em>. London, United Kingdom : Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 101; Reproduced: p. 105, fig. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ash, Russell.<em>James Tissot</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 238", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marshall, Nancy Rose, and Malcolm Warner. <em>James Tissot: Victorian Life, Modern Love</em>. New Haven, CT: American Federation of Arts, Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 52; Mentioned: p. 124-125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jiminez, Jill Berk, and Joanna Banham. <em>Dictionary of Artists' Models</em>. London, United Kingdom: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 399", "url": null}, {"citation": "Groom, Gloria Lynn. <em>Impressionism, Fashion, &amp; Modernity</em>. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157, no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bougault, Valerie. \"L'Impressionisme en Habits.\" <em>Connaissance des Arts </em>(October 2012): 48-57.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 51", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.288", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.288/1980.288_web.jpg", "width": "623", "height": "893", "filesize": "109807", "filename": "1980.288_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.288/1980.288_print.jpg", "width": "2358", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4714103", "filename": "1980.288_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.288/1980.288_full.tif", "width": "3467", "height": "5000", "filesize": "52036168", "filename": "1980.288_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Noah L. Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 150083, "creators": [{"id": 1824, "description": "James Tissot (French, 1836\u20131902)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a fabric merchant, Tissot left for Paris in 1856 in order to study at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts under Louis Lamothe (1822-1869) and Hippolyte Flandrin (1809-1864). Just like Alma Tadema (q.v.), Tissot, in his early career, was influenced by Belgian history painter Henry Leys (1815-1869), which resulted in such paintings as those illustrating Goethe's Faust (1808-32). In Paris he became close friends with J. A. M. Whistler (1834-1903), Degas (q.v.), and later Morisot (q.v.) and Manet (q.v.). Tissot made his debut at the Salon of 1859, and in 1864 he showed his first works depicting scenes of modern life. He became quite successful, and by 1865 his financial troubles had disappeared. His fame had already spread to the other side of the Channel, and in 1864 he exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy in London. Intrigued by Japanese art, Tissot amassed a renowned collection and painted some fashionable japonaiseries. In 1870 he fought in the Franco-Prussian War and joined the Paris Commune. He left the war-ravaged city in 1871 for London, where his success continued. Degas asked him to participate in the first impressionist exhibition in 1874, but he declined. Around 1875 he met Kathleen Newton, who became his companion until her death at age twenty-eight. Overcome with grief, he moved back to Paris. There he had a large solo exhibition in 1883 at the Palais de l'Industrie, showing paintings, works on paper, and enamels. Two years later he exhibited Quinze tableaux sur la femme \u00e0 Paris, depicting the life of the modern urban woman. From that point on, Tissot became deeply involved with spiritualism and religion. He departed completely from secular subjects and began illustrating the life of Christ.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1836", "death_year": "1902", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1878, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1878", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Seaside"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:45:01.748000"}, {"id": 106709, "accession_number": "1924.747", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ivory Box with Scenes of Adam and Eve, 1000\u20131100s. Byzantium, Constantinople, Byzantine period. Ivory, wood; overall: 14.3 x 46.7 x 20.3 cm (5 5/8 x 18 3/8 x 8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of W. G. Mather, F. F. Prentiss, John L. Severance, J. H. Wade, 1924.747", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Ivory Box with Scenes of Adam and Eve", "creation_date": "1000\u20131100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Constantinople, Byzantine period"], "technique": "ivory, wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Ivory", "measurements": "Overall: 14.3 x 46.7 x 20.3 cm (5 5/8 x 18 3/8 x 8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.143, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.467, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.203, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Greek inscriptions are included in each plaque.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Early Christian and Byzantine Art.</em> The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, (April 24-June 24, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-04-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Monsignor B\u00e9thune, Ghent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Lucien Demotte, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1924", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1924", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Carved out of imported ivory by skilled craftsmen, boxes such as these were used by Byzantine elites to store luxury goods such as jewelry.", "description": "Scenes from the Old Testament stories of Adam and Eve and their children, Cain and Abel, decorate this box, which may have been made to contain jewelry or small valuables. On its lid two plaques depict the creation of Adam and the creation of Eve from Adam\u2019s rib. Two further plaques depict Cain slaying Abel: Cain throws a stone in the direction of Abel, who is hit by stones in the hip, chest, and head.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757747"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1924.747-ivory-box-with-scene"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Graeven, Hans. \u201cAdamo ed Eva sui Cofanetti d\u2019Avorio Bizantini.\u201d <em>L\u2019Arte</em>, 2 (1899): 297-315.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302-303", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Adolfo. <em>Storia dell'arte italiana</em>. Milano: U. Hoepli, 1901.", "page_number": "p. 602", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301es royaux d'art et d'histoire (Belgium), and Joseph Destre\u0301e. <em>Catalogue des ivoires, des objets en nacre en os grave\u0301 et en cire peinte.</em> Bruxelles: Bruyland, 1902.", "page_number": "No. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dalton, O. M. <em>Byzantine Art and Archaeology.</em> Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1911.", "page_number": "p. 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frary, I.T. \"Ivory Coffert,\" <em>The Buckeye </em>(September 1924).", "page_number": "p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"A Byzantine Ivory Casket.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 12, no. 1 (1925)", "page_number": "pp. 5-13", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136818"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n14"}, {"citation": "<em>The Graphic </em>London(1926).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Katharine. \u201cIn Spite of Curators.\u201d <em>The American Magazine of Art </em>17, no. 11 (November 1926): 565-568.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eastman, Alvan C. \"Byzantine Ivories in American Museums,\" <em>Art in America</em> 15 (June 1927).", "page_number": "pp. 157-68", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n16"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Mr. Severance's Gifts to the Museum.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>23, no. 2 (February 1936): 17-27", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26; Reproduced: p. 27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137748"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90; Reproduced: p. 96", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Shoolman, Regina, and Charles E. Slatkin. <em>The Enjoyment of Art in America, A Survey of the Permanent Collections of Painting, Sculpture, Ceramics &amp; Decorative Arts in American and Canadian Museums: Being an Introduction to the Masterpieces of Art from Prehistoric to Modern Times. </em>Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1942.", "page_number": "p. 792", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.), and Dorothy Eugenia Miner.<em> Early Christian and Byzantine Art, An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art, April 25-June 22 [1947]</em>. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1947.", "page_number": "no. 118, pl. XXIV", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 86", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Panofsky, Erwin. <em>Studies in Iconology: Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance.</em> New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1962.", "page_number": "p. 45, fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n65"}, {"citation": "Lassus, Jean. <em>The Early Christian and Byzantine World.</em> London: Hamlyn, 1967.", "page_number": "pp. 163-64, fig. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n63"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n63"}, {"citation": "Bernabo\u0300, Massimo. Considerazioni sul manoscritto laurenziano plut. 5.38 e sulle miniature della Genesi degli Ottateuchi bizantini. 111, 8, 1 (1978).", "page_number": "pp. 135-157, pl. IX, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frye, Roland Mushat. <em>Milton's Imagery and the Visual Arts: Iconographic Tradition in the Epic Poems</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 140, pl. 220", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldschmidt, Adolph, and Kurt Weitzmann. <em>Die byzantinischen Elfenbeinskulpturen des X-XIII Jahrhunderts</em>. Berlin: Brnuo Cassirer, 1930.", "page_number": "No. 67a-e, pls. XLVII, XLVIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, and Liz James. <em>Desire and Denial in Byzantium: Papers from the 31st Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton, March 1997.</em> Aldershot: Ashgate/Variorum, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 25, p. 88-89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 78-81, No. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "WIlson, Justin. \"The Origin of the Crafts According to Byzantine Rosette Caskets.\" <em>West 86th</em>, 27 No. 2 (Fall-Winter 2020): 197-215.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 197 - 201, figs. 1 and 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Couzin, Robert. Right and Left in Early Christian and Medieval Art. Boston : Brill, 2021, 26.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 26, n. 30.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1924.747", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "784", "filesize": "604101", "filename": "1924.747_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2111", "filesize": "3722243", "filename": "1924.747_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_full.tif", "width": "5268", "height": "3271", "filesize": "51725220", "filename": "1924.747_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "556", "filesize": "463994"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1498", "filesize": "2789559"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5880", "height": "2591", "filesize": "45735224"}, "date_created": "2005-11-28T19:01:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "555", "filesize": "457969"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1494", "filesize": "2791128"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5883", "height": "2585", "filesize": "45652532"}, "date_created": "2005-11-28T19:09:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "712", "filesize": "673602"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1918", "filesize": "4044305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5922", "height": "3341", "filesize": "59387604"}, "date_created": "2005-11-28T19:25:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "867", "filesize": "718741"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2335", "filesize": "4294741"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5634", "height": "3869", "filesize": "65426024"}, "date_created": "2005-11-28T19:43:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1233", "height": "893", "filesize": "720124"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2462", "filesize": "4561073"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.747/1924.747_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5244", "height": "3797", "filesize": "59766760"}, "date_created": "2005-11-28T19:56:12", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of W. G. Mather, F. F. Prentiss, John L. Severance, J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 106709, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1924-07-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1000\u20131100s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Casket with Adam and Eve"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:44:28.587000"}, {"id": 162282, "accession_number": "2002.2", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "January, 1940\u201341. Grant Wood (American, 1891\u20131942). Oil on masonite panel; framed: 67 x 82.5 x 7.5 cm (26 3/8 x 32 1/2 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 45.7 x 60.1 cm (18 x 23 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2002.2. Art \u00a9 Figge Art Museum, successors to the Estate of Nan Wood Graham/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY", "current_location": "226B American Modern", "title": "January", "creation_date": "1940\u201341", "creation_date_earliest": 1940, "creation_date_latest": 1941, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on masonite panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 67 x 82.5 x 7.5 cm (26 3/8 x 32 1/2 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 45.7 x 60.1 cm (18 x 23 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.67, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.825, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.457, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.601, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "Art \u00a9 Figge Art Museum, successors to the Estate of Nan Wood Graham/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and dated lower left:  Grant Wood/1940", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 290566, "title": "Grant Wood: American Gothic and Other Fables", "description": "<i>Grant Wood: American Gothic and Other Fables</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 2-June 10, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-03-02T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago, The Fifty-Third Annual Exhibition of American Paintings and Sculpture (29 October-10 December 1942), cat. no. 14.", "opening_date": "1942-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Grant Wood: The Regionalist Vision (16 June-4 September 1983); traveled to Minneapolis, The Minneapolis Institute of Fine Arts (25 September 1983-1 January 1984); Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago (21 January-15 April 1984); San Francisco, M.H. De Young Memorial Museum (12 May-12 August 1984), cat. no. 62, illus. p. 60, fig. no. 102.", "opening_date": "1983-06-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (3/2/2018 - 6/10/2018): \"Grant Wood: American Gothic and Other Fables\"", "opening_date": "2018-03-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2002-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Berry-Hill Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2002", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Private collector, New Jersey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "King W. Vidor Trust", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1982-", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "King Vidor [1894-1982] and Elizabeth Hill Vidor [1901-1978], Beverly Hills, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-1982", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 125140, "description": "January, 1938. Grant Wood (American, 1891\u20131942), Associated American Artists (America, New York, 1934\u201381). Lithograph; sheet: 30.5 x 40.7 cm (12 x 16 in.); image: 22.6 x 30.2 cm (8 7/8 x 11 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Malcolm L. McBride, 1947.113. Art \u00a9 Figge Art Museum, successors to the Estate of Nan Wood Graham/Licensed by VAGA, New York, NY", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "For many years Wood maintained his painting studio on the property of a funeral home in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.", "description": "One of the last paintings Wood created before his untimely death from liver cancer, <em>January</em> has a decidedly nostalgic cast. According to the artist, the painting was \"deeply rooted in the memories of my early childhood on an Iowa farm. . . . it is a land of plenty here which seems to rest, rather than suffer, under the cold.\" One sign of activity, in the form of rabbit tracks, infiltrates the otherwise dormant scene. Wood\u2019s composition teems with abstract design, most notably through the rhythmically geometric array of snow-laden corn shocks that seem to recede infinitely into the distance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51831248"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Maroney, Jr., James H. <em>Fresh Perspectives on Grant Wood, Charles Sheeler, and George Durrie. </em>Leicester, VT: Gala Books, Ltd, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.39, 46, 52, 80; Reproduced p. 45.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nygard, Travis Earl. \"Seeds of Agribusiness: Grant Wood and the Visual Culture of Grain Farming, 1862-1957.\" Ph.D. diss, University of Pittsburgh, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned P. 196; Reproduced P. 242.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Taylor, Sue. <em>Grant Wood's Secrets</em> (Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 2020.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Parnassus</em>, May, 1940, illus.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Grant Wood, letter to King Vidor, April 26,1941.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Important Works of Grant Wood,\" <em>Demcourier</em> 7 (May, 1942).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Middle Western Scene from Memorial Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture at the Chicago Art Institute October 29 to December 29,\" <em>The Chicago Daily News, </em>October 17, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Grant Wood: Iowa's No. 1 Artist Who Died Last Winter Gets Big Retrospective Show in Chicago,\" <em>Life</em>, January 18, 1943, illus. p. 57.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garwood, Darrell. <em>Artist in Iowa: A Life of Grant Wood.</em> New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Company, Inc., 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.209; Reproduced: p. 224, 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weigel Brown, Helen. \"Have you ever bought a painting?\" <em>House Beautiful</em> (December, 1945).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "'Regional Paintings by Corn Belt artists are Among Nation's Best.\" <em>Holiday Magazine</em> (November, 1948).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dennis, James M. <em>Grant Wood: A Study in American Art and Culture. </em>New York: Viking Press, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 201; Reproduced: p. 202, plate 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czestochowski, Joseph S. <em>John Steuart Curry and Grant Wood: A Portrait of Rural America. </em>Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: o.128-136,208,210-211", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corn, Wanda M., and Grant Wood. <em>Grant Wood, the Regionalist Vision</em>. New Haven: Published for the Minneapolis Institute of Arts by Yale University Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 62, Reproduced: fig. 102, p. 60.", "url": null}, {"citation": "James Maroney Incoportated advertisement, <em>Art in America</em> 71 no. 9 (October, 1983).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "James Maroney Incorporated advertisement. <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>(November, 1983) 124, no. 5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 821", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kuspit, Donald B. \"Grant Wood: Pathos of the Plain.\" <em>Art in America </em>72 no. 3 (March, 1984).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hirschl &amp; Adler Galleries Inc. Advertisement. <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>(February,1987), 131, no. 2.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 322", "url": null}, {"citation": "Woiwode, Larry. \"Against the Grain: A Writer's Personal Odyssey Through Grant Wood's Vision of America.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques </em>6, no. 1(January, 1988).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76; Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duggleby, John. <em>Artist in Overalls: The Life of Grant Wood</em>. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt Steven. \"Museum Buys Major Painting by Grant Wood.\" <em>The Plain Dealer, </em>March 7, 2002.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry, \"Grant Wood's January\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 42 no. 06, Summer 2002", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 10-11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2002-06/page/n9"}, {"citation": "Tranberg, Dan. \"Art Matters: Museum Arranges Modern Works to Tell History Better.\" <em>The Plain Dealer, </em>August 16, 2002.illus.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions 2000-2005.\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 45 (July/August 2005).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7, 14, 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139; Reproduced: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Andrew. <em>Joe Jones: Radical Painter of the American Scene. </em>Seattle: Saint Louis Art Museum in association with University of Washington Press, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maroney, Jr., James H. <em>Hiding in Plain Sight: Decoding the Homoerotic and Misogynistic Imagery of Grant Wood. </em>Leicester: Gala Books, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10, 47-48, 55-56, 58,82; Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Haskell, Barbara. <em>Grant Wood: American Gothic and Other Fables</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192, pl. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "David Anfam, \"Grant Wood: American Gothic and Other Fables,\" <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 160, no.1383 (June 2018).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 503, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maroney, James H. <em>Fresh Perspectives on Grant Wood, Charles Sheeler, and George H. Durrie.</em> Leicester, VT: Gala Books, Ltd., 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokes Sims, Lowery. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 79, p. 120, Reproduced: p. 72", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2002.2", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Hammond Hemmelgarn Family Gallery", "athena_id": 162282, "creators": [{"id": 18195, "description": "Grant Wood (American, 1891\u20131942)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1891", "death_year": "1942", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2002-03-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1940, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1940\u201341", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:23.754000"}, {"id": 155432, "accession_number": "1990.160", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Crocodile Pendant, 1000\u20131550. Panama, Azuero Peninsula, Parita style, 11th-16th century. Cast gold, modern greenstone; overall: 6.5 x 5.5 x 4.4 cm (2 9/16 x 2 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Gruener, 1990.160", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Crocodile Pendant", "creation_date": "1000\u20131550", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1550, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Panama, Azuero Peninsula, Parita style, 11th-16th century"], "technique": "cast gold, modern greenstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 6.5 x 5.5 x 4.4 cm (2 9/16 x 2 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.065, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.055, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.044, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 344809, "title": "The Gruener Collection of Pre-Columbian Art", "description": "<i>The Gruener Collection of Pre-Columbian Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-November 29, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-02-04T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Stendahl Art Galleries, Los Angeles, CA, 1964, sold to James C. and Florence C. Gruener)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "James C. [1903-1990] and Florence C. [1908-1982] Gruener, Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964    ", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1990", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The greenstone replaced a piece of carved whale bone that was once improperly paired with the pendant.", "description": "Of great importance in ancient Panama were beings that combined crocodile features, especially the mouth, with lizard traits, such as the iguana\u2019s head crest. This example also has a back-swept nose, perhaps that of the leaf-nosed bat. The greenstone is a modern replacement for a stone or shell that once completed the crocodile\u2019s body.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759753"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.160-crocodile-pendant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Von Winning, Hasso, and Alfred Stendahl. Pre-Columbian Art of Mexico and Central America: Text and Notes by Hasso Von Winning. Selection of Plates by Alfred Stendahl. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1968.", "page_number": "p. 385, fig. 593", "url": null}, {"citation": "Young-S\u00e1nchez, Margaret. \"The Gruener Collection of Pre-Columbian Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 7 (1992): 234-75.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 122, p. 274, Reproduced: fig. 122, p. 264", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161367."}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.160", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_web.jpg", "width": "879", "height": "893", "filesize": "363741", "filename": "1990.160_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_print.jpg", "width": "2950", "height": "2996", "filesize": "1653846", "filename": "1990.160_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_full.tif", "width": "2950", "height": "2996", "filesize": "26563428", "filename": "1990.160_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "780", "height": "893", "filesize": "314812"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2968", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5438071"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2493", "height": "2855", "filesize": "21392384"}, "date_created": "2011-11-07T15:51:38", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "934", "height": "893", "filesize": "427771"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3252", "filesize": "6244690"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3907", "height": "3737", "filesize": "43827916"}, "date_created": "2010-08-17T18:48:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "838", "height": "893", "filesize": "380498"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3192", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6293681"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.160/1990.160_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3678", "height": "3917", "filesize": "43246980"}, "date_created": "2010-08-17T19:09:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Gruener", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155432, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-03-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1000\u20131550", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Alligator Pendant", "Crocodilian Pendant"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:02:19.955000"}, {"id": 147575, "accession_number": "1973.73", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "One-Faced Linga (Ekamukhalinga), 600s\u2013700s. Eastern India, Bihar, Medieval period, Pala dynasty. Chloritic schist; overall: 83.8 cm (33 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1973.73", "current_location": "244 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "One-Faced Linga (Ekamukhalinga)", "creation_date": "600s\u2013700s", "creation_date_earliest": 600, "creation_date_latest": 799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Eastern India, Bihar, Medieval period, Pala dynasty"], "technique": "chloritic schist", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 83.8 cm (33 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.838, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Robert Rousset [1901\u20131982], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131973", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Some lingas have four faces that indicate a more advanced stage of creation.", "description": "The innermost sanctum of a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva is called a womb chamber in which a stylized phallus called a linga is installed. Together, the chamber and linga represent the potentiality of creation. Artists depict the first stage of creation by a face emerging from the phallus, which embodies one aspect of Shiva. This face is of a powerful yogi, with long matted locks adorned with a crescent moon. He has a penetrating gaze with all three of his eyes. This icon would have been accessed primarily by Brahmin priests who would perform rituals honoring Shiva as the ultimate creator of the world.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758304"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.73-one-faced-linga-ekam"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1973.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 28, 1974, pp. 113\u2013143.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 118, fig. 15", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20111066"}, {"citation": "\"The Year in Review for 1973.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 2 (1974): 31-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 187, p. 79; Reproduced: no. 187, p. 60", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 294", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n314"}, {"citation": "Kramrisch, Stella. <em>Manifestations of Shiva</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 5, p. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Katz, Johnathan G. \u201cImages of Shiva\u201d <em>Portfolio</em> (May-June 1981) vol. III:3.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  pp. 140-141", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw, \"Great Acquisitions and Southeast Asian Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Orientations </em>(Jan/Feb 2005), vol. 36, no. 1.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 84", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.73", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_web.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "893", "filesize": "73664", "filename": "1973.73_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_print.jpg", "width": "2130", "height": "3400", "filesize": "986483", "filename": "1973.73_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_full.tif", "width": "4548", "height": "7258", "filesize": "99051008", "filename": "1973.73_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "561", "height": "893", "filesize": "69767"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2137", "height": "3400", "filesize": "945897"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4515", "height": "7182", "filesize": "97303056"}, "date_created": "2012-09-27T17:43:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "498", "height": "893", "filesize": "72630"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1895", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1010281"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4141", "height": "7426", "filesize": "92276204"}, "date_created": "2012-09-27T18:24:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "541", "height": "893", "filesize": "71059"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2061", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1032862"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4417", "height": "7285", "filesize": "96556424"}, "date_created": "2012-09-27T18:17:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "893", "filesize": "70253"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2304", "height": "3400", "filesize": "696568"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5014", "height": "7399", "filesize": "111318716"}, "date_created": "2012-09-27T18:42:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "409488"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1212", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1301792"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.73/1973.73_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1212", "height": "1536", "filesize": "5587124"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "c21b2f738e274935af18df57f20a7921", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/c21b2f738e274935af18df57f20a7921", "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. & Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 147575, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 600, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "600s\u2013700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mukhalinga"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:45.375000"}, {"id": 159277, "accession_number": "1995.72", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lidded Bowl with Iguana, c. 600\u20131100 (Thermoluminescence date, 995\u20131395). Costa Rica, Southern Nicoya region. Ceramic, slip; base: 15.1 x 35 cm (5 15/16 x 13 3/4 in.); lid: 29.9 x 38 cm (11 3/4 x 14 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund, 1995.72", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Lidded Bowl with Iguana", "creation_date": "c. 600\u20131100 (Thermoluminescence date, 995\u20131395)", "creation_date_earliest": 600, "creation_date_latest": 1100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Costa Rica, Southern Nicoya region"], "technique": "ceramic, slip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Base: 15.1 x 35 cm (5 15/16 x 13 3/4 in.); Lid: 29.9 x 38 cm (11 3/4 x 14 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"base": {"height": 0.151, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.35, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "lid": {"height": 0.299, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.38, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Update on pre-acquisition history pending.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Green iguanas can grow to be over 6 feet long.", "description": "At the time of the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, Costa Rican mythology linked iguanas to the sky and to rulers. The earlier makers of this vessel left no written records, but they may have had similar beliefs. The lizard poses as though basking in the sun, a celestial body, and assumes an aggressive stance that could be likened to a ruler's: the teeth and chin under the dewlap are displayed, Also, fine ceramics like this were buried in the graves of the high-status dead, some of them certainly leaders of the several groups that competed in the area.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779060"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.72-lidded-bowl-with-igu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Acquires Major Works,\u201d December 20, 1995, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4002"}, {"citation": "<em>Extrait de la Gazette des Beaux Arts</em> (March, 1996) .", "page_number": "p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Opening of Pre-Columbian Galleries at Cleveland.\"<em> Tribal Arts</em>. (Winter, 1997).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hopper, Robin.<em> Functional Pottery: Form and Aesthetic in Pots of Purpose.</em> London: A. &amp; C. Black, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. K<em>nockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "pp. 97-98, 220, no. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 66-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan E. \"'The Art of Those Who Lived Here Before the White Man Came': Collecting the Ancient Americas at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>Collecting the \u201cOther Americas\u201d: Ancient Americas Collections in American Art Museums, </em>edited by Victoria I. Lyall, and Ellen Hoobler, 67- 82. 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Severance Fund, 2000.6", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Statuette of Herakles", "creation_date": "510\u2013500 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -510, "creation_date_latest": -500, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greek"], "technique": "bronze (solid cast)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 21.5 cm (8 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.215, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.217, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.11, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ernest Ascher Collection; acquired by Jacques Chalmin in the early 1960s; sold by Jean-Luc Chalmin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This robust figure exudes power, despite his damaged feet and missing hands.", "description": "Striding forward with his left foot, this nude figure turns his torso and raises his tightly bent right arm behind his head. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517693, "title": "Gods and Heroes, Baroque Images of Antiquity", "description": "<i>Gods and Heroes, Baroque Images of Antiquity</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (October 29, 1968-January 4, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-10-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192790, "title": "A Painting in Focus: Jean-Bernard Restout's Sleep and the French Royal Academy", "description": "<i>A Painting in Focus: Jean-Bernard Restout's Sleep and the French Royal Academy</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 14-May 23, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-03-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 221185, "title": "Neoclassicism: A Taste for the Antique, 1720-1790", "description": "<i>Neoclassicism: A Taste for the Antique, 1720-1790</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (organizer) (March 20-May 30, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177314, "title": "America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting", "description": "<i>America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (May 21-August 20, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-05-21T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "possibly exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1771, cat. 137 (\"Sommeil, figure d'etude)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "1771", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "possibly exhibited at the Salon de la Correspondance of 1783, cat. 144 (as \"Morph\u00e9e\")", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1783", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "possibly listed as \"Morph\u00e9e\" in the inventory made at the artist's death, 1797", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1797", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sold, Boussod, Valadon et Cie., Paris [as attributed to Fragonard])", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(sold, Hotel Drouot, Paris, December 2, 1910, no. 13, as attributed to Fragonard)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 2, 1910", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Octave Linet (1870-1962), Paris and Tours, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Octave Linet, sold, Palais Galliera, Paris, March 23, 1963, no. 16, as \"Le genie du sommeil,\" as by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 23, 1963", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Galerie Cailleux, Paris, France), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1963", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1963-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A source of inspiration for this painting was probably the Roman poet Ovid's <em>Metamorphoses</em>, which describes the god of sleep as living in a cave with sleep-inducing poppies at the entrance.", "description": "The tradition of painting nude male figures in a studio setting was the cornerstone of artistic practice, teaching artists to depict the human body in complex poses in order to create larger narratives. However, by the late 1700s, some artists began to see these studies as independent works of art. By adding the wings and the poppies, Restout transformed his study into a more specific subject, and he first exhibited the work in a privately organized exhibition in 1783 under the title of Morpheus, the god of sleep.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469068"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.502-sleep"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, L, (December, 1963): 278-279.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 278-279; Reproduced: no. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n165"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cJean Honor\u00e9 Fragonard: Morpheus.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 3 (1966)", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1-3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152093"}, {"citation": "Wildenstein and Company. <em>Gods &amp; Heroes: Baroque Images of Antiquity</em>. New York, NY, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 15, pl. 38", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/452359"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n165"}, {"citation": "Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France).<em> De David a\u0300 Delacroix: la peinture franc\u0327aise de 1774 a\u0300 1830 : [exposition], Grand Palais, 16 novembre 1974-3 fe\u0301vrier 1975.</em> Paris: Secre\u0301tariat d'E\u0301tat a\u0300 la culture, E\u0301ditions des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1974.", "page_number": "p. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Welu, James A. \"Sleeping Endymion by Nicolas-Guy Brenet,\" <em>Worcester Art Museum Bulletin, </em>no. 1 (1974).", "page_number": "7, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>The Age of Louis XV: French Painting 1710-1774 : [Exhibition] 1975-1976, the Toledo Museum of Art, October 26-December 7, the Art Institute of Chicago, January 10-February 22, the National Gallery of Canada, March 21-May 2</em>. Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry, and David Levine. <em>Eighteenth-century French life-drawing: selections from the Collection of Mathias Polakovits</em>. Princeton, NJ.: Art Museum, Princeton University, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88-89; Reproduced: fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n206"}, {"citation": "Sandoz, Marc, and Gabriel Briard. <em>Gabriel Briard, 1725-1777: avec des remarques liminaires sur Jean-Baptiste Alizard</em>. Paris, France: Editart-Quatre Chemins, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 157-160; Reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Colin B., and Carrie A. Hamilton. <em>The Loves of the Gods: Mythological Painting from Watteau to David</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 493; Reproduced: fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ian Woodner Master Drawings Symposium, and Diana Dethloff. <em>Drawing: Masters and Methods: Raphael to Redon : Papers Presented to the Ian Woodner Master Drawings Symposium at The Royal Academy of Arts, London</em>. London, United Kingdom: Philip Wilson in association with the Royal Academy of Arts, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dethloff, Diana. <em>Drawing: Masters and Methods : Raphael to Redon.</em> London: P. Wilson Publishers in association with the Royal Academy of Arts, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 9, fig. 2.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foster, Carter E. \"Jean-Bernard Restout's <em>Sleep: Figure Study</em>: Painting and Drawing from Life at the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture,\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 3 (1998): 48-85.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 48-49, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079698"}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> 133 (1999).", "page_number": "p. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Poulet, Anne L., and Jean Antoine Houdon. <em>Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment</em>. Washington, DC: Published by the National Gallery of Art in association with the University of Chicago Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Poulet, Anne L., and Jean Antoine Houdon<em>. Jean-Antoine Houdon: Sculptor of the Enlightenment.</em> Washington, DC: Published by the National Gallery of Art in association with the University of Chicago Press, 2003.", "page_number": "fig. 3, p. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>Only in America: One Hundred Paintings in American Museums Unmatched in European Collections</em>. Milano, Italy: Skira, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144-145", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scherf, Guilhem, and Jean Antoine Houdon. <em>Houdon, 1741-1828: statues, portraits sculpte\u0301s--</em>. Paris, France: Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "B\u00e9dard, Sylvain \"Le nu histori\u00e9: les envois des pensionnaires de l'Aacd\u00e9mie de France \u00e0 Rome us XVIII si\u00e8cle,\" in <em>Studiolo: Revue de l'Art de l'Acad\u00e9mie de France \u00e0 Rome</em>, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 217, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Faroult, Guillaume, Christophe Leribault, Guilhem Scherf, Edgar Peters Bowron, and Helga Kessler-Aurisch. <em>Antiquity Revived: Neoclassical Art in the Eighteenth Century</em>. Paris, France: Gallimard, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jollet, Etienne. Anti-Pygmalion: Body Movement and Equivocalities in Jean-Baptiste Restout's<em> \"Diogenes Asking for Alms.\" </em>In <em> Body Narratives: Motion and Emotion in the French Enlightenment. Susanna </em>Caviglia, editor., 63-80: Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 66; Reproduced: p. 164. pl. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Willk-Brocard, Nicole. J<em>ean-Bernard Restout: 1732-1796: Peintre du Roi et Re\u0301volutionnaire.</em> Paris: Arth\u00e9na, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 4; 49, #67 P; 156; Mentioned: pp. 156-157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jackall, Yuriko. America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting. 2017. Pl. 50.", "page_number": "226-227", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jackall, Yuriko. <em>America Collects Eighteenth-Century French Painting.</em> Chicago, IL: Art Stock Books, Independent Publishers Group, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 226-227, pl. 50, 258-259 (detail); Mentioned: pp. 279", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmuckli, Claudia, Kehinde Wiley, Valerie Cassel Oliver, Emil Kraig Wilbekin, Janna Keegan, Thomas P. Campbell, Darren Walker, and Justin Steele. Kehinde Wiley: An Archaeology of Silence. San Francisco, California : Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco ; New York, NY : DelMonico Books/D.A.P., 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 129, fig. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. <em>Sculpteurs Du Roi: Les Morceaux de R\u00e9ception \u00c0 l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture (1657-1791). </em>Edited by Val\u00e9rie Carpentier-Vanhaverbeke and Guilhem Scherf. Paris: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 426-428, fig. 208", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.502", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.502/1963.502_web.jpg", "width": "1190", "height": "893", "filesize": "652390", "filename": "1963.502_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.502/1963.502_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2551", "filesize": "5372301", "filename": "1963.502_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.502/1963.502_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4127", "filesize": "68127700", "filename": "1963.502_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 139729, "creators": [{"id": 1991, "description": "Jean Bernard Restout (French, 1732\u20131797)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-09-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1766, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1771", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sleep---Figure Study", "Somnus", "Allegorical Figure of Sommeil (God of Sleep)", "Morpheus or Allegory of Sleep"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:08:58.647000"}, {"id": 127115, "accession_number": "1949.439", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head of a Tahitian Woman, 1891. Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903). Graphite with stumping and graphite wash on parchment; sheet: 30.5 x 24.4 cm (12 x 9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1949.439", "current_location": null, "title": "Head of a Tahitian Woman", "creation_date": "1891", "creation_date_earliest": 1891, "creation_date_latest": 1891, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "graphite with stumping and graphite wash on parchment", "support_materials": [{"description": "imitation vellum", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 30.5 x 24.4 cm (12 x 9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.305, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.244, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338420, "title": "Gauguin in Tahiti", "description": "<i>Gauguin in Tahiti</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (April 1-May 14, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-04-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 702994, "title": "Work of Paul Gauguin", "description": "<i>Work of Paul Gauguin</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (February 12-March 29, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (April 22-May 3, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518710, "title": "19th Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>19th Century Master Drawings</i>. Newark Museum, Newark, NJ (organizer) (March 16-April 30, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361385, "title": "Nineteenth Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Nineteenth Century Master Drawings</i>. Newark Museum, Newark, NJ (organizer) (March 16-April 30, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361386, "title": "19th and 20th Century Drawings", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 19-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361387, "title": "Gauguin", "description": "<i>Gauguin</i>. National Museum of Modern Art, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan (October 5-November 7, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-08-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361388, "title": "Gauguin to Moore: Primitivism in Modern Sculpture", "description": "<i>Gauguin to Moore: Primitivism in Modern Sculpture</i>. Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (November 7, 1981-January 3, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361389, "title": "Paul Gauguin", "description": "<i>Paul Gauguin</i>. The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (March 6-May 17, 1987); Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art, Nagoya, Japan (June 12-28, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441402, "title": "The Art of Paul Gauguin", "description": "<i>The Art of Paul Gauguin</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (organizer) (May 1-July 31, 1988); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (September 17-December 11, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary</em>. Wildenstein, New York (April 3 - May 4, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-04-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Hugo Perls, Berlin, sold to De Hauke & Co., Inc., New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1929", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(De Hauke & Co., Inc., sold to Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->De Hauke inv. no. 1373.</div>"], "date": "1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mr. [1880\u20131966] and Mrs. [1879\u20131980] Lewis B. Williams, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1949", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949 -", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In his writings, Gauguin often referred to his drawings as \"documents\"\u2014records of motifs and ideas he could use later.", "description": "This drawing belongs to a group of highly finished portrait drawings of Tahitians made by Paul Gauguin shortly after his arrival in the South Seas. While getting used to this new place, Gauguin initially avoided painting, preferring first to familiarize himself with the landscape and people through observation and drawing. The meticulous quality of this graphite study suggests that it was made from life. The woman\u2019s noble face and enigmatic expression allude to the spirituality and melancholy that Gauguin sought to conjure in his Polynesian work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780768"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.439-head-of-a-tahitian-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Morice, Charles.<em> Paul Gauguin</em>. Paris: H. Floury, 1919.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Gauguin</em>. New York: Hyperion Press, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of Paul Gauguin For the Benefit of the New York Infirmary</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Wildenstein, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Rare Drawings in Gauguin Exhibition.\" <em>The Minneapolis Institute of Arts Bulletin</em> 39, no. 15 (April 15, 1950): 74.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Drawing by Gauguin.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 37, no. 8 (1950): 178-179.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 178-179; Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141656"}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>Gauguin Drawings</em>. New York: Yoseloff, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooks, Van Wyck, trans. <em>Paul Gauguin's Intimate Journals</em>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 606", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n113"}, {"citation": "Rousseau, Theodore, Jr. <em>Gauguin: Paintings, Drawings, Prints, Sculpture</em>. Exh. Cat. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, in association with the Lakeside Press, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 65, no. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Nineteenth Century Master Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. Newark, NJ: Newark Museum, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n205"}, {"citation": "<em>Gauguin</em>. Exh. Cat. Seibu: Grand Magazin Seibu, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n205"}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald. <em>The Drawings of Paul Gauguin</em>. London: Hamlyn, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34; Reproduced: plate 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martini, Alberto. Paul Gauguin. Milano: Fratelli Fabbri Editori, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wadley, Nicholas. <em>Gauguin</em>. London: Phaidon, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 223", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n243"}, {"citation": "McFee, June King, and Rogena M. Degge. <em>Art, Culture, and Environment: A Catalyst for Teaching</em>. New York: Kendall Hunt, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilkinson, Alan G. <em>Gauguin to Moore: Primitivism in Modern Sculpture</em>. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 59, no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prather, Marla, and Charles F. Stuckey, ed. <em>Gauguin: A Retrospective</em>. New York: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paul Gauguin</em>. Exh. Cat. Tokyo: National Museum of Modern Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barskai\ufe20a\ufe21, A. G., and M. A. Bessonova. <em>Paul Gauguin in Soviet Museums.</em> Leningrad: Aurora Art Publishers, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Huyghe, Ren\u00e9. <em>Gauguin</em>. New York: Crown, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise. <em>Gauguin</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard, Fran\u00e7oise Cachin, Claire Fr\u00e8ches-Thory, and Charles F. Stuckey. <em>Gauguin</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 212, 224, no. 118; Reproduced: p. 224", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cachin, Franc\u0327oise. <em>Gauguin: \"Ce malgre\u0301 moi de sauvage.\"</em> Paris: Gallimard, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 191; Reproduced: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clement, Russell T. <em>Paul Gauguin: A Bio-Bibliography</em>. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Belinda, ed. <em>Gauguin by Himself.</em> London: Bulfinch Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 307; Reproduced: p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Amishai-Maisels, Ziva, Marina Bessonova, Albert Kostenevic, and Maria Grazia Messina. <em>Paul Gauguin e l'avanguardia Russa</em>. Firenze: Artificio, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.5, pp. 142-43, p. 291; Reproduced: p. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cable, Patrick Shaw. \"From North Africa to the Black Sea: Nineteenth-Century French Orientalist Drawings.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 7 (2002): 104-25.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 118", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20079721"}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 162-165, no. 31", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.439", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.439/1949.439_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "399263", "filename": "1949.439_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.439/1949.439_print.jpg", "width": "2715", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7184914", "filename": "1949.439_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.439/1949.439_full.tif", "width": "4618", "height": "5782", "filesize": "80131448", "filename": "1949.439_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.439/1949.439_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "702", "height": "893", "filesize": "474426"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.439/1949.439_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1955", "filesize": "2494188"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.439/1949.439_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1955", "filesize": "9011948"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127115, "creators": [{"id": 1776, "description": "Paul Gauguin (French, 1848\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Gauguin spent the first seven years of his life with his mother and great uncle in Peru. In 1855 his mother took him back to France where he attended boarding school. He joined the merchant marine when he was seventeen and began traveling around South America. When Gauguin's mother died in 1868, Gustave Arosa, an art collector and photographer, became his legal guardian. Arosa's collection included works by Corot (q.v.), Courbet (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), and the Barbizon painters, and it was he who would encourage Gauguin to start painting. In 1872 Arosa found a job for Gauguin at a brokerage firm, giving him financial security. The following year he married a Danish woman, Mette Gad. Gauguin had already started painting and sculpting in his spare time and first exhibited at the Salon in 1876 with a landscape.1 He was asked by Pissarro (q.v.) and Degas (q.v.) to participate in the fourth impressionist exhibition in 1879, where from then on he would exhibit regularly. Durand-Ruel began purchasing his paintings, and in turn Gauguin started to collect the works of his colleagues, such as Manet (q.v.) and Renoir (q.v.) and, in particular, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.) and Pissarro. He went to Pontoise in 1882, where he painted with C\u00e9zanne and Pissarro, who along with Degas continued to influence him at this period. In 1883 Gauguin decided to become a full-time artist. In 1884 he moved with his wife and children to Rouen and then to Copenhagen, but he failed to earn a comfortable living. He returned to Paris in 1886 and met ceramicist Ernest Chaplet (1835-1909), who introduced him to his m\u00e9tier. Gauguin distanced himself from impressionism and in 1888 worked in Pont-Aven with \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), who had been experimenting with creating compositions using flat areas of color and dark outlines (cloissonism). Gauguin also studied Japanese prints and Indonesian art. The impact of these influences is evident in Gauguin's Vision after the Sermon: Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1888, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh), so far removed from his earlier impressionist style. Succumbing to van Gogh's (q.v.) many requests, Gauguin agreed to travel to Arles and paint with the artist; their characters, however, proved incompatible. Theo van Gogh, who worked for Boussod Valadon &amp; Cie, would in the meantime sell Gauguin's work. For the next two years, Gauguin traveled often around Brittany. In search of a more pure and unspoiled culture, he auctioned off his paintings in 1891 in order to finance a journey to Tahiti. Upon his arrival, he was disappointed to find many expatriates and developed areas, yet he was still able to capture in his works an uncultivated spirit. He not only made paintings but also created bold woodcuts and sculptures and was an avid writer. Gauguin returned to France in 1893, where he was given a solo exhibition by Durand-Ruel that was not particularly successful. He decided to leave Europe again in 1895, moving to Tahiti and later to Hivaoa, a more remote island in the Marquesas. Because he abandoned naturalistic colors and used formal distortions in order to achieve expressive compositions, Gauguin's work became an inspiration for many subsequent artists. 1. Possibly Wildenstein 1964, no. 12.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1848", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-11-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1891, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1891", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:33:03.874000"}, {"id": 153396, "accession_number": "1986.80", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Untitled, 1961. Richard Stankiewicz (American, 1922\u20131983). Welded steel; overall: 170.2 x 91.4 x 86.3 cm (67 x 36 x 34 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Cleveland Society for Contemporary Art in honor of Edward B. Henning and Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1986.80", "current_location": null, "title": "Untitled", "creation_date": "1961", "creation_date_earliest": 1961, "creation_date_latest": 1961, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "welded steel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 170.2 x 91.4 x 86.3 cm (67 x 36 x 34 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.702, "height_inch": 67, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.914, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.863, "depth_inch": 34, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "No Extent Specified": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1986</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 224163, "title": "Miracle in the Scrap Heap:  The Sculpture of Richard Stankiewicz", "description": "<i>Miracle in the Scrap Heap:  The Sculpture of Richard Stankiewicz</i>. Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, MA (organizer) (April 19-July 31, 2003); AXA Gallery, NY (August 13-October 18, 2003); McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, TX (April 15-July 15, 2004); Museu Jean Tinguely, Basel, Switzerland (September 19, 2004-January 16, 2005).", "opening_date": "2003-04-02T00:00:00"}, {"id": 219047, "title": "CMA@MOCA (rotation 2)", "description": "<i>CMA@MOCA (rotation 2)</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 13, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441265, "title": "New York: 1962-1964", "description": "<i>New York: 1962-1964</i>. The Jewish Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (July 22, 2022-January 8, 2023) https://thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/new-york-1962-1964.", "opening_date": "2022-07-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Wadsworth Atheneum, 1984: \"The Tremaine Collection: 20th Century Masters,\" cat. repr. p. 84", "opening_date": "1984-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1987: \"Year in Review 1986,\" Bulletin 74 (February 1987), p. 67, no. 93, repr. p. 56", "opening_date": "1987-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Addison Gallery of American Art (4/19/2003 - 7/31/2003); AXA Gallery, NY (8/13/2003 - 10/18/2003); McNay Art Museum (4/15/2004 - 7/15/2004) and Museum Jean Tinguely (9/1/2004-11/1/2004):  \"Miracle in the Scrap Heap:The Sculpture of Richard Stankiewicz\"  p. 136-137.", "opening_date": "2003-04-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Contemporary Art (1/25/2007 - 5/13/2007):  \"CMA@MOCA\"", "opening_date": "2007-01-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Stable Gallery, New York); The Tremaine Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "An art critic once praised Stankiewicz\u2019s work, describing it as a \u201cmiracle in the scrapheap.\u201d", "description": "Stankiewicz was a virtuoso in creating welded sculpture out of discarded metal, much of which he rescued from junkyards. In this untitled assemblage, three gracefully balanced boiler tanks are carefully counterweighted by pipes and other pieces of scrap. Typical of the artist\u2019s works from this period, its surfaces are enlivened by the scruffy textures and patterns of rust and other forms of corrosion.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780941"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n19/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dezeuze, Anna. <em>Almost Nothing: Observations on Precarious Practices in Contemporary Art.</em> Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2017. p. 47.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47, fig. 13.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.80", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Cleveland Society for Contemporary Art in honor of Edward B. Henning and Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153396, "creators": [{"id": 3965, "description": "Richard Stankiewicz (American, 1922\u20131983)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1922", "death_year": "1983", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-11-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1961, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1961", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:22.694000"}, {"id": 123806, "accession_number": "1944.319", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Staff Head(?), c. 400\u2013700. Colombia or Panama, International style, 5th-8th Century. Cast gold; overall: 8.3 x 7.2 x 2.4 cm (3 1/4 x 2 13/16 x 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.319", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Staff Head(?)", "creation_date": "c. 400\u2013700", "creation_date_earliest": 400, "creation_date_latest": 700, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Colombia or Panama, International style, 5th-8th Century"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 8.3 x 7.2 x 2.4 cm (3 1/4 x 2 13/16 x 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.083, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.072, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.024, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; November 9 1945- January 6 1946.  \"Art of the Americas.\" repr. in catalogue, black and white, p. 42.", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, OH: The Taft Museum; October 6-November 19, 1950.  \"Ancient American Gold&#9;and Jade.\"", "opening_date": "1950-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York,  NY: Museum of Modern Art; January 26-March 26, 1954.  \"Ancient Arts of the Andes.\" exh. cat., repr. in black and white  p. 155, fig. 181.", "opening_date": "1954-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Winnipeg, Canada: Winnipeg Art Gallery Association, Civic Auditorium; April 21-May 19, 1957.  \"Art of the Americas Before Columbus.\" exh. cat. no. 22, listed p. 10, repr in black and white, p. 11.", "opening_date": "1957-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Munich, Germany: Haus der Kunst; October 17-December 12, 1958. Zurich, Switzerland: Kunsthaus; January 1-February 28, 1959. Paris, France: Galerie Charpentine; March 15- May 15, 1959. The Netherlands: The Hague; June 1- July 31, 1959. Circulating exhibition of \"Pre-Columbian Art from Mexico and Central America.\"", "opening_date": "1958-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23- April 3, 1966. \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The two-headed beast that crouches on the top of this object-perhaps a staff finial (head)-holds a human head or perhaps a mask between its paws. The silken surface and simple, elegant design identify the finial as of the International style, so-called because it crossed ancient boundaries and is found in Colombia as well as Costa Rica and Panama.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750952"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.319-staff-head"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"A Gold Staff Head.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, March 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 376", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n71"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 295", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n319"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 295", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n319"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 399", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n419"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.319", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_web.jpg", "width": "1055", "height": "893", "filesize": "462881", "filename": "1944.319_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2879", "filesize": "1730635", "filename": "1944.319_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_full.tif", "width": "4493", "height": "3804", "filesize": "51302028", "filename": "1944.319_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "962", "height": "893", "filesize": "454130"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3156", "filesize": "6590892"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4079", "height": "3787", "filesize": "46372588"}, "date_created": "2011-11-11T16:56:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "279823"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2829", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5298181"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3072", "height": "3692", "filesize": "34061644"}, "date_created": "2011-11-11T18:41:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "851", "height": "893", "filesize": "307166"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3239", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6016534"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3559", "height": "3735", "filesize": "39918012"}, "date_created": "2011-11-11T18:55:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "355679"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1906", "filesize": "1649135"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.319/1944.319_alt3_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1906", "filesize": "8786084"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123806, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 400\u2013700", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Double-Headed Feline Staff Finial", "Double Puma Staff Head"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:22:46.614000"}, {"id": 144967, "accession_number": "1970.161", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Point Judith, Rhode Island, 1867\u201368. Martin Johnson Heade (American, 1819\u20131904). Oil on canvas; framed: 97 x 153.5 x 14 cm (38 3/16 x 60 7/16 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 72.3 x 128 cm (28 7/16 x 50 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund and Gift of Delbert Gutridge in memory of Orrel A. Parker by exchange, 1970.161", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "Point Judith, Rhode Island", "creation_date": "1867\u201368", "creation_date_earliest": 1867, "creation_date_latest": 1868, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 97 x 153.5 x 14 cm (38 3/16 x 60 7/16 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 72.3 x 128 cm (28 7/16 x 50 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.97, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.535, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.14, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.723, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.28, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: M.J. Heade", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, NY, Whitney Museum of American Art, Martin Johnson Heade (10 November - 21 December 1969), not in cat.", "opening_date": "1969-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Year in Review for 1970 (7 February - 10 March 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, NY, Albright-Knox Art Gallery Heritage and Horizon - American Painting 1776 - 1976 (6 March - 11 April 1976); traveled to Detroit, MI, Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May - 13 June 1976); traveled to Toledo, OH, Toledo Museum of Art (4 July - 15 August 1976); traveled to Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September - 10 October 1976); cat. no. 13, ill.", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Visions of Landscape: East and West (17 February - 21 March 1982), no cat.", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, OH, Taft Museum of Art, Night Lights - 19th and 20th Century American Nocturne Paintings (2 May - 30 June 1985), p. 4, ill. p. 10.", "opening_date": "1985-05-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Providence, RI, Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, The Eden of America: Rhode Island Landscapes, 1820 - 1920 (23 January - 27 April 1986), cat. no. 15, ill. p. 35.", "opening_date": "1986-01-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Worth, TX, Amon Carter Museum, Ominous Hush: The Thunderstorm Paintings of Martin Johnson Heade (12 February - 1 May 1994); traveled to Shelburne, VT, Shelburne Museum (4 June - 5 September 1994); traveled to New York, NY, Metropolitan Museum of Art (4 October 1994 - 8 January 1995), cat. no. 5, pl. 6, figs 36-7, p. 29-33.", "opening_date": "1994-02-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hirschl & Adler Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-1970", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "James H. and Adeline [b. 1933] Anderson, consigned to Hirschl & Adler 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 In July 1969, Anderson appears to have consigned the painting to Vose Galleries in Boston; their records mention a painting by Heade, \"Moonlight on the Bay,\" with dimensions almost exactly the same as those of the CMA painting. This is almost certainly the CMA painting, as Theodore Stebbins, author of the Heade catalogue raisonn\u00e9, notes that Heade painted only three moonlit scenes, and that the other two are significantly smaller in size. An inscription on the back of the CMA painting's stretcher reads, \"7.29.69 J.H. Anderson,\" which may refer to the date Vose acquired the painting.&nbsp; However, it apparently failed to sell, and it was returned to Anderson on August 8th.&nbsp; He then consigned it to Hirschl &amp; Adler later that year.</div><div><!--block--><br></div><ul><li><!--block--><br></li></ul>"], "date": "Probably 1969", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Lucy Joseph Harris, Providence and Little Compton, RI, by descent to her daughter and son-in-law, Adeline and James H. Anderson", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953-1969", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Benjamin P. Harris, Jr. [1901-1953], Providence, RI, by descent to his wife, Lucy Joseph Harris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-1953", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mona Elizabeth Tower Harris [1871-1944], Providence, RI, by descent to her son, Benjamin P. Harris, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943=1944", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Benjamin P. Harris, Providence, RI [1873-1943], by descent to his wife, Mona Elizabeth Tower Harris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1922-1943", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Sarah Bullock Harris [1834-1922], Providence, RI, by descent to her son, Benjamin P. Harris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1898-1922", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Thomas Harris [1825-1898], Providence, RI, by descent to his wife, Sarah Bullock Harris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Home to Point Judith, the beach town of Narragansett has its population double during summertime.", "description": "One of only a handful of nocturnal scenes painted by Heade, this evocative painting captures the effects of glimmering moonlight on land, sea, and sky. Although the artist depicts a specific location, his nighttime rendering shrouds most details in shadow, imparting a greater sense of mood than place. Human presence manifests itself through two sailing ships on the left side of the composition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20742561"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.161-point-judith-rhode-i"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Stebbins, Theodore E., Martin Johnson Heade, Janet L. Comey, and Karen E. Quinn. <em>The Life and Work of Martin Johnson Heade: A Critical Analysis and Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27, no. 81", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cLandscape and Light.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 9\u201320.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 13-16, figs. 5-6", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152464"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 229", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n249"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cVisions of Landscape: East and West.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 3 (March 1983): 112\u2013135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 124-126, fig. 21", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159808"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78 - 79", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.161", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.161/1970.161_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "702", "filesize": "502266", "filename": "1970.161_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.161/1970.161_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1891", "filesize": "3705553", "filename": "1970.161_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.161/1970.161_full.tif", "width": "5721", "height": "3183", "filesize": "54662704", "filename": "1970.161_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.161/1970.161_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "701", "filesize": "94587"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.161/1970.161_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1888", "filesize": "877955"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.161/1970.161_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6349", "height": "3527", "filesize": "67202620"}, "date_created": "2012-02-27T20:33:34", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund and Gift of Delbert Gutridge in memory of Orrel A. Parker by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 144967, "creators": [{"id": 2813, "description": "Martin Johnson Heade (American, 1819\u20131904)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1819", "death_year": "1904", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1867, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1867\u201368", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:27:08.592000"}, {"id": 144966, "accession_number": "1970.160", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child with the Young Saint John the Baptist, c. 1490. Sandro Botticelli (Italian, 1444/45\u20131510), and Workshop. Tempera and oil on wood; framed: 115 x 12.5 cm (45 1/4 x 4 15/16 in.); diameter: 68 cm (26 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1970.160", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Virgin and Child with the Young Saint John the Baptist", "creation_date": "c. 1490", "creation_date_earliest": 1485, "creation_date_latest": 1495, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Italy, 15th century"], "technique": "tempera and oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Renaissance", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 115 x 12.5 cm (45 1/4 x 4 15/16 in.); Diameter: 68 cm (26 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.15, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.125, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "diameter": {"width": 0.68, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 675363, "title": "Filippino Lippi and Rome", "description": "<i>Filippino Lippi and Rome</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 26, 2025-February 22, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-11-26T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Possibly Expositions du Palais Bourbon, Paris, 1880s", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Cambridge, Mass., Fogg Art Museum, 1915: \"Loan Exhibition of Italian Paintings.\"", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Robert Hoe III [1839-1909], New York, NY, after his death, held in trust by his estate1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Hoe was a founder and the first president of The Grolier Club in New York City.&nbsp; The circumstances of Hoe\u2019s acquisition of the painting are unknown; The Grolier Club records include copies of Hoe sale catalogues and newspaper articles about his collection, but nothing detailing his acquisitions.&nbsp; The earlier provenance of this painting is unknown, and is complicated by the fact that it has been confused with the provenances of several other paintings.&nbsp; There are three erroneous provenances that have been proposed for the Cleveland picture, as well as an avenue of research being pursued that may reveal the painting\u2019s actual past provenance.&nbsp; 1) There is a suggestion in the CMA curatorial file that the painting was in the \u201cLenclanche\u201d [sic] collection in 1890, as per Mandel\u2019s Botticelli catalogue (p. 100).&nbsp; This is incorrect:&nbsp; Mandel, in fact, notes that a <em>different </em>tondo depicting <em>Madonna and Child with the Young St. John </em>was in the Leclanch\u00e9 collection until c. 1890, and was at the time in the Lanckoronski collection, Vienna.&nbsp; 2) It has been suggested by several sources that the CMA painting was possibly in the Rozi\u00e8re collection and appeared in an exhibition at the Palais du Bourbon in the 1880s.&nbsp; Research revealed that the exhibition in question is in fact the <em>Exposition du Palais Bourbon au profit des Alsaciens-Lorrains</em>, held at the Palais Bourbon in 1874.&nbsp; The exhibition contains four paintings of related subject matter attributed to Botticelli, none of which has Rozi\u00e8re listed as the owner or matches the dimensions of the Cleveland picture.&nbsp; Although Plunkett (<em>Sandro Botticelli, </em>1900), Gebhart (<em>Sandro Botticelli, </em>1907) Ulmann (<em>Sandro Botticelli, </em>1893), and Horne (<em>Alessandro Filipepi, commonly called Sandro Botticelli, painter of Florence</em>, 1908) all include Rozi\u00e8re in the provenance, to date no documentary evidence confirming Rozi\u00e8re\u2019s ownership or his lending it to the Bourbon exhibition has been found.&nbsp; 3) An undated letter, most likely written by someone at Ehrich Galleries, located in the National Gallery Archives was thought, since Ronald Lightbown\u2019s summary of the text was published in his Botticelli catalogue raisonn\u00e9 in 1978, to describe the Cleveland picture: \u201cThis picture comes from the collection of Cardinal Facchinetti, in Gubbio, Umbria; that Cardinal lived in the seventeenth century or a little later\u2026I purchased the picture myself some twenty years ago in Rimini, from the noble Facchinetti, a Judge, a descendant of the Cardinal\u2026I can repeat to you now that that picture was attributed to Filippino Lippi in the old catalogues of the family; and when I once took it out of the frame I found a small ticket on the panel\u2026.bearing the indication, Ridolfo Ghirlandajo; this ticket, written undoubtedly a very long time ago, ought to be there still.&nbsp; Since I bought the picture the many friend-artists and critics who examined it gave as usual different opinions; the names of Lippi, Mainardi, and Botticini have been made\u2026[art historian Giacomo] de Nicola\u2026has come to the conclusion that it may be Botticini\u2019s.\u201d&nbsp; It is unclear why this letter was initially thought to concern the Cleveland picture, but it may be because of the shared Ehrich Galleries connection. However, extensive research revealed that the Ehrich Galleries letter in fact referred to Francesco Botticini\u2019s <em>Assumption of the Virgin, </em>formerly in the Facchinetti collection and attributed to Botticini by Giacomo de Nicola (<em>Old Masters form the Ehrich Galleries</em>, American Art Galleries, Nov. 3, 1927, no. 68).&nbsp; This painting was later in the collection of William Randolph Hearst (<em>Art Objects &amp; Furnishings from the William Randolph Hearst Collection, </em>1941, p. 14, no. 52-37). 4) A somewhat illegible stamp with a coat of arms and some text was discovered on the back of the Cleveland picture.&nbsp; While research into its implications for the painting\u2019s provenance continues, at this point it appears clear that the painting was located in a Torino collection at some point.&nbsp; The coat of arms appears to display the crest of the House of Savoy, but several Torino archives contacted did not recognize this particular stamp.</div>"], "date": "Until 1909", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hoe sale, American Art Association, New York, Feb. 15, 1911, to Arthur Hoe)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1911", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Arthur I. Hoe [1880-1956], Bedford Hills, NY 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 There are two possible ways this painting made its way into the possession of Arthur Hoe, Robert's son, following his father's estate sale.&nbsp; CMA files note, \u201cas sold to A. Haviland but [bought] in,\u201d indicating that while some copies note that Haviland purchased the painting, in fact the painting failed to meet its reserve price and was bought in and eventually returned to Arthur.&nbsp; However, annotated copies of the sale catalogue indicate the buyer was \u201cA.&nbsp; Haviland.\u201d&nbsp; It is possible that&nbsp; Arthur Hoe bought his father's painting back through Haviland, who may have acted as his agent.&nbsp; Furthermore, a letter from Fogg Museum director Edward W. Forbes to Harvard professor of art history Arthur Pope (April 9, 1914) notes that Arthur \"bought the picture back at his father's sale.\"&nbsp; Hoe would later lend the CMA picture to the Fogg from November 1914 to March 1916, when it was likely included in an exhibition of Italian primitive paintings (no catalogue).&nbsp; On March 2, 1916 Hoe informed Forbes that there were several parties interested in purchasing the Botticelli and that he would like to come to Cambridge to retrieve it, much to the dismay of Forbes, who had hoped Hoe would give the painting to the Fogg.</div>"], "date": "1911-at least 1916", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Ehrich Galleries, New York) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->It is unclear when and from whom Ehrich Galleries acquired this painting, as various sources provide differing information.&nbsp; The provenances of paintings in other museum collections include purchases by Ehrich Galleries from Baron Lazzaroni, leading some to suggest that the CMA painting, too, followed this path; however, Mandel and Levey's 1967 Botticelli catalogue raisonn\u00e9 notes that Lazzaroni was the most recent owner, and that Ehrich Galleries acquired it c. 1925. However, Yashiro's 1925 Botticelli catalogue raisonn\u00e9 situates the painting with Lazzaroni, so clearly, it must have left the possession of Ehrich Galleries by some point that year.&nbsp; In his catalogue of 1927, Venturi notes that the painting \"has come from America and more particularly from the Ehrich Collection,\" also suggesting that it was with Ehrich Galleries prior to Lazzaroni who resided in Europe.&nbsp; Furthermore, while no definite connection between Hoe and Ehrich Galleries has been established, it is worth noting that Ehrich Galleries also lent several paintings to the Fogg c. 1915, and so it is possible that Hoe was familiar with the gallery and later sold his his painting to them.&nbsp; A 1918 exhibition at the Ehrich Galleries includes a \"Madonna, Child, and Saint John,\" attributed to the Botticelli School which may or may not be the Cleveland picture.</div><div><!--block--><br></div>"], "date": "Before 1925", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Baron Michele Lazzaroni [1863-1934], Rome 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Lazzaroni, a collector and restorer, certainly owned the Botticelli by 1925, when Yashiro's catalogue raisonn\u00e9 situates the painting in his collection.&nbsp; Lazzaroni died in 1934, although sales of his collection continued to take place through the 1950s, suggesting that works he had owned remained in the possession of family members.&nbsp; A May 6, 1953 Drouot sale of works from the Lazzaroni collection contains \u201cLa Vierge, l\u2019Enfant et Saint Jean dans un paysage\u201d (no. 26) attributed to the Florentine school; there is no buyer information or reproduction.&nbsp; It is a tondo with a diameter of 73 cm; the CMA tondo is 75/76 cm.&nbsp; The Mus\u00e9e Avignon confirmed that their version (75 cm), formerly in the Mus\u00e9e Fabre in Montpellier is closer, was never with Lazzaroni, and so it is possible that the tondo in the Lazzaroni sale may be the CMA picture. &nbsp;</div><div><!--block--><br></div><ul><li><!--block--><br></li></ul>"], "date": "by 1925", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Guglielmo Canessa, Milan, Italy) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 In a letter to art dealer Guglielmo Canessa from 1959 CMA director Sherman Lee writes that he will be visiting Milan and if the painting was \u201cin [Canessa\u2019s] hands,\u201d he would like to see it.&nbsp; It is not clear whether Lee actually saw the painting at this time, or to whom Canessa ultimately sold it.</div>"], "date": "By 1959", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Private collection, Milan 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 According to the invoice from Iolanda d\u2019Antoni, the painting was in a private Milanese collection before she acquired it.&nbsp; Although it is unclear whether Canessa was an owner or dealer in connection with the painting, it is possible that Canessa is the private collector in question.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Before 1970", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Iolanda d'Antoni, Lugano, Switzerland, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1970", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Saint John the Baptist, depicted here as a youth, and the Virgin were both patron saints of Florence.", "description": "The perfectly round form, called a tondo, became popular during the 1440s, especially in Florence. Made for domestic settings instead of churches, the circular format challenged the artist to create a harmonious, balanced composition within this more difficult shape. The attribution has been a matter of debate. Botticelli often collaborated with students, including Filippino Lippi, who would himself become a significant painter. Few specialists have doubted that Botticelli executed the central passages: the delicate modeling of the faces, the graceful poses, the figures\u2019 profound interiority, and the diaphanous veil are the artist\u2019s hallmarks. However, someone else in Botticelli\u2019s studio probably painted Mary\u2019s blue garment, also the most heavily restored part of the painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7934011"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.160-virgin-and-child-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yashiro, Yukio. <em>Sandro Botticelli. </em>London: The Medici Society, 1925.", "page_number": "247", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bettini, Sergio. <em>Botticelli. </em>Bergamo: Istituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche, 1947.", "page_number": "34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levey, Michael, and Gabriele Mandel. <em>The Complete Paintings of Botticelli</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1967.", "page_number": "100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Adolfo. <em>Botticelli. </em>London: A. Zwemmer, 1927.", "page_number": "116", "url": null}, {"citation": "American Art Association. <em>Catalogue of the Valuable Art Property Collected by the Late Robert Hoe of New York</em>. Feb. 15, 1911.", "page_number": null, "url": ""}, {"citation": "Horne, Herbert P. <em>Alessandro Filipepi commonly called Sandro Botticelli: Painter of Florence</em>. London: George Bell &amp; Sons, 1980.", "page_number": "123\u20134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lightbown, Ronald. <em>Sandro Botticelli: Complete Catalogue</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.", "page_number": "124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Edgell, G. H. \u201cThe Loan Exhibition of Italian Paintings in the Fogg Mueum, Cambridge.\u201d <em>Art and Archaeology: An Illustrated Magazine</em> 2, Issue 1 (July, 1915\u2013December, 1915): 11\u201322.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/sim_art-and-archaeology_1915-07_2_1/page/10/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Cleveland museum's painting on this year's Christmas stamp.\" <em>The Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland), October 9, 2008.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "van Marle, Raimond. <em>The Development of the Italian Schools of Paintings </em>XIII. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1931.", "page_number": "171", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Piero Corsini, Inc. <em>Important Old Master Paintings and Discoveries of the Past Year. </em>New York: Corsini, 1986.", "page_number": "13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Olson, Roberta J. M. <em>The Florentine Tondo. </em>Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in The Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wootten, Dick. \"Art Museum solves case of the Botched Botticelli.\" <em>The Cleveland Press </em>(Cleveland), February 20, 1971.", "page_number": "20\u201321", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e Fabre. <em>Catalogue des Peintures et Sculptures Expos\u00e9es dans les Galeries du Mus\u00e9e Fabre de la Ville de Montpellier</em>. Montpellier: Serre et Roume\u0301gous, 1904.", "page_number": "188", "url": "https://archive.org/details/cataloguedespein00muse/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991. Reproduced: p. 71.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gamba, Carlo. <em>Botticelli</em>. Milan: Ulrico Hoepli, 1936.", "page_number": "p. 148, pl. 101", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art.<em>The Art Quarterly</em> 34, Summer (1971): cover, 249.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bo, Carlo and Gabriele Mandel. <em>L'opera completa del Botticelli</em>. Milan: Rizzoli Editore: 1967.", "page_number": "100\u20131", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mesnil, Jacques. <em>Botticelli</em>. Paris: Albin Michel, 1938.", "page_number": "p. 163, pl. LXXXIX", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salvini, Roberto. <em>Tutta la Pittura del Botticelli</em>, Vol. 2. Milan: Rizzoli, 1958.", "page_number": "p. 40, pl. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman et al. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth Verlag GMBH, 1976.", "page_number": "35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tigram. \u201cC'\u00e8 una Crisi dell'Arte in Italia? La Confederazione Naz. Degli Amici dell'Arte. Intervista col Prof. Adolfo Venturi.\u201d <em>Vita Artistica</em> 1, No. 1 (1926): 2\u20133.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433102508532&seq=9"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, 2 (February, 1971): 23\u20135.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25; Reproduced: Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 19, p. 50 - 53; colorplate XI", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n112"}, {"citation": "Dwyer Modestini, Dianne, and Mario Modestini. <em>Masterpieces: Based on a Manuscript by Mario Modestini.</em> Fiesole (Firenze) : Cadmo, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p 363-366; Reproduced: p. 364-365 and plates XXII, XXIII", "url": "https://www.kressconservation.org/Resources/Masterpieces-Memoir/Masterpieces"}, {"citation": "Noelle, Alexander J., and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Filippino Lippi and Rome</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 94-95, no. 2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.160", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "899", "filesize": "339881", "filename": "1970.160_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3396", "filesize": "3616125", "filename": "1970.160_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_full.tif", "width": "9942", "height": "9931", "filesize": "296234408", "filename": "1970.160_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "891", "height": "900", "filesize": "375334"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3366", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4515175"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9805", "height": "9904", "filesize": "291357748"}, "date_created": "2023-05-01T11:23:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "883", "height": "900", "filesize": "384174"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3337", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3900722"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9429", "height": "9607", "filesize": "271786676"}, "date_created": "2023-05-01T09:58:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "915", "height": "893", "filesize": "445784"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3317", "filesize": "4810788"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.160/1970.160_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4198", "height": "4096", "filesize": "51618584"}, "date_created": "2006-08-23T15:51:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144966, "creators": [{"id": 2053, "description": "Sandro Botticelli (Italian, 1444/45\u20131510)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1444", "death_year": "1510", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1485, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1490", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:27:10.863000"}, {"id": 124740, "accession_number": "1946.227", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tunic, c. 300 BCE\u2013200 CE. Peru, South Coast, Paracas (Cavernas) style. Alpaca wool: plain weave with embroidery and warp substitution; overall: 94 x 83.8 cm (37 x 33 in.); mounted: 111.8 x 101.6 cm (44 x 40 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1946.227", "current_location": "232 Andean", "title": "Tunic", "creation_date": "c. 300 BCE\u2013200 CE", "creation_date_earliest": -300, "creation_date_latest": 200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Peru, South Coast, Paracas (Cavernas) style"], "technique": "Alpaca wool: plain weave with embroidery and warp substitution", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Pre-Columbian", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 94 x 83.8 cm (37 x 33 in.); Mounted: 111.8 x 101.6 cm (44 x 40 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.94, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.838, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "mounted": {"height": 1.118, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.016, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 207382, "title": "The Andean Tunic: 200 BCE - 1650 CE", "description": "<i>The Andean Tunic: 200 BCE - 1650 CE</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 8-October 16, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 348348, "title": "Gallery 232- Andean Textile Rotation", "description": "<i>Gallery 232- Andean Textile Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 20, 2013-August 25, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-03-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 343661, "title": "Gallery 232-Andean Textile Rotation", "description": "<i>Gallery 232-Andean Textile Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 28, 2019-November 9, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-08-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 694693, "title": "Ancient Andean Textiles", "description": "<i>Ancient Andean Textiles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 19, 2025-December 13, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Ancient Peruvian Textiles.</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 5, 1941-April 6, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Ancient Arts of the Andes.</em> The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (January 26, 1954-March 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Treasures of Peruvian Gold.</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Emery May Holden Norweb [1895-1984] and Raymond Henry Norweb [1894-1983], Cleveland OH, 1946, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1946", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1946", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Fine textiles were one of the most prestigious commodities in the ancient Andes.", "description": "Brightly dyed wool yarns found in many ancient Peruvian textiles come mainly from alpacas that were domesticated and selectively bred to produce long, soft, lustrous fiber. The finely spun yarns in a broad range of colors as seen on this tunic\u2014well preserved after approximately 2,000 years of burial\u2014attest to the Paracas people\u2019s considerable artistry. A double-headed bird motif appears multiple times throughout the tunic\u2019s design.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778853"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.227-tunic"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 341", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n66"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 297", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n321"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 297", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n321"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 401", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n421"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n23"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 332; Reproduced: P. 320-321", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 26", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n25/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 28", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.227", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_web.jpg", "width": "780", "height": "900", "filesize": "467100", "filename": "1946.227_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1771", "filesize": "2636659", "filename": "1946.227_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1771", "filesize": "8163788", "filename": "1946.227_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "753", "height": "893", "filesize": "640095"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2868", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9976067"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4924", "height": "5836", "filesize": "86246084"}, "date_created": "2011-01-13T15:39:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1233", "height": "893", "filesize": "1126257"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2462", "filesize": "9508279"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6627", "height": "4800", "filesize": "95461596"}, "date_created": "2010-12-29T19:47:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "651158"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "10608103"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.227/1946.227_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99891476"}, "date_created": "2010-12-29T20:03:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jon A. Lindseth and Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Galleries of the Ancient Americas", "athena_id": 124740, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-07-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 300 BCE\u2013200 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Fringed Poncho"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:26:04.506000"}, {"id": 152006, "accession_number": "1984.59", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rocky, Wooded Landscape with a Dell and Weir, c. 1782\u20131783. Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788). Oil on canvas; framed: 89.5 x 110 x 8 cm (35 1/4 x 43 5/16 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 70.5 x 91 cm (27 3/4 x 35 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1984.59", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Rocky, Wooded Landscape with a Dell and Weir", "creation_date": "c. 1782\u20131783", "creation_date_earliest": 1777, "creation_date_latest": 1788, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 89.5 x 110 x 8 cm (35 1/4 x 43 5/16 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 70.5 x 91 cm (27 3/4 x 35 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.895, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.1, "width_inch": 43, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.705, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.91, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1984</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Pictures Illustrative of the Evolution of Painting from the 18th century to the present day,</em> Norwich Castle Museum, Norfolk, United Kingdom (1925).", "opening_date": "1925-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A well-known private collection of the Dutch and early English schools formed during the last 30 years. </em>Agnew's, London, United Kingdom (1915).", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Ipswich, United Kingdom (1927).", "opening_date": "1927-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Sassoon, United Kingdom (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>La Peinture Anglaise XVIII and XIX Siecles</em>. The Louvre Museum, Paris, France (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Madrid, Lisbon,and British Arts Council. (1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Le Paysage Anglais de Gainsborough a Turner. </em>Orangerie des Tuileries, Paris, France (February to April 1953)", "opening_date": "1953-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Prague, National Gallery and Bratislava, National Gallery of Slovakia, British Council, (1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Zwei Jahrhunderte Britischer Maleri: Das grosse Zietalter von hogrth bis Turner</em>, Museum for Volerkunde, Vienna, Austria, British Council,(1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Art-Commerce-Scholarship: A Window onto the Art World: Colnaghi 1760-1984.</em> P &amp; D Colnaghi &amp; Co., LTd, London, United Kingdom ( November 7- December 15, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-11-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "F. Fleischmann (1904), sold to O. Ashscroft", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "O. Ashscroft, Birmingham, United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1904", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Colnaghi, London, United Kingdom, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1984", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1984-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gainsborough collected and was inspired by Dutch landscape painting.", "description": "In a sketchy manner, Gainsborough convincingly singled out the various elements comprising this sweeping landscape\u2014meadow, rocks, trees\u2014by only slightly varying colors and brushstrokes. At the same time, however, a great sense of unity prevails. Although the bulk of Gainsborough's artistic output was portraits, he insisted that landscape was his first love.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475334"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.59-rocky-wooded-landsca"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review for 1984.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXII (April 1985): 163-207.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183, no. 16; Mentioned: p. 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.59", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.59/1984.59_web.jpg", "width": "1166", "height": "893", "filesize": "638460", "filename": "1984.59_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.59/1984.59_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2603", "filesize": "5403198", "filename": "1984.59_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.59/1984.59_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4211", "filesize": "69512736", "filename": "1984.59_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 152006, "creators": [{"id": 1313, "description": "Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-09-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1777, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1782\u20131783", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:45:39.256000"}, {"id": 128056, "accession_number": "1950.8", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Louis XV Savonnerie Carpet with Royal Arms, c. 1740\u201350. Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627), Pierre Josse Perrot (French). Savonnerie knotted pile (symmetrical ruf knot), wool, hemp; overall: 546 x 615.6 cm (214 15/16 x 242 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1950.8", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Louis XV Savonnerie Carpet with Royal Arms", "creation_date": "c. 1740\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Savonnerie knotted pile (symmetrical ruf knot), wool, hemp", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Carpet", "measurements": "Overall: 546 x 615.6 cm (214 15/16 x 242 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 5.46, "height_inch": 214, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 6.156, "width_inch": 242, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Gallery 216 textile rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 28, 2008-present).", "opening_date": "2008-05-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "made for Louis XV to present to Stanislaus of Poland (1677-1766), the son of Raphael Leczinsky, Grand Treasurer of Poland.  When Charles XII of Sweden dethroned August II, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, Stanislaus was elected King of Poland in 1705; the result of the Battle of Pultowa obliged him to abdicate, and he lived afterwards in the Castle of Nancy, France, where is seems likely this carpet was placed.  (A. & R. Ball, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This spectacular carpet, one of three with this royal pattern, was originally designed for Louis XV\u2019s dining room at chateau La Muette by the prominent Savonnerie artist Pierre-Josse Perrot in 1735. The royal arms of France on the orb are topped by a crown with eagle\u2019s wings. Cornucopia issue from corner pieces that alternate with military trophies. The lively artistic style was simplified for faster weaving and a brown ground was used to heighten the brilliant colors.The Savonnerie factory was founded in the early 1600s to create French versions of Oriental carpets, whose import had created a drain on the economy. The technique, copying Turkish carpets, has wool pile formed with symmetrical rug-knots, wool warps, and hemp wefts.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761525"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.8-louis-xv-savonnerie"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 290", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n58"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n199"}, {"citation": "Langeois, David, Daniel Alcouffe, and Sandrine Riahi. <em>Quelques chefs-d'oeuvre de la collection Djahanguir Riahi: ameublement franc\u0327ais du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle</em>. [Milano]: Franco Maria Ricci, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 170-171", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 368-369", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.8", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.8/1950.8_web.jpg", "width": "1212", "height": "893", "filesize": "996877", "filename": "1950.8_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.8/1950.8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2506", "filesize": "6618909", "filename": "1950.8_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.8/1950.8_full.tif", "width": "4151", "height": "3059", "filesize": "38142208", "filename": "1950.8_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128056, "creators": [{"id": 11823, "description": "Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 33373, "description": "Pierre Josse Perrot (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designed by", "biography": "worked at Savonnerie from 1725 to 1750.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-01-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740\u201350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Carpet"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:36:28.635000"}, {"id": 160742, "accession_number": "1998.79", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Statue of Amitabha (\uae08\ub3d9\uc5ec\ub798\uc785\uc0c1 [\uf90a\u9285\u5982\u4f86\uf9f7\u50cf]), 800s. Korea, Unified Silla period (676-935). Gilt bronze; overall: 22.5 x 7.2 x 7.2 cm (8 7/8 x 2 13/16 x 2 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1998.79", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Statue of Amitabha", "title_in_original_language": "\uae08\ub3d9\uc5ec\ub798\uc785\uc0c1 [\uf90a\u9285\u5982\u4f86\uf9f7\u50cf]", "creation_date": "800s", "creation_date_earliest": 800, "creation_date_latest": 899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Unified Silla period (676-935)"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 22.5 x 7.2 x 7.2 cm (8 7/8 x 2 13/16 x 2 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.225, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.072, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.072, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(London Gallery, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Small statues like this work were designed to be portable, rather than to be permanently housed in a Buddhist temple.", "description": "This small sculpture shows Amitabha, the Buddha of the Western Paradise and the focus of the Pure Land sect of Buddhism, which was popular across East Asia, including Korea. This deity is recognizable from its right hand raised palm out in a gesture that reassures viewers to have no fear.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79982427"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1998.79-statue-of-amitabha"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gwak, Dong-seok. <em>Hanguk ui geumdongbul </em>[\ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uae08\ub3d9\ubd88] . Seoul: Dareun sesang, 2016.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nelson, Sarah. <em>Gyeongju: The Capital of Golden Silla</em>. Routledge, 2019.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kang, U-bang. <em>Hangung bulgyo jogang ui heureum </em>[\ud55c\uad6d \ubd88\uad50 \uc870\uac01 \uc758 \ud750\ub984]. Soeul: Daewonsa, 1995.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, So-young, and Denise Patry Leidy. <em>Silla: Korea's Golden Kingdom</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces of Early Buddhist Sculpture</em> [\uace0\ub300\ubd88\uad50\uc870\uac01\ub300\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2015.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 140-141, no. 98", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.79", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_web.jpg", "width": "627", "height": "893", "filesize": "47081", "filename": "1998.79_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_print.jpg", "width": "2387", "height": "3400", "filesize": "601955", "filename": "1998.79_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_full.tif", "width": "4245", "height": "6046", "filesize": "77025088", "filename": "1998.79_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "893", "filesize": "49268"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2516", "height": "3400", "filesize": "645742"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4153", "height": "5611", "filesize": "69935776"}, "date_created": "2012-04-18T13:34:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "587", "height": "893", "filesize": "39145"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2236", "height": "3400", "filesize": "517905"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3791", "height": "5762", "filesize": "65558964"}, "date_created": "2012-04-18T13:47:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "893", "filesize": "45192"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2361", "height": "3400", "filesize": "595578"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4043", "height": "5822", "filesize": "70641364"}, "date_created": "2012-04-18T14:06:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "583", "height": "893", "filesize": "38661"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2218", "height": "3400", "filesize": "510867"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3842", "height": "5887", "filesize": "67878368"}, "date_created": "2012-04-18T14:01:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "585", "height": "893", "filesize": "47493"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2229", "height": "3400", "filesize": "637134"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3830", "height": "5840", "filesize": "67127708"}, "date_created": "2012-04-18T13:55:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "534", "height": "893", "filesize": "275433"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2033", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4330249"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.79/1998.79_alt5_full.tif", "width": "2990", "height": "5000", "filesize": "44870180"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160742, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-06-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Amit'a"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:21:15.551000"}, {"id": 168194, "accession_number": "2009.81", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Peter of Alc\u00e1ntara, c. 1663\u201370. Pedro de Mena (Spanish, 1628\u20131688), and Workshop. Painted wood, with ivory and glass; overall: 72.2 x 32 x 32 cm (28 7/16 x 12 5/8 x 12 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2009.81", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Saint Peter of Alc\u00e1ntara", "creation_date": "c. 1663\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1628, "creation_date_latest": 1675, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "painted wood, with ivory and glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 72.2 x 32 x 32 cm (28 7/16 x 12 5/8 x 12 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.722, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.32, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.32, "depth_inch": 12, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "By repute Alameda de Osu\u00f1a Palace, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1800s", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Bauer Collection, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ignacio Zuloaga (1870-1945), Madrid, Spain, sold or gifted to a Private Collector", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Spanish Private Collector, through inheritance passed down generations, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Peter of Alcantara was so dedicated to his work he slept only 90 minutes a night--he's the patron saint of night watchmen!", "description": "Painted wood sculpture from Spain in the 1600s involved a team of artisans working under a lead sculptor. The sculptor first carved numerous pieces of wood in complex forms. So the paint would stick properly, these fragments were delicately covered in gesso (a combination of white chalk and glue made from animal collagen), preserving the subtle woodcarving underneath. The rough surface of the saint's face\u2014reflecting his age and hardships\u2014came from texturing the gesso with a brush. The glass eyes, probably imported from Venice, were inserted from behind the face before the wood pieces were attached. Finally, the eyelashes were added for a further touch of realism. A painter created the appearance of coarse sackcloth in a distinctive style, with yellow strokes rising off the surface. Smoother brushstrokes form the flesh tones, even revealing the saint's five-o'clock shadow. Unlike other kinds of painting, sculpture from southern Spain at this time was usually not covered in varnish; sculptors prized the unvarnished paint for its realistic effect, although it makes the surface exceptionally delicate and susceptible to dust and dirt, which more easily sticks to the surface.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746176"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.81-saint-peter-of-alcan"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mann, C. Griffith. \u201cAcquisitions 2009.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 50, no. 2 (March/April 2010): 12-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 19", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-02/page/n17/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 206-7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 190", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bray, Xavier, Jose\u0301 Luis Romero Torres and Michel Polfer. <em>Pedro De Mena: The Spanish Bernini</em>. Lichtervelde: Kannibaal bvba/ Hannibal, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 10, fig. 1; p. 224, fig.145", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.81", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_web.jpg", "width": "558", "height": "893", "filesize": "279533", "filename": "2009.81_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_print.jpg", "width": "2126", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4306474", "filename": "2009.81_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_full.tif", "width": "3758", "height": "6009", "filesize": "67777968", "filename": "2009.81_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "893", "filesize": "276585"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2128", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4259205"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3851", "height": "6153", "filesize": "71118200"}, "date_created": "2009-07-07T13:55:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "556", "height": "893", "filesize": "275602"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2118", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4213098"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3768", "height": "6050", "filesize": "68421636"}, "date_created": "2009-07-07T14:08:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "556", "height": "893", "filesize": "268619"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2116", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4153087"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3613", "height": "5806", "filesize": "62963260"}, "date_created": "2009-07-07T14:16:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "504", "height": "893", "filesize": "250472"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1919", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3814030"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3383", "height": "5994", "filesize": "60864980"}, "date_created": "2009-07-07T14:22:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "529", "height": "893", "filesize": "287450"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2014", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4533526"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3539", "height": "5973", "filesize": "63447356"}, "date_created": "2009-07-07T14:29:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "988", "height": "893", "filesize": "474873"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3073", "filesize": "5063063"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5524", "height": "4992", "filesize": "82761556"}, "date_created": "2009-07-07T14:50:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "805", "height": "893", "filesize": "398834"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3066", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5402730"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4204", "height": "4662", "filesize": "58831108"}, "date_created": "2009-07-07T14:57:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "1030", "height": "893", "filesize": "419395"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2948", "filesize": "4363752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.81/2009.81_alt7_full.tif", "width": "5758", "height": "4992", "filesize": "86264732"}, "date_created": "2009-07-07T15:07:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 168194, "creators": [{"id": 58428, "description": "Pedro de Mena (Spanish, 1628\u20131688)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1628", "death_year": "1688", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-06-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1628, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1663\u201370", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:39:22.192000"}, {"id": 117766, "accession_number": "1938.387", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Young Woman Buying a Pink from a Young Man, c. 1740. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Black crayon (wetted and rubbed) heightened with white chalk on faded blue paper; sheet: 42.7 x 54.9 cm (16 13/16 x 21 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.387", "current_location": null, "title": "A Young Woman Buying a Pink from a Young Man", "creation_date": "c. 1740", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "black crayon (wetted and rubbed) heightened with white chalk on faded blue paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper (faded to green-gray)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 42.7 x 54.9 cm (16 13/16 x 21 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.427, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.549, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356654, "title": "Italian Drawings, 1330-1780", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings, 1330-1780</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (December 1-20, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356657, "title": "Life in Eighteenth Century Venice", "description": "<i>Life in Eighteenth Century Venice</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (April 20-June 15, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356660, "title": "Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century", "description": "<i>Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century</i>. Indianapolis Museum of Art; The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (September 30-November 2, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-09-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361348, "title": "Mozart and the Age of Reason", "description": "<i>Mozart and the Age of Reason</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 15-February 29, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "<i>Aspects of Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>18th Century Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356669, "title": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition", "description": "<i>Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (November 20, 1983-February 26, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356672, "title": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century", "description": "<i>The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 15-December 14, 1994); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 29-April 23, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "<i>Imagination in the Age of Reason</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibition of eighteenth-century Italian Painting held in Venice, 1929 (no. 47).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, Ohio, Dudley P. Allen Memorial Art Museum, \"Twenty-Four Eighteenth Century French and Italian Drawings,\" Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin 8 (Jan. 4-31, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-01-04T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Italico Brass [1870-1943], Venice, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nov. 1938.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The flower the woman in this drawing plucks from the bouquet\u2014a \u201cpink\u201d\u2014was associated with marriage and love in 18th-century Europe.", "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta was celebrated for his finished drawings of saints, portraits, and <em>teste di carattere </em>(character heads). Cleveland\u2019s sheet belongs to the latter genre, which describes portraits embellished with props to suggest a character type or types. Here, Piazzetta united three independent studies of individuals into a single scene, in which a young woman appears to purchase a pink\u2014a type of flower related to the carnation\u2014from a boy with a second young woman looking on.The image bristles with tantalizing narrative potential, but it is left to the viewer to interpret the scene as they wish. Drawings of this size and quality of finish were displayed on walls like paintings, rather than stored in portfolios, with the unfortunate consequence that the Venetian blue paper often faded to a grayish-tan as here. However, the virtuosity of Piazzetta\u2019s technique endures on this sheet. His method of modeling\u2014wetting and rubbing his black crayon rather than hatching\u2014produces the density of tone and velvety shadow. Textural details are supplied by white chalk, evoking the silky weave of the boy\u2019s shirt and the hard substance of the figures\u2019 fingernails. Piazzetta's drawings were in high demand among affluent foreign visitors and helped to supplement his income.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80012471"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.387-a-young-woman-buying"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Shaw, James Byam. \u201cVenice: Piazzetta at S. Giorgio Maggiore.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>125, no. 969 (December 1983).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 786 n.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rava, Aldo. <em>G.B. Piazzetta</em>. Firenze: Fratelli Alinari, 1921.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiocco, Giuseppe. \u201cLa Peinture \u00e0 l\u2019Exposition du XVIIIe Si\u00e8cle \u00e0 Venise.\u201d <em>La Renaissance</em> 12, no. 12 (December 1929).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 565", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ojetti, Ugo et al. <em>Il Settecento Italiano.</em> Milan: Fratelli Treves Editori, 1932.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 244", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. <em>L\u2019Arte di Giovanni Battista Piazzetta</em>. Bologna: Giuseppe Maylender Editore, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 58, 100, fig. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cCleveland: A Museum\u2019s New Acquisitions.\u201d <em>The Art News</em> 38, no. 40 (1940): 13-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Drawings by Piazzetta.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 27, no. 7 (1940): 108-109.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 108-109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith College, and Ruth Wedgwood Kennedy. <em>Italian Drawing, 1330-1780, Smith College Museum of Art</em>. Northampton, MA: Press-work by A. Wilson, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goering, Max. \u201cGiovanni Battista Piazzetta als Zeichner.\u201d <em>Pantheon</em> 14, no. 11 (November 1941): 259-263.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 261-263", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mongan, Agnes. \u201cItalian Drawings 1330-1780: an Exhibition at the Smith College Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 24, no. 1 (March 1942): 92-94.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. <em>Giovanni Battista PIazzetta, con cinquantasei tavole</em>. Rome: Tumminelli, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 22, pl. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto. <em>Venetian Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in America</em>. New York: H. Bittner and Company, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 29, no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. <em>European Master Drawings in the United States</em>. New York: J.J. Augustin Publishers, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 172-73, no. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fogg Museum of Art. <em>Venice in the Eighteenth Century (May 7- June 10, 1948)</em>. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cL\u2019arte Italiana nel Museo di Cleveland.\u201d <em>Le Vie del Mondo</em> 12, no. 9 (September 1950): 897-908.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 908", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Detroit Institute of Arts, John Herron Art Museum, Indianapolis, and E.P. Richardson. <em>Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of Venice and the Eighteenth Century.</em> Detroit: The Detroit Institute of Arts, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 44, fig. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \u201cUna Mostra del Settecento Veneziano a Detroit.\u201d <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista Trimestrale di Storia dell\u2019Arte</em> 25 (1953).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 572", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n107"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n167"}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \u201cTreasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d<em> Art in America</em> 24, no.3 (May-June 1966).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 23, 28.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n167"}, {"citation": "Precerutti-Garberi, Mercedes. <em>Giambattista Piazzetta e l\u2019accademia: disegni. </em>Milan: Castello Sforzesco, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, 23 under nos. 1 and 2, 28 under no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bean, Jacob and Felice Stampfle. <em>Drawings from New York Collections III: The Eighteenth Century in Italy</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, Pierpont Morgan Library, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34 under no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n162"}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo and Adriano Mariuz. <em>L\u2019opera completa del Piazzetta</em>. Milan: Rizzoli Editore, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 131, 133, no.d12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knox, George, and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. <em>Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition of Drawings, Prints, and Books</em>. 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10, 30, 37, 126, 134, cat. no. 51, Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo et al. <em>Giambattista Piazzetta: Il suo tempo, la sua scuola. </em>Venice: Marsilio Editori, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 134, under no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Alessandro Bettagno, and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. <em>G.B. Piazzetta: disegni, incisioni, libri, manoscritti</em>. Vicenza: Pozza, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25, under no. 16, p. 30, under no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wallraf-Richartz-Museum and Uwe Westfehling. <em>Meisterzeichnungen von Leonardo bis zu Rodin</em>. Cologne: Museen der Stadt Ko\u0308ln, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1991</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, John Russell, and Evan H. Turner. <em>Masterpieces from East and West. </em>New York: Rizzoli, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 126.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. <em>The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century</em>. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no 65, p. 145, 147, 474", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alpers, Svetlana. \u201cPost-Genius Venice.\u201d <em>Art in America</em>, March 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66.", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Gallery of Art. <em>1995 Annual Report. </em>Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Romanelli, Giandomenico and Filippo Pedrocco.<em> Lorenzo Tiepolo e il suo tempo.</em> (Milan: Electa, 1997).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 21, p. 4, pp. 62-62, p. 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, <em>Annual Report 2000, </em>2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82.", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Pallucchini D12", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.387", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.387/1938.387_web.jpg", "width": "1138", "height": "893", "filesize": "842366", "filename": "1938.387_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.387/1938.387_print.jpg", "width": "1957", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2555529", "filename": "1938.387_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.387/1938.387_full.tif", "width": "1957", "height": "1536", "filesize": "9021108", "filename": "1938.387_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117766, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Il fiorellin d'Amore (Little flower of love)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:05:58.555000"}, {"id": 123432, "accession_number": "1943.658", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bahram Gur Arrives at the House of a Merchant, text page (recto); Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon (verso), from a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), known as the Great Mongol Shahnama, 1330\u201335. Iran, Tabriz, Ilkhanid period (1256-1353). Opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper; sheet: 45.8 x 34.4 cm (18 1/16 x 13 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1943.658", "current_location": null, "title": "Bahram Gur Arrives at the House of a Merchant, text page (recto); Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon (verso), from a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), known as the Great Mongol Shahnama", "creation_date": "1330\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1330, "creation_date_latest": 1335, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Tabriz, Ilkhanid period (1256-1353)"], "technique": "opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Sheet: 45.8 x 34.4 cm (18 1/16 x 13 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.458, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.344, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Script: Naskh", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "Title heading, in gold outlined in black on a ground with red dots: \"Bahram-e Gur kills the dragon.\"", "inscription_remark": "The relevant couplet is the last one on the penultimate line before the image (line 9): \"He then pulled out a dagger and tore out its chest.\"", "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312146, "title": "Islamic Art", "description": "<i>Islamic Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1944-February 2, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-11-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355703, "title": "Persian Decorative Art", "description": "<i>Persian Decorative Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 15-March 16, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355730, "title": "The World of Miniature Painting", "description": "<i>The World of Miniature Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 20-November 10, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-09-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 700743, "title": "Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (December 19, 1955-February 19, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701409, "title": "Exhibition of Persian Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Persian Art</i>. Italian Institute for the Middle and Far East, Rome, Italy (organizer) (May 31-September 30, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 374836, "title": "Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest", "description": "<i>Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest</i>. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (organizer) (April 9-May 17, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518751, "title": "The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran", "description": "<i>The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (October 19, 1961-January 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519268, "title": "Muslim Miniature Paintings", "description": "<i>Muslim Miniature Paintings</i>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy, Venezia, Italy (organizer) (September 1-October 31, 1962); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 4, 1962-February 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 517994, "title": "The Classical Style in Islamic Painting", "description": "<i>The Classical Style in Islamic Painting</i>. The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 1, 1968-January 4, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443710, "title": "Persian Miniature Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Persian Miniature Manuscripts</i>. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 206288, "title": "The Legacy of Genghis Khan:  Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353", "description": "<i>The Legacy of Genghis Khan:  Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 28, 2002-February 16, 2003); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (April 13-July 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 380961, "title": "Islamic art rotation", "description": "<i>Islamic art rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 2013-December 15, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-12-16T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Persian Art</em>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (January 7-February 28, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination.</em> Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (October 9, 1933-January 7, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-10-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Persian Art</em>. Iranian Institute, New York, NY (1940).", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Persian Art</em>. Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Rome, Italy (May-October 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>7000 Ans d'art en Iran</em>. Petit Palais, Paris, France (October-November 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Muslim Miniature Paintings from American Collections</em>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy; Asia House, New York, NY (September 1962-February 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Imperial Images in Persian Painting</em>. The Scottish Arts Council, Edinburgh, Scotland (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic Gallery Rotation (gallery 116)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 30, 2018\u2013January 4, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-10-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Georges Demotte [1877\u20131923], New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1910\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mr. E. Wells, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Listed as lent by Mr. E. Wells, New York, cat. no. 433 in Watson, Arnold Talbot. <em>Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Persian Art; Patrons: His Majesty the King, His Majesty Riza\u0304 Sha\u0304h Pahlavi. 7th January to 28th February, 1931, Royal Academy of Arts, London</em>. 1st ed. London: Office of the Exhibition [Printed by Gee &amp; Co.], 1931.</div>"], "date": "? by 1931\u2013? by 1933", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers [1867\u20131943], New York, NY, consigned to Parke-Bernet for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Listed as lent by Mrs. Rainey Rogers, fig. 11, in Dimand, Maurice Sven. <em>A Guide to an Exhibition of Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1933.<br><br>Listed as collection of Mrs. Rainey Rogers, no. 49, p. 110, in Brian, Doris. \u201cA Reconstruction of the Miniature Cycle in the Demotte \u2018Shah Namah.\u2019\u201d <em>Ars Islamica</em> 6, no. 2 (1939): 97\u2013112.</div>"], "date": "? by 1933\u20131943", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, NY, November 18\u201320, 1943 sale)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November 18\u201320, 1943", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The <em>Shahnama</em> is an epic poem that traces the fortunes of heroes and kings, of lovers and enemies.", "description": "In this intense painting, Bahram Gur plunges his sword into the breast of a dragon. A favorite character from Iran's pre-Islamic history, Bahram Gur (reigned 420\u201338 CE) was a popular ruler of the Sasanian dynasty and a great hunter. He took the name \"Gur,\" meaning <em>onager </em>(a wild ass), because it was his preferred game, although he also excelled at killing dragons. <br><br>As evidenced by this illustration's rock formations, tree trunk, and dragon, Iranian painting in the Mongol period borrowed numerous stylistic and spatial elements from Chinese models. With the surging landscape and writhing dragon rendered with equal energy, this is a picture of extraordinary unity and concentration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900635"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.658-bahram-gur-arrives-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Watson, Arnold Talbot. <em>Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Persian Art; Patrons: His Majesty the King, His Majesty Riza\u0304 Sha\u0304h Pahlavi. 7th January to 28th February, 1931, Royal Academy of Arts, London</em>. 1st ed. London: Office of the Exhibition [Printed by Gee &amp; Co.], 1931.", "page_number": "no. 433", "url": null}, {"citation": "Erdman, Kurt. \"La Mostra d'arte Persiana a Londra.\"<em> Dedalo</em> XI (April 1931).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 826, fig. 822", "url": null}, {"citation": "Binyon, Laurence, Basil Gray, and J. V. S. Wilkinson. <em>Persian Miniature Painting. Including a Critical and Descriptive Catalogue of the Miniatures Exhibited at Burlington House, January-March, 1931</em>. London: Oxford University Press, 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 29f, pl. XXIVA", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dimand, Maurice Sven. <em>A Guide to an Exhibition of Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1933.", "page_number": "fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lorey, E. de. \"L'Ecole de Tabriz.\" <em>Revue des Arts Asiatiques</em> I (1935).", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. XIVa", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kuhnel, E. \"History of Miniature Painting and Drawing.\" In <em>A Survey of Persian Art from Prehistoric Times to the Present.</em> Editors Arthur Upham Pope, Phyllis Ackerman, and Theodore Bestermann. London: Oxford University Press, 1938\u201339.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. III, pp. 1835\u20131836; Reproduced: vol. V, pl. 839", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Eric. \u201cAhmed Musa and Shams Al-D\u012bn: A Review of Fourteenth Century Painting.\u201d <em>Ars Islamica</em> 6, no. 2 (1939): 113\u2013142.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 132\u2013133", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/4515521"}, {"citation": "Brian, Doris. \u201cA Reconstruction of the Miniature Cycle in the Demotte \u2018Shah Namah.\u2019\u201d <em>Ars Islamica</em> 6, no. 2 (1939): 97\u2013112.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110, no. 49", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/4515520"}, {"citation": "Ackerman, Phyllis. <em>Guide to the Exhibition of Persian Art : ... New York, 1940</em>. New York: The Iranian Institute, 1940.", "page_number": "p. 246", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parke-Bernet Galleries. <em>French XVIII Century Furniture, Paintings, Drawings, Etc., Collection of Grace Rainey Rogers 1943/11/18-20</em>. NY: [Parke-Bernet galleries, Inc., auctioneers], 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 418, pp. 140\u2013141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/notablefrenchfur00park/page/140/mode/2up?view=theater"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"Bahr\u0101m G\u016br Slays a Dragon.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>32, no. 6 (June 1945): 85\u201386.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85; Reproduced: p. 89", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141210"}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy. \"A Persian Velvet of the Sh\u0101h \u1e6cahm\u0101sp Period.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>36, no. 4 (April 1949): 46-49, 53.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141546"}, {"citation": "Dimand, M.S [Maurice Sven]. \"An Exhibition of Islamic and Indian Paintings.\" <em>Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art</em> XIV, no. 4 (Dec. 1955): 85\u2013102.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86; Reproduced: p. 88", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3257647"}, {"citation": "Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Roma). M<em>ostra D'arte Iranica: Catalogo, Palazzo Brancaccio, Roma, Giugno-Agosto 1956</em> [= Exhibition of Iranian Art: Catalogue, Palazzo Brancaccio, Roma, June-August 1956]. Milano: Silvana editoriale d'arte, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 497, pl. LXXIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 720", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n131"}, {"citation": "<em>Persian Art Before And After the Mongol Conquest.: [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959. the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor</em>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 148, p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg. <em>Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959, the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor</em>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sept mille ans d'art en Iran: [exposition], Petit Palais, octobre 1961-janvier 1962</em>. Paris: Petit Palais, 1962.", "page_number": "no. 1071, p. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n245"}, {"citation": "Grube, Ernst J. <em>The Classical Style in Islamic Painting: The Early School of Herat and Its Impact on Islamic Painting of the Later 15th, the 16th and 17th Centuries: Some Examples in American Collections</em>. Germany: Edizioni Oriens, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 11, p. 185", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n245"}, {"citation": "Welch, Stuart Cary. <em>A King\u2019s Book of Kings: The Shah-Nameh of Shah Tahmasp</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 39\u201341, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. <em>Imperial Images of Persian Painting: A Scottish Arts Council Exhibition</em>. Edinburgh: Scottish Arts Council Gallery, 1977.", "page_number": "no. 193e", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 278", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n298"}, {"citation": "Rosenzweig, Daphne Lange. \"Stalking the Persian Dragon: Chinese Prototypes for Miniature Representations.\" <em>Kunst des Orients</em> XII 1/2 (1978\u20131979), pp. 151\u2013176.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg, and Sheila Blair. <em>Epic Images and Contemporary History: The Illustrations of the Great Mongol Shahnama</em>. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 154\u2013155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dickson, Martin Bernard, and Stuart Cary Welch. <em>The Houghton Shahnameh</em>. Cambridge, MA: Published for the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, by Harvard University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 20\u201322; Reproduced: p. 20, fig. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Williams, Marjorie. \"Dragons, Porcelains and Demons: Cultural Exchange Between China and Persia.\" <em>Orientations</em> vol. 18 no. 8 (August 1986).", "page_number": "p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferrier, R. W, editor. <em>The Arts of Persia</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lentz, Thomas W., Glenn D. Lowry, and Gerlach Collection. <em>Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century</em>. Los Angeles, Washington, DC: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 53, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni, eds. <em>The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press [distributor], 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat no. 56, p. 257, fig. 187, p. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curatola, Giovanni, and Gianroberto Scarcia.<em> Iran: l'arte persiana</em>. Milano: Jaca Book, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig.162, pp. 198\u2013199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curatola, Giovanni, and Gianroberto Scarcia. <em>Iran: l'arte persiana</em>. Milano: Jaca Book, 2004.", "page_number": "pp. 198\u2013199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hagedorn, Annette, and Norbert Wolf.<em> Islamic Art.</em> Hong Kong: Taschen, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 16, p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. \"Color in the Great Mongol Shahnama.\" In<em> Manuscripts in the Making: Art &amp; Science.</em> Stella Panayotova and Paola Ricciardi. London; Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 217; ill. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coffey, Heather. \"Collapsing Geography and Orientalizing Pigment in a Fourteenth-Century Chromoshpere: Italian Painting and Ilkhanid Ceramics.\" In <em>The Seas and the Mobility of Islamic Art. </em>Radha Dalal, Sean E. Roberts, and Jochen A. Sokoly eds., 38\u201353. Biennial Hamad bin Khalifa Symposium on Islamic Art and Culture, 2021. New Haven: Yale University Press; [Ar-Rayyan, Qatar]: in association with Qatar Foundation; [Richmond, Virginia]: Virginia Commonwealth University; [Education City, Doha, Qatar]: and Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts in Qatar, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 47, fig. 2.5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. <em>The Great Mongol Shahnama</em>. London, Washington, DC, New Haven, CT: Hali Publications Ltd.; Freer Gallery of Art: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, the Smithsonian\u2019s National Museum of Asian Art; Published in association with Yale University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: painting 49", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.658", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658/1943.658_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "592", "filesize": "309204", "filename": "1943.658_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658/1943.658_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2235", "filesize": "4133605", "filename": "1943.658_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658/1943.658_full.tif", "width": "18796", "height": "12354", "filesize": "696648100", "filename": "1943.658_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658/1943.658_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "596", "filesize": "352448"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658/1943.658_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2252", "filesize": "3743442"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658/1943.658_alt0_full.tif", "width": "20235", "height": "13402", "filesize": "813596032"}, "date_created": "2019-04-24T20:06:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658/1943.658_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "278992"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658/1943.658_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3103604"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658/1943.658_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4826", "height": "6444", "filesize": "93324312"}, "date_created": "2009-07-15T15:29:03", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123432, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1330, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1330\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bahram Gur Arrives at the House of a Merchant: Illustration from the \"Demotte\" Shahnama of Firdawsi (recto); Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon, from The Shahnama by Firdawsi, known as the Demotte Shahnama (verso)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:21:05.266000"}, {"id": 129221, "accession_number": "1952.113", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Laundress, 1888. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French, 1864\u20131901). Black and gray wash with white paint, scratched away in places, on gray cardboard prepared with white ground; sheet: 75.9 x 63.1 cm (29 7/8 x 24 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1952.113", "current_location": null, "title": "The Laundress", "creation_date": "1888", "creation_date_earliest": 1888, "creation_date_latest": 1888, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "black and gray wash with white paint, scratched away in places, on gray cardboard prepared with white ground", "support_materials": [{"description": "gray cardboard prepared with a white ground", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 75.9 x 63.1 cm (29 7/8 x 24 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.759, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.631, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in brush and ink and black crayon: T-Lautrec; inscribed, on verso, upper center, in graphite: M", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361398, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec: Exhibition Organized in Collaboration with the Albi Museum", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec: Exhibition Organized in Collaboration with the Albi Museum</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art (organizer) (October 29-December 11, 1955); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (January 2-February 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-10-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360866, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters and Lithographs", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters and Lithographs</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 20-May 6, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519406, "title": "French Drawings of the 1800's", "description": "<i>French Drawings of the 1800's</i>. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (organizer) (April 22-May 29, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361400, "title": "A Generation of Draughtsmen", "description": "<i>A Generation of Draughtsmen</i>. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (organizer) (April 25-May 29, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361401, "title": "Toulouse-Lautrec", "description": "<i>Toulouse-Lautrec</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (February 7-March 14, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361386, "title": "19th and 20th Century Drawings", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 19-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361402, "title": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1864-1901", "description": "<i>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1864-1901</i>. MAK, the \u00d6sterreichisches Museum f\u00fcr angewandte Kunst/Gegenwartskunst, Vienna, Austria (organizer).", "opening_date": "1966-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 516254, "title": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec", "description": "<i>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</i>. MAK, the \u00d6sterreichisches Museum f\u00fcr angewandte Kunst/Gegenwartskunst, Vienna, Austria (June 2-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302152, "title": "The Vocabulary of Prints", "description": "<i>The Vocabulary of Prints</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 29-December 31, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361399, "title": "Vincent van Gogh and the Birth of Cloisonism", "description": "<i>Vincent van Gogh and the Birth of Cloisonism</i>. Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (January 24-March 22, 1981); Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (April 9-June 14, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200460, "title": "Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 20, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 371563, "title": "Degas and the Laundress: Women, Work, and Impressionism", "description": "<i>Degas and the Laundress: Women, Work, and Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 8, 2023-January 14, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-10-08T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1864\u20131901</em>. \u00d6sterreichisches Museum f\u00fcr Angewandte Kunst, Vienna (June\u2013July 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-07-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Roger Marx [1859\u20131913], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Marx's stamp (not in Lugt) was on an old backing board, now lost, recorded in CMA files.</div>"], "date": "?-1914", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(his sale, Galerie Manzi-Joyant, Paris, May 11\u201312, 1914, no. 222, sold to Simon Oppenheimer)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Sold for 7,000 F, according to annotated sale catalogue, Institut National d'Histoire de l'Art, Paris.</div>"], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Simon Oppenheimer, Germany, sold to Otto Gerstenberg, Berlin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "After 1914", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Otto Gerstenberg [1848\u20131935], Berlin, by descent to Margarethe Scharf, Berlin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914-1935", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Margarethe Scharf [1889\u20131961], Berlin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935-1936", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Deposited in Statens Museum for Kunst, Copenhagen", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936-1950", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Jean-Pierre Durand-Matthiesen, Geneva)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1951-1952", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Inventory no. WCA1442. M. Knoedler &amp; Co. records, Getty Research Institute Special Collections.</div>"], "date": "1952", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "To create this drawing, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec painted a board white and then both scraped the material away in areas and drew with black ink to create a variety of tones throughout the image.", "description": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec produced this drawing to illustrate an article about Parisian summers. It presents the type of poorly paid worker who remained in the city while others traveled to escape the urban heat. Because the image was to be reproduced in black and white, Toulouse-Lautrec thinned and brushed ink, scraping into it to expose fine white highlights. Like several artworks in Cleveland\u2019s collection, the drawing was formerly owned by Roger Marx, a French collector, curator, and art critic who built perhaps the most substantial holdings of Toulouse-Lautrec\u2019s work around the turn of the century.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780947"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.113-the-laundress"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Michelet, \u00c9mile. \u201cL\u2019\u00c9t\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris.\u201d <em>Paris illustr\u00e9</em> 6 (1888).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 425", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue des tableaux, pastels, dessins, aquarelles </em>[. . .] <em>faisant partie de la collection Roger Marx</em>. Paris: Galerie Manzi-Joyant, 1914.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 105, no. 222; Reproduced: n.p.", "url": "bibliotheque-numerique.inha.fr/idviewer/22422/122"}, {"citation": "Astre, Achille. <em>H. de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Paris: Nilsson, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joyant, Maurice. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1964\u20131901: Dessins, estampes, affiches</em>. Paris: H. Floury, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 191, 279; Reproduced: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mack, Gerstle. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 293", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"La Blanchisseuse by Toulouse-Lautrec.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 40, no. 3 (March 1953): 51-53.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 51-53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neugass, Fritz. \"Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec und der Kunstmarkt.\" <em>Weltkunst</em> 34 (March 1953): 139.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Exhibition Organized in Collaboration with the Albi Museum</em>. Exh. cat. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec: Paintings, Drawings, Posters and Lithographs</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46, no. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perruchot, Henri. <em>La vie de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Paris: Hachette, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 605", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n113"}, {"citation": "<em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Julien, Edouard, and Henri Focillon. <em>Dessins de Toulouse-Lautrec.</em> Lausanne: Mermod, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, under no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Collection M. L.: Ensemble exceptionnel d'estampes originales, livres illustre\u0301s, important dessin aux crayons de couleur de Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Paris: Galerie Charpentier, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: under no. 257", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>A Generation of Draughtsmen.</em> Exh. cat. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 156, pl. XIIc (ill.)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Negri, Renata.<em> Toulouse-Lautrec, I maestri del colore</em>. Milan: Fabbri, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Huisman, Philippe and M. G. Dortu. <em>Lautrec by Lautrec</em>. New York: Galahad, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Wildenstein, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 64", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neugass, Fritz. \u201cHenri de Toulouse-Lautrec und der Kunstmarkt.\u201d <em>Weltkunst</em> 34, no. 5 (March 1, 1964).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n203"}, {"citation": "<em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1864\u20131901</em>. Exh. cat. Vienna: \u00d6sterreichisches Museum f\u00fcr Angewandte Kunst, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66, no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Novotny, Fritz. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Translated by Michael Glenney. London: Phaidon, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 184, no. 15; Reproduced: plate 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sugana, G. M. <em>The Complete Paintings of Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 101, no. 223", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n203"}, {"citation": "Dortu, M. G. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec et son \u0153uvre</em>. New York: Collectors Editions, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 5, p. 492, no. D3.029; Reproduced: p. 493", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n242"}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. London: Universal Books, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Welsh-Ovcharov, Bogomila. <em>Vincent van Gogh and the Birth of Cloisonism</em>. Exh. cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 336; Reproduced: p. 337", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper, Douglas. <em>Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: Abrams, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adriani, Go\u0308tz. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sonn, Richard D. <em>Anarchism and Cultural Politics in Fin de Sie\u0300cle France</em>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 156, pp. 322-23; Reproduced: p. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schimmel, Herbert. <em>The Letters of Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126, under nos. 163 and 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "Julien, E\u0301douard. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>. New York: Flammarion, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Toulouse-Lautrec</em>, 198 (ill.). Exh. cat. London: Hayward Gallery, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murray, Gale B. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec: The Formative Years, 1878\u20131891</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. xvii, 167-70, 249; Reproduced: p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murray, Gale B. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec: A Retrospective</em>. New York: Hugh Lauter Levin, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 102; Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frey, Julia Bloch. <em>Toulouse-Lautrec: A Life</em>. London: Phoenix, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 245-46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mendelowitz, Daniel M., and Duane A. Wakeham. <em>A Guide to Drawing</em>. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 140-141, p. 291, no. 56; Reproduced: p. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Old Master, Modern &amp; Contemporary Prints</em>. London: Sotheby's, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 130, under no. 262", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scharf, Julietta, and Hanna Strzoda. <em>Die Historische Sammlung Otto Gerstenberg</em>. Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 2, p. 221, no. 1366", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prat, Louis-Antoine. \u201cL\u2019Enfer des Juliette.\u201d In <em>Toulouse-Lautrec: R\u00e9solument moderne</em>, edited by St\u00e9phane Gu\u00e9gan. Exh. cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 287", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de, Edgar Degas, and Florence Saragoza. Quand Toulouse-Lautrec regarde Degas. Albi : Muse\u0301e Toulouse-Lautrec, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 61-62, fig. 32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Degas and the Laundress: Women, Work, and Impressionism</em> Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126, no.19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 158-161, no. 30", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Dortu D3.029", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.113", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.113/1952.113_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "900", "filesize": "231530", "filename": "1952.113_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.113/1952.113_print.jpg", "width": "2831", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2445219", "filename": "1952.113_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.113/1952.113_full.tif", "width": "4363", "height": "5239", "filesize": "68607524", "filename": "1952.113_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129221, "creators": [{"id": 1856, "description": "Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (French, 1864\u20131901)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1864", "death_year": "1901", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-03-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1888, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1888", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:40:08.304000"}, {"id": 135341, "accession_number": "1958.344", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "At the Concert Parisien, 1887\u201388. Georges Seurat (French, 1859\u20131891). Cont\u00e9 crayon heightened with white chalk on cream handmade modern laid paper; sheet: 31.4 x 23.6 cm (12 3/8 x 9 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1958.344", "current_location": null, "title": "At the Concert Parisien", "creation_date": "1887\u201388", "creation_date_earliest": 1887, "creation_date_latest": 1888, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "cont\u00e9 crayon heightened with white chalk on cream handmade modern laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream modern laid paper", "watermarks": ["MICHALLET"]}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 31.4 x 23.6 cm (12 3/8 x 9 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.314, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.236, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed on verso, at bottom, in blue crayon: G. Seurat / L (?) [upside down]; on verso, right center, in red crayon: 299 [posthumous inventory number]; watermark, upper left: MICHALLET", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "<i>Aspects of Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361386, "title": "19th and 20th Century Drawings", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 19-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304520, "title": "Art and the Stage", "description": "<i>Art and the Stage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 22-August 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309513, "title": "Paper: The Continuous Thread", "description": "<i>Paper: The Continuous Thread</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 31-October 24, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-08-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361471, "title": "Georges Seurat: Zeichnungen", "description": "<i>Georges Seurat: Zeichnungen</i>. Kunsthalle Bielefeld, D-33602 Bielefeld, Germany (organizer) (October 30-December 25, 1983); Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, CH-8024 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (March 27-May 15, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-10-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361472, "title": "Georges Seurat, 1859-1891", "description": "<i>Georges Seurat, 1859-1891</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (September 24, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-04-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 175422, "title": "Georges Seurat: The Drawings", "description": "<i>Georges Seurat: The Drawings</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 23, 2007-January 7, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207443, "title": "Seurat\u2019s Circus Sideshow", "description": "<i>Seurat\u2019s Circus Sideshow</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 17-May 29, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Possibly <em>Exposition posthume Seurat. </em>La Revue Blanche, Paris (1892). [according to inscription on old backing].", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Possibly <em>Les dessins de Georges Seurat</em> <em>1859-1891)</em>, Bernheim-Jeune, Paris (November 29 - December 24, 1926). [according to inscription on old backing].", "opening_date": "1926-11-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Van Diemen-Lilienfeld Galleries, New York (1937).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Drawings of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. </em>American-British Art Center, New York (January 5 - 22, 1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Seurat: His Drawings.</em> Buchholz Gallery, New York (March 4 - 29, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-03-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Studio of the artist [1859-1891], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Posthumous inv. no. 299 inscribed on verso.</div>"], "date": "1888-1891", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Hessel, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1926", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Van Diemen-Lilienfeld Galleries, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1926-by 1937", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Buchholz Gallery, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1937-by 1944", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Alexander Bing [1879-1959], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1944-1958", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(C\u00e9sar de Hauke, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Despite Georges Seurat's brief lifespan, he created a large number of drawings, working almost exclusively with the waxy Cont\u00e9 crayon and textured paper used for this sheet.", "description": "Caf\u00e9-concerts were popular places of entertainment for the middle classes in Paris during the late 1800s and usually featured singers or other forms of vaudeville entertainers. Georges Seurat created eight drawings depicting caf\u00e9-concerts, some showing known establishments. This drawing has an innovative viewpoint, in which we peer through the bowler hats of male viewers listening to a female singer on stage. Seurat typically used a black crayon manufactured by the Cont\u00e9 company, and its waxy quality allowed him to exploit the texture of paper to striking effect.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757372"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.344-cafe-concert", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.344-at-the-concert-paris"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Trente ans d'art ind\u00e9pendant, 1884-1914</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des artistes ind\u00e9pendants, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 203, no. 3323", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Seurat: His Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Buchholz Gallery, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seligman, Germain. <em>The Drawings of Georges Seurat</em>. New York: Curt Valentin, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84, no. 57; Reproduced: pl. XLV", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisitions Press Release,\u201d July 20, 1959, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0413"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisitions Press Release,\u201d July 24, 1959, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0416"}, {"citation": "Hauke, C\u00e9sar M de. <em>Seurat et son oeuvre</em>. 2 vols. Paris: Gr\u00fcnd, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 272, no. 687; Reproduced: p. 273", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Herbert, Robert L. <em>Seurat's Drawings</em>. New York: Shorewood, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 141-42, 185, no. 124; Reproduced: p. 142", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n204"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n204"}, {"citation": "Rubin, J.H. \"Seurat and Theory: The Near-Identical Drawings of the Caf\u00e9-Concert.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> 6, no. 76 (October 1970): 237-46.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 246 n. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chastel, Andr\u00e9. <em>L'opera completa di Seurat</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 115; Reproduced: p. 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 223", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n243"}, {"citation": "Breitman, Ellen. <em>Art and the Stage</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 57-59; Reproduced: p. 57", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Webb, Sheila. <em>Paper: The Continuous Thread. </em>Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art. 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22, 66, cat. no. 8; Reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "O'Toole, Judith Hansen. \"Henri-Gabriel Ibels and Georges Seurat: An Attribution Confirmed.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 7 (September 1982): 236-42.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 236", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159782"}, {"citation": "Franz, Erich and Bernd Growe. <em>Georges Seurat: Zeichnungen</em>. Exh. Cat. Bielefeld: Kunsthalle Bielefeld, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 87, 193, 194, no. 82; Reproduced: pl. 82", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Clark, T.J. <em>The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers. </em>New York: Knopf, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>Seurat</em>. Oxford: Phaidon, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 197", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Katzive, David H. <em>Fringe Patterns: Six Contemporary Works with Scientific or Metaphoric Ties to the 1887 Michelson-Morley Experiment</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Center for Contemporary Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Miller, Michael J. <em>Drawing: A Glossary of Materials, Selections from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n.p.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lebensztejn, Jean-Claude. <em>Chahut</em>. Paris: Hazan, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Madeleine-Perdrillat, Alain. <em>Seurat</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 123", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tinterow, Gary. \u201cThe Caf\u00e9-Concert, 1886\u20131888.\u201d In <em>Georges Seurat, 1859-1891</em>, edited by Robert L. Herbert<em>.</em> Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 302, no. 197", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zimmerman, Michael F. <em>Seurat and the Art Theory of His Time</em>. Antwerp: Mercator, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 366-68, 372; Reproduced: p. 372", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coven, Jeffrey. <em>Baudelaire's Voyages: The Poet and His Painters</em>. Exh. Cat. Huntington, NY: Heckscher Museum, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86; Reproduced: p. 85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hammacher, A.M. <em>Silhouette of Seurat</em>. Otterlo: Kro\u0308ller-Mu\u0308ller Museum, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 8, 138-39, 291; Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herbert, Robert L. <em>Seurat: Drawings and Paintings</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 113-15; Reproduced: p. 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stuckey, Charles. \"I mattini sulla Senna di Monet.\" In <em>Monet, la Senna le ninfee: Il grande fiume e il nuovo secolo,</em> edited by Marco Goldin, 119-22. Exh. Cat. Brescia: Museo di Santa Giulia, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jodi Hauptman, ed. <em>Georges Seurat: The Drawings. </em>Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 180-81, 254; Reproduced: p. 237, no. 128", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCaughey, Patrick. \"The Dark Side of Georges Seurat.\" <em>Art in America</em> (March 2008): 138-143.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 142", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Getlein, Mark. <em>Living with Art</em>. 8th ed. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Prendeville, Brendan. \"Seurat and the Act of Sensing: Perception as Artifact.\" In <em>Seurat Re-Viewed</em>, edited by Paul Smith, 149-62. College Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 158; Reproduced: p. 159", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kr\u010dma, Ed. \"Film, Drawing and the Body.\" In <em>Tacita Dean: Film</em>, edited by Nicholas Cullinan. Exh. Cat. London: Tate Modern, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foa, Michelle. <em>Georges Seurat: The Art of Vision</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 192; Reproduced: p. 193", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. \"Seurat's <em>Circus Sideshow</em>: A <em>Parade</em> of Paradoxes.\" In <em>Seurat's Circus Sideshow, </em>edited by Richard Thomson, 15-106<em>.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 21, 77, 79-80, 130, Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cCreativity in Action,\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 4 (Fall 2020): 26.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 26.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 138-141, no. 25b", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Hauke 687", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.344", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.344/1958.344_web.jpg", "width": "685", "height": "893", "filesize": "627096", "filename": "1958.344_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.344/1958.344_print.jpg", "width": "2607", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8889614", "filename": "1958.344_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.344/1958.344_full.tif", "width": "4606", "height": "6006", "filesize": "83020392", "filename": "1958.344_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.344/1958.344_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "893", "filesize": "603629"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.344/1958.344_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2565", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8131220"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.344/1958.344_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3549", "height": "4704", "filesize": "50102484"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135341, "creators": [{"id": 1816, "description": "Georges Seurat (French, 1859\u20131891)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Georges Seurat entered the \u00c9cole Municipale de Sculpture et de Dessin in Paris at the age of fifteen, where he studied with the sculptor Justin Lequien (1826-1882) and met Aman-Jean (q.v.). At the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts three years later he was taught by Henri Lehmann (1814-1882), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). He developed an interest in the color theory of Michel-Eug\u00e8ne Chevreul, who had postulated how the isolation and juxtaposition of colors can affect their perception. In the Louvre he studied the works of two master colorists, Rubens (1577-1640) and Delacroix (q.v.). Seurat attended the Fourth Impressionist Exhibit in 1879, and he later confessed to be particularly shocked by the works of Monet (q.v.) and Pissarro (q.v.). After spending a year in military service on the Breton coast, Seurat started experimenting with drawing, using cont\u00e9 crayon and heavily textured \"Ingres\" paper to build up his figures through a wide range of tones, avoiding contour outlines. He also probably read Ogden Rood's Th\u00e9orie Scientifique des Couleurs, which further investigated the perception of color and advocated the use of pure color in painting. Seurat additionally undertook to analyze the optical and emotional effects of various color combinations in his paintings, initiating studies for the Bathers at Asni\u00e8res (1883, National Gallery, London). This painting appeared at the 1884 Salon des Ind\u00e9pendants, where he met Paul Signac (1863-1935), who became an important spokesman for neo-impressionism. Seurat's next major painting, Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884-86, Art Institute of Chicago), established him as the leader of the neo-impressionists. He began spending his summers on the Normandy coast, where he often started his large canvases that he would finish in his Paris studio during the winter. He was protective of his position as leader of the neo-impressionists, causing arguments with Pissarro and Signac in the late 1880s. His interest in using pure color influenced the symbolists as well as later \"hard edge\" painters of the modern era.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1859", "death_year": "1891", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-10-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1887, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1887\u201388", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["At the Concert Parisien", "Caf\u00e9-Concert"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:00:12.391000"}, {"id": 141645, "accession_number": "1965.239", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jonah Under the Gourd Vine, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 32.3 x 46.3 x 18 cm (12 11/16 x 18 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.239", "current_location": "104 Late Antiquity", "title": "Jonah Under the Gourd Vine", "creation_date": "280\u201390 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 280, "creation_date_latest": 290, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Early Christian", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 32.3 x 46.3 x 18 cm (12 11/16 x 18 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.323, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.463, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.18, "depth_inch": 7, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222537, "title": "Byzantium, 330-1453", "description": "<i>Byzantium, 330-1453</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (October 25, 2008-March 22, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007) and the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Royal Academy of Art, London (10/25/2008 - 3/22/2009):  \"Byzantium, 330-1453\", ex. cat. no. 2, p. 53.", "opening_date": "2008-10-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "according to William Wixom, one unconfirmed report tells us that the entire group (1965.237-1965.247) was found in a single, huge pithos or jar.  (J. J. Klejman, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 141651, "description": "The Good Shepherd, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 49.5 x 26 x 16.2 cm (19 1/2 x 10 1/4 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.241", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141650, "description": "Jonah Praying, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 47.5 x 14.8 x 20.3 cm (18 11/16 x 5 13/16 x 8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.240", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141644, "description": "Jonah Cast Up, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 41.5 x 36 x 18.5 cm (16 5/16 x 14 3/16 x 7 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.238", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141643, "description": "Jonah Swallowed, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 50.4 x 15.5 x 26.9 cm (19 13/16 x 6 1/8 x 10 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.237", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sculpture shows the dramatic moment when the Jonah, having languished in the desert, is saved by the shade of a gourd vine. The sculptor paid great attention to detail such as Jonah's bushy beard echoing the large leaves overhead.", "description": "After disobeying the Lord\u2019s command to proclaim judgment on the city of Nineveh, the Old Testament prophet Jonah was cast into the sea, swallowed by a sea monster, and ultimately cast ashore. When asked a second time, Jonah obeyed the Lord but became displeased when the city was spared. After pleading for Nineveh\u2019s destruction, Jonah left the city and rested in the shadow of a large gourd vine. The Lord, however, made the vine wither, exposing Jonah to the burning sun.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758736"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.239-jonah-under-the-gour"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n60"}, {"citation": "\u201cEarly Christian Sculptures at Cleveland.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 3 (March 1967): 67\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, fig. 29; Mentioned: p. 75-77", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152146"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n58"}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Margaret English Frazer, and Kurt Weitzmann. <em>Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art Third to Seventh Century</em>. New York: The Museum, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 407-411", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt, and Margaret English Frazer.<em> Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art Third to Seventh Century</em> ; Based on the Catalogue to the Exhibition \"Age of Spirituality\", Metropolitan Museum New York, 1977. [New York, NY]: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 406-411", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=efLuB7QPDm8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=cleveland&f=false"}, {"citation": "Kitzinger, Ernst. 1978. \"The Cleveland Marbles\". I Monumenti Cristiani Preconstantiniani.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 653-675", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n54"}, {"citation": "McColl, Donald Alexander.<em> Early Christian Sculptures at Cleveland in Their Eastern Mediterranean Context</em>. 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Lehman, Karen M. \"Sacred and Profane Hellenizing Marbles of the Late Third Century Roman Empire: Secular Portraits and Religious Narrative Sculptures in the Cleveland Museum of Art Reviewed in the Cultural Context.\" M.A. thesis, Kent State University, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. v; Reproduced: p. 108, fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 34-37, no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 260-261", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Meyer, Mati. <em>Omanut yeme ha-benayim be-Eropah uba-biznat\u0323yon</em>. Ra\u02bbananah: ha-Universit\u0323ah ha-petuh\u0323ah, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69, #26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hornik, Heidi J. \"Freestanding Sculpture.\" In <em>The Routledge Handbook of Early Christian Art.</em>Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen and Mark D. Ellison, editors. Abingdon Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75, fig. 5.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rumscheid, Frank, Sabine Schrenk and Kornelia Kressirer. <em>Go\u0308ttliche Ungerechtigkeit?: Strafen und Glaubenspru\u0308fungen als Themen antiker und fru\u0308hchristlicher Kunst. </em>Petersberg: Dr. M. Imhof, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302-303; IV.2.3 Abb. 9-11; Kat 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bol, Peter, Carola Reinsberg, Renate Bol, D. Kreikenbom, Hans-Ulrich Cain, Heike Richter, and Britta O\u0308zen-Kleine. Plastik der ro\u0308mischen Kaiserzeit vom Regierungsantritt des Antoninus Pius bis zum Ende der Antike. Worms : Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbh, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 189, 191, 193, 195; Reproduced: Abb. 183 (bd. 2)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hornik, Heidi J. \"Interpreting Select Early Sculptures Using Art-Historical Methodology.\" In <em>Early Christians and Their Art</em>, edited by Mikeal C. Parsons and Robin M. Jensen, 1-247. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 12, fig. 1.10", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.239", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "519424", "filename": "1965.239_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "4706634", "filename": "1965.239_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4250", "filesize": "70157068", "filename": "1965.239_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "440806"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "4005352"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4250", "filesize": "70156180"}, "date_created": "2008-04-16T12:48:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "522335"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "4774296"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4250", "filesize": "70157200"}, "date_created": "2008-04-16T13:25:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "500155"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "4436691"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4250", "filesize": "70156832"}, "date_created": "2008-04-15T19:37:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1148", "height": "893", "filesize": "638013"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2645", "filesize": "5749707"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.239/1965.239_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3889", "filesize": "58352760"}, "date_created": "2005-10-26T18:19:27", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141645, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-09-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 280, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "280\u201390 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:16:36.642000"}, {"id": 131583, "accession_number": "1954.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Feast of Herod (recto); Tomyris with the Head of Cyrus (verso), c. 1637\u201338. Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577\u20131640). Pen and brown ink, with black and red chalk, touched with white gouache; sheet: 27.2 x 47.2 cm (10 11/16 x 18 9/16 in.); secondary support: 27.6 x 47.3 cm (10 7/8 x 18 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1954.2", "current_location": null, "title": "The Feast of Herod (recto); Tomyris with the Head of Cyrus (verso)", "creation_date": "c. 1637\u201338", "creation_date_earliest": 1637, "creation_date_latest": 1638, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "pen and brown ink, with black and red chalk, touched with white gouache", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Flemish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 27.2 x 47.2 cm (10 11/16 x 18 9/16 in.); Secondary Support: 27.6 x 47.3 cm (10 7/8 x 18 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.272, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.472, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.276, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.473, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "by artist, upper center, in brown ink: de Herodias [wat hooger? (or: \"meden hoofte,\" \"wat hoegte,\" or \"wat hogher\")]; by artist, lower right, in brown ink: den[or: deze] stoel te [cort?].\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361634, "title": "Drawings & Oil Sketches by P.P. Rubens from American Collections.", "description": "<i>Drawings & Oil Sketches by P.P. Rubens from American Collections.</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (January 14-February 29, 1956); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (March 20-April 28, 1956); Rubenshuis, Antwerpen, Belgium (September 2-16, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361635, "title": "Tekeningen van P.P. Rubens", "description": "<i>Tekeningen van P.P. Rubens</i>. Rubenshuis, Antwerpen, Belgium (June 16-September 25, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351015, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 29-June 6, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309575, "title": "Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics", "description": "<i>Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-August 1, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309864, "title": "Baroque Imagery", "description": "<i>Baroque Imagery</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 1984-January 6, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-11-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311561, "title": "Flemish Drawings in the Age of Rubens: Selected Works from American Collections", "description": "<i>Flemish Drawings in the Age of Rubens: Selected Works from American Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 4-February 20, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205985, "title": "Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640): The Drawings", "description": "<i>Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640): The Drawings</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (January 18-April 3, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-01-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Unidentified collector, probably Austria (Lugt 622)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "ca. 1800-1900", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private collection, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "ca. 1900-1953", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "with Herbert N. Bier, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The two stories that Rubens depicted on the front and back of this sheet of paper each feature a gruesome death, the result of revenge at the hands of a powerful woman.", "description": "Peter Paul Rubens had a large studio in Antwerp and used drawing to prepare for large paintings as well as to direct the many pupils who assisted him. Striking in its immediacy, the drawing on the recto of this sheet of paper is a preparatory study for the <em>Feast of Herod </em>painting now at the Scottish National Gallery in Edinburgh. Herod, wearing a large cap and wrapped in a mantle, shrinks back in horror as Salome uncovers a charger that holds the head of Saint John the Baptist. Smiling, Herodias grabs the platter with her left hand and, in a chilling detail, gestures toward the charger with a fork. Rubens wrote what is usually interpreted as \u201cHerodias somewhat higher\u201d at the top of the sheet. The verso of the sheet depicts a sketch for another story featuring a change of fortune at the hands of a vengeful woman, <em>Tomyris with the Head of Cyrus</em>. Rubens made two paintings of the subject (now in Paris and Boston). A rare theme, the story tells of Queen Tomyris who, avenging the death of her son in battle, collects the head of his murderer Cyrus in a bag of human blood. Tomyris is shown seated under a canopy holding a scepter, while the servants before her handle Cyrus\u2019s head. Rubens wrote \u201cplus spatij\u201d (more space) in the center of the sheet.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80023036"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.2-the-feast-of-herod-r"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 29-32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"The Preliminary Pen and Ink Drawing for the 'Feast of Herod' nu Peter Paul Rubens.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>41, no. 6 (June 1954): 124-127.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114, 127; Mentioned: p. 124", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141969"}, {"citation": "Burchard, Ludwig, \"Rubens' 'Feast of Herod' at Port Sunlight,\" Burlington Magazine Vol. XCV No 609 (December 1953):pp 383-387.", "page_number": "p. 387", "url": null}, {"citation": "Held, Julius S. \"Rubens' 'Feast of Herod'.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 96, no. 613 (1954): 122.", "page_number": "p. 122", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/871368."}, {"citation": "Fogg Art Museum. <em>Drawings &amp; Oil Sketches by P.P. Rubens, from American Collections.</em> Cambridge, MA: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University; New York, NY: Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 25-26, no. 26, pl. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burchard, Ludwig and Roger Adolf d' Hulst.<em> Tekeningen van P.P. Rubens.</em> Antwerpen: Uitgeverij Ontwikkeling, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 107-8, no. 131, pl. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Held, Julius S., \"Drawings and Oil Sketches by Rubens from American Collections,\" Burlington Magazine XCVII/637 (April 1956): pp. 123-125.", "page_number": "p. 124, fig 34 (verso)", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 587, 588", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n110"}, {"citation": "Held, Julius S. Rubens: Selected Drawings. London: Phaidon Press, 1959.", "page_number": "I:p. 124, no. 67, pl. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burchard, Ludwig, and Roger Adolf d' Hulst. Rubens Drawings. Brussels: Arcade Press, 1963.", "page_number": "I:313-316, no. 196, 2:pl. 196r (rect), 196v (verso)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael, \"Cleveland Museum of Art, The Figurative Arts of the West, ca. 1400-1800,\" <em>Apollo</em> LXXVIII (Dec. 1963): pp. 457-467.", "page_number": "p. 466", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n143"}, {"citation": "Hofstede, Justus Muller. Review, \"L. Burchard and R.-A. d'Hulst: <em>Rubens Drawings,\" </em>Master Drawings Vol. IV No. 4 (1966): pp. 435-454.", "page_number": "pp. 436, 454", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n143"}, {"citation": "Logan, Anne-Marie. \"\"Two Armored Soldiers Fighting\", a Late Drawing by Peter Paul Rubens.\" <em>Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin</em> 34, no. 1 (1972): 16-18.", "page_number": "p.18", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/40482375."}, {"citation": "Logan, Anne-Marie. \"Rubens Exhibitions 1977.\" <em>Master Drawings</em>15, no. 4 (1977): 403-71.", "page_number": "p. 407", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/1553403."}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n174"}, {"citation": "Thompson, Colin and Hugh Brigstocke. Shorter Catalogue. National Gallery of Scotland. 1978.", "page_number": "p. 93 under no. 2193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Robert W., \"Rubens's 'Queen Tomyris with the Head of Cyrus',\" MFA Bulletin Vol 77 (1979):PP. 4-35", "page_number": "pp. 24-25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schloder, John E. Baroque Imagery. exh.cat. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1984.", "page_number": "no. 17, pp. 43-44.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Logan, Anne-Marie S. <em>Flemish Drawings in the Age of Rubens: Selected Works from American Collections.</em> Wellesley, MA: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, Wellesley College, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 203-5, no. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster.<em> Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 174-75, 294; Reproduced: P. 175, cat. no. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Logan, Anne-Marie S., and Michiel Plomp. <em>Peter Paul Rubens: The Drawings.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "no. 112, p. 300", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, David, Elizabeth McGrath, et al. Rubens: a master in the making. London : National Gallery Company : Distributed by Yale University Press, \u00a92005.", "page_number": "p. 31, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kopecky, Veronika. <em>Die Beischriften des Peter Paul Rubens. Uberlegungen zu handschriftlichen Vermerken auf Zeichnungen.</em> Doctoral dissertation: Universitat Hamburg, 2008/2012", "page_number": "pp. 10, 47-48, 86, no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bulckens, Koen, and Paul Huvenne. <em>Rubens: The Ministry of Christ.</em> London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27, 81-83, 87, 166; reproduced: pp. 218-219, fig. 62 and 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Selected Works. Cleveland, [1967?]", "page_number": "no. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korbei, Veronika, Nils B\u00fcttner, Corina Kleinert, and Elizabeth McGrath.<em> Rubens. Drawings Unrelated to Known Compositions.</em> Edited by Isabelle van Tichelen. London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 121", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.2/1954.2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "260", "filesize": "", "filename": "1954.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.2/1954.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "981", "filesize": "", "filename": "1954.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.2/1954.2_full.tif", "width": "15470", "height": "4464", "filesize": "", "filename": "1954.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.2/1954.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "529", "filesize": "192748"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.2/1954.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1999", "filesize": "2425722"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.2/1954.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7593", "height": "4464", "filesize": "101713516"}, "date_created": "2013-01-10T15:19:13", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131583, "creators": [{"id": 1251, "description": "Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577\u20131640)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1577", "death_year": "1640", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-01-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1637, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1637\u201338", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:47:02.955000"}, {"id": 150996, "accession_number": "1982.45", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Durga Destroying the Buffalo Demon, 800s\u2013900s. Northern India, Kashmir or Himachal Pradesh, 9th-10th Century. Schist; overall: 76.2 cm (30 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1982.45", "current_location": "244 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Durga Destroying the Buffalo Demon", "creation_date": "800s\u2013900s", "creation_date_earliest": 800, "creation_date_latest": 1000, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Kashmir or Himachal Pradesh, 9th-10th Century"], "technique": "schist", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 76.2 cm (30 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.762, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309644, "title": "The Year in Review for 1982", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1982</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Pan-Asian Collection, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Robert H. Ellsworth [1929\u20132014], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131982", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1982\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "She uses Shiva's trident to pin down the demon.", "description": "IIn Hindu traditions, the goddess Durga is sometimes understood as a form of Shiva's wife Parvati, the personification of his female energies. This female creative energy, called shakti, has a powerful side that is personified as the warrior goddess Durga, capable of destroying arrogance and other mental vices, personified as the demon. Her main feat in the mythic literature is the slaying of the Buffalo Demon, Mahishasura. He had been ravaging the universe until the warrior goddess Durga decapitated him. His more vulnerable demonic form emerges from the neck, and she, calm but powerful, slays him with her sword.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753039"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1982.45-durga-destroying-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1982.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 1 (January 1983): 3-55.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26, no. 100", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159799"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.45", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.45/1982.45_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "893", "filesize": "68225", "filename": "1982.45_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.45/1982.45_print.jpg", "width": "2494", "height": "3400", "filesize": "787393", "filename": "1982.45_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.45/1982.45_full.tif", "width": "5154", "height": "7024", "filesize": "108629032", "filename": "1982.45_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. & Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 150996, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "800s\u2013900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Durga Destroying Mahishasura"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:47:48.332000"}, {"id": 160142, "accession_number": "1998.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Animal-Headed Figure Pendant, c. 1000\u20131550. Panama, Veraguas or Parita style, c. 1000-1550. Cast gold; overall: 10.5 x 9.8 x 2 cm (4 1/8 x 3 7/8 x 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1998.1", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Animal-Headed Figure Pendant", "creation_date": "c. 1000\u20131550", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1550, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Panama, Veraguas or Parita style, c. 1000-1550"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 10.5 x 9.8 x 2 cm (4 1/8 x 3 7/8 x 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.105, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.098, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.02, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Palm Beach, FL: The Society of the Four Arts; January 10 - February 1,1953.  \"Pre-Columbian Art: The Native Art of America Before the Conquest.\" Cat. no. 59, no repr.", "opening_date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["861.1994"], "did_you_know": "The figure wears an elaborate headdress that is flanked by fierce-looking crocodilians in profile.", "description": "The culture area that extends from southern Central America to northern South America is generally referred to as the Intermediate Region because of its location between the two high culture zones of Mesoamerica and the central Andes. Research to date indicates that the pre-Columbian peoples of the Intermediate Region were organized into small, competitive chiefdoms, rather than large-scale states or empires. Despite political competition and warfare, trade in prestige goods such as jade and gold was common. Gold, obtained through panning and mining, was worked by hammering and lost-wax casting to produce intricate and showy personal ornaments.<br><br>The pendant represents a supernatural being, perhaps a fantastic crocodilian. It has projecting, tubelike eyes, a snout full of sharp teeth, and snake-headed streamers emanating from the nostrils. The simplified lower body consists of broad, flat legs, with large, curved talons at the ends of the feet. The elaborate headdress includes two central semidomes, flanked by fierce-looking profile crocodilians.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779706"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cPainting by 18th-century Italian Master Gaetano Gandolfi among Works Added to CMA Collection,\u201d March 24, 1998, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4109"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1998.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.1/1998.1_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "324890", "filename": "1998.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.1/1998.1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1907", "filesize": "1686152", "filename": "1998.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.1/1998.1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1907", "filesize": "8790692", "filename": "1998.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.1/1998.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "903", "height": "893", "filesize": "375865"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.1/1998.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3362", "filesize": "6138632"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.1/1998.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3948", "height": "3904", "filesize": "46277488"}, "date_created": "2011-11-04T14:50:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.1/1998.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "902", "height": "893", "filesize": "410960"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.1/1998.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3366", "filesize": "5991375"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1998.1/1998.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3477", "height": "3443", "filesize": "35951632"}, "date_created": "2011-11-04T15:11:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160142, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1998-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1000\u20131550", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Crocodilian Pendant"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:19:00.796000"}, {"id": 115161, "accession_number": "1935.308", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha), 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild. Gold; overall: 6.9 cm (2 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1935.308", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1896, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 6.9 cm (2 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.069, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "<i>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297093, "title": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana", "description": "<i>The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana</i>. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (April 15-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 162, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Portland Art Museum, Exhibition of Jewelry, November 21-December 28, 1952.", "opening_date": "1952-11-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Brooklyn Museum, Masterpieces of African Art, October 18, 1954-January 2, 1955.", "opening_date": "1954-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00, exh. cat. no. 18, p. 68.", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury of asantehene (King) Agyeman Prempeh I, Kumasi, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131896", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France via Pierre Matisse, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Original object card, 9/14/35 (Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gold objects like this were frequently melted down to make new objects in new fashions.", "description": "Gold sheaths covered the cast iron blade of a king\u2019s ceremonial knife (<em>sikay</em>), wrapping them with symbolism. In Akan states like the Asante Kingdom, gold embodies lifeforce (<em>kra</em>) and is the sun\u2019s earthly counterpart. Only goldsmiths\u2019 guild members could make gold ornaments for the royals and their entourage, or for the royal treasury. Here, the goldsmith used a tool to push the raised floral, leaf, and geometric designs from the back of soft sheet of gold (repouss\u00e9 technique). Small dots outlining some motifs were punched into the metal. Similarly decorated gold sheets and solid ornaments capped a knife\u2019s handle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008265"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.308-knife-sheath-tip-sik"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ratton, Charles. \u00ab Les bijoux en forme de disque etc. \u00bb Special Issue,<em> Pr\u00e9sence Africaine </em>: <em>L'Art </em>N\u00e8gre 10-11. Paris : Aux Editions du Seuil (1951).", "page_number": "Ill. opp. p. 192, no. 101, text p. 152.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d <em>African Arts</em> 10, no. 3 (April 1977): 16-24.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "L'Art Negre, Presence Africaine, 10-11, Aux Editions du Seuil, opp. p. 192, no. 101, text p. 152.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. <em>African Negro Art.</em> New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955</em>. [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 388", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n72"}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter. <em>African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989</em>. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 202-203, fig. 517", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. <em>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; Reproduced: p. 23, fig. 13, p. 68, no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 19, p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In <em>Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display</em>. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Roslyn A., Martha J. Ehrlich, Christraud M. Geary, M. D. McLeod, and Doran H. Ross. The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Dallas : Dallas Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29; Reproduced: p. 95, cat. 42", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.308", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.308/1935.308_web.jpg", "width": "636", "height": "893", "filesize": "337502", "filename": "1935.308_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.308/1935.308_print.jpg", "width": "2423", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4771087", "filename": "1935.308_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.308/1935.308_full.tif", "width": "3116", "height": "4372", "filesize": "40890524", "filename": "1935.308_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115161, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ornament"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:35.628000"}, {"id": 162336, "accession_number": "2002.65", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Alien Huddle, 1993\u201395. Martin Puryear (American, b. 1941). Red cedar, pine; overall: 134.6 x 162.5 x 134.6 cm (53 x 64 x 53 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro, 2002.65. \u00a9 Martin Puryear, courtesy of Matthew Marks Gallery", "current_location": "003 Special Exhibition Hall", "title": "Alien Huddle", "creation_date": "1993\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1993, "creation_date_latest": 1995, "artists_tags": ["male", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "red cedar, pine", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 134.6 x 162.5 x 134.6 cm (53 x 64 x 53 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.346, "height_inch": 53, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.625, "width_inch": 64, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 1.346, "depth_inch": 53, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Martin Puryear, courtesy of Matthew Marks Gallery", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 218996, "title": "Martin Puryear", "description": "<i>Martin Puryear</i>. Centre Cultural de la Fundacio Caixa de Pensions, Barcelona, Spain (November 15, 1997-January 15, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-11-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211092, "title": "Martin Puryear", "description": "<i>Martin Puryear</i>. Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (organizer) (March 6-May 27, 2001); Miami Art Museum (June 22-August 19, 2001); Berkeley Art Center, CA (September 12-December 30, 2001); Des Moines Art Center (January 18-April 14, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-02-02T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 174894, "title": "Martin Puryear, 1993-95", "description": "<i>Martin Puryear, 1993-95</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (November 4, 2007-January 14, 2008); Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX (February 24-May 18, 2008); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (June 22-September 28, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-11-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 662028, "title": "Martin Puryear: Nexus", "description": "<i>Martin Puryear: Nexus</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (co-organizer) (September 27, 2025-February 8, 2026) https://www.mfa.org/exhibition/martin-puryear-nexus; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 12-August 9, 2026); High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (September 25, 2026-January 17, 2027).", "opening_date": "2025-09-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Martin Puryear</em>. Fundaci\u00f3n La Caixa, Madrid, Spain (November 15, 1997 - January 11, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-11-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(McKee Gallery, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["315.1995"], "did_you_know": "Puryear seamlessly attached red cedar planks to the pine core without metal fixtures, a skill attributed to his training in furniture making, joinery, and woodworking.", "description": "With its bulbous joined spheres made of pine and cedar, <em>Alien Huddle</em> reveals the close relationship between organic form and material that is emblematic of Martin Puryear's sculpture. A great breadth of aesthetic traditions informs his work, including modernist abstraction, Indigenous African crafts, boat building, and recent technology. Puryear brings these together to create a distinctive body of abstract work animated by cultural, social, and historical references.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758293"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMartin Puryear Sculpture Donated to Museum,\u201d June 25, 2002, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4456"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 122", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "De Becker, Laura. Beyond Borders: Global Africa. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University of Michigan Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 13-14, fig. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Puryear, Martin, and John Elderfield. <em>Martin Puryear</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced pgs. 148 and 166, Plate 34.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Puryear, Martin. <em>Martin Puryear</em>. Exh. Cat. Madrid, Spain: Fundaci\u00f3n La Caixa, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced on cover and p. 100-01, no. 27.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The persistence of geometry: form, content, and culture in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 95, no. 136; mentioned p. 94 and 124.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sparks, Amy and Rebecca Michaels, eds. <em>African American Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 28; mentioned p. 20.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Conversation with Martin Puryear.\u201d <em>American Craft Council</em> 1.1 (Spring 2006).", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 8-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joyce, Tom. \"Alien Huddle.\" In <em>Martin Puryear: Nexus,</em> edited by Emily Liebert, 66-67. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 66-67, fig. 17, cat. no. 30, cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Liebert, Emily. \u201cA Spring Exhibition Preview. Martin Puryear: Nexus.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 65, no. 4 (2025): 9.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2025-04"}, {"citation": "Liebert, Emily. \u201cMartin Puryear: Nexus - Career Survey Explores Form, Material, and Making.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 66, no. 1 (2026): 4-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5; Mentioned: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2026-01"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2002.65", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Agnes Gund and Daniel Shapiro", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Kelvin and Eleanor Smith Foundation Exhibition Hall", "athena_id": 162336, "creators": [{"id": 19502, "description": "Martin Puryear (American, b. 1941)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1941", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2002-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1993, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1993\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:24.141000"}, {"id": 152022, "accession_number": "1984.70", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seated Guanyin (\u89c0\u97f3\u5750\u50cf), late 1100s\u20131200s. China, late Northern Song dynasty (960-1127) - Jin dynasty (1115-1234). Wood with polychromy and gilding; overall: 138 cm (54 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1984.70", "current_location": "241C Chinese Buddhist Sculptures", "title": "Seated Guanyin", "title_in_original_language": "\u89c0\u97f3\u5750\u50cf", "creation_date": "late 1100s\u20131200s", "creation_date_earliest": 1175, "creation_date_latest": 1234, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, late Northern Song dynasty (960-1127) - Jin dynasty (1115-1234)"], "technique": "wood with polychromy and gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Song Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 138 cm (54 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.38, "height_inch": 54, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1984</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Yamanaka & Co., Inc., New York, NY, consigned to Sotheby Parke Bernet Galleries, New York, for auction", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "? by 1943\u2013May 1944", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sotheby Parke Bernet Galleries, New York.  \"Oriental Art: the Entire Stock of the New York Store with Additions from the Chicago Store of Yamanaka & Co., Inc.,\"  Part I. May 24\u201327, 1944 sale. Lot 782)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 24\u201327, 1944", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Collection of Baron Jean Germain L\u00e9on Cassel van Doorn [1882\u20131952]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1944\u2013by 1958", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Florence J. Gould [1895\u20131983], Juan-les Pins, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1952\u20131984", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby Parke Bernet, Monaco. \"Porcelaines de Chine et Objets d'art Chinois: Succession de Florence J. Gould.\" June 27, 1984 sale. Lot 104. Sold to J. E. Eskenazi ,Ltd.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "June 27, 1984", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(J. E. Eskenazi, Ltd., sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "June 27-September 24, 1984", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "September 24, 1984\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "After acquisition, the CMA conservator meticulously used surgical knives and etching tools to uncover the sculpture's original polychromy and gilding, hidden beneath layers of protective varnish and paint.", "description": "The South Sea Guanyin was originally seated on a rocky throne to represent the shore of his home in the mythical island of Potala. His right leg is raised, the arm resting on the folded knee in a relaxed position. With an expression of grace, calmness, and compassion, the Guanyin is especially appealing as the \"guide of souls\" who offers hope for salvation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740082"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.70-seated-guanyin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yamanaka &amp; Company. <em>Collection of Chinese and Other Far Eastern Art</em>. New York, N.Y.: [Printed by the John B. Watkins Co., New York], 1943.", "page_number": "no. 408", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc., New York. <em>Oriental Art, Part I, Liquidation of the Entire Stock of the New York Store with Additions from the Chicago Store of Yamanaka &amp; Co., Inc.. </em>May 24\u201327, 1944<em>. </em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151, Lot no. 782", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, Philip and Alison Brand. <em>Art at Auction: The Year at Sotheby's 1983-84.</em> London: Sotheby's Publications, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 385", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby Parke Bernet. Monaco. <em>Porcelaines de Chine et objets d'art chinois: [succession de Florence J. Gould, provenant de la villa a Cannes, el Patio] ; mercredi 27 juin 1984. </em>June 27, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104; Reproduced: p. 105, Lot no. 1452", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1984.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 2 (April 1985): 163\u2013207.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173; Mentioned: p. 207, no. 173", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159897"}, {"citation": "Dempsey, James H. \u201cThe Annual Report for 1984.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 4 (July 1985): 242\u2013298.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 254", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159905"}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662. <em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xiang</em> [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf = Chinese art in overseas collections. Buddhist sculpture]. Taibei Shi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 185", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sun, Di \u5b59\u8fea, editor. <em>Zhongguo liu shi hai wai Fo jiao zao xiang zong he tu mu</em> [\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u5931\u6d77\u5916\u4f5b\u6559\u9020\u50cf\u603b\u5408\u56fe\u76ee= Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Buddhist Statues in Overseas Collections]. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "vol.7, 1348", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eskenazi, Giuseppe and Hajni Elias.<em> A Dealer's Hand: The Chinese Art World Through the Eyes of Giuseppe Eskenazi.</em> London: Scala Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96, fig. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Re-Emergence: New Chinese Galleries and Art Acquisitions of The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Orientations</em> 44, no. 8 (November/December 2013): 64-75.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.70", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_web.jpg", "width": "579", "height": "900", "filesize": "220476", "filename": "1984.70_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_print.jpg", "width": "2189", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1683879", "filename": "1984.70_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_full.tif", "width": "4875", "height": "7572", "filesize": "110769448", "filename": "1984.70_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "590", "height": "893", "filesize": "62782"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2247", "height": "3400", "filesize": "781398"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4779", "height": "7229", "filesize": "103669128"}, "date_created": "2012-09-27T13:54:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "586", "height": "893", "filesize": "64580"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2232", "height": "3400", "filesize": "792857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4891", "height": "7449", "filesize": "109342268"}, "date_created": "2012-09-27T15:24:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "893", "filesize": "73874"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2795", "height": "3400", "filesize": "853318"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.70/1984.70_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4703", "height": "5721", "filesize": "80747376"}, "date_created": "2012-09-27T16:28:07", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 152022, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-09-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1175, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1100s\u20131200s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:51:45.336000"}, {"id": 117905, "accession_number": "1938.6", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ancestral Commemorative Head (uhunmwun-elao), possibly mid-1500s or early 1600s. Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild. Copper alloy and iron; overall: 29.9 x 21.6 x 20.4 cm (11 3/4 x 8 1/2 x 8 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1938.6", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Ancestral Commemorative Head (uhunmwun-elao)", "creation_date": "possibly mid-1500s or early 1600s", "creation_date_earliest": 1550, "creation_date_latest": 1625, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild"], "technique": "Copper alloy and iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 29.9 x 21.6 x 20.4 cm (11 3/4 x 8 1/2 x 8 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.299, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.216, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.204, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312477, "title": "Treasure of Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin", "description": "<i>Treasure of Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-April 11, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355504, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Texture in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Texture in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 6-December 8, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-10-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>African Negro Art. </em>Howard University, Founders Library Art Gallery, Washington, DC (May 6\u2013 31, 1953) .", "opening_date": "1953-05-06T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Seaway Luncheons</em>.. East Ohio Gas Company Building, Cleveland, OH (week of June 8, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-06-08T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned from the Igun Eronmwon", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Possibly mid-1500s or early 1600s.", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "By descent to \u1eccba Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n (Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n Nogbaisi [c. 1857\u20131914; r. 1888\u20131897], Royal Palace, Benin City", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c.1857\u20131897", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Brought to Europe following the Siege of Benin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1897", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Fosters & Co., London or France, probably sold to Louis Carr\u00e9 and/or Charles Ratton)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Savoy, B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte, Charlotte Guichard, and Christine Howald. 2018. <em>Acquiring cultures: histories of <br>world art on Western markets</em>. P. 274&nbsp;<br><br></div>"], "date": "c. 1929\u20131932", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Louis Carr\u00e9, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH January 17, 1938)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->\u2022 Illustrated in Milliken, William M. \"Treasure of Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of <br>Benin.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 24, no. 3 (1937): 35-36&nbsp;<br>\u2022 Illustrated in Negatives 963447 and 963448, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives</div>"], "date": "by at least 1937", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Purchase/Carr\u00e9 provenance publicized in <em>CMA Bulletin</em> March 1938 (Helen S. Foote, \u201cTwo Bronzes&nbsp;<br>from Benin, pp. 49-50, 48)</div>"], "date": "1938\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The <em>obas</em> (kings) of the Benin Kingdom still wear coral headpieces and jewelry like this sculpted head depicts.", "description": "Brass heads are among many objects a new \u1eccba commissions when dedicating a shrine to their predecessor. This head of an \u1eccba wears layered necklaces of royal coral beads. Tubular beads adorn both the netted cap and slender braids alongside his temples. While representing an individual, his facial features and calm expression are idealized. The thickly cast head once supported a tusk. Immune to corrosion, brass symbolizes royal permanence. A personal religious object, this head sat on an ancestral altar in the \u1eccba\u2019s palace. Like many works taken from Benin altars, this contrasts with its present-day public display in an American museum.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778993"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.6-ancestral-commemorat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Treasure of Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 24, no. 3 (1937): 35-36.", "page_number": "illustrated, unnumbered plate", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137830"}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. 1938. \"Two Bronzes from Benin\". Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. 25: 48-50.", "page_number": "mentioned p. 49; illustrated p. 48", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137915"}, {"citation": "\"Au Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Mouseion. </em>(April 1938) 13-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Washington Howard University Gallery of Art. <em>Exhibition of African Negro Art</em>. Washington: Howard University Gallery of Art, 1953.", "page_number": "cat no. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 386", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n72"}, {"citation": "Burton, Richard. \"In Cleveland: The Idea of a Museum.\" <em>Museums Journal</em> 63, no. 4 (1964): 263-73.", "page_number": "p. 266, fig.70", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 303", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n327"}, {"citation": "Fagg, William<em>. African Tribal Images; the Katherine White Reswick Collection</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968.", "page_number": "no. 144", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord.<em> The Many Ways of Seeing: An Introduction to the Pleasures of Art</em>. 1968.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 303", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n327"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Berthold Fricke. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "p. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 411", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n431"}, {"citation": "Anderson, Ross, and Barbara Perry. <em>The Diversions of Keramos: American Clay Sculpture, 1925-1950</em>. 1983.", "page_number": "p. 79, repr. p. 79, fig. 6:5.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Henry John Drewal.<em> African Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection : the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Museum, 1989.", "page_number": "fig.5.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 1991.", "page_number": "no. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Perani, Judith, and Fred. T. Smith. <em>The Visual Arts of Africa: Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.", "page_number": "fig. 6.7, pp. 175-176", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 69, p. 67, 118", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 25, p. 80 - 81", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Binder, Lisa, \"Mr. Aitken, I Presume\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 05, May 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-05/page/12"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In <em>Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display</em>. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 113, 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 31; Reproduced: P. 26-27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \u201cArt from the Benin Kingdom.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 34-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 34; Mentioned: P. 35.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Digital Benin, </em>Markk Museum Am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Kunste der Welt<em>, (</em>Last Updated: 2021-02-13)", "page_number": "ID 117905", "url": "https://digitalbenin.org/catalogue/8_117905"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_web.jpg", "width": "654", "height": "900", "filesize": "203827", "filename": "1938.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_print.jpg", "width": "2472", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1345988", "filename": "1938.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_full.tif", "width": "5709", "height": "7852", "filesize": "134503980", "filename": "1938.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "643", "height": "900", "filesize": "210795"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2430", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1485915"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5613", "height": "7852", "filesize": "132240908"}, "date_created": "2009-06-12T14:31:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "753", "height": "900", "filesize": "242912"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2843", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1779168"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5514", "height": "6594", "filesize": "109099028"}, "date_created": "2009-06-12T14:44:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "900", "filesize": "235231"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2739", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1707136"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5341", "height": "6630", "filesize": "106253568"}, "date_created": "2009-06-12T14:50:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "900", "filesize": "260817"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2614", "height": "3300", "filesize": "2383837"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2614", "height": "3300", "filesize": "25899680"}, "date_created": "2009-06-12T14:36:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "900", "filesize": "203913"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2410", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1377832"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5565", "height": "7852", "filesize": "131111796"}, "date_created": "2009-06-11T13:00:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "647", "height": "900", "filesize": "204835"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2446", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1427872"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.6/1938.6_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5649", "height": "7852", "filesize": "133090260"}, "date_created": "2009-06-11T13:00:13", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117905, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1550, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly mid-1500s or early 1600s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Altar Portrait of a Deceased Oba", "Head"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:06:23.651000"}, {"id": 94136, "accession_number": "1914.680", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Paint Box of Vizier Amenemope, c. 1427\u20131401 BCE. Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep II (1425\u20131400 BCE). Boxwood with inscription inlaid in Egyptian blue; overall: 2.2 x 21 x 3.6 cm (7/8 x 8 1/4 x 1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1914.680", "current_location": null, "title": "Paint Box of Vizier Amenemope", "creation_date": "c. 1427\u20131401 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1427, "creation_date_latest": -1401, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep II (1425\u20131400 BCE)"], "technique": "boxwood with inscription inlaid in Egyptian blue", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Tools and Equipment", "measurements": "Overall: 2.2 x 21 x 3.6 cm (7/8 x 8 1/4 x 1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.022, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.21, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.036, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "Blue on Front: The overseer of the city and vizier Amenemope.  \nMaster of secrets of the west bank [of Thebes].\nRed on Back: Amen-Ra, Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands....", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304413, "title": "Science within Art", "description": "<i>Science within Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-April 20, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Inaugural Exhibition, </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Egypt\u2019s Golden Age: The Art of Living in the New Kingdom 1558-1085 B.C.</em>, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Feb. 3-May 2, 1982); Houston Museum of Natural Science (July 14-Sept. 19, 1982); Walters Art Gallery (Oct. 27, 1982-Jan. 2, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-02-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>In the Tomb of Nefertari: Conservation of the Wall Paintings,</em> The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, CA (12 November 1992-21 February 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-11-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mohammed Mohasseb and Son, Luxor, sold to  Lucy Olcott Perkins through Henry W. Kent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1913", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Lucy Olcott Perkins, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1913-1914", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": "Thebes, Egypt", "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["284.14"], "did_you_know": "Painting was a popular and time-honored pastime among the upper classes in Egypt.", "description": "This paint box still preserves its original cakes of pigment: one cake each of red (red ochre), blue (Egyptian blue), green (a mixture of Egyptian blue, yellow ochre, and orpiment) and two of black (carbon black, from charcoal). It belonged to Amenemope, who was vizier, or prime minister, under Amenhotep II. Amenemope probably used his paint box for recreation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79474134"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1914.680-paint-box-of-vizier"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition, June 6-September 20, 1916. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916.", "page_number": "p. 205, no. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAInExhib_80860/page/n275/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Williams, Caroline Ransom. \"The Egyptian Collection in the Museum of Art at Cleveland, Ohio (Continued).\" <em>The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</em> 5, no. 4 (1918).", "page_number": "p. 278", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3853580"}, {"citation": "Rhodes, Lynette I. <em>Science Within Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Egypt's Golden Age, the Art of Living in the New Kingdom, 1558-1085 B.C.: Catalogue of the Exhibition.</em> Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1982.", "page_number": "no. 398", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freed, Rita E. <em>Ramesses the Great: The Pharaoh and His Time</em>. Charlotte, N.C.: Mint Museum of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum, and Getty Conservation Institute. <em>In the Tomb of Nefertari: Conservation of the Wall Paintings.</em> [Malibu, Calif.]: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1992.", "page_number": "no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schulz, Regine, Matthias Seidel, and Hartwig Altenmu\u0308ller. <em>Egypt: the world of the pharaohs</em>. Ko\u0308ln: Ko\u0308nemann, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 348, fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 312, Color p. 57; Mentioned: p. 311-312", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strosberg, Eliane. <em>Art and Science</em>. Paris: Unesco Publ, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vandenbeusch, Marie, Aude Semat, and Margaret Maitland. <em>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art ; London : The British Museum, 2016. <br><br><strong><br></strong>", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 113, 165; Reproduced: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tedbury, Imogen. \"Our Woman in Cairo: Lucy Olcott Perkin's Work as an Agent for the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Art Market and the Museum: Institutional Collecting, Display and Patronage since the Mid-Nineteenth Century. </em>Edited by Frances Fowle, and MaryKate Cleary, 167-183. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 173; Reproduced: pl. 14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1914.680", "images": {"annotation": "Top", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "900", "filesize": "80650", "filename": "1914.680_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_print.jpg", "width": "2671", "height": "3400", "filesize": "921046", "filename": "1914.680_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "13561", "filesize": "433381496", "filename": "1914.680_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "308", "filesize": "63640"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1165", "filesize": "592462"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt0_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "4866", "filesize": "207375840"}, "date_created": "2026-03-23T16:31:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "304", "filesize": "62873"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1147", "filesize": "572145"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt1_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "4792", "filesize": "204222564"}, "date_created": "2026-03-23T16:36:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "681", "filesize": "93707"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2571", "filesize": "1193379"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7137", "height": "5396", "filesize": "115560096"}, "date_created": "2026-03-23T16:41:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "678", "filesize": "91392"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2561", "filesize": "1153052"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt3_full.tif", "width": "7137", "height": "5375", "filesize": "115110432"}, "date_created": "2026-03-23T16:45:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "900", "filesize": "74763"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2674", "height": "3400", "filesize": "870901"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt4_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "13546", "filesize": "432901952"}, "date_created": "2026-03-23T16:12:29", "annotation": "Bottom"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "665", "height": "893", "filesize": "361909"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2533", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5521205"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.680/1914.680_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4470", "height": "6000", "filesize": "80490256"}, "date_created": "2007-03-29T13:57:54", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "e1e90352bbba4c56bac899deb16bf6c4", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/e1e90352bbba4c56bac899deb16bf6c4", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 94136, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1914-01-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1427, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1427\u20131401 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:36.288000"}, {"id": 136390, "accession_number": "1960.26", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Aeneas Saving Anchises at the Fall of Troy, 1587\u201388. Federico Barocci (Italian, 1528\u20131612). Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash and yellow gouache heightened with traces of white, over black chalk, with stylus (banister); framing lines in pen and brown ink; sheet: 27.7 x 42.6 cm (10 7/8 x 16 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, L. E. Holden Fund, 1960.26", "current_location": null, "title": "Aeneas Saving Anchises at the Fall of Troy", "creation_date": "1587\u201388", "creation_date_earliest": 1587, "creation_date_latest": 1588, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash and yellow gouache heightened with traces of white, over black chalk, with stylus (banister); framing lines in pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "gray-green laid paper, laid down on cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 27.7 x 42.6 cm (10 7/8 x 16 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.277, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.426, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower left, in brown ink: 17 ; lower right, in brown ink: [illegible] ; lower right, in brown ink: 55 ; VERSO OF SECONDARY SUPPORT, center, in brown ink: Intagliato da Agostino Caracci. Il quadro \u00e8 in Casa Borghese . [sideways] ; upper right, in graphite: 2767 [circled] ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 348912, "title": "Art in Italy, 1600-1700", "description": "<i>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (April 6-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520993, "title": "Art in Italy, 1600-1700", "description": "<i>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (April 6-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361406, "title": "Old Master Drawings from American Collections", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from American Collections</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (April 29-June 13, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443742, "title": "The Graphic Art of Frederico Barocci", "description": "<i>The Graphic Art of Frederico Barocci</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 15-March 25, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 303167, "title": "The Graphic Art of Federico Barocci", "description": "<i>The Graphic Art of Federico Barocci</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 15-March 26, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443742, "title": "The Graphic Art of Frederico Barocci", "description": "<i>The Graphic Art of Frederico Barocci</i>. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (April 15-June 4, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304379, "title": "The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles", "description": "<i>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 6-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311462, "title": "Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650", "description": "<i>Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 20, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-08-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (gallery 117): June 3, 2013 - October 7, 2013.", "opening_date": "2013-06-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640), Antwerp, (according to Jaff\u00e9 1963).", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Michael Jaff\u00e9, \u201cThe Figurative Arts of the West c. 1400-1800,\u201d <em>Apollo </em>(December 19630: 457-467.</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Pierre Crozat (1665-1740), Paris.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1740", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "his sale, 10 April-13 May 1741, lot 248.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1741", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Jean Baptiste Fran\u00e7ois Nourri (1697-1784), Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1784", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "his sale, 24 February-14 March 1785, lot 119.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1785", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Charles Paul Jean Baptiste de Bourgevin Vialart de Moligny, comte de Saint-Morys (1743-1795), Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Guichardot, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1875", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "his sale, Paris, 7-10 July 1875, no. 18", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1875", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "with Erardo Aeschlimann, Milan.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1960-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing may have been once owned by the painter Peter Paul Rubens (1577\u20131640).", "description": "In book two of Virgil's epic poem <em>The Aeneid</em> (29-19 BC), the Trojan hero Aeneas escapes from the burning city of Troy and its Greek invaders with his family. Here the artist shows them making their way through a classical corridor. Aeneas carries his elderly father, Anchises, entrusted with holding their household gods. Aeneas holds the hand of his son, Ascanius, and his wife Creusa follows behind. Creusa's separation from the group alludes to her fate: she will fall behind and not survive their flight. Quick sketches on the right border of the sheet show Barocci practicing the balancing pose of Aeneas as he carries his father, and the stance of Creusa. The drawing relates to a now lost painting by Barocci and was also made into an engraving by Agostino Carracci (see CMA 1963.456). Details in the drawing such as the dog bounding down the stairs and Creusa's flowing hair and head scarf do not appear in the engraving.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80030271"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.26-aeneas-saving-anchis"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review 1960.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>47, no. 72 (December 1960).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 253, under n. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cTwo Italian Drawings,\u201d October 25, 1960, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0629"}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise. \"Federico Barocci: A Study for <em>Aeneas' Flight from Troy</em>.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>48 (April 1961): 63-65.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 63-65; Reproduced: p. 63, n. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olsen, Harald. <em>Federico Barocci</em>. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 182; Reproduced: n. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael. \"The Figurative Arts of the West c. 1400-1800.\" <em>Apollo </em>(December 1963): 457-467.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 466; Reproduced: p. 462, n. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cummings, Frederick J. <em>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</em>. Detroit, MI: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 73, under n. 63; Reproduced: p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n124"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n124"}, {"citation": "G\u00fcnther, Hubertus. \"Uffizien 135 A- Eine Studie Baroccis.\" <em>Mitteilungen des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz </em>14 (1970): 239-246.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 242", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bacou, Roseline. <em>Cartons d'artistes du XVe au XIXe si\u00e8cle</em>. Paris: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19, under n. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gaeta Bertel\u00e0, Giovanna. <em>Disegni di Federico Barocci: Catalogo della mostra</em>. Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61, under n. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Feinblatt, Ebria. <em>Old Master Drawings from American Collections</em>. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 92, under n. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morford, Mark P. O., and Robert J. Lenardon. <em>Classical Mythology</em>, 2nd edition. New York: David McKay Company, Inc., 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 326", "url": null}, {"citation": "G\u00fcnther, Hubertus. \"Federico Barocci 'Die Flucht des \u00c4neas aus Troja': Zur Geschichte des Bildes.\" <em>Weltkunst </em>47 (October 1977): 1858-1859.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1859; Reproduced: p.1858", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n136"}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P., and Louise S. Richards. <em>The Graphic Art of Federico Barocci: Selected Drawings and Prints. </em>New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 9-10, 77-78, under n. 54; Reproduced: p. 77, n. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters, Gary R. <em>Federico Barocci: Anima Naturaliter</em>. New York and London: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 129 and 201, note 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bohlin, Diane DeGrazia. <em>Prints and Related Drawings by the Carracci Family: A Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 326-328, note 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. Idea to Image: <em>Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 42-44; Reproduced: p. 43, n. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., and Jane Glaubinger.<em> The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 8, 55, 60, 61-63, under n. 34; Reproduced: p. 62, n. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Emiliani, Andrea. <em>Federico Barocci (Urbino, 1535-1612)</em>, vol. 2. Bologna: Nuova Alfa Editoriale, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 236; Reproduced: p. 237, n. 490", "url": null}, {"citation": "Miller, Michael. <em>Drawing: A Glossary of Materials: Selections from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Larsen, Erik. \"Ein unbekanntes Hauptwerk des Peter Paul Rubens aus seiner italienischen Zeit 'Die Flucht des \u00c4neas aus Troja.' \" <em>Pantheon </em>52 (1994): 79-85.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 82-84; Reproduced: p. 80, n. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 40-41, 284; Reproduced: p. 41, n. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldner, George G. \" Review of Master Drawings from The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Master Drawings</em> 40, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 174-176.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 175, under n. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., edited. <em>A Corpus of Drawings in Midwestern Collections: Sixteenth-Century Italian Drawings</em>, vol. 1. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 33-34, under n. 29; Reproduced: p. 33, n. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mann, Judith Walker, Babette Bohn, with Carol Plazzotta. <em>Federico Barocci: Renaissance Master of Color and Line</em>. St. Louis, MO: Saint Louis Art Museum; New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 274 and 281, note 13", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.26", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.26/1960.26_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "828", "filesize": "240742", "filename": "1960.26_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.26/1960.26_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2230", "filesize": "1678308", "filename": "1960.26_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.26/1960.26_full.tif", "width": "6020", "height": "3949", "filesize": "71353760", "filename": "1960.26_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.26/1960.26_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "814", "filesize": "950853"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.26/1960.26_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1320", "filesize": "2562486"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.26/1960.26_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1320", "filesize": "8112900"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "L. E. Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136390, "creators": [{"id": 1180, "description": "Federico Barocci (Italian, 1528\u20131612)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1528", "death_year": "1612", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-03-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1587, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1587\u201388", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Study for Aeneas' Flight from Troy"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:57:39.972000"}, {"id": 142294, "accession_number": "1966.126", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "David Victorious over Goliath, 1722. Giovanni Battista Foggini (Italian, 1652\u20131725). Terracotta; overall: 41.3 x 47.6 x 31.5 cm (16 1/4 x 18 3/4 x 12 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Harold T. Clark in memory of Mrs. William B. Sanders, 1966.126", "current_location": "301 Baroque Sculpture Mezzanine", "title": "David Victorious over Goliath", "creation_date": "1722", "creation_date_earliest": 1722, "creation_date_latest": 1722, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 18th century"], "technique": "terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41.3 x 47.6 x 31.5 cm (16 1/4 x 18 3/4 x 12 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.413, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.476, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.315, "depth_inch": 12, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445084, "title": "The Twilight of the Medici: Late Baroque Art in Florence, 1670 - 1743", "description": "<i>The Twilight of the Medici: Late Baroque Art in Florence, 1670 - 1743</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (March 15-June 5, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-03-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>La Fiesta di San Luca dagli Academia del Disegno nella loro capella posta nel Chiostro del Monastero del PP della SS Nonziata di Florenze, </em>Florence, 1724.", "opening_date": "1724-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Golden Anniversary Acquisitions, </em>Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, (September 10 - October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Twilight of the Medici,</em> Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI, (March 25 - September 29, 1974), (also traveled to Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy).", "opening_date": "1974-03-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</em>, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 13 - September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Venuti Collection (Florence, Italy)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1724", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Kurt Rossacher (Salzburg, Austria), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "David was a popular figure in Florentine art and often embodied civic liberty.", "description": "This terracotta model was used to cast part of a series of bronzes on religious subjects. Foggini depicted David humbly, a compelling contrast to the more traditional Florentine approach of David as a proud victor. The subject of David was especially important because he had long symbolized Florence: the city was often able to overcome its larger rivals, much like David defeated the giant Goliath.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780821"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.126-david-victorious-ove"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Calafati, Marco, Giovan Battista Foggini, and Palazzo Medici Riccardi. <em>Giovan Battista Foggini : Architetto E Scultore Granducale.</em> Edited by Riccardo Spinelli. Firenze: Edifir edizioni Firenze, 2025.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lankheit, Klaus.<em> Die Modellsammlung der Porzellanmanufaktur Doccia : ein Dokument italienischer Barockplastik</em>. M\u00fcnchen: Bruckmann, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119-20, fig. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Nota de quadri e opere di scultura desono esposti per la Fiesta de San Luca dagli accademici del Disegno nella loro capella posta nel Chriostro del Monastero de PP. della SS Nonziata de Firenze</em>. Florence: Piero Matini, 1724.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8; 19-21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lankheit, Klaus. <em>Florentinische Barockplastik; die Kunst am Hofe der letzten Medici,</em> 1670-1743. [M\u00fcnchen]: F. Bruckmann, 1962.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n167"}, {"citation": "Negri, Renata. <em>La Scultura Barocca</em>. [Milano]: [Fratelli Fabbri], 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Sherman E. Lee. <em>Golden Anniversary Acquisitions [Exhibition].</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, September 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 233; mentioned: p. 277, no. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Broeder, Frederick Den, and John D. Cooney. \u201cGiovanni Battista Foggini: David with the Head of Goliath.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 1 (January 1967): 22\u201326.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23-24; Reproduced: p. 22-23, figs. 1-2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152136"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 143", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n167"}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P., and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Florence and the Arts; Five Centuries of Patronage</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, September 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned no. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts, Founders Society, and Palazzo Pitti. <em>The Twilight of the Medici : Late Baroque Art in Florence</em>, 1670-1743, Detroit, the Detroit Institute of Arts, 27 March-2 June, 1974. Florence, Palazzo Pitti, 28 June-30 September, 1974. Exhibition Sponsored by Founders Society, the Detroit Institute of Arts, and the City of Florence. [Florence]: Centro Di; [distribution in U.S.: Wayne State University Press, Detroit], 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n162"}, {"citation": "Androssow, Sergey O. \u201cFlorentiner Bronzen Des Sp\u00e4tbarock in Museen Der UdSSR.\u201d <em>Mitteilungen Des Kunsthistorischen Institutes in Florenz</em> 24, no. 2 (1980): 237\u201350.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/27652499"}, {"citation": "Casciu, Stefano, and Galleria Palatina. <em>La Principessa Saggia : L\u2019eredit\u00e0 Di Anna Maria Luisa De\u2019 Medici, Elettrice Palatina</em>. Livorno: Sillabe, 2006.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Warren, Jeremy, Francesca G. Bewer, Leda Cosentino, Richard Dorment, Wallace Collection (London, England), Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, and Minneapolis Institute of Arts. <em>Beauty &amp; Power : Renaissance and Baroque Bronzes from the Peter Marino Collection.</em> London: Wallace Collection, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 244", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.126", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_web.jpg", "width": "971", "height": "893", "filesize": "484623", "filename": "1966.126_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3128", "filesize": "5135888", "filename": "1966.126_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_full.tif", "width": "4007", "height": "3687", "filesize": "44352892", "filename": "1966.126_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1035", "height": "893", "filesize": "491050"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2933", "filesize": "4535349"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4199", "height": "3622", "filesize": "45657296"}, "date_created": "2006-05-08T15:04:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "863", "height": "893", "filesize": "390545"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3287", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4914968"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3513", "height": "3634", "filesize": "38329192"}, "date_created": "2006-05-08T15:20:48", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "772", "height": "893", "filesize": "376425"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2938", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4825014"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.126/1966.126_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3182", "height": "3682", "filesize": "35179160"}, "date_created": "2006-05-08T15:30:24", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Harold T. Clark in memory of Mrs. William B. Sanders", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "05c56014731d4ee2a28190cfc5171b6b", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/05c56014731d4ee2a28190cfc5171b6b", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142294, "creators": [{"id": 5532, "description": "Giovanni Battista Foggini (Italian, 1652\u20131725)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1652", "death_year": "1725", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1722, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1722", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["David and Goliath"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:09.765000"}, {"id": 144924, "accession_number": "1970.13", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Enthroned Virgin with the Writing Christ Child, c. 1400. Franco-Netherlandish, active Paris(?), 15th century. Limestone with polychromy and gilding; overall: 44.8 x 31.5 x 15 cm (17 5/8 x 12 3/8 x 5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1970.13", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Enthroned Virgin with the Writing Christ Child", "creation_date": "c. 1400", "creation_date_earliest": 1395, "creation_date_latest": 1405, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Franco-Netherlandish, active Paris(?), 15th century"], "technique": "limestone with polychromy and gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 44.8 x 31.5 x 15 cm (17 5/8 x 12 3/8 x 5 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.448, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.315, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.15, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442290, "title": "Le Siecle de Charles V (The Century of Charles V)", "description": "<i>Le Siecle de Charles V (The Century of Charles V)</i>. R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux - Grand Palais, Paris cedex 12, France (October 10, 1981-February 1, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 217179, "title": "Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI", "description": "<i>Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (March 22-July 19, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Dr. Kurt Rossacher, Salzburg, Austria).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Here the Virgin is sitting on a highly decorated pillow.", "description": "This sculpture belongs to a tradition of seated Virgins that were prominent in Netherlandish art in the decades around 1400, and by extension may be associated with the Valois courts at Paris, Dijon, and Bourges. The theme of the Christ child who writes into an open book or onto a vellum banderole emerged during the third quarter of the 14th century and had great appeal among ecclesiastical and aristocratic clients. It undoubtedly refers to the educating and nurturing role of the mother in teaching the child, but also to the future position of the adult Christ as author and teacher. The small scale of this sculpture and the fact that its back is uncarved suggest that it was made for a small alcove or niche, appropriate in the intimate setting of a small chapel or oratory. The sculpture would have primarily been viewed from the front and perhaps from slightly below.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762821"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.13-enthroned-virgin-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Parkhurst, Jr. Charles P. \"The Madonna of the Writing Christ Child\" <em>Art Bulletin 2</em>3 (1941).", "page_number": "p. 292ff, figs., 30, 31-35.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mu\u0308ller, Theodor, Elaine Scott, and William Robson Scott. <em>Sculpture in the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Spain: 1400 to 1500</em>. Baltimore: Penguin, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 18, pl. 12a", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAn Enthroned Madonna with the Writing Christ Child.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 9 (1970).", "page_number": "pp. 287-302", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152349"}, {"citation": "Dogaer, Georges \"Bulletin Codicologique\" <em>Scriptorium </em>25, no. 2 (1971).", "page_number": "p. 414, paragraph 1104", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boccador, Jacqueline, and E\u0301douard Bresset. <em>Statuaire me\u0301die\u0301vale de collection. ([Zu</em>g]: [E\u0301ditions] Les Clefs du temps, 1972.", "page_number": "p. 23, repr. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "J.G. Alexander, Jonathan \"A Propos des Fastes du gothique,\" <em>Revue de L'Art</em>, no. 57 (1982).", "page_number": "p. 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schwarz, Michael Viktor. <em>Ho\u0308fische Skulptur im 14. Jahrhundert: Entwicklungsphasen und Vermittlungswege im Vorfeld des Weichen Stils.</em> Worms [Germany]: Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft Worms, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 643, pl. 80", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Forsyth, William A. \"A Fifteenth-Century Virgin and Child Attributed to Clax de Werve,\" <em>Metropolitan Museum Journal </em>21 (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986).", "page_number": "p. 52, repr. fig. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Duby, Georges, Xavier Barral i Altet, and Sophie Guillot de Suduiraut. Sculpture: The Great Art of the Middle Ages from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Century. New York: Skira/Rizzoli, 1990.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre.<em> Paris, 1400: les arts sous Charles VI</em>. [Paris]: Fayard, 2004.", "page_number": "cat. no. 214, p.336", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my.<em> Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419 : Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005. </em>[Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "cat.no.131, pp. 338-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Laguna-Chevillotte, Agnieszka. \"Le Christ-Verbe: Remarques sur la fortune du th\u00e8me dans la statuaire mariale de la mouvance royale.\" In <em>La cr\u00e9ation artistique en France autour de 1400</em>, edited by Elisabeth Taburet-Delahaye. Rencontres de l'\u00c9cole du Louvre 19. Paris: Ecole du Louvre, 2006.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 200-201, no. 72", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 186, repr. p. 187, no. 67", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Woelk, Moritz. Zwei Alabasterreliefs mit der Verk\u00fcndigung an Maria, franko-fl\u00e4misch, um 1410-1420, K\u00f6ln, Museum Schn\u00fctgen = two alabaster reliefs with the annunciation to the Virgin, Franco-Flemish, ca. 1410-1420, Cologne, Museum Schn\u00fctgen. [Berlin] : Kulturstiftung der La\u0308nder in Verbindung mit dem Museum Schnu\u0308tgen, Ko\u0308ln 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87, fig. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Woelk, Moritz. <em>Zwei Alabasterreliefs mit der Verku\u0308ndigung an Maria, franko-fla\u0308misch, um 1410-1420, Ko\u0308ln, Museum Schnu\u0308tgen = Two alabaster reliefs with the Annunciation to the Virgin, Franco-Flemish, ca. 1410-1420, Cologne, Museum Schnu\u0308tgen.</em> 2020.", "page_number": "Abb. 33, p. 87", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.13", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.13/1970.13_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "893", "filesize": "371953", "filename": "1970.13_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.13/1970.13_print.jpg", "width": "2600", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4738644", "filename": "1970.13_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "9ec47d9d285e4f40b22ef8e405923123", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/9ec47d9d285e4f40b22ef8e405923123", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144924, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1395, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1400", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Enthroned Virgin with the Writing Christ Child"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:41.982000"}, {"id": 167142, "accession_number": "2009.157", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, 1880. Gustave Caillebotte (French, 1848\u20131894). Oil on canvas; unframed: 81.3 x 65.6 cm (32 x 25 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Muriel Butkin, 2009.157", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "1880", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1880, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 81.3 x 65.6 cm (32 x 25 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.813, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.656, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 216780, "title": "Impressionism, Fashion, and Modernity", "description": "<i>Impressionism, Fashion, and Modernity</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (September 25, 2012-January 12, 2013); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 19-May 27, 2013); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (June 29-September 29, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-09-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177300, "title": "Gustave Caillebotte: The Painter's Eye", "description": "<i>Gustave Caillebotte: The Painter's Eye</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (June 28-October 4, 2015); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (November 8, 2015-February 14, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-06-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 543250, "title": "Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894): Painting Men", "description": "<i>Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894): Painting Men</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (organizer) (October 8, 2024-January 19, 2025); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (February 25-May 25, 2025); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (June 29-October 5, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-08T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Gustave Caillebotte.</em> Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France (1994); Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (1995).", "opening_date": "1994-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections.</em> Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX; Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1999).", "opening_date": "1999-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Galerie Braume and Lorenceau, Paris, France, acquired from the artist's family)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Noah Butkin [1918-1980], Shaker Heights, OH by inheritance to his wife, Muriel Butkin [1915-2008]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972-2009", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Estate of Muriel Butkin, Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-2009", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The subject of this portrait is Albert Courtier, Gustave Caillebotte's notary as well as a lifelong family friend.", "description": "This portrait of Albert Courtier was painted in the fourth-floor apartment at 31 boulevard Hausmann in Paris that Gustave Caillebotte shared with his brother Martial. The interior and balcony of this apartment provided the setting for numerous paintings of men in Caillebotte\u2019s social circle surveying the city. Courtier\u2019s pose and unguarded gaze suggest a comfortable rapport with the artist. Their relationship was close: Courtier posed for Caillebotte on several occasions, owned four of the artist\u2019s paintings, and designated his friend as godfather to his eldest daughter.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480468"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.157-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Berhaut, Marie. <em>Caillebotte: sa vie et son oeuvre : catalogue raisonne\u0301 des peintures et pastels</em>. Paris, France: La Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p, 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berhaut, Marie, and Sophie Pietri. <em>Gustave Caillebotte: catalogue raisonne\u0301 des peintures et pastels</em>. Paris, France: Wildenstein Institute, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Distel, Anne. <em>Gustave Caillebotte, Urban Impressionist</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 206-207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Distel, Anne. <em>Gustave Caillebotte: The Unknown Impressionist</em>. London, United Kingdom: Royal Academy of Arts, in association with Ludion Press, Ghent, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 206-207, Mentioned: p. 244-245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnston, Sona, Susan Bollendorf, and John House. <em>Faces of Impressionism: Portraits from American Collections</em>. Baltimore, MD: Baltimore Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46-47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mann, C. Griffith. \u201cAcquisitions 2009.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 50, no. 2 (March/April 2010): 12-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-02/page/n15/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Groom, Gloria Lynn. <em>L'impressionnisme et la mode</em>. Paris, France: Musee d'Orsay, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212, no. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Groom, Gloria Lynn. <em>Impressionism, Fashion, &amp; Modernity</em>. Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145, 294", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bougault, Val\u00e9rie. \u201cL\u2019Impressionisme en Habits.\u201d <em>Connaissance Des Arts </em>708 (October 2012): 48\u201357.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morton, Mary G., George T. M. Shackelford, and Gustave Caillebotte. <em>Gustave Caillebotte: The Painter's Eye</em>. Washington, DC : National Gallery of Art ; Chicago, IL : Hardcover copublished by the University of Chicago Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 143, no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marrinan, Michael. <em>Gustave Caillebotte: Painting the Paris of Naturalism, 1872-1887. </em>Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 220, fig. 111 Mentioned: p. 224,226, 229, 232", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ng, Aimee, Xavier F. Salomon, Stephen Truax, Hanya Yanagihara, and Jonathan Anderson. <em>Living Histories: Queer Views and Old Masters</em>. New York : The Frick Collection ; Lewes : in association with D Giles Limited, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 68-69, fig. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Masterpieces from the Collection of Sam Josefowitz: A Lifetime of Discovery and Scholarship.</em> London: Christie's, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 223", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Allan, Scott, Gloria Lynn Groom, and Paul Perrin, eds. <em>Gustave Caillebotte: Painting Men</em>. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71-72, 212; Reproduced: p. 143, no. 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay, J. Paul Getty Museum, and Art Institute of Chicago. <em>Caillebotte: Peindre Les Hommes, </em>edited by Scott Allan, Gloria Lynn Groom, and Paul Perrin. Vanves, Paris: Hazan; Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137, no. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ameille, Brice. \u201cLes intuitions d'un Portraitiste.\" <em>Dossiers de l\u2019Art</em> 321 (September 2024): 50-55", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51; Mentioned: p. 52", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.157", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.157/2009.157_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "900", "filesize": "205965", "filename": "2009.157_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.157/2009.157_print.jpg", "width": "2732", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2947505", "filename": "2009.157_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.157/2009.157_full.tif", "width": "11481", "height": "14288", "filesize": "492153660", "filename": "2009.157_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.157/2009.157_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "456701"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.157/2009.157_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6870571"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.157/2009.157_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4290", "height": "5362", "filesize": "69041392"}, "date_created": "2009-06-23T13:03:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.157/2009.157_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "893", "filesize": "501362"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.157/2009.157_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2753", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8982202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.157/2009.157_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4545", "height": "5614", "filesize": "76578040"}, "date_created": "2009-06-23T12:57:22", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Muriel Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 167142, "creators": [{"id": 26343, "description": "Gustave Caillebotte (French, 1848\u20131894)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1848", "death_year": "1894", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-06-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1880", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:37:38.985000"}, {"id": 110060, "accession_number": "1928.661", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study for \"The Romancer\" (Le Conteur), c. 1716. Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684\u20131721). Red chalk; red and black chalk (upper left figure); sheet: 35 x 27.5 cm (13 3/4 x 10 13/16 in.); secondary support: 35.1 x 27.8 cm (13 13/16 x 10 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1928.661", "current_location": null, "title": "Study for \"The Romancer\" (Le Conteur)", "creation_date": "c. 1716", "creation_date_earliest": 1711, "creation_date_latest": 1721, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "red chalk; red and black chalk (upper left figure)", "support_materials": [{"description": "two sheets (joined) of yellow-beige(2) laid paper laid down on cream(3) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 35 x 27.5 cm (13 3/4 x 10 13/16 in.); Secondary Support: 35.1 x 27.8 cm (13 13/16 x 10 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.35, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.275, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.351, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.278, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "<i>Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361222, "title": "Fourth Anniversary Exhibition: Six Centuries of Drawings", "description": "<i>Fourth Anniversary Exhibition: Six Centuries of Drawings</i>. Lyman Allyn Art Museum, New London, CT (organizer) (March 2-April 15, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-03-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361361, "title": "Original Prints and Drawings by Masters of Berlin Museum Paintings", "description": "<i>Original Prints and Drawings by Masters of Berlin Museum Paintings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-March 27, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361403, "title": "The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists", "description": "<i>The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists</i>. Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, MN (January 24-March 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>18th Century Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "<i>French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 203744, "title": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints", "description": "<i>Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 17, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Mask of Comedy: The Art of Italian Commedia. </em>J. B. Speed Memorial Art Museum, Louisville, KY (September 11 - November 4, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-09-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Watteau, 1684-1721. </em>National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (June 17 - September 23, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-06-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>17th and 18th Century Genre and French Drawings</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 31 - August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The 18th Century: 100 Drawings by 100 Artists. </em>University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (January 24 - March 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>F\u00eates Galantes. </em>Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond (January 20 - March 5, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Eighteenth Century. </em>Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. (April 26 - May 31, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-04-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Drawings by Old and Modern Masters from the Collection</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art (June 21 - September 30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Forty Drawings from the Collection. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art (May 21 - November 25, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-05-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Lace, Drawings, and Furniture from the Museum Collection</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art (July 11 - September 3, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-07-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Andrew James, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sarah Ann James, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1891", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(her sale, London, Christie's, June 22-23, 1891, no. 334)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1891", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Agnew, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Richard Owen, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1928", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean Antoine Watteau likely drew this sheet from a combination of life study and imagination, working from a model and adding other elements of his own creation.", "description": "This sheet was a preparatory study for the painting <em>The Romancer</em>. An actor in the costume of Mezzetin, a stock character of the commedia dell\u2019arte (a type of satirical theatrical entertainment of Italian origin popular in aristocratic circles in 18th-century France), interrupts a guitarist with a bold sexual advance. Another actor dressed as the French pantomime stock character Pierrot peers lasciviously over the young musician\u2019s shoulder. A more detailed study of Pierrot\u2019s head occupies the upper left corner of the sheet, demonstrating Jean Antoine Watteau\u2019s experimentation with how to most effectively depict a lecherous gaze.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753702"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1928.661-study-for-the-romanc"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "H. S. F. \u201c\u2018The Romancer,\u2019 a Drawing by Jean Antoine Watteau.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 10 (1929): 179\u201381.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; mentioned: pp. 179-181.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137253."}, {"citation": "H. S. F. \"Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 19, no. 10 (1932): 166-75.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 167", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137511"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91; Reproduced: p. 104", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 591", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n111"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n195"}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \u201cThe Watteau and Chardin of Marcel Proust.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 1 (January 1982): 18\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 24-25, fig. 12", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159754"}, {"citation": "Goldfarb, Hilliard T. \u201cBoucher\u2019s \u2018Pastoral Scene with Family at Rest\u2019 and the Image of the Pastoral in Eighteenth-Century France.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 3 (March 1984): 82\u201389.", "page_number": "MEntioned and reproduced: p. 86, fig. 9", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159852"}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \u201cThree Guitars: Reflections of Italian Comedy in Watteau, Daumier, and Picasso.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 4 (April 1984): 116\u2013129.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 118, fig. 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159858"}, {"citation": "<em>The Mask of Comedy: The Art of Italian Commedia</em>. Exh. Cat. Louisville, KY: J. B. Speed Memorial Art Museum, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 10", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1928.661", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.661/1928.661_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "893", "filesize": "106596", "filename": "1928.661_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.661/1928.661_print.jpg", "width": "2664", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2198726", "filename": "1928.661_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.661/1928.661_full.tif", "width": "5705", "height": "7279", "filesize": "124602144", "filename": "1928.661_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.661/1928.661_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "701", "height": "893", "filesize": "516740"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.661/1928.661_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1957", "filesize": "2521332"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.661/1928.661_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1957", "filesize": "9021172"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 110060, "creators": [{"id": 14067, "description": "Jean-Antoine Watteau (French, 1684\u20131721)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1684", "death_year": "1721", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1928-11-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1711, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1716", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Study for \"Le Conteur\"", "The Story Teller", "Study for the Romancer"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 11:24:18.755000"}, {"id": 145452, "accession_number": "1971.100", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cupid (Amor), c. 1630. Johann Liss (German, c. 1597\u20131631). Oil on canvas; framed: 108 x 86 x 6.5 cm (42 1/2 x 33 7/8 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 87.7 x 65.7 cm (34 1/2 x 25 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1971.100", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Cupid (Amor)", "creation_date": "c. 1630", "creation_date_earliest": 1625, "creation_date_latest": 1635, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - German before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 108 x 86 x 6.5 cm (42 1/2 x 33 7/8 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 87.7 x 65.7 cm (34 1/2 x 25 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.08, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.86, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.877, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.657, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1971</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 216812, "title": "Caravaggio: Behold the Man", "description": "<i>Caravaggio: Behold the Man</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2011-February 14, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 232167, "title": "Le Caravagisme Europ\u00e9en", "description": "<i>Le Caravagisme Europ\u00e9en</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Augustins, Toulouse, France (organizer) (June 22-October 14, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-06-22T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Genoa, Palazzo Reale, 1947: \"Mostra della pittura del Seicento e Settecento in Liguria,\" cat. no. 146, illus. (catalogue by Antonio Morassi).", "opening_date": "1947-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Venice, Ca'Pissaro, 1959: \"La pittura del Seicento a Venezia,\" cat. no. 63, illus.", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, January 1972: \"Year in Review 1971,\" cat., Bull., LIX (January1972), p. 42, no. 54, repr. p. 13.", "opening_date": "1972-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Augsburg, Sadtische kunstsammlungen, 1975: \"johann Liss,\" cat. no. 29, pp. 23, 70, 101-103, 104, 106, 108, color frontispiece (catalogue by R\u00fcdiger klessmann, Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, and Louise Richards). The Cleveland Museum of Art (1975/76).", "opening_date": "1976-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus Museum of Art, OH (10/21/2011 - 2/5/2012): \"Caravaggio: Behold the Man\"", "opening_date": "2011-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mus\u00e9e des Augustins, Toulouse, France (6/22/2012 - 10/14/2012): \"Le Caravagisme Europ\u00e9en\", ex. cat. no. 101, p. 376-377.", "opening_date": "2012-06-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Heim Gallery, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1971", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Probably Enrica Basevi, Genoa1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Alessandro\u2019s daughter, Enrica Basevi, wrote to CMA curator Anne Tzeutschler Lurie in 1972 that after the death of her father, his collection of paintings had been dispersed.&nbsp; It is unclear at this point whether the Liss was sold privately or at auction.&nbsp; It does appear that Enrica had the painting in her possession at least briefly after her father\u2019s death, as a certificate of authenticity for the painting was later found among her belongings.</div>"], "date": "Probably 1959-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Alessandro Basevi [1877-1959], Genoa, probably by descent to his daughter, Enrica Basevi1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1In March 1944, Basevi\u2019s collection of silver, gold, and other precious objects was seized by the SS (J.B. Ward Perkins, letter to Chief, MFAA Branch, October 13, 1945, Subject: Property of Alessandro Basevi, Genova.&nbsp; Italian Miscellaneous Correspondence. Records Relating to Claims.&nbsp; Record Group 260.&nbsp; National Archives Identifier 1561450.&nbsp; M1926, Roll 111, pages 388-418.&nbsp; <em>Fold3.com, http://www.fold3.com/image/274406062</em>, retrieved May 21, 2014).&nbsp; It seems that Basevi retained possession of the Liss painting throughout the war, as no paintings appear on the list of items confiscated, and his grandson, Andrea Basevi, made no mention of its having been confiscated. The painting was certainly with Basevi in 1947, when he is listed as the owner in an exhibition at the Palazzo Reale in Genoa. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1936-1959", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Galleria Pesaro, Milan, probably sold through Mauro Pellicioli to Alessandro Basevi)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Andrea Basevi, Alessandro Basevi\u2019s grandson, recalled that his grandfather purchased the Liss in November 1936 from the Galleria Pesaro in Milan through a \u201cDr. Pellicioli\u201d \u2013 probably Mauro Pellicioli, a painter and restorer \u2013 who may have acted as an agent or otherwise facilitated the sale.&nbsp; In January of 1937, the Galleria Pesaro held a sale of the Agosti and Mendoza collection.&nbsp; The Liss painting does not appear in the sale catalogue, and thus Mauro Pellicioli, working with the Galleria Pesaro, probably sold it directly to Basevi.&nbsp; Pellicioli is known to have arranged a private treaty sale of a painting he was restoring in his studio on at least one occasion (Giovanni Battista Moroni's <em>Portrait of a Gentleman of Distinction</em> is currently with the heirs of the private collector with whom Pellicioli arranged a sale), and it is possible the Liss was sold through a similar arrangement with Basevi.</div>"], "date": "1936", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Agosti and Mendoza collection, probably consigned to the Galleria Pesaro1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Many of the works in the Agosti and Mendoza collection were formerly part of the Achillito Chiesa collection, which was sold in 1925-27 by the American Art Association in New York.&nbsp; The Liss painting is not listed in that sale catalogue, although that does not preclude the possibility Chiesa owned it at some point.</div>"], "date": "Until 1936", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Liss skillfully combined Dutch, Flemish, and Italian styles to create his own distinct manner.", "description": "Johann Liss studied in Holland and Antwerp, and later (about 1620) traveled to Rome and Venice. His painting of Cupid\u2014also known as Amor, the god of love\u2014displays rich colors and fluid brushwork that were influenced by past Venetian masters (Titian, Tintoretto, or Veronese), while the deep contrasts of light and shadow reveal a stylistic debt to Caravaggio. The directness of Cupid\u2019s gaze and the concentrated energy of his pose create a strong connection with the viewer.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471233"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.100-cupid-amor"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Klessmann, Ru\u0308diger. <em>Johann Liss: A Monograph and Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. Doornspijk, the Netherlands: Davaco, 1999.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. <em>Mostra della pittura del seicento e settecento in Liguria</em>. Milano: Alfieri, 1947. p. 145.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Zeder, Olivier. \"L'Amour vainqueur.\" <em>Corps et Ombres: Caravage et le Caravagisme Europ\u00e9</em>. Milan: 5 Continents, 2012. no. 101, pp. 376\u2013377.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \u201cLiss and the God of Love.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 10 (December 1975): 283\u2013290.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 283, fig. 1, Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152613"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n154"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 174-176; Reproduced: p. 175", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.100", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.100/1971.100_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "362053", "filename": "1971.100_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.100/1971.100_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5519423", "filename": "1971.100_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.100/1971.100_full.tif", "width": "4349", "height": "5807", "filesize": "75805760", "filename": "1971.100_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.100/1971.100_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "893", "filesize": "122896"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.100/1971.100_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2728", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2108566"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.100/1971.100_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5402", "height": "6732", "filesize": "109134620"}, "date_created": "2013-01-25T08:48:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.100/1971.100_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "893", "filesize": "126428"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.100/1971.100_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2741", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1756453"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.100/1971.100_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7440", "filesize": "133962756"}, "date_created": "2013-01-24T15:47:13", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 145452, "creators": [{"id": 2957, "description": "Johann Liss (German, c. 1597\u20131631)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1597", "death_year": "1631", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-09-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1625, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1630", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:23.142000"}, {"id": 141651, "accession_number": "1965.241", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Good Shepherd, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 49.5 x 26 x 16.2 cm (19 1/2 x 10 1/4 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.241", "current_location": "104 Late Antiquity", "title": "The Good Shepherd", "creation_date": "280\u201390 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 280, "creation_date_latest": 290, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Early Christian", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 49.5 x 26 x 16.2 cm (19 1/2 x 10 1/4 x 6 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.495, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.26, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.162, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213591, "title": "Picturing the Bible: The Earliest Christian Art", "description": "<i>Picturing the Bible: The Earliest Christian Art</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (November 18, 2007-March 30, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-11-18T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (11/18/2007 - 3/30/2008): \"Picturing the Bible: The Earliest Christian Art\", ex. cat. no. 21, p. 190-191.", "opening_date": "2007-11-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2009-02-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "According to William Wixom, an unconfirmed report tells us that the entire group (1965.237-1965.247) was found in a single, huge pithos or jar.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(J. J. Klejman, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1965", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 141650, "description": "Jonah Praying, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 47.5 x 14.8 x 20.3 cm (18 11/16 x 5 13/16 x 8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.240", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141645, "description": "Jonah Under the Gourd Vine, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 32.3 x 46.3 x 18 cm (12 11/16 x 18 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.239", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141643, "description": "Jonah Swallowed, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 50.4 x 15.5 x 26.9 cm (19 13/16 x 6 1/8 x 10 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.237", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141644, "description": "Jonah Cast Up, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 41.5 x 36 x 18.5 cm (16 5/16 x 14 3/16 x 7 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.238", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This youthful shepherd appears serene while bearing a large sheep on his broad shoulders. He looks untaxed by this effort and his calm presence seems to put the small sheep at ease, as they frolic at his feet. Since this sculpture was found together with the four Jonah statuettes, it is likely this figure depicts Christ as the Good Shepherd.", "description": "Images of a youthful shepherd standing among his flock and carrying a sheep over his shoulders were popular with Romans of traditional faith as well as Christians living in the Late Roman Empire. Painted on the walls or the ceiling of a burial chamber or carved on a marble sarcophagus, this image might simply invoke the deceased\u2019s hope for a peaceful afterlife spent in a pastoral setting. For Christians, this traditional Roman image took on a more specific meaning. It could be understood to refer to the passage in the Gospel according to John in which Christ said of himself: \"I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.\" (John 10:11). Allegedly found together with the Jonah statuettes, it is indeed likely that this figure represents Christ as the Good Shepherd.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761235"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.241-the-good-shepherd"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n60"}, {"citation": "\u201cEarly Christian Sculptures at Cleveland.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 3 (March 1967): 67\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, p. 77, 86; Mentioned: p. 75, 77, figs. 23, 24", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152146"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n58"}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Margaret English Frazer, and Kurt Weitzmann. Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art Third to Seventh Century. New York: The Museum, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 407-411", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitzmann, Kurt, and Margaret English Frazer.<em> Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art Third to Seventh Century</em> ; Based on the Catalogue to the Exhibition \"Age of Spirituality\", Metropolitan Museum New York, 1977. [New York, NY]: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 406-411", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=efLuB7QPDm8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=cleveland&f=false"}, {"citation": "Kitzinger, Ernst. 1978. \"The Cleveland Marbles\". I Monumenti Cristiani Preconstantiniani.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 653-675", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n54"}, {"citation": "McColl, Donald Alexander. <em>Early Christian Sculptures at Cleveland in Their Eastern Mediterranean Context</em>. 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Lehman, Karen M. \"Sacred and Profane Hellenizing Marbles of the Late Third Century Roman Empire: Secular Portraits and Religious Narrative Sculptures in the Cleveland Museum of Art Reviewed in the Cultural Context.\" M.A. thesis, Kent State University, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. v; Reproduced: p. 105; fig, 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 34-37, no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20 - 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 261", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hornik, Heidi J. \"Freestanding Sculpture.\" In <em>The Routledge Handbook of Early Christian Art.</em>Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen and Mark D. Ellison, editors. Abingdon Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76. fig. 5.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rumscheid, Frank, Sabine Schrenk and Kornelia Kressirer. <em>Go\u0308ttliche Ungerechtigkeit?: Strafen und Glaubenspru\u0308fungen als Themen antiker und fru\u0308hchristlicher Kunst. </em>Petersberg: Dr. M. Imhof, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 305; IV.2.3; Abb. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morgan, Faith Pennick. Dress and Personal Appearance in Late Antiquity: The Clothing of the Middle and Lower Classes. Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2018, 145-146.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 145-146, fig. 175", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Walker, Alicia. \"Iconomachy in Byzantium.\" In T<em>he Image Debate: Figural Representation in Islam and Across the World</em>. Melanie Gibson, editor. London: Gingko, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89, fig. 4; Mentioned: p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bol, Peter, Carola Reinsberg, Renate Bol, D. Kreikenbom, Hans-Ulrich Cain, Heike Richter, and Britta O\u0308zen-Kleine. Plastik der ro\u0308mischen Kaiserzeit vom Regierungsantritt des Antoninus Pius bis zum Ende der Antike. Worms : Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbh, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 189, 191, 193-5; Reproduced: Abb. 181 (bd.2)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Apostolos-Cappadona, Diane, and Gabriele Finaldi. A Guide to Christian Art. 2020, 68.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68, fig. 7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sa\u0301nchez Galera, Jose\u0301 Mari\u0301a, and Gregorio Luri Medrano. La edad de las nueces: los nin\u0303os en el Imperio Romano. Madrid : Ediciones Encuentro S.A., 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282, fig. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Becherer, Joseph Antenucci, and Henry Luttikhuizen. Christ Among Us: Sculptures of Jesus Across the History of Art. Grand Rapids, Michigan : William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19; reproduced: p. 18, 123, no.1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilhite, David E. \"Who is the Good Shepherd? Answers from Early African Sources.\" In <em>Early Christians and Their Art</em>, edited by Mikeal C. Parsons and Robin M. Jensen, 143-174. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157, fig. 6.6, p. 161, fig. 6.7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.241", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.241/1965.241_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "64705", "filename": "1965.241_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.241/1965.241_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "857306", "filename": "1965.241_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.241/1965.241_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99883036", "filename": "1965.241_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.241/1965.241_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "65140"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.241/1965.241_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "850737"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.241/1965.241_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99890012"}, "date_created": "2008-04-15T18:01:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.241/1965.241_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "282251"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.241/1965.241_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4469033"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.241/1965.241_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4250", "height": "5500", "filesize": "70156336"}, "date_created": "2008-04-15T18:15:15", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "6b5142ded40741a3be7376ab59ee04be", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/6b5142ded40741a3be7376ab59ee04be", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141651, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-09-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 280, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "280\u201390 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:21.333000"}, {"id": 140434, "accession_number": "1964.366", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Standing Figure of a Beauty (\u8272\u7d75\u5a66\u4eba\u7acb\u50cf), c. 1690. Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Porcelain with overglaze color enamels (Hizen ware, Kakiemon type); overall: 38 cm (14 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.366", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "Standing Figure of a Beauty", "title_in_original_language": "\u8272\u7d75\u5a66\u4eba\u7acb\u50cf", "creation_date": "c. 1690", "creation_date_earliest": 1685, "creation_date_latest": 1695, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "Porcelain with overglaze color enamels (Hizen ware, Kakiemon type)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 38 cm (14 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.38, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445746, "title": "200 Years of Japanese Porcelain", "description": "<i>200 Years of Japanese Porcelain</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (October 9-November 15, 1970); The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (December 3-27, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-10-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301790, "title": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World", "description": "<i>Ukiyo-e: Floating World</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 11-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300223, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 2-July 9, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-01-02T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-May 6, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 18-November 17, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Japanese Art Rotation (Gallery 236)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 19-December 24, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-04-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Setsu Inosuke \u6fd1\u6d25\u4f0a\u4e4b\u52a9 [1897\u20131969], Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely! One of this fashionable woman's feet is peeking out from under her layered kimono.", "description": "Dressed in layered robes and a jacketlike garment called an <em>uchikake</em> with a lively floral design, figures such as this one may have derived from dolls formed in the likeness of courtesans. It was produced in Hizen Province (in present-day Saga Prefecture on the island of Kyushu) by the Sakaida family of ceramists, the head of which has gone by the first name Kakiemon for many generations. As a result, the studio\u2019s historical works are known as Kakiemon ware. The studio is distinguished for being among the earliest in Japan to use multicolor overglaze enamel and for the milky white of its porcelain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763311"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.366-standing-figure-of-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 285", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n309"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1433"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30\u201364.<br>Published as: <em>An Ukiyo-e Beauty</em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34; Mentioned: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lerner, Martin. \u201cTea-Ceremony Pottery and Export Porcelain.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 9 (November 1967): 267\u2013278, 290-292B.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 276\u2013278, fig. 6, Back Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152177"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 285", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n309"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 387", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n407"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 154\u2013155, no. 158; Reproduced: Color plate after p. 150", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 244", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.366", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_web.jpg", "width": "602", "height": "893", "filesize": "67369", "filename": "1964.366_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_print.jpg", "width": "2293", "height": "3400", "filesize": "662402", "filename": "1964.366_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_full.tif", "width": "3995", "height": "5922", "filesize": "71003904", "filename": "1964.366_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "576", "height": "893", "filesize": "54807"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2192", "height": "3400", "filesize": "530036"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3913", "height": "6067", "filesize": "71247164"}, "date_created": "2012-05-16T13:14:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "552", "height": "893", "filesize": "52028"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2103", "height": "3400", "filesize": "501172"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3852", "height": "6227", "filesize": "71988380"}, "date_created": "2012-05-16T13:56:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "586", "height": "893", "filesize": "56766"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2233", "height": "3400", "filesize": "523996"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.366/1964.366_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4056", "height": "6175", "filesize": "75164216"}, "date_created": "2012-05-16T14:06:21", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140434, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1685, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1690", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:12:53.207000"}, {"id": 113549, "accession_number": "1932.537", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Quatrilobed Plaque, c. 1280\u20131300. France, Paris, Ile-de-France, Gothic period, early 14th century. Gold, translucent enamel; overall: 4.8 x 4.8 cm (1 7/8 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Mary Spedding Milliken Memorial Collection, Gift of William Mathewson Milliken, 1932.537", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Quatrilobed Plaque", "creation_date": "c. 1280\u20131300", "creation_date_earliest": 1280, "creation_date_latest": 1300, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Paris, Ile-de-France, Gothic period, early 14th century"], "technique": "Gold, translucent enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 4.8 x 4.8 cm (1 7/8 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.048, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.048, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 215161, "title": "L'Art en France au temps de Philippe le Bel", "description": "<i>L'Art en France au temps de Philippe le Bel</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France (March 1-June 30, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203147, "title": "Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain", "description": "<i>Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2016-February 26, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, France. Galeries nationales du Grand Palias \"L'art en France au temps de Philippe le Bel\" 3/17 - 6/2/98; exh. cat. no. 134, p. 209-210.", "opening_date": "1998-06-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (10/09/2016-02/26/2017); \u201cMyth and Mystique: Cleveland\u2019s Gothic Table Fountain\u201d.", "opening_date": "2016-10-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Julien was not the only artisan to produce <em>\u00e9maux de plique</em>; therefore, an exact attribution to an artist is problematic.", "description": "This rare four-lobed plaque is a superb example of <em>\u00e9mail de plique</em>, a virtuoso enameling method popular in Paris during the late 1200s with the court of Philip the Fair (reigned 1285\u20131314). Plaques like this were prepared in advance to be attached to larger works including crosses, chalices, reliquaries, or even sewn into precious fabrics for decoration. Given the very distinctive shape of this plaque it is certain to have been created for a specific commission.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757030"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1932.537-quatrilobed-plaque"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "H. F. \u201cA Quatrefoil Medallion of Translucent Enamel.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 20, no. 3 (March 1933): 38\u201341.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 38-41", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137537"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n39"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n77"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 174; Reproduced: p. 175; cat. no.III-3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n201"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n74"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. \u201cGifts to the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 10 (December 1974): 371\u2013383.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 371", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152561"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n78"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Elina Gertsman. <em>Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain</em>. 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 108-111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda, \"A Gem of an Enamel\", <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>, 16 (2017).", "page_number": "p. 16", "url": "https://www.clevelandart.org/sites/default/files/May-June_2017_magazine_web.pdf"}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. \"A Gem of an Enamel: Take a look at a tiny 13th-century plaque from Paris.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 3 (May/June 2017): 16.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-03/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Distefano, Giampaolo. <em>Esmaltis viridibus: lo smalto de plique tra XIII e XIV secolo.</em> Savigliano: L'Artistica Editrice, 2021.", "page_number": "cover, cat no. 6, pp. 158-159", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1932.537", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.537/1932.537_web.jpg", "width": "977", "height": "893", "filesize": "467989", "filename": "1932.537_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.537/1932.537_print.jpg", "width": "2522", "height": "2304", "filesize": "3443966", "filename": "1932.537_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.537/1932.537_full.tif", "width": "2522", "height": "2304", "filesize": "17478452", "filename": "1932.537_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.537/1932.537_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "931", "height": "893", "filesize": "492603"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.537/1932.537_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2187", "height": "2098", "filesize": "3079668"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.537/1932.537_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2187", "height": "2098", "filesize": "13804440"}, "date_created": "2008-09-10T17:17:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.537/1932.537_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "955", "height": "893", "filesize": "511122"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.537/1932.537_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1643", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1665520"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1932.537/1932.537_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1643", "height": "1536", "filesize": "7574196"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Mary Spedding Milliken Memorial Collection, Gift of William Mathewson Milliken", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 113549, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1932-11-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1280, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1280\u20131300", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:58:56.940000"}, {"id": 136294, "accession_number": "1960.180", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Markwippach, 1917. Lyonel Feininger (American, 1871\u20131956). Oil on canvas; framed: 94 x 114 x 6.4 cm (37 x 44 7/8 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 80.6 x 101 cm (31 3/4 x 39 3/4 in.); former: 94 x 114 x 5.5 cm (37 x 44 7/8 x 2 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Lyonel Feininger, 1960.180. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "Markwippach", "creation_date": "1917", "creation_date_earliest": 1917, "creation_date_latest": 1917, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 94 x 114 x 6.4 cm (37 x 44 7/8 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 80.6 x 101 cm (31 3/4 x 39 3/4 in.); Former: 94 x 114 x 5.5 cm (37 x 44 7/8 x 2 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.94, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.14, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.806, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.01, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "former": {"height": 0.94, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.14, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.055, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper left: \"Feininger / 17\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515931, "title": "Lyonel Feininger, 1871-1956: A Memorial Exhibition", "description": "<i>Lyonel Feininger, 1871-1956: A Memorial Exhibition</i>. Norton Museum of Art, West Palm Beach, FL (April 26-May 29, 1966); Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (July 10-August 11, 1966); The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (September 7-October 23, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-04-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 218317, "title": "Lyonel Feininger - From Gelmeroda to Manhattan", "description": "<i>Lyonel Feininger - From Gelmeroda to Manhattan</i>. Neue Nationalgalerie (organizer) (July 3-October 14, 1998); Haus der Kunst, Munich (November 1, 1998-January 24, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-07-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Lyonel Feininge</em>r. Curt Valentin Gallery, New York, NY: (date of exhibition unknown).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Lyonel Feininger</em>. Buchholz Gallery and Willard Gallery, New York, NY (March 11-29, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-11T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Lyonel Feininger Memorial Exhibition, 1959-61, American Tour.</em> San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco, CA (November 6-December 13, 1959); Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minnsapolis, MN (January 6-February 7, 1960); Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 18-March 20, 1960); Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY (April 8-May 8, 1960); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (May 19-June 26, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-11-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Lyonel Feininger [1880-1970], New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1960", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1960-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lyonel Feininger's son Andreas was a noted photographer whose works are also in the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "description": "An American artist who spent much of his early career in Germany, Lyonel Feininger based this composition on sketches he made while hiking near the central German village of Markvippach, as it is properly spelled. Dominated by a church tower, the village\u2019s skyline is rendered through angular, prismlike forms. Two years earlier in this region, the artist encountered his first peacock, describing the experience as \u201cquite mystical\u2014I shall never forget the impression.\u201d Later in life, Feininger referred to <em>Markwippach</em> as his \u201cpeacock picture,\u201d and its palette of bold blues, greens, and golds likely references the bird.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465350"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> XLVII, no. 67 (December 1960): 235.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Lyonel Feininger: Markwippach\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLVIII, no. 4 (April 1961): 72-75.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hess, Hans, and Lyonel Feininger. <em>Lyonel Feininger</em>. New York, NY: Abrams, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp 78, 263; reproduced: p. 83.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christensen, Erwin O. <em>A Guide to Art Museums in the United States</em>. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 193", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n217"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n3/"}, {"citation": "Hunter, Sam, and John M. Jacobus. <em>American Art of the 20th Century: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 222", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n264"}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LXVIII (February 1981):43.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ma\u0308rz, Roland. <em>Lyonel Feininger: von Gelmeroda nach Manhattan : Retrospektive der Gema\u0308lde</em>. Berlin, Germany: G+H Verlag, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 100-101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Egging, Bjo\u0308rn, and Steven Lindberg. <em>Becoming a Bauhaus artist: Lyonel Feininger, woodcuts</em>. Bielefeld, Germany: Kerber, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.180", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Lyonel Feininger", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136294, "creators": [{"id": 3140, "description": "Lyonel Feininger (American, 1871\u20131956)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1871", "death_year": "1956", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-11-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1917, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1917", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:49:41.148000"}, {"id": 168757, "accession_number": "2010.459", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Figures, late 1800s\u2013early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, probably Ngbandi-style carver. Wood, iron alloy, copper alloy, glass beads, plant fiber, and cloth; part 1: 45 x 15.5 x 9.2 cm (17 11/16 x 6 1/8 x 3 5/8 in.); part 2: 41 x 13 x 11.5 cm (16 1/8 x 5 1/8 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.459", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Pair of Figures", "creation_date": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": -1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, probably Ngbandi-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, iron alloy, copper alloy, glass beads, plant fiber, and cloth", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Part 1: 45 x 15.5 x 9.2 cm (17 11/16 x 6 1/8 x 3 5/8 in.); Part 2: 41 x 13 x 11.5 cm (16 1/8 x 5 1/8 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.45, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.155, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.092, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "part 2": {"height": 0.41, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.13, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.115, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338062, "title": "Afrikanische Kunstwerke: Kulturen am Niger", "description": "<i>Afrikanische Kunstwerke: Kulturen am Niger</i>. Villa H\u00fcgel (March 25-June 13, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-03-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 202001, "title": "Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture", "description": "<i>Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture</i>. 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Knoedler &amp; Co., New York, NY (January 14 - January 31, 1914).", "opening_date": "1914-01-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition.</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "the sitter, Mary Anne Jolliffe, n\u00e9e Twyford [1756-1802], and Thomas Samuel Jolliffe [1746-1824], Ammerdown House, Somerset, by descent to William Jolliffe", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1788-1824", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "William Jolliffe, Esq., Ammerdown House, Somerset, by descent to Lord Hylton", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Lord Hylton, Ammerdown Park, Somerset, sold to A.G. Temple", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1911", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mr. A.G. Temple", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Arthur J. Sulley, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1912", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, sold to John L. Severance)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Knoedler purchased the painting from Arthur J. Sulley on April 30, 1912 for $90,000</div>"], "date": "1912-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->John L. Severance purchased the painting from Knoedler for $115,000</div>"], "date": "?-1936", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gainsborough Dupont was the only assistant that his famous uncle Thomas Gainsborough ever took.", "description": "The only assistant his famous uncle ever had, Gainsborough Dupont apprenticed with Thomas Gainsborough before setting up his own studio. It is often difficult to distinguish the late works of both artists. This painting is among Dupont\u2019s best portraits. He captures the beauty of his sitter with soft, flickering brushstrokes, detailing her frilly collar and impressive hairstyle, curled and powdered according to the current style. This portrait originally hung alongside that of her husband Thomas in the drawing room of the couple\u2019s home, Ammerdown House in Somerset, where Thomas\u2019s portrait still hangs today.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514811"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.640-portrait-of-mary-ann"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<div><!--block-->Belsey, Hugh. <em>Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2019. p. 1014-15.</div>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Description of the Mansion, Marbles, and Pictures, at Ammerdown, in Somersetshire</em>. London, United Kingdom: Saunders and Otley, 1857.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gainsborough, Thomas. <em>A Portrait of Lady Hylton by Thomas Gainsborough, 1727-1788.</em> London, United Kingdom: M. Knoedler &amp; Co.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Twentieth-Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Art News</em>, XXXIV (June 1936): 6-14.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [17], Plate V, cat. no. 6; Mention: p. 21, cat. no. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936\". <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXIX</em>, no. 11 (November, 1942):132-136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Comstock, Helen. \"The John L. Severance Collection at Cleveland.\" <em>Connoisseur</em>, CXI (1943): 61.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis K. \"Preliminary Check List of Portraits by Thomas Gainsborough.\" <em>The Walpole Society</em>, XXXIII (1948-1950): 63.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Oberlin, OH, Department of Fine Arts, Oberlin College. 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232, vol. II, no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 473", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. <em>Gainsborough</em>. London, United Kingdom: E. Hulton, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76, no. 405", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n178"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n178"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186; Mentioned: p. 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorment, Richard. <em>British Painting in the Philadelphia Museum of Art: From the Seventeenth Through the Nineteenth Century</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135, fig. 34-1", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.640", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.640/1942.640_web.jpg", "width": "813", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1942.640_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.640/1942.640_print.jpg", "width": "3070", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1942.640_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.640/1942.640_full.tif", "width": "9492", "height": "10511", "filesize": "", "filename": "1942.640_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.640/1942.640_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "893", "filesize": "382589"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.640/1942.640_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2847", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5977189"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.640/1942.640_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4382", "height": "5233", "filesize": "68828808"}, "date_created": "2007-12-18T14:24:49", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 122344, "creators": [{"id": 2507, "description": "Gainsborough Dupont (British, 1754\u20131797)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "after 1788", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. Thomas Joliffe"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:17:59.740000"}, {"id": 95259, "accession_number": "1916.1032", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Greek Cavalry Men Resting in Forest, 1858. Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (French, 1798\u20131863). Oil on fabric; framed: 76 x 87.5 x 7.5 cm (29 15/16 x 34 7/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 50.4 x 61.5 cm (19 13/16 x 24 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1032", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "Greek Cavalry Men Resting in Forest", "creation_date": "1858", "creation_date_earliest": 1858, "creation_date_latest": 1858, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76 x 87.5 x 7.5 cm (29 15/16 x 34 7/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 50.4 x 61.5 cm (19 13/16 x 24 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.76, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.875, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.504, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.615, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in lower right: Eug. Delacroix / 1858\r\n\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312519, "title": "Vincent Van Gogh", "description": "<i>Vincent Van Gogh</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 25-April 19, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-03-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355548, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: The Rise of the Landscape in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: The Rise of the Landscape in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9-September 26, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355653, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: The Romantic Spirit", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: The Romantic Spirit</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 29-May 5, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-03-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "<i>Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-April 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519728, "title": "Centenaire d'Euge\u0300ne Delacroix", "description": "<i>Centenaire d'Euge\u0300ne Delacroix</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (May 1-October 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441997, "title": "Eugene Delacroix", "description": "<i>Eugene Delacroix</i>. Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Zurich, Switzerland (organizer) (June 4-August 23, 1987); St\u00e4del Museum, Franfurt am Main, Germany (September 23, 1987-January 4, 1988); Palacio de Villahermosa, Madrid, Spain (March 4-April 20, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-06-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, Hickcox Building. Cleveland Art Loan Exhibition (1894), no. 107.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "cma. French Art since Eighteen Hundred (1929). CMA Bulletin 16 (1929): 159.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. Exposition Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (1930), 1: no. 179; 2: 97 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago. Loan Exhibition of Works by Delacroix (1930), no. 41.", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "cma 1936. No. 271 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsfield, Mass., Berkshire Museum. Landscape Paintings from the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century (1937), no. 24.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Marie Harriman Gallery. Constable and The Landscape (1937), no. 7.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein &amp; Co. Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix 1798-1863 (1944), no. 41 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brooklyn Museum. Landscape. An Exhibition of Paintings (1945-46), no. 55.", "opening_date": "1945-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co. Loan Exhibition of Masterpieces by Delacroix and Renoir (1948), no. 12 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Wayne, Ind., Art School and Museum. Art Appreciation Gallery Talks (October 1953), no cat.", "opening_date": "1953-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Santa Barbara Museum of Art; San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor; Kansas City, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art. The Horse in Art. Paintings-17th to 20th Century (1954), no. 26.", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "cma 1956. No. 9.", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron (Ohio) Art Institute. Masterpiece of the Month (28 October-23 November 1958), no cat.", "opening_date": "1958-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. Centenaire d'Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix 1798-1863 (1963), no. 491.", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich; Frankfurt am Main, St\u00e4dtische Galerie im St\u00e4delschen Kunstinstitut. Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (1987-88), no. 112 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1987-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Madrid, Museo del Prado, Palacio de Villahermosa. Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (1988), no. 72 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1988-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "A leading figure of the French Romantic movement, Delacroix painted traditional historical subjects, but in a dramatic, expressive manner. The Greek struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire in the 1820s caught the imagination of numerous French artists, who identified the Greek cause with their own revolution thirty years earlier. Like British Romantic poets, French artists regarded the Greek war of independence as a struggle for the survival of Western democracy and Christian civilization.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52449380"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1032-greek-cavalry-men-re"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The Wade Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 1 (1917): 3-12.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; reproduced: p. 8", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136053"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n30"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n40"}, {"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 493", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n90"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n190"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n190"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 206", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n226"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler, and Bruce F. Miller. \u201cDelacroix\u2019s Abandoned Portrait of Maurice Sand.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 76, no. 3 (March 1989): 77\u201387.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77-87; Reproduced: Cover, p. 77-81, figs. 1-2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160065"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 228-230, Vol. I, no. 82", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1032", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1032/1916.1032_web.jpg", "width": "1084", "height": "893", "filesize": "613248", "filename": "1916.1032_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1032/1916.1032_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2800", "filesize": "5799602", "filename": "1916.1032_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1032/1916.1032_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "4941", "filesize": "88969780", "filename": "1916.1032_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 95259, "creators": [{"id": 1658, "description": "Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (French, 1798\u20131863)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix studied under history painter Pierre-Narcisse Gu\u00e9rin (1774-1833) and at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, though he did not succeed in competitions there. He soon befriended romantic painter Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault (1791-1824) and exhibited at his first Salon in 1822 his powerful, moody The Barque of Dante (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). In the next Salon, inspired by the recent events in the Greeks' struggle for independence against the Turks, Delacroix showed Scenes from the Massacres at Chios (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), a painting whose anti-academic composition, free brushwork, and brilliant color caused hostile critics to accuse the artist of the \"massacre of painting.\" Nevertheless, he was awarded a Salon medal and the state purchased the picture. \r\nAfter the early death of G\u00e9ricault, the young artist became the titular head of the French romantic artistic movement, as much for his innovative technique as his new themes. Widely read and an Anglophile, Delacroix drew frequently from British literature, especially Shakespeare, Byron, and Sir Walter Scott. He also developed a strong interest in orientalist subjects, spurred by the five-month trip to Morocco and southern Spain he took in 1832. He stressed the creative and imaginative elements of painting and opposed the academy for its rote learning and the bourgeoisie for its overly materialistic interests. Delacroix discussed his aesthetic ideas with an ever-expanding circle of writers, musicians, and artists that he frequented, including pianist-composer Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin and writer George Sand. But ultimately he developed a personal conception of beauty that could only be expressed in an individualized manner. \r\nRecent studies have revised the long-standing interpretation of Delacroix as a radical, anticlassical, misunderstood, and unsupported genius. He greatly admired antiquity and the classical authors but insisted on avoiding the narrow or didactic view of them offered by the academies. He may not have emulated classical statuary as sources for his figures, but he did often represent heroic nude figures. For all his insistence on invention, Delacroix retained some sense of documentary reconstruction, for he made numerous studies of costumes and weapons and did other kinds of research before tackling certain subjects. From the beginning and throughout his career, Delacroix received many religious and historical painting commissions, from provincial churches to government buildings, under different rulers and even political systems. His allegorical work Liberty Leading the Barricades (1830-31, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris) represents the only painting in which the artist referred to a contemporary political event in France, the revolution that overthrew Louis XVIII and the Bourbon monarchy. This, too, was purchased by the state. In 1833 he was asked to decorate with allegories the Salon du Roi of the Palais Bourbon, the seat of the deputies. Their success brought him additional commissions in the same building, such as the library (1838), and then the library in the senate (1841-46), housed in the Palais du Luxembourg. His historical, religious, and allegorical paintings were often criticized by more conservative critics for a lack of decorum, anatomical distortions, too-bright or unnaturalistic color, and free brushwork, but he continued to find work because he was one of the few artists who continued to explore these \"elevated\" genres and had a sure sense of the decorative. \r\nExtremely prolific, Delacroix accomplished a major mural commission for the church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris (1850-63) the year before his death. He was even elected in 1857 to the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts, but younger artists consistently regarded him as antiestablishment and a paragon of artistic experimentation. He wrote extensively on art and aesthetic issues, both in his private diaries and for published journals.1\r\n1. Recently, scholars such as Michele Hannoosh, Painting and the Journal of Eugene Delacroix (Princeton, 1995), have examined the content and style of Delacroix's texts for what they might tell about Delacroix the writer as well as the work and creative process of Delacroix the artist.\r\nDelacroix was one of the most innovative and successful painters of the first half of the 19th century. He is known as the last great history painter and his art is the ideal of Romanticism in the visual arts. Delacroix's career is marked by the paradox between the revolutionary and the conventional. He was in conflict with the artist Ingres and was seen as the leading figure of the French Romantic movement; he was famed for undermining the tradition of painting established by David, yet he benefited from official patronage from the beginning of the Restoration (1814-1830) until the Second Empire (1852-1870).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1798", "death_year": "1863", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-10-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1858, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1858", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Halt of the Greek Cavaliers"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-03 11:06:03.621000"}, {"id": 141487, "accession_number": "1964.96", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Woman and Water Buffalo Rhyton, 500\u2013700. Sasanian, Iran, 600s or Turk Shahi dynasty, Kabul, Afghanistan, 500s. Silver, with mercury gilding and glass inlays; overall: 19.1 cm (7 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1964.96", "current_location": "102A Ancient Near East", "title": "Woman and Water Buffalo Rhyton", "creation_date": "500\u2013700", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 700, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Sasanian, Iran, 600s or Turk Shahi dynasty, Kabul, Afghanistan, 500s"], "technique": "silver, with mercury gilding and glass inlays", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Near Eastern Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 19.1 cm (7 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.191, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "??\n50\nZWZN 3", "inscription_translation": "50 Tetradrachms + 3 Donhams", "inscription_remark": "Engraved in Sasanian-Pahlavi, giving the weight of the object, 50 Tetradrachms  + 3 Donhams = 203 d.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445786, "title": "Masterpieces of 50 Centuries", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of 50 Centuries</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (November 10, 1970-February 15, 1971).", "opening_date": "1970-11-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 303499, "title": "The Royal Hunter: Art of the Sasanian Empire", "description": "<i>The Royal Hunter: Art of the Sasanian Empire</i>. Asia House Galleries (organizer) (January 12-March 11, 1978); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (April 10-May 21, 1978); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 7-August 13, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-01-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309664, "title": "Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink", "description": "<i>Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 26-October 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-07-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Elie Borowski, Toronto, Ontario, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Inlays once filled the buffalo eye sockets, perhaps of colored glass like that still present within some petals of the disc-shaped earrings.", "description": "Recalling both Greek and Iranian traditions of head vases and <em>rhyta </em>(drinking horns), this unusual silver vessel combines the heads of a woman and a water buffalo. A filling hole on top and a pouring or drinking spout in front make clear its function. An inscription in Middle Persian on its back records its weight: probably 50 <em>staters</em> and three <em>drachmae</em> (close to its current weight of just over 700 grams, or about 1-1/2 pounds). The woman\u2019s flat brow, straight nose, and widely set, heavy-lidded eyes\u2014along with the sectarian mark in gold on her forehead\u2014relate to art of the Indus River Valley and Hindu Kush regions of today\u2019s Pakistan and Afghanistan. While we do not know for sure, numerous scholars have suggested that she may depict the Indian warrior goddess Durga, slayer of the buffalo demon.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757213"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.96-woman-and-water-buff"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n38"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Frank Chalton Francis. <em>Fiftieth Anniversary Banquet: The Cleveland Museum of Art, the Sheraton-Cleveland Hotel, June 13, 1966.</em> [Cleveland]: [The Museum], 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/50thAnniversary/page/n17"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1432"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.<br>Published as: <em>The Goddess Dravspa<br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35; Mentioned p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G., and Joseph Ternbach. \u201cTwo Silver Rhyta.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 53, no. 8, 1966, pp. 289\u2013317.", "page_number": "Cover, inside cover. Fig.3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152114"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n36"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Harper, Prudence Oliver. <em>The Royal Hunter: Art of the Sasanian Empire</em>. New York: Asia Society, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68; mentioned: pl. 23, pp. 69-71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harper, Prudence Oliver. <em>The Royal Hunter: Art of the Sasanian Empire</em>. New York: Asia Society, 1978.", "page_number": "pp. 69-71, no. 23.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brentjes, Burchard, and Karin Ru\u0308hrdanz.<em> Mittelasien, Kunst des Islam.</em> Leipzig: Seemann, VEB, 1979.", "page_number": "Pl. 115.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. \u201cAn Indo-Iranian Silver Rhyton in the Cleveland Museum.\u201d <em>Artibus Asiae</em>, vol. 41, no. 4, 1979, pp. 309\u201325.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/3249540"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 340, fig. 27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "Discussed and reproduced p. 16.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Bernard Philippe Groslier. <em>Histoire de l'art: peinture, sculpture, architecture, arts de\u0301coratifs</em>. [Paris]: Larousse, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 611", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sugimura, To\u0304. <em>Sekai bijutsu daizenshu\u0304 = New history of world art. </em>to\u0304yo\u0304(17), to\u0304yo\u0304(17). 1999.", "page_number": "p. 155, fig. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Louis, Fran\u00e7ois. \u201cThe Hejiacun Rhyton and the Chinese Wine Horn (Gong): Intoxicating Rarities and Their Antiquarian History.\u201d <em>Artibus Asiae</em>, vol. 67, no. 2, 2007, pp. 201\u201342.", "page_number": "Discussed p. 207. Fig. 9.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25261880"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 60-1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Minardi, Michele. 2015. \"A Silver Rhyton from Afghanistan Held in the Cleveland Museum of Art and Its Historical Context,\" <em>Journal asiatique</em> 303.1: 59-86.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kosmin, Paul. \"Banqueting on the Move.\" In <em>Animal-Shaped Vessels from the Ancient World: Feasting with Gods, Heroes, and Kings</em>.Susanne Ebbinghaus,ed., 310-341. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Art Museums, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced:  p. 333, fig. 7.25", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Education.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 59, no. 6 (November/December 2019): 24.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 24.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 54", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.96", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.96/1964.96_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "294279", "filename": "1964.96_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.96/1964.96_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4541167", "filename": "1964.96_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.96/1964.96_full.tif", "width": "4507", "height": "5833", "filesize": "78899992", "filename": "1964.96_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.96/1964.96_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "306037"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.96/1964.96_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4310777"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.96/1964.96_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4362", "height": "5645", "filesize": "73902448"}, "date_created": "2008-04-08T18:52:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.96/1964.96_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "257599"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.96/1964.96_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3603900"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.96/1964.96_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3743", "height": "5000", "filesize": "56176516"}, "date_created": "2008-04-08T19:20:14", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141487, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500\u2013700", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Rhyton: The Angel Drvaspa"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:16:17.771000"}, {"id": 133841, "accession_number": "1956.43", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Crucifixion with the Two Thieves, 1450\u20131500. Italy, Piedmont. Pen and brown ink and black chalk; sheet: 24.4 x 19.4 cm (9 5/8 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. and L. E. Holden Funds and John L. Severance Fund, 1956.43", "current_location": null, "title": "Crucifixion with the Two Thieves", "creation_date": "1450\u20131500", "creation_date_earliest": 1450, "creation_date_latest": 1500, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Piedmont"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and black chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper partially prepared with red chalk wash", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 24.4 x 19.4 cm (9 5/8 x 7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.244, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.194, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361650, "title": "The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400", "description": "<i>The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 23-December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309855, "title": "I and Thou", "description": "<i>I and Thou</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 21-May 27, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 281457, "title": "Michelangelo: Mind of the Master", "description": "<i>Michelangelo: Mind of the Master</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2019-January 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection (Dec. 15, 1986-Mar. 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, I and Thou (Feb. 21-May 27, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Apr. 27, 1972-Feb. 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-04-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Dec. 1, 1970-Jan. 31, 1971; Mar. 16, 1971-    (Gallery F remained open)).", "opening_date": "1970-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 11, 1968-    ).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Italian Prints and Drawings (Jan. 30-Mar. 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 9, 1967-Jan. 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Old Master Prints and Drawings (July 29, 1966-Apr. 1, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Old Master Drawings (Mar. 10-30, 1964).", "opening_date": "1930-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery, The International Style (Oct. 23-Dec. 2, 1962) [loan extended to Dec. 30, 1962], no. 1, pl. xxxvii.", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Mar. 7-Apr. 26, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Art and Humanism in the Renaissance (Jan. 22-Feb. 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Newark (N.J.) Museum, Old Master Drawings (Mar. 17-May 22, 1960), no. 2, p. 12, illus.", "opening_date": "1960-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition (Mar. 3, 1958-Oct. 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The drawing is acquired by Antonio II Badile (c.1424-c.1511)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c.1450s-c.1510", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The drawing is included in an album of drawings compiled from Antionio II Badile\u2019s collection, likely by one or both of his sons, Bartolomeo III Badile(1464/67-1545) or Francesco II Badile(1476/77-1544).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c.1520", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The drawing is in the collection of Lodovico Moscardo as part of the Badile Album.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1672", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The drawing enters the collection of the Miniscalchi family as part of the Badile Album upon the marriage of Teresa Moscardo and Marcantonio Miniscalchi.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1785", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The drawing is purchased by an unknown collector after Mario Miniscalchi-Erizzo begins to sell drawings from the Moscardo collection, including the Badile Album.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1905", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The drawing is purchased, along with the rest of the Badile Album, by Francis Matthiesen, who dismantles the album and begins selling individual drawings.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1947-1954", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The drawing is purchased  by the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the left foreground Christ's grieving mother, Mary, is supported by two other women: Mary Magdalene and Mary of Clopas. This common grouping is often called the Three Marys.", "description": "To make this drawing\u2014which could be a <em>ricordi</em> (a visual record of a painting)\u2014the artist first sketched part of the composition with charcoal before completing it with pen and ink. Charcoal was not regularly used as a drawing medium until the second half of the 1400s. Even then, it was usually a secondary medium, as seen here, meant to sketch or outline figures to be completed in other media. Charcoal and black chalk became more popular with later generations of artists, including Michelangelo, who found the supple qualities of the media ideal for rendering the human figure.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759503"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.43-crucifixion-with-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cRare Italian Drawings\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 45, no. 8 (1958): 195\u2013202.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: p. 195-197.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142287"}, {"citation": "Ragghianti, Carlo L., ed. \u201cAcquisti di Musei.\u201d <em>Sele arte</em>, no. 40 (March 1959).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p.58 (as Altichiero)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Verdier, Phillippe, ed. <em>The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400</em>. Walters Art Gallery, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.1, n.1; pl.XXXVII (as circle of Altichiero)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ames, Winslow.<em> Great Drawings of All Time: Italian</em>. Vol. 1, edited by Ira Moskowitz and Victoria Thorson. Great Drawings of All Time. Shorewood Publishers, 1962.", "page_number": "n.6 (As Altichiero Altichieri)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n82"}, {"citation": "Kruft, Hanno-Walter. \u201cAltichiero Und Avanzo : Untersuchungen Zur Oberitalienischen Malerei Des Ausgehenden Trecento.\u201d Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 186, no. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Scholz, Janos. \u201cItalian Drawings in the Art Museum of Princeton University.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>109, no. 770 (1967): 290\u201399.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.293 (as attributed to Altichiero)", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/875302"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n82"}, {"citation": "Evans, M. W. <em>Medieval Drawings</em>. Feltham: Hamlyn, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.40, pl.121 (as circle of Altichiero)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n86"}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. <em>Drawings in Midwestern Collections: Early Works</em>. Vol. 1, edited by Burton L. Dunbar and Edward J. Olszewski. Drawings in Midwestern Collections: A Corpus Compiled by the Midwest Art History Society. University of Missouri Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.3, p. 14-17 (as Bernardino Jacopi Butinone)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Karet, Evelyn, and Peter Windows. \u201cThe \u2018Antonio II Badile Album\u2019 of Drawings: A Reconstruction of an Early Sixteenth Century Collection.\u201d <em>Arte Lombarda</em>, no. 145 (3) (2005): 23\u201356.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 50-51, fig 6, 26v[93] (as Veronese artist after  Altichiero Altichieri)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Degenhart, Bernhard, Annegrit Schmitt, Hans-Joachim Eberhardt, et al. <em>Verona Badile-Album: Studiensammlung Einer Veroneser K\u00fcnstlerwerkstatt</em>. Vol. 3. Corpus Der Italienischen Zeichnungen 1300-1450. Biering &amp; Brinkmann, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 290-299, n.836, pl.59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Karet, Evelyn. The Antonio II Badile Album of Drawings: The Origins of Collecting Drawings in Early Modern Northern Italy. With Peter Windows and Alessandra Zamperini. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 77-78, appendix 1: 26v; appendix 2b: 26v", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.43", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.43/1956.43_web.jpg", "width": "706", "height": "893", "filesize": "551988", "filename": "1956.43_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.43/1956.43_print.jpg", "width": "2689", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8407823", "filename": "1956.43_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.43/1956.43_full.tif", "width": "4804", "height": "6072", "filesize": "87540948", "filename": "1956.43_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.43/1956.43_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "489056"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.43/1956.43_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1232", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1470810"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.43/1956.43_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1232", "height": "1536", "filesize": "5679284"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Delia E. and L. E. Holden Funds and John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133841, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-01-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1450, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1450\u20131500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.483000"}, {"id": 153389, "accession_number": "1986.74", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "David:  \"Oh, that I had wings like a Dove!  For then would I fly away, and be at rest.\" Psalm 55:6, 1865. Frederic Leighton (British, 1830\u20131896). Oil on fabric; framed: 125 x 152.4 x 4.5 cm (49 3/16 x 60 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 96.5 x 122.5 cm (38 x 48 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1986.74", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "David:  \"Oh, that I had wings like a Dove!  For then would I fly away, and be at rest.\" Psalm 55:6", "creation_date": "1865", "creation_date_earliest": 1865, "creation_date_latest": 1865, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 125 x 152.4 x 4.5 cm (49 3/16 x 60 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 96.5 x 122.5 cm (38 x 48 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.25, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.524, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.965, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.225, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1986</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 380184, "title": "Frederic Leighton 1830-1896 (Frederic, Lord Leighton)", "description": "<i>Frederic Leighton 1830-1896 (Frederic, Lord Leighton)</i>. Royal Academy of Arts (organizer) (February 15-April 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228369, "title": "Artist as Narrator: Nineteenth Century Narrative Art in England and France", "description": "<i>Artist as Narrator: Nineteenth Century Narrative Art in England and France</i>. Oklahoma City Museum of Art, Oklahoma City, OK (organizer) (September 8-November 27, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-09-08T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, Royal Academy. (1865), no. 5, David; \"Oh that I had wings like a Dove!\"", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "London, Royal Academy. Exhibition of Works by the Late Lord Leighton of Stretton, Winter Exhibition (1897), no. 18, David, 1865, lent by Mrs. Leathart.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "London, Peter Nahum and Chris Beetles. Inaugural Exhibition. A Celebration of British and European Painting of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (London, 1985), 32-35 (repr.). Text by Christopher Newall.", "opening_date": "1985-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, Royal Academy. Frederic Leighton 1830-1896 (1996), no. 34 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oklahoma City Art Museum (9/8/2005 - 11/27/2005):  \"Artist as Narrator:  Nineteenth Century Narrative Art in England and France\", p. 16.", "opening_date": "2005-09-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Henry Graves & Co., London sale, Christie's, 7 March 1868. James Leathart by 1884, London sale, Christie's, 19 June 1897 (lot 39), 130 gns. to Colnaghi. Different Properties, London sale, Christie's, 21 July 1919 (lot 121), \u00a350.80 to Sampson. Peter Nahum, London. Purchased by the CMA in 1986.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "From the many events in the turbulent life of the biblical King David, Leighton chose to depict his moment of gravest doubt. Having just learned of the death of his rebellious son Absalom at the hands of his own army, David has withdrawn to a chamber above the city gate. Casting aside his crown, which lies on the floor, the ruler muses on the conflicting demands of family and nation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475912"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.74-david-oh-that-i-had"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1986.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 2 (February 1987): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53; Mentioned: p. 62, no. 36", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159974"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition in Focus: Lord Leighton\u2019s King David, October 21 \u2013 November 29, 1987\u201d October 8, 1987, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr3492"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 396-397, Vol. II, no. 137", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.74", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.74/1986.74_web.jpg", "width": "1143", "height": "893", "filesize": "574957", "filename": "1986.74_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.74/1986.74_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2656", "filesize": "5470381", "filename": "1986.74_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.74/1986.74_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4296", "filesize": "70915060", "filename": "1986.74_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 153389, "creators": [{"id": 2844, "description": "Frederic Leighton (British, 1830\u20131896)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Frederic Leighton was unique among eminent Victorian artists. He trained almost exclusively on the Continent, initially with the Nazarene artist Edward von Steinle (1810-1886) in Frankfurt, 1850-52, where his father, a successful doctor, had moved the family, and subsequently with Giovanni Costa (1826-1903) in Rome, 1852, where he painted his first masterwork, Cimabue's Celebrated Madonna Is Carried in Procession through the Streets of Florence (Her Majesty the Queen). While in Paris from 1855 to 1859, he associated with many of the leading artists of the century, including Ingres (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Corot (q.v.), and Millet (q.v.), which had the beneficial consequences of relieving the ardent veracity of his Nazarene style with a more painterly approach and of introducing greater naturalism and atmosphere into his landscape studies. Settling in London in 1859, Leighton at first antagonized the art establishment, which found his style of painting and his predilection for the French \"art for art's sake\" doctrine vexing; however, he was welcomed by the Pre-Raphaelites and their adherents. The year 1864 was decisive in that Leighton was elected an associate of the Royal Academy after the public success of three exhibition pictures-a historical illustration, Dante in Exile (Sir Andrew Lloyd Webber, London); Orpheus and Eurydice (Leighton House Art Gallery and Museum, London) with its new classicism; and his personal favorite, Golden Hours (Tapeley Chattels Trust, Tapeley), in which the palette, execution, and subject evoke the most sumptuous of sixteenth-century Venetian painting. In the late 1860s Leighton's interests gradually transferred from historical and biblical themes to Greek classicism. Jonathan's Token to David (1868, Minneapolis Institute of Arts), for instance, with its overt reference to Michelangelo's David, transformed a biblical subject into a classicizing essay on male beauty. Numerous trips to the Near East and to Greece reinforced this pursuit of the ideal, a preoccupation that placed Leighton at the center of a growing group of younger aesthetic classical painters in London, including Sandys (q.v.), Albert Moore (1841-1893), and Edward Poynter (1836-1919). The final phase of Leighton's development was already fully evident in such works as Hercules Wrestling with Death for the Body of Alcestis (1869-71, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford). Like Delacroix, Leighton's inexhaustible creativity and expansive interests prompted him also to undertake monumental decorative schemes, most notably the Arts of Industry murals at the South Kensington Museum (1871-83), and to participate in the revival of British sculpture with such masterworks of the genre as the bronze Athlete Wrestling with a Python (1877, Tate Gallery, London). Although little known for portraiture, his half-length painting of explorer Sir Richard Burton (National Portrait Gallery, London) is a tour-de-force of characterization. His draftsmanship was also consistently exceptional. With his election to the presidency of the Royal Academy in 1878, Leighton legitimately assumed his distinguished place in the gallery of British academics, alongside Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) and Sir Thomas Lawrence (1769-1830). Yet despite the obligations of his office, he remained extremely productive, with no diminution in output or inspiration. Of the important pictures of his last decade, Captive Andromache (1888, Manchester City Art Gallery) and Flaming June (1895, Museo de Arte de Ponce) remain consummate statements of the aesthetic movement's eroticism. Leighton was obsessive, controlling, and self-absorbed, but also generous to younger artists and deeply committed to his profession. On the eve of his death, he became the first British artist to receive a barony.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1830", "death_year": "1896", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-11-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1865, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1865", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:55:25.881000"}, {"id": 154244, "accession_number": "1988.57", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Countess Sz\u00e9chenyi, 1828. Ferdinand Georg Waldm\u00fcller (Austrian, 1793\u20131865). Oil on fabric; framed: 121.5 x 102 x 10.5 cm (47 13/16 x 40 3/16 x 4 1/8 in.); unframed: 97.8 x 78.5 cm (38 1/2 x 30 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1988.57", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "Countess Sz\u00e9chenyi", "creation_date": "1828", "creation_date_earliest": 1828, "creation_date_latest": 1828, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 121.5 x 102 x 10.5 cm (47 13/16 x 40 3/16 x 4 1/8 in.); Unframed: 97.8 x 78.5 cm (38 1/2 x 30 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.215, "height_inch": 47, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.02, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.105, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.978, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.785, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed below the parrot: Waldm\u00fcl[. . .] 1828 \r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310246, "title": "The Year in Review for 1988", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1988</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-May 14, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 179243, "title": "Object in Focus: Countess Sz\u00e9chenyi and Her Prestigious Kashmir Shawl", "description": "<i>Object in Focus: Countess Sz\u00e9chenyi and Her Prestigious Kashmir Shawl</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 25, 2003-January 4, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-11-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Vienna, Galerie St. Lucas. Winterausstellung (1987-88), no. 25, Portr\u00e4t einer Gr\u00e4fin Szechenyi (repr.).", "opening_date": "1987-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Dr. Izidor Deutsch [d. 1906], Budapest", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->A red wax seal on the back of the painting reads: \u201cDr. Deutsch \u00dcgyved [attorney] Budapest.\u201d&nbsp; This seal may refer to Dr. Izidor Deutsch, a Hungarian attorney who lived in Budapest, although thus far no documentary confirmation of his ownership has been located.&nbsp; His will, for instance, makes no references to any paintings or to an art collection.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Before 1906", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Maximilian Mauthner, Schloss Feistritz, Wechsel, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Mautner, a banker, purchased Schloss Feistritz in 1922, so if the attachment of Feistritz to Mautner\u2019s name in Rupert Feuchtm\u00fcller's Waldm\u00fcller catalogue raisonn\u00e9 is at all linked with Mautner\u2019s place of residence when he owned the painting, then his earliest possible year of ownership would be 1922.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably until 1925", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale, Dorotheum, Vienna, June 15, 1925, lot 69)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Feuchtm\u00fcller's catalogue raisonn\u00e9 says that Mautner had the painting until 1925. However, because the Dorotheum\u2019s records do not include buyer/consignor information for sales prior to the late 1960s, that Mautner was the consignor to the sale has not been confirmed.</div>"], "date": "1925", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Possibly Dr. Paul Eger [1881-1947], Basel", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The catalogue raisonn\u00e9 lists Dr. Paul Eger as a former owner of the Waldm\u00fcller, while the information provided to CMA by David Carritt, Ltd. situates it in a Basel private collection, presumably Eger's, prior to Galerie Nathan, although it is unknown whether Carritt knew of Eger\u2019s identity.&nbsp; In 1993 CMA curator Ann Tzeutschler Lurie wrote to dealer Peter Nathan to inquire whether the Waldm\u00fcller had been in the possession of Eger.&nbsp; Nathan responded that \u201cit is very well possible that [Eger], whom I myself knew, owned the painting\u201d; his name, however, does not appear in Galerie Nathan\u2019s records.&nbsp; The original source for the inclusion of Eger in this provenance is unclear.&nbsp; Eger was a theatre director and dramaturg who worked at the Stadttheaters Luzern and the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg.&nbsp; Eger\u2019s former assistant did not think that he had an art collection (Brigitte Abeida (Luzerner Theater), email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Aug. 24, 2015), a recollection that is at odds with Peter Nathan\u2019s thoughts on Eger as a possible former owner of the painting.&nbsp; Another possibility is that Paul Eger was not a former owner of the painting: Izidor Deutsch was the brother-in-law of the Egger brothers, B\u00e9la Bern\u00e1t, Henrik, Jakab, and David, of Egger &amp; Co., a Budapest electrical company.&nbsp; Deutsch\u2019s will does make several mentions of the Egger family, although it does not refer to his art collection. &nbsp; Deutsch was also named guardian of one of his brother-in-laws\u2019 sons.&nbsp; While it could certainly be nothing more than a coincidence that Deutsch (if he was indeed the owner of the Waldm\u00fcller) was closely related to the Egger family, one must consider the possibility that the name \u201cEg[g]er\u201d was seen at some point in connection with the painting, and Paul Eger, who was involved in artistic circles and who knew Peter Nathan, was assumed to have been the Eger who owned the painting.&nbsp; If it was in fact the Egger family who had the Waldm\u00fcller, then their positioning in the provenance could be incorrect: perhaps \u201cPaul Eger\u201d was placed after the Dorotheum sale due to his life dates when in fact \u201cEgger\u201d belongs directly after Deutsch, with Mautner following.</div>"], "date": "Before 1940", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sale, Galerie Fischer, Lucerne, Nov. 7-9, 1940, lot 1250, sold to Galerie Nathan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Galerie Nathan, Z\u00fcrich)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The records of Galerie Nathan include a photograph of the Waldm\u00fcller in the gallery's 1941-1942 album and describe its sale \u201cdurch [through] Fischer LU[cerne],\u201d which suggests that the painting was purchased at the Galerie Fischer sale in 1941.&nbsp; Gallery records do not show to whom Nathan sold the painting, although Peter Nathan wrote to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie in 1993 that it was possible the buyer was von Kreibig, although they had no confirming documentation. Johannes Fischer suspected that Nathan may have sold the painting again through Fischer in 1941 or 1942, perhaps in a private sale.</div>"], "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Erich von Kreibig, Munich)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->In late 1970, Munich dealer Erich von Kreibig corresponded extensively with CMA curator Ann Tzeutschler Lurie regarding the museum\u2019s interest in possibly acquiring the Waldm\u00fcller from Kreibig.&nbsp; In January 1971, Lurie informed Kreibig that the museum would not be purchasing the painting, in part due to budget considerations.&nbsp; Bruno Grimschitz\u2019s Waldm\u00fcller monograph, published in 1957, gives a Munich private collector as the painting\u2019s current owner, and CMA records situate the painting with von Kreibig in that year.&nbsp; While it is certainly possibly that von Kreibig had the painting in his personal collection by 1957 and then offered it to CMA in 1970, there are no indications in the documentation that Kreibig himself owned the painting for a lengthy period of time. All that is known about von Kreibig\u2019s acquisition of the Waldm\u00fcller is that his family bought it in Switzerland.&nbsp; Thus, it may be that an unidentified Munich collector owned it in 1957 who may or may not have consigned the painting to von Kreibig by 1970.</div>"], "date": "By 1970", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Sale, Neumeister, Munich, Sept. 20-22, 1972, lot 1689", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->In 1997, Neumeister informed CMA that the painting had previously been in the collection of a Munich private collector who had died some time earlier; it is unknown whether or not this refers to Erich von Kreibig, and whether Neumeister is referring to the consignor to the auction or to a prior owner. Kreibig wrote to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie on December 31, 1971 (in CMA curatorial file) that he had been unable to sell the painting, so he may have consigned it to Neumeister for sale. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald, Munich)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The order in which Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald and the unidentified Munich private collector should appear in this provenance is unclear.&nbsp; According to the provenance information provided to CMA by David Carritt, Ltd., the painting was in a Munich private collection in 1987.&nbsp; The catalogue raisonn\u00e9 situates the painting with Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald in 1986, although his sources for the inclusion of Gr\u00fcnwald in the provenance are not specified, while CMA records indicate the painting was with Gr\u00fcnwald in 1972.&nbsp; This would suggest that Gr\u00fcnwald was the unknown buyer at the 1972 Neumeister sale, but it seems unlikely that the gallery would still have had the painting in its possession in 1986, as Feuchtmu\u0308ller's chronology suggests. Carritt\u2019s provenance makes no mention of Gr\u00fcnwald, and so it may be that Gr\u00fcnwald was the buyer at the Neumeister sale, and the painting was then sold to the private collector listed by Carritt.&nbsp; Alternatively, Gr\u00fcnwald may have been the intermediary between the private collector and Carritt/Sanct Lucas, although this, too, seems doubtful because Roman Herzig of Galerie Sanct Lucas does not recall Gr\u00fcnwald\u2019s involvement. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "From 1972?", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Private collection, Munich", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->See note 6.</div>"], "date": "By 1987?", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(David Carritt, Ltd./Artemis Group, London, and Galerie Sanct Lucas, Vienna, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1988", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1988-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This portrait typifies painting in Vienna between 1815 and 1865, an era known as the Biedermeier period, during which the Habsburg government promoted positive artistic depictions of Viennese life and culture. The mountains in the background express both the artist's romantic fascination with nature and patriotic devotion to his Austrian homeland. The sitter, Crescentia Seilern, was a prestigious member of the aristocracy who married Hungarian reformist patriot Istv\u00e1n Sz\u00e9chenyi.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476309"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1988.57-countess-szechenyi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "David Carrit, Ltd., invoice, July 14, 1988, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Roman Herzig, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, March 19, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "David Carritt, Ltd., painting information sheet, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Feuchtmu\u0308ller, Rupert. <em>Ferdinand Georg Waldmu\u0308ller 1793-1865: Leben, Schriften, Werke</em>. Wien: C. Brandsta\u0308tter, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Feuchtmu\u0308ller, Rupert. <em>Ferdinand Georg Waldmu\u0308ller 1793-1865: Leben, Schriften, Werke</em>. Wien: C. Brandsta\u0308tter, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Neumeister, letter to Hannelore Osborne, March 3, 1997, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Feuchtmu\u0308ller, Rupert. <em>Ferdinand Georg Waldmu\u0308ller 1793-1865: Leben, Schriften, Werke</em>. Wien: C. Brandsta\u0308tter, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Erich von Kreibig, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Oct. 11, 1970, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, fax to Peter Nathan, Jan. 26, 1993, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Peter Nathan, letter to Ann Tzeutschler Lurie, Feb. 2, 1993, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Johannes Nathan, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 24, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Fischer. <em>Nachlass des Herrn R., Genf ; aus Glarner und anderem Privatbesitz...italienische Meister des 14. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert, spanisiche, franzo\u0308sische, deutsche, englische und holla\u0308ndische Schule, schweizer Meister</em>. Lucerne: Galerie Fischer, Nov. 7-9, 1940.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Val\u00e9rie Matzner, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, April 9, 2015, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Johannes Nathan, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 25, 2015, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Feuchtmu\u0308ller, Rupert. <em>Ferdinand Georg Waldmu\u0308ller 1793-1865: Leben, Schriften, Werke</em>. Wien: C. Brandsta\u0308tter, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorotheum (Wien). <em>Gema\u0308lde des 19. Jahrhunderts, Gema\u0308lde alter Meister, Aquarelle, Miniaturen, Antiquita\u0308ten, Bronzen, Mo\u0308bel, Keramik, Graphik</em>.  June 15-16, 1925.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Feuchtmu\u0308ller, Rupert. <em>Ferdinand Georg Waldmu\u0308ller 1793-1865: Leben, Schriften, Werke</em>. Wien: C. Brandsta\u0308tter, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Katja Fischer, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Nov. 24, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Feuchtmu\u0308ller, Rupert. <em>Ferdinand Georg Waldmu\u0308ller 1793-1865: Leben, Schriften, Werke</em>. Wien: C. Brandsta\u0308tter, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "David Carritt, Ltd., painting information sheet, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Les Vince, email to Victoria Sears Goldman and Louis Adrean, Sept. 4, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \u201cFerdinand Georg Waldm\u00fcller in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Portrait of Crescentia, Countess Zichy (later Countess Sz\u00e9chenyi) with a Parrot and a Camellia in a Mountainous Landscape.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 1 (1994): 3-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, details p. 9-11; Mentioned: p. 3-17", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161437"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 637-638, Vol. II, no. 223", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. <em>Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th-21st Century</em>. Cleveland; New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 441, fig. 10.31", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1988.57", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "900", "filesize": "194076", "filename": "1988.57_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_print.jpg", "width": "2716", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2394744", "filename": "1988.57_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_full.tif", "width": "5758", "height": "7207", "filesize": "124526488", "filename": "1988.57_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "731", "height": "900", "filesize": "182280"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2761", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3297807"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7389", "filesize": "133033104"}, "date_created": "2014-09-02T09:37:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "900", "filesize": "274949"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2645", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3017932"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2990", "height": "3843", "filesize": "34506272"}, "date_created": "2014-09-02T09:48:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "425437"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2725", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5718640"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.57/1988.57_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4458", "height": "5563", "filesize": "74434720"}, "date_created": "2008-02-25T16:30:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 154244, "creators": [{"id": 2810, "description": "Ferdinand Georg Waldm\u00fcller (Austrian, 1793\u20131865)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Ferdinand Georg Waldm\u00fcller was the leading innovator for Austrian portrait, landscape, and genre painting of the romantic period, substantially contributing to a style that came to be known as Biedermeier.1 His earliest art lessons were in flower painting with porcelain painter Josef Zintler (d. 1826). From 1808 until 1813 Waldm\u00fcller attended the Vienna Academy at intervals, studying with Hubert Maurer (1738-1818) and Johann Baptist Lampi (1775-1837). The next two years Waldm\u00fcller engaged in painting portrait miniatures. He undoubtedly perfected his painting technique significantly by studying and copying the great masters in the major Viennese galleries well into the 1820s. Between 1825 and 1856 he traveled to Italy, as well as to France and England, in Paris being presented to Emperor Napoleon III and in London to Queen Victoria.\r\nIn 1827, the year before he painted Cleveland's Countess Zichy, Waldm\u00fcller had been introduced to the imperial court of Emperor Franz I and received the great honor of painting his portrait. In 1829 Prince Metternich appointed Waldm\u00fcller curator of the Lamberg Painting Gallery and professor of the Vienna Academy. However, his radical proposals to change academic teaching methods, by insisting that observation of and truth to nature were the only sources of art, would have ended his academic career in 1846 had Prince Metternich not intervened. Nevertheless, in 1855 his continued open criticism of academic procedures cost him his retirement, which, thanks to Emperor Franz I of Austria, was reinstated in 1863. Waldm\u00fcller's convincing honesty in portraying his sitters exactly as they were reflected the growing confidence of the bourgeoisie after the French revolutionary wars and Napoleon's final defeat in 1815. The artist's faithfulness to nature on the one hand, and his talent in portraying the elegance and luxury of his sitters' attire on the other, appealed to both the bourgeoisie and aristocracy.\r\n1. The name Biedermeier was derived from a fictitious poet named Gottlieb Biedermaier (or Biedermeier) who was featured in the mid-nineteenth-century magazine Fliegende Bl\u00e4tter. \"Bieder\" describes a simple but honest and upstanding person, while \"Meier\" is a common German surname. The style pervaded all of Europe, but particularly Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavia, centering mainly in cities with active academies. See also Amerling, The Young Eastern Woman, no. 4.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1793", "death_year": "1865", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1988-09-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1828, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1828", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Crescentia, Countess Zichy (1799-1875)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:58:32.927000"}, {"id": 136667, "accession_number": "1961.205", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nome Gods Bearing Offerings, c. 1391\u20131353 BCE. Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE). Painted limestone; overall: 66 x 133 cm (26 x 52 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1961.205", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Nome Gods Bearing Offerings", "creation_date": "c. 1391\u20131353 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1391, "creation_date_latest": -1353, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE)"], "technique": "painted limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 66 x 133 cm (26 x 52 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.66, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.33, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "length": 1.33, "length_inch": 52, "length_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311471, "title": "Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World", "description": "<i>Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 1-September 27, 1992); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (October 24, 1992-January 31, 1993); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (March 2-May 31, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311874, "title": "Pharaohs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the Louvre", "description": "<i>Pharaohs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the Louvre</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 11-April 14, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-02-11T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Year in Review for 1976, </em>Cleveland Museum of Art (February 1 - March 6, 1977)<em>.</em>", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably Kom el-Ahmar, ancient Hebenu.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Paul Mallon, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1961", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 148798, "description": "Nome Gods Bearing Offerings, c. 1391\u20131353 BCE. Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE). Painted limestone; overall: 66 x 133 cm (26 x 52 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1976.51", "relationship": "originally part of"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Another block from the same temple wall was acquired 15 years later by the museum.", "description": "These blocks from a temple wall show four figures identified as nomes, or provinces, of ancient Egypt. Carrying trays heaped with offerings and leading sacrificial animals, they personify the bounty of the land that they bring to the god who stood in the upper register, facing a figure of the king, Amenhotep III. These blocks may be from Amenhotep III's temple, dedicated to the god Horus.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741543"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.205-nome-gods-bearing-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Bulletin </em>49, no. 6 (June 1962): color cover.", "page_number": "Color Cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151898"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963, 8. pl. 10.", "page_number": "p. 8, pl. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Martha L. Carter. <em>Egyptian Art, the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/EgyptianArt_80670/page/n11"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., \"The Art Museum and Antiquity.\" <em>Apollo 77</em>, no. 22 (December 1963): 438.", "page_number": "p. 438", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n27"}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: The Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967, pl. 3.", "page_number": "pl. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"Gods Bearing Gifts for the King.\" <em>CMA Bulletin </em>54, no. 9 (November 1967): 279-289, fig. 1.", "page_number": "p. 279-289, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152178"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Silver, Adele. <em>Guide to the Galleries: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1976.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 2 (June 1977): 39-78.", "page_number": "p. 73, No. 5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159530"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n33"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"Guessing the Unseen from the Seen.\" <em>CMA Bulletin </em>66, no. 9 (December 1979): 338-342, fig. 13.", "page_number": "p. 338-342, fig. 13", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159651"}, {"citation": "Silver, Adele. <em>Guide to the Galleries: The Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971; 2nd ed., rev 1981, 10-11, fig 9.", "page_number": "p. 10-11, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. <em>An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1983, 12.", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"The Egyptian Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Newsletter of the American Research Center in Egypt 125</em>, (Spring 1984): 9.", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baines, John. <em>Fecundicy Figures: Egyptian Personification and the Iconology of a Genre</em>. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, and Chicago: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1985, 90, fig. 56.", "page_number": "p. 90, fig. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, W. Raymond, \"Images of Amenhotep III in Thebes: Styles and Intentions.\" In <em>The Art of Amenhotep III: Art Historical Analysis; Papers Presented at the International Symposium Held at the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio</em>, 34. Lawrence Michael Berman, ed. Cleveland,OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Romano, James. \"A Second Look at 'Images of Amenhotep III in Thebes: Styles and Intentions' by W. Raymond Johnson.\" In <em>The Art of Amenhotep III: Art Historical Analysis; Papers Presented at the International Symposium Held at the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio</em>, 52-53. Lawrence Michael Berman, ed. Cleveland,OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 52-53", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "<em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>no.2 (1991).<em><br></em>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World.\" <em>Egyptian Archaeology </em>2 (1991): 22.", "page_number": "p. 22,  no. 4, pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle and Betsy Bryan. \"Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World.\" <em>Minerva </em>3, no.4 (July/August 1992): 27, fig. 4.", "page_number": "p. 27, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delange, E. \"Egypt's Dazzling Sun, Amenhotep III and His World Cleveland.\" <em>BSFE </em>125 (October 1992): 33, fig. 3.", "page_number": "p. 33, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delange, Elisabeth. \"Introduction.\" <em>Connaissance des Arts</em>, special issue 36 (1993): 4, fig. 2.", "page_number": "p. 4, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yoyette, Jean. \"Amenophis III: Soleil des souverains.\" <em>Beaux-Arts Magazine</em>, special issue (February 1993): 7.", "page_number": "p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bianchi, Robert Steven. \"Amenophis III: Le pharaon soleil.\" <em>Archeologia </em>288 (March 1993): 22.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"Revelations from Egypt's 'Dazzling Sun.'\" <em>Chronicle of Higher Education</em> 39, no. 30 (March 11, 1993): B3.", "page_number": "B3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Siliotti, Alberto.<em> Egypt: Splendours of an Ancient Civilization</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 54, fig. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilkinson, Richard. <em>Symbol and Magic in Egyptian Art</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Noblecourt, Christiane Desroches. <em>Amours et fureurs de La Lointaine: Cles pours la comprehension de symboles egyptiens</em>. Paris: Stock-Pernoud, 1995.", "page_number": "pl. XVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mysliwiec, Karol. \"Egypt, Ancient: Pre-Amarna Reliefs.\" <em>Dictionary of Art </em>9, (1996): 882, fig. 60.", "page_number": "p. 882, fig. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence. \"Royal Allegory.\" <em>CMA Members Magazine </em>36, no. 3 (March 1996): 9.", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-03/page/8"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 227-229, Color: p. 5; Mentioned: p. 227-231", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley.<em> Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 6, p. 11 & 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp 22-23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 74", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.205", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.205/1961.205_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "695", "filesize": "862287", "filename": "1961.205_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.205/1961.205_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1870", "filesize": "6207678", "filename": "1961.205_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.205/1961.205_full.tif", "width": "5601", "height": "3080", "filesize": "51789136", "filename": "1961.205_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.205/1961.205_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "646", "filesize": "675198"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.205/1961.205_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1738", "filesize": "4957378"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.205/1961.205_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7500", "height": "3834", "filesize": "86326176"}, "date_created": "2009-09-08T17:09:25", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136667, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-08-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1391, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1391\u20131353 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Four Nome Gods Bearing Offerings below Fragmentary Scene of Amenhotep III before the God Amen"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:58:38.207000"}, {"id": 148849, "accession_number": "1976.89", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Eye Cup: Warriors (A), Musician and Youths (B), c. 520 BCE. Attributed to Psiax (Greek, Attic, active c. 525\u2013505 BCE), and Group of Leipzig T 3599. Ceramic; diameter of tondo: 6.4 cm (2 1/2 in.); overall: 11.2 x 33.6 cm (4 7/16 x 13 1/4 in.); diameter of rim: 26 cm (10 1/4 in.); diameter of foot: 10.2 cm (4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1976.89", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Red-Figure Eye Cup: Warriors (A), Musician and Youths (B)", "creation_date": "c. 520 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -525, "creation_date_latest": -515, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of tondo: 6.4 cm (2 1/2 in.); Overall: 11.2 x 33.6 cm (4 7/16 x 13 1/4 in.); Diameter of rim: 26 cm (10 1/4 in.); Diameter of foot: 10.2 cm (4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of tondo": {"width": 0.064, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "overall": {"height": 0.112, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.336, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "diameter of rim": {"width": 0.26, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.102, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Graffito on underside of foot: \u0396\u03c9\u03b9\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 [ZOILOS, perhaps the name of an owner]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "<i>Year in Review, 1976</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "<i>Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Antikenmuseum, Basel (since before 1971-76)", "opening_date": "1971-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, Cleveland Museum of Art (30 June-5 September 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection Athos Moretti, Bellinzona (Switzerland)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1958", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Athos Moretti sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art through Bank Leu", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The fallen warrior\u2019s spear is done with added clay (shaft) and incision (head), not red-figure.", "description": "Red-figure eye cups, like their more common black-figure brethren (including <a href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1926.514\">one in Cleveland</a>), feature two large eyes on either side, producing a masking effect for drinkers. Typically, palmettes flank the eyes, with either a nose or figure at center. Here, the innovative painter Psiax, who worked in both black-figure and red-figure, moved the palmettes to the tondo and created three-figure compositions on each exterior side: two warriors converging on a fallen comrade (or enemy); and a youth playing a cithara for an audience of two. The experimental nature of early red-figure may explain the unusual spear and awkwardly twisted torso and lower leg of the central warrior.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759830"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.89-red-figure-eye-cup-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 200027", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/C675523A-DEA0-4B81-BFA7-116D96B39142"}, {"citation": "Arias, Paolo Enrico. <em>Storia della ceramica di eta\u0300 arcaica, classica e ellenistica e della pittura di eta\u0300 arcaica e classica. </em>Torino: Societa\u0300 editrice internazionale, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 216-217, reproduced pl. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D. <em>Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters. 2nd ed.</em> Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 7, no. 7, p. 38, no. 8.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Antikenmuseum (Ba\u0302le, Suisse), Ernst Berger, Margot Schmidt, and Karl Schefold. <em>Fu\u0308hrer durch das Antikenmuseum Basel</em>. 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned. p. 73-75, reproduced fig. 112.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D., <em>Paralipomena: Additions to Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters and to Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters (Second Edition). </em>Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.", "page_number": "321", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schauenburg, Konrad, \"Herakles Bei Pholos Zu Zwei Fr\u00fchrotfigurigen Schalen,\" <em>Athenische Mitteilung,</em> vol. 86, 1971", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 52, n. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patitucci-Uggeri, Stella. \"Kylix di Psiax in una Collezione Ticinese,\" <em>Numismatica e Antichita Classiche: Quaderni Ticinesi 1 </em>(1972). p. 33-60.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schefold, Karl. \"Die Dichterische Wirklichkeit Der Bildenden Kunst: Geschildert Vor Allem an Hauptwerken Des Basler Antikenmuseums Michael Stettier Zum 60. Geburtstag.\" <em>Antike Welt</em> 5, no. 1 (1974)", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 17, figs. 18-19", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/44430939"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1976.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 2 (1977)", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 43 & 73", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152676"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n42"}, {"citation": "Cohen, Beth.<em> Attic Bilingual Vases and Their Painters.</em> New York: Garland Pub, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 284-87, Reproduced pl. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schefold, Karl, and Luca Giuliani. <em>Go\u0308tter- und Heldensagen der Griechen in der spa\u0308tarchaischen Kunst.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 232, Fig. 311", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moon, Warren G. and Louise Berge. <em>Greek Vase-Painting in Midwestern Collections.</em> Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: pp. 104-105, cat. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mertens, Joan R. \"Some New Vases By Psiax.\" <em>Antike Kunst</em> 22, no. 1 (1979)", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 13", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41320702"}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (LIMC )Tome IV: Eros- Herakles</em>. Zu\u0308rich: Artemis, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 491, no. 67; reproduced pl. 287, no. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Adele Z. <em>Silver. Guide to the Galleries. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "pp. 13-14, fig. 12, 143, no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils.<em> The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced : p. 13, no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burn, Lucilla, Ruth Glynn, and J. D. <em>Beazley. Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 &amp; Paralipomena</em>. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Ernst<em>. Antike Kunstwerke Aus Der Sammlung Ludwig. II. Terrakotten Und Bronzen.</em> Basel: Arch\u00e4olog. Verl., 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned vol. 2 p.263, reproduced fig. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paquette, Daniel. <em>L'Instrument de Musique dans la C\u00e9ramique de la Gr\u00e8ce Antique</em> (Lyon, 1984).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 118-19, reproduced fig. C33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berard, Claude, ed. <em> Le Cit\u00e9 Des Images : Religion et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 En Gr\u00e8ce Antique.</em> [Paris]: F. Nathan, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 156, reproduced fig 220", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Frontisi-Ducroux, F. \"La mort en face,\" <em>Metis: Anthropologie des mondes grecs anciens</em> 1 no.2 (1986). p. 197-217.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 206-7, reproduced fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korshak, Yvonne. <em>Frontal Faces in Attic Vase Painting of the Archaic Period</em>. Chicago: Ares Publishers, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 60, no. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "B\u00e9rard, Claude. <em>A City of Images: Iconography and Society in Ancient Greece.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 160-161, reproduced fig. 220", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H., J. D. Beazley, Thomas Mannack, Melanie Mendonc\u0327a, and Lucilla Burn.<em> Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 &amp; Paralipomena</em>. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maas, Martha, and Jane McIntosh Snyder.<em> Stringed Instruments of Ancient Greece. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 77, fig. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boardman, John. <em>Athenian Red Figure Vases: The Archaic Period :</em> a Handbook. London: Thames and Hudson, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 17-18, reproduced fig. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Denoyelle, Martine, ed. <em>Euphronios, Peintre: Actes de La Journ\u00e9e d\u2019\u00c9tude Organis\u00e9e Par l\u2019Ecole Du Louvre et Le D\u00e9partement Des Antiquit\u00e9s Grecques, \u00c9trusques et Romaines Du Mus\u00e9e Du Louvre, 10 Octobre 1990.</em> Paris: Documentation fran\u00e7aise, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 15, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n24"}, {"citation": "Bettini, Maurizio. <em>La Maschera, il doppio e il ritratto: strategie dell'identita\u0300</em>. Roma: Laterza, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 151, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schefold, Karl, and Luca Giuliani. <em>Gods and Heroes in Late Archaic Greek Art.</em> Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 257, fig. 311", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schefold, Karl, Luca Giuliani, and Alan Griffiths. <em>Gods and Heroes in Late Archaic Greek Art.</em> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 257, reproduced fig.311", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Frontisi-Ducroux, Franc\u0327oise. <em>Du masque au visage: aspects de l'identite\u0301 en Gre\u0300ce ancienne. </em>[Paris]: Flammarion, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 93, 165, reprduced fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Immerwahr, Henry R. <em>A Corpus of Attic Vase Inscriptions (CAVI).</em> Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 793, no. 3206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer, Gisela Walberg, Cleveland Museum of Art, and Union acad\u00e9mique internationale. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. [United States of America]. The Cleveland Museum of Art. Fasc. 35</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 37-40, Reproduced pl. 75-77, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muth, Susanne. <em>Gewalt im Bild: das Pha\u0308nomen der medialen Gewalt im Athen des 6. und 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr</em>. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 207, fig. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunze, Christian. \"Red and Black: The Invention of Red-Figure Painting in Late Archaic Athens\" inMarion Meyer and Gianfranco Adornato, eds.<em> Innovations and Inventions in Athens c. 530 to 470 BCE--Two Crucial Generations.</em> Wien: Phoibos Verlag, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced fig. 8.11", "url": null}, {"citation": "K\u00e9i, Nikolina.<em> L\u2019esth\u00e9tique Des Fleurs: Kosmos, Poikilia et Kharis Dans La C\u00e9ramique Attique Du VIe et Du Ve Si\u00e8cle Av. N. \u00c8re.</em> Berlin: De Gruyter, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 297, reproduced fig. 236", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.89", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.89/1976.89_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "482", "filesize": "86618", "filename": "1976.89_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.89/1976.89_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1822", "filesize": "677252", "filename": "1976.89_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.89/1976.89_full.tif", "width": "11890", "height": "6370", "filesize": "227244812", "filename": "1976.89_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.89/1976.89_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "484", "filesize": "85205"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.89/1976.89_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148849, "creators": [{"id": 10924, "description": "Psiax (Greek, Attic, active c. 525\u2013505 BCE)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 379282, "description": "Group of Leipzig T 3599", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": "Chalcidian vase painters", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "-590", "death_year": "-500", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-10-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -525, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 520 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Red-Figured Eye Kylix by Psiax", "Eye Kylix"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:38:54.072000"}, {"id": 157501, "accession_number": "1994.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Boy Drinking, 1582\u201383. Annibale Carracci (Italian, c. 1560\u20131609). Oil on canvas; framed: 79 x 67 x 5.5 cm (31 1/8 x 26 3/8 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 55.8 x 43.7 cm (21 15/16 x 17 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1994.4", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Boy Drinking", "creation_date": "1582\u201383", "creation_date_earliest": 1578, "creation_date_latest": 1589, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 79 x 67 x 5.5 cm (31 1/8 x 26 3/8 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 55.8 x 43.7 cm (21 15/16 x 17 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.79, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.67, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.055, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.558, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.437, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 213375, "title": "Realism and Naturalism in the Art of Annibale Carracci", "description": "<i>Realism and Naturalism in the Art of Annibale Carracci</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum (organizer) (April 15-June 1, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-04-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222394, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (November 8, 2006-January 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179662, "title": "Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29-July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (March 29, 2007 - July 8, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-03-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Lord Bateman, Shobdon Court, Herfordshire, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "[Sale: The Property of the Rt. Hon. Lord Bateman, Christie's London, April 11, 1896, lot 145 as Velazquez]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 11, 1896", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "John Hill Wood (1813-1869), Gatehead, Yorkshire, England, by inheritance to his son Sir John Wood 1st Bt.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1896-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sir John Wood 1st Bt. (1857-1951), Hengrave Hall, Bury St. Edmonds, Suffolk", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1951", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "[Sale: The Contents of Hengrave Hall, Knight, Frank and Rutley, London, September 15-25, 1952, lot 1686]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "September 15-25, 1952", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "L. J. King, Esq., Dorchester, Dorset, by inheritance to his wife, Mrs. Mary King", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Mrs. Mary King, Dorchester, Dorset, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-1984", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "[Sale: Lawrence\u2019s of Crewkerne, England]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1984", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "[Sale: Old master Drawings and 17th, 18th and 19th century Oil Paintings, Bonhams, London, July 11, 1985, lot 5]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 11, 1985", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "[Harari and [Derek] Johns, London, England, sold to Peter Jay Sharp]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985-", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Peter Jay Sharp (1931-1992), New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1992", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "[Sale: The Estate Of Peter Jay Sharp, Sotheby's New York, January 13, 1994, lot 70, to the Cleveland Museum of Art]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "January 13, 1994", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1994-", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In this painting, the reflective quality of the jug enhances its naturalism: notice how it throws light onto the boy's shirt.", "description": "Together with his brother Agostino and cousin Lodovico, Annibale Carracci introduced artistic reforms in Italy based on close observation of the natural world. Annibale\u2019s innovative and highly influential style steered a path between the smooth artificiality of Mannerism\u2013\u2013in which style and technique took precedence over fidelity to nature\u2013\u2013and the heightened drama of paintings by Caravaggio. In this remarkable early work, the coarse surface of the canvas, the inelegant subject matter, and the striking distortion of forms from light passing through glass all speak to his naturalistic approach.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477093"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1994.4-boy-drinking"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Catalogue of a Valuable Collection of Ancient and Modern Pictures: The Property of the Rt. Hon. Lord Bateman, Formerly at Kelmarsh Hall, Northhamtonshire.</em> London: Christie, Manson &amp; Woods, 1896. .", "page_number": "lot 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/catalogueofvalua00chri_29/page/14/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Knight Frank &amp; Rutley, and John Arthur Haigh Wood. <em>Contents of Hengrave Hall.</em> 1952.", "page_number": "Lot 1686", "url": null}, {"citation": "Posner, Donald. <em>Annibale Carracci; A Study in the Reform of Italian Painting Around 1590.</em> London: Phaidon, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. I, P. 19-20; Vol. II, P. 5, no. 7A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freedberg, S. J.<em> Circa 1600: A Revolution of Style in Italian Painting.</em> Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 8-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Gallery of Art (U.S.), Pinacoteca nazionale (Bologna, Italy), and Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). <em>The Age of Correggio and the Carracci: Emilian Painting of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries</em>. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 267, no. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pepper, D. Stephen. <em>The School of Bologna, 1570-1730, Calvaert to Crespi: [Exhibition] Harari &amp; Johns Ltd., London, 8th April-15th May, 1987</em>. London: Harari &amp; Johns, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: P. 21-22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pepper, D. Stephen. \u201cThe Aftermath of the Correggio/Carracci Exhibitions.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 126 (December 1987): 409\u2013413.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 411", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brignati, G. \"l\"Image de le Tableau, dans la Peinture du Seicento.\" In <em>Seicento: Le Sie\u0300cle de Caravage dans les Collections Franc\u0327aises:[exposition] Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, 11 octobre 1988-2 janvier 1989, Palazzo reale, Milan, mars-avril 1989. </em>Paris: Editions de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herrmann-Fiore, Kristina. \u201cIl Bacchino Malato Autoritratto Del Caravaggio Ed Altre Figure Bacchiche Degli Artisti.\u201d <em>Quaderni Di Palazzo Venezia / Museo Nazionale Del Palazzo Di Venezia</em> 6 (1989): 95-134.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 110-111, fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christiansen, Keith \"Working from life in the Accademia dei Desiderosi,\" In <em>Scritti in Onore di Giuliano Briganti.</em> Giuliano Briganti, and Marco Bona Castellotti, eds., 135-145. Milano: Longanesi, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 136, 138, 144; reproduced: P. 142, no. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Sotheby's Art at Auction. </em>London: Sotheby's Publications, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ginzburg, Silvia. \"The Portrait of Agucchi at York Reconsidered.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 136, no. 1090 (January 1994): 4-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 7; Reproduced: P. 9, fig. 10", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/885693"}, {"citation": "Emiliani, Andrea, and Grazia Agostini. <em>La pittura in Emilia e in Romagna. </em>[Milan]: Electa, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Museum Acquires Major Carracci Painting,\u201d January 19, 1994, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr3859"}, {"citation": "Morandotti, Alessandro. <em>Pittura italiana antica: artisti e opere del Seicento e del Settecento</em>. Milano, Italy: Fenice 2000, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104-106; Reproduced: p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wachter, George. \"An Ongoing Secret: The Pleasure of Old Master Paintings.\" In <em>Sotheby's Art at Auction, </em>18-21. London: Sotheby's Publications, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whitaker, Lucy, and Christopher Baker. \u201cChrist Church Picture Gallery.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 145 (May 1997): 27\u201330.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Napoleone, Caterina. \"Dedicated to Annibale.\" <em>FMR: The Magazine of Franco Maria Ricci </em>115 (Apr/May 2002): 40-42.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pons, Salvador Salort. \"Las Relaciones Artisticas Entre Italia y Sevilla Durante el Primer Tercio del Siglo XVII.\" In <em>De Herrera a Vela\u0301zquez: El Primer Naturalismo en Sevillla. </em>Alfonso E. Pe\u0301rez Sa\u0301nchez, and Benito Navarrete Prieto, eds., 54-55. [Sevilla]: Focus Abengoa, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P55, fig. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Iacono, Margaret. <em>Masterpieces of European Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York,NY: The Frick Collection, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28-31; Reproduced: no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dickerson, C. D. <em>Raw Painting: The Butcher's Shop by Annibale Carracci</em>. Fort Worth, TX: Kimbell Art Museum, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55, fig. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldin, Marco. <em>Da Vermeer a Kandinsky: capolavori dai musei del mondo a Rimini</em>. Treviso, Italy: Linea d' ombra, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rihouet, Pascale. \"Veronese's Goblets: Glass Design and the Civilizing Process.\" <em>Journal of Design History</em> 26, no. 2 (2013): 133-151.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 137, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/43831491"}, {"citation": "Campbell, Stephen J. \"Bronzino's Fable of Marsyas: Anatomy as Myth.\" In <em>Le Corps Transparent. </em>Victor Ieronim Stoichit\u0326a\u0306, ed., 173-194. Roma: \"L\u2019Erma\" di Bretschneider, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 180", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rihouet, Pascale. \"Veronese's Goblets: Glass Design and the Civilizing Process.\" <em>Journal of Design History</em> 26, no. 2 (2013): 133-151.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 137, fig. 3.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fortenberry, Diane, ed.<em> The Art Museum.</em> London; New York: Phaidon Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 245, no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Porzio, Francesco. \"Per il linguaggio del comico figurativo: il lessico metaforico delle pitture ridicole.\" In <em>Rire en images a\u0300 la Renaissance, </em>129-142.Francesca Alberti and Diane Bodart. Turnhout: Brepols, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133, fig. 3; Mentioned: pp. 134-135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ghirardi, Angela. <em>Pittura e vita popolare: un sentiero tra Anversa e l'Italia nel secondo Cinquecento. </em>Mantova: Tre lune edizioni, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zerbone, Julien. \"Le Repas Sous le Regard des Peintres.\" <em>303: recherches et creations </em>151 (2018): 233-239.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vodret, Rossella, et. al. <em>Caravaggio: opere a Roma: tecnica e stile = works in Rome: technique and style.</em> Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: SilvanaEditoriale, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Campbell, Stephen J. The Endless Periphery: Toward a Geopolitics of Art in Lorenzo Lotto's Italy. Chicago ; London : The University of Chicago Press, 2019, 234", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 234, fig. 6.6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Smee, Sebastian, \"This Simple Painting Revolutionized Art,\" <em>The Washington Post </em>(October 6, 2021).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/interactive/2021/boy-drinking-annibale-carracci/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1994.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.4/1994.4_web.jpg", "width": "696", "height": "893", "filesize": "481671", "filename": "1994.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.4/1994.4_print.jpg", "width": "2650", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6318608", "filename": "1994.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.4/1994.4_full.tif", "width": "3792", "height": "4866", "filesize": "55386988", "filename": "1994.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 157501, "creators": [{"id": 2082, "description": "Annibale Carracci (Italian, c. 1560\u20131609)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1560", "death_year": "1609", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1994-02-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1578, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1582\u201383", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:11:39.761000"}, {"id": 687583, "accession_number": "2025.18", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fata Morgana, c. 1572. Giambologna (Flemish, active Italy, 1529\u20131608). Marble; overall: 99 x 68 cm (39 x 26 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2025.18", "current_location": "117B Italian Renaissance", "title": "Fata Morgana", "creation_date": "c. 1572", "creation_date_earliest": 1529, "creation_date_latest": 1608, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "Marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 99 x 68 cm (39 x 26 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.99, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.68, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "length": 0.45, "length_inch": 17, "length_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "No Extent Specified": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Magnificenza alla corte dei Medici: Arte a Firenze alla fine del Cinquecento</em>, Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy (September 24, 1997\u2013January 6, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-09-24T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>L'ombra del genio: Michelagelo e l'arte a Firenze, 1537 - 1631,</em> Palazzo Strozzi, Florence (June 6 - September 29, 2002), <em>The Medici, Michelangelo, and the Art of Late Renaissance Florence</em>, Art Institute of Chicago (November 9, 2002\u2013February 2, 2003), &amp; Institute of Arts, Detroit (March 16 - June 8, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-11-09T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Giambologna: Triumph des K\u00f6rpers, </em>Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria (June 27\u2013September 7, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-27T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Cinquecento in Florence: Modern Manner and Counter-Reformation</em>, Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy (September 22, 2017\u2013January 21, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-09-22T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned by Bernardo Vecchietti for the Grotto of the Fata Morgana at Villa Il Riposo, Bagno a Ripoli, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1571\u201372", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "In the Grotto of the Fata Morgana and Villa of Il Riposo", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1571\u201372\u2013c. 1773", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Thomas Patch is noted as possessing the sculpture, in Florence", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1773", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "October 14: Thomas Patch requests permission to export the sculpture to \"an old English gentleman\"", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1775", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "November 20: Thomas Patch is granted permission to export the sculpture", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1775", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Purchased by Mr. Hoda of Hurst House, Essex", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1950", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Purchased by Charles Worel, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1962/67", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Consigned for sale by Charles Worel in the September 13 Christie's at Wrotham Park, Hertfordshire \"Garden Furniture and Architectural Fittings\" sale, lot 232", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Sept. 13: Patricia Wengraf (then trading as Alex Wengraf Ltd.), purchased at Christie's South Kensington at Wrotham Park, Hertfordshire, lot 232", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Private Collector, acquired from Alex Wengraf Ltd.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, purchased through Patricia Wengraf Ltd., from the above private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2025", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sculpture originally appeared to emerge mysteriously from a cave within a constructed grotto.", "description": "Commissioned by prominent banker Bernardo Vecchietti, whose surname means \u201cold,\u201d <em>Fata Morgana</em> took the name both of the nearby spring that fed the fountain she surmounted, and the legendary fairy who restored King Arthur\u2019s youth. The <em>Fata Morgana</em> is one of only around a dozen sculptures in marble by Giambologna. The artist\u2019s favorite subject was the female nude because of its capacity to showcase his extraordinary ability to model softness in hard stone and to convey dynamic movement. Her twisting pose invites the viewer to appreciate the <em>Fata Morgana</em> from every angle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Borghini, R. <em>Il Riposo di Rafaello Borghini. </em>Florence: 1584. Florence, 1730. pp. xvi, 199, 549.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ilriposodiraffae00borg_1/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "<em>Serie degli uomini i pi\u00f9 illustri nella pittura, scultura, e architettura, </em>VII. Florence, 1773. p. 22.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=gri.ark:/13960/t80k4225h&seq=44&q1=borghini"}, {"citation": "Borghini, Raffaello. <em>Il riposo di Rafaello Borghini. </em>Florence, 1584. Milan: 1807. pp. 8\u20139.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.a0004519989&seq=11&q1=fata+morgana"}, {"citation": "Desjardins, Abel. <em>La Vie et L'\u0152uvre de Jean Bologne d'apre\u0300s les manuscrits ine\u0301dits recueillis par M. Foucques de Vagnonville, </em>f. p. 1883 this edition Paris, 1901. p. 154, no. 9.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dhanens, Elisabeth. <em>Jean Boulogne, Giovanni Bologna Fiammingo, Douai 1529 - Florence 1608. Bijdrage tot de studie van de kunstbetrekkingen tussen het graafschap Vlaanderen en Itali\u00eb (Verhandelingen. Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van Belgi\u00eb. Klasse der Shone Kunsten II</em>). Brussels: Paleis der Academi\u00ebn, 1956. p. 104.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Benevento, M. I. and G. Fanelli. \"Un'architettura del Giambologna in abbandono, Il ninfeo della villa <em>Il riposo.\" Ingegneri-Architetti</em> XI-XII (1961): pp. 11\u201324.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pope-Hennessy, Sir John Wyndham. <em>Catalogue of Italian sculpture in the Victoria and Albert Museum. </em>London: H.M. Stationery Off., 1964.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "de Francqueville, Robert. <em>Pierre de Francqueville, Sculpteur des M\u00e9dicis et du roi Henri IV (1548\u20131615)</em>. Paris: Picard, 1968.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gurrieri, Francesco and Judith Chatfield. <em>Boboli Gardens</em>. Florence: Editrice Edam, 1972.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bauer, Rotraud and Herbert Haupt. \"Das Kunstkammerinventar Kaiser Rudolfs II., 1607-1611.\" <em>Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Samm-lungen in Wien</em>, Band LXXII, 1976.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Avery, Charles et al. 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"full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.18/2025.18_alt19_full.tif", "width": "8384", "height": "12385", "filesize": "311534508"}, "date_created": "2025-04-08T20:11:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.18/2025.18_alt20_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "696", "filesize": "191384"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.18/2025.18_alt20_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2631", "filesize": "2274172"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.18/2025.18_alt20_full.tif", "width": "10078", "height": "7799", "filesize": "235825232"}, "date_created": "2025-04-08T15:37:13", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "1d8371018dd54403955b3f535c311dc9", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/1d8371018dd54403955b3f535c311dc9", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 687583, "creators": [{"id": 4663, "description": "Giambologna (Flemish, active Italy, 1529\u20131608)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "sculptor", "biography": "Giambologna (1529-1608) was a Flemish sculptor based in Italy. His early training was in Antwerp under the architect-sculptor Jacques du Broeucq. In the 1550s, he studied sculptures of classical antiquity in Rome. He reached the height of his career while working as a court sculptor for the Medici Dukes in Florence, where he settled in 1553. celebrated for his Mannerist marble and bronze statuary, Giambologna was influenced by Michelangelo's works but developed his own style, characterized by a fine sense of movement and refined surface finish.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1529", "death_year": "1608", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2025-04-07T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1529, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1572", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:30.778000"}, {"id": 138692, "accession_number": "1963.104.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vishnu, 900\u2013950. South India, Tamil Nadu, probably Pudokkatai, early Chola Dynasty, 10th Century. Granite; overall: 129.5 x 38.1 cm (51 x 15 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1963.104.2", "current_location": "243 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Vishnu", "creation_date": "900\u2013950", "creation_date_earliest": 900, "creation_date_latest": 950, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South India, Tamil Nadu, probably Pudokkatai, early Chola Dynasty, 10th Century"], "technique": "granite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 129.5 x 38.1 cm (51 x 15 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.295, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.381, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William H. Wolff [1906-1991], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1963", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["63.106"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Vishnu is shown here in his form as supreme lord, his high crown indicative of his royal aspect; his four arms reveal his superhuman nature. His upper right hand holds a discus, seen from the side. In his upper left hand he holds the conch shell.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752318"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.104.2-vishnu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n259"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n259"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 298", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n318"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 144\u2013145", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.104.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.104.2/1963.104.2_web.jpg", "width": "507", "height": "900", "filesize": "111372", "filename": "1963.104.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.104.2/1963.104.2_print.jpg", "width": "1917", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1257384", "filename": "1963.104.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.104.2/1963.104.2_full.tif", "width": "4511", "height": "8000", "filesize": "108295968", "filename": "1963.104.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138692, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "900\u2013950", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1963.104", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:06:21.187000"}, {"id": 112856, "accession_number": "1931.449", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Crucifixion with a Carthusian Monk, 1460. Workshop of Rogier van der Weyden (Flemish, c. 1399\u20131464). Oil and gold on wood; image: 37.1 x 27.3 cm (14 5/8 x 10 3/4 in.); framed: 57.5 x 48 x 7 cm (22 5/8 x 18 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 38.4 x 29.2 cm (15 1/8 x 11 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1931.449", "current_location": "112 Northern Renaissance", "title": "The Crucifixion with a Carthusian Monk", "creation_date": "1460", "creation_date_earliest": 1455, "creation_date_latest": 1465, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil and gold on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 37.1 x 27.3 cm (14 5/8 x 10 3/4 in.); Framed: 57.5 x 48 x 7 cm (22 5/8 x 18 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 38.4 x 29.2 cm (15 1/8 x 11 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.371, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.273, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "framed": {"height": 0.575, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.48, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.384, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.292, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355594, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Masterpieces in Miniature", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Masterpieces in Miniature</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 3-August 29, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-06-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Art Through the Ages, </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (Oct. 30, 1931-Nov. 29, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-10-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, Lower Rhine, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Paul Drey, Munich, Germany)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(A. S. Drey, New York, NY sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1931", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Carthusian monks can easily be identified by the white scapular or large rectangular piece of fabric, which is joined by bands at the side and has a hood attached to it.", "description": "This painting shows a Carthusian monk kneeling in devotion and prayer before the Crucifixion. It is likely that this panel was intended for the cell of a monk in an unknown monastery. The Carthusians were particularly devoted to the Passion and Crucifixion of Christ, and devotional images were provided for each monk\u2019s cell. The Carthusian order was founded by Saint Bruno in 1084 with the purpose of providing the strictest separation from the world. The first Carthusians were dedicated to contemplation through silence, prayer, poverty, penance, and almost continuous occupancy of a solitary cell. The solitary life could only be maintained through the establishment of separate cell houses. Each community of monks was limited to the apostolic number of 12, though exceptions were sometimes made. They were recognized by their white, full-length, cowled habit called the scapular, shown here. The artist has not been identified.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513422"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.449-the-crucifixion-with"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Destre\u0301e, Jules. <em>Roger de La Pasture van der Weyden</em>. Paris: G. van Oest, 1930.", "page_number": "vol. I, p. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Flemish Panel of the Crucifixion.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 19, no. 1 (1932)", "page_number": "pp. 2, 4-7", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137440"}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Gets XVth Century Crucifixion,\" <em>Art Digest </em>vol. 6 (Jan. 15, 1932).", "page_number": "p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Crucifixion,\" <em>American Magazine of Art </em>vol. XXIV (Feb. 1932).", "page_number": "p. 145", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Adds Flemish Master,\" <em>Art News </em>Vol. XXX, pt. 1 (Jan. 9, 1932).", "page_number": "p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"American Art Notes: A Flemish \"Crucifixion\" for Cleveland,\" <em>Connoisseur, </em>Vol. 89, no. 367 (March 1932).", "page_number": "pp. 215-16", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Recent Museum Acquisitions.\" <em>Parnassus </em>Vol. IV, no. 1 (Jan. 1932).", "page_number": "p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n32"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 434", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n80"}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. <em>Flanders in the Fifteenth Century: Art and Civilization. Catalogue of the Exhibition Masterpieces of Flemish Art: Van Eyck to Bosch.</em> 1960.", "page_number": "p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n92"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n92"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 56, p. 158 - 159", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n96"}, {"citation": "Jolly, Penny Howell. \u201cRogier van Der Weyden\u2019s Escorial and Philadelphia Crucifixions and Their Relation to Fra Angelico at San Marco.\u201d <em>Oud-Holland</em> 95, no. 3 (January 3, 1981).", "page_number": "p. 125, no 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten (Belgium). <em>The Flemish Primitives: Catalogue of Early Netherlandish Painting in the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium.</em> Brussels: Brepols, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 148, fig. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. <em>Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419</em> : Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 71, pp.200, 202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel.<em> A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages</em>. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 81, fig 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weyden, Rogier van der, Lorne Campbell, and Jose\u0301 Juan Pe\u0301rez Preciado. <em>Rogier van der Weyden y Espan\u0303a: actas del congreso internacional = proceedings of the international symposium</em>, Madrid, Museo Nacional del Prado, mayo de 2015. 2016.", "page_number": "pp. 36-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martens, Didier and Alexandre Dimov. \u201cJacob Cornelisz. van Oostsanen, le <em>Stabat Mater</em> en moyen n\u00e9erlandais et le type figur\u00e9 de la <em>Crucifixion au Chartreux</em>.\u201d <em>Annales d'Histoire de l'Art et d'Arch</em>\u00e9<em>ologie 47</em>,(2025): 69-106.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 95-96; Reproduced: p. 96", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.449", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.449/1931.449_web.jpg", "width": "661", "height": "893", "filesize": "461215", "filename": "1931.449_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.449/1931.449_print.jpg", "width": "2516", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6229012", "filename": "1931.449_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.449/1931.449_full.tif", "width": "4070", "height": "5500", "filesize": "67186652", "filename": "1931.449_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Lucia Smith Nash Gallery", "athena_id": 112856, "creators": [{"id": 48707, "description": "Rogier van der Weyden (Flemish, c. 1399\u20131464)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "workshop of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1399", "death_year": "1464", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-11-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1455, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1460", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:57:37.023000"}, {"id": 126088, "accession_number": "1948.308", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Feline Incense Burner, 1150\u20131200. Iran, Khurasan, Seljuq period of Iran (1037\u20131194). Copper alloy, cast, engraved, chased, and pierced; overall: 35.5 x 11 x 32.5 cm (14 x 4 5/16 x 12 13/16 in.); head: 17.8 x 9.5 x 12.5 cm (7 x 3 3/4 x 4 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1948.308", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Feline Incense Burner", "creation_date": "1150\u20131200", "creation_date_earliest": 1150, "creation_date_latest": 1200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Khurasan, Seljuq period of Iran (1037\u20131194)"], "technique": "Copper alloy, cast, engraved, chased, and pierced", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 35.5 x 11 x 32.5 cm (14 x 4 5/16 x 12 13/16 in.); Head: 17.8 x 9.5 x 12.5 cm (7 x 3 3/4 x 4 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.355, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.11, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.325, "depth_inch": 12, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "length": 0.337, "length_inch": 13, "length_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "head": {"height": 0.178, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.095, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.125, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "The inscription reads in part: \"O believers, when proclamation is made for prayer on the Day of Congregation, hasten to God's remembrance and leave trafficking aside... then, when the prayer is finished, disperse through the land and seek God's bounty, and remember God frequently that you may prosper.\"", "inscription_remark": "The Arabic inscriptions in Kufic script around the lion's neck and along his spine are from the Qur'an sura al-jum'ah (The Friday Congregation) 62:9-10.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518751, "title": "The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran", "description": "<i>The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (October 19, 1961-January 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 377642, "title": "Islam and the Medieval West", "description": "<i>Islam and the Medieval West</i>. University Art Museum, Binghamton, NY, Binghamton, NY (organizer) (April 6-May 4, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-04-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Kunstschatze aus Iran. </em>DIE WOCHE, Zurich, Switzerland (6/6/1962).", "opening_date": "1962-06-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1948", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Arabic inscriptions in Kufic script against a background of scrolling arabesques run along the back and neck of the feline form.", "description": "In Iran during the 1000s and 1100s, vessels in the shape of animals gained popularity, especially as incense burners. Felines were favored in Persian art and this piece may represent a caracal, a type of lynx. The head of the creature was cast separately and is removable to fill its body with hot coals and incense. Qur\u2019anic verses on the neck and spine remind worshippers to set work aside, attend prayer, and then disperse to seek God\u2019s bounty. The diffusion of perfumed smoke through the burner\u2019s pierced palmette design may have served as a sensorial reminder of this teaching.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754723"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.308-feline-incense-burne"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cPart II. Annual Report Issue for the Year 1948.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 36, no. 6, 1949, pp. 111\u2013142.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141566"}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \"A Lion Incense Burner of the Seljuk Period\". <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>44 (6): 115-118.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover & p. 117; Mentioned: p. 115-118", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142215"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 707", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n129"}, {"citation": "<em>Persian Art Before And After the Mongol Conquest.: [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959. the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor</em>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 46, p. 30; Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ghirshman, Roman. <em>Sept mille ans d'art en Iran: Petit Palais, Octobre 1961-Janvier 1962</em>. Paris: Association francaise d\u2019action artistique, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176, pl. CVIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ku\u0308hnel, Ernst. <em>Islamische Kleinkunst: ein Handbuch fu\u0308r Sammler und Liebhaber</em>. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced ill no. 127; Mentioned: p 166-167", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n232"}, {"citation": "Educational Research Council of Greater Cleveland, The Human Adventure, III: Medieval Civilization. Grade 5, Vol. 3 (1st edition, 1965-1966)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Melikian-Chirvani, Assadullah Souren. <em>Le griffon iranien de Pise Mate\u0301riaux pour un corpus de l'argenterie et du bronze iraniens III</em>. Wiesbaden: [s.n.], 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72; Mentioned: p. 71-73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg. \"The Visual Arts, 1050-1350.\" <em>Cambridge History of Iran</em>. 5 (1968): 626-658.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl 11; Mentioned: p. 645", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n232"}, {"citation": "Ku\u0308hnel, Ernst and Katherine Watson, translator. <em>Islamic Arts</em>. London: Bell, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig.127; Mentioned: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 264", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n284"}, {"citation": "Zorzi, Alvise. <em>Marco Polo: Venezia E L'oriente</em>. Milano: Electa, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114; Mentioned: p 118p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baer, Eva. <em>Metalwork in Medieval Islamic Art</em>. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 41; Mentioned: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Isura\u0304mu jidai no dosei hakogata ko\u0304ro</em> [\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u571f\u88fd\u7bb1\u578b\u9999\u7089 = Clay cuboid incense burners of the Islamic period]. Nara-shi: Shiruku Ro\u0304do-gaku Kenkyu\u0304 Senta\u0304, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Clay Cuboid Incense Burners of the Islamic Period,\" <em>Bulletin of the Research Center for Silk Roadology</em> 25 (2009) 101.", "page_number": "p. 101", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. <em>Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th-21st Century</em>. Cleveland; New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 132, fig. 4.2; Mentioned: P. 33, 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22-25; Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1984.37", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Figure of a Warrior", "creation_date": "after 1325 (thermoluminescence date of casting core, 1345\u20131575)", "creation_date_earliest": 1325, "creation_date_latest": 1575, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Mexico, Tetzcoco?, Aztec, Post-Classic Period"], "technique": "gold-silver-copper alloy (cast)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 11.2 x 6.1 cm (4 7/16 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.112, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.061, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1984</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441882, "title": "Treasures of the New World", "description": "<i>Treasures of the New World</i>. Mus\u00e9es Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium (organizer) (September 15-December 25, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 219999, "title": "Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (July 16-September 29, 2002); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (May 27-August 18, 2003); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (October 26, 2003-January 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2002-07-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222472, "title": "The Aztecs", "description": "<i>The Aztecs</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 16, 2002-April 11, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-11-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222159, "title": "The Aztec Empire", "description": "<i>The Aztec Empire</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (October 14, 2004-February 15, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection [by early 1960s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of the Art, Cleveland, OH [purchased 1984]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1984-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The calendar glyphs on the figure's back read \"2 Rabbit, 3 Water.\"", "description": "The elite status of this warrior, who holds a dartthrower, darts, and a shield, is revealed by the gold from which he is made as well as his jewelry and sandals. Military accomplishment was prized by the Aztecs, whose imperial expansion was fueled by ambition as well as their belief that they were chosen to uphold cosmic order through war. The purpose of the chest cavity is unclear; the figurine may have been worn as a pendant.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756943"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.37-figure-of-a-warrior"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Garci\u0301a Granados, Rafael. <em>Estudio comparativo de los signos cronogra\u0301ficos e slos co\u0301dices prehispa\u0301nicos de Me\u0301jico. Actas De La Primera Sesion Celebr.</em> En Me\u0301xico En 1939, Del 27 Congreso Internac. De Americanistas. Me\u0301xico: Talleres gra\u0301f. de la nacio\u0301n, 1942.", "page_number": "pp. 419-469", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dempsey, James H. \"The Annual Report for 1984.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 4 (1985)", "page_number": "p. 265", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159905"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 1991.", "page_number": "p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Deletaille, Emile, and Lin Deletaille. <em>Tre\u0301sors du nouveau monde. Bruxelles: Muse\u0301es royaux d'art et d'histoire</em>, 1992.", "page_number": "fig. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Young-S\u00e1nchez, Margaret. \"Figurine of a Warrior.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 4 (1993)", "page_number": "pp. 144-147", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161403"}, {"citation": "<em>World of Art</em>. Carson, CA: Educational Insights, 1995.", "page_number": "footnote no. 4, Appendix A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Young- Sanchez, Margaret. \" An Aztec Gold Warrior Figurine (from the Cleveland Museum of Art).\" <em>Res </em>29/30 (Spring/Autumn, 1996.)", "page_number": "pp. 102-126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Symes, Robin.<em> Bull Leapers to Picasso</em>. 2000.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Matos Moctezuma, Eduardo, and Felipe R. Soli\u0301s Olgui\u0301n. <em>Aztecs</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maurer, Evan M., and Molly Hennen.<em> Symboles sacre\u0301s: quatre mille ans d'art des Ame\u0301riques.</em> Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2002.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 88, pp. 114-115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain), Martin-Gropius-Bau (Berlin, Germany), and Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. <em>Azteken</em>. Ko\u0308ln: DuMont, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253; Mentioned and reproduced: p. 446, no. 186", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Soli\u0301s Olgui\u0301n, Felipe R. <em>The Aztec Empire</em>. New York, N.Y.: Guggenheim Museum Publications, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 231, Cat. No. 156, pl. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Aztecs at the Guggenheim: A Lost Culture Comes to Life.\" <em>Special Advertisement section. The New Yorker</em>. (November 15, 2004)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Baqeudano, Elizabeth. \" El Oro Azteca y sus Conexiones con el Poder, la Fertilidad Agricola, la Guerra y la Muerte.\" Estudios de Cultura Nahuatl. Vol. 36 (2005).", "page_number": "fig. a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wason, Marianne. \" Albrecht Durer: On Viewing an Exhibit of Aztec Gold.\" (2006)", "page_number": null, "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>30,000 Years of Art: The Story of Human Creativity Across Time and Space</em>. London: Phaidon, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 682", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>World Views: Contact and Change</em>. (Canada: Pearson Education, 2007)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Beuno Bravo, Isabel. <em>Storia National Geographic</em>. Ed. Margarite Casanovas. (2009)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 118-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Falchetti, Ana Mari\u0301a. <em>Lo humano y lo divino: metalurgia y cosmogoni\u0301a en la Ame\u0301rica antigua</em>. 2018.", "page_number": "106", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.37", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_web.jpg", "width": "682", "height": "893", "filesize": "342591", "filename": "1984.37_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_print.jpg", "width": "2597", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4967657", "filename": "1984.37_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_full.tif", "width": "3784", "height": "4953", "filesize": "56255304", "filename": "1984.37_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "244474"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2350", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3916615"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3322", "height": "4805", "filesize": "47913720"}, "date_created": "2010-03-24T14:11:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "585", "height": "893", "filesize": "238947"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2226", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3607369"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3162", "height": "4828", "filesize": "45827028"}, "date_created": "2010-03-24T14:27:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "893", "filesize": "357261"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2698", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5162737"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.37/1984.37_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3749", "height": "4723", "filesize": "53148484"}, "date_created": "2010-03-24T13:36:06", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151964, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-05-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1325, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "after 1325 (thermoluminescence date of casting core, 1345\u20131575)", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:45:35.972000"}, {"id": 148798, "accession_number": "1976.51", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nome Gods Bearing Offerings, c. 1391\u20131353 BCE. Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE). Painted limestone; overall: 66 x 133 cm (26 x 52 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1976.51", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Nome Gods Bearing Offerings", "creation_date": "c. 1391\u20131353 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1391, "creation_date_latest": -1353, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE)"], "technique": "painted limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 66 x 133 cm (26 x 52 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.66, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.33, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "length": 1.33, "length_inch": 52, "length_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "<i>Year in Review, 1976</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311471, "title": "Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World", "description": "<i>Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 1-September 27, 1992); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (October 24, 1992-January 31, 1993); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (March 2-May 31, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-07-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Year in Review for 1976, </em>Cleveland Museum of Art (February 1 - March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Pharaohs: Treasures of Egyptian Art from the Louvre.</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 11-April 14, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-02-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably Kom el-Ahmar, ancient Hebenu.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Miss Frieda Tchacos, Uraeus Gallery, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1976", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1976-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 136667, "description": "Nome Gods Bearing Offerings, c. 1391\u20131353 BCE. Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Amenhotep III (1390\u20131352 BCE). Painted limestone; overall: 66 x 133 cm (26 x 52 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1961.205", "relationship": "originally part of"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Another block from the same temple wall was acquired 15 years earlier by the museum.", "description": "These blocks from a temple wall have preserved their original painted decoration to a remarkable degree. The four portly figures in the lower register bear emblems on their heads identifying them as nomes, or provinces, of ancient Egypt. Carrying trays heaped with offerings and leading sacrificial animals, they personify the bounty of the land. First (on the right) is the Oryx Nome, followed by the Dog Nome, the Falcon Nome, and the Double Scepter Nome. The face of each nome figure is a miniature portrait of Amenhotep III, and each recites a speech in the king's name. The first figure says, \"King Nebmaatra [Amenhotep III] has come, bringing to you every good thing that is in this land, that you may give him all life, stability, dominion, and all health from you.\" The second, third, and fourth figures bring \"all greens,\" \"the produce of the Two Lands [Upper and Lower Egypt],\" and \"all offerings and provisions.\" The god to whom the nomes bring offerings stood in the fragmentary upper register, facing a standing figure of the king, Amenhotep III. The pair of legs on the right belonged to the god; the single foot on the left belonged to the king. The god held a scepter, forked at the bottom, embellished with coils of rope (for eternity), tadpoles (for hundreds of thousands), and notched palm ribs (for years), the whole signifying \"an eternity of hundreds of thousands of years.\" These blocks may be from Amenhotep III's temple at Kom el-Ahmar, ancient Hebenu, in Middle Egypt, dedicated to the god Horus. Hebenu was the capital of the Oryx Nome, which leads the procession of nome gods. Amenhotep III's temple was later dismantled, and its blocks were reused in the foundations of another structure, which would account for the excellent preservation of the paint.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779426"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.51-nome-gods-bearing-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"An Obsession with Heads: The Impact of African Arts, Anthropology, and Photography on the Works of Alberto Giacometti,\" <em>Medium </em>(May 2022).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/an-obsession-with-heads-968e8e8c2d30"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"Ancient Art [Annual Report for 1976].\" CMA Bulletin 64, no. 6 (June 1977): 159.", "page_number": "p. 159", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159530"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n33"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"Guessing the Unseen from the Seen.\" <em>CMA Bulletin </em>66, no. 9 (December 1979): 338-342, fig. 13.", "page_number": "p. 338-342, fig. 13", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159651"}, {"citation": "Silver, Adele. <em>Guide to the Galleries: The Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971; 2nd ed., rev 1981.", "page_number": "p. 10-11, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. <em>An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"The Egyptian Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Newsletter of the American Research Center in Egypt 125</em>, (Spring 1984): 9.", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baines, John. <em>Fecundicy Figures: Egyptian Personification and the Iconology of a Genre</em>. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, and Chicago: Bolchazy-Carducci, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 90, fig. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, W. Raymond, \"Images of Amenhotep III in Thebes: Styles and Intentions.\" In <em>The Art of Amenhotep III: Art Historical Analysis; Papers Presented at the International Symposium Held at the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio</em>, 34. Lawrence Michael Berman, ed. Cleveland,OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Romano, James. \"A Second Look at 'Images of Amenhotep III in Thebes: Styles and Intentions' by W. Raymond Johnson.\" In <em>The Art of Amenhotep III: Art Historical Analysis; Papers Presented at the International Symposium Held at the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio</em>, 52-53. Lawrence Michael Berman, ed. Cleveland,OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 52-53", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "<em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>no. 2 (1991).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World.\" <em>Egyptian Archaeology </em>2 (1991): 22.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle and Betsy Bryan. \"Egypt's Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and His World.\" <em>Minerva </em>3, no.4 (July/August 1992): 27, fig. 4.", "page_number": "p. 27, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delange, E. \"Egypt's Dazzling Sun, Amenhotep III and His World Cleveland.\" <em>BSFE </em>125 (October 1992): 33, fig. 3.", "page_number": "p. 33, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Delange, Elisabeth. \"Introduction.\" <em>Connaissance des Arts</em>, special issue 36 (1993): 4, fig. 2.", "page_number": "p. 4, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yoyette, Jean. \"Amenophis III: Soleil des souverains.\" <em>Beaux-Arts Magazine</em>, special issue (February 1993): 7.", "page_number": "p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bianchi, Robert Steven. \"Amenophis III: Le pharaon soleil.\" <em>Archeologia </em>288 (March 1993): 22.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle. \"Revelations from Egypt's 'Dazzling Sun.'\" <em>Chronicle of Higher Education</em> 39, no. 30 (March 11, 1993): B3.", "page_number": "B3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Siliotti, Alberto.<em> Egypt: Splendours of an Ancient Civilization</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 54, fig. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilkinson, Richard. <em>Symbol and Magic in Egyptian Art</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Noblecourt, Christiane Desroches. <em>Amours et fureurs de La Lointaine: Cles pours la comprehension de symboles egyptiens</em>. Paris: Stock-Pernoud, 1995.", "page_number": "pl. XVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., \"Royal Allegory\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 36 no. 08, March 1996", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-03/page/8"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Lawrence Michael Berman, and Kenneth J. Bohac\u030c. <em>Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 227-231, cat. no. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 227-229, Color: p. 5; Mentioned: p. 227-231", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 6, p. 11 & 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp 22-23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 74", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.51", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.51/1976.51_web.jpg", "width": "770", "height": "893", "filesize": "669461", "filename": "1976.51_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.51/1976.51_print.jpg", "width": "2932", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9465776", "filename": "1976.51_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.51/1976.51_full.tif", "width": "4168", "height": "4834", "filesize": "60486148", "filename": "1976.51_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.51/1976.51_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "646", "filesize": "675198"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.51/1976.51_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1738", "filesize": "4957378"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.51/1976.51_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7500", "height": "3834", "filesize": "86326172"}, "date_created": "2009-09-08T17:09:25", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148798, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-07-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1391, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1391\u20131353 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Four Nome Gods Bearing Offerings below Fragmentary Scene of Amenhotep III before the God Amen"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:38:30.388000"}, {"id": 173167, "accession_number": "1915.682", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Winding Yarn (Interior of a Nantucket Kitchen), 1872. Eastman Johnson (American, 1824\u20131906). Oil on board; framed: 70.2 x 85.4 x 10.2 cm (27 5/8 x 33 5/8 x 4 in.); unframed: 37.5 x 54.6 cm (14 3/4 x 21 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1915.682", "current_location": "207 American Realism", "title": "Winding Yarn (Interior of a Nantucket Kitchen)", "creation_date": "1872", "creation_date_earliest": 1872, "creation_date_latest": 1872, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on board", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 70.2 x 85.4 x 10.2 cm (27 5/8 x 33 5/8 x 4 in.); Unframed: 37.5 x 54.6 cm (14 3/4 x 21 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.702, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.854, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.102, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.375, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.546, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "former": {"height": 0.527, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.699, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.051, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  E. Johnson 1872", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360895, "title": "Painting Today and Yesterday in the United States", "description": "<i>Painting Today and Yesterday in the United States</i>. Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (organizer) (June 5-September 1, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311952, "title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding", "description": "<i>Art, A Means to World Understanding</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-April 10, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-03-16T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Catalogue of Finished Pictures, Studies, and Drawings by the late Eastman Johnson</em>,<em> N.A</em>.. American Art Association, New York, NY (February 26\u201327,1907).", "opening_date": "1907-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Eastman Johnson at Nantucket</em>. Kenneth Taylor Gallery, Nantucket, MA (July 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-07-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Sesquicentennial Celebration.</em> Miami University, Oxford, OH (May15\u2013June 15, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-05-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 6\u2013September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "H. B. Hurlbut, Cleveland (1878).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["355.1915"], "did_you_know": "Eastman Johnson was a cofounder of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.", "description": "Set in a rustic kitchen on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, this painting depicts a woman who winds a ball of yarn from a coil looped in the hands of a man sitting across from her at a respectable distance. At the time, winding yarn was a common symbol of courtship that carried humorous overtones of a woman ensnaring her suitor. The second woman in the composition is likely a chaperone. The suitor\u2019s unrefined, open-legged pose, coupled with his rude action of placing his hat on the floor, adds further comic elements that contemporary audiences would have appreciated.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230230"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.682-winding-yarn-interio"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Strahan, Edward, ed. <em>The Art Treasures of America: Being the Choicest Works of Art in the Public and Private Collections of North America</em>. vol. 8. Philadelphia: Gebbie &amp; Barrie, 1879.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition June 6-September 20, 1916.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 128, no. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Donald Jeffries Bear, and Janet Hite Lineberger. <em>Painting Today and Yesterday in the United States. June Fifth [to] September First, 1941.</em> Santa Barbara, Calif: [Pacific Coast Pub. Co.], 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Crosby, Everett Uberto. <em>Eastman Johnson at Nantucket: His Paintings and Sketches of Nantucket People and Scenes</em>. Nantucket, MA: 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19, fig. C.51; Reproduced: p. 58, fig. C.51", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, cat. 116", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. Prologue in <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14-15; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "National Museum of American History. <em>Smithsonian's America: An Interactive Exhibition of American History and Culture</em>. 1994; Salinas, CA: Creative Multimedia, 1994. Multimedia CD-ROM.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Carbone, Teresa A., and Patricia Hills. <em>Eastman Johnson: Painting America</em>. New York: Brooklyn Museum of Art, in association with Rizzoli International Publications, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79, fig. 43; Mentioned: p. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 535", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n99"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.682", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "612", "filesize": "187774", "filename": "1915.682_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2312", "filesize": "2383555", "filename": "1915.682_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_full.tif", "width": "13574", "height": "9230", "filesize": "375892020", "filename": "1915.682_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "625", "filesize": "114530"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2362", "filesize": "1888546"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_alt0_full.tif", "width": "13909", "height": "9663", "filesize": "403234732"}, "date_created": "2024-11-15T17:29:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1091", "height": "893", "filesize": "818268"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2783", "filesize": "7921904"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4588", "height": "3756", "filesize": "51727396"}, "date_created": "2010-07-19T19:29:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "863", "filesize": "757432"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2323", "filesize": "5066235"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.682/1915.682_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3416", "filesize": "51264144"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Payne Fund Gallery", "athena_id": 173167, "creators": [{"id": 2703, "description": "Eastman Johnson (American, 1824\u20131906)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1824", "death_year": "1906", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1915-10-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1872, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1872", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:54.624000"}, {"id": 108809, "accession_number": "1926.488", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Wood Interior, c. 1910. Emil Carlsen (American, born Denmark, 1848\u20131932). Oil on canvas; unframed: 114 x 99 cm (44 7/8 x 39 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Henry A. Everett for the Dorothy Burnham Everett Memorial Collection, 1926.488", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Wood Interior", "creation_date": "c. 1910", "creation_date_earliest": 1905, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 114 x 99 cm (44 7/8 x 39 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 1.14, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.99, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  Emil Carlsen.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442840, "title": "American Paintings 1825 - 1915 from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>American Paintings 1825 - 1915 from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Johnson-Humrickhouse Museum, Coshocton, OH (organizer) (July 7-November 1, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-07-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Fourth Exhibition of Oil Paintings by Contemporary American Artists.</em> The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (December 17, 1912-January 26, 1913).", "opening_date": "1912-12-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Paintings by American Artists - Colonial Portraits</em>. Macbeth Gallery, New York, NY (1914?).", "opening_date": "1914-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Inaugural Exhibition</em>. Rochester, NY, The Memorial Art Gallery, Rochester, NY (August 29- October 1913).", "opening_date": "1913-08-29T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>American Paintings 1825-1915 From The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> The Kenneth C. Beck Center, Lakewood, OH (September 17-October 13, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Looking Back: A Perspective on the 1913 Inaugural Exhibition</em>. Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (October 8-November 20, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-10-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2583.18"], "did_you_know": "Carlsen\u2019s son Dines also became a professional artist, and the two exhibited together several times.", "description": "Through luminescent color, filtered light, and a subtle evocation of atmosphere, Carlsen created a quiet, meditative mood in<em> Wood Interior. </em>The delicate trees, trickling brook, and soft bed of the forest floor invite a tranquil retreat from bustling city life. The painting\u2019s lighter palette is complemented by its custom-made gilded frame, which is crafted in muted 16-karat gold rather than the standard, more vibrant 18-karat.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503694"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.488-wood-interior"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Art Throughout America.\" <em>Art News</em> 36, No.40 (September 1938).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Macbeth Gallery. <em>Paintings by American Artists: Colonial Portraits</em>. New York: William Macbeth, 1914.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.18", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bystander</em>, August, 10, 1929.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 15, no. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"The Dorothy Burnham Everett Memorial Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 25, No.6 (June 1938).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.124", "url": "http://jstor.org/stable/25137944"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Checklist. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no.1 (January 1973).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.23; Reproduced: p.23", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"American landscape paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Antiques</em> (November 1973).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.914; Reproduced: p.917", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tananbaum, Dorothy. <em>The Art of Emil Carlsen</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Hammer Galleries, in association with S &amp; R Hayden, 1977.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Indursky, William Eric.<em> Emil Carlsen: Conscious Painting</em>. New York: Emil Carlsen Archives. 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.173", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.488", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_web.jpg", "width": "785", "height": "900", "filesize": "373224", "filename": "1926.488_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_print.jpg", "width": "2965", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4937951", "filename": "1926.488_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_full.tif", "width": "10065", "height": "11543", "filesize": "348569952", "filename": "1926.488_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "791", "height": "900", "filesize": "251507"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2987", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2934145"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10356", "height": "11788", "filesize": "366257376"}, "date_created": "2022-10-31T10:57:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "806", "height": "893", "filesize": "636372"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3067", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8820489"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3460", "height": "3836", "filesize": "39859568"}, "date_created": "2008-08-13T14:35:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "783", "height": "893", "filesize": "606713"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2982", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7148792"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3371", "height": "3844", "filesize": "38881504"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "782", "height": "893", "filesize": "582162"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2976", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7595183"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.488/1926.488_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3603", "height": "4116", "filesize": "44518320"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Henry A. Everett for the Dorothy Burnham Everett Memorial Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 108809, "creators": [{"id": 3053, "description": "Emil Carlsen (American, born Denmark, 1848\u20131932)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1848", "death_year": "1932", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-11-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1905, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1910", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Woodland Interior"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:09.206000"}, {"id": 120827, "accession_number": "1941.552", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Catherine Clemens and Her Son, John Marcus Clemens, c. 1800. Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821). Watercolor on ivory in a gold and split pearl frame; framed: 9 x 7.3 cm (3 9/16 x 2 7/8 in.); sight: 8 x 6.1 cm (3 1/8 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.552", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Catherine Clemens and Her Son, John Marcus Clemens", "creation_date": "c. 1800", "creation_date_earliest": 1795, "creation_date_latest": 1805, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold and split pearl frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9 x 7.3 cm (3 9/16 x 2 7/8 in.); Sight: 8 x 6.1 cm (3 1/8 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.09, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.073, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "sight": {"height": 0.08, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.061, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335533, "title": "Four Centuries of Miniature Painting", "description": "<i>Four Centuries of Miniature Painting</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (January 18-March 19, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335560, "title": "Chefs d\u2019Oeuvre de la Miniature et de la Gouache", "description": "<i>Chefs d\u2019Oeuvre de la Miniature et de la Gouache</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'art et d'histoire, Geneva, Switzerland (organizer) (June 15-August 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "<i>Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "<i>Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Gallery Rotation,</em> Gallery 202, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main European Rotation,</em> Gallery 202, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1930-1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1941", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Portraits of mothers with their children were much more common in the 1700s and 1800s in Britain than were portraits of fathers with their children.", "description": "This sensitive portrait of Catherine Clemens and her son, John Marcus, was painted around 1800 and exemplifies the prettiness for which Cosway was so well known. The artist\u2019s trademark turquoise blue sky is reflected in the boy\u2019s brilliant blue eyes and the bow on the frock that slips informally off his shoulder. This miniature also showcases Cosway\u2019s mature technique of delicate stipplework throughout the faces, contrasted with looser brushstrokes for the hair and garments. Both John Marcus and his mother are swathed in white ruffled fabric, against which the paleness of their skin seems even more pronounced. Like his contemporaries, Cosway used the bare ivory ground to enhance the creaminess of flesh tones. John Marcus wears a coral necklace, frequently given to children during this period as a talisman believed to ward off illness. His innocent, childish gesture of reaching down his mother\u2019s dress for her breast is awkward considering his disproportionately large size. The fact that he is still young enough to wear a gown rather than breeches suggests that he is under four years old, and yet his head and lips are larger than his mother\u2019s. During the final decades of the eighteenth century, aristocratic women as prominent as the Duchess of Devonshire were electing to breastfeed their children rather than send them to wet nurses, and this may be a delicate reference to Catherine Clemens\u2019s philosophy of \u201cnatural\u201d parenting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016471"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.552-portrait-of-catherin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Think </em>(International Business Machines Corp.) (March 1950).", "page_number": "16 (repr.)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, no. 8; reproduced: pl. VI, no. 8, cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n53"}, {"citation": "Comstack, Helen. \"The Edward B. Greene Collection of Miniatures.\" <em>The Connoisseur </em>128, no. 532 (October 1951): 137-144.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lister, Raymond. \u201cEdward B. Greene Collection of Portrait Miniatures.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 55 (January 1952): 20.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20; reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Geneva (Switzerland). <em>Chefs-d'oeuvre de la miniature et de la gouache</em>. Gen\u00e8va: Le Mus\u00e9e, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Masterpieces of Miniatures and Gouache.\" <em>The Connoisseur </em>138 (October 1956): 82-83.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 82-83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong.<em> European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 282", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto.<em> Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p.35, 86, 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl.<em> British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 67, pp. 255-257", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 197", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.552", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "168863", "filename": "1941.552_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1572116", "filename": "1941.552_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_full.tif", "width": "11116", "height": "11116", "filesize": "370725880", "filename": "1941.552_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "143775"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1674337"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11116", "height": "11116", "filesize": "370724488"}, "date_created": "2025-08-15T16:30:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "100534"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1115074"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022184"}, "date_created": "2013-02-05T20:44:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "109401"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1191355"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021752"}, "date_created": "2013-02-05T20:35:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "893", "filesize": "391659"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2658", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4590766"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3523", "height": "4507", "filesize": "47664848"}, "date_created": "2008-10-07T18:03:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "399601"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2408", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4474473"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3942", "height": "5566", "filesize": "65856468"}, "date_created": "2008-01-02T19:31:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "382226"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2355", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4110085"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.552/1941.552_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3288", "height": "4746", "filesize": "46836660"}, "date_created": "2004-05-24T14:17:34", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120827, "creators": [{"id": 3700, "description": "Richard Cosway (British, 1742\u20131821)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Richard Cosway was Arguably the most fashionable miniature painter in London during the art form\u2019s golden age in <br>late-eighteenth-century Britain. Also an accomplished painter in oils, Cosway was equally well known for his flamboyant character and the stunning art collection that secured his reputation as an arbiter of taste and model of connoisseurship. His elegant portraits in miniature were coveted by sitters who sought glamour even if it was at the expense of truthfulness. Cosway and his wife, Maria (ne\u00e9 Hadfield), maintained an elite circle of friends who helped define what <br>was au courant for the age and who consisted primarily of cultural luminaries and young members of high society revolving around George Augustus Frederick, the prince of Wales himself. His steady patronage from 1780 until 1808 fixed Cosway\u2019s popularity within fashionable society. From 1785 Cosway\u2019s miniatures were signed on the back: \u201cPrimarius Pictor Serenissimi Walliae Principis\u201d (Principal Painter to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales), a pompous Latin designation that garnered the artist both fame and ridicule. Cosway was a successful artist-celebrity in his own time, and, in spite of being criticized periodically for being too superficially pretty, his miniatures have always been among the most desired by collectors. The Cleveland Museum of Art owns five miniatures by Cosway, painted between 1785 and 1805, that are representative of the artist\u2019s stylistic range during the height of his career.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1742", "death_year": "1821", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1795, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1800", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:13:45.644000"}, {"id": 148772, "accession_number": "1976.29", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure, possibly early 1400s. Africa, West Africa, Sierra Leone, Sapi-style carver. Soapstone; overall: 23.8 x 11.2 x 12.5 cm (9 3/8 x 4 7/16 x 4 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lucile Munro in memory of her husband Thomas Munro, Curator of Education from 1931 to 1967, 1976.29", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Figure", "creation_date": "possibly early 1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1425, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Sierra Leone, Sapi-style carver"], "technique": "soapstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 23.8 x 11.2 x 12.5 cm (9 3/8 x 4 7/16 x 4 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.238, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.112, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.125, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "<i>Year in Review, 1976</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 215135, "title": "African Art:  Permutations of Power", "description": "<i>African Art:  Permutations of Power</i>. Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art (organizer) (October 13, 1997-February 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-10-13T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Kansas City, MO:  Nelson Atkins Museum, The Imagination of Primitive Man, 1962 cat. no. 25", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC:  National Gallery, African Sculpture, cat. no. 3, repr.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "CMA 1977:  \"Year in Review 1976,\" Bulletin LXIV (February 1977), cat. no. 36, p. 74, repr. p. 72.", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "International Exhibition Foundation", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Gainesville, FL: Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art, 10/13/97 - 2/1/98 African Art: Permutations of Power (no catalogue)", "opening_date": "1997-10-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Heim, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Heim, Paris; Dr. and Mrs. Thomas Munro", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["184.62"], "did_you_know": "Sapi sculptors worked in stone\u2014like in this sculpture\u2014as well as ivory.", "description": "The most varied group of soapstone figures and heads has been found in the homelands of the Kissi. Calling them pomda (\"images of the dead\"), the Kissi placed them in ancestral shrines, offering them the last seeds at sowing times and the first fruits of the harvest. However, the sculptures are believed to have been made centuries ago by the ancestors of the Kissi, the so-called Sapi people.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779202"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.29-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fagg, William Buller, International Exhibitions Foundation, National Gallery of Art (U.S.), William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Brooklyn Museum. 1970. <em>African Sculpture; [Loan Exhibition] Circulated by the International Exhibitions Foundation, 1970</em>. Washington: International Exhibitions Foundation, p. 17, no. 3.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Munro, Thomas. Form and Style in the Arts: An Introduction to Aesthetic Morphology. Cleveland: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1970, fig. 63.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>1976 Year in Review</em>. Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland: OH, 1977, no. 2, cat. 36.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Drewal, Henry John. African Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989, fig. 2.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art. 1997. <em>African Art : Permutations of Power</em>. Gainesville, Fla: Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art, University of Florida, fig. 32.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Plass, Margaret. \u201cAbove the Salt.\u201d <em>Expedition Magazine</em> 5, no. 3 (May, 1963): 39-41.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/above-the-salt/"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 410", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n430"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 10, p. 50 - 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. <em>The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World</em>. Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20, cat. no. 25; reproduced: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter.<em> African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989</em>. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153, fig. 280", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.29", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_web.jpg", "width": "628", "height": "893", "filesize": "329479", "filename": "1976.29_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_print.jpg", "width": "2390", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4768181", "filename": "1976.29_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_full.tif", "width": "3720", "height": "5292", "filesize": "59091748", "filename": "1976.29_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "312749"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2351", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4550117"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3750", "height": "5424", "filesize": "61052988"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T12:17:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "893", "filesize": "326386"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2425", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4883445"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3911", "height": "5484", "filesize": "64377004"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T12:18:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "612", "height": "893", "filesize": "311556"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2332", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4548318"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3666", "height": "5346", "filesize": "58828208"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T12:19:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "612", "height": "893", "filesize": "333681"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2332", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4786665"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.29/1976.29_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3564", "height": "5196", "filesize": "55589068"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T12:20:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Lucile Munro in memory of her husband Thomas Munro, Curator of Education from 1931 to 1967", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148772, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly early 1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Seated Figure (nomoli)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:38:31.405000"}, {"id": 168758, "accession_number": "2010.459.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Male Figure of a Pair, late 1800s\u2013early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, probably Ngbandi-style carver. Wood, iron alloy, copper alloy, and cloth; overall: 45 x 15.5 x 9.2 cm (17 11/16 x 6 1/8 x 3 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.459.1", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Male Figure of a Pair", "creation_date": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": -1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, probably Ngbandi-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, iron alloy, copper alloy, and cloth", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 45 x 15.5 x 9.2 cm (17 11/16 x 6 1/8 x 3 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.45, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.155, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.092, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338062, "title": "Afrikanische Kunstwerke: Kulturen am Niger", "description": "<i>Afrikanische Kunstwerke: Kulturen am Niger</i>. Villa H\u00fcgel (March 25-June 13, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-03-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 202001, "title": "Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture", "description": "<i>Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 2013-February 9, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (October 31, 1970 - February 10, 1971)", "opening_date": "1970-10-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, BE (March 25-June 5, 1988)", "opening_date": "1988-03-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany (July 7-September 30, 1990)", "opening_date": "1990-07-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gemeentemuseum Den Haag, The Hague, Netherlands (November-January 1991)", "opening_date": "1991-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Centre Wallonie-Bruxelles, Paris, FR, June 2000", "opening_date": "2000-06-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jef and Ren\u00e9 Vanderstraete, Lasne, BE, sold to Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131959", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ren\u00e9 [1901-1998] and Odette Delenne [1925-2012], Brussels, BE, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959\u20132010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Few examples of Ngbandi sculpture exist, and even fewer retain their adornments.", "description": "One of a pair, this male figure is adorned with metal, bead, and shell ornaments at the ears, waist, and ankles. An ornament on his upper arm may identify him as a warrior. Each figure has a series of vertically aligned bumps on the forehead. These represent highly raised keloid scars that were culturally meaningful forms of body modification. Carving of paired figures is well documented among the Ngbandi and their neighbors, the Ngbaka-Minagende, where such sculptures are said to represent the mythical ancestor Seto and his sister-wife, Nabo. Field-based research cannot confirm the existence of figurative couples among the Ngbandi.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759149"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.459.1-male-figure-of-a-pai"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich, and Elsy Leuzinger. 1970. <em>Die Kunst Von Schwarz-Afrika : [Ausstellung: Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich] 31. Oktober 1970-17. Januar 1971</em>. Recklinghausen: Verlag Aurel Bongers, p. 331, cat. X27.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Recent Acquisitions (2005-11) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The Burlington Magazine 1312:154 (July 2012): 525-32. Fig. I, p. 525.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bastin, Marie-Louise, et al. <em>Utotombo. L'Art d'Afrique noire dans les collections priv\u00e9es belges: Socie\u0301te\u0301 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles, 25 mars-5 juin 1988</em>, 248, 309. Exh. Cat. Brussels: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, March 25-June 5, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 248", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grootaers, Jan-Lodewijk, ed. <em>Ubangi. Art et cultures au Coeur de l'Afrique</em>, 154-155. Exh. Cat. Brussels: Fonds Mercator, in association with Afrika Museum, October 13, 2007-March 31, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 154-155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne.\" In <em>Tribal Art</em> XV-4, no. 61 (Autumn 2011): pp. 118-124.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. \"Recent acquisitions (2005-11) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The</em> <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 154, no. 1312 (July 2012): pp. 525-532.", "page_number": "p. 525", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, et al. <em>Fragments of the Invisible</em>: <em>The Rene\u0301 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art. Milan: 5 Continents, 2013, 26, 89, 94-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 12, 26, 89-91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bangerter, Walter, and Elsy Leuzinger. <em>Afrikanische Kunstwerke: Kulturen am Niger</em>, 335. Exh. Cat. Recklinghausen: Verlag Aurel Bongers, in association with Villa H\u00fcgel, March 25-June 13, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 335", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heymer, Kay, and Siegfried Gohr. <em>Afrikanische Skulptur: Die Erfindung der Figur</em>, 200. Exh. Cat. Cologne: Museum Ludwig, July 7-September 30, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.459.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_web.jpg", "width": "629", "height": "893", "filesize": "261913", "filename": "2010.459.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_print.jpg", "width": "2393", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4805596", "filename": "2010.459.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_full.tif", "width": "3968", "height": "5636", "filesize": "67119772", "filename": "2010.459.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "244023"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4612072"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99886060"}, "date_created": "2011-05-11T16:10:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "262278"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2407", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4814399"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3938", "height": "5562", "filesize": "65744624"}, "date_created": "2011-05-09T17:35:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "253692"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2355", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4698804"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3968", "height": "5727", "filesize": "68205540"}, "date_created": "2011-05-09T17:13:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "625", "height": "893", "filesize": "261097"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2380", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4869639"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.459.1/2010.459.1_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3941", "height": "5630", "filesize": "66592816"}, "date_created": "2011-05-09T18:02:21", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168758, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-06-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2010.459", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Male Figure of a Pair"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:40:55.702000"}, {"id": 91231, "accession_number": "2020.105", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Villas at Trouville, 1884. Gustave Caillebotte (French, 1848\u20131894). Oil on canvas; unframed: 66 x 81.3 cm (26 x 32 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift, 2020.105", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Villas at Trouville", "creation_date": "1884", "creation_date_earliest": 1884, "creation_date_latest": 1884, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 66 x 81.3 cm (26 x 32 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.66, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.813, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "framed": {"height": 0.799, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.951, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.041, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed (posthumously by Martial Caillebotte according to Marie Berhaut) lower right: G. Caillebotte [Distal, 1995]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition retrospective de Gustave Caillebotte.</em> Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris, France (1894).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>XVieme Biennale international des antiquaries. </em>Montgomery Gallery, Paris, France (1992).", "opening_date": "1992-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The European Fine Art Fa</em>ir. Montgomery Gallery, Maasstricht, Netherlands (1994).", "opening_date": "1994-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gustave Caillebotte: Urban Impressionist.</em> Grand Palais, Paris, France (September 16, 1994\u2013January 9, 1995); Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 18\u2013May 28, 1995); Los Angeles Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (June 22\u2013September 10, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gustave Caillebotte: The Unknown Impressionist</em>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom (March 28\u2013June 23, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Santa Barbara Collects: Impressions of France.</em> Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (1998).", "opening_date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Paul Hugot, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->This painting was included in the \u201cExposition retrospective d\u2019oeuvres de Gustave Caillebotte,\u201d Galerie Durand-Ruel, Paris, 1894, cat. no. 36, as \u201cBord de mer \u00e0 Villers (1881)\u201d. Alternatively, Marie Berhaut, <em>La Vie et l'Oeuvre de Gustave Caillebotte</em> (Paris, 1951), p. 34, identifies the painting as cat. no. 5, \u201cTrouville (1882)\u201d. Both were in the collection of Paul Hugot.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "by 1894", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "J. Combes, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Alexandre Tarnopol [1889\u20131983], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "about 1957\u2013by 1972", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "passed to his brother, Gr\u00e9goire Tarnopol [1891\u20131979], New York, NY by 1972", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Marie Berhaut, <em>Caillebotte, sa Vie et son Oeuvre: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9 des Peintures et Pastels</em> (Paris, France: La Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1978), p. 189, cat. no. 272, ill.</div>"], "date": "by 1972", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Suzanne Delarbre, New York, NY (sold: Christie's, New York, NY November, 15, 1989, lot 364)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131989", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Montgomery Gallery, San Francisco, CA, sold to Private Collection)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to the 2008 Sotheby\u2019s, New York sale catalogue, lot 58.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "by 1990\u20131995", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Paul and Leslie Ridley-Tree, Santa Barabara, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Anne Distel, <em>Gustave Caillebotte: The Unknown Impressionist</em> (London: Royal Academy of Arts, in association with Ludion Press, Ghent, 1996), pp. 168-169, cat. no. 40, ill.</div>"], "date": "by 1996", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, New York, NY, November 4, 2008, lot 58, sold to Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2008", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2008\u20132020", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In addition to his career as an artist, Caillebotte was an award-winning sailor and designed his own racing sailboats.", "description": "Gustave Caillebotte painted this dramatic view of the blue-green sea, illuminated by a cloud-dappled sky, from one of the cliffs of Trouville, a popular resort town on the Normandy coast in northern France. The brick villas in the foreground, just outside the center of the town, offered homeowners a private shoreline retreat. During the early 1880s, Caillebotte spent several summers on the Normandy coast where he painted, participated in sailing regattas, and visited friends.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66289013"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2020.105-villas-at-trouville"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Brown, Heather Lemonedes. \u201cImpressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>62, no. 2 (2022): 20-21.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 21; Mentioned: P. 20.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galerie Durand-Ruel.<em> Exposition re\u0301trospective d'\u0153uvres de G. Caillebotte.</em> Paris: Galerie Durand-Ruel, 1894.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 4, no. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berhaut, Marie, and Gustave Caillebotte. <em>Caillebotte: sa vie et son oeuvre : catalogue raisonne\u0301 des peintures et pastels</em>. Paris, France: La Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173, no. 271", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berhaut, Marie, and Sophie Pietri. <em>Gustave Caillebotte: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 des Peintures et Pastels. </em>Paris: Wildenstein Institute, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 189, no. 309", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>The European Fine Art Fair, Maastricht: [Handbook]. </em>1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 106, no. 161", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Distel, Anne. <em>Gustave Caillebotte, Urban Impressionist</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 254-255, 257, 264-265, no. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Distel, Anne. <em>Gustave Caillebotte: The Unknown Impressionist</em>. London, United Kingdom: Royal Academy of Arts, in association with Ludion Press, Ghent, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 168-168, no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zafran, Eric M. <em>Santa Barbara Collects: Impressions of France</em>. Santa Barbara, CA: Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 36, no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morton, Mary. \"Gustave Caillebotte.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 64-67. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 66-67; Mentioned: p. 258-259", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Masterpieces from the Collection of Sam Josefowitz: A Lifetime of Discovery and Scholarship.</em> London: Christie's, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 120", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.105", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.105/2020.105_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "729", "filesize": "372407", "filename": "2020.105_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.105/2020.105_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2753", "filesize": "4486300", "filename": "2020.105_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.105/2020.105_full.tif", "width": "12467", "height": "10094", "filesize": "377553888", "filename": "2020.105_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 91231, "creators": [{"id": 26343, "description": "Gustave Caillebotte (French, 1848\u20131894)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1848", "death_year": "1894", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1884, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1884", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.481000"}, {"id": 150161, "accession_number": "1980.74.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Coffee Pot, c. 1907. Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940), Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937). Gilt silver and ivory; overall: 18.5 x 15.4 x 9.9 cm (7 5/16 x 6 1/16 x 3 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection, 1980.74.5", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Coffee Pot", "creation_date": "c. 1907", "creation_date_earliest": 1902, "creation_date_latest": 1912, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "Gilt silver and ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 18.5 x 15.4 x 9.9 cm (7 5/16 x 6 1/16 x 3 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.185, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.154, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.099, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Made by A. A. Hebrard Firm, Paris", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 191440, "title": "Bugatti", "description": "<i>Bugatti</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 18-September 19, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-07-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220633, "title": "Carlo Bugatti", "description": "<i>Carlo Bugatti</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (organizer) (April 9-July 15, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-04-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Galerie Hebrard, Paris, France (1907).", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna, Turin, Italy (May 10-November 10, 1902).", "opening_date": "1902-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Carlo Bugatti [1856-1940], sold to Mrs. Anna Blake", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1907", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Anna Blake, Cape Town, South Africa. [d. 1956], by descent to her son Robert da Costa Blake", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1907-c. 1956", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Robert da Costa Blake, Cape Town, South Africa, sold (Kirkcaldzs, Cape Town, South Africa, 24 May 1965, lot 34)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1956-1965", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection, South Africa, sold (Martin-Forest, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Martin-Forest, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1980.78"], "did_you_know": "This coffee pot is part of a larger tea and coffee service designed by Carlo Bugatti.", "description": "This tea and coffee service, salver, and table, together with some now missing cups, were all designed by Carlo Bugatti as an ensemble and presented at the 1902 exposition devoted to decorative arts in Turin, Italy. The set was probably acquired from Bugatti's 1907 exhibition at the Galerie H\u00e9brard in Paris by a wealthy South African widow, Anna Blake, who was living there at the time. Some of the animal and insect motifs suggest mythical beasts or the fossils of prehistoric animals. When Mrs. Blake returned to Cape Town, she took these and other pieces designed by Bugatti with her, and they remained in South Africa throughout her lifetime.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754642"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.74.5-coffee-pot"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 24-5", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=9111934"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 24-5", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=9111934"}, {"citation": "Duncan, J. Alastair. \"The Silver of Carlo Bugatti,\" <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>136, no. 6, (December 1989): 1344-55.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=item-global&doc_library=CMA01&doc_number=000001278&year=&volume=&sub_library=CMA"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Some Furniture and Silver of Carlo Bugatti.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 5 (May 1992): 130-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned PP 136-41", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25161359"}, {"citation": "Duncan, Alastair. <em>The Paris Salons, 1895-1914</em>. Vol. 5 of <em>Objets d'Art and Metalware</em>. Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced P 157", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=31823650"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Bugatti</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced P 26, cat. no. 41, fig. 37", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=41002835"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 55-6", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=50820863"}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay. <em>Carlo Bugatti. </em>Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced P 39, cat. no. 137", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=full-set-set&set_number=000221&set_entry=000002&format=999"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned PP 35, 40, 324-5, reproduced PP 36 & 57, cat. no 10", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=230187932"}, {"citation": "Fromanger, Ve\u0301ronique. <em>Rembrandt Bugatti Sculpteur: Re\u0301pertoire Monographique</em>. Paris: L'Amateur, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 8, fig. 69", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=537862059"}, {"citation": "Pin\u0303a, Leslie A. <em>Furniture in History, 3000 B.C.-2000 A.D.</em> Boston: Prentice Hall, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 30", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=268788668"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 294-5", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=813973055"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 144", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fromanger, Ve\u0301ronique and Carla Briner. <em>Rembrandt Bugatti, Sculptor: Re\u0301pertoire Monographique: A Meteoric Rise</em>. Paris: Les \u00c9ditions de l\u2019Amateur, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 20", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=949868383"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.74.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "900", "filesize": "175838", "filename": "1980.74.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_print.jpg", "width": "2698", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1048666", "filename": "1980.74.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_full.tif", "width": "2957", "height": "3727", "filesize": "33096996", "filename": "1980.74.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "900", "filesize": "186159"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2739", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1145897"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2913", "height": "3616", "filesize": "31635448"}, "date_created": "2019-04-09T12:36:04.076000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "772", "height": "900", "filesize": "181658"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2918", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1124362"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3266", "height": "3806", "filesize": "37326156"}, "date_created": "2019-04-09T12:41:38.078000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "778", "filesize": "171686"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3260", "height": "2818", "filesize": "1000880"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3260", "height": "2818", "filesize": "27594664"}, "date_created": "2019-04-09T13:06:58.003000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "633", "height": "900", "filesize": "161906"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2393", "height": "3400", "filesize": "904335"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2603", "height": "3699", "filesize": "28919752"}, "date_created": "2019-04-09T11:45:01.014000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "900", "filesize": "199301"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2486", "height": "3129", "filesize": "1118926"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.5/1980.74.5_alt4_full.tif", "width": "2486", "height": "3129", "filesize": "23371132"}, "date_created": "2019-04-09T11:48:41.021000", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "61abd87afdf245b19177f58fb9bcf045", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/61abd87afdf245b19177f58fb9bcf045", "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 150161, "creators": [{"id": 15830, "description": "Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": "active in France after c. 1902.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1856", "death_year": "1940", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 15899, "description": "Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1866", "death_year": "1937", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-09-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1902, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1907", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1980.74", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:59.219000"}, {"id": 120411, "accession_number": "1941.25", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Shiva, early 1100s. Cambodia, Angkor, Baphuon, early 12th century. Gray sandstone; overall: 76.8 cm (30 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1941.25", "current_location": "244 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Shiva", "creation_date": "early 1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1125, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Cambodia, Angkor, Baphuon, early 12th century"], "technique": "gray sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Cambodian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 76.8 cm (30 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.768, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Paul Mallon [1884\u20131975], Paris, France, and New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131941", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Three beauty lines are lightly incised around the neck.", "description": "The parallel matted locks of hair and the incised third eye on the forehead identify this figure as the Hindu god Shiva. A close-cropped beard comes to a point at his chin. The slim elegant form and short lower garment fastened with a low-slung belt are features characteristic of this period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760500"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 788", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n140"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 242", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n266"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 242", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n266"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 318", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n338"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.25", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.25/1941.25_web.jpg", "width": "633", "height": "893", "filesize": "45898", "filename": "1941.25_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.25/1941.25_print.jpg", "width": "2410", "height": "3400", "filesize": "617609", "filename": "1941.25_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.25/1941.25_full.tif", "width": "5149", "height": "7264", "filesize": "112229868", "filename": "1941.25_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.25/1941.25_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "586", "height": "893", "filesize": "44679"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.25/1941.25_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2231", "height": "3400", "filesize": "613310"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.25/1941.25_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4672", "height": "7117", "filesize": "99774756"}, "date_created": "2012-10-01T13:19:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.25/1941.25_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "448", "height": "893", "filesize": "34064"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.25/1941.25_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1705", "height": "3400", "filesize": "436230"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.25/1941.25_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3750", "height": "7474", "filesize": "84105384"}, "date_created": "2012-10-01T13:25:38", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. & Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 120411, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-04-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1100s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["\u015aiva"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:13:14.700000"}, {"id": 155822, "accession_number": "1991.134.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nathaniel Olds, 1837. Jeptha Homer Wade (American, 1811\u20131890). Oil on canvas; framed: 87 x 71.8 x 5.7 cm (34 1/4 x 28 1/4 x 2 1/4 in.); unframed: 76.5 x 61.2 cm (30 1/8 x 24 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Jeptha H. Wade III, 1991.134.2", "current_location": "205 Federal American", "title": "Nathaniel Olds", "creation_date": "1837", "creation_date_earliest": 1837, "creation_date_latest": 1837, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, Ohio, Cleveland"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Cleveland School", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 87 x 71.8 x 5.7 cm (34 1/4 x 28 1/4 x 2 1/4 in.); Unframed: 76.5 x 61.2 cm (30 1/8 x 24 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.87, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.718, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.057, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.765, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.612, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on back:  J.H. WADE / 6-37-15 / Farmer Valley", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Nathaniel Olds (1788\u2013c. 1840s), Farmer (later Interlaken), NY.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sally Avery Olds Roberts (1792\u20131874), Madison, WI, the sitter's widow, by inheritance.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sarah Jane Olds Tarr (1832\u20131912), Madison, WI, the sitter's daughter, by inheritance.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Maud Ingman Tarr (1872\u20131963), Madison, WI, the sitter's granddaughter, by inheritance.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "State Historical Society of Wisconsin (now the Wisconsin Historical Society), Madison, WI, by bequest.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Jeptha H. Wade III (1924\u20132008), Bedford, MA, by purchase in 1968.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, by gift in 1991.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 155821, "description": "Sally Avery Olds, 1837. Jeptha Homer Wade (American, 1811\u20131890). Oil on canvas; unframed: 73.3 x 61 cm (28 7/8 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Jeptha H. Wade III, 1991.134.1", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["1991.135"], "did_you_know": "This painting has a distinguished history inspiring Halloween costumes in the Cleveland area.", "description": "Nathaniel Olds\u2019s glasses have four tinted lenses, two of which are hinged side shields. This style was typically worn to protect sensitive eyes from excessive light, dust, or wind. Due to their occasional use during open-air travel, they were sometimes referred to as carriage or railroad spectacles. The painter of this portrait founded the Western Union Telegraph Company in 1854 and soon became one of Cleveland\u2019s wealthiest industrialists. His grandson, Jeptha Wade II, was a founder of the Cleveland Museum of Art and donated the land upon which it stands as a Christmas gift to the city in 1892.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476638"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.134.2-nathaniel-olds"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Smee, Sebastian, \"This Obscure Portrait Has a Cult Following for its High-Fashion Flair,\" <em>Washington Post,</em> August 8, 2024.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1992.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 2 (1993): 38-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59; Mentioned: p. 66", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "Wade, Jeptha H., Holly Rarick Witchey, and Ellery Sedgwick. The Autobiography of Jeptha Homer Wade, a Modest American: A Transcription and Accompanying Essays. 2018, 8.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 8-9.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bifano, Wayne Thomas, and Timothy Lachina. <em>The Wade Chapel: A Story of Art, Spirit, and Family. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Lake View Cemetery Association, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 22", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.134.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.134.2/1991.134.2_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "359255", "filename": "1991.134.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.134.2/1991.134.2_print.jpg", "width": "2705", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4886686", "filename": "1991.134.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.134.2/1991.134.2_full.tif", "width": "3711", "height": "4664", "filesize": "51947052", "filename": "1991.134.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Jeptha H. Wade III", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 155822, "creators": [{"id": 2841, "description": "Jeptha Homer Wade (American, 1811\u20131890)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1811", "death_year": "1890", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-09-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1837, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1837", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1991.134", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Man"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:05:47.642000"}, {"id": 172523, "accession_number": "2015.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Finial with Bird (Harpy Eagle with Royal Flycatcher Crest?), 400\u20131000. Isthmian Region (Colombia), Sin\u00fa (Zen\u00fa), 5th century-11th century. Gold, cast; overall: 11.4 x 7.2 x 6 cm (4 1/2 x 2 13/16 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2015.3", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Finial with Bird (Harpy Eagle with Royal Flycatcher Crest?)", "creation_date": "400\u20131000", "creation_date_earliest": 400, "creation_date_latest": 1000, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Isthmian Region (Colombia), Sin\u00fa (Zen\u00fa), 5th century-11th century"], "technique": "gold, cast", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 11.4 x 7.2 x 6 cm (4 1/2 x 2 13/16 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.114, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.072, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2015-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A museum visitor corrected our identification of this bird!", "description": "This gold finial fit over the end of a staff, an emblem of rank. The bird has the hooked beak of a raptor\u2014perhaps the harpy eagle, the \u201cking\u201d of tropical forests. The enormous crest, however, may be inspired by the Royal Flycatcher, a smaller bird that fans its unique, brilliantly colored crest during mating.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759444"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2015.3-finial-with-bird-har"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Seligman, Thomas K., and Kathleen Berrin. <em>The Bay Area Collects: Art from Africa, Oceania, and the Americas</em>. [San Francisco]: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1982.", "page_number": "fig. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 82-83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan. \"Acquisitions 2015: Pre-Columbian and Native North American Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 2 (March/April 2016): 32-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3, 32; Mentioned: p. 32", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-02"}, {"citation": "Falchetti de S\u00e1enz, Ana Mar\u00eda. <em>Lo humano y lo divino: metalurgia y cosmogon\u00eda en la Am\u00e9rica antigua</em>. 2018.", "page_number": "p. 81", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2015.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "900", "filesize": "130767", "filename": "2015.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_print.jpg", "width": "2710", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1391381", "filename": "2015.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_full.tif", "width": "5464", "height": "6855", "filesize": "112395544", "filename": "2015.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "701", "height": "900", "filesize": "119306"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2648", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1244554"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5570", "height": "7153", "filesize": "119554668"}, "date_created": "2015-04-29T08:38:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "900", "filesize": "112898"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2697", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1206233"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5741", "height": "7238", "filesize": "124687852"}, "date_created": "2015-04-29T09:06:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "692", "height": "900", "filesize": "118247"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2613", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1256583"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5528", "height": "7193", "filesize": "119316788"}, "date_created": "2015-04-28T14:58:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "900", "filesize": "126849"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2637", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1336895"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.3/2015.3_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5346", "height": "6893", "filesize": "110578264"}, "date_created": "2015-04-28T15:25:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 172523, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2015-04-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u20131000", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:16.087000"}, {"id": 159488, "accession_number": "1996.26", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Trinity, c. 1620. Hendrik van Balen (Flemish, 1575\u20131632). Oil on wood; framed: 134 x 107 x 7 cm (52 3/4 x 42 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 114.6 x 73.9 cm (45 1/8 x 29 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1996.26", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "The Trinity", "creation_date": "c. 1620", "creation_date_earliest": 1615, "creation_date_latest": 1625, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Flemish", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 134 x 107 x 7 cm (52 3/4 x 42 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 114.6 x 73.9 cm (45 1/8 x 29 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.34, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.07, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.146, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.739, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  H.V. Balen", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Konrad O. Bernheimer, Munich, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Alex Wengraf, London, sold to Konrad O. Bernheimer)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1993-1996", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection, Spain, consigned to Alex Wengraf", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "After 1984-1993", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Alex Wengraf, London, sold to a Spanish collector)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1984-", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Sale, Sotheby\u2019s, London, April 16, 1980, no. 184, withdrawn)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The reason the painting was withdrawn from the auction is unknown</div>"], "date": "1980", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Sale, Sotheby's, London, July 11, 1979, no. 37, bought in)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1979", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The crown worn by God in this painting resembles a papal tiara, last used by a Catholic pope in 1964.", "description": "This vividly colored altarpiece was made in Antwerp, the center of religious learning in Catholic Flanders. In the mid-1500s when the Catholic Church mounted a defense against the spread of Protestant reforms, known as the Counter-Reformation, it encouraged the production of religious images that promoted Catholic doctrine, offering opportunities for artists like Rubens, Van Dyck, and Van Balen. Van Balen\u2019s painting depicts the traditional theme of the Trinity, with God the Father holding the dead Christ and the dove of the Holy Spirit hovering above. Unusually, God wears the purple papal tiara, intended to emphasize the pope\u2019s role as God\u2019s true representative on earth. Encircling the figures of the Trinity are angels holding the instruments of Christ\u2019s Passion. On the clasp of God\u2019s elaborate cape is a small figure of Saint Barbara, perhaps a clue to the original location of the work in a chapel dedicated to her.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477268"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1996.26-the-trinity"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Konrad O. Bernheimer, Ltd., painting information sheet, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Werche, Bettina. <em>Hendrick van Balen: 1575-1632 : ein Antwerpener Kabinettbildmaler der Rubenszeit</em>. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alex Wengraf, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 11, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alex Wengraf, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 11, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alex Wengraf, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 9, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Konrad O. Bernheimer, Ltd., painting information sheet, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alex Wengraf, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 9, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alex Wengraf, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 11, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Konrad O. Bernheimer, Ltd., painting information sheet, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Werche, Bettina. <em>Hendrick van Balen: 1575-1632 : ein Antwerpener Kabinettbildmaler der Rubenszeit</em>. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alex Wengraf, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 11, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alex Wengraf, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 9, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Werche, Bettina. <em>Hendrick van Balen: 1575-1632 : ein Antwerpener Kabinettbildmaler der Rubenszeit</em>. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alex Wengraf, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 11, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Werche, Bettina. <em>Hendrick van Balen: 1575-1632 : ein Antwerpener Kabinettbildmaler der Rubenszeit</em>. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby Parke Bernet &amp; Co. <em>Important Old Master Paintings</em>. 1980.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Alex Wengraf, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 11, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Important Old Master Paintings</em>. 1979.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Museum of Art Acquires Rare Egyptian Sculpture, Old Master Painting, Important Cambodian Bronze,\u201d June 13, 1996, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4046"}, {"citation": "De Grazia, Diane, \"A Message of Hope\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 37 no. 05, May 1997", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1997-05/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Marr, Alexander. Rubens's Spirit: From Ingenuity to Genius. <br>London, UK : Reaktion Books, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 51-52", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1996.26", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.26/1996.26_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "366558", "filename": "1996.26_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.26/1996.26_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4349901", "filename": "1996.26_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.26/1996.26_full.tif", "width": "6324", "height": "7905", "filesize": "150008276", "filename": "1996.26_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.26/1996.26_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "80816"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.26/1996.26_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2695", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1384169"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.26/1996.26_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4891", "height": "6170", "filesize": "90559884"}, "date_created": "2012-02-28T16:32:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.26/1996.26_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "893", "filesize": "99733"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.26/1996.26_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2647", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1178151"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.26/1996.26_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4796", "height": "6160", "filesize": "88660116"}, "date_created": "2012-02-28T16:01:26", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 159488, "creators": [{"id": 2908, "description": "Hendrik van Balen (Flemish, 1575\u20131632)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1575", "death_year": "1632", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1615, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1620", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:16:10.842000"}, {"id": 143140, "accession_number": "1967.125", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study, North Conway, New Hampshire, 1851. David Johnson (American, 1827\u20131908). Oil on canvas; framed: 63.8 x 74.3 x 7 cm (25 1/8 x 29 1/4 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 43.2 x 53.3 cm (17 x 21 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1967.125", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "Study, North Conway, New Hampshire", "creation_date": "1851", "creation_date_earliest": 1851, "creation_date_latest": 1851, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 63.8 x 74.3 x 7 cm (25 1/8 x 29 1/4 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 43.2 x 53.3 cm (17 x 21 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.638, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.743, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.432, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.533, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"D. Johnson. / 1851\"; inscribed lower left: \"D.J. 1851. (false); signed on the back: \"Study. North Conway. N.H. / David Johnson 1851]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 226340, "title": "Mount Washington: The Crown of New England", "description": "<i>Mount Washington: The Crown of New England</i>. Currier Museum of Art, Manchester, NH (organizer) (October 1, 2016-January 16, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Year In Review for 1967 (29 November - 31 December 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mansfield, OH, Mansfield Art Center, The American Landscape (8 March - 5 April 1981), p. 7, cat no. 13.", "opening_date": "1981-03-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Visions of Landscape: East and West (17 February - 21 March 1982)", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, NY, Metropolitan Museum of Art, American Paradise: The World of the Hudson River School (4 October 1987 - 3 January 1988), cat. p. 270-72.", "opening_date": "1987-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Ithaca, NY, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Nature Transcribed: The Landscapes and Still Lifes of David Johnson (1827-1908) (5 November - 23 December 1988), did not travel to University of Maryland, College Park; Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia, Athens; or National Academy of Design, New York; cat. no. 4, p. 18-19, ill. p. 18.", "opening_date": "1988-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Currier Museum of Art, Manchester, NH (10/1/2016 \u2013 1/16/2017):  \"Mount Washington: The Crown of New England\"", "opening_date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(R. Schoelkopf Gallery, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "North Conway, New Hampshire, markets itself as the birthplace of American skiing.", "description": "Johnson\u2019s devotion to carefully observing nature is evident in his detailed rendering of a riverbed. Located in a village that provided a popular jumping-off point for tourists visiting the White Mountains, this untamed site features a haphazard arrangement of angled boulders, slippery moss, splintered tree branches, and dense undergrowth. Contemporary travel guidebooks often cautioned against the physical challenges\u2014and the potential for injury\u2014encountered by venturing into such inner recesses of the woods; one warned that \u201cwild forest-clambering\u201d could be akin to \u201cfighting a phalanx of porcupines.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20746849"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.125-study-north-conway-n"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cYear in Review.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 10 (December 1967): 302\u2013346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 323; Mentioned: p. 343, no. 56", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183"}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cVisions of Landscape: East and West.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 3 (March 1983): 112\u2013135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 120-121, fig. 13", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159808"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 10, p. 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spahr, P. Andrew, <em>Mount Washington: The Crown of New England.</em> Manchester, New Hampshire: Currier Museum of Art, 2016. p. 61", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61, fig. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quinn, Karen E. \"Mount Washington: The Crown of New England\". <em>American Art Review</em>. 28, no. 5 (Sept./Oct. 2016): 64-73, 111.", "page_number": "Reproduce: p. 72", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.125", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "723", "filesize": "418226", "filename": "1967.125_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2731", "filesize": "3402068", "filename": "1967.125_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_full.tif", "width": "4707", "height": "3781", "filesize": "53420072", "filename": "1967.125_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "789", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2980", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3783", "height": "3316", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T09:54:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "772", "filesize": "376554"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3153", "height": "2704", "filesize": "3126675"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3153", "height": "2704", "filesize": "25607348"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "614", "filesize": "325699"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2318", "filesize": "2778290"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.125/1967.125_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3635", "height": "2478", "filesize": "27052584"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 143140, "creators": [{"id": 2732, "description": "David Johnson (American, 1827\u20131908)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1827", "death_year": "1908", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1851, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1851", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:21:09.560000"}, {"id": 149408, "accession_number": "1978.61", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Nocturne, 1935. Joan Mir\u00f3 (Spanish, 1893\u20131983). Oil on copper; framed: 62.2 x 48.8 x 5.1 cm (24 1/2 x 19 3/16 x 2 in.); unframed: 42 x 29.2 cm (16 9/16 x 11 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1978.61. \u00a9 2006 Successi\u00f3 Mir\u00f3/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "Nocturne", "creation_date": "1935", "creation_date_earliest": 1935, "creation_date_latest": 1935, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain (Catalonia), 20th century"], "technique": "oil on copper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 62.2 x 48.8 x 5.1 cm (24 1/2 x 19 3/16 x 2 in.); Unframed: 42 x 29.2 cm (16 9/16 x 11 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.622, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.488, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.051, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.42, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.292, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 2006 Successi\u00f3 Mir\u00f3/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed on back: \"Joan Mir\u00f3 / \"Nocturne\" / 9/11-16/11/35\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1978</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361486, "title": "Joan Mir\u00f3", "description": "<i>Joan Mir\u00f3</i>. Museum of Modern Art, NY (organizer) (October 17, 1993-January 11, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 206339, "title": "Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)", "description": "<i>Barcelona & Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed, Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed (1868-1939)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15, 2006-January 7, 2007); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (co-organizer) (March 4-June 3, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229586, "title": "Joan Mir\u00f3: The Ladder of Escape", "description": "<i>Joan Mir\u00f3: The Ladder of Escape</i>. Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (April 14-September 11, 2011); Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Mir\u00f3, Barcelona, Spain (October 15, 2011-March 18, 2012); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (May 6-August 12, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "\"Barcelona &amp; Modernity: Picasso, Gaud\u00ed. Mir\u00f3, Dal\u00ed,\" Cleveland Museum of Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 10/15/2006 - 6/3/2007, cat. no. 7:53, p. 374, repr. fig. 3, 374.", "opening_date": "2006-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Joan Mir\u00f3: Painting and Anti-Painting, 1927-1937,\" New York: Museum of Modern Art, 11/2/2008 - 1/12/2009.", "opening_date": "2008-11-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Tate Modern, London (4/14/2011 - 9/11/2011), Fundaci\u00f3 Joan Mir\u00f3, Barcelona (10/13/2011 - 3/25/2012), National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (5/6/2012 - 8/12/2012): \"Joan Mir\u00f3: The Ladder of Escape\", ex. cat. no. 49, p. 81.", "opening_date": "2011-04-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Roland Penrose, London (1956); (E.V. Thaw)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Spanish artist Mir\u00f3 was part of the Surrealist movement. He created paintings with the ambiguity of dreams whose meaning is just beyond the viewer's grasp.", "description": "On the eve of the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) Mir\u00f3 painted a series of images showing monstrous figures screaming or running through bizarre landscapes. This painting, an early work in the series, depicts a woman with raised arms fleeing toward the man at the far right. The cylindrical shape looming on the horizon suggests the barrel of a cannon; the sinuous, curving form may represent rising smoke. Mir\u00f3 heightened the intensity of the stark, garish colors through the unusual technique of applying oil over copper, rather than canvas.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60473540"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24; Mentioned: p. 45, no. 121", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cA Painting by Joan Mir\u00f3.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 6 (September 1979): 235\u2013240.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced': p. 237, fig. 4 and Cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159634"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 128, no. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Jordi Falga\u0300s, Carmen Belen Lord, and Josefina Alix Trueba. <em>Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi\u0301, Miro\u0301, Dali\u0301.</em> [Cleveland, OH]: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 374, fig. 5, no. 7:53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>The Spirit of Surrealism</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77-78, 174; Reproduced: p. 77, no.29", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.61", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149408, "creators": [{"id": 2157, "description": "Joan Mir\u00f3 (Spanish, 1893\u20131983)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1893", "death_year": "1983", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-11-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1935, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1935", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:58.474000"}, {"id": 123778, "accession_number": "1944.290", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu), 1800s, before 1871; pin added later. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/ Kingdom, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild. Gold; overall: 7 x 7.6 x 1.6 cm (2 3/4 x 3 x 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert Ford Memorial Fund, 1944.290", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu)", "creation_date": "1800s, before 1871; pin added later", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1870, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/ Kingdom, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 7 x 7.6 x 1.6 cm (2 3/4 x 3 x 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.07, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.076, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.016, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "<i>The Imagination of Primitive Man</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444266, "title": "The Arts of Ghana", "description": "<i>The Arts of Ghana</i>. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (October 11-December 11, 1977); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (February 11-March 26, 1978); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (May 3-July 2, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-10-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "College of Science Dublin - c. 1870s or 1880s", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Portland Art Museum (11/21/1952 - 12/28/1952): \"Exhibition of Jewelry\"", "opening_date": "1952-11-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City (1/18/1962 - 2/25/1962): \"The Imagination of Primitive Man\"", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "UCLA Museum of Cultural History, Los Angeles (September 1977 - 8/1/1978): \"The Arts of Ghana\", traveling exhibition", "opening_date": "1978-08-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006): \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Harry T. Reilly reportedly by gift from three Asante chiefs", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Letter from Jennie Devin Reilly, March 23, 1886 (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "before 1871", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jennie Devin Reilly, Washington, D.C.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Letter from Jennie Devin Reilly, March 23, 1886 (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "about 1871\u20131886", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Thomas F. Meehan, by descent to his son-in-law Alfred B. Cadley", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Letter from Alfred B. Cadley, May 5, 1944; Letter from Jeannie Devin Reilly, March 23, 1886 (CMA Curatorial File). For ID of \"father in law\" of Cadley, as described in Reilly letter, see p. 119 \u201cNotes and Comments.\u201d <em>The Catholic Historical Review</em> 29, no. 1 (1943): 118\u201332. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25014264.</div>"], "date": "1886\u2013", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Alfred B. Cadley Company, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Letter from Alfred B. Cadley, May 5, 1944 (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "?\u20131944", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block--><em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, December 1944</div>"], "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "An 1886 letter indicates that the English doctor Harry T. Reilly received this disk as a gift from three Asante chiefs for providing them with medical care while they were imprisoned in Cape Coast Castle in the aftermath of the Second Anglo-Ashanti war (1863-64).", "description": "Gold discs dangling on the chests of Akan state officials and elites showed their rank and duties. Worn by these <em>akrafo </em>(\u201csoul people\u201d) since the 1800s, they are often linked to <em>kradware, </em>officials who represent and purify (\u201cwash\u201d) the king\u2019s soul. To make them, goldsmiths cast or flattened gold. Muslim North African gold coins likely inspired their form and material, while concentric water rings influenced their composition. This small disc is a typical pre-colonial example. Gold ornament making ceased until 1924; court officials now wear large discs.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79901173"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.290-disk-pendant-akrafok"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \u201cA Gold Ornament from Ashanti.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 31, no. 10 (December 1944): p. 180-181.", "page_number": "Image p. 178.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141167"}, {"citation": "Coe, Ralph T. The Imagination of Primitive Man. Catalogue of the exhibition. Kansas City, KS: The Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, 1962: no. 34.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, December 1944:180-181, image p. 178", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 32, no. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Herbert M., and Doran H. Ross. <em>The Arts of Ghana</em>. Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, University of California, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153; reproduced: p. 156, fig. 325", "url": null}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. <em>The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World.</em> Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25, cat. no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cMuseum News.\u201d <em>Tribal Art 30</em>, i. 2 (Spring 2026): 28-41.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.290", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "824", "filesize": "175076", "filename": "1944.290_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3114", "filesize": "2067142", "filename": "1944.290_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_full.tif", "width": "10157", "height": "9303", "filesize": "283499572", "filename": "1944.290_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "807", "filesize": "161320"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3049", "filesize": "1968497"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10373", "height": "9303", "filesize": "289528076"}, "date_created": "2025-10-02T22:42:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "612", "filesize": "217503"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2313", "filesize": "1490473"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.290/1944.290_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4966", "height": "3379", "filesize": "50364292"}, "date_created": "2009-06-12T15:14:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "James Albert Ford Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123778, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-07-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s, before 1871; pin added later", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Soul Disk Pendant (krakonmu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:22:39.188000"}, {"id": 107008, "accession_number": "1925.1005", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Presentation in the Temple, c. 1770. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, and black chalk, heightened with white paint; framing lines in pen and brown ink; sheet: 32.3 x 20 cm (12 11/16 x 7 7/8 in.); framed: 66 x 50.9 x 6.4 cm (26 x 20 1/16 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1925.1005", "current_location": null, "title": "The Presentation in the Temple", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, and black chalk, heightened with white paint; framing lines in pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.3 x 20 cm (12 11/16 x 7 7/8 in.); Framed: 66 x 50.9 x 6.4 cm (26 x 20 1/16 x 2 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.323, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.2, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "framed": {"height": 0.66, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.509, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso, center, in graphite: G; lower left, in graphite: Lest R./-oc-.\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 350090, "title": "Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830", "description": "<i>Drawings in the Classic and Romantic Tradition before 1830</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 1932-January 8, 1933).", "opening_date": "1932-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360891, "title": "Eighteenth Century Masterpieces", "description": "<i>Eighteenth Century Masterpieces</i>. Society of the Four Arts (organizer) (December 12, 1952-January 4, 1953).", "opening_date": "1952-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360892, "title": "French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse", "description": "<i>French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse</i>. Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (July 31-September 28, 1958); Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (October 24, 1958-January 2, 1959); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 3-March 15, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "<i>Aspects of Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360893, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings", "description": "<i>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (December 23, 1973-March 15, 1974); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (April 1-May 20, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-12-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>18th Century Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "<i>French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309855, "title": "I and Thou", "description": "<i>I and Thou</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 21-May 27, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218303, "title": "The Drawings of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher", "description": "<i>The Drawings of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (October 24-December 14, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-10-24T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The French Eighteenth Century: Drawings Coming From the J. P. Heseltine Collection</em>. E. Gimpel &amp; Wildenstein, New York (March 21 - April 16, 1914).", "opening_date": "1914-03-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably Barth\u00e9lemy-Augustin Blondel d'Azincourt [1719-1783], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1770", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Paris, Cabinet curieux...de M. d'Azincourt, April 18, 1770, no. 61, sold to Chariot)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As \"Une Pr\u00e9sentation au Temple: dessein tr\u00e8s spirituel, \u00e0 la plume, par M. Boucher: hauteur 11 pouces 3 lignes, largeur 7 pouces 3 lignes.\" Sold to Chariot for 58.19 livres, according to annotated catalogue in Rijksbureau voor kunsthistorische en ikonografische Documentatie, The Hague.</div>"], "date": "1770", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "M. Chariot, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1770-1788", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(possibly Hotel de Bullion, Paris, Collection choisie...du Cabinet de M. Chariot, January 28, 1788, no. 128, sold to Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Basan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->&nbsp;\"La Pr\u00e9sentation au Temple, tr\u00e8s-beau dessin \u00e0 la plume, lav\u00e9 de bistre &amp; de sanguine, dans le stile de Rembrandt. Hauteur 14 pouces, largeur 10 pou. De la vente de M. Baudoin, Peintre\" Sold for 34 livres, according to annotated copy of catalogue in library of the Institut de France, Paris.</div>"], "date": "1788", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Possibly Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Basan [1723-1797], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1788-?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Jan Baptist de Graaf [1742-1804; Lugt 1120], Amsterdam", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Possibly Eug\u00e9nie Tripier-LeFranc [1805-1872], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1883", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Paris, Tripier-LeFranc sale, June 5-7, 1883, no. 45)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As \"La Presentation au Temple. Plume et sepia.\"</div>"], "date": "1883", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "John Postle Heseltine [1843-1929; Lugt 1507], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1900-after 1914", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Richard Owen, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr., Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1925", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1925-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing was probably a sketch for an oil painting that Boucher was unable to complete before his death.", "description": "Late in his career, Fran\u00e7ois Boucher adopted a drawing style characterized by strong pen lines and loosely brushed washes. This sheet, which dates from that period, depicts the blind priest Simeon, at left, who was promised that he would see the Messiah before his death. When the Christ child was brought into the temple near him, Simeon regained his sight. Boucher emphasized the miraculous event by showing divine light streaming down onto the priest from the dove above, which represents the Holy Spirit. The drawing is similar to an oil sketch (Louvre, Paris) that Boucher completed during the last year of his life -- one of the very last projects he ever completed.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79894209"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.1005-the-presentation-in"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue d'une collection choisie de tableaux originaux et dessins pr\u00e9cieux des trois \u00e9coles...du cabinet de M. Chariot</em>. Paris: Paillet, 1788.", "page_number": "Possibly mentioned: no. 128", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heseltine, J[ohn] P[ostle]. <em>Drawings by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, Jean Honor\u00e9 Fragonard, and Antoine Watteau in the Collection of J</em>[ohn] <em>P</em>[ostle] <em>H</em>[eseltine]. London: Autotype Company, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Michel, Andr\u00e9. <em>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher</em>. Paris: H. Piazza, 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45, no. 819", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heseltine, J[ohn] P[ostle] and Lucien Guiraud. <em>Dessins de l'\u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise du dix-huiti\u00e8me si\u00e8cle provenant de la collectoin H</em>[eseltine]<em>. </em>Paris: Frazier-Soye, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The French Eighteenth Century: Drawings Coming from the J.P. Heseltine Collection</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: E. Gimpel &amp; Wildenstein, 1914.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sizer, Theodore. \"Drawings by Boucher and Fragonard.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>13, no. 1 (January 1926): 5-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 5-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Eighteenth Century Masterpieces</em>. Exh. Cat. Palm Beach, FL: Society of the Four Arts, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 593", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n111"}, {"citation": "Houghton, Amory and Jacqueline Bouchot Saupique. <em>Les Dessins fran\u00e7ais dans les collections am\u00e9ricaines, de Clouet \u00e0 Matisse</em>. Paris: Art et Style, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>French Drawings from American Collections: Clouet to Matisse</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1959. (also published in French and Dutch)", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. <em>L'Oeuvre dessin\u00e9 de Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (1703-1770): catalogue raisonn\u00e9</em>. Paris: F. de Nobele, 1966", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 175, no. 651", "url": null}, {"citation": "S\u00e9rullaz, Maurice. <em>Great Drawings of the Louvre Museum: The French Drawings</em>. New York: George Braziller, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: under no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, gravures et dessins provenant du Cabinet des Dessins et de la Collection Edmond de Rothschild au Mus\u00e9e du Louvre</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>French Master Drawings of the 17th &amp; 18th Centuries in North American Collections</em>. Translated by Catherine Johnston. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 138, under no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slatkin, Regina Shoolman. <em>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. <em>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher</em>. Lausanne: La Biblioth\u00e8que des Arts, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 311, under no. 686", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre and Daniel Wildenstein. <em>L'opera completa di Boucher</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 143, under no. 724", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, p. 7, pp. 104-105, 288, no. 38; Reproduced: p. 105", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Michel 819; Ananoff 651", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.1005", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1005/1925.1005_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "893", "filesize": "486660", "filename": "1925.1005_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1005/1925.1005_print.jpg", "width": "1307", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2509684", "filename": "1925.1005_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.1005/1925.1005_full.tif", "width": "1307", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8033124", "filename": "1925.1005_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 107008, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:45:09.869000"}, {"id": 143234, "accession_number": "1967.19", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Landscape with a Windmill\r\n, 1646. Jacob van Ruisdael (Dutch, 1628/29\u20131682). Oil on wood; framed: 69 x 88.5 x 4 cm (27 3/16 x 34 13/16 x 1 9/16 in.); unframed: 49.5 x 68.5 cm (19 1/2 x 26 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1967.19", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Landscape with a Windmill\r\n", "creation_date": "1646", "creation_date_earliest": 1646, "creation_date_latest": 1646, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 69 x 88.5 x 4 cm (27 3/16 x 34 13/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Unframed: 49.5 x 68.5 cm (19 1/2 x 26 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.69, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.885, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.04, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.495, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.685, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"JvR 1646 [JvR in monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 222452, "title": "Master of Landscape: Jacob van Ruisdael's Paintings, Drawings and Etchings", "description": "<i>Master of Landscape: Jacob van Ruisdael's Paintings, Drawings and Etchings</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (June 26-September 18, 2005); Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (February 25-June 4, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220230, "title": "The Discovery of Landscape:  Netherlandish Landscape Painting of the 16th and 17th Centuries", "description": "<i>The Discovery of Landscape:  Netherlandish Landscape Painting of the 16th and 17th Centuries</i>. Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, D-70184 Stuttgart, Germany (organizer) (October 15, 2005-February 5, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-10-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Manchester, City Art Gallery, 1964-66 (on extended loan).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Francis Cook;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sir Frederick Cook;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sir Herbert Cook, Doughty House, Richmond;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sir Francis Cook, Le Coin, Jersey, Channel Islands;", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Trustees of the Cook Collection (sale: Christie's, London, November 15, 1966, no. 55, listed as Follower of Ruisdael);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[F. Kleinberger & Co., New York], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely at the field across from the windmill: white linens are naturally bleached in the sun, a process that would have taken several months.", "description": "Even this early work by Jacob van Ruisdael\u2014painted while he was still a teenager\u2014shows his unique approach to landscape that made the simplest motifs seem grand and heroic. Dark forms are massed in the foreground, creating a stark contrast to the expansive, sunlit plain at left.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20801653"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.19-landscape-with-a-win"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, C. P. <em>A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Works of the Most Eminent Dutch Painters of the Seventeenth Century</em>. London, United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co, 1908.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62, no. 180;, vol. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, Francis, Tancred Borenius, J. O. Kronig, Maurice W. Brockwell, and Herbert Frederick Cook. <em>A Catalogue of the Paintings at Doughty House, Richmond, &amp; Elsewhere in the Collection of Sir Frederick Cook, Bt., Visconde De Monserrate</em>. London, United Kingdom: W. Heinemann, 1913.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94, no. 350", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Jakob. <em>Jacob van Ruisdael</em>. Berlin, Germany: B. Cassirer, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79, no. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Simon, Kurt Erich. <em>Jacob van Ruisdael; eine Darstellung seiner Entwicklung</em>. Berlin, Germany: Wu\u0308rfel Verlag, 1930.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21-22, no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, Francis, Maurice W. Brockwell, and Herbert Frederick Cook. <em>Abridged Catalogue of the Pictures at Doughty House, Richmond, Surrey, in the Collection of Sir Herbert Cook, Bart</em>. London, United Kingdom: W. Heinemann, 1932.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40, no. 350", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 10 (1967): 302-46.", "page_number": "Referenced: no. 66, p. 343, Reproduced: p. 315", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183."}, {"citation": "Stsechow, Wolfgang. \"Ruisdael in the Cleveland Museum.\" The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LV, no. 10 (October, 1968): 250-261.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 256-257; Mentioned: p. 250, 252", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ballegeer, J. P. \"Aus der Arbeit der Museen, Amerika.\" <em>Pantheon</em> II (1968): 138.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 125", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n149"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"An Introduction to Lanscape Painting.\" <em>Arts and Activities</em> 82 (November 1977): 34-39.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n180"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 266; Reproduced: p. 267", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C. <em>A Guide to Dutch Art in America</em>. Washington, D.C.: Netherlands-American Amity Trust, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69, fig. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walford, E. John. <em>Jacob Van Ruisdael and the Perception of Landscape</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55, fig. 34; p. 56, fig. 34 (detail)", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 238", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Kretzschmar, Sabine, \"Carefully Observed Terrain\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 36 no. 08, October 1996", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-08/page/6"}, {"citation": "Slive, Seymour. <em>Jacob Van Ruisdael: A Complete Catalogue of His Paintings, Drawings, and Etchings</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145, fig. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sitt, Martina. P. Biesboer, and Karsten Mu\u0308ller. <em>Jacob van Ruisdael: die Revolution der Landschaft</em>. Zwolle, Netherlands: Waanders, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73, no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Keyes, George S. <em>Masters of Dutch Painting: Detroit Institute of Arts</em>. Detroit, MI: Detroit Institute of Arts, in association with D Giles Ltd., London, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slive, Seymour. <em>Jacob Van Ruisdael: Master of Landscape</em>. London, United Kingdom: Royal Academy of Arts, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40, no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wiemann, Elsbeth, Jenny Gaschke, and Mona Stocker. <em>Die Entdeckung der Landschaft: Meisterwerke der Niederla\u0308ndischen Kunst des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: DuMont, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150, no. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bleker, E. J., Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, and A. A. H. Bleker-Poot. <em>Rembrandt en de Blekerfamilie</em>. Lochem, Netherlands: Silverborgh B.V., 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 692, EB 606", "url": null}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M., \"World Travelers\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 01, January 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-01/page/8"}, {"citation": "Harris, Ann Sutherland. <em>Seventeenth-Century Art &amp; Architecture</em>. London, United Kingdom: Laurence King Publishing Ltd., 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 381, fig. 5.68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slive, Seymour. <em>Jacob Van Ruisdael: Windmills and Water Mills</em>. Los Angeles, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arikawa, Haruo. \"Dutch Landscapes Revisited.\" <em>Zurich studies in the history of art</em> 19 (2012): 269-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 277, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 187", "url": ""}, {"citation": "White, Christopher. <em>Dutch Pictures in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen.</em> London: Royal Collection Trust, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 335, fig. 44", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.19", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_web.jpg", "width": "1239", "height": "893", "filesize": "799015", "filename": "1967.19_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2451", "filesize": "6401827", "filename": "1967.19_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_full.tif", "width": "6096", "height": "4395", "filesize": "80410892", "filename": "1967.19_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1147", "height": "893", "filesize": "673766"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2646", "filesize": "6298200"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5326", "height": "4145", "filesize": "66261472"}, "date_created": "2009-05-11T18:38:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1137", "height": "893", "filesize": "733594"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2670", "filesize": "6946857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5266", "height": "4135", "filesize": "65357960"}, "date_created": "2009-05-11T18:33:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1237", "height": "893", "filesize": "768662"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2454", "filesize": "5533775"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.19/1967.19_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4886", "height": "3527", "filesize": "51714248"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 143234, "creators": [{"id": 2676, "description": "Jacob van Ruisdael (Dutch, 1628/29\u20131682)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1628", "death_year": "1682", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1646, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1646", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Windmill near Fields"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:21:44.531000"}, {"id": 149379, "accession_number": "1978.39", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Set of Three Panels from a Casket with Scenes from Courtly Romances, c. 1330\u201350. France, Lorraine?, Gothic period, 14th century. Ivory; overall: 13 x 26.2 x 1 cm (5 1/8 x 10 5/16 x 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1978.39", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Set of Three Panels from a Casket with Scenes from Courtly Romances", "creation_date": "c. 1330\u201350", "creation_date_earliest": 1330, "creation_date_latest": 1350, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Lorraine?, Gothic period, 14th century"], "technique": "ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Ivory", "measurements": "Overall: 13 x 26.2 x 1 cm (5 1/8 x 10 5/16 x 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.13, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.262, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.01, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1978</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309851, "title": "Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 22-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-01-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 203147, "title": "Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain", "description": "<i>Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2016-February 26, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Trivulzio, Milan, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1897", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Robert von Hirsch, Frankfurt, Germany and Basel, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1933", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale, Sotheby Parke Bernet, London, 22 June 1978, no. 290)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1978", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the center panel two knights in mail surcoats and helms joust here with blunted lances \"for courtesy,\" a version of the joust known as the Joust of Peace.", "description": "Among the most lavish and deluxe products of French ivory workshops of the 1300s were large caskets carved with elaborate scenes drawn from courtly romances. The panels shown here come from such a casket. The largest panel (center) once formed the lid and depicts a tournament, the most splendid and romantic of knightly activities. Just to the right is a favorite allegory of chivalric love: knights assaulting the castle of love. The two side panels depict other scenes such as the fountain of youth, Sir Gawain and the Lion, and Lancelot crossing the sword bridge. These images suggesting chivalry, fertility, virginity, youth, and an idealized courtly love likely derive from manuscripts including the Roman de la Rose and the poems of Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes. Such texts were often found within the libraries of the aristocracy, so the casket\u2019s symbolic images would have been readily understood. Such caskets may have originally been gifts between a man and a woman. The expense of the material, ivory, suggests they were produced for an elite, aristocratic clientele.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742222"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.39-set-of-three-panels"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1978.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 1 (1979).", "page_number": "p. 11, no. 27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "Liverpool Museum (Liverpool, England), and Charles T. Gatty.<em> Catalogue of Medi\u00e6val &amp; Later Antiquities Contained in the Mayer Museum, Including the Mather Collection of Miniatures and Medals Relating to the Bonaparte Family. </em>Liverpool: G.G. Walmsley, 1883.", "page_number": "p. 23, no. 67, pl. XI", "url": null}, {"citation": "W. Hugelshofer, \"Aus Einer Basler Privatsammlung,\" <em>DU</em> vol 12 (1951).", "page_number": "pp. 53 & 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kleinbauer, Eugene, \"Recent Major Acquisitions of Medieval Art by American Museums\" <em>Gesta </em>19/1 (1977).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cEleven Additions to the Medieval Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 3 (1979): 87\u2013151.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 110-117", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159622"}, {"citation": "<em>Deutsche Literatur im Mittelalter: Kontakte und Perspektiven. </em>Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1979.", "page_number": "abb. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Barbara A. Kathman<em>. A Cleveland Bestiary. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Department of Art History and Education, The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "pp. 2 & ad, cat. no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martin Nagy, Rebecca.<em> Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 60, repr. p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown University, and David Winton Bell Gallery (Brown University).<em> Survival of the Gods: Classical Mythology in Medieval Art </em>: an Exhibition by the Department of Art, Brown University, Bell Gallery, List Art Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, February 28-March 29, 1987. Providence, R.I.: The Department, 1987.", "page_number": "pp. 64-5, cat. no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Ivory: An International History and Illustrated Survey. </em>New York: Abrams, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 106, fig. B", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Margaret T.<em> The Liverpool Ivories: Late Antique and Medieval Ivory and Bone Carving in Liverpool Museum and the Walker Art Gallery.</em> [Liverpool]: National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside, 1994.", "page_number": "pl. XLIC, p.v98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William. \"A Glimpse at the Fountains of the Middle Ages.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art </em>8 (2003): 6-23.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 17", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079727"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein.<em> Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 188-189, no. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 205, no. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum, Elizabeth Morrison, and Larisa Grollemond. <em>Book of Beasts: The Bestiary in the Medieval World.</em> 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 214, cat. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>Hunting for a Unicorn Horn: Narwhal Tusks in Medieval Monsters</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art The Thinker Blog on Medium, September 6, 2019.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/hunting-for-a-unicorn-horn-narwhal-tusks-in-medieval-monsters-1455c03fb529"}, {"citation": "Kopp, V. &amp; E. Lapina, \"Games and Visual Culture in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance\". <em>Studies in the History of Daily Life (800-1600) V</em>olume 8, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2020.", "page_number": "pp. 226-28", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.39", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39/1978.39_web.jpg", "width": "627", "height": "900", "filesize": "230849", "filename": "1978.39_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39/1978.39_print.jpg", "width": "2367", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1964045", "filename": "1978.39_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39/1978.39_full.tif", "width": "4705", "height": "6758", "filesize": "95424112", "filename": "1978.39_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39/1978.39_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "650", "height": "900", "filesize": "151424"}, 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Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940), Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937). Gilt silver and ivory; overall: 15.6 x 12.1 x 8.6 cm (6 1/8 x 4 3/4 x 3 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection, 1980.74.3", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Covered Sugar Bowl", "creation_date": "c. 1907", "creation_date_earliest": 1902, "creation_date_latest": 1912, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "Gilt silver and ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 15.6 x 12.1 x 8.6 cm (6 1/8 x 4 3/4 x 3 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.156, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.121, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.086, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Made by A. A. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Galerie Hebrard, Paris, France (1907).", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna, Turin, Italy (May 10-November 10, 1902).", "opening_date": "1902-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Carlo Bugatti [1856-1940], sold to Mrs. Anna Blake", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1907", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Anna Blake, Cape Town, South Africa. 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Alastair. \"The Silver of Carlo Bugatti,\" <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>136, no. 6, (December 1989): 1344-55.", "page_number": null, "url": "Duncan, J. Alastair. \"The Silver of Carlo Bugatti,\" The Magazine Antiques 136, no. 6, (December 1989): 1344-55."}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Some Furniture and Silver of Carlo Bugatti.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 5 (May 1992): 130-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned PP 136-41", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25161359"}, {"citation": "Duncan, Alastair. <em>The Paris Salons, 1895-1914</em>. Vol. 5 of <em>Objets d'Art and Metalware</em>. Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced P 157", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=31823650"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Bugatti</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced P 26, cat. no. 41, fig. 37", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=41002835"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 55-6", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=50820863"}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay. <em>Carlo Bugatti. </em>Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced P 39, cat. no. 137", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=full-set-set&set_number=000221&set_entry=000002&format=999"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique</em>. 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Paris: Les \u00c9ditions de l\u2019Amateur, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 20", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=949868383"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.74.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.3/1980.74.3_web.jpg", "width": "746", "height": "900", "filesize": "190334", "filename": "1980.74.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.3/1980.74.3_print.jpg", "width": "2532", "height": "3056", "filesize": "1030557", "filename": "1980.74.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.3/1980.74.3_full.tif", "width": "2532", "height": "3056", "filesize": "23248360", "filename": "1980.74.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.3/1980.74.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "873", "height": "900", "filesize": "195576"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.3/1980.74.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3034", "height": "3127", "filesize": "1123857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.3/1980.74.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3034", "height": "3127", "filesize": "28497504"}, "date_created": "2019-04-10T08:04:32.009000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.3/1980.74.3_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "900", "filesize": "182878"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.3/1980.74.3_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2452", "height": "3051", "filesize": "963390"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.3/1980.74.3_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2452", "height": "3051", "filesize": "22478268"}, "date_created": "2019-04-10T08:07:27.022000", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Thomas L. 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Hebrard Firm, Paris", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 191440, "title": "Bugatti", "description": "<i>Bugatti</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 18-September 19, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-07-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220633, "title": "Carlo Bugatti", "description": "<i>Carlo Bugatti</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (organizer) (April 9-July 15, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-04-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Galerie Hebrard, Paris, France (1907).", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Possibly exhibited at the Prima Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte Decorativa Moderna, Turin, Italy (May 10-November 10, 1902).", "opening_date": "1902-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Carlo Bugatti [1856-1940], sold to Mrs. Anna Blake", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1907", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Anna Blake, Cape Town, South Africa. [d. 1956], by descent to her son Robert da Costa Blake", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1907-c. 1956", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Robert da Costa Blake, Cape Town, South Africa, sold (Kirkcaldzs, Cape Town, South Africa, 24 May 1965, lot 34)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1956-1965", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection, South Africa, sold (Martin-Forest, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Martin-Forest, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1980.77"], "did_you_know": "This tea pot is part of a tea and coffee service designed by Carlo Bugatti.", "description": "This tea and coffee service, salver, and table, together with some now missing cups, were all designed by Carlo Bugatti as an ensemble and presented at the 1902 exposition devoted to decorative arts in Turin, Italy. The set was probably acquired from Bugatti's 1907 exhibition at the Galerie H\u00e9brard in Paris by a wealthy South African widow, Anna Blake, who was living there at the time. Some of the animal and insect motifs suggest mythical beasts or the fossils of prehistoric animals. When Mrs. Blake returned to Cape Town, she took these and other pieces designed by Bugatti with her, and they remained in South Africa throughout her lifetime.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751115"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.74.4-tea-pot"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: back cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Duncan, J. Alastair. \"The Silver of Carlo Bugatti,\" <em>The Magazine Antiques </em>136, no. 6, (December 1989): 1344-55.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=item-global&doc_library=CMA01&doc_number=000001278&year=&volume=&sub_library=CMA"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"Some Furniture and Silver of Carlo Bugatti.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 5 (May 1992): 130-43.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140; Mentioned: p. 136-41", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25161359"}, {"citation": "Duncan, Alastair. <em>The Paris Salons, 1895-1914</em>. Vol. 5 of <em>Objets d'Art and Metalware</em>. Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced P 157", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=31823650"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Bugatti</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced P 26, cat. no. 41, fig. 37", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=41002835"}, {"citation": "Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Orsay. <em>Carlo Bugatti. </em>Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced P 39, cat. no. 137", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=full-set-set&set_number=000221&set_entry=000002&format=999"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 55-6", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=50820863"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 37, cat. no. 10", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=230187932"}, {"citation": "Fromanger, Ve\u0301ronique. <em>Rembrandt Bugatti Sculpteur: Re\u0301pertoire Monographique</em>. Paris: L'Amateur, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 8, fig. 69", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=537862059"}, {"citation": "Pin\u0303a, Leslie A. <em>Furniture in History, 3000 B.C.-2000 A.D.</em> Boston: Prentice Hall, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 30", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=268788668"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 294-5", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=813973055"}, {"citation": "Fromanger, Ve\u0301ronique and Carla Briner. <em>Rembrandt Bugatti, Sculptor: Re\u0301pertoire Monographique: A Meteoric Rise</em>. Paris: Les \u00c9ditions de l\u2019Amateur, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 20", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=949868383"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 144", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.74.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_web.jpg", "width": "860", "height": "900", "filesize": "189815", "filename": "1980.74.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_print.jpg", "width": "3250", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1244325", "filename": "1980.74.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_full.tif", "width": "3456", "height": "3616", "filesize": "37525720", "filename": "1980.74.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "685", "filesize": "157405"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2967", "height": "2257", "filesize": "685585"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2967", "height": "2257", "filesize": "20123728"}, "date_created": "2019-04-11T08:30:51.073000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "712", "height": "900", "filesize": "175459"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2688", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1045256"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2888", "height": "3653", "filesize": "31684344"}, "date_created": "2019-04-09T13:31:02.063000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "900", "filesize": "178346"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2592", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1026987"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2675", "height": "3509", "filesize": "28194808"}, "date_created": "2019-04-09T13:33:26.096000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "647", "height": "900", "filesize": "181188"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2427", "height": "3376", "filesize": "1104247"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2427", "height": "3376", "filesize": "24615636"}, "date_created": "2019-04-09T13:36:21.056000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "900", "filesize": "171214"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2235", "height": "3351", "filesize": "1038716"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt4_full.tif", "width": "2235", "height": "3351", "filesize": "22502968"}, "date_created": "2019-04-09T14:25:10.043000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "709", "height": "900", "filesize": "114828"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2679", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1108859"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3939", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59124888"}, "date_created": "2007-11-15T20:07:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "758", "height": "900", "filesize": "136004"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2863", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1189007"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.74.4/1980.74.4_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4211", "height": "5000", "filesize": "63210132"}, "date_created": "2007-11-15T20:16:24", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "272512c8c7c740c98f3aecadf533b595", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/272512c8c7c740c98f3aecadf533b595", "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 150160, "creators": [{"id": 15830, "description": "Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": "active in France after c. 1902.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1856", "death_year": "1940", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 15899, "description": "Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1866", "death_year": "1937", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-09-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1902, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1907", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1980.74", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:00.223000"}, {"id": 140427, "accession_number": "1964.360", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kneeling Prophet from the Reliquary Chasse of Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s, 1409. Jean de Clichy (French), Gauthier du Four (French), and Guillaume Boey (French). Gilt bronze; overall: 13.8 x 9.3 x 8.7 cm (5 7/16 x 3 11/16 x 3 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1964.360", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Kneeling Prophet from the Reliquary Chasse of Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s", "creation_date": "1409", "creation_date_earliest": 1409, "creation_date_latest": 1409, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 13.8 x 9.3 x 8.7 cm (5 7/16 x 3 11/16 x 3 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.138, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.093, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.087, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442290, "title": "Le Siecle de Charles V (The Century of Charles V)", "description": "<i>Le Siecle de Charles V (The Century of Charles V)</i>. R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux - Grand Palais, Paris cedex 12, France (October 10, 1981-February 1, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 217179, "title": "Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI", "description": "<i>Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (March 22-July 19, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207370, "title": "The Art of Illumination: The Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry", "description": "<i>The Art of Illumination: The Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 1-June 13, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196195, "title": "Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe", "description": "<i>Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 2010-January 17, 2011); The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (February 13-May 15, 2011); The British Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (June 23-October 9, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 296969, "title": "Johan Maelwael from Guelders", "description": "<i>Johan Maelwael from Guelders</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (October 6, 2017-January 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-10-06T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions,\" September 1966,no. 31.", "opening_date": "1966-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Treasures from Medieval France\" 1967, no. VI-20, pp. 254, 255, 376.", "opening_date": "1967-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Lawrence Kansan, University of Kansas Art Museum, \"The Waning of the Middle Ages,\" 1969, no. 97, pp. 80, 81, pl. 15.", "opening_date": "1969-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA , \"Renaissance Bronzes from Ohio Collections, 1975, no. 3, pp. 7, 8, 9.", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Traditions and Revisions,\" 1975, cat. no. 34.", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Tokyo, Museum of Western Art, \"Masterpieces, East and West, from American Collections, 1976.", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Kyoto, National Museum, \"Masterpieces, East and West, from American Collections, 1976.", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Reunion des Mus\u00e9es Nationaux, Grand Palais, Louvre, \"Le Siecle de Charles V at Grand Palais, Paris, Pctober 5, 1981-January 1982, pp. 236-238, no. 191, repr p. 237.", "opening_date": "1982-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"The Age of Bronze\" July 13, 1982-October 17, 1982.", "opening_date": "1982-07-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an At Museum,\" July 7-September 8, 1991.", "opening_date": "1991-07-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dijon, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts of Dijon (May 28-September 15, 2004); The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005) \"Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419).\"exh.cat.no. 71, p.202, repr.p.200.", "opening_date": "2004-05-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007), the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008) and Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (3/1/2010 - 6/13/2010):  \"The Art of Illumination: The Belle Heures of Jean de France, Duke de Berry\"", "opening_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, October 17, 2010 - January 17, 2011, Walters Art Museum February 13 - May 15, 2011: \"Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics and Devotion in Medieval Europe,\"  cat. no. 134.", "opening_date": "2011-02-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (10/6/2017 - 1/7/2018):  \"Johan Maelwael from Guelders\"", "opening_date": "2017-10-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This figure is one of only two known surviving fragments of the Reliquary Ch\u00e2sse of Saint-Germain. Fashioned from silver, gold, and precious stones, it was designed to hold the body of the saint. A contract from 1409 gives the names of the commissioned goldsmiths: Jean de Clichy, Gautier du Four, and Guillaume Boey.The reliquary was housed in the ancient Benedictine Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Pr\u00e9s in Paris and formed the monastery\u2019s great treasure until it was destroyed in the French revolution. The exquisite modeling of the prophet, originally a supporting foot of the reliquary, reveals the sophistication of Paris around 1400.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781264"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.360-kneeling-prophet-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n86"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1428"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 254-255; cat. no. VI-20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n281"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n86"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n91"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. <em>Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419 : Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 200</em>5. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 49-50, no. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 212-213, no. 77", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bagnoli, Martina. <em>Treasures of heaven: saints, relics, and devotion in medieval Europe</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 134, p. 230 - 231", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Inglis, Erik. \"Expertise, Artifacts, and TIme in the 1534 Inventory of the St-Denis Treasury.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 98, no.1 (March 2016): [14]-42.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williamson, Paul. <em>The Wyvern Collection: Medieval and Renaissance Sculpture and Metalwork</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2018.", "page_number": "CMA Mention: p.185", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Reliquary Holder.\" Site Officiel du Musee du Louvre. (Accessed 1/22/2020).", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/reliquary-holder"}, {"citation": "Ameri, Gianluca. \"Salti di Scala? Riflessioni sui Rapporti fra Scultura e Smalto sur Ronde-Bosse verso il 1400.\" <em>Arte Medievale</em> 4, a. 14 (2024): 265-286.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 272; Reproduced: p. 271, fig. 7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.360", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_web.jpg", "width": "673", "height": "893", "filesize": "392921", "filename": "1964.360_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_print.jpg", "width": "2563", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5344980", "filename": "1964.360_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_full.tif", "width": "3517", "height": "4665", "filesize": "49246932", "filename": "1964.360_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "747", "height": "893", "filesize": "383196"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2737", "height": "3271", "filesize": "5043402"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2737", "height": "3271", "filesize": "26889604"}, "date_created": "2006-12-04T19:08:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "370124"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2727", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5361415"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3828", "height": "4772", "filesize": "54826600"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "893", "filesize": "358618"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2566", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5094557"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3687", "height": "4886", "filesize": "54069088"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "684", "height": "893", "filesize": "396153"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2605", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5639678"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3533", "height": "4611", "filesize": "48897564"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "893", "filesize": "399241"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2644", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4719968"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.360/1964.360_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3888", "height": "5000", "filesize": "58348140"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140427, "creators": [{"id": 10118, "description": "Jean de Clichy (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 10121, "description": "Gauthier du Four (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 10124, "description": "Guillaume Boey (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1409, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1409", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Kneeling Prophet (Supporting Figure from the Reliquary of Saint Germain)", "Kneeling Figure"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:12:52.930000"}, {"id": 117894, "accession_number": "1938.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Idiophone/Staff (ahianmw\u1eb9n-\u1ecdr\u1ecd), possibly 1800s. Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild. Copper alloy; overall: 36.2 x 9.9 cm (14 1/4 x 3 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert Ford Memorial Fund, 1938.5", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Idiophone/Staff (ahianmw\u1eb9n-\u1ecdr\u1ecd)", "creation_date": "possibly 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Nigeria, Benin Kingdom, \u1eb8do peoples, members of the Igun Eronmwon (royal brasscasters) guild"], "technique": "Copper alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 36.2 x 9.9 cm (14 1/4 x 3 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.362, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.099, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312477, "title": "Treasure of Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin", "description": "<i>Treasure of Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-April 11, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701305, "title": "The Bird in Art", "description": "<i>The Bird in Art</i>. Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (organizer) (June 6-August 12, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445213, "title": "Baldwin Lectures of Mr. Roy Sieber", "description": "<i>Baldwin Lectures of Mr. Roy Sieber</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (March 5-31, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-03-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Knoedlers, NY, Exhibition of Bronzes and Ivories from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin, November 25-December 4, 1935, cat. no. 28, fig. 28.", "opening_date": "1935-11-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1937: Ivories and Bronzes from the Ancient Kingdom of Benin, cat. #28.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Seattle, WA, Seattle Art Museum, The Bird in Art, June 6-August 12, 1956.", "opening_date": "1956-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oberlin, OH, Allen Art Museum, Baldwin Lectures of Mr. Roy Sieber, March 5-March 31, 1972.", "opening_date": "1972-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned from the Igun Eronmwon", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "possibly 1800s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "By descent to \u1eccba Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n (Ov\u1ecdnramw\u1eb9n Nogbaisi, [c. 1857\u20131914; r. 1888\u201397], Royal Palace, Benin City", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c.1857\u20131897", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Brought to Europe following the Siege of Benin", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1897", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Fosters & Co., London or France, probably sold to Louis Carr\u00e9 and/or Charles Ratton)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Savoy, B\u00e9n\u00e9dicte, Charlotte Guichard, and Christine Howald. 2018. Acquiring cultures: histories of&nbsp;<br>world art on Western markets. P. 274</div>"], "date": "c. 1929\u20131932", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Louis Carr\u00e9, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, January 17, 1938)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Louis Carr\u00e9 by at least 1935&nbsp;<br>\u2022 Exhibited at M. Knoedler and Company NYC Nov-December 1935; as number 28 (described and&nbsp;<br>illustrated)&nbsp;<br>Louis Carr\u00e9, Paris, by at least 1937&nbsp;<br>\u2022 Illustrated in Negatives 963447 and 963448, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives</div>"], "date": "by at least 1935", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Purchase/Carr\u00e9 provenance publicized in CMA Bulletin March 1938 (Helen S. Foote, \u201cTwo Bronzes&nbsp;<br>from Benin, pp. 49-50, 48)</div>"], "date": "1938\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "An image of the <em>ahianmw\u1eb9n-\u1ecdr\u1ecd</em> (bird of prophecy) once sat atop the roof of the palace in the Benin Kingdom.", "description": "Courtiers, priests, and senior chiefs strike instruments like this during the Ugie \u1eccr\u1ecd festival. The long-legged metal bird refers to the 16th-century ruler \u1eccba \u1eb8sigie. Wings outstretched with long, textured feathers, it is the <em>ahianmw\u1eb9n-\u1ecdr\u1ecd</em> (bird of prophecy). It stares outward, a likely magical substance clenched in its beak. Such a bird prophesied \u1eb8sigie\u2019s defeat and death during the Idah War (about 1515\u201317), leading his people to resist fighting for him. When \u1eb8sigie triumphed, bronze bird effigies were beaten for days on end throughout the year. This punished the false avian prophet and shamed the cowardly men.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741605"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.5-idiophone-staff-ahia"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Two Bronzes from Benin.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 25, no. 3 (1938): 48-50.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50; illustrated p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "CMA 1938: Bulletin (March 1938)", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lane, James W. \"Current Exhibitions.\" <em>Parnassus </em>Vol. 7, no. VII (December 1935): 26-31, 35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Au Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Mouseion. </em>(April 1938) 13-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4, p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In <em>Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display</em>. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 113, 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Bronzes and Ivories from the Old Kingdom of Benin: Exhibition from November 25 to December 14, 1935 At the Galleries of M. Knoedler and Company 14 East 57 Street New York City. </em>New York: M. Knoedler and Company, [1935].", "page_number": "Mentioned: Fig. 28 (illustrated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \u201cArt from the Benin Kingdom.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 34-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 34; Mentioned: P. 35.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Digital Benin, </em>Markk Museum Am Rothenbaum Kulturen und Kunste der Welt<em>, (</em>Last Updated: 2021-02-13)", "page_number": "ID 117894", "url": "https://digitalbenin.org/catalogue/8_117894"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_web.jpg", "width": "630", "height": "893", "filesize": "196855", "filename": "1938.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_print.jpg", "width": "2398", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2845973", "filename": "1938.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_full.tif", "width": "3527", "height": "5000", "filesize": "52916744", "filename": "1938.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "623", "height": "893", "filesize": "189323"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2373", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2688075"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3490", "height": "5000", "filesize": "52361660"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "893", "filesize": "184025"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2309", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2602347"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3395", "height": "5000", "filesize": "50936276"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "612", "height": "893", "filesize": "196154"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2330", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2728378"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.5/1938.5_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3427", "height": "5000", "filesize": "51416672"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "James Albert Ford Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117894, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "possibly 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ideophone in the Form af an Ibis (Rhythm Instrument)", "Clapper"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:06:18.617000"}, {"id": 151541, "accession_number": "1983.86", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bodhisattva (\u83e9\u85a9), 700s. China, Tang dynasty (618-907). Dry lacquer; overall: 44 x 37 cm (17 5/16 x 14 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Given in memory of Howard Parmelee Eells Jr. by his wife, Adele Chisholm Eells, 1983.86", "current_location": "241C Chinese Buddhist Sculptures", "title": "Bodhisattva", "title_in_original_language": "\u83e9\u85a9", "creation_date": "700s", "creation_date_earliest": 700, "creation_date_latest": 799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Tang dynasty (618-907)"], "technique": "dry lacquer", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Tang Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 44 x 37 cm (17 5/16 x 14 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.44, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.37, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1983</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Arts of the Sung Dynasty</em>. Arts Council of Great Britain and the Oriental Ceramic Society, London, England (June 16\u2013July 23, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-07-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Mount Trust Collection of Chinese Art</em>. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England (January-March 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(C.T. Loo \u76e7\u82b9\u9f4b [1880\u20131957], Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1933\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Mount Trust of Captain Vivian Francis [1891\u20131968] and Mrs. Cornelia Stuyvesant Vanderbilt Bulkeley-Johnson [1900\u20131976], Churchill, Oxfordshire, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131983", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, England, 19 April 1983 sale, lot 42)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "19 April 1983", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(J. E. Eskenazi, Ltd., London, UK, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "While lacquer is tough and impervious to insects, it is less durable than wooden or stone sculptures, so this is a rare surviving Tang example.", "description": "The bodhisattva, an enlightened being dedicated to the spiritual awakening of all beings, is shown sitting in a relaxed pose, the eyes half-closed in an expression of profound meditation. The statue is modeled in a sensuous manner. <br><br>It is made using the dry lacquer technique whereby a clay core is first constructed and then overlaid with fabrics saturated with lacquer. Once the lacquer layers are set, the core is removed. This kind of hollow dry lacquer statue is lightweight and easy to carry. <br><br>The piece once suffered from severe surface retouching that distorted its original beauty. The museum's conservation work has removed coats of overpainting and over-restoration, revealing the true appearance of the glossy black lacquered surface with traces of cut-gold decoration and pigments.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778543"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.86-bodhisattva"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fischer, Otto. \"Chinesische Lacksculptur.\" <em>Ostasiatische Zeitschrift</em>, IX (1933), 75\u201377.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Pl. 16, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gray, Basil. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of the Arts of the Sung Dynasty</em>. London: Arts Council of Great Britain and the Oriental Ceramic Society, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no.  292", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ayers, John G. <em>The Mount Trust Collection of Chinese Art</em>. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods Limited. <em>Fine Chinese Ceramics, Bronzes, Ivories and Works of Art: The Properties of F.A. Fairbairn; Mrs. Anne How; Lady Neville; R.H. Newsholme; Dr. Marcos Tang; the Mount Trust; the Lord Walpole and from Various Sources; Which Will Be Sold at Christie's Great Rooms on Tuesday 19 April 1983</em>. London: Christie, Manson &amp; Woods Ltd., 1983.", "page_number": "Lot 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cYear in Review for 1983.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 2 (1984): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 237, pp. 47 and 77; Reproduced: no. 237, p. 46", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159848"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"A Dry Lacquer Buddhist Image from T'ang China.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 3 (1984): 90\u201399.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 90\u201399; Reproduced: figs. 1-5, 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159853"}, {"citation": "<em>La Chronique des Arts Supplement a la Gazette des Beaux Arts</em>, no. 1382 (March 1984).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 21, no. 132", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Candace Lewis, \"Report from America (East Coast).\" <em>Oriental Art</em>, n.s. XXX, no. 3 (Autumn 1984), pp. 293\u2013294.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dempsey, James H. \u201cThe Annual Report for 1984.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 4 (1985): 242\u201398.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 261, 267; Reproduced: p. 267", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159905"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 342, fig. 32", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Hollendonner, Frederick L., \"Restoration of an early Chinese Hollow Dry Lacquer Figure.\" In <em>The Conservation of Far Eastern Art: Preprints of the Contributions to the Kyoto Congress, 19-23 September 1988</em>. John S. Mills, Perry Smith, and Kazuo Yamasaki, editors. London: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  pp. 146-148; Reproduced: figs. 1\u20134", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Slusser, Mary Shpherd. \"The Art of East Asian Lacquer Sculptures.\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 27, no. 1 (Jan. 1996): pp. 16\u201330.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 19, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 46\u201347", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sun, Di \u5b59\u8fea, editor. <em>Zhongguo liu shi hai wai Fo jiao zao xiang zong he tu mu</em> [\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u5931\u6d77\u5916\u4f5b\u6559\u9020\u50cf\u603b\u5408\u56fe\u76ee= Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Buddhist Statues in Overseas Collections]. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "vol. 6, p. 1226", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"A Connoisseur's Eye, A Scholar's Mind: The Legacy of Sherman Lee.\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 40, no. 5 (2009).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 31, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Two Bodhisattva Images in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Orientations</em> vol. 41, no. 8 (Nov./Dec. 2010): pg. 89\u201392.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 89\u201390, fig. 1 and 1a-b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eskenazi, Giuseppe, and Hajni Elias. <em>A Dealer's Hand: The Chinese Art World Through the Eyes of Giuseppe Eskenazi</em>. London, England: Scala, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581?-1644). Black chalk with red chalk ; matted: 55.7 x 40.5 cm (21 15/16 x 15 15/16 in.); sheet: 37.3 x 26.2 cm (14 11/16 x 10 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1953.626", "current_location": null, "title": "Allegorical Figure", "creation_date": "c. 1635", "creation_date_earliest": 1630, "creation_date_latest": 1640, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "black chalk with red chalk ", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper (discolored)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Matted: 55.7 x 40.5 cm (21 15/16 x 15 15/16 in.); Sheet: 37.3 x 26.2 cm (14 11/16 x 10 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.373, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.262, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "matted": {"height": 0.557, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.405, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower left, in brown ink: Prete Genovese; verso, lower center, in brown ink: P.G. r: 35.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 348912, "title": "Art in Italy, 1600-1700", "description": "<i>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (April 6-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520993, "title": "Art in Italy, 1600-1700", "description": "<i>Art in Italy, 1600-1700</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (April 6-May 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351015, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 29-June 6, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361405, "title": "Bernardo Strozzi: Paintings and Drawings", "description": "<i>Bernardo Strozzi: Paintings and Drawings</i>. University Art Museum, Binghamton, NY (organizer) (October 8-November 5, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-10-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361406, "title": "Old Master Drawings from American Collections", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from American Collections</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (April 29-June 13, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311462, "title": "Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650", "description": "<i>Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 20, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-08-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361409, "title": "Bernardo Strozzi: Genova 1581/82-Venezia 1644", "description": "<i>Bernardo Strozzi: Genova 1581/82-Venezia 1644</i>. Palazzo Ducale (Genova), Genova, Italy (May 6-August 6, 1995).", "opening_date": "1995-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "possibly to Strozzi's pupil Ermanno Stroiffi (1616-1693), Venice", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1644?-ca. 1654", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "\"Borghese\"-Sagredo collection, Venice (Lugt 2103a, with associated inscription \"P.G. no. 35\")", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "ca. 1654", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "by descent to Zaccaria Sagredo (1653-1729), Venice", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1729", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "by descent to his nephew, Gherardo Sagredo (died 1738)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1729-1738", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "with Hans M. Calmann (1899-1982), London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 110566, "description": "Allegorical Figure, c. 1636. Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581?-1644). Oil on canvas; framed: 178.5 x 133.5 x 12 cm (70 1/4 x 52 9/16 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 145.8 x 99.8 cm (57 3/8 x 39 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Friends of The Cleveland Museum of Art 1929.133", "relationship": "preparatory for"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Drawings by Bernardo Strozzi are exceedingly scarce, especially full worked-up preparatory drawings such as this study for Minerva.", "description": "The Genoese painter Bernardo Strozzi drew this female figure in preparation for one of his major oil paintings, also in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art (1929.133). Recent scholarship has convincingly identified the subject as Minerva. The Roman goddess of war has put aside her armor for more contemplative pursuits; her upward gaze\u2014as if seeking inspiration\u2014recalls her other associations with wisdom, eloquence, and the arts. The figure is one of a number of single female figures associated with intellectual and artistic pursuits made by Strozzi in the 1630s when he lived and worked in Venice. Such works appealed to his learned patrons in northern Italy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80022109"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.626-allegorical-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Jane S., ed. <em>The Dictionary of Art</em>, vol. 29. New York: Grove, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 784", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Venetian Tradition: Catalogue of the Exhibition. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, n. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>Art Quarterly </em>19, no. 3 (Autumn 1956): 302-306.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 306; Reproduced: p. 304", "url": null}, {"citation": "Comstock, Helen. \"A Drawing by Bernardo Strozzi.\" <em>The Connoisseur </em>138, no. 557 (November 1956): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 212", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Drawing for Strozzi's 'Minerva.' \" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 43, no. 6 (June 1956): 123-126.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 123-126; Reproduced: p. 124", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142136"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 573", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n107"}, {"citation": "Cummings, Frederick J., ed. <em>Art in Italy 1600-1700</em>. Detroit, MI: The Detroit Institute of Arts, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 177-178; Reproduced: p. 177, n. 204", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mahon, Denis. \"Stock-taking in <em>Seicento </em>Studies.\" <em>Apollo</em> 82, no. 45 (November 1965): 378-391.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 386; Reproduced: p. 384, n. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n139"}, {"citation": "Mortari, Luisa. <em>Bernardo Strozzi</em>. [Rome]: De Luca, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 61, 99, 219; Reproduced: n. 474", "url": null}, {"citation": "Matteucci, Anna Maria. <em>Bernardo Strozzi</em>. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7, n. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milkovich, M. <em>Bernardo Strozzi: Paintings and Drawings.</em> Binghamton, NY: University Art Gallery, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 12, 72, 86; Reproduced: p. 87, n. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n139"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n156"}, {"citation": "Meder, Joseph. <em>The Mastery of Drawing</em>, vol. 2. Translated by Winslow Ames. New York: Abaris Books, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 302; Reproduced: n. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M.<em> Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 45-47; Reproduced: p. 46, n. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio. <em>Disegni antichi del Museo Correr di Venezia: catalogo</em>, vol. 1. Vicenza: Nera Pozzi, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann T., ed. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries: The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part Three</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 421, n. 184a", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Newcome, Mary. \"Oil Sketches and Drawings by Strozzi.\" <em>antichit\u00e0 viva</em> 32, no. 6 (1993): 14-24.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gavazza, Ezia, Giovanna Nepi Scir\u00e9, and Giovanna Rotondi Terminiello.<em> Bernardo Strozzi: Genova 1581/82-Venezia 1644.</em> Milan: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 222, 280-281, 304; Reproduced: p. 305", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mortari, Luisa. <em>Bernardo Strozzi</em>. Rome: De Luca, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 201; Reproduced: p. 223, n. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications: New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 56; Reproduced: P. 57, cat. no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Orlando, Anna, and Daniele Sanguineti. <em>Bernardo Strozzi, 1582-1644: la conquista del colore</em>. Sagep editori, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.360-365, fig.7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bober, Jonathan, Piero Boccardo, and Franco Boggero. <em>A Superb Baroque: Art in Genoa, 1600-1750</em>. National Gallery of Art in association with Princeton University Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 130-131, n.15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bober, Jonathan, Piero Boccardo, and Franco Boggero. Superbarocco: arte a Genova da Rubens a Magnasco. Milano : Skira, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 292, 297; reproduced: p. 296, no. 82", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.626", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.626/1953.626_web.jpg", "width": "627", "height": "893", "filesize": "115574", "filename": "1953.626_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.626/1953.626_print.jpg", "width": "2387", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1953531", "filename": "1953.626_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.626/1953.626_full.tif", "width": "5365", "height": "7640", "filesize": "122987856", "filename": "1953.626_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130937, "creators": [{"id": 2324, "description": "Bernardo Strozzi (Italian, 1581?-1644)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1581", "death_year": "1644", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-12-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1630, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1635", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Minerva", "Thetis", "Study for Minerva"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:01.169000"}, {"id": 142605, "accession_number": "1966.333", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Gloria, 1956. Robert Rauschenberg (American, 1925\u20132008). Oil, fabric, staples, newspaper, graphite on paper, printed paper, and printed reproduction on canvas ; unframed: 170.5 x 163.4 x 4.5 cm (67 1/8 x 64 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Cleveland Society for Contemporary Art, 1966.333. \u00a9  Robert Rauschenberg Foundation / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": null, "title": "Gloria", "creation_date": "1956", "creation_date_earliest": 1956, "creation_date_latest": 1956, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil, fabric, staples, newspaper, graphite on paper, printed paper, and printed reproduction on canvas ", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 170.5 x 163.4 x 4.5 cm (67 1/8 x 64 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 1.705, "height_inch": 67, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.634, "width_inch": 64, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Robert Rauschenberg Foundation / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517667, "title": "Retrospective Exhibition of Works by Robert Rauschenberg", "description": "<i>Retrospective Exhibition of Works by Robert Rauschenberg</i>. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 1070 AB Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (February 23-April 7, 1968); Kolnischer Kunstverein, Cologne, Germany (April 19-May 26, 1968); Mus\u00e9e d'Art Moderne de Paris, 75116 Paris, France (June 7-July 14, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 204152, "title": "Gloria: Robert Rauschenberg & Rachel Harrison", "description": "<i>Gloria: Robert Rauschenberg & Rachel Harrison</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 1-October 25, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (gallery 229): March 24, 2009 - September 11, 2009; June 25, 2012 - November 19, 2012.", "opening_date": "2009-03-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Rauschenberg changed his first name from Milton to Robert because he thought it sounded more artistic.", "description": "<em>Gloria</em> exemplifies Rauschenberg\u2019s compositions that combine ephemera and abstract painting. By juxtaposing newspaper clippings (several of New York socialite Gloria Vanderbilt), a photograph, printed cardboard, and passages of paint, Rauschenberg dismissed traditional hierarchies of artistic materials while blurring boundaries between everyday life and art. As he once proclaimed, \u201cA pair of socks is no less suitable to make a painting with than wood, nails, turpentine, oil, and fabric.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469667"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n227"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n5"}, {"citation": "\u201cRobert Rauschenberg, Gloria.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 2 (February 1969): 72\u201377.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 72-77", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152257"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 255", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n275"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Joseph, Branden W. \"Disparate Visual Facts: Early Combines.\" In <em>Robert Rauschenberg. </em>Leah Dickerman, and Achim Borchardt-Hume, p. 138-161. New York: The Museum of Modern Art; London: Tate Publishing, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158, fig. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal </em>(Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rauschenberg, Robert, Leo Castelli, and Fundaci\u00f3n Juan March. <em>Bob Y Leo: Una Conversaci\u00f3n Entre Robert Rauschenberg Y Leo Castelli.</em> Edited by In\u00e9s Vallejo and Luc\u00eda Montes S\u00e1nchez. Primera edici\u00f3n. Ibarrangelu, Bizkaia, Madrid: Caniche; Fundaci\u00f3n Juan March, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 36-37, fig. 14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.333", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Cleveland Society for Contemporary Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142605, "creators": [{"id": 3606, "description": "Robert Rauschenberg (American, 1925\u20132008)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1925", "death_year": "2008", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1956, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1956", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:21.505000"}, {"id": 296869, "accession_number": "2018.267", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Peony Floor Lamp with a Bamboo Base, c. 1905\u201310. Probably by Clara Wolcott Driscoll (American, 1861\u20131944), Tiffany Studios (United States, New York, 1902\u201332). Leaded glass, bronze; 157.5 cm (62 in.); shade diameter: 55.9 cm (22 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Charles Maurer, 2018.267", "current_location": "209 Tiffany", "title": "Peony Floor Lamp with a Bamboo Base", "creation_date": "c. 1905\u201310", "creation_date_earliest": 1905, "creation_date_latest": 1910, "artists_tags": ["female", "Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Leaded glass, bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "157.5 cm (62 in.); Shade diameter: 55.9 cm (22 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 1.575, "height_inch": 62, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "shade diameter": {"length": 0.559, "length_inch": 22, "length_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "TIFFANY STUDIOS NEW YORK 505-17", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "TIFFANY STUDIOS/NEW YORK/10933", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 358650, "title": "Tiffany in Bloom: Stained Glass Lamps of Louis Comfort Tiffany", "description": "<i>Tiffany in Bloom: Stained Glass Lamps of Louis Comfort Tiffany</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 20, 2019-October 4, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-10-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Maurer [1929-2016], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-2018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The shade on this floor lamp can be rotated with the touch of a finger to provide brighter or dimmer light.", "description": "Tiffany and his designers brought the garden inside with their floral lamp designs. They also re-created the ever-changing qualities of natural light using the light and dark tonal effects of the glass when illuminated with electric lamps. This night and day version of the <em>Peony</em> shade could be rotated during the day to increase or decrease the amount of light it cast\u2014intense reds for a darker glow at night, lighter pinks during the day.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757482"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.267", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.267/2018.267_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": "78012", "filename": "2018.267_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.267/2018.267_print.jpg", "width": "2596", "height": "3400", "filesize": "711175", "filename": "2018.267_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.267/2018.267_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7859", "filesize": "141489348", "filename": "2018.267_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.267/2018.267_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "900", "filesize": "77901"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.267/2018.267_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2590", "height": "3400", "filesize": "683335"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.267/2018.267_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7877", "filesize": "141813312"}, "date_created": "2018-03-20T11:02:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.267/2018.267_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "249374"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.267/2018.267_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2044412"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.267/2018.267_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144034380"}, "date_created": "2018-03-20T14:34:57", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Charles Maurer", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "1213d5a05e4c442eb31ca1d6dd46481b", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/1213d5a05e4c442eb31ca1d6dd46481b", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 296869, "creators": [{"id": 356976, "description": "Clara Wolcott Driscoll (American, 1861\u20131944)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "probably by", "role": "designer", "biography": "Cleveland Institute of Art alumni.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1861", "death_year": "1944", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 292194, "description": "Tiffany Studios (United States, New York, 1902\u201332)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "American jewelry and glass manufactory, 1902-1932", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-12-03T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1905, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1905\u201310", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:02.463000"}, {"id": 402987, "accession_number": "2020.262", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Troyanas (de la serie M\u00f3dulos Infinitos) (Trojan Women [of the Infinite Module series]), 1964/1993. Zilia S\u00e1nchez (Cuban, 1926\u20132024). Acrylic on canvas; overall: 91.4 x 137.2 cm (36 x 54 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dorothea Wright Hamilton Fund, 2020.262. \u00a9 Zilia S\u00e1nchez, Courtesy Galerie Lelong & Co., New York", "current_location": "229C Contemporary", "title": "Troyanas (de la serie M\u00f3dulos Infinitos) (Trojan Women [of the Infinite Module series])", "creation_date": "1964/1993", "creation_date_earliest": 1964, "creation_date_latest": 1964, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "female", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Cuba"], "technique": "Acrylic on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "Paintings", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 91.4 x 137.2 cm (36 x 54 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.914, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.372, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Zilia S\u00e1nchez, Courtesy Galerie Lelong & Co., New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964/1993", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Private Collection, Puerto Rico", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Lelong & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2020", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2020-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "According to the artist, the serial panels in this work can be arranged in any order or configuration.", "description": "Throughout her career Zilia S\u00e1nchez repeatedly turned to women warriors for inspiration. The title <em>Troyanas</em> invokes the legendary women of Troy in Greek mythology, and the strength they displayed while mourning the loss of their land due to the Trojan war. These repeated bodylike curving and protruding canvas panels refer to lines of warriors standing together as one powerful unit or army, suggesting the collective power when individuals\u2014in this case women\u2014come together.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117246431"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.262", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dorothea Wright Hamilton Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 402987, "creators": [{"id": 402954, "description": "Zilia S\u00e1nchez (Cuban, 1926\u20132024)", "extent": "execution", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1926", "death_year": "2024", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-12-07T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1964, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1964/1993", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:01.499000"}, {"id": 136470, "accession_number": "1960.47", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Posthumous portrait of Raja Chhatar Singh of Chamba smoking a hookah with his brother and son, c. 1700. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and ink on paper; image: 16.2 x 26.5 cm (6 3/8 x 10 7/16 in.); overall: 20.3 x 31 cm (8 x 12 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1960.47", "current_location": "242B Indian Painting", "title": "Posthumous portrait of Raja Chhatar Singh of Chamba smoking a hookah with his brother and son", "creation_date": "c. 1700", "creation_date_earliest": 1696, "creation_date_latest": 1705, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 16.2 x 26.5 cm (6 3/8 x 10 7/16 in.); Overall: 20.3 x 31 cm (8 x 12 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.162, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.265, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "overall": {"height": 0.203, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.31, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518572, "title": "Rajput Painting", "description": "<i>Rajput Painting</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 22, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 680516, "title": "Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories", "description": "<i>Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 18-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 21-December 4, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-08-21T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 13-July 15, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-01-13T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 17-August 18, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-02-17T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 13, 2003-February 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-08-13T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 18, 2004-May 23, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-08-18T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131960", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 314243, "description": "Posthumous portrait of Raja Chhatar Singh of Chamba smoking a hookah, c. 1700. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and ink on paper; page: 19.7 x 16.4 cm (7 3/4 x 6 7/16 in.); image: 15.3 x 12.6 cm (6 x 4 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.109", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The back of this painting is lined with reused ledger paper.", "description": "King Chhatar Singh (reigned 1664\u201390), his thinning facial hair shot through with gray, points to his heart, a gesture common in images of the deceased. With his right hand he grasps the pipe of a hookah, connecting him to his son Udai Singh, who holds the rim of its base. The king\u2019s sword points directly to the boy, further linking them visually. Since hookah smoking connoted elite royal status in Pahari portraiture, this image suggests the passing of power from father to son.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465632"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.47-seated-prince-smokin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Asia Society, Sherman E. Lee, and George Montgomery. <em>Rajput Painting; with an introductory essay and catalogue notes</em>. New York: Asia House, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74; plate 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coates, Robert M.. \"The Art Galleries Here and There.\" <em>The New Yorker </em>(December 31, 1960): 45\u201347.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n263"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 239", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n263"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 309", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n329"}, {"citation": "Von Spee, Clarissa. \"Chinese Ceramics and Works on Paper.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 194\u2013229. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 222, fig. 44", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.47", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "600", "filesize": "236509", "filename": "1960.47_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "2995759", "filename": "1960.47_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_full.tif", "width": "12472", "height": "8312", "filesize": "311032828", "filename": "1960.47_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "900", "filesize": "243163"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2266", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3260067"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8312", "height": "12472", "filesize": "311032564"}, "date_created": "2025-08-26T10:55:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "600", "filesize": "253842"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "3543387"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12472", "height": "8312", "filesize": "311033084"}, "date_created": "2025-08-26T10:53:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "577", "filesize": "195273"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2179", "filesize": "2107504"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6808", "height": "4364", "filesize": "89162420"}, "date_created": "2014-03-25T15:33:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "591", "height": "900", "filesize": "210529"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2232", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2419339"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.47/1960.47_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4977", "height": "7582", "filesize": "113238584"}, "date_created": "2014-03-25T15:38:47", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136470, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-03-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1696, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1700", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Raja Smoking a Hookah with His Son and a Courtier", "Seated Prince Smoking a Hookah", "Raja Chattar Singh of Chamba (reigned 1664\u201390) smoking a hookah with prince and courtier", "Posthumous portrait of R\u0101ja Chhattar Singh of Chamb\u0101 (reigned 1664\u201390) smoking a hookah with his brother Jai Singh (died 1696) and son Udai Singh (reigned 1690\u20131720)", "Posthumous portrait of Raja Chhatar Singh of Chamba smoking a hookah with his brother and son Udai Singh"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:00:37.709000"}, {"id": 109147, "accession_number": "1927.306", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Closed Eyes, 1890. Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916), printed by Becquet (French). Lithograph on China paper laid on wove paper; image: 31.2 x 24.2 cm (12 5/16 x 9 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1927.306", "current_location": null, "title": "Closed Eyes", "creation_date": "1890", "creation_date_earliest": 1890, "creation_date_latest": 1890, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "lithograph on China paper laid on wove paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "China paper", "watermarks": []}, {"description": "wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Lithograph", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 31.2 x 24.2 cm (12 5/16 x 9 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.312, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.242, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": "trial proof (before letters)", "edition_of_the_work": "edition of 100", "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on stone, lower left: ODILON REDON; inscribed, at lower right, in graphite: Odilon Redon", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355274, "title": "Ways of Drawing Faces", "description": "<i>Ways of Drawing Faces</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1944-January 31, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301359, "title": "The Print Club of Cleveland, 1919 - 1969: Fifty Years in Review", "description": "<i>The Print Club of Cleveland, 1919 - 1969: Fifty Years in Review</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 14-March 31, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302561, "title": "The Milieu of Edvard Munch", "description": "<i>The Milieu of Edvard Munch</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 5-June 5, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-05-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304282, "title": "Charles Meryon, Odilon Redon, and Rodolphe Bresdin", "description": "<i>Charles Meryon, Odilon Redon, and Rodolphe Bresdin</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1, 1978-April 1, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309840, "title": "Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones", "description": "<i>Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 21-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310017, "title": "Contemporaries of the Pont-Aven Printmakers", "description": "<i>Contemporaries of the Pont-Aven Printmakers</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 14-September 27, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-08-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311457, "title": "Symbolist Prints", "description": "<i>Symbolist Prints</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311560, "title": "Drawn on Stone: 19th-Century Lithography", "description": "<i>Drawn on Stone: 19th-Century Lithography</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25, 1993-February 20, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 393854, "title": "Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon", "description": "<i>Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2021-January 23, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>\"La R\u00eaverie esth\u00e9tique\": Symbolist Works on Paper</em>. Allen Memorial Art Museum (March 29 - May 22, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-03-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Marcel Guiot, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1927", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1927-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Despite its androgynous look, this figure has been identified as a portrait of Redon\u00b4s wife, Camille Falte.", "description": "Odilon Redon explored the image of an androgynous figure with closed eyes in several of his works. He saw the expression as representative of a meditative shift inward and away from the constraints of modern society. By drawing lightly on a lithographic stone, Redon made faint lines that subtly modeled and shaded the head and shoulders while contrasting with the more sketchily drawn, inexplicable landscape in the foreground. Part of the Print Club of Cleveland\u2019s early gift of lithographs by Redon to the museum, this impression is a unique trial proof, printed while the artist was collaborating with master printer Becquet to assess the composition\u2019s progress.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80001288"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.306-closed-eyes"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"'La R\u00eaverie esth\u00e9tique': Symbolist Works on Paper.\" <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin</em>43, no. 1 (Summer 1988): 3-47.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34, no. 35; Reproduced: pl. Xa", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of an exhibition of the art of lithography: commemorating the sesquicentennial of its invention, 1798-1948</em>. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, November 11, 1948-January 2, 1949. Published as: Yeux clos.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 57; Reproduced: Plate XXXIV", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Lithography/page/n113"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 660", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n122"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n205"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n205"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 224", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n244"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Mellerio 107", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.306", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.306/1927.306_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "893", "filesize": "445495", "filename": "1927.306_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.306/1927.306_print.jpg", "width": "2637", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6379120", "filename": "1927.306_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.306/1927.306_full.tif", "width": "4350", "height": "5608", "filesize": "73216644", "filename": "1927.306_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 109147, "creators": [{"id": 1748, "description": "Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leader of the symbolist movement in France, Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux in 1840 and grew up in the surrounding region. During his early years he studied drawing, architecture, and the violin. A friendship with Armand Clavaud, a local botanist and philosopher, stimulated Redon's passion for romantic art and literature. In 1864, after a brief and discouraging period of instruction with G\u00e9r\u00f4me in Paris, Redon returned to Bordeaux, where he studied printmaking with Rodolphe Bresdin (1825-1885). Deploring the emphasis on rational, phenomenal experience in academic and naturalist art, Redon turned for inspiration to the imaginative paintings of Delacroix, the prints of Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya (1746-1828), and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire. In 1870, after military service in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon settled in Paris and produced his first <em>Noirs</em>. These visionary images, featuring floating eyes and severed heads born aloft on wings, reflect Redon's belief in the superiority of the imagination and fantasy, which he considered \"the messenger of the unconscious.\" After producing his initial <em>Noirs </em>in charcoal, Redon discovered a method of transferring his drawings to lithography in 1876. Throughout the 1880s he continued to use charcoal, etching, and lithography as his primary media, and he produced twelve lithography albums before abandoning the genre in the late 1890s. During the 1880s Redon emerged as a leader of the symbolist reaction against impressionism. The publication in 1879 of his first lithographic album, <em>Dans le r\u00eave</em>, followed by his first solo exhibition in 1881, attracted the admiration of J. K. Huysmans, who included illustrations by Redon in his novel <em>\u00c0 rebours</em> (1884). Around the same time, Redon developed a personal and artistic relationship with poet St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. Increasingly drawn into the public arena, Redon helped organize the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants in 1884. In 1886 he participated in the last impressionist exhibition and began showing with Les XX in Brussels. Redon's antinaturalist, visionary, art inspired many symbolist and Nabi artists, including Gauguin and Vuillard. Maurice Denis praised Redon as \"our Mallarm\u00e9,\" and in 1892 critic Albert Aurier described Redon as a leader of the new \"idealistic\" tendency in art. After 1890 the focus of Redon's activity shifted from monochromatic drawings and prints toward exploring color in richly worked pastels. His innovations in luminous color, as seen in the pastel and oil paintings he exhibited at the Galeries Durand-Ruel in 1900 were greatly admired by Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and the Fauves. Awarded the Legion of Honor in 1903, Redon continued his leadership role in the avant-garde and in 1904 became a founding member of the Salon d'Automne. In 1913 forty of his works were selected for exhibition in the Armory Show, the most by any artist. Redon died at his home in Paris in the summer of 1916.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 61664, "description": "Becquet (French)", "extent": "printed by", "qualifier": null, "role": "printer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-11-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1890, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1890", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:57.405000"}, {"id": 125103, "accession_number": "1946.82", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Jerome and the Lion (From the former Church of St. Peter in Erfurt), c. 1495. Tilman Riemenschneider (German, active W\u00fcrzburg, c. 1460\u20131531). Alabaster, traces of polychromy; overall: 37.8 x 28.1 x 15.9 cm (14 7/8 x 11 1/16 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1946.82", "current_location": null, "title": "Saint Jerome and the Lion (From the former Church of St. Peter in Erfurt)", "creation_date": "c. 1495", "creation_date_earliest": 1490, "creation_date_latest": 1500, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, W\u00fcrzburg, late 15th Century"], "technique": "alabaster, traces of polychromy", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 37.8 x 28.1 x 15.9 cm (14 7/8 x 11 1/16 x 6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.378, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.281, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.159, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311952, "title": "Art, A Means to World Understanding", "description": "<i>Art, A Means to World Understanding</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-April 10, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519575, "title": "Work of Tilman Riemenschneider", "description": "<i>Work of Tilman Riemenschneider</i>. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (organizer) (October 6-November 11, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442325, "title": "Tilman Riemenschneider - Fr\u00fche Werke (Tilman Riemenschneider - Early Works)", "description": "<i>Tilman Riemenschneider - Fr\u00fche Werke (Tilman Riemenschneider - Early Works)</i>. Mainfrankisches Museum, Wurzburg, Germany (organizer) (September 4-November 1, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-09-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177124, "title": "Tilman Riemenschneider:  Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Tilman Riemenschneider:  Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 3, 1999-January 9, 2000); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 7-May 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-10-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231494, "title": "From Van Eyck to D\u00fcrer: Artistic Exchanges between the Netherlands and Central, Eastern and Northern Europe c.1420-1530", "description": "<i>From Van Eyck to D\u00fcrer: Artistic Exchanges between the Netherlands and Central, Eastern and Northern Europe c.1420-1530</i>. Groeningemuseum, Stedelijke Musea, Brugge, Belgium (October 28, 2010-January 30, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441241, "title": "Alabaster. European Sculpture from the Middle Ages to the Baroque", "description": "<i>Alabaster. European Sculpture from the Middle Ages to the Baroque</i>. M Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (organizer) (October 14, 2022-February 26, 2023) https://www.mleuven.be/programma/albast.", "opening_date": "2022-10-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 453138, "title": "Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster", "description": "<i>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 23, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Ausstellung f\u00fcr christliche Kunst, </em>Schloss, Mainz, Germany (August 20 - September 4, 1892).", "opening_date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Meisterwerke der Bildhauerkunst in Frankfurter Privatbesitz, Deutsche und Franzosische Okastik des Mittelalters,</em> Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany (1921).", "opening_date": "1921-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Riemenschneider Ged\u00e4chtnis-Ausstellung 1931 des Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Landesgeschichte im Provinzial</em>, Hannover, Germany (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Sculpture,</em> Minneapolis Institute of Arts (November 1-December 11, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Classical, Medieval, Renaissance and Modern Sculpture,</em> Dudley P. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (January 6-31, 1950).", "opening_date": "1931-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Sculptures of Tilman Riemenschneider,</em> North Carolina Museum, Raleigh, North Carolina (October 6 - November 11, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Tilman Riemenschneider</em>, Mainfrankisches Museum Wurzburg, Germany (September 1-November 1, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-09-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Aynard Collection, Lyons", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1913", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Harry Fuld, Frankfurt am Main", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Steibel, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1946", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the story Saint Jerome encounters a fearsome lion, here depicted as diminutive, gentle, and submissive.", "description": "According to legend, Saint Jerome (347\u2013420 bce) lived in the desert, where he removed a thorn from an injured lion. Jerome is venerated in the Catholic Church as a Church Father, an important early author of Christianity. Here, he wears cardinal\u2019s clothing from around 1500.<br><br>Tilman Riemenschneider focused on Jerome\u2019s relationship with the lion, creating empathy for the wounded animal. The delicacy of the depiction, which may have been partially painted to add highlights, is typical of alabaster, as is its fine polishing. The cord of the cardinal\u2019s hat, missing today, may have been supplemented from another material.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749520"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.82-saint-jerome-and-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Generalversammlung der Katholiken Deutschlands. . <em>Katalog der Ausstellung fu\u0308r christliche Kunst: im ehem</em>. Kurfu\u0308rstl. Schlosse, 20. August - 4. September. 1892.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lelong, C. <em>Catalogue des objets d'art et de haute curiosite\u0301, de l'antiquite\u0301, du Moyen-Age et de la Renaissance ..., ivories, e\u0301maux, tapisseries, tableaux ..., de\u0301pendant des collections de Mme C. Lelong</em> 8, 9 et 10 de\u0301cembre 1902. 1902.", "page_number": "no. 147", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Hessen-Kunst</em> (1909).", "page_number": "p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adelmann, C. \"Til Riemenschneider,\" <em>Walhalla</em> VI (1910).", "page_number": "p. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Collection Aynard Lyon,</em> Sale cat. Georges Petit (1913).", "page_number": "no. 278", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Kunstblatt</em>, II (1918).", "page_number": "p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Meisterwerke Der Bildhauerkunst in Frankfurter Privatbesitz</em>. Band 1. Deutsche Und Franzs\u0332ische Plastik Des Mittelalters. Frankfurt and Main: Frankfurter Kunstverein, 1921.", "page_number": "no. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Swarzenski, George. \"Deutsche Alabasterplastik des 15 Jahfhunderts,\" <em>St\u00e4del-Jahrbuch</em> I (1921).", "page_number": "p. 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schrade, Hubert. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider</em>. Heidelberg: Hain, 1927.", "page_number": "no. 278", "url": null}, {"citation": "Provinzialmuseum Hannover, and Tilman Riemenschneider. <em>Riemenschneider Geda\u0308chtnis-Ausstellung 1931 des Museums fu\u0308r Kunst und Landesgeschichte im Provinzial-Museum Hannover</em>. Verzeichnis der ausgestellten Werke Riemenschneiders und seiner Schule. 1931.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 10a, p. 16.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Justus Bier, \" Riemenschneider - Ausstellung im Ged\u00e4chtnisjahr\" Pantheon VIII (1931).", "page_number": "p. 451", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus. <em>Thieme-Becker</em>, Allegemeine Lexikon der Bildenden K\u00fcnstler (Leipzig, 1934).", "page_number": "XXVIII, p. 334", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schmitt, Otto.<em> Reallexikon zur deutschen Kunstgeschichte </em>I. Band, I. Band. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1937.", "page_number": "pp. 310, 322, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Habicht, Victor Curt. <em>T. Riemenschneiders Lehr- und Wanderjahre.</em> Niedersa\u0308chsisches Jahrbuch Fu\u0308r Landesgeschichte ; 14.1937. 1937.", "page_number": "r, pl. II, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus. <em>Tilmann Riemenschneider. </em>Wien: Schroll, 1937.", "page_number": "p. 27, pl. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ring, Grete. \"St. Jerome Extracting the Thorn from the Lion's Foot.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 27, no. 3 (1945)", "page_number": "p. 188, fig. 5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3047012"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"\"St. Jerome and the Lion\" by Tilmann Riemenschneider.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>33, no. 10 (1946)", "page_number": "pp. 182-3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141320"}, {"citation": "Pope-Hennessy, John. \"Recent Research.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs</em> 89, no. 531 (1947)", "page_number": "p. 165", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/869378"}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus. <em>Tilmann Riemenschneider; ein Gedenkbuch</em>. Wien: A. Schroll, 1948.", "page_number": "p. 32, pl. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces of Sculpture: November 1-December 11, 1949,</em> Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1949.", "page_number": "cat. no. 25, p. 158, repr. p. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Minneapolis Institute of Art Bulletin</em> XXXVII, no. 29 (Nov. 5, 1949).", "page_number": "p. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus. \"Riemenschneider's St. Jerome and His Other Works in Alabaster.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 33, no. 4 (1951)", "page_number": "pp. 226-234, fig. 1-4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3047371"}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus. \"Riemenschneider und die Schaum\u00fcngen des Lorenz von Bibra\" M<em>unchen Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst</em> 7, no. 3 (1956).", "page_number": "p. 100, fig. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 188", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n45"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D., and Henry S. Francis. <em>Two Lindenwood Sculptures by Tilmann Riemanschneider ; 'The Stag Hunt', Lucas Cranach the Elder and Lucas Cranach the Younger. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": "fig. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "North Carolina Museum of Art. <em>Sculptures of Tilmann Riemenschneider: North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, October 6-November 11, 1962. </em>[Raleigh, N.C.]: [North Carolina Museum of Art], 1962.", "page_number": "Cat. No. III, repr. p. 27, 28, 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Werner, Alfred. \"Riemenschneider and the Gothic Genius\" <em>Arts Magazine</em> (October 1962).", "page_number": "pp. 41-42", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Exhibition Review\" <em>Emporium Rivista Mensile d'arte e di cultura</em> (March 1963).", "page_number": "pp. 137-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Mostre Museu Gallerie\" <em>Sele Arte</em> (March-April, 1963).", "page_number": "no. 93, p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n101"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n101"}, {"citation": "Cooper, Barbara, and Maureen Matheson. <em>The World Museums Guide</em>, Edited by Barbara Cooper &amp; Maureen Matheson. London: Threshold Books Ltd, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n107"}, {"citation": "Ley, Max, and Konrad Zwingmann. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider: fruhe Werke : Ausstellung im Mainfrankischen Museum Wurzburg</em>. Regensburg: F. Puster, 1981.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 57, p. 263-266", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \"Tilmann Riemenschneider -- The Early Work,\" October 7, 1981, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2927/"}, {"citation": "Bier, Justus, and Tilman Riemenschneider. <em>Tilmann Riemenschneider/; His Life and Work.</em> Lexington, KY.: Univ. Pr. of Kentucky, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 97, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krohm, Hartmut. <em>Zum Fru\u0308hwerk Tilman Riemenschneiders: eine Dokumentation.</em> Berlin: Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Skulpturengalerie, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 97 fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sello, Gottfried, and Toni Schneiders. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider.</em> Munchen: Lexikographische Institut Munchen, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Keblowski, Janusz \"Tylmana Riemenschneidera dziela wczesne (na marginesie wystawy w W\u00fcrzburgu)\" <em>Biuletyn Historii Sztuki</em> XLV, no. 2 (1983).", "page_number": "p. 199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kalden-Rosenfeld, Iris, and Tilman Riemenschneider. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider - Werkstattleiter in Wu\u0308rzburg: Beitra\u0308ge zur Organisation einer Bildschnitzer- und Steinbildhauerwerkstatt im ausgehenden Mittelalter</em>. Ammersbek bei Hamburg: Verl. an der Lottbek Jensen, 1990.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Roberta Hubbard, \"Martin's Mill\" CWRU: <em>The Magazine of Case Western Reserve University</em> 5, no.1 (November 1992).", "page_number": "p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Riemenschneider, Tilman, Julien Chapuis, and Michael Baxandall. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider: Master Sculptor of the Late Middle Ages.</em> 1999.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 11.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marks, Richard \"Exhibition Reviews\", <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> (July 2000).", "page_number": "p. 470", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hayum, Andree \"A Devotion to Carving: The Art of Tilmann Riemenschneider\" <em>Art in America</em> (July 2000).", "page_number": "p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kalden-Rosenfeld, Iris. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider und seine Werkstatt: mit einem Katalog der allgemein als Arbeiten Riemenschneiders und seiner Werkstatt akzeptierten Werke. </em>Ko\u0308nigstein im Taunus: Langewiesche, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 43, no. 48 p. 46, no. 51.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muth, Hanswernfried, Tilman Riemenschneider, and Toni Schneiders. <em>Tilman Riemenschneider: Bildschnitzer zu Wu\u0308rzburg</em>. Wu\u0308rzburg: Echter, 2004.", "page_number": "pp. 30-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 90, p. 242", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 263, no. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Julien Chapuis.<em> Van Eyck to Du\u0308rer: Early Netherlandish Painting &amp; Central Europe 1430-1530. </em>Tielt: Lannoo, 2010.", "page_number": "p. 415, fig. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Julien Chapuis. Van Eyck to Du\u0308rer: T<em>he Influence of Early Netherlandish Painting on European Art, 1430-1530.</em> London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 415, Cat. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Tilman Riemenschneider.<em> Tilman Riemenschneider: The Annunciation : a New Addition to the Corpus of Works in Alabaster</em>. London: Daniel Katz Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "o. 25, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel.<em> A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages. </em>Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 45, fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williamson, Paul. <em>The Wyvern Collection: Medieval and Renaissance Sculpture and Metalwork</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2018.", "page_number": "CMA Mention: p. 232", "url": null}, {"citation": "Woods, Kim. <em>Cut in Alabaster: A Material of Sculpture and Its European Traditions 1330-1530.</em> London: Harvey Miller Publishers, an imprint of Brepols Publishers, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: pp. 42-42, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukuda, Midori. <em>Shin inori no cho\u0304koku ri\u0304menshunaida\u0304 to do\u0304jidai no sakkatachi. </em>To\u0304kyo\u0304: Maruzenpuranetto, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced & Mentioned: pp. 80-85, fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lutz, Gerhard. \u201cLate Medieval Alabaster Sculpture: A new look at Tilman Riemenschneider's Jerome.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 63, no. 1 (2023): 10-11.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 11; Mentioned: P. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-01/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Lutz, Gerhard. \u201cOn the Use of Alabaster in Fifteenth-Century Sculpture.\u201c In <em>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</em>, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 14-25. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 14-15, no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lutz, Gerhard. \u201cTilman Riemenschneider\u2019s Early Work and Alabaster Sculpture.\u201c In <em>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</em>, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 78-88. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 85, fig. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lutz, Gerhard. \u201cSaint Jerome and the Virgin of the Annunciation.\u201c In <em>Riemenschneider and Late Medieval Alabaster</em>, edited by Aumaine Rose Smith, 90-101. Cleveland, Lewes: The Cleveland Museum of Art; D Giles Limited, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91-101; Reproduced: p. 90, 92-93, no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Williamson, Paul. \"A Masterpiece in Cleveland Forms the Focus of an Examination of the Aesthetic and Technical Qualities of Late Medieval European Alabaster Carving.\" <em>Burlington Magazine </em>165, no. 1448 (November 2023): 1244-1246.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 1244, fig. 1", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.82", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.82/1946.82_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "868", "filesize": "192176", "filename": "1946.82_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.82/1946.82_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3279", "filesize": "1429257", "filename": "1946.82_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.82/1946.82_full.tif", 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "5b8631c4045348d09e22a99192824e32", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/5b8631c4045348d09e22a99192824e32", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125103, "creators": [{"id": 9821, "description": "Tilman Riemenschneider (German, active W\u00fcrzburg, c. 1460\u20131531)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1531", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1490, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1495", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:22.071000"}, {"id": 130391, "accession_number": "1953.155", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Spring Flowers, 1864. Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926). Oil on fabric; framed: 144.5 x 117.2 x 12.1 cm (56 7/8 x 46 1/8 x 4 3/4 in.); unframed: 116.8 x 90.5 cm (46 x 35 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1953.155", "current_location": null, "title": "Spring Flowers", "creation_date": "1864", "creation_date_earliest": 1864, "creation_date_latest": 1864, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 144.5 x 117.2 x 12.1 cm (56 7/8 x 46 1/8 x 4 3/4 in.); Unframed: 116.8 x 90.5 cm (46 x 35 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.445, "height_inch": 56, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.172, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.121, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.168, "height_inch": 46, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.905, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper right corner: Monet 64\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338512, "title": "Two Sides of the Medal: French Painting from G\u00e9r\u00f4me to Gauguin", "description": "<i>Two Sides of the Medal: French Painting from G\u00e9r\u00f4me to Gauguin</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (September 28-November 6, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-09-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300822, "title": "Horticulture Motifs in Art", "description": "<i>Horticulture Motifs in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 9-April 24, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-03-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338130, "title": "Claude Monet: a loan exhibition", "description": "<i>Claude Monet: a loan exhibition</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum (organizer) (September 25-October 22, 1957); Minneapolis Institute of Art (November 1-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338825, "title": "A World of Flowers", "description": "<i>A World of Flowers</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (May 1-June 9, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520190, "title": "A World of Flowers", "description": "<i>A World of Flowers</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (May 2-June 9, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-05-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338832, "title": "Paintings by Monet", "description": "<i>Paintings by Monet</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (March 15-May 11, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338409, "title": "L'Art en France Sours Le Second Empire (Art in France Under the Second Empire)", "description": "<i>L'Art en France Sours Le Second Empire (Art in France Under the Second Empire)</i>. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (October 1-November 26, 1978); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (January 28-March 18, 1979); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (May 11-August 13, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338402, "title": "Les Origines de l'Impressionnisme", "description": "<i>Les Origines de l'Impressionnisme</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (April 19-August 8, 1994); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (September 19, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-04-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213916, "title": "Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Still Life Painting", "description": "<i>Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Still Life Painting</i>. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (September 22, 2001-January 13, 2002); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (February 17-June 9, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227545, "title": "Monet's Garden", "description": "<i>Monet's Garden</i>. Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, CH-8024 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (organizer) (October 29, 2004-March 13, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 201332, "title": "Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse", "description": "<i>Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 6, 2015-January 5, 2016); Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 30-April 20, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220692, "title": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille and the Birth of Impressionism", "description": "<i>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille and the Birth of Impressionism</i>. Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (June 25-October 16, 2016); Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (organizer) (November 14, 2016-February 26, 2017); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (April 9-July 9, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-06-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 380542, "title": "At the Source of Monet's Water Lilies: The Impressionists D\u00e9cor", "description": "<i>At the Source of Monet's Water Lilies: The Impressionists D\u00e9cor</i>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris, France (March 1-July 11, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 691572, "title": "Monet in Le Havre", "description": "<i>Monet in Le Havre</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'art moderne Andr\u00e9 Malraux, 76600 Le Havre, France (organizer) (June 5-September 27, 2026) https://www.muma-lehavre.fr/fr/expositions/monet-au-havre.", "opening_date": "2026-06-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>La vingti\u00e8me exposition municipale des beaux-arts.</em> Probably Mus\u00e9e de Rouen, Rouen, France (1864).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The artist's elder brother, L\u00e9on Pascal Monet [1836-1917], Rouen, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Col., New York, NY, April 17, 1953, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1953", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Monet is quoted as saying, \"I perhaps owe having become a painter to flowers<em>.</em>\" He painted this work in 1864, the first productive year of his career.", "description": "This early work reveal's Monet's fascination with capturing the transitory effects that became the primary focus of his later innovations. Painted with almost scientific accuracy, this still life has a freshness and immediacy derived partly from its composition. Isolated against a dark background, the fully mature peonies, potted hydrangeas, and basketed lilacs spill downward and outward from the geraniums at the rear. At the same time, Monet's energetic brushwork conveys the sparkling play of light on leaves and petals.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50807788"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.155-spring-flowers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dumas, Ann, William H. Robinson, Clare A. P. Willsdon, Monty Don, James Priest, Heather Lemonedes, and Lucy I. Zimmerman. Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse. 2015. catalogue no. 3", "page_number": "90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bazille, Fre\u0301de\u0301ric, Michel Hilaire, and Paul Perrin. Fre\u0301de\u0301ric Bazille (1841-1870) and the Birth of Impressionism. 2016. catalogue no. 52", "page_number": "95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello, and Paul Durand-Ruel. <em>Les archives de l'impressionnisme. Lettres de Renoir, Monet, Pissaro, Sisley et autres. Me\u0301moires de Paul Durand-Ruel</em>. <em>Documents</em>. Paris, France: Durand-Ruel, 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: v. 1, p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Spring Flowers.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum</em> <em>of Art XLI, </em>no. 2 (February, 1954)<em>: </em>23-24.", "page_number": "Reproduced: on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>XVII, no. 1 (Spring 1954): 63-75", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. <em>The Two Sides of the Medal; French Painting from Ge\u0301ro\u0302me to Gauguin</em>. 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 43, p 32, Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum</em> <em>of Art XLII, </em>no. 6 (June,1955).", "page_number": "Reproduced: on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "City Art Museum of St. Louis. <em>Claude Monet, a Loan Exhibition</em>. 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 1, 23, 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "William Mathewson Milliken. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 502", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n92"}, {"citation": "<em>ARTnews </em>LVII, no. 1 (March 1958): 1.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. <em>The History of Impressionism</em>. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tate Gallery, and John Hay Whitney. <em>The John Hay Whitney Collection</em>. Exh. Cat. London, UK: Tate Gallery, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 9, 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clifford, Henry, and Carl Zigrosser. \"A World of Flowers: Paintings and Prints.\" <em>Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin</em> 58, no. 277 (1963): 93-243. doi:10.2307/3795158.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3795158"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n198"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n198"}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel, and Aurora Colloridi. <em>Claude Monet</em>. Milan, Italy: Fratelli Fabbri, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel, <em>Claude Monet: biographie et catalogue raisonne\u0301.</em> Lausanne. Switzerland: La Bibliothe\u0300que des arts, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol.1, no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monet, Claude, and Susan Wise. <em>Paintings by Monet: [Exhibition] March 15 Through May 11, 1975, the Art Institute of Chicago</em>. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 3, p. 56-57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monneret, Sophie. L'impressionnisme et son e\u0301poque: dictionnaire international illustre\u0301. Paris, France: Denoe\u0308l, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: v. 2, p. 57; v. 2 p. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n236"}, {"citation": "Philadelphia Museum of Art, Detroit Institute of Arts, and Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France). <em>The Second Empire, 1852-1870: Art in France Under Napoleon III</em>. Philadelphia: The Museum, 1978.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stuckey, Charles F. <em>Monet: A Retrospective</em>. New York, NY, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 272", "url": null}, {"citation": "Renoir, Auguste. <em>Renoir: Hayward Gallery, London, 30 January-21 April 1985, Galeries Nationales Du Grand Palais, Paris, 14 May-2 September 1985, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 9 October 1985-5 January 1986</em>. [London]: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-196</em>0. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 95, no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kendall, Richard. <em>Monet by Himself: Paintings, Drawings, Pastels, Letters</em>. London, United Kingdom: Macdonald Orbis, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bajou-Charpentreau, Vale\u0301rie, and Fre\u0301de\u0301ric Bazille. <em>Fre\u0301de\u0301ric Bazille, 1841-1870</em>. La Calade, Aix-en-Provence, France: Edisud, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Denvir, Bernard. <em>The Chronicle of Impressionism: An Intimate Diary of the Lives and World of the Great Artists. </em>London, UK: Thames and Hudson, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32-33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grandjean, Gilles. <em>Rouen, les Cathe\u0301drales de Monet</em>: Exh. Cat. Rouen, France: Muse\u0301e des Beaux Arts, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tucker, Paul Hayes. <em>Mone ten =</em> <em>Monet, a retrospective</em>. Exh. Cat. Nagoya-sh, Japan: Chu\u0304nichi Shinbunsha, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tinterow, Gary, and Henri Loyrette. <em>Origins of Impressionism</em>. 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 115, p. 177, Reproduced: 179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stuckey, Charles F., Claude Monet, Sophia Shaw, and James N. Wood. <em>Claude Monet: 1840-1926</em>. Exh. Cat. New York, NY: Thames and Hudson, 1995.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel, <em>Monet: Catalogue Raisonne, </em>4 volumes. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Taschen, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. <em>Monet</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Taschen, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. 2, p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pitman, Dianne W. <em>Bazille: Purity, Pose, and Painting in the 1860s. </em>University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80,  Figure: 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part II. European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art,1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 447", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rathbone, Eliza E., and George T. M. Shackelford. <em>Impressionist Still Life</em>. New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63, Plate 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Becker, Christoph. <em>Monet's garden</em>. Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany: Hatje Cantz, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15, Figure 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Willsdon, Clare A. P. <em>In the Gardens of Impressionism</em>. New York, NY: Vendome Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40, fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Willsdon, Clare A. P. I<em>mpressionist Gardens</em>. Exh. Cat. Edinburgh, Scotland: National Galleries of Scotland, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, Figure 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Willsdon, Clare A. P. <em>Jardines impresionistas</em>. Exh. Cat. Madrid, Spain: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55, Figure 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumas, Ann, William H. Robinson, Clare A. P. Willsdon, Monty Don, James Priest, and Heather Lemonedes. <em>Painting the Modern Garden: Monet to Matisse</em>. 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 3, p. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Willsdon, Clare A. P. <em>In the Gardens of Impressionism.</em> London: Thames and Hudson, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 40, fig. 39; Mentioned: P. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M., et. al. <em>Monet: The Early Years.</em> Fort Worth, TX: Kimball Art Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, fig. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hilaire, Michel and Paul Perrin, eds. <em>Fre\u0301de\u0301ric Bazille (1841-1870) and the birth of impressionism.</em> Paris: Flammarion, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 95, fig. 52, cat. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Amiot-Saulnier, Emmanuelle. \"Le Jardin de Monet a Matisse.\" <em>L'Estampille, l'objet d'art</em> 521, (Mar. 2016): 28-35.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patry, Sylvie, and Anne Robbins. <em>Le De\u0301cor Impressionniste: Aux Sources des Nymphe\u0301as.</em> Vanves: Hazan; Paris: Muse\u0301e de l'Orangerie, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 52, no. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lefebvre, Ge\u0301raldine, ed. \"Collection L\u00e9on Monet. \u0152uvres.\" In <em>Le\u0301on Monet: Fre\u0300re de l'Artiste et Collectionneur, </em>112-151. Paris: RMN - Grand Palais, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 121", "url": ""}, {"citation": "David, Jeanne-Marie. \"Monet a Rouen: Peindre les Cathedrales.\" In <em>Claude Monet: Portail de La Cath\u00e9drale de Rouen, Temps Gris, e</em>dited by Jeanne-Marie David, 9-23. Cinisello Balsamo, Milano: Silvana Editoriale, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 9-10, fig.1", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.155", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.155/1953.155_web.jpg", "width": "685", "height": "900", "filesize": "215454", "filename": "1953.155_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.155/1953.155_print.jpg", "width": "2589", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2740556", "filename": "1953.155_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.155/1953.155_full.tif", "width": "11304", "height": "14845", "filesize": "503456588", "filename": "1953.155_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.155/1953.155_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "681", "height": "893", "filesize": "463728"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.155/1953.155_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2593", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5908134"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.155/1953.155_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3575", "height": "4687", "filesize": "50300540"}, "date_created": "2005-09-26T17:54:49", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130391, "creators": [{"id": 1844, "description": "Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Claude Monet spent his youth in Le Havre in Normandy, where his father worked as a wholesale grocer. By the age of sixteen, he had exhibited some of his caricatures in an art supply store, leading to his acquaintance with Boudin (q.v.). It was Boudin who first encouraged him to paint out of doors. In 1859 Monet traveled to Paris, where he saw Boudin's salon debut and met Constant Troyon (1810-1865). A year later he joined the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse, where he was introduced to Pissarro (q.v.), but his studies were interrupted in 1861 when he was drafted for a seven-year stint in the military. His family would pay for his release from military duties only if he gave up painting. Finding this unacceptable, Monet served for one year in Algeria before an early return to France to convalesce after a severe illness. In 1862 he met Jongkind (q.v.), another important influence on the young painter's development. Monet's father then allowed him to pursue his art career in Paris, where he entered the studio of the Swiss painter Charles Gleyre (1806-1874). He studied with Gleyre until 1864 and befriended Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Renoir (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.), with whom he painted in the forest of Fontainebleau (D\u00e9jeuner sur l'herbe, 1865, two fragments in Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). Monet first exhibited at the Salon of 1865 and would do so again in 1866, 1868, and 1880. In 1868 he shared a studio with Bazille and Renoir but was soon forced to leave Paris to escape his creditors. He took his mistress, Camille Doncieux, and their son, Jean, to F\u00e9camp, then \u00c9tretat, and finally Saint-Michel. There Renoir provided hospitality, and the two also painted at the boating and bathing center of La Grenouill\u00e8re on the Seine. In 1870 Monet married Camille and, to escape the Franco-Prussian War, left for London, where he remained for nine months and met Durand-Ruel, his first dealer. In the summer of 1871 he visited the Netherlands and then settled in Argenteuil, to the west of Paris. He converted a boat into a studio, as Daubigny (q.v.) had done before him, allowing him to explore different viewpoints for his landscapes. He assisted in the organization of the First Impressionist Exhibition in 1874, partly because Durand-Ruel's worsened business situation had prevented the dealer from buying his art. The following year he participated in the H\u00f4tel Drouot sale with Morisot (q.v.), Renoir, and Sisley. In 1878 Monet and his wife moved to V\u00e9theuil with the Hosched\u00e9s, who had previously commissioned some works. Camille died the following year, and, while Ernest Hosched\u00e9 spent most of his time in Paris trying to settle his precarious financial situation, Monet stayed behind with Ernest's wife, Alice. In 1881 he moved with her and her children to Poissy and within two years was living at Giverny, where he would remain for the rest of his life. He painted some of his famous scenes-the haystack and poplar series, for example- in 1890-91. Ernest Hosched\u00e9 died in 1891, and Monet married Alice the following year. At Giverny, Monet explored the themes of his garden and water lilies. He continued to travel, going to Norway in 1895, making three trips to London from 1899 through 1901, and taking Alice to Venice in 1908. The final years of his life were mainly spent working on his Great Decorations, large paintings of a water lily pond designed for two oval rooms at the Paris Orangerie. Monet is generally considered the most typical exponent of impressionism.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1926", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-04-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1864, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1864", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-05 05:00:26.434000"}, {"id": 143392, "accession_number": "1967.3", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Accent Grave, 1955. Franz Kline (American, 1910\u20131962). Oil on canvas; framed: 196 x 136 x 5 cm (77 3/16 x 53 9/16 x 1 15/16 in.); unframed: 191.1 x 131.4 cm (75 1/4 x 51 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1967.3. \u00a9 The Franz Kline Estate / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "Accent Grave", "creation_date": "1955", "creation_date_earliest": 1955, "creation_date_latest": 1955, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 196 x 136 x 5 cm (77 3/16 x 53 9/16 x 1 15/16 in.); Unframed: 191.1 x 131.4 cm (75 1/4 x 51 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.96, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.36, "width_inch": 53, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.05, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.911, "height_inch": 75, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.314, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 The Franz Kline Estate / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517938, "title": "Franz Kline, 1910-1962", "description": "<i>Franz Kline, 1910-1962</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 1-November 24, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301294, "title": "Works from the Contemporary Collection", "description": "<i>Works from the Contemporary Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 1-October 15, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442713, "title": "The Fifties: Painting in New York 1950 - 1960", "description": "<i>The Fifties: Painting in New York 1950 - 1960</i>. Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C., DC (organizer) (May 22-September 21, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 399447, "title": "Franz Kline: Art and the Structure of Identity", "description": "<i>Franz Kline: Art and the Structure of Identity</i>. Whitechapel Art Gallery (July 8-September 11, 1994); Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sof\u00cda (September 27-November 21, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228621, "title": "Franz Kline (1910-1962): A Survey of Works", "description": "<i>Franz Kline (1910-1962): A Survey of Works</i>. Castello di Rivoli Museo d'Arte Contemporanea, Rivoli (Torino), Italy (organizer) (October 18, 2004-January 30, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 308795, "title": "Once Upon a Time in America", "description": "<i>Once Upon a Time in America</i>. Wallraf-Richartz Museum, K\u00f6ln, Germany (organizer) (November 23, 2018-March 24, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-11-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1958-1959: The New American Painting, cat. no. 37, repr. p. 51.", "opening_date": "1958-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Whitney Museum of American Art, 1968: Retrospective - Work of Franz Kline, October 1-November 30, 1968.", "opening_date": "1968-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA: Works from the Contemporary Collection, July 1-mid-October, 1969", "opening_date": "1969-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Gallery, 1976: Heritage and Horizons: American Paintings 1776-1976, cat. no. 53, repr.", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "(also to Detroit Institute of Arts, 1976, and Toledo Museum of Art, 1976, and to CMA, 1976.", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, 1980: The Fifties: Painting in New York 1950-1960, cat. no. 35, repr. p. 78.", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH, November 29, 1985-March 2, 1986; Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, June 26-October 5, 1986: The Vital Gesture: Franz Kline in Retrospect.", "opening_date": "1986-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, September 16-November 8, 1987: Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960, cat. no. 45, p. 134, repr.", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Castello di Rivoli Museo d'Arte Contemporanea, Turin, Italy (10/18/2004 - 1/30/2005): \"Franz Kline (1910-1962): A Survey of Works\", p. 222-223", "opening_date": "2004-10-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1967\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1354.60"], "did_you_know": "Although Kline\u2019s paintings look like variations on Asian calligraphy, the artist denied the influence.", "description": "Although Kline's paintings look as if they were executed in a spontaneous burst of activity, they were often painstakingly pre-planned through preliminary studies. Additionally, as in the case of Accent Grave, close inspection reveals passages of reworked areas - white over black and vice-versa - indicating that the final composition was carefully orchestrated. The painting's title derives from the downward sloping black shape in its upper region, which suggests an accent grave in French phonetics.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469874"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art. <em>The New American Painting, As Shown in Eight European Countries, 1958-1959</em>. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41, cat. no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Paths of Abstract Art</em>. Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art: Distributed by H.N. Abrams, NY, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sidney Janis Gallery. <em>Kline</em>. New York, NY: Sidney Janis Gallery, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LIV,</em> no. 12 (December, 1967):302-347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 330, fig. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Annual Report for 1967: Contemporary Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LV,</em> no. 6 (June, 1968):183-184.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n226"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Some Modern Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LVI,</em> no. 2 (February, 1969):55-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62-68' Reproduced: p.66, back cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John, and R. Peter Mooz. <em>The Genius of American Painting</em>. London, United Kingdom: Weidenfeld &amp; Nicolson, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 291", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"An Important Sculpture by John Chamberlain.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LX,</em> no.10 (October, 1973):243-246.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Plane, Structure, Color, and Content.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXI,</em> no.9 (September,1974):223-239.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 234, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Terada, To\u0304ru. <em>Japanese Art in World Perspective</em>. New York, NY: Weatherhill, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147, fig. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 252", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n272"}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward, Sam Hunter, and Adolf Max Vogt. <em>Kunst der Gegenwart</em>. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Propyla\u0308en Verlag, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \u201cEight New Photographs.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 2 (1981): 51\u201362.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 58-59, fig. 10", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159712"}, {"citation": "Ball, Victoria Kloss. <em>The Art of Interior Design</em>. New York, NY: Wiley, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228, fig. 11.25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gaugh, Harry F. <em>The Vital Gesture, Franz Kline: Cincinnati Art Museum</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118, fig. 115; Mentioned: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \"Space and Pictorial Life: Hans Hofmann's Smaragd Red and Germinating Yellow.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> <em>LXXII</em> no. 9 (September, 1985):310-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 310; Detail: p. 318", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tim E. \"Alex Katz's Impala.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> <em>LXXIII</em> no. 8 (October, 1986):314-326.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 316", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 134, no. 45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wallock, Leonard, and Dore Ashton. <em>New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940-1965</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140, fig. 147", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynton, Norbert. <em>The Story of Modern Art</em>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Phaidon, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 237, fig. 209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Naylor, Colin, and Leanda Shrimpton. <em>Contemporary Masterworks</em>. Chicago, IL: St. James Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kline, Franz, and Stephen C. Foster. <em>Franz Kline: Art and the Structure of Identity</em>. Barcelona, Spain: Fundacio\u0301 Antoni Ta\u0300pies, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91, no. 30; Mentioned: p. 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barbero, Luca Massimo. <em>Carlo Cardazzo: Una Nuova Visione dell'arte</em>. Milano: Electa, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 368; Mentioned: p. 371", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pola, Francesca. \"Carlo Cardazzo verso il futuro, tra Nord Europa e Stati Uniti.\" In <em>Carlo Cardazzo: una nuova visione dell'arte. </em>Barbero, Luca Massimo, 351-381. Milano: Electa, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 369; Mentioned: p. 371", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nash, Steven A., and Elizabeth Armstrong. <em>A Passionate Eye: The Weiner Family Collection</em>. Palm Springs, CA: Palm Springs Art Museum, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: P. 82-83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schaefer, Barbara and Anita Hachmann. <em>Es war einmal in Amerika: 300 Jahre US-Amerikanische Kunst. </em>K\u00f6ln: Wienand Verlag Wallraf-Richartz-Museum &amp; Fondation Corboud, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 540-541, cat. 131-", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art. <em>The New American Painting, As Shown in Eight European Countries, 1958-1959</em>. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art; distributed by Doubleday, Garden City, NY, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.3", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Anonymous Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143392, "creators": [{"id": 3505, "description": "Franz Kline (American, 1910\u20131962)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1910", "death_year": "1962", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1955, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1955", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.555000"}, {"id": 118479, "accession_number": "1939.514", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Animal-Headed Figure Pendant, 1\u2013800 CE. Colombia, Quimbaya or Yotoco style. Cast gold; overall: 5 x 4.2 x 1.3 cm (1 15/16 x 1 5/8 x 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1939.514", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Animal-Headed Figure Pendant", "creation_date": "1\u2013800 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Colombia, Quimbaya or Yotoco style"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 5 x 4.2 x 1.3 cm (1 15/16 x 1 5/8 x 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.05, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.042, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.013, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312180, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 19-April 11, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-03-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357417, "title": "Shamanism", "description": "<i>Shamanism</i>. Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, Santiago, Chile (organizer) (December 1, 2022-June 30, 2023) https://museo.precolombino.cl/2022/12/12/chamanismo-visiones-fuera-del-tiempo-la-nueva-exposicion-del-museo-chileno-de-arte-precolombino/.", "opening_date": "2022-12-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; March 19- April 11, 1943.  \"Art of the Americas.\"", "opening_date": "1943-03-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art;  January 1944. \"The Ancient Art of the North American&#9;Continent.\"", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; November 9, 1945- January 6, 1946. \"Art of the Americas.\"", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23- April 3, 1966. \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The same creature, nasty but precious, appears in both pendants (1939.515). Human in its posture and arms, its head is that of an animal with a long, toothy snout. It holds batons to its mouth, and whiskers or ears flare from the sides of the head. The little headdress domes are mystifying; they have been described as mushrooms, gourds, and ceramic vessels, among other things.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779465"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1939.514-animal-headed-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Colombian Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>27, no. 1 (January 1940): 3-4.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138060"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 234", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1939.514", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.514/1939.514_web.jpg", "width": "1012", "height": "893", "filesize": "525293", "filename": "1939.514_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.514/1939.514_print.jpg", "width": "2129", "height": "1878", "filesize": "1103429", "filename": "1939.514_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.514/1939.514_full.tif", "width": "2129", "height": "1878", "filesize": "12031800", "filename": "1939.514_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.514/1939.514_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "737", "height": "893", "filesize": "417075"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.514/1939.514_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2805", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5106985"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.514/1939.514_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1504", "height": "1823", "filesize": "8263068"}, "date_created": "2011-11-08T19:31:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.514/1939.514_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "722", "height": "893", "filesize": "359969"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.514/1939.514_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1900", "filesize": "1669679"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.514/1939.514_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1900", "filesize": "8758420"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jon A. Lindseth and Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Galleries of the Ancient Americas", "athena_id": 118479, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1939-10-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1\u2013800 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:07:49.895000"}, {"id": 155647, "accession_number": "1990.87", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Paris Windows with Flags, Bastille Day, 1933. Ilse Bing (American, 1899\u20131998). Gelatin silver print; image: 22.3 x 28.2 cm (8 3/4 x 11 1/8 in.); matted: 40.6 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The A. W. Ellenberger, Sr., Endowment Fund, 1990.87. \u00a9 Estate of Ilse Bing", "current_location": null, "title": "Paris Windows with Flags, Bastille Day", "creation_date": "1933", "creation_date_earliest": 1933, "creation_date_latest": 1933, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "gelatin silver print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "PH - American 1900-1950", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 22.3 x 28.2 cm (8 3/4 x 11 1/8 in.); Matted: 40.6 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.223, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.282, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "matted": {"height": 0.406, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.508, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Ilse Bing", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written in white ink on recto: \"ILSE BING/1933\"; written in pencil on verso: \"ILSE BING/1933\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311875, "title": "Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 24, 1996-February 2, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-11-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 370361, "title": "Ilse Bing: Queen of the Leica", "description": "<i>Ilse Bing: Queen of the Leica</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 6-October 11, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA,  June 7 - September 15, 1991: \"Notable Acquisitions,\" CMA Bulletin, 78 (June 1991), p. 101, repr.", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, November 20,1996 - February 2, 1997: \"Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art.\"", "opening_date": "1997-02-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006):  \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 73, p. 119, repr. p. 96.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Bastille Day, celebrated on July 14, is a French national holiday that commemorates the storming of the Bastille prison, the turning point of the French Revolution of 1789.", "description": "Ilse Bing\u2019s preference for tightly organized geometric compositions is taken to an extreme in this elegant essay on diagonals. Because she was looking up and from the side, what should have been a rectangular grid of pillars and window ledges contains not a single horizontal or vertical line.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79944055"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 101", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 97", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M., \"Geometric Means\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 05, May/June 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-05/page/4/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.87", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The A. W. Ellenberger, Sr., Endowment Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155647, "creators": [{"id": 235, "description": "Ilse Bing (American, 1899\u20131998)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Ilse Bing (American, b. Germany, 1899-1998). Ilse Bing became interested in photography while pursuing a doctoral degree in art history at Frankfurt University. Around 1927-28 she began taking photographs to illustrate her dissertation and in 1930 decided to move to Paris to look for freelance assignments. Using the new 35mm Leica camera, she worked as a fashion, portrait, and architectural photographer, as well as a photojournalist. During her years in Paris she took part in numerous exhibitions, including the Museum of Modern Art's Photography 1839-1937 show in New York. In 1941 Bing and her husband immigrated to the United States, settling in New York City. In New York she began to work on a different scale, using the larger-format Rolleiflex camera as well as electronic flash. By 1957 she was working exclusively in color. Two years later Bing gave up photography to concentrate on painting and poetry.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1899", "death_year": "1998", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1933, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1933", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:36.130000"}, {"id": 108999, "accession_number": "1927.171", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Building of the Dam, 1908. Julian Alden Weir (American, 1852\u20131919). Oil on canvas; framed: 93.5 x 118.5 x 7.5 cm (36 13/16 x 46 5/8 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 76 x 101.6 cm (29 15/16 x 40 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1927.171", "current_location": null, "title": "The Building of the Dam", "creation_date": "1908", "creation_date_earliest": 1908, "creation_date_latest": 1908, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 93.5 x 118.5 x 7.5 cm (36 13/16 x 46 5/8 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 76 x 101.6 cm (29 15/16 x 40 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.935, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.185, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.76, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.016, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"J. Alden Weir\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302281, "title": "Landscape", "description": "<i>Landscape</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 9-April 22, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445186, "title": "Paintings by J. Alden Weir", "description": "<i>Paintings by J. Alden Weir</i>. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (May 6-June 8, 1972); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (June 20-July 9, 1972); Brigham Young University Museum of Art, Provo, UT (September 1-October 5, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443068, "title": "Connecticut and American Impressionsim: The Artists and the Landscape", "description": "<i>Connecticut and American Impressionsim: The Artists and the Landscape</i>. University of Connecticut, William Benton Museum of Art, Storrs, CT (organizer) (March 16-May 30, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441683, "title": "American Impressionist Paintings", "description": "<i>American Impressionist Paintings</i>. Gallery Thyssen-Bornemisza, Lugano-Catagnola, Switzerland (organizer) (July 22-October 28, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 227212, "title": "L'Impressionisme Am\u00e9ricain 1880-1915", "description": "<i>L'Impressionisme Am\u00e9ricain 1880-1915</i>. Fondation de l'Hermitage, Lausanne 8, Switzerland (organizer) (June 6-October 20, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223874, "title": "The Golden Age of American Impressionism", "description": "<i>The Golden Age of American Impressionism</i>. Heckscher Museum of Art, Huntington, Long Island, NY (organizer) (November 22, 2003-February 1, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-11-22T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Washington, D.C., The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Second Exhibition of Oil Paintings by Contemporary American Artists (8 December 1908-18 January 1909), cat. no. 239 as Building a Dam on the Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1908-12-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsburgh, The Carnegie Institute, Thirteenth Annual Exhibition, (29 April-30 June 1909), cat. no. 282, illus as Building a Dam on the Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1909-04-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Montross Gallery, The Ten American Painters (24 March-16 April 1910), cat. no. 29 as Building the Dam-Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1910-03-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, St. Botolph Club (1911); opened 11 January 1911; see 1990 exhibition catalogue from Lugano-Castagnola, Thyssen-Bornemisza Foundation, p. 74.", "opening_date": "1911-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, A Collection of Paintings by J. Alden Weir, N.A. (6 September-15 October 1911), cat. no. 15 as Building a Dam on the Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1911-09-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Portland (ME?), Portland Art Asssociation, Loan Exhibition of Paintings (22 September-22 November 1912), cat. no. 17 as The Dam.", "opening_date": "1912-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Denver, Denver Public Library (January-February 1916); see Unpublished References: Correspondence between Doreen B. Burke and William S. Talbot (1981) for reference from Weir's journal.", "opening_date": "1916-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Lynchburg, VA, (March, 1916) see Unpublished References: Correspondence between Doreen B. Burke and William S. Talbot (1981) for reference from Weir's journal.", "opening_date": "1916-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, Union League Club (April, 1916), see Unpublished References: Correspondence between Doreen B. Burke and William S. Talbot (1981) for reference from Weir's journal.", "opening_date": "1916-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Montross Gallery (April-May, 1917), see Unpublished References: Correspondence between Doreen B. Burke and William S. Talbot (1981) for reference from Weir's journal.", "opening_date": "1917-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Memorial Exhibition of the Works of Julian Alden Weir (17 March-20 April 1924), illus. cat. no. 39 as The Building of the Dam.", "opening_date": "1924-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Memorial Exhibition of Paintings by Thomas Eakins, Albert P. Ryder, and J. Alden Weir,  (15 December 1927 - 23 January 1928)", "opening_date": "1927-12-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October 1936), cat. no. 375 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today at The Cleveland Museum of Art (23 June-4 October 1937), cat. no. 204 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, A Century of American Landscape Painting, 1800 to 1900 (19 January-25 February 1938), cat. no. 65 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1938-01-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, A Century of American Landscape Painting, 1800-1900 (22 March-30 April 1939), cat. no. 41 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1939-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The American Academy of Arts and Letters, J. Alden Weir 1852-1919: Centennial Exhibition (1 February-30 March 1952), cat. no. 8 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1952-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., The Phillips Collection, Paintings by Julian Alden Weir (6 May-8 June 1972); traveled to Columbus, The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts (20 June-9 July 1972); Provo, Utah, The Brigham Young University Art Gallery (1 September-5 October 1972), illus. cat. no. 14 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1972-05-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Storrs, CT, The William Benton Museum of Art, Connecticut and American Impressionism (17 March-30 May 1980), did not travel with show; illus. cat. no. 76, p. 19 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1980-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, J. Alden Weir: An American Impressionist (14 October 1983-8 January 1984); traveled to Los Angeles, The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (9 February-6 May 1984); Denver, The Denver Art Museum (13 June-19 August 1984), cat. not numbered, illus. p. 243, fig. no. 6.20 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1984-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Lugano-Castagnola, Switzerland, Gallery Thyssen-Bornemisza, American Impressionist Paintings (22 July-28 October 1990), illus. cat. no. 26, p. 75 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1990-07-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Storrs, CT, The William Benton Musuem of Art, J. Alden Weir: A Place of His Own (4 June-18 August 1991); traveled to Greenwich, CT, The Bruce Museum (15 September-3 November 1991), illus. cat. plate no. 15 as Building a Dam, Shetucket.", "opening_date": "1991-06-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Lausanne, Switzerland, Fondation de l\u2019Hermitage, L\u2019Impressionnisme Am\u00e9ricain 1880-1915 (6 June 2002-20 October 2002), illus. cat. no. 57, p. 112 as The Building of the Dam (La construction du barrage).", "opening_date": "2002-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Heckscher Musuem of Art (11/22/2003 - 2/1/2004):  \"The Golden Age of American Impressionsim\"", "opening_date": "2003-11-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The artist's estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Phillips Memorial Gallery, Washington, DC, purchased in 1923", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, purchased in 1927", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["571.26"], "did_you_know": "The artist was the 14th of 16 children born to his parents.", "description": "Julian Alden Weir's painting shows the construction of the Scotland Dam, built between 1907 and 1909 on the Shetucket River near his summer home in Windham, Connecticut. The artist had a vested interest in the subject, as the dam ensured an energy supply to the area's inhabitants that included his family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503719"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.171-the-building-of-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pyne, Kathleen A. <em>Art and the Higher Life : Painting and Evolutionary Thought in Late Nineteenth-Century America.</em> Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 274; reproduced p. 276.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44, no. 204", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 548", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n102"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 189", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n213"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 189", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n213"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 234", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n254"}, {"citation": "Dawson, Anne E. \"J. Alden Weir in Windham, Connecticut, 1882-1919.\" In  <em>Rare Light: J. Alden Weir in Windham, Connecticut, 1882-1919.</em> Anne Dawson, editor, 9-90. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48, fig. 2.35", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.171", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.171/1927.171_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "668", "filesize": "315007", "filename": "1927.171_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.171/1927.171_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2525", "filesize": "4092398", "filename": "1927.171_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.171/1927.171_full.tif", "width": "7578", "height": "5627", "filesize": "127955644", "filename": "1927.171_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.171/1927.171_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1198", "height": "893", "filesize": "1060656"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.171/1927.171_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2535", "filesize": "7851215"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.171/1927.171_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4789", "height": "3571", "filesize": "51339452"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108999, "creators": [{"id": 3324, "description": "Julian Alden Weir (American, 1852\u20131919)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1852", "death_year": "1919", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-03-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1908, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1908", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Building a Dam"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:40.866000"}, {"id": 147789, "accession_number": "1974.16", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kottabos Element of a Dancing Satyr, 470\u2013450 BCE. Etruscan. Bronze; overall: 15 cm (5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1974.16", "current_location": "102D Pre-Roman", "title": "Kottabos Element of a Dancing Satyr", "creation_date": "470\u2013450 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -470, "creation_date_latest": -450, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Etruscan"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Etruscan", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 15 cm (5 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.15, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1974</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1974-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This lively object was likely used to play a drinking game called <em>kottabos</em>.", "description": "This diminutive dancing satyr, identifiable by his snub nose and equine ears (though without a tail), lifts his leg and reaches with an upstretched arm toward a dish, now lost. The disc and cylinder on which he stands likely rested atop a much taller post, with a larger disc or dish below, as preserved in more complete examples and illustrated on numerous ancient vases. In the drinking game <em>kottabos</em>, known by its Greek name but also popular in Etruria, the goal was to knock a dish off its precarious perch, in this case the hand of the dancing satyr, using only the wine dregs in your cup.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755896"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.16-kottabos-element-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cooney, John D. \u201cWay Stations on the Primrose Path.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 7 (1974).", "page_number": "p. 241, figs.1-2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152536"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n46"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n23"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.16", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.16/1974.16_web.jpg", "width": "510", "height": "893", "filesize": "250405", "filename": "1974.16_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.16/1974.16_print.jpg", "width": "1940", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3064820", "filename": "1974.16_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.16/1974.16_full.tif", "width": "3478", "height": "6096", "filesize": "63626624", "filename": "1974.16_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.16/1974.16_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "481", "height": "893", "filesize": "190343"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.16/1974.16_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1833", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2490884"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.16/1974.16_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3286", "height": "6096", "filesize": "60115336"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:35:14", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "34d0cda5076c4c52a8ce2eecd2d192c6", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/34d0cda5076c4c52a8ce2eecd2d192c6", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147789, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-03-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -470, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "470\u2013450 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Satyr Finial from a Kottabos Stand"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:56.315000"}, {"id": 159163, "accession_number": "1995.351", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lobed Mirror with Heaven and Earth between the Paired Phoenixes (\u96d9\u9cf3\u4e0a\u5713\u4e0b\u65b9\u8475\u82b1\u93e1), mid to late 700s. China, Tang dynasty (618-907). Bronze; diameter: 22.5 cm (8 7/8 in.); overall: 1.1 cm (7/16 in.); rim: 0.7 cm (1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee, 1995.351", "current_location": "239 Chinese Ceramics and Metalwork", "title": "Lobed Mirror with Heaven and Earth between the Paired Phoenixes", "title_in_original_language": "\u96d9\u9cf3\u4e0a\u5713\u4e0b\u65b9\u8475\u82b1\u93e1", "creation_date": "mid to late 700s", "creation_date_earliest": 700, "creation_date_latest": 799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Tang dynasty (618-907)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Tang Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Diameter: 22.5 cm (8 7/8 in.); Overall: 1.1 cm (7/16 in.); Rim: 0.7 cm (1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.225, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "overall": {"height": 0.011, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "rim": {"height": 0.007, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4e0a\u5713\u4e0b\u65b9\uff0c\u8c61\u4e8e\u5929\u5730\u3002\n\u4e2d\u5217\u516b\u586b\uff0c\u5099\u8457\u9670\u967d\u3002\n\u8fb0\u661f\u93ae\u5b9a\uff0c\u65e5\u6708\u8c9e\u660e\u3002\n\u5468\u6d41\u70ba\u6c34\uff0c\u4ee5\u540d\u56db\u7006\u3002\n\u5167\u7f6e\u9023\u5c71\uff0c\u4ee5\u65cc\u738b\u5cb3\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Circle above and square below:\nThese are symbols of heaven and earth.\nIn the middle are the Eight Trigrams,\nMaking clear [the forces of] yin and yang.\nStars and constellations are well aligned;\nThe sun and the moon are virtuous and bright.\nCirculating around [the earth] is water,\nGiving identity to the Four Great Rivers.\nWithin are the mountain ranges,\nTo signify the lordly heights.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 193152, "title": "Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors", "description": "<i>Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17-November 26, 2000); China Institute in America, New York, NY (February 6-June 2, 2002); Elvehjem Museum of Art, Madison, WI (December 20, 2003-February 29, 2004).", "opening_date": "2000-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 219741, "title": "La voie du Tao, un autre chemin de l'Etre", "description": "<i>La voie du Tao, un autre chemin de l'Etre</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (March 29-July 5, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-03-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas and Martha Carter, Madison, WI, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131995", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1995\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This mirror contains cosmological symbolism with heaven represented by a large circle at top and earth by a square at bottom.", "description": "This mirror bears an important inscription as well as symbolic imagery of the Eight Trigrams and Heaven and Earth to express the ancient Chinese cosmological ideas. The inscription reads: <br>Circle above and square below: <br>These are symbolic of heaven and earth. <br>In the middle are the Eight Trigrams. <br>Making clear [the forces of] yin and yang. <br>Stars and constellations are well aligned; <br>The sun and the moon are virtuous and bright. <br>Circulating around [the earth] is water, <br>Giving identity to the Four Great Rivers. <br>Within are the mountain ranges, <br>To signify the lordly heights.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740302"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.351-lobed-mirror-with-he"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi. <em>Circles of Reflection: The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 69, pp. 75-76 and 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahill, Suzanne E. \"The Moon Stopping in the Void: Daoism and the LIterati Ideal in Mirrors of the Tang Dynasty.\" .<em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 9 (2005): 24-41.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 38, fig.15", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079751"}, {"citation": "Delacour, Catherine.<em> La Voie du Tao: un Autre Chemin de L'e\u0302tre : Galeries Nationales, Grand Palais, 29 Mars-5 Juillet 2010</em>. Paris: Reunion des Musees Nationaux, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 136-137, cat. 11.2", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.351", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_web.jpg", "width": "915", "height": "893", "filesize": "653048", "filename": "1995.351_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3320", "filesize": "9205488", "filename": "1995.351_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_full.tif", "width": "5112", "height": "4992", "filesize": "76594108", "filename": "1995.351_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "944", "height": "893", "filesize": "721609"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3218", "filesize": "9730481"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5274", "height": "4992", "filesize": "79019148"}, "date_created": "2009-11-25T14:52:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "893", "height": "893", "filesize": "634842"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7185232"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3723", "height": "3723", "filesize": "41590668"}, "date_created": "2004-03-19T16:17:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "893", "height": "893", "filesize": "643676"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6844950"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.351/1995.351_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3723", "height": "3723", "filesize": "41597264"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159163, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid to late 700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:14:45.971000"}, {"id": 135469, "accession_number": "1958.46", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase of Flowers, 1916. Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916). Pastel; sheet: 84.1 x 58 cm (33 1/8 x 22 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.46", "current_location": null, "title": "Vase of Flowers", "creation_date": "1916", "creation_date_earliest": 1916, "creation_date_latest": 1916, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "pastel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 84.1 x 58 cm (33 1/8 x 22 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.841, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.58, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on base of flower: ODILON REDON", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312527, "title": "Autumn Flower Show", "description": "<i>Autumn Flower Show</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-December 1, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-11-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311904, "title": "Odilon Redon (1840-1916): Pastels and Drawings", "description": "<i>Odilon Redon (1840-1916): Pastels and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 29, 1951-January 20, 1952); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (February 1-March 1, 1952).", "opening_date": "1951-10-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309840, "title": "Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones", "description": "<i>Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 21-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202597, "title": "Imagining the Garden", "description": "<i>Imagining the Garden</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2015-March 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283693, "title": "Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 393854, "title": "Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon", "description": "<i>Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2021-January 23, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>European &amp; American Paintings. </em>New York World's Fair (May - October 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Masterpieces of Painting</em>. Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (February 5 - March 8, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-02-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Kahn, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., New York, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr., Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Seligmann inventory no. 6413.</div>"], "date": "?-1937", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937-1958", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Redon was inspired to depict flowers after meeting the botanist Armand Clavaud, a cataloguer of plant species in the artist's native region of Bordeaux", "description": "Inspired by Cleveland\u2019s groundbreaking acquisitions of Odilon Redon\u2019s artworks during the 1920s, local philanthropist and collector Leonard C. Hanna Jr. purchased this luminous pastel of a floral still life in 1937. Hanna acquired it from Jacques Seligmann, a dealer based in New York City and Paris who was fundamental in bringing 19th-century French art to American audiences. In 1939, Hanna loaned the pastel to the New York World\u2019s Fair, where it represented Redon\u2019s work. Those who saw it there were attracted to the vivid color and timeless subject, which preoccupied the artist at the end of his life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80028740"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.46-vase-of-flowers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pach, Walter. <em>Catalogue of European &amp; American Paintings, 1500-1900</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Masterpieces of Art, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 238, no. 352; Reproduced: p. 237", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Masterpieces of Painting</em>. Exh. Cat. Montreal: Museum of Fine Arts, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Odilon Redon, 1840-1916</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marcus, Margaret Fairbanks. <em>Flower Painting by the Great Masters</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1954.", "page_number": "Reproduced: plate 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Great Show of French Masters: Cleveland Celebrates Legacy of Hanna Collection.\" <em>Life </em>45, no. 8 (August 25, 1958).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Klaus. <em>Odilon Redon: Fantasy and Colour</em>. Trans. Michael Bullock. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 218, no. 498", "url": null}, {"citation": "Selz, Peter. <em>Art in Our Times: A Pictorial History 1890-1980</em>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Alec. <em>Odilon Redon, catalogue raisonn\u00e9 de l'oeuvre peint et dessin\u00e9</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. III, p. 139, no. 1565", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"Bits of Rainbows: Odilon Redon's <em>Vase of Flowers</em> and the Power of Enlightenment.\" <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> (January/February 2016): 5-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5, 7; Reproduced: p. 6", "url": "http://www.clevelandart.org/magazine/cleveland-art-januaryfebruary-2016/bite-rainbows"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 90", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Wildenstein 1565", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.46", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.46/1958.46_web.jpg", "width": "566", "height": "900", "filesize": "174087", "filename": "1958.46_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.46/1958.46_print.jpg", "width": "2137", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1920125", "filename": "1958.46_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.46/1958.46_full.tif", "width": "4840", "height": "7701", "filesize": "111849884", "filename": "1958.46_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.46/1958.46_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "579", "height": "900", "filesize": "229982"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.46/1958.46_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2186", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3235922"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.46/1958.46_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2846", "height": "4427", "filesize": "37823792"}, "date_created": "2015-06-03T16:11:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.46/1958.46_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "573", "height": "900", "filesize": "236316"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.46/1958.46_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1305", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2305991"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.46/1958.46_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1305", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8020836"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135469, "creators": [{"id": 1748, "description": "Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leader of the symbolist movement in France, Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux in 1840 and grew up in the surrounding region. During his early years he studied drawing, architecture, and the violin. A friendship with Armand Clavaud, a local botanist and philosopher, stimulated Redon's passion for romantic art and literature. In 1864, after a brief and discouraging period of instruction with G\u00e9r\u00f4me in Paris, Redon returned to Bordeaux, where he studied printmaking with Rodolphe Bresdin (1825-1885). Deploring the emphasis on rational, phenomenal experience in academic and naturalist art, Redon turned for inspiration to the imaginative paintings of Delacroix, the prints of Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya (1746-1828), and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire. In 1870, after military service in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon settled in Paris and produced his first <em>Noirs</em>. These visionary images, featuring floating eyes and severed heads born aloft on wings, reflect Redon's belief in the superiority of the imagination and fantasy, which he considered \"the messenger of the unconscious.\" After producing his initial <em>Noirs </em>in charcoal, Redon discovered a method of transferring his drawings to lithography in 1876. Throughout the 1880s he continued to use charcoal, etching, and lithography as his primary media, and he produced twelve lithography albums before abandoning the genre in the late 1890s. During the 1880s Redon emerged as a leader of the symbolist reaction against impressionism. The publication in 1879 of his first lithographic album, <em>Dans le r\u00eave</em>, followed by his first solo exhibition in 1881, attracted the admiration of J. K. Huysmans, who included illustrations by Redon in his novel <em>\u00c0 rebours</em> (1884). Around the same time, Redon developed a personal and artistic relationship with poet St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. Increasingly drawn into the public arena, Redon helped organize the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants in 1884. In 1886 he participated in the last impressionist exhibition and began showing with Les XX in Brussels. Redon's antinaturalist, visionary, art inspired many symbolist and Nabi artists, including Gauguin and Vuillard. Maurice Denis praised Redon as \"our Mallarm\u00e9,\" and in 1892 critic Albert Aurier described Redon as a leader of the new \"idealistic\" tendency in art. After 1890 the focus of Redon's activity shifted from monochromatic drawings and prints toward exploring color in richly worked pastels. His innovations in luminous color, as seen in the pastel and oil paintings he exhibited at the Galeries Durand-Ruel in 1900 were greatly admired by Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and the Fauves. Awarded the Legion of Honor in 1903, Redon continued his leadership role in the avant-garde and in 1904 became a founding member of the Salon d'Automne. In 1913 forty of his works were selected for exhibition in the Armory Show, the most by any artist. Redon died at his home in Paris in the summer of 1916.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1916, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1916", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:55:18.914000"}, {"id": 135445, "accession_number": "1958.44", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Woman with a Cape, early 1901. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Oil on canvas; framed: 92.4 x 69.9 x 7.9 cm (36 3/8 x 27 1/2 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 73 x 50.2 cm (28 3/4 x 19 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.44. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Woman with a Cape", "creation_date": "early 1901", "creation_date_earliest": 1901, "creation_date_latest": 1901, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 92.4 x 69.9 x 7.9 cm (36 3/8 x 27 1/2 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 73 x 50.2 cm (28 3/4 x 19 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.924, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.699, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.079, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.73, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.502, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper left: \"Picasso-\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 515959, "title": "La Peinture Francaise dans les Collections Americaines", "description": "<i>La Peinture Francaise dans les Collections Americaines</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (organizer) (May 13-September 15, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-05-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443832, "title": "Els Quatre Gats: Art in Barcelona Around 1900", "description": "<i>Els Quatre Gats: Art in Barcelona Around 1900</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (January 28-March 26, 1978); Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C., DC (April 14-June 26, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-01-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 177096, "title": "Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906", "description": "<i>Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (March 30-July 27, 1997); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (September 10, 1997-January 4, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-03-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 217043, "title": "Picasso", "description": "<i>Picasso</i>. Bunkamura Museum of Art, Tokyo (July 4-September 6, 1998); Nagoya City Art Museum (September 15-November 29, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-07-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283935, "title": "Picasso/Lautrec", "description": "<i>Picasso/Lautrec</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (October 17, 2017-January 21, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 371410, "title": "Picasso: Painting the Blue Period", "description": "<i>Picasso: Painting the Blue Period</i>. Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (October 9, 2021-January 5, 2022); The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (February 26-June 12, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-10-09T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Paris, France, 1919, sold to John Quinn, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "John Quinn [1870-1924], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Demotte Collection, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Robert Lebel [1901-1986] Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1935-1937", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Reinhardt Gallery and Courvoisier Galleries, San Francisco, CA)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1937", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hannah, Jr. [1889-1957] Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art,", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Careful analysis of this painting reveals that Picasso used three different sized brushes: a wide one for the background and dress, a narrower one for the hat, and a smaller pointed one for the face.", "description": "Pablo Picasso created this portrait of an artist\u2019s model named Jeanne in the spring of 1901 when he was 20 years old, in preparation for his first exhibition in Paris held at the Galerie Vollard where he displayed more than 65 paintings and drawings. The bold brushwork and lively palette in works such as Woman with a Cape were noted by a contemporary critic who described Picasso\u2019s style as \u201clively, precocious.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465142"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.44-woman-with-a-cape"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n219"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cPablo Picasso: Bouteille, Verre, et Fourchette.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 7 (September 1972): 195\u2013203.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 195-196, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152438"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n261"}, {"citation": "Chipp, Herschel Browning, Alan Wofsy, and Fernand Mourlot. <em>Picasso's paintings, watercolors, drawings and sculpture: a comprehensive illustrated catalogue, 1885-1973</em>. San Francisco, CA: Alan Wofsy Fine Arts, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154, fig. 191-197", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCully, Marilyn, ed. and Natasha Elena Staller. <em>Picasso--the Early Years, 1892-1906</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukaya, Katsunori. <em>Pikaso ten: kaikan 10-shu\u0304nen kinen = Pablo Picasso : 10th anniversary</em>. Toyko, Japan: Chu\u0304nichi Shinbunsha, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Serraller, Francisco Calvo and Paloma Alarco\u0301. <em>Picasso, Lautrec.</em> Madrid: Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93, cat. no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Blue Room and Related Works.\" In <em>Picasso: Painting the Blue Period.</em> Kenneth Brummel, and Susan Behrends Frank, eds., 114-155. New York: DelMonico Books \u00b7 D.A.P.; Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Art Gallery of Ontario, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 131", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.44", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 135445, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1901, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1901", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Jeanneton"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:49:37.287000"}, {"id": 143477, "accession_number": "1967.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "An October Day in the White Mountains, 1854. John Frederick Kensett (American, 1816\u20131872). Oil on canvas; framed: 107.6 x 152.1 x 12.7 cm (42 3/8 x 59 7/8 x 5 in.); unframed: 79.8 x 123.5 cm (31 7/16 x 48 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund and various donors by exchange, 1967.5", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "An October Day in the White Mountains", "creation_date": "1854", "creation_date_earliest": 1854, "creation_date_latest": 1854, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 107.6 x 152.1 x 12.7 cm (42 3/8 x 59 7/8 x 5 in.); Unframed: 79.8 x 123.5 cm (31 7/16 x 48 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.076, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.521, "width_inch": 59, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.127, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.798, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.235, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"JF.K. 54 [JF in monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517455, "title": "John Frederick Kensett", "description": "<i>John Frederick Kensett</i>. Schick Art Gallery, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY (organizer) (April 13-May 3, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, The National Academy of Design, 1855.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Saratoga Springs, NY, Hathorn Gallery, Skidmore College, John Frederick Kensett: A Retrospective Exhibition (13 April-3 May 1967), cat. no. 6, illus. fig. no. 4.", "opening_date": "1967-04-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Visions of Landscape: East and West (17 February-21 March 1982)", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Worcester, Worcester Art Museum, John Frederick Kensett: An American Master (24 March-9 June 1985); traveled to Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (11 July-8 September 1985); to New York City, The Metropolitan Museum of Art (29 October 1985-19 January 1986), cat. not numbered, illus. plate 5.", "opening_date": "1985-03-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sloan & Roman, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the \n Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->It is not known precisely how and when Sloan &amp; Roman acquired the painting, although an unsourced reference in the museum's curatorial file from 1968 states that the gallery purchased the painting at a warehouse sale in Bronxville, New York.&nbsp; A search of <em>Art Prices Current</em> from 1907-1973 yielded no mention of this painting, and its traceable whereabouts after leaving the collection of George Talbot Olyphant until its acquisition by Sloan &amp; Roman remain unknown.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "UNtil 1967", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "George Talbot Olyphant [1819-1873], New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->&nbsp;The 1858 catalogue of the Annual Exhibition of the Washington Art Association lists \u201cT. Olyphant\u201d as the \u201cpossessor\u201d of this painting, most likely referring to Robert Olyphant\u2019s brother, George Talbot Olyphant, president of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, who went by \u201cTalbot.\u201d&nbsp; The circumstances under which the painting passed from Robert to Talbot are not known.&nbsp; Also unknown is the disposition of the painting after Talbot\u2019s death; the posthumous 1875 sale of his collection does not include this painting.&nbsp; Apparently the painting did not make its way back to Robert after Talbot\u2019s death, because sales of Robert\u2019s collection held in 1877 and (posthumously) 1919 do not include it.</div>"], "date": "by 1858?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Robert Morrison Olyphant [1824-1918], New York, NY, probably to his brother, George Talbot Olyphant", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1John F. Kensett\u2019s register of paintings sold shows that Robert Morrison Olyphant, a close friend and patron of the artist, purchased the painting in 1855 for $500. It was purchased shortly after the National Academy of Design exhibition of that year, the catalogue of which does not indicate the painting was for sale, as was the case with other works in the exhibition.&nbsp;</div><div><!--block--><br></div><ul><li><!--block--><br></li></ul>"], "date": "1855-probably 1858", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Kensett was a selfless individual known for his charity work and helping fellow artists.", "description": "After railroad service to the area was improved in the early 1850s, the White Mountains in New Hampshire became a favored destination for tourists and artists seeking to commune with nature. New York-based Kensett painted several views, including this distant rendering across the Saco River of Mount Chocorua, one of the most distinctive peaks in the region.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21711799"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.5-an-october-day-in-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mark Sullivan, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 13, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cobb, Josephine. <em>The Washington Art Association: An Exhibition Record, 1856-1860</em>. [Washington, D.C.]: [Columbia Historical Society], 1969.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "John F. Kensett Papers, Register: Paintings sold 1848-1861; 1865-1866; 1868-1872, The Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Microfilm reel N68-85.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cYear in Review.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 10 (December 1967): 302\u2013346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 322; Mentioned: p. 343, no. 57", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183"}, {"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report for 1967.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 6 (June 1968): 167\u2013205.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 177-178", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152218"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 185", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n209"}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 119", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n248"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.5/1967.5_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "818", "filesize": "718055", "filename": "1967.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.5/1967.5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2201", "filesize": "5131469", "filename": "1967.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.5/1967.5_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3237", "filesize": "48578588", "filename": "1967.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.5/1967.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1230", "height": "893", "filesize": "818025"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.5/1967.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2468", "filesize": "5633727"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.5/1967.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3555", "height": "2581", "filesize": "27561812"}, "date_created": "2009-09-02T13:19:23", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund and various donors by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 143477, "creators": [{"id": 2729, "description": "John Frederick Kensett (American, 1816\u20131872)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1816", "death_year": "1872", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1854, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1854", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:22:19.266000"}, {"id": 141932, "accession_number": "1965.471", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Baptism of Christ, designed 1645\u201346, probably made 1650\u201355. Alessandro Algardi (Italian, 1598\u20131654). Bronze; overall: 62.5 x 46.8 x 33.4 cm (24 5/8 x 18 7/16 x 13 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1965.471", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Baptism of Christ", "creation_date": "designed 1645\u201346, probably made 1650\u201355", "creation_date_earliest": 1645, "creation_date_latest": 1646, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 62.5 x 46.8 x 33.4 cm (24 5/8 x 18 7/16 x 13 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.625, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.468, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.334, "depth_inch": 13, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 189675, "title": "Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections", "description": "<i>Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-April 12, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 218884, "title": "Alessandro Algardi:  Lo scultore e i suoi committenti nella Roma del Seicento (Alessandro Algardi:  The  Sculpture and His Clients in Seventeenth-century Rome)", "description": "<i>Alessandro Algardi:  Lo scultore e i suoi committenti nella Roma del Seicento (Alessandro Algardi:  The  Sculpture and His Clients in Seventeenth-century Rome)</i>. Palazzo delle Esposizioni, Rome (January 20-April 30, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-01-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Sculpture</em>. London, United Kingdom, P. &amp; D. Colnaghi Co., Ltd. (1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Franzoni (Fransone, Franzone) Family (Genoa, Italy);", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Charles Butler (Warren Wood, England); by inheritance to his heirs;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "C. H. A. Butler, his grandson (Shortgrove, Newport, Essex, England) (sold, Christie's, London, June 2, 1964, lot no. 66, to P. & D. Colnaghi & Co., Ltd.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "P. & D. Colnaghi & Co., Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1965.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Algardi's sculpture plays on its intended recipient's given name: Giovanni Battista (John the Baptist).", "description": "When Innocent X (Giovanni Battista Pamphili, ruled 1644\u201355) became pope, Alessandro Algardi endeavored to obtain his patronage. This bronze Baptism of Christ is a casting from the molds used for an original silver sculpture that Algardi presented to the new pope to gain his support in 1646. The composition depicts an important scene in the life of Christ. On the right is John the Baptist, who pours water onto Jesus's head from a shell. As Christ bows his head to be baptized, a little angel holds the edge of his cloak. Algardi worked carefully to make this piece exciting from a number of points of view. Its dramatic emphasis shifts, depending on the viewer's vantage point.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753849"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.471-baptism-of-christ"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Corazzini, Giuseppe Odoardo. <em>Memorie Storiche della Famiglia Fransoni.</em> Firenze: Giuliani, 1873.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 73", "url": "https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_yFgW0q9jcEMC"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Goldlen Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LIII</em>, no. 9 (September, 1966):181-285.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 218; Mentioned: p. 277, no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burton, Richard. \"Fifty Years of Cleveland: Some Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>The Connoisseur </em>CLXIII (October 1966): 128-135.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 132-133, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d June 22, 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1491"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em> ARTNews </em>(September 1966): 30-44, 62-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 43; reproduced: P. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> XXX, no. 1 (Spring 1967): 63-89.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 68; mentioned: P. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n139"}, {"citation": "Raggio, Olga. \"Alessandro Algardi e gli Stucchi di Villa Pamphili.\"<em> Paragone: Mensile di Arte Figurativa e Letteratura </em>XXII, no. 251 (January 1971): 3-38.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 17; P. 35, n. 87, 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montagu, Jennifer. \"Le Bapteme du Christ d'Alessandro Algardi.\" <em>Revue de l'Art </em>15 (1972): 64-78.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 65, fig. 1; P. 67, fig. 6; P. 70, fig. 10; P. 71, fig. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Theuerkauff, Christian. <em>Zu Francis van Bossuit (1635-1692), \"beeldsnyder in yvoor\". </em>Ko\u0308ln: M. Dumont Schauberg, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 129, abb. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz. <em>Kunst des Barock in der Toskana: Studien zur Kunst unter den letzten Medici</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Bruckmann, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 132-133; P. 135, n. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n159"}, {"citation": "Olsen, Harald. <em>\u00c6ldre udenlandsk skulptur</em>. K\u00f8benhavn, Denmark: Statens Museum for Kunst, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14, vol. I; Reproduced: pl. 88, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Vatican Collections: The Papacy and Art</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art: N.H. Abrams, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88, no. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montagu, Jennifer. \"Alessandro Algardi's Saint Peter and Saint Paul and the Patronage of the Franzoni Family.\" <em>Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts </em>LXI, no. 1-2 (Summer 1983): 18-29.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montagu, Jennifer. <em>Alessandro Algardi</em>. New Haven, CT: Published in association with the J. Paul Getty Trust by Yale University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 311-312, pl. 67; Details: p. 80, figs. 74-76, vol. I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lavoie, Francine. <em>Dessins italiens du XVIIe sie\u0300cle du Muse\u0301e des Offices de Florence = Italian XVIIth-century drawings from the Uffizi Gallery in Florence</em>. Montre\u0301al, Ontario: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts de Montre\u0301al, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. <em>Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Thesis Ph.D., Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University,1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>La Scultura a Genova e in Liguria</em>. Genova, Italy: Fratelli Pagano, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. II, p. 96, fig. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bergman, Robert P., Diane DeGrazia, and Stephen N. Fliegel. <em>Vatican Treasures: Early Christian, Renaissance, and Baroque Art from the Papal Collections : an Exhibition in Honor of the Sesquicentenary of the Diocese of Cleveland</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 111, no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferrari, Oreste, and Serenita Papaldo. <em>Le sculture del Seicento a Roma</em>. Roma, Italy: Ugo Bozzi, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 588", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montagu, Jennifer. <em>Algardi: l'altra faccia del barocco : Roma, Palazzo delle esposizioni, 21 gennaio-30 aprile 1999</em>. Roma, Italy: Edizioni De Luca, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165, no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39; Mentioned: p. 117", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.471", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.471/1965.471_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "893", "filesize": "398245", "filename": "1965.471_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.471/1965.471_print.jpg", "width": "3009", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5490851", "filename": "1965.471_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.471/1965.471_full.tif", "width": "4374", "height": "4942", "filesize": "64888136", "filename": "1965.471_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.471/1965.471_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "884", "filesize": "180771"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.471/1965.471_alt0_print.jpg", "width": 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"893", "filesize": "422251"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.471/1965.471_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2995", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6510196"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.471/1965.471_alt8_full.tif", "width": "4124", "height": "4682", "filesize": "57964464"}, "date_created": "2008-05-16T13:45:52", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141932, "creators": [{"id": 5500, "description": "Alessandro Algardi (Italian, 1598\u20131654)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1598", "death_year": "1654", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1645, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "designed 1645\u201346, probably made 1650\u201355", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:19.688000"}, {"id": 125586, "accession_number": "1947.507", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Twelve Medallions Mounted as a Necklace, c. 1400. France, Paris. Enameled gold, precious stones, and pearls; some later additions with modern chain; diameter: 4.5 x 1.6 cm (1 3/4 x 5/8 in.); part 1: 70.9 cm (27 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1947.507", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Twelve Medallions Mounted as a Necklace", "creation_date": "c. 1400", "creation_date_earliest": 1395, "creation_date_latest": 1405, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "enameled gold, precious stones, and pearls; some later additions with modern chain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Diameter: 4.5 x 1.6 cm (1 3/4 x 5/8 in.); Part 1: 70.9 cm (27 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.045, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.016, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "part 1": {"length": 0.709, "length_inch": 27, "length_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518197, "title": "Masterpieces of Flemish Art: Van Eyck to Bosch", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Flemish Art: Van Eyck to Bosch</i>. Groeningemuseum, Bruges, Bruges, Belgium (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 26-September 11, 1960); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (co-organizer) (October 18-December 31, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518973, "title": "Masterpieces of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Art</i>. Century 21 Exposition, Seattle, WA (organizer) (April 21-September 4, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361650, "title": "The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400", "description": "<i>The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 23-December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444712, "title": "The Secular Spirit: Life and Art at the End of the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>The Secular Spirit: Life and Art at the End of the Middle Ages</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 28-June 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309581, "title": "Master Goldsmiths of the Renaissance: Their Models and Designs", "description": "<i>Master Goldsmiths of the Renaissance: Their Models and Designs</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 2, 1982-March 20, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 217179, "title": "Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI", "description": "<i>Paris 1400. les arts sous Charles VI</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (March 22-July 19, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 186370, "title": "Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)", "description": "<i>Dukes and Angels: Art from the Court of Burgundy (1364-1419)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207370, "title": "The Art of Illumination: The Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry", "description": "<i>The Art of Illumination: The Belles Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 1-June 13, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203147, "title": "Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain", "description": "<i>Myth and Mystique: Cleveland's Gothic Table Fountain</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2016-February 26, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>French Gothic Art</em>, The Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit, MI: The Detroit Institute of Art, (November 16 - December 6, 1928).", "opening_date": "1928-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Gold</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 30, 1947-January 11, 1948).", "opening_date": "1947-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Le Si\u00e8cle des Pritifs Flamands (Flanders in the Fifteenth Century: Art and Civilization)</em>, Muse\u00e9 Communal des Beaux-Arts, Bruges (26 June-11 September 1960); The Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit MI (October-December 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art, </em>Seattle World's Fair Century 21 Exposition, Seattle Washington (April 21-September 4, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The International Style</em>, Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, MD (October 23 - December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Secular Spirit: Life and Art at the End of the Middle Ages</em>, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters, New York (Nov. 16, 1974-Jan. 12, 1975).", "opening_date": "1974-11-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(G. J. Demotte, New York, NY, sold to Joseph Brummer)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1936", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Joseph Brummer, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936-1947", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1947-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2313.1947"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "These medallions, which have loops on the backs, must have originally been sewn onto a garment or, more likely, a woman\u2019s headpiece. In spite of the modern chain to which they are now attached, the medallions are unique items of feminine apparel from around 1400. Such items would have been well known at the courts of the Valois in Paris, Bourges, and Dijon. The central medallion with a \u201cwhite lady\u201d is enameled \u201cin the round\u201d\u2013\u2013a new Parisian technique for enameling irregular or three-dimensional surfaces. Such white lady medallions are described in inventories of the period", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749590"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.507-twelve-medallions-mo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Taburet-Delahaye, \u00c9lisabeth. \"Parures et bijoux de la reine Isabeau de Bavi\u00e8re.\" Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Antiquaires de France (Ann\u00e9e 2008, 2002): 242\u2013269.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.persee.fr/doc/bsnaf_0081-1181_2008_num_2002_1_10611"}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts.<em> The Seventh Loan Exhibition; French Gothic Art of the 13th to 15th Century. Nov. 16 to Dec. 5, 1928. </em>[Detroit]: Institute of Arts, 1928.", "page_number": "no. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>La Perle </em>(September 10, 1928).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Art News </em>(December 1, 1928).", "page_number": "p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Brummer Gallery Records. Cloisters (Museum), n.d.", "page_number": "P13127", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16028coll9/id/40533/rec/1"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 34, no. 9 (1947).", "page_number": "p. 228", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Art of the Goldsmith.\" <em>The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism</em> 6, no. 4 (1948).", "page_number": "p. 321, fig. 6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/426958"}, {"citation": "Steingra\u0308ber, Erich and Theodor M\u00fcller. \"Die Franzo\u0308sische Goldemailplastik um 1400\" <em>M\u00fcnchner Jahrbuch der bildenen Kunst</em> V (1954).", "page_number": "p. 76, no. 26, fig. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Early Byzantine Silver.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 45, no. 3 (1958)", "page_number": "p. 57", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142265"}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts, and Stedelijk Museum van Schoone Kunsten (Bruges). <em>Le siecle des primitifs flamands: exposition organisee par L'Administration communale de Bruges et The Detroit Institute of arts, Detroit, Michigan, USA, au Musee communal des beaux-arts (Musee Groeninge) 26 Juin-11 septembre 1960.</em> Bruges: Presses Saint-Augustin, 1960.", "page_number": "no. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts.<em> Flanders in the Fifteenth Century: Art and Civilization. Catalogue of the Exhibition Masterpieces of Flemish Art: Van Eyck to Bosch. </em>1960.", "page_number": "no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Century 21 Exposition, and William Mathewson Milliken. <em>Masterpieces of Art: Fine Arts Pavilion, April 21 to September 4, 1962</em> : Catalogue : Seattle World's Fair, April 21 to October 21, 1962. [Seattle, Wash.]: Century 21 Expositions, 1962.", "page_number": "pp. 32-3, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.). <em>The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400;</em> [Exhibition]: October 23-December 2, 1962, / B. [Baltimore, Md.]: Walters Art Gallery, 1962.", "page_number": "no. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n86"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France. </em>[Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "pp. 252-3, 376, cat. no. VI-19", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n279"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n86"}, {"citation": "Ang\u00e9la H\u00e9jj-D\u00e9t\u00e1ri, \"Rekonstruktion der gotischen Prunkette einer ungarischen k\u00f6nigen\" <em>Actes du XXII\u00b0 Cong\u00e8s international d'Histoire de l'Art</em>, vol. II (Budapest, 1969).", "page_number": "p. 644, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). <em>The Secular Spirit: Life and Art at the End of the Middle Ages. </em>New York: Dutton, 1975.", "page_number": "p. 88, cat. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. <em>The Patronage of Philippe Le Hardi, Duke of Burgundy, 1364-1404</em>. 1976.", "page_number": "p. 978, no. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n90"}, {"citation": "Prevenier, Walter, Willem Pieter Blockmans, <em>An Blockmans-Delva, and Richard Vaughan.</em> The Burgundian Netherlands. Antwerp: Fonds Mercator, 1985.", "page_number": "pp. 90-1, no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. L<em>a bibliothe\u0300que de Philippe le Hardi, duc de Bourgogne (1364-1404): e\u0301tude sur les manuscrits a\u0300 peintures d'une collection princie\u0300re a\u0300 l'e\u0301poque du \"style gothique international\". </em>Paris: Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 97, 107, fig. 191", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giusti, Paola, \"Smaltri per le Corti,\" <em>Casa Vogue Antiques</em>, no. 3 (March 1989).", "page_number": "p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Evans, Joan. <em>A History of Jewellery</em>, 1100-1870. New York: Dover, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 79, pl. 33a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lightbown, R. W.<em> Mediaeval European Jewellery: With a Catalogue of the Collection in the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum. </em>[London]: Published by the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 169, fig. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stanbury, Sarah. <em>Pearl</em>. Kalamazoo, Mich: Published for TEAMS by Medieval Institute Publications, 2001.", "page_number": "p. viii", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Sophie Jugie, and Virginie Barthe\u0301le\u0301my. <em>Art from the Court of Burgundy: The Patronage of Philip the Bold and John the Fearless 1364-1419 : </em>Muse\u0301e Des Beaux-Arts De Dijon, May 28-September 15, 2004, the Cleveland Museum of Art, October 24, 2004-January 9, 2005. [Dijon]: Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 48, Cat. no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre. <em>Paris, 1400: les arts sous Charles VI. </em>[Paris]: Fayard, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 164, no. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Gothic Art 1360-1440.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963).", "page_number": "no. 35, p. 175", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen. \"Patronage and the Burgundian Court, 1364-1419\" <em>The Magazine Antiques</em> (October 2004).", "page_number": "p. 145, pls. V-Va", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taburet-Delahaye, Elisabeth. \"L'eclat nouveau de l'orfevrerie,\" Dossier de l'Art, 107 (June 2004).", "page_number": "p. 34-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., \"Piety and Power\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 08, October 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-08/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Stuard, Susan Mosher. <em>Gilding the Market: Luxury and Fashion in Fourteenth-Century Italy</em>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.", "page_number": "plate 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 200-01, no. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein.<em> Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 210, cat. no. 76", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.507", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.507/1947.507_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "893", "filesize": "372789", "filename": "1947.507_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.507/1947.507_print.jpg", "width": "2852", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5392340", "filename": "1947.507_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.507/1947.507_full.tif", "width": "4036", "height": "4812", "filesize": "58293612", "filename": "1947.507_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.507/1947.507_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "893", "filesize": "315021"}, "print": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.507/1947.507_alt10_print.jpg", "width": "2366", "height": "1860", "filesize": "2742591"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.507/1947.507_alt10_full.tif", "width": "2366", "height": "1860", "filesize": "13223220"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125586, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1395, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1400", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:59:01.965000"}, {"id": 94681, "accession_number": "1915.338", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Deity Earrings with Vishnu on Garuda (front) and chepu (monster mask) (back), 1600s or 1700s. Nepal, Kathmandu Valley. Gold set with precious and semi-precious stones; overall: 9.5 x 6.9 cm (3 3/4 x 2 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1915.338", "current_location": null, "title": "Pair of Deity Earrings with Vishnu on Garuda (front) and chepu (monster mask) (back)", "creation_date": "1600s or 1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1600, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Nepal, Kathmandu Valley"], "technique": "Gold set with precious and semi-precious stones", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Nepalese Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 9.5 x 6.9 cm (3 3/4 x 2 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.095, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.069, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Jeptha Homer Wade II [1857\u20131926] and Mrs. Ellen Garretson Wade [1859\u20131917], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131915", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1915\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These larger-than-life earrings would hang on a deity statue in a Nepalese temple, rather than worn by a person.", "description": "A green Vishnu with four arms, each holding his attributes of discus (his upper right hand), mace (upper left), lotus (lower right), and conch (in pearl, lower left) rides on a coral Garuda with lapis wings, arms outstretched. The blue figures on either side are probably celestial beings praising him in dance postures, with one leg crossed over the other. On the back sides, delicate filigree floral scrolls form the backdrop of a protective mask popular in the Nepal; a sun over a crescent moon are inlaid above his head.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79475198"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.338-pair-of-deity-earrin"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.338", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.338/1915.338_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "636", "filesize": "192060", "filename": "1915.338_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.338/1915.338_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2403", "filesize": "1792290", "filename": "1915.338_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.338/1915.338_full.tif", "width": "7570", "height": "5351", "filesize": "121551392", "filename": "1915.338_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.338/1915.338_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "610", "filesize": "186465"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.338/1915.338_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2304", "filesize": "1753992"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.338/1915.338_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7704", "height": "5221", "filesize": "120697596"}, "date_created": "2017-01-11T11:22:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 94681, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1915-10-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1600, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1600s or 1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pair of Earrings Decorated with Vishnu or Garuda"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:02:16.316000"}, {"id": 129250, "accession_number": "1952.14", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Panel: Spring, c. 1715. Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627). Savonnerie knotted-pile (144 symmetrical rug knots per square inch); wool, hemp; overall: 274.3 x 219.7 cm (108 x 86 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1952.14", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Panel: Spring", "creation_date": "c. 1715", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1717, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, early 18th century"], "technique": "Savonnerie knotted-pile (144 symmetrical rug knots per square inch); wool, hemp", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Tapestry", "measurements": "Overall: 274.3 x 219.7 cm (108 x 86 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.743, "height_inch": 108, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 2.197, "width_inch": 86, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517563, "title": "France in the 18th Century", "description": "<i>France in the 18th Century</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 5-March 3, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Three French Reigns: Louis XIV, XV and XVI. London, UK (February 21-April 5, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chefs d'oeuvre de l'art francais. Palais National des Arts: Exposition Internationale, Paris, France (1937).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Five Centuries of History Mirrored in Five Centuries of French Art. Pavillon de la France, 1939 New York's World Fair, New York (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Winter Exhibition 1968: France in the Eighteenth Century. London, Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (January 6-March 3, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gallery 215 textile rotation. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 15, 2008 June 14, 2010); (June 27, 2011-June 10, 2013); (May 22, 2014-June 27, 2016); (December 14, 2018- ).", "opening_date": "2011-06-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "formed part of original suite of tapestries and furniture made for marriage of Isabella Merode-Westerloo and Franz Joseph Czernin de Chaudnitz in 1717; remained in the family until 1930 or 1931, when they were sold to a dealer. (A. & R. Ball, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 124763, "description": "Savonnerie Panel: Autumn, c. 1717. Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627). Knotted pile, silk and wool; overall: 297.2 x 218.5 cm (117 x 86 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1946.247", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Courtiers and aristocrats anxious to model their lifestyles on the king also commissioned works from the same state manufactories that produced tapestries, carpets, and upholstery for the French monarchy. Established in the early 1600s, the Savonnerie factory provided both domestic furnishings for the king\u2019s palaces and diplomatic gifts for foreign heads of state. The double coat of arms in this tapestry suggests that it was made for a count and countess who married in 1717. One of a group of four tapestries depicting the seasons, this work depicts the abundant flora and fauna of spring. The Cleveland Museum of Art rotates this tapestry with another from this group. The other two tapestries in the suite can be seen at the Toledo Museum of Art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746401"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.14-panel-spring"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 291", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n58"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n195"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 133", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.14", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.14/1952.14_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "632817", "filename": "1952.14_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.14/1952.14_print.jpg", "width": "1534", "height": "2048", "filesize": "3264778", "filename": "1952.14_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.14/1952.14_full.tif", "width": "1534", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9428356", "filename": "1952.14_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 129250, "creators": [{"id": 11823, "description": "Royal Savonnerie Manufactory, Chaillot Workshops (French, est. 1627)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-07-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1715", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Savonnerie Panel: Spring"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:40:12.617000"}, {"id": 121946, "accession_number": "1942.247", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Mrs. Leneve, c. 1657. Peter Lely (British, 1618\u20131680). Oil on canvas; framed: 157.5 x 132.5 x 13 cm (62 x 52 3/16 x 5 1/8 in.); unframed: 126.7 x 101.3 cm (49 7/8 x 39 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Otto Miller, 1942.247", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Mrs. Leneve", "creation_date": "c. 1657", "creation_date_earliest": 1652, "creation_date_latest": 1662, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 157.5 x 132.5 x 13 cm (62 x 52 3/16 x 5 1/8 in.); Unframed: 126.7 x 101.3 cm (49 7/8 x 39 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.575, "height_inch": 62, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.325, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.13, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.267, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.013, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "<i>Collecting Drawings in England</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 224000, "title": "Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill", "description": "<i>Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill</i>. Yale Center for British Art, New Haven, CT (organizer) (October 15, 2009-January 2, 2010); Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (March 6-July 4, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Alaska-Yukon Exposition</em>. Seattle, WA (June 1,1909 - October 16, 1909).", "opening_date": "1909-10-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "family of the sitter, by descent to Isabella Leneve", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Isabelle Leneve, by descent to her nephew, Peter Leneve", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Peter Leneve, Norwich, sold to Horace Walpole", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1759", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Horace Walpole [1717-1797] Strawberry Hill, Middlesex, England, to Earl of Waldegrave", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Horace Walpole paid 30 guineas for two portraits of the Leneve family on September 3, 1759, according to document in Yale University's Lewis Walpole Library.</div>"], "date": "1759-1797", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Earls Waldegrave, consigned to Strawberry Hill sale, April 25, 1842, no. 61)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1797-1842", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Robins sale, Strawberry Hill, May 18, 1842, sold to Dommes)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The portrait was sold as lot 61 on the 21st day of the Strawberry Hill sale, May 18, 1842 for \u00a331.10 to Dommes.</div>"], "date": "1842", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Dommes", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Dommes purchased the portrait</div>"], "date": "1842-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Sir Hugh Hume Campbell, Bart., sold at Christie\u2019s, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1894", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, London, June 16, 1894, no. 26, to Prideaux)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1894", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Prideaux", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Prideaux purchased the portrait at the Christie's London sale on June 16, 1984 unframed for \u00a339.18</div>"], "date": "1894-1909?", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "R. C. Vose and N. M. Vose, Boston, sold to Mrs. Otto Miller", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1909-1915", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Mrs. Otto Miller, Cleveland, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1915-1942", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 14}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 151659, "description": "Sketch of Interior Design, before 1918. August Frederick Biehle, Sr. (American, 1854\u20131918). Watercolor; image: 71.1 x 40.7 cm (28 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Frederick A. Biehle, 1984.1057", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Long, slender fingers signified aristocratic elegance when this portrait was painted.", "description": "<br>This woman\u2019s heavily lidded eyes, fleshy chin, and slender fingers conform to 17th-century ideals of beauty, but when the museum acquired this painting in 1942, her features had been extensively overpainted to bring her more in line with modern standards of beauty. This later intervention included lowering the sitter\u2019s eyebrows, reducing her prominent eyes and lips, and adding curls to make her forehead appear smaller. Mrs. Leneve now appears as the fashionable artist Peter Lely originally intended.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514729"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.247-portrait-of-mrs-lene"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Snodin, Michael, ed.  Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. p. 309, cat. 140.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Merchant Taylors' Company (London, England), and Frederick Morris Fry. <em>A Historical Catalogue of the Pictures, Herse-Cloths &amp; Tapestry at Merchant Taylors' Hall With a List of the Sculptures &amp; Engravings</em>. London, United Kingdom: Chapman and Hall, 1907.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"The Portrait of Sarah Earle by Sir Peter Lely.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXI</em>, no. 10 (December, 1944): 177-180.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n25"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 470", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n86"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n151"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n151"}, {"citation": "A description of the villa of Mr. Horace Walpole : youngest son of Sir Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford, at Strawberry-Hill near Twickenham, Middlesex. London, United Kingdom: T. Kirgate, 1784.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n189"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204; Mentioned: p. 205-206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Snodin, Michael, and Cynthia E. Roman. <em>Horace Walpole's Strawberry Hill</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135, fig. 155; p. 309", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.247", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.247/1942.247_web.jpg", "width": "712", "height": "893", "filesize": "368758", "filename": "1942.247_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.247/1942.247_print.jpg", "width": "2709", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5393725", "filename": "1942.247_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.247/1942.247_full.tif", "width": "4426", "height": "5555", "filesize": "73797596", "filename": "1942.247_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.247/1942.247_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "474739"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.247/1942.247_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2719", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6925585"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.247/1942.247_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4607", "height": "5759", "filesize": "79624280"}, "date_created": "2010-08-04T14:54:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.247/1942.247_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "473335"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.247/1942.247_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2739", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6293724"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.247/1942.247_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6195", "filesize": "92808584"}, "date_created": "2010-08-04T15:24:55", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Otto Miller", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 121946, "creators": [{"id": 2501, "description": "Peter Lely (British, 1618\u20131680)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1618", "death_year": "1680", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1652, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1657", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. Leneve", "Sarah, Wife of John Earle, of Heydon Hall, Norfolk", "Portrait of a Lady of the Earle Family"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:16:59.206000"}, {"id": 156420, "accession_number": "1992.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hermes Ordering Calypso to Release Odysseus, c. 1670. Gerard de Lairesse (Flemish, 1641\u20131711). Oil on canvas; framed: 118.5 x 140 x 9 cm (46 5/8 x 55 1/8 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 91.4 x 113.7 cm (36 x 44 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1992.2", "current_location": "215 French, German, and Dutch", "title": "Hermes Ordering Calypso to Release Odysseus", "creation_date": "c. 1670", "creation_date_earliest": 1665, "creation_date_latest": 1675, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 118.5 x 140 x 9 cm (46 5/8 x 55 1/8 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 91.4 x 113.7 cm (36 x 44 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.185, "height_inch": 46, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.4, "width_inch": 55, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.914, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.137, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311552, "title": "Selected Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Selected Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 9-April 11, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-02-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhib.: CMA 1993: \"Selected Acquisitions,\" Bull., 80  (Feb., 1993), p. 55, repr.", "opening_date": "1993-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "MFA Boston, 1993: \"The Age of Rubens,\" cat. no. 132, repr. (also to: Toledo (OH),  Museum of Art)", "opening_date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Approved: Trustees' Minutes 12/7/1992", "opening_date": "1992-12-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Selected Acquisitions, CMA, January 28-April 26, 1992: (The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art, February 1993, cat. no. 23, repr.)", "opening_date": "1992-01-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Age of Rubens, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, September 22, 1993-January 2, 1994; Toledo Museum of Art, February 2-April 24, 1994:cat. no. 132, repr.", "opening_date": "1994-02-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas Wodehouse Legh, 2nd Baron Newton [1857-1942], Cheshire, upon his death, probably held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The 1946 Sotheby\u2019s auction catalogue includes this painting as part of the property of the \u201cRt. Hon. Lord Newton.\u201d The Right Honourable Lord Newton was Thomas Wodehouse Legh, who died in 1942 [b. 1857].&nbsp; His oldest son, Richard Legh, presented Lyme Park, the family\u2019s estate, to the National Trust in 1946, and in October of that year, a portion of the library at Lyme Park was sold at auction.&nbsp; Therefore, it is not unreasonable to think that he may also have sold paintings from his father\u2019s collection at auction that same year.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1946", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sale, Sotheby\u2019s London, July 17, 1946, lot 63, sold to Julius Singer)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The auction catalogue attributes the painting to [Jacques] Blanchard and titles it \u201cMars and Venus.\u201d However, the dimensions are the same as those of the CMA painting, and Johnny van Haeften did identify the two paintings as one and the same, in terms of both their compositions and provenances.</div>"], "date": "1946", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Julius Singer, London, probably sold to a Rio de Janeiro private collector)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The price list inserted into the Sotheby\u2019s sale catalogue identifies the buyer of the painting as \u201cSinger,\u201d and Johnny van Haeften situated the painting with a \u201cJ. Singer\u201d prior to the Rio de Janeiro collector.&nbsp; The file on the painting in the RKD image database identifies him as Julius Singer, an art dealer in London.</div>"], "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection, Rio de Janeiro", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1991", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, New York, sale, Oct. 9, 1991, lot 195, sold to Johnny van Haeften, Ltd.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Johnny van Haeften, Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991-1992", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1992-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Calypso, reclining on her bed, looks at us with the same charming smile she used on Odysseus.", "description": "The Greek goddess Calypso held the hero Odysseus captive for seven years, preventing his return home from the Trojan War. Despite Calypso\u2019s charms and the luxurious surroundings, Odysseus longed for his home and family, so the Olympian gods finally allowed his freedom. Here, the god Hermes swoops down to free Odysseus from Calypso\u2019s embrace. De Lairesse, popularly known as the \u201cDutch Poussin,\u201d introduced to the Netherlands a classicizing style influenced by artists of the French Academy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476809"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1992.2-hermes-ordering-caly"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Johnny van Haeften, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 16, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnny van Haeften, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 16, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jeff Pilkington, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, June 3, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods International Inc. <em>Old Master Paintings</em>. New York: Christie, Manson &amp; Woods International Inc, 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jeff Pilkington, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, June 3, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Fine Pictures and Drawings</em>. 1946.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"RKD Image<em>s,\" </em>Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie,<em> </em>https://rkd.nl/en/explore/images#query=, accessed March 23, 2015.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Fine Pictures and Drawings</em>. 1946.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Fine Pictures and Drawings</em>. 1946.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1992.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 2 (1993): 38-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55; Mentioned: p. 66", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44 - 45", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1992.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_web.jpg", "width": "1095", "height": "893", "filesize": "168173", "filename": "1992.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2773", "filesize": "1453149", "filename": "1992.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_full.tif", "width": "13940", "height": "11371", "filesize": "475560032", "filename": "1992.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1052", "height": "893", "filesize": "121848"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2886", "filesize": "1217954"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6961", "height": "5910", "filesize": "123442572"}, "date_created": "2013-07-30T13:52:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1048", "height": "893", "filesize": "167139"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2896", "filesize": "1969529"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6994", "height": "5959", "filesize": "125055516"}, "date_created": "2013-07-30T13:58:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1038", "height": "893", "filesize": "193966"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2925", "filesize": "1678724"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3965", "height": "3412", "filesize": "40621744"}, "date_created": "2013-07-22T13:15:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1097", "height": "893", "filesize": "686461"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2767", "filesize": "6337528"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.2/1992.2_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4476", "filesize": "73888212"}, "date_created": "2007-03-29T15:43:30", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Samuel Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 156420, "creators": [{"id": 2882, "description": "Gerard de Lairesse (Flemish, 1641\u20131711)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1641", "death_year": "1711", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1994-02-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1665, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1670", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:08:10.047000"}, {"id": 168721, "accession_number": "2010.428", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Male Figure, late 1800s-early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Republic of the Congo, Beembe-style maker. Wood, ceramic or Formica, copper alloy, and iron alloy; overall: 47.5 x 14.8 x 16.3 cm (18 11/16 x 5 13/16 x 6 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.428", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Male Figure", "creation_date": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Republic of the Congo, Beembe-style maker"], "technique": "Wood, ceramic or Formica, copper alloy, and iron alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 47.5 x 14.8 x 16.3 cm (18 11/16 x 5 13/16 x 6 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.475, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.148, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.163, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202001, "title": "Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture", "description": "<i>Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 2013-February 9, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (October 31, 1970 - February 10, 1971)", "opening_date": "1970-10-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (June 16 - September 30, 1972)", "opening_date": "1972-06-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Utotombo: L'Art d'Afrique noire dans les collections priv\u00e9es belges.</em> Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium (March 25 - June 5, 1988)", "opening_date": "1988-03-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museum Ludwig, Cologne, Germany (July 7 - September 30, 1990)", "opening_date": "1990-07-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gemeentemuseum Den Haag, The Hague, Netherlands (November - January 1991)", "opening_date": "1991-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Merton Simpson [1928-2013], New York, NY, 1966, sold to Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ren\u00e9 [1901-1998] and Odette Delenne [1925-2012], Brussels, BE, 2010, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966\u20132010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This figure is considered \u201cmonumental\u201d as most other types of Beembe figures measure about 15 centimeters tall.", "description": "This sculpture played a role in ancestral worship among the Beembe people. Ancestors are held in high regard among the Beembe, and this figure is thought to represent an idealized form of a deceased individual within the ethnic group. The object is one of only two seated male Beembe figures of this size in Western institutions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759411"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.428-male-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leuzinger, Elsy. <em>Die Kunst von Schwarz-Afrika</em>, 269. Exh. Cat. Recklinghausen: Verlag Aurel Bongers, in association with Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, October 31, 1970-February 10, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269, cat. S6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leuzinger, Elsy. <em>Afrikanische Kunstwerke: Kulturen am Niger</em>, 273. Exh. Cat. Recklinghausen: Verlag Aurel Bongers, in association with Villa H\u00fcgel, March 25-June 13, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 273, cat. no. S 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wichmann, Siegfried, ed. <em>World Cultures and Modern Art</em>, 271. Exh. Cat. Munich: Verlag Bruckmann, in association with Haus der Kunst, June 16-September 30, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 271, no. 1782; reproduced: p. 271, no. 1782", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wichmann, Siegfried, ed. <em>Weltkulturen und moderne Kunst</em>, 64. Exh. Cat. Munich: Verlag Bruckmann, in association with Haus der Kunst, June 16-September 30, 1972.", "page_number": "64, cat. 1782", "url": null}, {"citation": "S\u00f6derberg, Bertil. \"Les Figures d'anc\u00eatres chez les Babemb\u00e9,\" in Arts d'Afrique Noire, no. 13 (1975): 21-33; no. 14 (1975): 14-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bastin, Marie-Louise, et al. <em>Utotombo. L'Art d'Afrique noire dans les collections priv\u00e9es belges</em>, 95. Exh. Cat. Brussels: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, March 25-June 5, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95, cat. XXVII; mentioned: p. 296", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lehuard, Raoul. <em>Art Bakongo</em>. <em>Les Centres de style</em> 2. Arnouville, FR: Arts d'Afrique Noire, 1989, 379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 379; reproduced: p. 381, fig. G 17-2-1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heymer, Kay, and Siegfried Gohr. <em>Afrikanische Skulptur: Die Erfindung der Figur</em>, 181. Exh. Cat. Cologne: Museum Ludwig, July 7-September 30, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181, fig. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne.\" In <em>Tribal Art</em> XV-4, no. 61 (Autumn 2011): 118.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 118, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, et al. <em>Fragments of the Invisible</em>: <em>The Rene\u0301 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art. Milan: 5 Continents Editions, 2013, 35, 105.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 18-19, 35, 105, 112, cat. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"In Case You Missed It: Fragments of the Invisible.\" <em>The International Review of African American Art</em> 25, no. 1 (2014): 10-11.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.11.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.428", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "893", "filesize": "268915", "filename": "2010.428_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_print.jpg", "width": "2360", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4959412", "filename": "2010.428_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_full.tif", "width": "3647", "height": "5254", "filesize": "57518428", "filename": "2010.428_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "893", "filesize": "271327"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2466", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5076120"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3763", "height": "5187", "filesize": "58586968"}, "date_created": "2011-05-05T17:38:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "290021"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2557", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5430094"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3713", "height": "4936", "filesize": "55012068"}, "date_created": "2011-05-05T15:58:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "656", "height": "893", "filesize": "263709"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2497", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4982220"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3779", "height": "5144", "filesize": "58351556"}, "date_created": "2011-05-05T18:18:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "893", "filesize": "260050"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2486", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4940187"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3817", "height": "5220", "filesize": "59804812"}, "date_created": "2011-05-05T18:44:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "682", "height": "893", "filesize": "273961"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2598", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5187305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.428/2010.428_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3855", "height": "5044", "filesize": "58367516"}, "date_created": "2011-05-05T18:56:55", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168721, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-06-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:40:16.751000"}, {"id": 162295, "accession_number": "2002.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Oedipus at Colonus, 1798. Fulchran Jean Harriet (French, 1778\u20131805). Oil on canvas; framed: 187.5 x 164.5 x 8.5 cm (73 13/16 x 64 3/4 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 157 x 134 cm (61 13/16 x 52 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 2002.3", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Oedipus at Colonus", "creation_date": "1798", "creation_date_earliest": 1798, "creation_date_latest": 1798, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 187.5 x 164.5 x 8.5 cm (73 13/16 x 64 3/4 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 157 x 134 cm (61 13/16 x 52 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.875, "height_inch": 73, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.645, "width_inch": 64, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.085, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.57, "height_inch": 61, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.34, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on reverse of stretcher: white sticker \"57/78\", \r\nchene label; on obverse: lower right \"harriet fcit an6\"\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Foucart collection, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->It can reasonably be assumed that it was Foucart who purchased this painting on the Paris art market in 1966, although the <em>de David \u00e0 Delacroix</em> exhibition catalogue does not explicitly state that it was the present owner - whom we know from James Rubin's 1973 article to be Foucart - who purchased it in 1966. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably 1966 - 2002", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Art market, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The 1974-1975 exhibition <em>de David \u00e0 Delacroix</em>, held at the Grand Palais, notes that the painting had been purchased on the art market in Paris in 1966.</div>"], "date": "Until 1966", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Fulchran Jean Harriet died young at age 29, and less than 10 of his works survive today.", "description": "The ancient mythical Greek king Oedipus fulfilled his fate by unknowingly killing his father and marrying his mother. He subsequently blinded himself and was exiled. Here, Oedipus reprimands himself, while protecting his daughter Antigone. Oedipus became popular in France just after the French Revolution, since the subject addressed the return of exiles. The ancient Greek writer Sophocles provided the best-known version of the tragedy, but an interpretation that played in Paris in 1797 inspired Harriet\u2019s work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60478392"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2002.3-oedipus-at-colonus"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rubin, James H. \u201cOedipus, Antigone and Exiles in Post-Revolutionary French Painting.\u201d <em>Art Quarterly</em> 36 (Fall 1973): 141\u201371.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "James H. Rubin, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Jan. 28, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Grand Palais. <em>De David \u00e0 Delacroix: la peinture fran\u00e7aise de 1774 \u00e0 1830</em>. Paris: Editions des Mus\u00e9es Nationaux, 1974.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions 2000-2005.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 45, no. 6 (July/August 2005): 6-17.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-06/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Korchane, Mehdi. <em>Pierre Gue\u0301rin, 1774-1833</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions Mare &amp; Martin, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 66, #44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korchane, Mehdi. <em>Figures de l'exil sous la Re\u0301volution: de Be\u0301lisaire a\u0300 Marcus Sextus</em>. Vizille: Mus\u00e9e de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise; Grenoble: D\u00e9partement de l\u2019Is\u00e8re, Patrimoine en Is\u00e8re, 2016. p. 64-65", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64 Mentioned: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milesi, Silvana. Il padre nell'arte e nel tempo. Bergamo : Corponove, 2020, 112.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 112.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2002.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.3/2002.3_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "461422", "filename": "2002.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.3/2002.3_print.jpg", "width": "2913", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7034378", "filename": "2002.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.3/2002.3_full.tif", "width": "4579", "height": "5345", "filesize": "73458536", "filename": "2002.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.3/2002.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "776", "height": "893", "filesize": "487298"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.3/2002.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2954", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7221809"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2002.3/2002.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4814", "height": "5541", "filesize": "80057616"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T19:09:28", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 162295, "creators": [{"id": 42162, "description": "Fulchran Jean Harriet (French, 1778\u20131805)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1778", "death_year": "1805", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2002-03-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1798, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1798", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:40.330000"}, {"id": 141641, "accession_number": "1965.235", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Memento Mori, \"To This Favour\", 1879. William Michael Harnett (American, 1848\u20131892). Oil on canvas; framed: 77.9 x 98.4 x 8.6 cm (30 11/16 x 38 3/4 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 61.3 x 81.5 cm (24 1/8 x 32 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1965.235", "current_location": "207 American Realism", "title": "Memento Mori, \"To This Favour\"", "creation_date": "1879", "creation_date_earliest": 1879, "creation_date_latest": 1879, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 77.9 x 98.4 x 8.6 cm (30 11/16 x 38 3/4 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 61.3 x 81.5 cm (24 1/8 x 32 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.779, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.984, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.086, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.613, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.815, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  WMHARNETT / 1879 [WMH in monogram].", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, The Reality of Appearance: The Trompe L'Oeil Tradition in American Painting (21 March-3 May 1970); traveled to New York, Whitney Museum of American Art (19 May-5 July 1970); (not shown at Berkeley and Detroit), cat. no. 28, pp. 6-9, 56-93, listed p. 64, illus. p. 65 as Memento Mori-\"To This Favour.\"", "opening_date": "1970-03-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Tulsa, Philbrook Art Center, Painters of the Humble Truth: Masterpieces of American Still Life, 1801-1939 (27 September-1 November 1981); traveled to Oakland, Oakland Museum of Art (8 December 1981-24 January 1982); Baltimore, Baltimore Museum of Art (2 March-25 April 1982), illus. p. 156, fig. 8.4 as Memento Mori-\"To This Favour,\" pp. 153-207, 292.", "opening_date": "1981-09-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, William M. Harnett (14 March-14 June 1992); traveled to Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum (18 July-18 October 1992); San Francisco, The Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco (14 November 1992-14 February 1993); Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art (14 March-13 June 1993), cat. no. 12, illus. p. 10, plate 12, pp. xiv-xvi, 148-159 (John Wilmerding \"Notes of Change\"), detail illus. p. 252, pp. 252-263 (Chad Mandeles, \"Grave Counsel\"), pp. 309-314 (Thayer Tolles Mickel \"Chronology).", "opening_date": "1992-03-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Kennedy Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1There is no record of this painting's provenance prior to the Kennedy Galleries, and the Kennedy Galleries records at the Archives of American Art (A1993-022, box 6) contain no relevant information.&nbsp; It is possible that the canvas appeared in <em>Paintings of the Late W.M. Harnett on Exhibition,</em> held at Earle\u2019s Galleries, Philadelphia, in 1892, as catalog no. 10, <em>A Tribute to Shakespeare</em>.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "-1965", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Harnett\u2019s family left Ireland during the potato famine and emigrated to the United States.", "description": "The Latin term <em>memento mori</em> describes a traditional subject in art that addresses mortality. In Harnett\u2019s example, the extinguished candle, spent hourglass, and skull symbolize death. A quote from William Shakespeare\u2019s <em>Hamlet</em>, inscribed on the inside cover of a tattered book, reinforces the theme. It comes from the play\u2019s famed graveyard scene where Hamlet discovers a skull and grimly ponders his beloved Ophelia, ironically unaware that she is already dead. The \"paint\" in the quote not only refers to Ophelia\u2019s makeup, but also wittily evokes the artifice of Harnett\u2019s picture.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469478"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.235-memento-mori-to-this"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>The Kennedy Quarterly</em> 5:2 (Jan. 1965).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Harnett, William Michael, and E. T. Snow. <em>Paintings of the Late W.M. Harnett: On Exhibition, Earle's Galleries</em>. Philadelphia: Earle's Galleries, 1892.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Elder, Nika. <em>William Harnett's Curious Objects: Still-Life Painting after the American Civil War. </em>(Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2022).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 75; Reproduced p. 77.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Recorders, Deceivers and Dreamers.\" <em>The Kennedy Quarterly </em>V, no. 2 (January 1965): 68-128.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 68-69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 9 (November 1965): 124\u2013157.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139; Mentioned: p. 124, 154-155, no. 94", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152069"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, October-December 1965.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>29, no. 1 (1966): 71-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 72; reproduced: p. 82", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts.\" <em>Gazette Des Beaux-Arts </em>67, no. 1165 (February 1966).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65, no. 252", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Recent Accessions in the American Field.\" <em>Art in America </em>54, no. 3 (May/June 1966): 45-48.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report for 1965.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 6 (June 1966): 137\u2013171.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 142", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152106"}, {"citation": "Frankenstein, Alfred V.<em> After the Hunt; William Harnett and Other American Still Life Painters, 1870-1900.</em> Rev. ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 171, no. 60A", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, Adele Z. Silver, and Cleveland Museum of Art Department of Art History and Education.<em> An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Price, Vincent. <em>The Vincent Price Treasury of American Art.</em> Waukesha, Wis.: Country Beautiful Corp., 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26, no. 69", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. <em>Important Information inside: The Art of John F. Peto and the Idea of Still-Life Painting in Nineteenth-Century America.</em> Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 131; Reproduced: p. 128, fig. 120", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mandeles, Chad. \u201cWilliam Michael Harnett\u2019s \u2018The Old Cupboard Door\u2019 and the Tradition of Vanitas.\u201d <em>American Art Journal</em> 18, no. 3 (Summer 1986): 51\u201362.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 53; Reproduced: p. 55, fig. 4", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1594442"}, {"citation": "Groseclose, Barbara S. \u201cVanity and the Artist: Some Still-Life Paintings by William Michael Harnett.\u201d <em>American Art Journal</em> 19, no. 1 (Winter 1987): 51\u201359.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 54-55, fig. 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1594471"}, {"citation": "Reynolda House Museum of American Art, Barbara Babcock Millhouse. <em>American Originals: Selections from Reynolda House Museum of American Art.</em> New York: Abbeville Press: American Federation of Arts, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 82-84, fig. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Still-Life Paintings in Gallery 222: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [The Museum], 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art : A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 98", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Studing, Richard. <em>Shakespeare in American Painting: A Catalogue from the Late Eighteenth Century to the Present.</em> Rutherford [N.J.], London: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press; Associated University Presses, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 75, no. 342; reproduced: cat.no. 342", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kelly, Raymond J., and Flint Institute of Arts. <em>To Be, or Not to Be: Four Hundred Years of Vanitas Painting.</em> Flint, Mich.: Flint Institute of Arts, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 28, fig. 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 11, p. 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journa</em>l (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 80", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.235", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.235/1965.235_web.jpg", "width": "1201", "height": "893", "filesize": "583482", "filename": "1965.235_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.235/1965.235_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2528", "filesize": "4435898", "filename": "1965.235_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.235/1965.235_full.tif", "width": "4741", "height": "3525", "filesize": "50159456", "filename": "1965.235_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Payne Fund Gallery", "athena_id": 141641, "creators": [{"id": 3101, "description": "William Michael Harnett (American, 1848\u20131892)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1848", "death_year": "1892", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-09-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1879, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1879", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:16:28.608000"}, {"id": 143644, "accession_number": "1968.100", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Adoration of the Shepherds, c. 1650. Bernardo Cavallino (Italian, 1616\u20131656). Oil on canvas; framed: 151 x 172 x 7 cm (59 7/16 x 67 11/16 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 126.8 x 148.3 cm (49 15/16 x 58 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1968.100", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Adoration of the Shepherds", "creation_date": "c. 1650", "creation_date_earliest": 1645, "creation_date_latest": 1655, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 151 x 172 x 7 cm (59 7/16 x 67 11/16 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 126.8 x 148.3 cm (49 15/16 x 58 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.51, "height_inch": 59, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.72, "width_inch": 67, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.268, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.483, "width_inch": 58, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed left on ox: \"BC [monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442218, "title": "Painting in Naples from Caravaggio to Giordano", "description": "<i>Painting in Naples from Caravaggio to Giordano</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (October 2-December 12, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309863, "title": "Bernardo Cavallino of Naples, 1616-1656", "description": "<i>Bernardo Cavallino of Naples, 1616-1656</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14-December 30, 1984); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (January 26-March 24, 1985); Museo Pignatelli Cortes, Napoli, Italy (April 24-June 26, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-11-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marquis de Villette, Ch\u00e2teau de Villette, Oise", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Jean Baptiste Angiot, Paris (sale: Hotel Drouot, Paris, March 1-2, 1875, cat. no. 41, as Benedetto Castiglione)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1875", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private Collection, Buenos Aires", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1875-1968", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Frederick Mont, New York], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist signed this painting with his monogram \u201cBC\u201d on the rump of the ox.", "description": "Cavallino worked in Naples where he was not well known during his lifetime, but was alert to the work of contemporaries whose innovations he transformed with extraordinary delicacy and charm. The adoration of the shepherds is a traditional subject, but here Cavallino shows it in a new light. The focus is on Mary, indicating that she alone is aware of the angels who flutter above with ribbons proclaiming <em>Gloria in Excelsis Deo</em> (Glory to God in the highest). Joseph and the shepherds stolidly regard the child, but the sweetness of Mary's expression simultaneously reveals her love, pride, and humility.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469881"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.100-adoration-of-the-she"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chez Didot. <em>Catalogue de tableaux de differens bons mai\u0302tres des trois e\u0301coles, de figures de bronze, de bustes de marbre, d'estampes monte\u0301es sous verre, &amp; d'estampes en feuilles, apre\u0300s le de\u0301ce\u0300s de M. le Marquis de Villette, Pere</em>. Apr. 8, 1765. Chez Didot: Paris, 1766. Lot 8.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100237666"}, {"citation": "H\u00f4tel Drouot. <em>Catalogue de tableaux anciens et modernes, \u00e9maux de limoges, porcelaines de la chine et du japon, objets d'art formant la collection de feu M. Auguiot </em>. Mar. 1\u20132, 1875. H\u00f4tel Drouot: Paris, 1875. p. v.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galleria d'Arte al Corso. <em>Mostra di Pittura Antica</em>. Trieste: January 1943. no. 30.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 117", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n141"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler. \"Bernardo Cavallino: Adoration of the Shepherds.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 4 (April 1969): 136-50.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 138, fig. 4; p. 142, fig. 10; p. 143, fig. 12b, p. 148-149; Mentioned: P. 136-150", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152269"}, {"citation": "Levey, Michael. <em>The Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Italian Schools.</em> London: National Gallery, 1971. p. 85.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Causa, Raffaello. <em>La pittura del Seicento a Napoli dal naturalismo al barocco ; La natura morta a Napoli nel Sei e nel Settecento</em>. [Napoli]: Societa\u0300 editrice storia di Napoli, 1972.", "page_number": "944", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Acquisizioni 1960-1975.</em> [Napoli]: Societa\u0300 editrice napoletana, 1975.", "page_number": "256", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n157"}, {"citation": "Ebbinge Wubben, J. C., and Benedict Nicolson. <em>Le choix d'un amateur e\u0301claire\u0301: oeuvres de la collection Vitale Bloch provenant du Muse\u0301e Boymans-van Beuningen avec quelques apports de la Fondation Custodia</em>: [exposition] Institut Ne\u0301erlandais, Paris, 10 octobre-25 novembre 1979. Paris: L'Institut, 1979.", "page_number": "p. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gregori, Mina. <em>La Fondazione Roberto Longhi a Firenze</em>. Milano: Electa, 1980.", "page_number": "298", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 328; Mentioned: p. 329", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schloder, John E. <em>Baroque Imagery</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "15-17, 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spinosa, Nicola. <em>La Pittura napoletana del '600</em>. Milano: Longanesi, 1984.", "page_number": "157", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler, Grace G Fowler, Ann Percy. <em>Bernardo Cavallino of Naples, 1616-1656</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "cat. no. 79, repr. [Italian edition, cat. no. 45, repr.]", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dempsey, James H. \u201cThe Annual Report for 1984.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, No. 4 (July, 1985): 16\u201318.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159905?seq=1"}, {"citation": "Herzog Anton-Ulrich-Museum Braunschweig. <em>Europa\u0308ische Malerei des Barock: aus dem Nationalmuseum in Warschau</em>. Braunschweig: Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, 1988.", "page_number": "50, 51 n.12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>La Pittura in Italia: Il Seicento</em>. Milano: Electa, 1988.", "page_number": "486, 517 n.32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan.<em> European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "32", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Marshall, Christopher R. \u201cAn early inventory reference and new technical information for Bernardo Cavallino's 'Trumph of Galatea.'\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 147, No. 1222 (Jan. 2005): p. 42, fig. 37.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20073815?seq=1"}, {"citation": "Forgione, Gianluca. \u201cPer una rilettura di Bernardo Cavallino.\u201d <em>Paragone</em> 64, No. 108 (Mar. 2013): p. 60, fig. 46.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spinosa, Nicola. \u201cGracia, elegancia y teatralidad en la pintura de Bernardo Cavallino.\u201d <em>Ars Magazine</em> 6, No. 20 (Oct.\u2013Dec. 2013): 98, 101.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.100", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_web.jpg", "width": "1045", "height": "893", "filesize": "576504", "filename": "1968.100_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2905", "filesize": "6442282", "filename": "1968.100_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_full.tif", "width": "5395", "height": "4609", "filesize": "74670200", "filename": "1968.100_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "692801"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "6026329"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99892592"}, "date_created": "2009-10-30T16:00:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "743", "filesize": "657367"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2001", "filesize": "5190678"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6041", "height": "3555", "filesize": "64458868"}, "date_created": "2009-10-30T16:23:32", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "401322"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6189677"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99891040"}, "date_created": "2009-10-30T16:39:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1050", "height": "893", "filesize": "550443"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2891", "filesize": "7157611"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5735", "height": "4877", "filesize": "83940444"}, "date_created": "2009-10-30T16:48:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1039", "height": "893", "filesize": "627145"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2921", "filesize": "6144945"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5811", "height": "4992", "filesize": "87059268"}, "date_created": "2009-10-30T15:29:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1050", "height": "893", "filesize": "507409"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2891", "filesize": "5372463"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.100/1968.100_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4677", "filesize": "77201948"}, "date_created": "2007-03-13T16:35:18", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 143644, "creators": [{"id": 2088, "description": "Bernardo Cavallino (Italian, 1616\u20131656)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1616", "death_year": "1656", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-06-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1645, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1650", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-03 11:06:04.085000"}, {"id": 170082, "accession_number": "2012.30", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Self-Portrait with Five Muses, c. 1880. Henry Church (American, 1836\u20131908). Oil on paper mounted to board; unframed: 73.3 x 59.7 cm (28 7/8 x 23 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden Fund, 2012.30", "current_location": null, "title": "Self-Portrait with Five Muses", "creation_date": "c. 1880", "creation_date_earliest": 1875, "creation_date_latest": 1885, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, Ohio, Cleveland"], "technique": "oil on paper mounted to board", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Cleveland School", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 73.3 x 59.7 cm (28 7/8 x 23 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.733, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.597, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed lower right: H. Church. Ptr", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311873, "title": "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946", "description": "<i>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 19-July 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-05-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2017</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380548, "title": "Supernatural America: The Paranormal in American Art", "description": "<i>Supernatural America: The Paranormal in American Art</i>. The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (June 12-September 5, 2021); Speed Art Museum, Louisville, KY (October 7, 2021-January 2, 2022); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (February 19-May 15, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-06-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "\"They Taught Themselves: American Primitive Painters of the 20th Century,\" Marie Harriman Gallery, New York, February 9-March 7, 1942", "opening_date": "1942-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Masterpieces of American Primitive Painting,\" Museum of American Folk Art, New York, 1974-1975 [unconfirmed]", "opening_date": "1974-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"American Folk Painters of Three Centuries,\" Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, February 26-May 13, 1980", "opening_date": "1980-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"\u2026seeds of the future,\" CompassRose Gallery, Chicago, February 14-March 25, 1989", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Self-Taught Artists of the 20th Century: An American Anthology,\" Philadelphia Museum of Art, March 10-May 17, 1998; High Museum of Art, July 14-September 20, 1998; Amon Carter Museum and Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, October 31, 1998-January 24, 1999; Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, NY, February 20-April 18, 1999; Wexner Center for the Arts, Ohio State University, Columbus, May 15-August 15, 1999; Museum of American Folk Art, New York, September 19-December 11, 1999", "opening_date": "1998-03-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The artist; Jessie Church Sargent (the artist's daughter), Chagrin Falls, Ohio;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Rosenberg, New York (1937); Private Collection by descent; [Washburn Gallery, New York, (2012)]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Church \"spoke\" at his funeral via an Edison phonograph recording he made for the occasion.", "description": "Lifelong Chagrin Falls resident Church is considered one of the great self-taught artists of 19th-century America. A painter, sculptor, and musician by passion, he offered his appearance and enthusiasms in this highly imaginative self-portrait, surrounding himself with a squadron of miniature winged muses. These figures represent not only the traditional arts of painting, sculpture, and music, but also Church's profession of blacksmithing (identified as a crowned figure holding a hammer and anvil). A savvy entrepreneur, Church launched the first commercial art gallery in northeast Ohio: Church's Art Museum, at Geauga Lake, in 1888. Its inventory consisted entirely of his own work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480947"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2012.30-self-portrait-with-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rosenberg, Sam. \"Henry Church of Chagrin.\" In <em>They Taught Themselves; American Primitive Painters of the 20th Century</em>, edited by Sidney Janis. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.102, 104-106; Reproduced: p.105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Janis, Sidney.<em> They Taught Themselves; American Primitive Painters of the 20th Century</em>. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.102, 104-106; Reproduced: p.105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Sam. \"Henry Church: 1836-1908.\" In<em> American Folk Painters of Three Centuries</em>, edited by Jean Lipman and Tom Armstrong. New York, NY: Hudson Hills Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.176, 178-180; Reproduced: p.181", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Christian, Barbara. \"Henry Church finds place in Whitney's folk art.\" (Source unrecorded, date uncertain; probably July-Dec. 1980).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Theis, Jana M. \"Chagrin Falls' Henry Church: The artist who had the last word.\" <em>Western Reserve Magazine</em> 2, no.1 (November/December 1983).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Babinsky, Jane E., and Miriam Church Stem. <em>The Life and Work of Henry Church, Jr</em>. Chagrin Falls, OH: Privately Printed 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.33; Reproduced: p.34 (unpaginated)", "url": "chagrinhistorical.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/The-Life-and-Work-of-Henry-Church-Jr.pdf"}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., et. al. <em>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946: Community and Diversity in Early Modern America</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.60; Mentioned: p.61, 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ohio Historical Society, and Ohio History Connection.<em> Timeline: A Publication of the Ohio Historical Society </em>21, No.1 (January/February 2004). Columbus, OH: The Ohio Historical Society, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.7-8; Reproduced: Back Cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Artistic Excellence: Acquisitions 2012-14</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57 (May/June 2017). Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.13", "url": "clevelandart.org/sites/default/files/May-June_2017_magazine_web.pdf"}, {"citation": "Millsom Studer, Carol, and Victor Studer. \"Henry Church Jr.\" In <em>Self-Taught Artists of the 20th Century: An American Anthology</em>, edited by Elsa Weiner Longhauser and Harald Szeemann. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.45, 223; Reproduced: p.47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cozzolino, Robert, ed. <em>Supernatural America: The Paranormal in American Art,</em> exh. cat. (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2021).", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 232", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.30", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.30/2012.30_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "111145", "filename": "2012.30_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.30/2012.30_print.jpg", "width": "2702", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1501244", "filename": "2012.30_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.30/2012.30_full.tif", "width": "4657", "height": "5859", "filesize": "81879416", "filename": "2012.30_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.30/2012.30_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "745", "height": "893", "filesize": "111893"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.30/2012.30_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2837", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1473908"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2012.30/2012.30_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4120", "height": "4936", "filesize": "61040516"}, "date_created": "2012-06-19T13:24:12", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170082, "creators": [{"id": 10505, "description": "Henry Church (American, 1836\u20131908)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Henry Church is the best known self-trained artist to have worked in the Cleveland area. Son of a blacksmith and a teacher who moved from Massachusetts to Chagrin Falls in 1834, Church began work in his father\u2019 s shop at age 13. He showed an early love of art, reputedly using charcoal from the shop to practice drawing. Moving to Parkman, Ohio, upon his marriage in 1859, Church returned to Chagrin Falls by 1861 and built a smithy. A pacifist, he bought his way out of military service in the Civil War. After his father\u2019s death in November 1878, Church opened an art studio above his shop, dedicating himself to painting and, after 1885, to sculpture. Before 1885 he had only carved stone surreptitiously, apparently hoping that, upon discovery, his first monumental work (<em>The Rape of the Indian Tribes by the White Man</em>, also known as <em>Squaw Rock</em>, in what is now South Chagrin Reservation, Cleveland Metroparks) would be interpreted as a divine creation. Although it has been claimed that Church retired as a blacksmith at age 50 in 1886, according to the William\u2019s Ohio State Directory, he was still practicing that trade in 1888\u201389. In 1888 he opened the short-lived Church\u2019s Art Museum at Geauga Lake, Ohio, a popular picnic area; around the same time he rented out his blacksmith shop. Church\u2019s productivity declined at the turn of the century as the physical strain of working stone taxed his health. An avid spiritualist, he read the periodical <em>Banner Light</em>. Taking advantage of early phonograph technology, he recorded his own funeral speech, an oration that concluded with the line \u201cGood-bye at present.\u201d <br>\"Transformations in Cleveland Art\" (CMA, 1996), p. 225", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1836", "death_year": "1908", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1875, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1880", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 11:24:19.553000"}, {"id": 135405, "accession_number": "1958.41", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mademoiselle Louise Riesener in a Hat, c. 1877\u201380. Berthe Morisot (French, 1841\u20131895). Pastel on pale blue laid paper; sheet: 55.5 x 46.8 cm (21 7/8 x 18 7/16 in.); framed: 75.3 x 66.2 x 4.5 cm (29 5/8 x 26 1/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.41", "current_location": "004 Special Exhibition Gallery", "title": "Mademoiselle Louise Riesener in a Hat", "creation_date": "c. 1877\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1877, "creation_date_latest": 1880, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "pastel on pale blue laid paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 55.5 x 46.8 cm (21 7/8 x 18 7/16 in.); Framed: 75.3 x 66.2 x 4.5 cm (29 5/8 x 26 1/16 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.555, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.468, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "framed": {"height": 0.753, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.662, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "stamped, bottom right, in ink (faded): collection of Berthe Morisot [L.388a]; watermark, at top center: illegible cartouche; and at bottom center: PL BAS", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301674, "title": "Form in the Arts", "description": "<i>Form in the Arts</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 15-November 10, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311553, "title": "Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 7, 1993-January 2, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200460, "title": "Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 20, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283693, "title": "Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 668924, "title": "Manet & Morisot", "description": "<i>Manet & Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (March 29-July 5, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-10-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Georges Lurcy [1891\u20131953], New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., New York, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr., Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1939", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. [1889\u20131957], Cleveland, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939-1958", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Morisot favored the (formerly) blue paper used here for pastels and used it for numerous works.", "description": "This portrait depicts Louise Riesener, daughter of artist L\u00e9on Riesener and close friend of Morisot. The artist depicted her subject in bust-length profile wearing a black jacket out of which peek the decorative ties of a white blouse. Morisot paid particular attention to the hat; a fashionable Parisian woman of the upper-middle class would have worn such an accessory whenever she went out in public. Morisot produced nearly 200 pastels during her career, the majority figure studies and portraits brought to varying degrees of finish.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80028608"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.41-mademoiselle-louise"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bataille, M.-L. and G. Wildenstein. <em>Berthe Morisot: Catalogue des peintures, pastels, et aquarelles</em>. Paris: Beaux-Arts, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 56, no. 527; Reproduced: fig. 517", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rey, Jean Dominique. <em>Berthe Morisot</em>. Norwalk, CT: Easton Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burnham, Helen. \u201cFashion and the Representation of Modernity: Studies in the Late Work of \u00c9douard Manet (1832\u20131883).\u201d PhD diss., Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 180", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 126-129, no. 21a", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brown, Heather Lemonedes. \"Manet &amp; Morisot Pastels.\" In <em>Manet &amp; Morisot</em>. Emily Beeny, Heather Lemonedes Brown, Anne Higonnet, Kimberly A. Jones, Nicole R. Myers, et al., 209-221. San Francisco, New Haven: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco; Yale University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 209, 217-221; Reproduced: p. 137, no. 55", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Bataille and Wildenstein 527", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.41", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.41/1958.41_web.jpg", "width": "757", "height": "900", "filesize": "293937", "filename": "1958.41_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.41/1958.41_print.jpg", "width": "2858", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4575115", "filename": "1958.41_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.41/1958.41_full.tif", "width": "9474", "height": "11272", "filesize": "320398909", "filename": "1958.41_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.41/1958.41_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "745", "height": "893", "filesize": "115575"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.41/1958.41_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1838", "filesize": "2038443"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.41/1958.41_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1838", "filesize": "8472628"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Kelvin and Eleanor Smith Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 135405, "creators": [{"id": 1865, "description": "Berthe Morisot (French, 1841\u20131895)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born into a prosperous family, Berthe Morisot was encouraged at an early age to become an amateur artist. Along with her sister Edma, she began her studies with Geoffroy-Alphonse Chocarne (act. 1838-1857), a painter trained in the neoclassical tradition. In 1858 the sisters entered the studio of Joseph-Beno\u00eet Guichard (1806-1880), a student of Ingres (q.v.) and Delacroix (q.v.). Through Guichard they met Corot (q.v.) in 1861, under whose encouragement they began to paint out of doors near Pontoise as well as in Normandy and Brittany. Berthe Morisot exhibited at the Salon from 1864 until 1873. Fantin-Latour (q.v.) introduced her to Manet (q.v.) around 1867. They developed a close friendship, and Morisot modeled for him many times (see Manet, Berthe Morisot, no. 141). In 1874 she married his brother, Eug\u00e8ne, and that same year began participating in the impressionist exhibitions, never to show at the Salon again. Four years after their marriage, the couple's only child, Julie, was born on 14 November 1878 and would become a main source of artistic inspiration. Morisot matured as a central member of the group of impressionists. Her home became a meeting place for painters and writers alike, including Renoir (q.v.), Degas (q.v.), Mary Cassatt (1845-1926), and St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. She participated in the Drouot sale of 1875, where the artists were ridiculed extensively. Her paintings, however, fetched slightly higher prices than those of Renoir, Monet (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.). Morisot made pastels and watercolors as well as oil paintings, and during the final years of her life she experimented with lithography and drypoint etching.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1841", "death_year": "1895", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1877, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1877\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:55:07.492000"}, {"id": 141169, "accession_number": "1964.421", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mars, c. 1584\u201387. Giambologna (Flemish, active Italy, 1529\u20131608). Bronze; overall: 39 x 18.4 cm (15 3/8 x 7 1/4 in.); with base: 41.6 x 18.5 x 21.4 cm (16 3/8 x 7 5/16 x 8 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1964.421", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Mars", "creation_date": "c. 1584\u201387", "creation_date_earliest": 1584, "creation_date_latest": 1587, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 39 x 18.4 cm (15 3/8 x 7 1/4 in.); with base: 41.6 x 18.5 x 21.4 cm (16 3/8 x 7 5/16 x 8 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.39, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.184, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "with base": {"height": 0.416, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.185, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.214, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517521, "title": "The Italian Heritage; an exhibition of works of art lent from American collections for the benefit of the Committee to Rescue Italian Art (CRIA)", "description": "<i>The Italian Heritage; an exhibition of works of art lent from American collections for the benefit of the Committee to Rescue Italian Art (CRIA)</i>. Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (May 17-August 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-05-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302111, "title": "Renaissance Bronzes from Ohio Collections", "description": "<i>Renaissance Bronzes from Ohio Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309568, "title": "The Age of Bronze", "description": "<i>The Age of Bronze</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-October 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 288386, "title": "Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art", "description": "<i>Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-December 31, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-08-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "\"The Italian Heritage (Committee to Rescue Italian Art),\" New York, Wildenstein and Co., May 17- August 29, 1967, no. 51, repr.", "opening_date": "1967-05-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Sechs Sammler stellen aus,\" Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg, 7 April- 11 June, 1961, no. 46", "opening_date": "1961-04-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Catalina von Pannwitz [1876-1959, n\u00e9e Roth], Bennebroek, Netherlands", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The active, twisting pose indicates that the statue was designed to be viewed in the round.", "description": "Although he is lacking the helmet and armor common to Mars in Roman iconography, this figure is identified as the ancient god of war. Mars pauses mid-stride, swinging his sword arm back to strike an enemy in his gaze; this dynamic composition is typical of Giambologna\u2019s models. Collectors prized small bronzes such as this and often kept them in special rooms along with antiquities, coins, shells, and other curiosities. Easy to hold and arrange due to their small size, they were appreciated through touch as well as sight.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040541"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.421-mars"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Year in Review for 1964.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 10 (1964): 236-66.", "page_number": "#1, repr.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152021"}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P. <em>Florence and the Arts; Five Centuries of Patronage</em>. 1971.", "page_number": "no. 36, repr.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n124"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n124"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n136"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.421", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_web.jpg", "width": "608", "height": "893", "filesize": "220694", "filename": "1964.421_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_print.jpg", "width": "2314", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3360934", "filename": "1964.421_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_full.tif", "width": "4097", "height": "6020", "filesize": "74025532", "filename": "1964.421_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "852", "height": "893", "filesize": "412770"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3245", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6522064"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3595", "height": "3767", "filesize": "40661764"}, "date_created": "2008-06-11T12:23:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "584", "height": "893", "filesize": "200526"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2222", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3203370"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4149", "height": "6349", "filesize": "79059200"}, "date_created": "2008-06-10T19:34:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "588", "height": "893", "filesize": "219021"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2237", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3294299"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4131", "height": "6278", "filesize": "77836844"}, "date_created": "2008-06-10T19:34:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "604", "height": "893", "filesize": "214884"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2298", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3299214"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.421/1964.421_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4189", "height": "6197", "filesize": "77911292"}, "date_created": "2008-06-10T18:58:31", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141169, "creators": [{"id": 4663, "description": "Giambologna (Flemish, active Italy, 1529\u20131608)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Giambologna (1529-1608) was a Flemish sculptor based in Italy. His early training was in Antwerp under the architect-sculptor Jacques du Broeucq. In the 1550s, he studied sculptures of classical antiquity in Rome. He reached the height of his career while working as a court sculptor for the Medici Dukes in Florence, where he settled in 1553. celebrated for his Mannerist marble and bronze statuary, Giambologna was influenced by Michelangelo's works but developed his own style, characterized by a fine sense of movement and refined surface finish.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1529", "death_year": "1608", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1584, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1584\u201387", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:15:19.517000"}, {"id": 109138, "accession_number": "1927.299", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Melancholy, c. 1868. Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916). Graphite on beige wove paper; sheet: 32.1 x 22 cm (12 5/8 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1927.299", "current_location": null, "title": "Melancholy", "creation_date": "c. 1868", "creation_date_earliest": 1860, "creation_date_latest": 1869, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "graphite on beige wove paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige wove paper (discolored)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.1 x 22 cm (12 5/8 x 8 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.321, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.22, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in graphite: Od.R", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 348134, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-April 28, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347233, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-October 3, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301501, "title": "40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "<i>40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 3, 1959-January 20, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-12-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309654, "title": "The Lessons of the Academy", "description": "<i>The Lessons of the Academy</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-May 29, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-02-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 393854, "title": "Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon", "description": "<i>Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2021-January 23, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Odilon Redon (1840\u20131916): Pastels and Drawings</em>. Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co., Inc., New York (October 22\u2013November 10, 1951); Cleveland Museum of Art (November 29, 1951\u2013January 20, 1952); Walker Art Center, Minneapolis (February 1\u2013March 1, 1952).", "opening_date": "1951-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Odilon Redon: Prince of Dreams 1840\u20131916</em>. Art Institute of Chicago (July 2\u2013September 18, 1994); Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (October 20, 1994\u2013January 15, 1995); Royal Academy of Arts, London (February 16\u2013May 21, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kraushaar Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Print Club of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1927", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Print Club of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Redon incorporated fantastical details into his mountainous landscape, including a small creature seen faintly directly above the woman and a profile that vaguely appears in the shadows next to her.", "description": "Odilon Redon grew up near the massive Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es mountains in southern France and their image recurred throughout his work. In a series of drawings made during the 1870s, Redon used the craggy surface and infinite reach of his native landscape to evoke a sense of solitude and isolation. The woman seen here, for example, leans forward and casts her eyes downward as if in resignation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747404"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.299-melancholy"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Odilon Redon (1840\u20131916): Pastels and Drawings</em>. Exh. cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17, no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rewald, John. \"Quelques notes et documents sur Odilon Redon.\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> 48 (November 1956): 81-124.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Alec. <em>Odilon Redon, catalogue raisonn\u00e9 de l'oeuvre peint et dessin\u00e9</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. I, p. 227, no. 576; Reproduced: p. 228", "url": null}, {"citation": "Druick, Douglas W., Gloria Groom, Fred Leeman, Kevin Sharp, MaryAnne Stevens, Harriet K. Stratis, and Peter Kort Zegers. <em>Odilon Redon: Prince of Dreams, 1840\u20131916. </em>Exh. cat. Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62-63, 436, no. 21; Reproduced: p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 112-115, no. 16", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Wildenstein 576", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.299", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.299/1927.299_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "893", "filesize": "429760", "filename": "1927.299_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.299/1927.299_print.jpg", "width": "2633", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3108216", "filename": "1927.299_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.299/1927.299_full.tif", "width": "3967", "height": "5123", "filesize": "60994980", "filename": "1927.299_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.299/1927.299_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "893", "filesize": "445927"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.299/1927.299_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1422", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2405155"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.299/1927.299_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1422", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8740228"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 109138, "creators": [{"id": 1748, "description": "Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leader of the symbolist movement in France, Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux in 1840 and grew up in the surrounding region. During his early years he studied drawing, architecture, and the violin. A friendship with Armand Clavaud, a local botanist and philosopher, stimulated Redon's passion for romantic art and literature. In 1864, after a brief and discouraging period of instruction with G\u00e9r\u00f4me in Paris, Redon returned to Bordeaux, where he studied printmaking with Rodolphe Bresdin (1825-1885). Deploring the emphasis on rational, phenomenal experience in academic and naturalist art, Redon turned for inspiration to the imaginative paintings of Delacroix, the prints of Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya (1746-1828), and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire. In 1870, after military service in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon settled in Paris and produced his first <em>Noirs</em>. These visionary images, featuring floating eyes and severed heads born aloft on wings, reflect Redon's belief in the superiority of the imagination and fantasy, which he considered \"the messenger of the unconscious.\" After producing his initial <em>Noirs </em>in charcoal, Redon discovered a method of transferring his drawings to lithography in 1876. Throughout the 1880s he continued to use charcoal, etching, and lithography as his primary media, and he produced twelve lithography albums before abandoning the genre in the late 1890s. During the 1880s Redon emerged as a leader of the symbolist reaction against impressionism. The publication in 1879 of his first lithographic album, <em>Dans le r\u00eave</em>, followed by his first solo exhibition in 1881, attracted the admiration of J. K. Huysmans, who included illustrations by Redon in his novel <em>\u00c0 rebours</em> (1884). Around the same time, Redon developed a personal and artistic relationship with poet St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. Increasingly drawn into the public arena, Redon helped organize the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants in 1884. In 1886 he participated in the last impressionist exhibition and began showing with Les XX in Brussels. Redon's antinaturalist, visionary, art inspired many symbolist and Nabi artists, including Gauguin and Vuillard. Maurice Denis praised Redon as \"our Mallarm\u00e9,\" and in 1892 critic Albert Aurier described Redon as a leader of the new \"idealistic\" tendency in art. After 1890 the focus of Redon's activity shifted from monochromatic drawings and prints toward exploring color in richly worked pastels. His innovations in luminous color, as seen in the pastel and oil paintings he exhibited at the Galeries Durand-Ruel in 1900 were greatly admired by Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and the Fauves. Awarded the Legion of Honor in 1903, Redon continued his leadership role in the avant-garde and in 1904 became a founding member of the Salon d'Automne. In 1913 forty of his works were selected for exhibition in the Armory Show, the most by any artist. Redon died at his home in Paris in the summer of 1916.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-11-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1860, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1868", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:57.942000"}, {"id": 169545, "accession_number": "2011.37", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Books and Scholars\u2019 Accoutrements (\ucc45\uac00\ub3c4 [\u518a\u67b6\u5716]), late 1800s. Yi Taek-gyun (Korean, 1808\u2013after 1883). Ten-panel folding screen; ink and color on silk; overall: 197.5 x 395 cm (77 3/4 x 155 1/2 in.); painting only: 139.3 x 330.8 cm (54 13/16 x 130 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2011.37", "current_location": null, "title": "Books and Scholars\u2019 Accoutrements", "title_in_original_language": "\ucc45\uac00\ub3c4 [\u518a\u67b6\u5716]", "creation_date": "late 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1875, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "ten-panel folding screen; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 197.5 x 395 cm (77 3/4 x 155 1/2 in.); Painting only: 139.3 x 330.8 cm (54 13/16 x 130 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.975, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 3.95, "width_inch": 155, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "each panel": {"height": 1.975, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.395, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "open and extended": {"height": 1.975, "height_inch": 77, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 2.97, "width_inch": 116, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "painting only": {"height": 1.393, "height_inch": 54, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 3.308, "width_inch": 130, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 287904, "title": "Chaekgeori: Pleasure of Possessions in Korean Painted Screens", "description": "<i>Chaekgeori: Pleasure of Possessions in Korean Painted Screens</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 5-November 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-08-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 670878, "title": "Pattern and Decoration in Royal Art of the Joseon Dynasty", "description": "<i>Pattern and Decoration in Royal Art of the Joseon Dynasty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2024-March 16, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-04T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 27, 2014-January 12, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-01-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Christie's New York, Japanese & Korean Art, New York, NY, 23 March 2011, lot 992, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 23, 2011", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A convincing hypothesis that connects the Korean <em>chaekgado</em> tradition with the Renaissance tradition of illusionistic studiolo through the technique of trompe-l'\u0153il and Chinese Qing period treasured cabinet paintings was first made in Park Shim-eun's thesis (2002).", "description": "First produced around the second half of the eighteenth century, <em>chaekgado</em> (literally, \u201cpictures of bookshelves\u201d) flourished throughout the 1800s as a royal emblem. And soon this pictorial genre became a popular furnishing item for aristocrats' elegant studies. The third panel from the right bears a hidden seal that reveals the artist: Yi Taek-gyun, a prominent court artist active in the late 1800s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480794"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.37-books-and-scholars-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Park, Shim-eun. \" The Origin of Chaekkado in Choson Period.\" Master's Thesis, Academy of Korean Studies, 2002.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://dl.nanet.go.kr/search/searchInnerDetail.do?searchType=INNER_SEARCH&resultType=INNER_SEARCH_DETAIL&searchMehtod=L&searchClass=S&controlNo=KDMT1200200306&queryText=&zone=&fieldText=&prevQueryText=%EB%B0%95%EC%8B%AC%EC%9D%80%3AALL_NI_TOC%3AAND&prevPubYearFieldText=&languageCode=&synonymYn=&refineSearchYn=&pageNum=&pageSize=&orderBy=&topMainMenuCode=&topSubMenuCode=&totalSize=194&totalSizeByMenu=194&seqNo=&hanjaYn=Y&knowPub=&isdb=&isdbsvc=&tt1=&down=&checkedDbIdList=&baseDbId=&selectedDbIndexIdList=&caller=&asideState=true&dpBranch=ALL&journalKind=&selZone=ALL_NI_TOC&searchQuery=+%EB%B0%95%EC%8B%AC%EC%9D%80"}, {"citation": "Black, Kay E., and Edward W. Wagner. \"Ch'aekk\u014fri Paintings: A Korean Jigsaw Puzzle.\" <em>Archives of Asian Art</em> 46 (1993): 63\u201375.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20111228"}, {"citation": "Sin, Mi-ran. \u201cObjects in Chaekgeori Paintings [\ucc45\uac70\ub9ac \uadf8\ub9bc\uacfc \u5668\u7269\u784f\u7a76].\u201d <em>Misul sahak yeongu</em> no. 268 (2010): 169\u2013194.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01751774"}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods International Inc, New York. <em>Japanese &amp; Korean Art</em>. 23 March 2011. Lot 992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: lot 992", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 274\u2013275", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Acquired by North American Museums, 2010-2011.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 62, 2012, pp. 105\u2013153.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 114, fig 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/43677806"}, {"citation": "Mann, C. Griffith, and Amy Bracken Sparks. \"Acquisitions 2011.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 2 (March/April 2012): 10\u201327.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 12\u201313", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-02/page/12/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Ahn, Dae-hoe. \"Leisure and Cultural Phenomena in the Late Joseon Dynasty [\uc870\uc120 \ud6c4\uae30 \ucde8\ubbf8\uc0dd\ud65c\uacfc \ubb38\ud654\ud604\uc0c1].\" <em>Hanguk munhwa </em>(2012): 65\u201396.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 255; Reproduced: pp. 246\u2013247", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa. \"Chaekgeori: Books and other things in Korean painted screens.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 4 (July/August 2017): Cover, 7\u20139.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, p. 7; Mentioned: pp. 7\u20139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-04/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \u201cTaste of Distinction: Screens of Scholar\u2019s Accouterments.\" In <em>Chaekgeori:</em> <em>The Power and Pleasure of Possessions in Korean Painted Screens. </em>Albany: SUNY Series in Korean Studies, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 50\u201362", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Byung-mo and Sunglim Kim. <em>Chaekgeori:</em> <em>The Power and Pleasure of Possessions in Korean Painted Screens. </em>Albany: SUNY Series in Korean Studies, 2017.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Breedlove, Byron. \u201cAll Bookshelves Are Magical.\u201d Emerging Infectious<em> Diseases journal</em> (October 2020) vol. 26, no. 10: 2537\u20132538.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2610.ac2610"}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"The Past and Present of the Korean Collection in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 22-37. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 32, fig. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 198\u2013203, no. 119", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"Taste of Distinction: Paintings of Scholars' Accoutrements.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 304-317. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 304\u2013317", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Patterns and Decoration in the Joseon Dynasty.\" <em>Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries </em>v.28: i.1 (November 2024).", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": "https://asianartnewspaper.com/patterns-and-decoration-in-the-joseon-dynasty/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.37", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.37/2011.37_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "711", "filesize": "153698", "filename": "2011.37_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.37/2011.37_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1915", "filesize": "1044553", "filename": "2011.37_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.37/2011.37_full.tif", "width": "11838", "height": "6670", 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 169545, "creators": [{"id": 295457, "description": "Yi Taek-gyun (Korean, 1808\u2013after 1883)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\uc774\ud0dd\uade0", "birth_year": "1808", "death_year": "1883", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-06-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1875, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Scholar's Accoutrements (chaekgori)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:42:47.652000"}, {"id": 156896, "accession_number": "1993.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Italo-Geometric Bird Askos (Oil Vessel): Hunter (Herakles?) and Stag, c. 700 BCE. Attributed to Bisenzio Class. Ceramic; overall: 33.5 x 15.5 cm (13 3/16 x 6 1/8 in.); diameter of foot: 11.9 cm (4 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1993.1", "current_location": "102D Pre-Roman", "title": "Italo-Geometric Bird Askos (Oil Vessel): Hunter (Herakles?) and Stag", "creation_date": "c. 700 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -705, "creation_date_latest": -695, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Etruscan, likely made at Vulci"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Etruscan", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 33.5 x 15.5 cm (13 3/16 x 6 1/8 in.); Diameter of foot: 11.9 cm (4 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.335, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.155, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "length": 0.423, "length_inch": 16, "length_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.119, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 187171, "title": "Object in Focus: Italo-Geometric Bird Askos", "description": "<i>Object in Focus: Italo-Geometric Bird Askos</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-April 22, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Ancient Art: The Norbert Schimmel Collection</em>, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (17 September 1975-1 March 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Von Troja bis Amarna,</em> \u00c4gyptischen Museum, Berlin, Germany, (18 March-28 May 1978); Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg (24 June-3 September 1978); Pr\u00e4historischen Staatssammlung, Munich, (28 September 1978-6 January 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-03-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Said to have been found at Vulci, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Norbert Schimmel (1905\u20131990), New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1977\u20131992", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Atelier Amphora (Mario Bruno, d. 1993), Lugano, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1992\u20131993", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1993", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This askos may feature the earliest known representation of Herakles's third labor, the Keryneian hind.", "description": "This bird-shaped <em>askos </em>(oil vessel), with a tall filling spout and a pierced beak for pouring, perhaps held perfumed oil for a funerary function. Although the shape likely stems from Italian tradition, the abundantly painted geometric decoration, covering nearly every available surface, derives originally from Greece. Thus scholars have suggested that an immigrant Greek potter working in Etruria may have made the vessel. The sole narrative scene shows a man with a spear leading an antlered animal. If not an anonymous hunter, this could be the earliest known representation of the hero Herakles performing his third labor: capturing the golden-antlered Keryneian hind, or female deer.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746257"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1993.1-italo-geometric-bird"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 1002949", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/A0EE3687-EB44-4C6B-9648-E34337AF6E38"}, {"citation": "Muscarella, Oscar White. <em>Ancient Art: The Norbert Schimmel Collection</em>. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1974.", "page_number": "no. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brommer, F. \"Herakles und die Hirschkuh,\" <em>Arch\u00e4ologischer Anzeiger</em> (1977).", "page_number": "pp. 479-81, figs. 1-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Settgast, Ju\u0308rgen, Ulrich Gehrig, Eva Strommenger, and Klaus Vierneisel. <em>Von Troja bis Amarna: the Norbert Schimmel collection</em>, New York. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 70, cat. 67.", "url": null}, {"citation": "La Rocca, E. \"Crateri in argilla figulina del geometrico recente a Vulci. Aspetti della produzione ceramica d'imitazione euboica nel Villanoviano avanzato,\" <em>M\u00e9langes de l'\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise de Rome, Antiquit\u00e9</em> 90 (1978).", "page_number": "pp. 496-97, fig. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiumi, Enrico, and Mario Giustarini. <em>Studi per Enrico Fiumi.</em> Pisa: Pacini, 1979.", "page_number": "p. 24, no. 4, pl. 3.1, 26-28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Colonna, G. \"Parergon. A proposito del frammento geometrico dal Foro,\" <em>M\u00e9langes de l'\u00c9cole Fran\u00e7aise de Rome</em>, <em>Antiquit\u00e9</em> 92 (1980).", "page_number": "p. 603", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dik, R. \"Un'anfora etrusca con raffigurazioni orientalizzanti da Veio,\" <em>Mededeelingen van het Nederl. Historisch Instituut te Rome</em> 42, n.s. 7 (1980).", "page_number": "p. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dik, R. \"Un'anfora orientalizzante etrusca nel Museo Allard Pierson,\" <em>BABesch</em> 56 (1981).", "page_number": "p. 63, n. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cristofani, Mauro, and Piera Bocci Pacini.<em> Gli Etruschi in Maremma: popolamento e attivita\u0300 produttive</em>. Milano: Silvana, 1981.", "page_number": "p. 223, fig. 210", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isler, Hans Peter. <em>Ceramisti greci in Etruria in epoca tardogeometrica.</em> Lugano: Baggini-Bizzozero, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 23, no. A b 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Camporeale, Giovannangelo.<em> La caccia in Etruria</em>. Roma: G. Bretschneider, 1984.", "page_number": "p. 25, B no. 4, pl. 2b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williams, D. \"Greek Potters and their descendants in Campania and Southern Etruria, c. 720-630 BC,\" in British Museum, and Judith Swaddling (ed.).<em> Italian iron age artefacts: in the British Museum : papers of the Sixth British Museum Classical Colloquium.</em> London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications, 1986. Ch. 30 (pp. 295-304).", "page_number": "Mentioned on pp. 297, 300, n. 41.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae. 5.2, 5.2. Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae : LIMC / Publie\u0301 Par La Fondation Pour Le Lexicon Iconographicum Mithologiae Classicae (LIMC)!. Zurich: Artemis, 1990.", "page_number": "51, no. 2206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Antiquities from the Norbert Schimmel Collection</em>. 16 December 1992.", "page_number": "cat. no. 39.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1993 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (1994)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 158; Reproduced: p. 218", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Lorenz, Thuri, Gabriele Erath, Manfred Lehner, and Gerda Schwarz. <em>Komos: Festschrift Fu\u0308r Thuri Lorenz Zum 65</em>. Geburtstag. Wien: Phoibos Verlag, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 50, n. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \"Hercle in Cleveland.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 3 (1998): 6-21.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 7-8, figs. 3a-c.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20079696."}, {"citation": "Cristofani Martelli, Marina, and Benedetta Adembri. <em>La ceramica degli etruschi: la pittura vascolare.</em> [Milano?]: Istituto Geografico de Agostini, 2000.", "page_number": "Discussed and illustrated, pp. 246-248, no. 11.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer, and Gisela Walberg.<em> Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, OH]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 43-44, pl. 82-83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The persistence of geometry: form, content, and culture in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 115, color repr. p. 33, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isler, Hans Peter. <em>Ein geometrischer Krater aus Vulci.</em> [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 1982.", "page_number": "p. 175, n. 23", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1993.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.1/1993.1_web.jpg", "width": "1192", "height": "893", "filesize": "571054", "filename": "1993.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.1/1993.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2547", "filesize": "5257169", "filename": "1993.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 156896, "creators": [{"id": 379301, "description": "Bisenzio Class", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1993-02-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -705, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 700 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:10:06.268000"}, {"id": 111066, "accession_number": "1929.557", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Jerome in a Landscape, c. 1530. Domenico Campagnola (Italian, 1500\u20131564). Pen and brown ink; sheet: 24.5 x 36.5 cm (9 5/8 x 14 3/8 in.); secondary support: 31.3 x 43.3 cm (12 5/16 x 17 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Charles W. Harkness Endowment Fund, 1929.557", "current_location": null, "title": "Saint Jerome in a Landscape", "creation_date": "c. 1530", "creation_date_earliest": 1525, "creation_date_latest": 1535, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, laid down on beige(1) laid paper; paper strips mounted to perimeter of secondary support", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 24.5 x 36.5 cm (9 5/8 x 14 3/8 in.); Secondary Support: 31.3 x 43.3 cm (12 5/16 x 17 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.245, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.365, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.313, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.433, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "RECTO OF MOUNT, lower left, in graphite: 61 [6 crossed out, 1 underlined] / 236 [underlined] ; lower center, in graphite: Titian [inscribed in a cartouche] ; lower center, in graphite: 3 ; lower right, in graphite: 8930 [erased] ; lower right, in graphite: [illegible]/q", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 348134, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 2-October 29, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-07-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection (Dec. 15, 1986-Mar. 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions (Oct. 21, 1980-Feb. 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles (Mar. 6-Apr. 22, 1979), no. 100, illus., pp. 14, 73, 119.", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Dec. 1, 1970-Jan. 31, 1971; Mar. 16, 1971-    (Gallery F remained open)).", "opening_date": "1970-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Italian Prints and Drawings (Jan. 30-Mar. 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Old Master Drawings (Mar. 10-30, 1964).", "opening_date": "1930-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Jan. 11-Sep. 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Art and Humanism in the Renaissance (Jan. 22-Feb. 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Miscellaneous Installation\" (Jan. 21-Feb. 13, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, The Venetian Tradition (Nov. 8, 1956-Jan. 1, 1957), no. 65.", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, installed, gallery VI (July 22, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-07-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, installed in case, armor court (Jan. 29-Apr. 20, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-01-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Jan. 11-Apr. 8, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Jan. 20-Apr. 26, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (May. 14, 1946-Oct. 15, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (July 27, 1944- ).", "opening_date": "1944-07-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 17-Oct. 4, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings by Old Italian Masters from the Collection (June 5, 1940-Feb. 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Jan. 4-Mar. 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Feb. 10-Apr. 28, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (May 21-Dec. 13, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-05-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Exhibition of Lace, Drawings, and Furniture (July 11-Sep. 3. 1934).", "opening_date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Feb. 24-Mar. 17, 1932).", "opening_date": "1932-02-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir George Donaldson (d. 1925) (according to Agnew).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew & Sons, London, England), sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 31, 1929\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Domenico Campagnola was one of the first artists in Renaissance Italy to create drawings such as this as ends in themselves rather than as preparatory studies.", "description": "Domenico Campagnola helped to establish a specialized collector\u2019s market for landscape drawings, building upon the legacy of his father, Giulio Campagnola, and Titian. Like Titian, Domenico\u2019s works emphasize God\u2019s power as expressed through the natural world. Hermit Saint Jerome, at lower left, sits in spiritual contemplation within a dynamic landscape rendered with Domenico\u2019s distinctive linear style, complete with rustic houses, humble tree groves, and grand distant vistas. Independent drawings (drawings made as works of art in and of themselves) were a new category of drawing advanced by Domenico and others.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741480"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.557-saint-jerome-in-a-la"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Tietze, Hans, and E. Tietze-Conrat. The Drawings of the Venetian Painters in the 15th and 16th Centuries. New York: J.J. Augustin, 1944.", "page_number": "no. 452, p. 126.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. <em>Venetian Tradition: Catalogue of the Exhibition</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, 1956.", "page_number": "no. 65, p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., and Jane Glaubinger. The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles. Cleveland: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with the Indiana University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "p. 14, 73, 119, no. 100, p. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tempesti, Anna Forlani. The Robert Lehman Collection. Vol 5: Italian Fifteenth- to Seventeenth-Century Drawings. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "mentioned no. 30, p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., Burton L. Dunbar, and Robert Munman. <em>A Corpus of Drawings in Midwestern Collections: Sixteenth-Century Italian Drawings. </em>London: Harvey Miller, 2008. Vol I,", "page_number": "cat. 101, pp. 122-23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nickel, Tobias Benjamin. Die Landschaftszeichnungen von Domenico Campagnola (1500-1564). Ph.D. diss. Universit\u00e4t  Wien, 2017.", "page_number": "cat. 70, pp. 129-131", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Tietze and Tietze 1944, p. 126, no. 452", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.557", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.557/1929.557_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "619", "filesize": "301718", "filename": "1929.557_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.557/1929.557_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2337", "filesize": "4609712", "filename": "1929.557_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.557/1929.557_full.tif", "width": "9399", "height": "6460", "filesize": "182182078", "filename": "1929.557_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.557/1929.557_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "657", "filesize": "324611"}, "print": {"url": 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Harkness Endowment Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111066, "creators": [{"id": 24420, "description": "Domenico Campagnola (Italian, 1500\u20131564)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1500", "death_year": "1564", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-07-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1525, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1530", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Landscape with St. Jerome"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:00.611000"}, {"id": 117028, "accession_number": "1937.573", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Divertimento per li Regazzi (Entertainment for Children): A Spring Shower, 1797\u20131804. Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over black chalk; framing lines in brown ink over graphite on antique laid paper; image: 29.6 x 41.5 cm (11 5/8 x 16 5/16 in.); sheet: 35.5 x 47.1 cm (14 x 18 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1937.573", "current_location": null, "title": "A Spring Shower", "series": "Divertimento per li Regazzi (Entertainment for Children)", "creation_date": "1797\u20131804", "creation_date_earliest": 1797, "creation_date_latest": 1804, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over black chalk; framing lines in brown ink over graphite on antique laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 29.6 x 41.5 cm (11 5/8 x 16 5/16 in.); Sheet: 35.5 x 47.1 cm (14 x 18 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.355, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.471, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "image": {"height": 0.296, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.415, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, bottom right, in brown ink: Dom. Tiepolo f", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "upper left, in purple crayon: 74", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso, top right, in black chalk: 1", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "top right, in blue crayon: 7 [written over the \"1\"]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "bottom right, in graphite: [Painting?] small of 4 figures only [upside down]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361233, "title": "Master Drawings: An Exhibition of Drawings from American Museums and Private Collections", "description": "<i>Master Drawings: An Exhibition of Drawings from American Museums and Private Collections</i>. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (organizer).", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 361229, "title": "Six Drawings from the Life of Pulcinella by the Younger Tiepolo", "description": "<i>Six Drawings from the Life of Pulcinella by the Younger Tiepolo</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 30-April 30, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-03-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356677, "title": "Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (June 1-September 15, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356660, "title": "Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century", "description": "<i>Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century</i>. Indianapolis Museum of Art; The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (September 30-November 2, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-09-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443086, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings", "description": "<i>Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings</i>. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (organizer) (September 2-October 6, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361232, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings", "description": "<i>Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings</i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "<i>Venice as City and Theater</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356672, "title": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century", "description": "<i>The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 15-December 14, 1994); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 29-April 23, 1995); Galleria dell'Accademia, 30121 Venezia, Italy (May 25-July 30, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "<i>Imagination in the Age of Reason</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Mus\u00e9e des Arts D\u00e9coratifs, Paris, 1921.", "opening_date": "1921-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, Palace of Fine Arts. Golden Gate International Exposition (1940).", "opening_date": "1940-04-10T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sotheby, Wilkinson, and Hodge, London, anonymous sale, July 6, 1920, lot 41: \"one hundred and two Carnival Scenes, with many figures,\" sold to P. & D. Colnaghi.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(P. & D. Colnaghi, London.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Richard Owen [1873-1946], Paris.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Italico Brass [1870-1943], Venice, purchased by The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dec. 1937.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1937", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, who often depicted multiple Punchinellos (a clown figure) in his drawings, added two in this scene\u2014the figure on the left with a cloak comically draped over his head, and another on the right holding an umbrella.", "description": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, an important Venetian fresco painter of the 18th century, is best known today for his highly finished historical drawings that ingeniously incorporate details from daily life. In his series of 104 drawings known as<em> Divertimento per li Regazzi </em>(Entertainment for Children), he featured the Punchinello character from the Italian tradition of popular theater, a picaresque clown figure with a hooked nose, hunched back, and bloated belly. The character appears repeatedly in Tiepolo's sprawling narrative that rehearses the social mores of late 18th-century Venice through genre scenes of daily life, comic misadventures, and pathetic tragedies. In this enigmatic scene, one of nine sheets from the<em> Divertimento </em>at the CMA, the artist depicted a group of seven figures from the back as they wander aimlessly amid a shower that literally drips down the white paper. Domenico's characteristically tremulous lines and broad, simple washes of brown ink, laid down over an initial sketch in black chalk, capture a fresh and misty atmospheric effect that magnifies the pensive quality of the scene. The artist made this and other drawings from the series as finished works without correlations in other media.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80011388"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1937.573-a-spring-shower"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cArt Throughout America: Cleveland: Tiepolo Drawings from a Famous Series.\u201d <em>The Art News </em>37, no. 34 (May 20, 1939): 15.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Six Drawings from the Life of Pulcinella by the Younger Tiepolo.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 4 (April 1939): 46-49.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 48", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25138005"}, {"citation": "Golden Gate International Exposition, and Annemarie Henle. <em>Master Drawings, An Exhibition of Drawings from American Museums and Private Collections.</em> San Francisco, Calif: Palace of Fine Arts, Golden Gate International Exposition, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24, cat. no. 99. Reproduced: p. 43 no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palace of Fine Arts. <em>Golden Gate International Exhibition, Official Catalog. </em>San Francisco: Palace of Fine Arts, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 99, cat. no. 498.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. <em>European Master Drawings in the United States</em>. New York: J.J. Augustin Publishers, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 198-199, no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto. <em>Venetian Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in America</em>. New York: H. Bittner and Company, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pl. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts. <em>Loan Exhibition of Old Master Drawings from Midwestern Museums: Detroit Institute of Arts, June 1-September 15, 1950</em>. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Detroit Institute of Arts, and E. P. Richardson. <em>Venice, 1700-1800: An Exhibition of Venice and the Eighteenth Century.</em> Detroit: Detroit Institute of Art and John Herron Art Museum, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 63-64, no. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \u201cUna Mostra del Settecento Veneziano a Detroit.\u201d <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista Trimestrale di Storia dell\u2019Arte</em> 25 (1953).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 53-54. Reproduced: p. 53 fig. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muraro, Michelangelo and Andre Grabar. <em>Treasures of Venice</em>. Geneva: Skira, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n172"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n172"}, {"citation": "Mariuz, Adriano. <em>Giandomenico Tiepolo</em>. Venice: Alfieri, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n165"}, {"citation": "Vetrocq, Marcia E., Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, and Adelheid M. Gealt. <em>Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings. </em>Bloomington: Indiana University Art Museum, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17, p. 82; Reproduced: p. 83, no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vetrocq, Marcia. \u201cThe Divertimento per li Regazzi of Domenico Tiepolo.\u201d PhD diss., Stanford University, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 143-144, cat. no. 55. Reproduced: p. 230 no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fehl, Philipp P. \u201cFarewell to Jokes: The Last Capricci of Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo and the Tradition of Irony in Venetian Painting.\u201d <em>Critical Inquiry</em> 5, no. 4 (Summer 1979): 761-791.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 791, fig. 23.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid Medicus.\u201dThe courtship, marriage, and other exploits of Punchinello.\u201d <em>Art News</em> 78, no.9 (November 1979): 134-137.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 136-137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carmean, E.A.<em>. Picasso: The Saltimbanques</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 20, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cMuseum and Dealer\u2019s Catalogues: Frick Collection\u201d <em>The Print Collector\u2019s Newsletter </em>11, no. 1 (March-April 1980).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ashbery, John. \u201cPunch Lines.\u201d <em>New York Magazine</em>, February 18, 1980. 80.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 80.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knox, George. \"Domenico Tiepolo\u2019s Punchinello Drawings: Satire, or Labor of Love?\" In<em> Satire in the 18th Century</em>, edited by J.D. Browning, 124-146. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 145 no .74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \"Three Guitars: Reflections of Italian Comedy in Watteau, Daumier, and Picasso.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 4 (1984): 116-29.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122; Reproduced: p. 23 fig. 11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159858"}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid Medicus and James Byam Shaw. <em>Domenico Tiepolo: The Punchinello Drawings. </em>New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 21, 160; Reproduced: frontispiece, pl. 68.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levey, Michael. <em>Giambattista Tiepolo: His Life and Art</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 134 fig. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mariuz, Adriano. \u201cI disegni di Pulcinella di Giandomenico Tiepolo.\u201d <em>Arte Veneta </em>40, (1986).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 273 fig. 11.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Succi, Dario, Madelein Barbin, Annalia Delneri, Arnaldo Momo, and Michelangelo Muraro. <em>I Tiepolo: Virtuosismo e ironia</em>. Turin: Umberto Allemandi &amp; Co., 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 303 under no. 10, 322; Reproduced: p. 322.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pedrocco, Filippo. <em>Disegni di Giandomenico Tiepolo</em>. Milan: Berenice, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90 no. 39;  Reproduced: pl. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fehl, Philipp P. <em>Decorum and Wit: The Poetry of Venetian Painting, Essays in the History of The Classical Tradition.</em> Vienna: IRSA, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 348 fig. 224.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. <em>The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century</em>. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 329-30, 505, no. 223", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alpers, Svetlana. \u201cPost-Genius Venice.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> (March 1995): 62-69.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scir\u00e9, Giovanna Nepi, et al. <em>Splendori del Settecento Veneziano</em>. Milan: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 476, no. 204.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gealt, Adelheid M., George Knox, Giuseppe Bergamini, and Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.<em> Domenico Tiepolo: Master Draftsman.</em> Milan, Italy: Electa, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246, no. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paulin, Roger and Peter Hutchinson. <em>Rilke\u2019s Duino Elegies</em>. London: Duckworth and Ariadne Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 77, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wolk-Simon, Linda. \"Domenico Tiepolo: Drawings, Prints, and Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.\" <em>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</em> 54, no. 3 (1996): 1-68.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 26 under no. 39, 68 no. 107", "url": "doi:10.2307/3269143"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 27, p. 4, pp. 74-75, pp. 286-287; Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mariuz, Adriano and Giuseppe Pavanello. <em>Tiepolo: Ironia e comico</em>. Venice: Marsilio, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calasso, Roberto. <em>Il Rosa Tiepolo</em>. Milan: Adelphi, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59; Reproduced: p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "McHale, Katherine. \u201cChild\u2019s Play? Giandomenico Tiepolo\u2019s Punchinello Drawings and the Fall of Venice.\u201d <em>Master Drawings</em> 50, no. 1 (Spring 2012): 95-114.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110; Reproduced: p. 111 fig. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 159", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1937.573", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.573/1937.573_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "229199", "filename": "1937.573_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.573/1937.573_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2549", "filesize": "1696825", "filename": "1937.573_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.573/1937.573_full.tif", "width": "5730", "height": "4296", "filesize": "73877208", "filename": "1937.573_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117028, "creators": [{"id": 1185, "description": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1804", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1937-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1797, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1797\u20131804", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Punchinello in a Rainstorm", "Walking in the Rain"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:57:53.239000"}, {"id": 132416, "accession_number": "1954.865", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Reclining Nude (Fernande), 1906. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Watercolor and gouache with pencil and possibly charcoal on paper; sheet: 47.3 x 61.3 cm (18 5/8 x 24 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Michael Straight, 1954.865. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "Reclining Nude (Fernande)", "creation_date": "1906", "creation_date_earliest": 1906, "creation_date_latest": 1906, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "Watercolor and gouache with pencil and possibly charcoal on paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige modern laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Spanish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 47.3 x 61.3 cm (18 5/8 x 24 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.473, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.613, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in pink crayon: Picasso [underlined]; verso, upper left, in black crayon: 2548 [in a box; upside down]; upper right, in black crayon: 2548 [in a box; sideways]; lower left, in blue crayon: ph / 94 [sideways]; lower right, in black crayon: 2548 [in a box; sideways]\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361419, "title": "An Inaugural Exhibition: El Greco, Rembrandt, Goya, C\u00e9zanne, Van Gogh, Picasso", "description": "<i>An Inaugural Exhibition: El Greco, Rembrandt, Goya, C\u00e9zanne, Van Gogh, Picasso</i>. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (September 12-October 20, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-09-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361420, "title": "Picasso and Man", "description": "<i>Picasso and Man</i>. Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (January 11-February 16, 1964); Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (February 28-March 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301789, "title": "In Memoriam - Pablo Picasso, 1881 - 1973", "description": "<i>In Memoriam - Pablo Picasso, 1881 - 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 10-May 7, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442780, "title": "Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (May 22-September 16, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361421, "title": "Picasso: Masterpieces from Marina Picasso Collection and from Museums in U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.", "description": "<i>Picasso: Masterpieces from Marina Picasso Collection and from Museums in U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.</i>. The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (April 2-May 29, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442184, "title": "Pablo Picasso", "description": "<i>Pablo Picasso</i>. The National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (co-organizer) (April 2-May 29, 1983); Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, Kyoto, Japan (co-organizer) (June 10-July 24, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361421, "title": "Picasso: Masterpieces from Marina Picasso Collection and from Museums in U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.", "description": "<i>Picasso: Masterpieces from Marina Picasso Collection and from Museums in U.S.A. and U.S.S.R.</i>. Kyoto Municipal Museum of Art, Kyoto, Japan (June 10-July 24, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442070, "title": "Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle (Picasso: Pastels, Paintings, Watercolors)", "description": "<i>Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle (Picasso: Pastels, Paintings, Watercolors)</i>. K\u00fcnsthalle Tubingen, D-72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany (April 5-June 1, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-04-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361422, "title": "Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle", "description": "<i>Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle</i>. K\u00fcnsthalle Tubingen, D-72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany (organizer) (April 5-June 1, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-04-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442070, "title": "Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle (Picasso: Pastels, Paintings, Watercolors)", "description": "<i>Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle (Picasso: Pastels, Paintings, Watercolors)</i>. Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany, Dusseldorf 1, Germany (organizer) (June 13-July 27, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-04-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361422, "title": "Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle", "description": "<i>Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle</i>. Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany (June 14-July 27, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-04-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361423, "title": "Picasso, 1905-1906", "description": "<i>Picasso, 1905-1906</i>. Museu Picasso, Barcelona, Spain (organizer) (February 5-April 19, 1992); Kunstmuseum Bern, Bern, Switzerland (May 8-July 26, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-02-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 177096, "title": "Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906", "description": "<i>Picasso:  The Early Years, 1892-1906</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (March 30-July 27, 1997); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (September 10, 1997-January 4, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-03-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222347, "title": "Picasso's Drawings, 1890-1921: Reinventing Tradition ", "description": "<i>Picasso's Drawings, 1890-1921: Reinventing Tradition </i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (October 4, 2011-January 8, 2012); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (February 5-May 6, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 317581, "title": "Picasso and Paper", "description": "<i>Picasso and Paper</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (co-organizer) (January 25-August 2, 2020) https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/exhibition/picasso-and-paper; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (December 8, 2024-March 23, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-12-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Pablo Picasso</em>. Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT (February 6 - March 1, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-02-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Paul Guillaume, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1934-by 1954", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Michael Straight, Washington, D.C., given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Picasso mixed his paints with an unidentified material to produce the spotted effect most noticeable on Fernande's lower torso and the blue blanket below her.", "description": "This drawing depicts Picasso's lover Fernande Olivier, with whom he spent the summer of 1906 in the remote Spanish village of G\u00f3sol, where he made this sheet. Picasso was engaged in radical experimentation with technique and simplified formal distortions at this time, and this shift in his work can be seen in Fernande's stylized face and somewhat disjointed gesture, and in the expressive strokes and spotted effects of the gouache.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780887"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Zervos, Christian. <em>Pablo Picasso, Vol. 1: Oeuvres de 1895 \u00e0 1906</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions Cahiers d'art, 1, 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 317; Reproduced: plate 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Pablo Picasso</em>. Exh. Cat. Hartford, CT: Wadsworth Atheneum, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>An Inaugural Exhibition: El Greco, Rembrandt, Goya, C\u00e9zanne, Van Gogh, Picasso</em>. Exh. Cat. Milwaukee: Milwaukee Art Institute, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 519", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n96"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cIn Pursuit of: Content.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 8 (October 1963): 219\u2013239.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151964"}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland. <em>Picasso and Man</em>. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Toronto, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre, Georges Boudaille, and Joan Rosselet. Picasso:<em> The Blue and Rose Periods; a Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of the Paintings, 1900-1906.</em> Greenwich, Conn.: New York Graphic Society, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 100 and Reproduced: p.305, XV.47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n219"}, {"citation": "Hilton, Timothy. <em>Picasso</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67; Reproduced: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gaya Nu\u00f1o, Juan Antonio. <em>Picasso</em>. Madrid: Aguilar, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, William, ed. <em>Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59; Reproduced: p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palau i Fabre, Josep. <em>Picasso: The Early Years 1881-1907</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 460 and 552; Reproduced: p. 461", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Quarterly Bulletin, South African National Gallery</em> (February 1981).", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Picasso: Masterpieces from Marina Picasso Collection and from Museums in U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. </em>Exh. Cat. Tokyo: National Museum of Modern Art, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spies, Werner. <em>Picasso: Pastelle, Zeichnungen, Aquarelle</em>. Exh. Cat. T\u00fcbingen: Kunsthalle, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; Reproduced: no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre, Georges Boudaille, and Joan Rosselet. <em>Picasso 1900-1906: catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'oeuvre peint</em>. Neucha\u0302tel: Editions Ides et Calendes, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 100, 305, no. XV.47; Reproduced: p. 305", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, William. \"La Gen\u00e8se des <em>Demoiselles d'Avignon</em>.\" In <em>Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</em>, 367-488. Paris: Mus\u00e9e Picasso, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 398; Reproduced: p. 399", "url": null}, {"citation": "Catoni, Maria Luisa. \"Parigi 1904: Picasso 'iberico' e le 'Demoiselles d'Avignon'.\" <em>Bollettino d'Arte</em> 75, no. 6 (1990): 117-130.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122; Reproduced: p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre. <em>Picasso</em>. Paris: Ch\u00eane, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 151, no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chevalier, Denys. <em>Picasso: The Blue and Rose Periods</em>. New York: Crown Publishers, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: back cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, John. <em>A Life of Picasso, Volume I: 1881-1906</em>. New York: Random House, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 448", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oshima, Seiji. <em>Picasso: Mus\u00e9e Picasso, Volume II</em>. Toyko: Tokyo Art Institute, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "L\u00e9vy, Lorraine. <em>Picasso</em>. Translated by Barbara Beaumont. London: Barrie &amp; Jenkins, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 151, no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, John.<em> A Life of Picasso. </em>Vol. 1: 1886\u20131906 New York: Random House, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 448", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rubin, William and Matthew Armstrong. <em>The William S. Paley Collection</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hovdenakk, Per. <em>Picasso Besoker Norge</em>. Exh. Cat. Oslo: Henie-Onstad Kunstsenter, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60; Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rivero, Nu\u0301ria. <em>Picasso, 1905-1906: From the Rose Period to the Ochres of Go\u0301sol.</em> Barcelona: Electa, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 342, cat. no. 295; Reproduced: p. 343", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrison, Charles, Francis Frascina, and Gill Perry. <em>Primitivism, Cubism, Abstraction: The Early Twentieth Century</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 120; Reproduced: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, William, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Seckel, and Judith Cousins. <em>Studies in Modern Art 3: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, William, ed. <em>Picasso and Portraiture: Representation and Transformation</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 266", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCully, Marilyn, ed. <em>Picasso: The Early Years, 1892-1906</em>. Exh. Cat. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 267, p. 296, no. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCully, Marilyn, ed. and Natasha Elena Staller. <em>Picasso--the Early Years, 1892-1906</em>. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 267", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 230-231, cat. no. 96, p. 296", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Jordi Falga\u0300s, and Carmen Belen Lord. <em>Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi\u0301, Miro\u0301, Dali\u0301</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 242-247; Reproduced: p. 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galassi, Susan Grace and Marilyn McCully. <em>Picasso's Drawings, 1890-1921: Reinventing Tradition</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Frick Collection, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 128-129, no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 167", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valle\u0300s, Eduard. <em>Picasso: obra catalana</em>. Barcelona: Enciclop\u00e8dia Catalana, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 266-[267]", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mathieu, Camille. \"Origin Points: Archaeology and the Search for Authenticity.\" In <em>Picasso, Rivera: Conversations Across Time. </em>Diana Magaloni, and Michael Govan, eds., 72-127. Los Angeles, California: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Munich: DelMonico Books/Prestel, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84, left", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lloyd, Christopher. <em>Picasso and the Art of Drawing.</em> London: Modern Art Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68, fig. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumas, Ann. \"The Rose Period.\" In <em>Picasso and Paper</em>. William H. Robinson, et al., 80-101. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 101, cat. no. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vila, Cristina. <em>Fernande Olivier | Pablo Picasso: y sus amigos. </em>Barcelona: Fundaci\u00f3 Museu Picasso de Barcelona, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jaques Pi, J\u00e8ssica. \"Por Una Filosof\u00eda del Arte Ginoc\u00e9ntrica. El Caso Picasso.\" In <em>Picasso y La Filosof\u00eda, </em>39-65. Madrid: C\u00edrculo de Bellas Artes, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52; Reproduced: p. 53", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Zervos I.317; Sutton/Lecaldano 295; Daix, Boudaille, Rosselet XV.47; Palau i Fabre 1308; PP 1906-046", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.865", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Michael Straight", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132416, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1906, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1906", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-27 11:39:55.789000"}, {"id": 168739, "accession_number": "2010.444", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Crucifix, late 1800s-early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Kongo Kingdom, Kongo-style maker(s). Copper alloy, wood, upholstery studs, and iron alloy; overall: 44.7 x 22.2 x 3.2 cm (17 5/8 x 8 3/4 x 1 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.444", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Crucifix", "creation_date": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Kongo Kingdom, Kongo-style maker(s)"], "technique": "Copper alloy, wood, upholstery studs, and iron alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 44.7 x 22.2 x 3.2 cm (17 5/8 x 8 3/4 x 1 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.447, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.222, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.032, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202001, "title": "Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture", "description": "<i>Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 2013-February 9, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels, Belgium (1945-1949)", "opening_date": "1945-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Leuven, Belgium.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (October 31, 1970-February 10, 1971)", "opening_date": "1970-10-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Villa H\u00fcgel, Essen, Germany (March 25-June 13, 1971)", "opening_date": "1971-03-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium (March 25-June 5, 1988)", "opening_date": "1988-03-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Ralet, Brussels, Belgium, sold to Jef and Ren\u00e9 Vanderstraete", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131945", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jef and Ren\u00e9 Vanderstraete, Lasne, Belgium, 1959-1963, sold to Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945-1963", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Ren\u00e9 [1901-1998] and Odette Delenne [1925-2012], Brussels, Belgium, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1963\u20132010", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This x-shapes of the cross and on Christ's wrapper are forms with symbolic meaning tied to the life cycle in both Catholicism and in the indigenous Kongo religion.", "description": "An artist made this crucifix from wood and metal centuries after Catholicism became the Kongo Kingdom\u2019s official faith. Following King Nzinga a Nkuwu's 1491 decision to convert, Kongo Christianity uniquely reflected its surroundings. While early Christ images arrived from Portugal and Italy, this later local example has braids like a Kongo man. Worn smooth by repeated touch, the lower figure is the Virgin Mary or a worshiper knelt in mourning or respect. The x-shape incised into his waist wrapper references the <em>dikenga dia Kongo</em>. This likely pre-Christian symbol diagrams the life cycle's four points.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759927"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.444-crucifix"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "de Borchgrave d'Alt\u00e9na, J. \"Christs de l'ancien Congo.\" In <em>L'Artisan et les Arts Liturgiques</em> [special issue on <em>Art chr\u00e9tien du Congo</em>] 18, no. 4 (1949): 378.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 378, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leuzinger, Elsy. <em>Die Kunst von Schwarz-Afrika</em>, 270. Exh. Cat. Recklinghausen: Verlag Aurel Bongers, in association with Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, October 31, 1970-February 10, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 270, cat. S7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bastin, Marie-Louise, et al. <em>Utotombo. L'Art d'Afrique noire dans les collections priv\u00e9es belges: Socie\u0301te\u0301 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles, 25 mars-5 juin 1988</em>, 206. Exh. Cat. Brussels: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, March 25-June 5, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64; reproduced: p. 206, cat. 165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne.\" In <em>Tribal Art</em> XV-4, no. 61 (Autumn 2011): 122.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 122, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, et al. <em>Fragments of the Invisible: The Rene\u0301 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art. Milan: 5 Continents Editions, 2013, 40-41, 108, 112.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43; mentioned: pp. 40-41, 108, 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leuzinger, Elsy. <em>Afrikanische Kunstwerke: Kulturen am Niger</em>, 274. Exh. Cat. Recklinghausen: Verlag Aurel Bongers, in association with Villa H\u00fcgel, March 25-June 13, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274, cat. no. S 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Fred T., Judith Perani, Joseph L. Underwood, and Martha J. Ehrlich. The Visual Arts of Africa : Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 253, no. 9.3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.444", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.444/2010.444_web.jpg", "width": "588", "height": "893", "filesize": "213165", "filename": "2010.444_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.444/2010.444_print.jpg", "width": "2240", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4063195", "filename": "2010.444_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.444/2010.444_full.tif", "width": "4269", "height": "6479", "filesize": "83013536", "filename": "2010.444_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.444/2010.444_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "573", "height": "893", "filesize": "211485"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.444/2010.444_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2183", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4010990"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.444/2010.444_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3566", "height": "5553", "filesize": "59447760"}, "date_created": "2011-05-05T14:57:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.444/2010.444_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "615", "height": "893", "filesize": "220744"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.444/2010.444_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2340", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4318531"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.444/2010.444_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4012", "height": "5828", "filesize": "70177064"}, "date_created": "2011-05-05T15:19:28", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168739, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-06-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:40:28.019000"}, {"id": 134610, "accession_number": "1957.141", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Hunt, 300\u2013100 BCE. China, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE) to Western Han dynasty (206 BCE\u20138 CE). Painted clamshell; overall: 7.5 x 9 cm (2 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Homer H. Tielke Jr., in honor of the fortieth wedding anniversary of Mr. and Mrs. Homer H. Tielke Sr., 1957.141", "current_location": "241A Arts of Ancient China", "title": "The Hunt", "creation_date": "300\u2013100 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -300, "creation_date_latest": -100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE) to Western Han dynasty (206 BCE\u20138 CE)"], "technique": "Painted clamshell", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Zhou Dynasty", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 7.5 x 9 cm (2 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.075, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.09, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "<i>1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519277, "title": "Chinese Art", "description": "<i>Chinese Art</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (January 8-26, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "<i>China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese Painting</em>. Vassar College Art Gallery, Poughkeepsie, NY (May 22-June 10, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-05-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Arts of the Han Dynasty</em>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (February 7-March 26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-02-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Samuel Hubert Minkenhof [1879\u20131956], Amsterdam, Netherlands, and New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(C.T. Loo \u76e7\u82b9\u9f4b [1880\u20131957], Paris, France, and New York, NY, purchased with funds from Homer H. Tielke Jr. [1918\u20132004] for gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A four-horse chariot and a two-horse chariot are both depicted in this hunting scene.", "description": "The inside of this shell preserves the earliest, extant figure paintings in Chinese history.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517427"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.141-the-hunt"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Vassar College. <em>Chinese Painting: Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Exhibition May 22 to June 10, 1940</em>. Poughkeepsie, NY: The Gallery, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. nos. 1, 2, pl. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 812", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n144"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Early Chinese Painted Shells with Hunting Scenes.\" <em>Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America</em> 11 (1957): 69\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 69\u201375; Reproduced: p. 71, figs. 1a, 2a, 3a", "url": "Stable URL  https://www.jstor.org/stable/20066993"}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Trubner, Henry. <em>Arts of the Han Dynasty</em>. New York: Chinese Art Society of America, Asia House, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Chinese Art: An Exhibition of Paintings, Jades, Bronzes and Ceramics: Being a Contribution Made by Smith College Museum of Art to the College Interim Session, 1962</em>. Northampton, MA: The Smith College Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 1, pl. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sullivan, Michael. <em>The Birth of Landscape Painting in China</em>. London: Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: color pl. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Li, Dun Jen. <em>The Ageless Chinese, A History</em>. New York: Scribner, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  p. 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Toynbee, Arnold, and Else\u0301 Glahn. <em>Half the World: The History and Culture of China and Japan</em>. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 37, pl. 12", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.141", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.141/1957.141_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "655045", "filename": "1957.141_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.141/1957.141_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "5142043", "filename": "1957.141_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.141/1957.141_full.tif", "width": "3415", "height": "2732", "filesize": "28020212", "filename": "1957.141_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Homer H. 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Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Porcelain with underglaze blue; diameter of base: 14.7 cm (5 13/16 in.); overall: 39.5 cm (15 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1986.85", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Jar with Dragon Design", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790 \uccad\ud654 \uc6b4\ub8e1\ubb34\ub2ac \ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u9751\u7575\u96f2\u9f8d\u6587\u58fa]", "creation_date": "1700s", "creation_date_earliest": 1700, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "porcelain with underglaze blue", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of base: 14.7 cm (5 13/16 in.); Overall: 39.5 cm (15 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of base": {"width": 0.147, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "overall": {"height": 0.395, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.156, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "outer diameter": {"width": 0.299, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "height of mouth": {"height": 0.017, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1986</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310291, "title": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia", "description": "<i>Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 295535, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "<i>Korean Gallery 236 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 10, 2017-January 8, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 373312, "title": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea", "description": "<i>Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 7-October 25, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 670878, "title": "Pattern and Decoration in Royal Art of the Joseon Dynasty", "description": "<i>Pattern and Decoration in Royal Art of the Joseon Dynasty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2024-March 16, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 695133, "title": "Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art", "description": "<i>Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10, 2026-April 25, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Robert W. Moore, Los Angeles, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1986", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1986", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1986-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A mythical creature believed to have the power to make rain, the dragon is a prominent symbol of rulers in premodern East Asia; the image of dragons was used exclusively for the king's paraphernalia.", "description": "As a mythical creature believed to make rain, the dragon served as a symbol of rulers in premodern East Asia. Here, a cobalt blue dragon is depicted flying through clouds to catch a flaming, wish-granting jewel called a <em>cintamani</em>. 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Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 8 (1990): 286-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 24, p. 318", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "Bang, Byung-sun. \"A Chronology of late Joseon-dynasty Porcelains Based on the Analysis of Dragon-and-Cloud Motifs [\u96f2\u9f8d\u6587 \ubd84\uc11d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574\uc11c \ubcf8 \uc870\uc120 \ud6c4\uae30 \ubc31\uc790\uc758 \ud3b8\ub144 \uccb4\uc81c].\" <em>Musul sahak yeongu </em>(1998): 45-78.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00986384"}, {"citation": "Jang, Gi-hoon. \"Stylistic Changes in Joseon-Period Dragon Jars [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ubc31\uc790\uc6a9\uc900\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd \ubcc0\ucc9c\uace0].\" <em>Misulsa yeongu</em> (1998): 85-122.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00195363"}, {"citation": "Jeon, Seung-chang. \"A Study on the Operating and Distributing System of the Joseon Royal Kilns [\uc870\uc120 \uad00\uc694\uc758 \ubd84\ud3ec\uc640 \uc6b4\uc601\uccb4\uacc4 \uc5f0\uad6c-. <em>Misulsa yeongu </em>(2004): 3-30.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00571822"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kyeong-sook. <em>History of Korean Ceramics</em> [\u97d3\u570b\u9676\u78c1\u53f2]. Seoul: Yekyong, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>In Grand Style: Celebrations in Korean Art During the Joseon Dynasty</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Koo, Hyein. \u201cThe Patterns on White Porcelain Dragon Jars Used <br>as Liquor Vessels in the Joseon Dynasty and Their Relationship to Royal Rituals [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \uc8fc\uc900(\u9152\u6a3d)\uc6a9 \ubc31\uc790\uc6a9\uc900(\u767d\u78c1\u9f8d\u6a3d)\uc758 \ubb38\uc591\uacfc \uc655\uc2e4 \uc758\ub840\uc640\uc758 \uad00\uacc4].\u201d <em>Misulsa hakbo</em> (2017): 7\u201334.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE07195903"}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "081f588b9ca24a0ea5ed79ee3d7bed47", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/081f588b9ca24a0ea5ed79ee3d7bed47", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153401, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-11-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Storage Jar with Dragon Design"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.659000"}, {"id": 156113, "accession_number": "1991.46", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Salver, c. 1907. Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940), Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937). Gilt silver and ivory; overall: 14.6 x 33 cm (5 3/4 x 13 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1991.46", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Salver", "creation_date": "c. 1907", "creation_date_earliest": 1902, "creation_date_latest": 1912, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Paris"], "technique": "Gilt silver and ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 14.6 x 33 cm (5 3/4 x 13 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.146, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.33, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed inside one of six ovoid compartments:  \"Bugatti\" in ligature.  Engraved on back:  A.A. HEBRAND/ 8 RUE ROYAL/PARIS FRANCE.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 191440, "title": "Bugatti", "description": "<i>Bugatti</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 18-September 19, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-07-18T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220633, "title": "Carlo Bugatti", "description": "<i>Carlo Bugatti</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (organizer) (April 9-July 15, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-04-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. 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[d. 1956], by descent to her son Robert da Costa Blake", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1907-c. 1956", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Robert da Costa Blake, Cape Town, South Africa, sold (Kirkcaldy's, 24 May 1965, lot 202)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1956-1965", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Private collection, South Africa, sold (Galerie Moderne, Ltd., London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "until c. 1991", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 156112, "description": "Tea Table, c. 1907. Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940). Inlaid wood (mahogany?), cast and gilded bronze mounts, inlays of ivory or bone, metal, and mother-of-pearl (marine mussels or pearl oysters); overall: 71.5 x 67.1 x 41.3 cm (28 1/8 x 26 7/16 x 16 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1991.45", "relationship": null}, {"id": 150156, "description": "Tea and Coffee Service, c. 1907. Carlo Bugatti (Italian, 1856\u20131940), Adrien-Aur\u00e9lien Hebrard (French, 1866\u20131937). Gilt silver and ivory. The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Thomas L. Fawick Memorial Collection, 1980.74", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Carlo Bugatti's sons achieved illustrious careers of their own. Rembrandt Bugatti (1884-1916) became a celebrated sculptor, and Ettore Bugatti (1881-1947) manufactured luxurious automobiles and racing cars.", "description": "This tea and coffee service, salver, and table, together with some now missing cups, were all designed by Carlo Bugatti as an ensemble and presented at the 1902 exposition devoted to decorative arts in Turin, Italy. The set was probably acquired from Bugatti's 1907 exhibition at the Galerie H\u00e9brard in Paris by a wealthy South African widow, Anna Blake, who was living there at the time. Some of the animal and insect motifs suggest mythical beasts or the fossils of prehistoric animals. 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Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced P 157", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=31823650"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H., Ve\u0301ronique Fromanger Des Cordes, and Mickey Mishne. <em>Bugatti</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced P 26, cat. no. 39, fig. 38", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=41002835"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 55-6", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=50820863"}, {"citation": "Masse\u0301, Marie-Madeleine. <em>Carlo Bugatti au Muse\u0301e d'Orsay: catalogue sommaire illustre\u0301 du fonds d'archives et des collections</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced P 39, cat. no. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique</em>. Cleveland, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 35-7, 40, 324-5, cat. no. 10", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=230187932"}, {"citation": "Fromanger, Ve\u0301ronique. <em>Rembrandt Bugatti Sculpteur: Re\u0301pertoire Monographique</em>. Paris: L'Amateur, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned P 8, fig. 69", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=537862059"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced PP 294-5", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=813973055"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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East Greek, probably Milesian. Ceramic; diameter of mouth: 2 cm (13/16 in.); overall: 9 cm (3 9/16 in.); diameter of base: 3.7 cm (1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Dr. Leo Mildenberg in honor of Arielle P. Kozloff, 1991.50", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Monkey-Shaped Aryballos (Oil Vessel)", "creation_date": "c. 580 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -585, "creation_date_latest": -575, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["East Greek, probably Milesian"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter of mouth: 2 cm (13/16 in.); Overall: 9 cm (3 9/16 in.); Diameter of base: 3.7 cm (1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.02, "width_inch": 0, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "overall": {"height": 0.09, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.037, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 217424, "title": "Aus Noah Arche - antike Tierbilder der Sammlung Mildenberg", "description": "<i>Aus Noah Arche - antike Tierbilder der Sammlung Mildenberg</i>. Pr\u00e4historische Staatssammlung, Museum f\u00fcr Vor- und Fr\u00fchgeschichte, Munich (October 10, 1996-January 12, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-10-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Classical Art from a New York Collection</em>, Andre Emmerich Gallery, New York, NY (27 September-16 November 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-09-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Animals in Ancient Art from the Leo Mildenberg Collection</em>, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (21 October-29 November 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Tierbilder aus vier Jahrtausenden aus der Sammlung Mildenberg</em>, Antikenmuseum Berlin, (26 March-5 June 1983); Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Kassel, (1 July-25 September 1983); Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Gewerbe, Hamburg, (January-April 1984); Pr\u00e4historische Staatsammlung, Munich, (May-July 1984); Museum f\u00fcr Vor- und Fr\u00fchgeschichte, Freiburg, (1984).", "opening_date": "1983-03-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Animals in Ancient Art from the Leo Mildenberg Collection</em>, Archaeological (Rockefeller) Museum, Jerusalem (Autumn 1986-May 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-05-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1991-", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "An aryballos is a small jar for scented oils and perfumes.", "description": "Perfume flasks in the form of a monkey are numerous, but few are as well made and preserved as this one. The flask was worn suspended from the wrist by a cord. Its owner would take it to the communal baths and anoint himself with its contents afterward. Such flasks have been found throughout the Mediterranean and Egypt, but this vessel was likely made at a Greek settlement on the west coast of Asia Minor.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760875"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.50-monkey-shaped-arybal"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 1002947", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/7C0ED709-65E4-4789-B068-F0286ACDFCCC"}, {"citation": "Ducat, Jean. <em>Les Vases plastiques rhodiens archai\u0308ques en terre cuite</em>. Paris: F., de Boccard, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 122, no. C-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Andre\u0301 Emmerich Gallery. <em>Classical Art from a New York Collection: An Exhibition of Ancient Bronzes, Figurative Plastic Vases and Other Ancient Works of Art, Organized in Cooperation with Mu\u0308nzen Und Medaillen AG, Basle, Switzerland, September 27-November 16, 1977.</em> New York: Andre\u0301 Emmerich Gallery, 1977.", "page_number": "no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., and Leo Mildenberg. <em>Animals in Ancient Art: From the Leo Mildenberg Collection. </em>Cleveland (Ohio): Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "p. 117, no. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gehrig, Ulrich. <em>Tierbilder aus vier Jahrtausenden: Antiken aus Sammlung Mildenberg</em>. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 102, no. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., David Gordon Mitten, and Michel Sguaitamatti. <em>More Animals in Ancient Art from the Leo Mildenberg Collection</em>. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1986.", "page_number": "no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H., Alan Chong, Henry Hawley, Jane Glaubinger, Tom E. Hinson, Henry John Drewal, Margaret Young-S\u00e1nchez, Stanislaw J. Czuma, J. Keith Wilson, Michael R. Cunningham, Lawrence M. Berman, Ariell\u00e9 P. Kozloff, Renate Eikelmann, Michael J. Miller, Anne E. Wardwell, and Bruce Robertson. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991)", "page_number": "p. 70", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Zahlhaas, Gisela. <em>Aus Noahs Arche: Tierbilder der Sammlung Mildenberg aus fu\u0308nf Jahrtausenden. </em>Mu\u0308nchen: P. von Zabern, 1996.", "page_number": "no. 62, p. 80, no. 138, p. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mottahedeh, Patricia Erhart, and Gisela Zahlhaas. Out of Noah's Ark: Animals in Ancient Art from the Leo Mildenburg Collection. Mainz: P. von Zabern, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 80, no. 62, 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer, and Gisela Walberg. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, OH]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "pp. 23-24, pl. 59.3-7", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.50", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.50/1991.50_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "893", "filesize": "275041", "filename": "1991.50_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.50/1991.50_print.jpg", "width": "2172", "height": "3400", "filesize": "939634", "filename": "1991.50_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.50/1991.50_full.tif", "width": "3894", "height": "6096", "filesize": "71234432", "filename": "1991.50_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Dr. Leo Mildenberg in honor of Arielle P. Kozloff", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 156119, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-04-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -585, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 580 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:06:58.210000"}, {"id": 163551, "accession_number": "2004.89", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "New Mexico Recollection, c. 1923. Marsden Hartley (American, 1877\u20131943). Oil on canvas; framed: 101.6 x 120.7 x 7.6 cm (40 x 47 1/2 x 3 in.); unframed: 80 x 99.7 cm (31 1/2 x 39 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund with additional support from the Gill and Tommy LiPuma Fund, 2004.89", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "New Mexico Recollection", "creation_date": "c. 1923", "creation_date_earliest": 1918, "creation_date_latest": 1928, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 101.6 x 120.7 x 7.6 cm (40 x 47 1/2 x 3 in.); Unframed: 80 x 99.7 cm (31 1/2 x 39 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.016, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.207, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.8, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.997, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 223965, "title": "The Search for an American Modernism: Marsden Hartley and New Mexico", "description": "<i>The Search for an American Modernism: Marsden Hartley and New Mexico</i>. Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, Santa Fe, NM (organizer) (January 25-May 11, 2008); Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, TX (June 14-August 24, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-01-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Marsden Hartley and Walt Kuhn: The Landscapes.</em> Salander O'Reilly Galleries, New York (January 5-February 27, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Modernism and the German Avant-Garde. </em>Hollis Taggart Galleries, New York (May 20-July 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-05-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Marsden Hartley: Observation and Intuition. </em>Hackett-Freedman Gallery, San Francisco (February 1-March 31, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>High Notes of American Modernism: Selections from the Tommy and Gill LiPuma Collection. </em>Berry-Hill Galleries, Inc., New York (November 14-December 31, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Modern American Masters: Highlights from the Gill and Tommy LiPuma Collections. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland (March 28-July14, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-28T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "William Bullitt, Jr. [1891\u20131967], Washington, DC, acquired by 1946", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Christopher Huntington [b. 1938], Annapolis County, Nova Scotia, Canada, until 1985", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "[Barridoff Galleries, South Portland, ME, September 28, 1985, lot 109]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Private collection, New York, NY, purchased in 1985", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "[Salander-O'Reilly Galleries, New York, NY]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Tommy and Gill LiPuma, New York, NY, purchased by 1987", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, acquired in 2004", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hartley studied briefly at the Cleveland School (now Institute) of Art in 1898.", "description": "Although Hartley visited New Mexico during 1917\u201318, this landscape was painted a few years later when he lived temporarily in Berlin, Germany. This distance in time and place seems to have spurred the artist\u2019s imagination: with its agitated paint application, turbulent composition, and somber palette, <em>New Mexico Recollection</em> evokes an emotional state more than it records a particular site.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480268"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kootz, Samuel M. <em>New Frontiers in American Painting.</em> New York: Hastings House, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25-34; Reproduced: no. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salander, Lawrence B. <em>Marsden Hartley (1877-1943) Paintings and Drawings. </em>New York: Salander-O'Reilly Galleries, Inc., 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10; Reproduced: p. 23, no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hartley, Marsden, Peter Selz, and Hackett-Freedman Gallery, Inc. <em>Marsden Hartley: Observation and Intuition</em>. San Francisco: Hackett-Freedman Gallery, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Agee, William C., and Bruce Weber. <em>High Notes of American Modernism: Selections from the Tommy and Gill LiPuma Collection: November 14-December 31, 2002</em>. New York: Berry-Hill Galleries, Inc, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89, Reproduced: p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harnsberger, R. Scott. <em>Four Artists of the Stieglitz Circle: A Sourcebook on Arthur Dove, Marsden Hartley, John Marin, and Max Weber.</em> Westport: Greenwood Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glueck, Grace. \"Art Review: Serendipity's Reward: A Spirited Collection of Four Disparate Americans.\" <em>The New York Times, </em>Friday, November 29, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. E29", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Cleveland Museum of Art Annual Report, </em>2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16, 22-23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hole, Heather. <em>Marsden Hartley and the West: the Search for an American Modernism</em>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104; Reproduced: p. 103, fig.90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13, no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sullivan, Edward J. <em>Making the Americas Modern: Hemispheric Art, 1910-1960.</em> London: Laurence King Publishing, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 65; Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2004.89", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund with additional support from the Gill and Tommy LiPuma Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. Robert B. Benyo Trust Gallery", "athena_id": 163551, "creators": [{"id": 3104, "description": "Marsden Hartley (American, 1877\u20131943)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1877", "death_year": "1943", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2004-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1918, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1923", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:32.875000"}, {"id": 139825, "accession_number": "1963.583", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Elegy to the Spanish Republic No. LV, 1955\u201360. Robert Motherwell (American, 1915\u20131991). Oil on canvas; framed: 181 x 196 x 4 cm (71 1/4 x 77 3/16 x 1 9/16 in.); unframed: 178.1 x 193.7 cm (70 1/8 x 76 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.583. \u00a9  Dedalus Foundation, Inc. / Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": null, "title": "Elegy to the Spanish Republic No. LV", "creation_date": "1955\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1955, "creation_date_latest": 1960, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 181 x 196 x 4 cm (71 1/4 x 77 3/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Unframed: 178.1 x 193.7 cm (70 1/8 x 76 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.81, "height_inch": 71, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.96, "width_inch": 77, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.04, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 1.781, "height_inch": 70, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.937, "width_inch": 76, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Dedalus Foundation, Inc. / Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515690, "title": "The White House Festival of the Arts", "description": "<i>The White House Festival of the Arts</i>. The White House, Washington, DC (June 14-15, 1965); National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. (organizer) (June 18-July 11, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515856, "title": "Robert Motherwell", "description": "<i>Robert Motherwell</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 29-November 1, 1965); Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 1070 AB Amsterdam, Netherlands (January 8-20, 1966); Whitechapel Art Gallery, London (January 31-February 28, 1966); Kunsthalle Basel, Basel, Switzerland (March 1-April 1, 1966); Museum Folkwang, 45128 Essen, Germany (July 2-August 14, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-09-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301294, "title": "Works from the Contemporary Collection", "description": "<i>Works from the Contemporary Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 1-October 15, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443853, "title": "American Art at Mid-Century: The Subjects of the Artist", "description": "<i>American Art at Mid-Century: The Subjects of the Artist</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (June 1, 1978-January 14, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-06-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, Museum of Modern Art of S\u00e3o Paulo, VI Biennial of The Museum of Modern Art of Sao Paulo (September - December 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pasadena, CA, Pasadena Art Museum, Robert Motherwell: A Retrospective Exhibition (18 February - 11 March 1962), no. 42.", "opening_date": "1962-02-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Northampton, MA, Smith College Museum of Art, An Exhibition of the Work of Robert Motherwell (10-28 January 1963), no. 15.", "opening_date": "1963-01-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Year in Review (1 - 31 January 1965)", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC, The National Gallery of Art, The White House Festival of the Arts, June 14-July 11, 1965, cat no. 27, p. 12.", "opening_date": "1965-06-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Robert Motherwell, September 29-November 30, 1965, cat. no. 46, repr. p. 47.", "opening_date": "1965-09-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "also to:  Amsterdam, The Stedelijk Museum, January 8-January 20, 1966, cat. no. 41; London, Whitechapel Gallery; Basel, Kunsthalle; Essen, Museum Folkwang.", "opening_date": "1966-01-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Torino, Galleria Civica D'Arte Moderna, Robert Motherwell (September - October 1966), no. 41.", "opening_date": "1966-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA:  Works from the Contemporary Collection, July 1-mid-October, 1969", "opening_date": "1969-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mexico City, Museo de Arte Moderno, Retrospectiva del gran pinter northamericano, April-May 1975, cat. no. 8, listed p. 31.", "opening_date": "1975-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, DC, The National Gallery or Art, American Art at Mid-Century: The  Subjects of the Artist, June 1, 1978-February 4, 1979, cat. no. 4, p. 109, repr. fig. 10.", "opening_date": "1978-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, NY, The Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Robert Motherwell Retrospective Exhibition, September 15-November 27, 1983, cat. no. 35, p. 126, repr. p. 81.", "opening_date": "1983-09-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "also to:  Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, January 4-March 4, 1984; San Francisco, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, April 7-May 28, 1984; Seattle, Seattle Art Museum, June 22-August 5, 1984; Washington, DC, Corcoran Gallery of Art, September 8-October 28, 1984; New York, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, December 1, 1984-January 31, 1985.", "opening_date": "1984-01-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Minneapolis, MN, Walker Art Center, Robert Motherwell:  The Spanish Elegies, October 11, 1992-January 3, 1993.", "opening_date": "1992-10-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006):  \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 94, p. 121, color repr. p. 35.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Marlborough Gerson Gallery, New York, NY]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, purchased in 1963.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 1964, the Cleveland <em>Plain Dealer</em> newspaper announced our acquisition of this artwork with the headline, \"Museum Buys Weird Abstract 'Painting.'\"", "description": "This abstract composition belongs to a series of more than 250 compositions expressing Robert Motherwell's response to the Spanish Civil War (1936\u201339) and its struggle against fascism. Here the bold, black ovals and vertical rectangular bars press against one another in front of a background of sweeping white brushstrokes. The contrasts of form and color suggest metaphors for war and peace, life and death, freedom and oppression.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469093"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rutland, Beau and Reto Th\u00fcring, \"Painters Painting Paintings,\" <em>Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced, p. 30.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisitions Press Release,\u201d February 19, 1964, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1209"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cAnnual Report for 1963.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 6 (June 1964): 127\u2013161.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 132, 146; reproduced: p. 147", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152003"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cThe Language of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 9 (November 1964): 211\u2013231.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.217-219, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152016"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n226"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n226"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward. <em>Late Modern: The Visual Arts Since 1945</em>. New York: Praeger, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 39, fig. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cFranz Kline, Accent Grave.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 2 (February 1969): 62\u201368.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 64-65, fig. 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152255"}, {"citation": "Hamilton, George Heard. <em>19th and 20th Century Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 372, fig. 343", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n270"}, {"citation": "Neet, Jane. \u201cMondrian\u2019s \u2018Chrysanthemum.\u2019\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 7 (September 1987): 282\u2013303.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 283, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159997"}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 35, no. 94", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Flam, Jack D., Katy Rogers, and Tim Clifford. <em>Motherwell: 100 Years.</em> Milano, Italy: Skira; New York: Dedalus Foundation, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122, fig. 123; and p. 234. Mentioned: P. 119 and PP. 232, 235.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art: July Through September 2016. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucie-Smith, Edward. <em>Movements in Art Since 1945</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 28-29, no. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chassey, E\u0301ric de. Le surre\u0301alisme dans l'art ame\u0301ricain: Dali\u0301, Ernst, Tanguy, Pollock, Rothko, Johns, Bourgeois. Paris : Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99, fig. 15", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.583", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 139825, "creators": [{"id": 3567, "description": "Robert Motherwell (American, 1915\u20131991)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1915", "death_year": "1991", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1955, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1955\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:04.765000"}, {"id": 162293, "accession_number": "2002.29.a", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Blind Man's Buff, 1984. 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162293, "creators": [{"id": 6371, "description": "Louise Bourgeois (American, 1911\u20132010)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1911", "death_year": "2010", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2002-05-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1984, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1984", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2002.29", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-20 11:53:13.442000"}, {"id": 162294, "accession_number": "2002.29.b", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Blind Man's Buff (base), 1984. Louise Bourgeois (American, 1911\u20132010). Wood; overall: 49 x 80 x 49 cm (19 5/16 x 31 1/2 x 19 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2002.29.b. \u00a9 The Easton Foundation / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": "229C Contemporary", "title": "Blind Man's Buff (base)", "creation_date": "1984", "creation_date_earliest": 1984, "creation_date_latest": 1984, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 49 x 80 x 49 cm (19 5/16 x 31 1/2 x 19 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.49, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.8, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.49, "depth_inch": 19, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 The Easton Foundation / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 229612, "title": "Louise Bourgeois", "description": "<i>Louise Bourgeois</i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, Robert Miller Gallery, Louise Bourgeois: Sculpture, September-October 1984", "opening_date": "1984-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "University of Pittsburgh Gallery, Sculpture by Women in the Eighties, November-December 1985", "opening_date": "1985-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, The Taft Museum; Miami, The Art Museum at Florida International University; Austin, Laguna Gloria Art Museum; St Louis, Washington University, Gallery of Art; and Syracuse, Everson Museum of Art, Louise Bourgeois, May 1987-November 1989 (illustrated, n.p.)", "opening_date": "1987-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Frankfurt, Frankfurter Kunstverein; Munich, St\u00e4dtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus; Lyon, Mus\u00e9e d'Art Contemporain; Barcelona, Fonda\u00e7ion Tapies; Berne, Kunstmuseum; and Otterlo, Kr\u00f6ller-Muller-Museum, Louise Bourgeois: A Retrospective Exhibition, December 1989-July 1991, p. 151 (illustrated)", "opening_date": "1989-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, Riverside Studios, Louise Bourgeois: Recent Work 1984-1989, May-June 1990, p.28 (illustrated)", "opening_date": "1990-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brooklyn Museum of Art; Washington, D.C., The Corcoran Gallery of Art; Prague, Galerie Rudolfinum; and Mus\u00e9e d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Louise Bourgeois: The Locus of Memory, Works 1982-1993, April 1994-October 1995, p. 90, pl. 5 (illustrated)", "opening_date": "1994-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Tate Modern (10/11/2007 - 1/27/2008), Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou (3/5/2008 - 6/2/2008), and Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (6/27/2008 - 9/28/2008):  \"Louise Bourgeois\"", "opening_date": "2007-10-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Wexner Center for the Arts, The Ohio State University (3/26/2011 - 8/7/2011): \"Double Sexus: Hans Bellmer and Louise Bourgeois\"", "opening_date": "2011-03-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Louise Bourgeois [1911-2010], New York, NY, possibly consigned to Robert Miller Gallery, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1984-?", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Robert Miller Gallery, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Karsten Greve, Cologne, Germany, 1995, sold to private collector)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Christie's, NY, May, 14, 2002, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Historians have made connections between the bulging, rounded forms in <em>Blind Man's Buff </em>and representations of Artemis of Ephesus, the goddess of fertility in Greek mythology, and the Venus of Willendorf, one of the earliest ancient art objects discovered.", "description": "Wit and play are essential elements throughout Louise Bourgeois's work. 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 162294, "creators": [{"id": 6371, "description": "Louise Bourgeois (American, 1911\u20132010)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1911", "death_year": "2010", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2002-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1984, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1984", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2002.29", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-20 11:53:13.452000"}, {"id": 125234, "accession_number": "1947.196", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Low Tide at Pourville, near Dieppe, 1882, 1882. Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926). Oil on fabric; framed: 65.4 x 106.7 x 10.5 cm (25 3/4 x 42 x 4 1/8 in.); unframed: 59.9 x 81.3 cm (23 9/16 x 32 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon, 1947.196", "current_location": null, "title": "Low Tide at Pourville, near Dieppe, 1882", "creation_date": "1882", "creation_date_earliest": 1882, "creation_date_latest": 1882, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 65.4 x 106.7 x 10.5 cm (25 3/4 x 42 x 4 1/8 in.); Unframed: 59.9 x 81.3 cm (23 9/16 x 32 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.654, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.067, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.105, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.599, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.813, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: 82 Claude Monet \r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311945, "title": "The Sea", "description": "<i>The Sea</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 23-October 25, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338130, "title": "Claude Monet: a loan exhibition", "description": "<i>Claude Monet: a loan exhibition</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum (organizer) (September 25-October 22, 1957); Minneapolis Institute of Art (November 1-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338456, "title": "Impressionism and its Roots", "description": "<i>Impressionism and its Roots</i>. University of Iowa Museum of Art, Iowa City, IA (organizer) (November 8-December 6, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520810, "title": "Impressionism and its Roots", "description": "<i>Impressionism and its Roots</i>. University of Iowa Museum of Art, Iowa City, IA (organizer) (November 8-December 6, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304401, "title": "The Monet Triptych: Water Lilies", "description": "<i>The Monet Triptych: Water Lilies</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 18, 1979-February 17, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-04-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442204, "title": "Paris autour de 1882 (Paris around 1882)", "description": "<i>Paris autour de 1882 (Paris around 1882)</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Gifu, Gifu City, Japan (organizer) (November 3-December 19, 1982); Museum of Modern Art, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan (January 15-February 20, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 226271, "title": "Monet: The Seine and the Sea, Vetheuil and Normandy, 1878-1883", "description": "<i>Monet: The Seine and the Sea, Vetheuil and Normandy, 1878-1883</i>. Gallery of the Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, Scotland (August 6-October 26, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-08-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229548, "title": "Boudin, Monet and the Sea Painters of Normandy", "description": "<i>Boudin, Monet and the Sea Painters of Normandy</i>. The Bowes Museum, County Durham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (May 29-August 30, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-05-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 208590, "title": "Monet in Normandy", "description": "<i>Monet in Normandy</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (June 17-September 17, 2006); North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (October 8, 2006-January 14, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 18-May 28, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-06-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220678, "title": "Claude Monet", "description": "<i>Claude Monet</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (September 20, 2010-January 24, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224362, "title": "Monet - Reflections and Shadows", "description": "<i>Monet - Reflections and Shadows</i>. Fondation Beyeler, CH-4125 Riehen/Basel, Switzerland (organizer) (January 22-May 28, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-01-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297110, "title": "Monet/Boudin", "description": "<i>Monet/Boudin</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (June 26-September 30, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 679183, "title": "Monet and Venice", "description": "<i>Monet and Venice</i>. The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (organizer) (October 10, 2025-February 1, 2026) https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/monet-venice; Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (March 21-July 26, 2026) https://www.famsf.org/exhibitions/monet-venice.", "opening_date": "2025-10-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Durand-Ruel, Paris, France: 1883. no. 9 (according to Wildenstein 1979; cannot be confirmed by Durand-Ruel),", "opening_date": "1979-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Pictures by Claude Monet.</em> Lotos Club, New York, NY (1899).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly bought from the artist in 1882 by Durand-Ruel, Paris, France (this information from the Wildenstein catalogue raisonn\u00e9 cannot be confirmed by Durand-Ruel as their files on this matter are not conclusive).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?1882", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Henry White Cannon [1850-1934], New York, NY, 1899.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1889", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. Henry White Cannon [1861-1954] New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1947", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1947-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The narrow strokes of black paint along the the edge of the water at the base of the cliff indicate bathers.", "description": "This is one of several views Claude Monet painted of Pourville, a fishing village on the north coast of France in Normandy. Pourville featured a boardwalk, a broad beach, and stunning cliffs. According to the artist's correspondence, the village was nothing special, but he was inspired by the landscape: \"One could not be any closer to the sea than I am, on the pebbled beach itself and the waves beat at the foot of the house.\" During the spring of 1882 in Pourville, Monet stayed in a small hotel similar to the dwellings seen at the foot of the cliff to the right in this painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515388"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.196-low-tide-at-pourvill"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Landscapes by Claude Monet.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art XXXV,</em> no. 1 (January,1948): 4-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "City Art Museum of St. Louis. <em>Claude Monet, a Loan Exhibition</em>. 1957.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 52, Reproduced: Pl. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "University of Iowa. <em>Impressionism and Its Roots</em>. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa, Gallery of Art, 1964.", "page_number": "Referenced:c at. no. 36, Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n199"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n199"}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. <em>Claude Monet: Biographie et Catalogue Raisonne\u0301.</em> Lausanne: La Bibliothe\u0300que des Arts, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, no. 716", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n236"}, {"citation": "Bortolatto, Luigina Rossi. <em>Tout l'\u0153uvre peint de Monet, 1870-1889.</em> Paris: Flammarion, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103, fig. 228", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \" The Rembrandt and Monet of Marcel Proust.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art VXX, </em>no. 2 (February, 1983): 83.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84, Figure 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "House, John. <em>Monet, Nature into Art. </em>New Haven<em>, </em>CT: Yale University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Daniel. <em>Monet.</em> Ko\u0308ln: Taschen, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. 1, 179; vol. 2, 716", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zeidler, Birgit. <em>Claude Monet: Leben und Werk.</em> Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Ko\u0308nemann, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part II; European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 455", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monet, Claude, Norio Shimada, and Keiko Sakagami. Kuro\u0304do Mone meigashu\u0304: hikari to kaze no kiseki. To\u0304kyo\u0304, Japan: Nihon Bijutsu Kyo\u0304iku Senta\u0304, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clarke, Michael, and Richard Thomson. <em>Monet: The Seine and the Sea, 1878-1883</em>. Exh. Cat. Edinburgh, Scotland: National Galleries of Scotland, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barker, Amy, Joanna Hashagen, and Lesley Taylor. <em>Boudin, Monet and the</em> <em>Sea Painters of Normandy</em>. [County Durham, England]: Bowes Museum, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burgess, Margaret B., \"Side by Side\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 05, May/June 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-05/page/6"}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather, Lynn Federle Orr, and David H. Steel. <em>Monet in Normandy</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Noce, Vincent. <em>Monet, l'oeil et l'eau</em>. Paris, France: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es nationaux, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baillio, Joseph. <em>Claude Monet, 1840-1926</em>: Exh. Cat. Paris, France: Galeries Nationales, Grand Palais, Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ulf Ku\u0308ster, ed. <em>Monet: Light, Shadow, and Reflection</em>. Basel: Fondation Beyeler; Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lefebvre, Ge\u0301raldine. <em>Monet/Boudin</em>. Madrid: Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31, 130, cat. no. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldin, Marco. <em>Il Giardino e la Luna: Arte dell'Ottocento dal Romanticismo all'Impressionismo. </em>Milano : La nave di Teseo, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 503", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Leave a Legacy.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 62, no. 3 (September 2022): 38.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 38.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Small, Lisa. \"Monet in Venice: Anxiety and Enchantment.\" In <em>Monet and Venice, </em>Brooklyn Museum, and Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 30-69. New York: Rizzoli Electa, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65, fig. 77; Mentioned: p. 58", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.196", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.196/1947.196_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "664", "filesize": "261130", "filename": "1947.196_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.196/1947.196_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2508", "filesize": "4906385", "filename": "1947.196_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.196/1947.196_full.tif", "width": "15254", "height": "11254", "filesize": "515035628", "filename": "1947.196_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.196/1947.196_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "724", "filesize": "369075"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.196/1947.196_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2735", "filesize": "6109143"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.196/1947.196_alt0_full.tif", "width": "14916", "height": "12000", "filesize": "537007360"}, "date_created": "2017-06-06T15:34:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.196/1947.196_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1204", "height": "893", "filesize": "787475"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.196/1947.196_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2521", "filesize": "6341444"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.196/1947.196_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5173", "height": "3835", "filesize": "59544988"}, "date_created": "2005-09-26T15:47:03", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125234, "creators": [{"id": 1844, "description": "Claude Monet (French, 1840\u20131926)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Claude Monet spent his youth in Le Havre in Normandy, where his father worked as a wholesale grocer. By the age of sixteen, he had exhibited some of his caricatures in an art supply store, leading to his acquaintance with Boudin (q.v.). It was Boudin who first encouraged him to paint out of doors. In 1859 Monet traveled to Paris, where he saw Boudin's salon debut and met Constant Troyon (1810-1865). A year later he joined the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse, where he was introduced to Pissarro (q.v.), but his studies were interrupted in 1861 when he was drafted for a seven-year stint in the military. His family would pay for his release from military duties only if he gave up painting. Finding this unacceptable, Monet served for one year in Algeria before an early return to France to convalesce after a severe illness. In 1862 he met Jongkind (q.v.), another important influence on the young painter's development. Monet's father then allowed him to pursue his art career in Paris, where he entered the studio of the Swiss painter Charles Gleyre (1806-1874). He studied with Gleyre until 1864 and befriended Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Renoir (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.), with whom he painted in the forest of Fontainebleau (D\u00e9jeuner sur l'herbe, 1865, two fragments in Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris). Monet first exhibited at the Salon of 1865 and would do so again in 1866, 1868, and 1880. In 1868 he shared a studio with Bazille and Renoir but was soon forced to leave Paris to escape his creditors. He took his mistress, Camille Doncieux, and their son, Jean, to F\u00e9camp, then \u00c9tretat, and finally Saint-Michel. There Renoir provided hospitality, and the two also painted at the boating and bathing center of La Grenouill\u00e8re on the Seine. In 1870 Monet married Camille and, to escape the Franco-Prussian War, left for London, where he remained for nine months and met Durand-Ruel, his first dealer. In the summer of 1871 he visited the Netherlands and then settled in Argenteuil, to the west of Paris. He converted a boat into a studio, as Daubigny (q.v.) had done before him, allowing him to explore different viewpoints for his landscapes. He assisted in the organization of the First Impressionist Exhibition in 1874, partly because Durand-Ruel's worsened business situation had prevented the dealer from buying his art. The following year he participated in the H\u00f4tel Drouot sale with Morisot (q.v.), Renoir, and Sisley. In 1878 Monet and his wife moved to V\u00e9theuil with the Hosched\u00e9s, who had previously commissioned some works. Camille died the following year, and, while Ernest Hosched\u00e9 spent most of his time in Paris trying to settle his precarious financial situation, Monet stayed behind with Ernest's wife, Alice. In 1881 he moved with her and her children to Poissy and within two years was living at Giverny, where he would remain for the rest of his life. He painted some of his famous scenes-the haystack and poplar series, for example- in 1890-91. Ernest Hosched\u00e9 died in 1891, and Monet married Alice the following year. At Giverny, Monet explored the themes of his garden and water lilies. He continued to travel, going to Norway in 1895, making three trips to London from 1899 through 1901, and taking Alice to Venice in 1908. The final years of his life were mainly spent working on his Great Decorations, large paintings of a water lily pond designed for two oval rooms at the Paris Orangerie. Monet is generally considered the most typical exponent of impressionism.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1926", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-07-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1882, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1882", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:28:05.427000"}, {"id": 145413, "accession_number": "1970.67.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of the Zen Master Hotto Kokushi, c. 1286. Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333). Wood with hemp cloth, black lacquer, and iron clamps; overall: 91.4 cm (36 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1970.67.a", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Portrait of the Zen Master Hotto Kokushi", "creation_date": "c. 1286", "creation_date_earliest": 1281, "creation_date_latest": 1291, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333)"], "technique": "wood with hemp cloth, black lacquer, and iron clamps", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 91.4 cm (36 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.914, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 358325, "title": "Masterworks of Wood: China and Japan", "description": "<i>Masterworks of Wood: China and Japan</i>. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (November 4-December 5, 1976); Asia House Galleries, New York City, NY (January 13-March 27, 1977).", "opening_date": "1976-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309646, "title": "Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-May 1, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-03-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 295705, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 15, 2017-January 2, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650) from The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Japan House Gallery, New York, NY (March 19-May 17, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 235)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 15, 2013-November 16, 2015).", "opening_date": "2013-04-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "My\u014dshinji, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Mayuyama and Company, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two famous sculptural portraits of this monk, one at the temple Ankokuji in Hiroshima, and another at the temple K\u014dkokuji in Wakayama, are dated to 1275 and 1286, respectively.", "description": "Hott\u014d Enmy\u014d Kokushi, is a posthumous title bestowed upon the Zen Buddhist monk Shinchi Kakushin (1203\u20131298) by the emperor Go-Daigo. The title means \u201cperfectly awakened national teacher of the Dharma lamp.\u201d Considered a fine example of \u201cKamakura realism,\u201d while downplaying detail in the body, the sculpture emphasizes fidelity in representing the visage of Kakushin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745798"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kurata, Osamu \u8535\u7530\u8535 <em>Kumano</em> [\u718a\u91ce]. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60, no. 64", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 2 (February 1971): 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 168, p. 72; Reproduced: no. 168, Back Cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cZen in Art: Art in Zen.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 9 (November 1972): 239\u2013259.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 239, 251, 259, note 16a; Reproduced: pp. 248, 249, figs. 9 and 9a", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152451"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cNoh: Masks and Robe.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 2 (February 1975): 26\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, fig. 5; Reproduced: p. 29, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152574"}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Donald, and Robin Scribnick. <em>Masterworks in Wood: China and Japan: [Exhibition] Portland Art Museum, November 4 Through December 5, 1976, Asia House Gallery, January 13 Through March 20, 1977</em>. Portland, OR: Portland Art Museum, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  no. 44, pp. 8, 9, 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 4 (April 1977): 118\u2013136.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 128\u2013129, fig. 12", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 370", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n390"}, {"citation": "WVIZ-TV (Television station: Cleveland, Ohio), and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Priest of Myoshinji</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [WVIZ Television], 1978.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/78406075"}, {"citation": "Yamane, Yu\u0304zo\u0304 \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09, Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce, and Terukazu Akiyama \u79cb\u5c71\u5149\u548c. <em>Zaigai Nihon no shiho\u0304</em> [\u5728\u5916\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u81f3\u5b9d = Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections, vol. 8 ]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 78, p. 147", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zenzo Shimizu. \"Japanese Sculptures in America and Canada,\" <em>Ars Buddhica</em> [\u4f5b\u6559\u85dd\u8853], no. 126 (Sept. 1979), part I, pp. 67\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73, fig. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roukes, Nicholas. <em>Masters of Wood Sculpture</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill Publishers, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., Michael R. Cunningham, and Ursula Korneitchouk.<em> One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 42\u201343, no. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roberts, Laurance. \"To See Japanese Art, Go to Tokyo, or Boston, or Baltimore, or Seattle.\" <em>Art News</em>, vol. 80, no. 7 (Sept. 1981).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "no. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 190\u2013191", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Liebson, Milt. <em>Direct Wood Sculpture: Techniques, Innovation, Creativity</em>. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ulak, James, T. \"Uncomfortable Realites: Reflecting on Sherman Lee's Hunches,\" <em>Orientations, </em>vol. 36, no. 1<em> </em>(Jan/Feb. 2005), pp. 78-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ulak, James T. \"The Alchemy of Selection: Lee and the Japanese Collection,\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 40, no. 5 (2009), pp. 41\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art - Director's choice</em>. London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 26\u201327", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Reopening of the Asian Galleries at The Cleveland Museum of Art: An Interview with David Franklin.\" <em>Orientations: The Magazine for Collectors and Connoisseurs of Asian Art</em>, vol. 44, no. 8 (November/December 2013): pp. 60\u201363.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Walking Tour.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n27/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dobbins, James C. <em>Behold the Buddha: Religious Meanings of Japanese Buddhist Icons</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 199\u2013200, fig. 85", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.67.a", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. 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London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 26\u201327", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Reopening of the Asian Galleries at The Cleveland Museum of Art: An Interview with David Franklin.\" <em>Orientations: The Magazine for Collectors and Connoisseurs of Asian Art</em>, vol. 44, no. 8 (November/December 2013): pp. 60\u201363.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Walking Tour.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n27/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dobbins, James C. <em>Behold the Buddha: Religious Meanings of Japanese Buddhist Icons</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 199\u2013200, fig. 85", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.67.c", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145415, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1281, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1286", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1970.67", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:04.469000"}, {"id": 145416, "accession_number": "1970.67.d", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of the Zen Master Hotto Kokushi (left shoe), c. 1286. Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333). Wood with hemp cloth, black lacquer, and iron clamps. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1970.67.d", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Portrait of the Zen Master Hotto Kokushi (left shoe)", "creation_date": "c. 1286", "creation_date_earliest": 1281, "creation_date_latest": 1291, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333)"], "technique": "wood with hemp cloth, black lacquer, and iron clamps", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 295705, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 15, 2017-January 2, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 235)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 15, 2013-November 16, 2015).", "opening_date": "2013-04-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650) from The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Japan House Gallery, New York, NY (March 19-May 17, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "My\u014dshinji, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Mayuyama and Company, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two famous sculptural portraits of this monk, one at the temple Ankokuji in Hiroshima, and another at the temple K\u014dkokuji in Wakayama, are dated to 1275 and 1286, respectively.", "description": "Hott\u014d Enmy\u014d Kokushi, is a posthumous title bestowed upon the Zen Buddhist monk Shinchi Kakushin (1203\u20131298) by the emperor Go-Daigo. The title means \u201cperfectly awakened national teacher of the Dharma lamp.\u201d Considered a fine example of \u201cKamakura realism,\u201d while downplaying detail in the body, the sculpture emphasizes fidelity in representing the visage of Kakushin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757285"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kurata, Osamu \u8535\u7530\u8535 <em>Kumano</em> [\u718a\u91ce]. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60, no. 64", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 2 (February 1971): 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 168, p. 72; Reproduced: no. 168, Back Cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cZen in Art: Art in Zen.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 9 (November 1972): 239\u2013259.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 239, 251, 259, note 16a; Reproduced: pp. 248, 249, figs. 9 and 9a", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152451"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cNoh: Masks and Robe.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 2 (February 1975): 26\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, fig. 5; Reproduced: p. 29, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152574"}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Donald, and Robin Scribnick. <em>Masterworks in Wood: China and Japan: [Exhibition] Portland Art Museum, November 4 Through December 5, 1976, Asia House Gallery, January 13 Through March 20, 1977</em>. Portland, OR: Portland Art Museum, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  no. 44, pp. 8, 9, 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 4 (April 1977): 118\u2013136.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 128\u2013129, fig. 12", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 370", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n390"}, {"citation": "WVIZ-TV (Television station: Cleveland, Ohio), and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Priest of Myoshinji</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [WVIZ Television], 1978.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/78406075"}, {"citation": "Yamane, Yu\u0304zo\u0304 \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09, Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce, and Terukazu Akiyama \u79cb\u5c71\u5149\u548c. <em>Zaigai Nihon no shiho\u0304</em> [\u5728\u5916\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u81f3\u5b9d = Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections, vol. 8 ]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 78, p. 147", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zenzo Shimizu. \"Japanese Sculptures in America and Canada,\" <em>Ars Buddhica</em> [\u4f5b\u6559\u85dd\u8853], no. 126 (Sept. 1979), part I, pp. 67\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73, fig. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roukes, Nicholas. <em>Masters of Wood Sculpture</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill Publishers, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., Michael R. Cunningham, and Ursula Korneitchouk.<em> One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 42\u201343, no. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roberts, Laurance. \"To See Japanese Art, Go to Tokyo, or Boston, or Baltimore, or Seattle.\" <em>Art News</em>, vol. 80, no. 7 (Sept. 1981).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Interpretations: Sixty-Five Works from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "no. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 190\u2013191", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Liebson, Milt. <em>Direct Wood Sculpture: Techniques, Innovation, Creativity</em>. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ulak, James, T. \"Uncomfortable Realites: Reflecting on Sherman Lee's Hunches,\" <em>Orientations, </em>vol. 36, no. 1<em> </em>(Jan/Feb. 2005), pp. 78-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ulak, James T. \"The Alchemy of Selection: Lee and the Japanese Collection,\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 40, no. 5 (2009), pp. 41\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art - Director's choice</em>. London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 26\u201327", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Reopening of the Asian Galleries at The Cleveland Museum of Art: An Interview with David Franklin.\" <em>Orientations: The Magazine for Collectors and Connoisseurs of Asian Art</em>, vol. 44, no. 8 (November/December 2013): pp. 60\u201363.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"A Walking Tour.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n27/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dobbins, James C. <em>Behold the Buddha: Religious Meanings of Japanese Buddhist Icons</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 199\u2013200, fig. 85", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.67.d", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145416, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1281, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1286", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1970.67", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:04.776000"}, {"id": 130160, "accession_number": "1952.539", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Fifth Avenue, 1919. Childe Hassam (American, 1859\u20131935). Oil on canvas; framed: 86.4 x 76.2 x 6.4 cm (34 x 30 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 61.3 x 51.5 cm (24 1/8 x 20 1/4 in.); former: 76.5 x 66.5 x 4.5 cm (30 1/8 x 26 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1952.539", "current_location": "208 American Gilded Age and Realism", "title": "Fifth Avenue", "creation_date": "1919", "creation_date_earliest": 1919, "creation_date_latest": 1919, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 86.4 x 76.2 x 6.4 cm (34 x 30 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 61.3 x 51.5 cm (24 1/8 x 20 1/4 in.); Former: 76.5 x 66.5 x 4.5 cm (30 1/8 x 26 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.864, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.613, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.515, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "former": {"height": 0.765, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.665, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  Childe Hassam 1919", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520810, "title": "Impressionism and its Roots", "description": "<i>Impressionism and its Roots</i>. University of Iowa Museum of Art, Iowa City, IA (organizer) (November 8-December 6, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520970, "title": "Childe Hassam: A Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>Childe Hassam: A Retrospective Exhibition</i>. Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (April 30-August 1, 1965); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (August 17-September 19, 1965); Currier Museum of Art, Manchester, NH (September 28-October 31, 1965); The Gallery of Modern Art (November 16-December 19, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444996, "title": "American Impressionistic Painting", "description": "<i>American Impressionistic Painting</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (July 1-August 12, 1973); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (September 18-November 12, 1973); The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (December 15, 1973-January 31, 1974); North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (March 8-April 29, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310260, "title": "American Cities: The Artist's View", "description": "<i>American Cities: The Artist's View</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 1989-January 7, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 184052, "title": "Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age", "description": "<i>Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 23-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-23T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Iowa City, The University of Iowa Gallery of Art, Impressionism and Its Roots (8 November-6 December 1964), cat. no. 47, illus. p. 29.", "opening_date": "1964-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., The Corcoran Gallery of Art, Childe Hassam: A Retrospective Exhibition (30 April-1 August 1965); traveled to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (17 August-19 September 1965); to Manchester, NH, The Currier Gallery of Art (28 September-31 October 1965); to New York, The Gallery of Modern Art (16 November-19 December 1965); cat. no. 55, illus. p. 34.", "opening_date": "1965-04-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., The National Gallery, American Impressionist Painting (1 July-26 August 1973); traveled to New York, The Whitney Museum of American Art (18 September-2 November 1973); to Cincinnati, Cincinnati Art Museum (15 December 1973-31 January 1974); to Raleigh, The North Carolina Museum of Art (8 March-29 April 1974); cat. no. 36, illus. p. 96.", "opening_date": "1973-07-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "During World War I, the fiercely nationalistic Hassam was mistakenly arrested for being a German spy.", "description": "Childe Hassam was fascinated by bustling Fifth Avenue, the famed Manhattan thoroughfare quickly becoming a popular shopping district around the time he made this painting. His composition features flecks of color and blurred<br>forms to approximate reflected light and rapid movement. The accelerated pace of modern life is suggested through the street full of streaming traffic, including two green double-decker buses at lower right.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516125"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335. <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465\">http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465</a>", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 27, no. 74", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Urteaga Loidi, Jesu\u0301s. Saints in the World: The Adventure of Christian Life. Princeton, NJ: Scepter Publishers, 2002.", "page_number": "illus. on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front/rear end leaves (detail); p. 108 - 109", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.539", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Anonymous Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Cleveland Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 130160, "creators": [{"id": 3110, "description": "Childe Hassam (American, 1859\u20131935)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1859", "death_year": "1935", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1919, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1919", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:49:11.247000"}, {"id": 95271, "accession_number": "1916.1043", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dancers, c. 1896. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Pastel with charcoal on tracing paper mounted on paper and backed with gray board; sheet: 55.7 x 41.4 cm (21 15/16 x 16 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1043", "current_location": null, "title": "Dancers", "creation_date": "c. 1896", "creation_date_earliest": 1891, "creation_date_latest": 1901, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "pastel with charcoal on tracing paper mounted on paper and backed with gray board", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 55.7 x 41.4 cm (21 15/16 x 16 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.557, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.414, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, lower left, in pastel: Degas", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338065, "title": "French Art Since Eighteen Hundred", "description": "<i>French Art Since Eighteen Hundred</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 8-December 8, 1929).", "opening_date": "1929-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312095, "title": "Works of Edgar Degas", "description": "<i>Works of Edgar Degas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 5-March 9, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-02-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300842, "title": "The Dance in Art", "description": "<i>The Dance in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 20-August 17, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-05-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 703013, "title": "Highlights of the 19th Century", "description": "<i>Highlights of the 19th Century</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (March 3-31, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304520, "title": "Art and the Stage", "description": "<i>Art and the Stage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 22-August 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224558, "title": "Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement", "description": "<i>Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 15-May 16, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200460, "title": "Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 20, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283693, "title": "Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Cleveland Art Loan Exposition</em>. Cleveland School of Art, Kinney &amp; Levan Building, Cleveland (November 25\u2013December 17, 1913).", "opening_date": "1913-12-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Inaugural Exhibition</em>. Minneapolis Institute of Arts (January 7\u2013February 7, 1915).", "opening_date": "1915-02-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Studio of the artist, sold to Durand-Ruel, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1896-1897", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris, transferred to Durand-Ruel, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1897-1898", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, New York, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Jeptha H. Wade, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1898-1900", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mr. [1857\u20131926] and Mrs. [1857\u20131917] Jeptha H. Wade II, Cleveland, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1900-1916", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Degas joined six separate irregularly shaped sheets of paper to make this work, and their connections are faintly visible on its surface.", "description": "Degas depicted the ballet in more than 1,000 paintings, prints, pastels, and sculptures. He preferred private, offstage moments to glamorous curtain calls or artfully constructed compositions. Here, three dancers stretch together in the wings, unaware of the viewer\u2019s presence. Powdery layers of yellow, orange, and pink pastel create a rough surface characteristic of Degas\u2019s late work in the medium. He invented special techniques that allowed him to build layer upon layer of color with varying degrees of opacity and transparency. This pastel\u2019s rich surface and intense, vibrating palette is the result of such innovative methods.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781030"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1043-dancers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Illustrated Catalogue of the Cleveland Art Loan Exposition.</em> Exh. cat. Cleveland: Cleveland School of Art, 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 45C", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition</em>. Exh. cat. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1915.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36, no. 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Wade Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 1 (1917): 3-12.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136053"}, {"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 167", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cThe Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Art News</em> 34, no. 37 (June 13, 1936): 7-14.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. <em>Modern French Painters</em>. New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1940", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 336", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoisne, Paul Andr\u00e9. <em>Degas et son \u0153uvre.</em> Paris: Brame et de Hauke, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 3, 726\u201327, no. 1249", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armitage, Merle. <em>Dance Memoranda</em>. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1946.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. <em>Works by Degas</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10, 18, no. 49; Reproduced: pl. XLII", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 509", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n94"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n198"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n198"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 214", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n234"}, {"citation": "Breitman, Ellen. <em>Art and the Stage</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45-48, no. 25; Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Exh. cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1; Reproduced: p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane. \u201cThe Evolution of a Collection: Drawings in Cleveland.\u201d <em>Master Drawings</em> 38, no. 3 (Fall 2000): 249-60.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 249; Reproduced: p. 251", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1554433"}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \u201cPure Color: A new exhibition celebrates luminous pastels.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 6 (November/December 2016): 8-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8; Mentioned: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-06"}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 146-153, no. 28c", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Lemoisne 1249", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1043", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1043/1916.1043_web.jpg", "width": "671", "height": "900", "filesize": "364938", "filename": "1916.1043_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1043/1916.1043_print.jpg", "width": "2536", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4333894", "filename": "1916.1043_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1043/1916.1043_full.tif", "width": "11196", "height": "15012", "filesize": "504253356", "filename": "1916.1043_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1043/1916.1043_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "893", "filesize": "187824"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1043/1916.1043_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1491", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2962050"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1043/1916.1043_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1491", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9164164"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95271, "creators": [{"id": 1759, "description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1834", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-10-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1891, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1896", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ballet Girls"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:06:11.304000"}, {"id": 151969, "accession_number": "1984.41", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mary Walker Waugh, 1868. William Holman Hunt (British, 1827\u20131910). Oil on fabric; framed: 115.5 x 95.5 x 6 cm (45 1/2 x 37 5/8 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 86.2 x 66.1 cm (33 15/16 x 26 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1984.41", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "Mary Walker Waugh", "creation_date": "1868", "creation_date_earliest": 1868, "creation_date_latest": 1868, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 115.5 x 95.5 x 6 cm (45 1/2 x 37 5/8 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 86.2 x 66.1 cm (33 15/16 x 26 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.155, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.955, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.862, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.661, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed and dated lower left: 18whh68 [initials in monogram]; and signed again lower left: whh [monogram]\r\n\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1984</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220486, "title": "Holman Hunt and the Pre-Raphaelite Vision", "description": "<i>Holman Hunt and the Pre-Raphaelite Vision</i>. Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (February 14-May 10, 2009); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (June 13-September 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-02-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Portrait of a Lady. </em>Annual Exhibition Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1869).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Paintings and Drawings by the Pre-Raphaelites and their Followers.</em> Russell-Coates Gallery. Bournemouth, United Kingdom (1951).", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>William Holman Hunt.</em> Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom (1969)", "opening_date": "1969-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Michael Joseph, the artist's daughter,  [1876-1951], London, United Kingdom,  by inheritance to her daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Burt", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Elizabeth Burt, London, United Kingdom consigned to Christie's for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1951-1961", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, United Kingdom, March 17, 1961, lot 70, sold to Evelyn Waugh)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Auberon Evelyn Waugh [1903-1966], London. United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie's, London, United Kingdom, March 18,1983, lot 73, sold to Julian Hartnoll)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Julian Hartnoll Gallery, London, United Kingdom, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983-1984", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1984-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "British novelist Evelyn Waugh (1903\u20131966) once owned this portrait, which depicts his great aunt.", "description": "William Holman Hunt painted this portrait of Mary Walker Waugh (1805\u20131886)\u2014his mother-in-law\u2014during a time of personal tragedy. Waugh\u2019s daughter Fanny Waugh Hunt (1832\u20131866), the wife of the artist, had recently died following childbirth. References to loss of life infiltrate the composition: the sitter wears black mourning attire, and behind her is a screen decorated with red poppies, a traditional symbol of unconsciousness and lifelessness because of its pharmaceutical use as a source for opiates. In Victorian society, the red poppy also signified consolation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475313"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.41-mrs-george-waugh", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.41-mary-walker-waugh"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Royal Academy 101st Exhibition.\" <em>The Art-Journal </em>8 (July 1, 1869): 197-204.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904</em>. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200, vol. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rossetti, William Michael, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and Christina Georgina Rossetti. <em>Rossetti Papers 1862 to 1870</em>. New York, NY: AMS Press, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 304-305", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Pre-Raphaelites</em>. London, United Kingdom, Tate Gallery, 1984.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H., \"The Year in Review for 1984.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXII </em>no. no. 2 (April, 1985):163-207.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186, no. 18; Mentioned: p. 200, no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Holman-Hunt, Diana. <em>My Grandfather, His Wives and Loves</em>. London, United Kingdom: Columbus, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waugh, Auberon. \"Evelyn Waugh's Collection.\" <em>Antique</em> 5 (Summer 1987): 29.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Amor, Anne Clark. <em>William Holman Hunt: The True Pre-Raphaelite</em>. London: Constable, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: [plate 22]; mentioned: p. 199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"A Haunting Portrait of by William Holman Hunt.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXVII</em>, no. 10 (December, 1990): 354-365.", "page_number": "Reproduced: on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Fine Victorian Pictures, Drawings and Watercolours</em>. 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. T<em>he Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four: European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bronkhurst, Judith. <em>William Holman Hunt: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. New Haven, CT: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Victorian, Pre-Raphaelite &amp; British Impressionist Art. </em>London: Christie's, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94, fig. 1", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.41", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.41/1984.41_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "893", "filesize": "427003", "filename": "1984.41_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.41/1984.41_print.jpg", "width": "2641", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5448318", "filename": "1984.41_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.41/1984.41_full.tif", "width": "4009", "height": "5162", "filesize": "62115988", "filename": "1984.41_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 151969, "creators": [{"id": 1483, "description": "William Holman Hunt (British, 1827\u20131910)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Holman Hunt exhibited an early aptitude for art, which his father, a warehouse manager, initially opposed but later tolerated. Between 1839 and 1843 he practiced drawing and studied with the portrait painter Henry Rogers while sustaining himself as an office clerk. Hunt met John Everett Millais (1829-1896) the same year that he entered the Royal Academy Schools, 1844. A decisive conversion in his attitude toward art came with the reading of John Ruskin's Modern Painters in 1847, immediately after which he embarked on a new style of conscientious naturalism in The Flight of Madeline and Porphyro During the Drunkenness Attending the Revelry (Guildhall, London), a picture inspired by John Keats's The Eve of St. Agnes. Hunt, Millais, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882), who were sharing studios, organized the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in 1848. Rienzi Vowing to Obtain Justice for the Death of His Younger Brother (private collection), Hunt's only picture to be shown publicly with the inscription \"P.R.B.\" was exhibited at the Royal Academy the following summer. With its landscape painted directly from nature, its stylistic allusions to Quattrocento painting, and its medieval subject, Rienzi epitomized the Brotherhood's objectives of reinstating the moral and descriptive honesty of earlier Italian and Flemish painting. The brilliant coloring and crisp light of plein-air painting and an increasing deployment of symbolic details characterize Hunt's other early masterworks, A Converted British Family Sheltering a Christian Priest from the Persecution of the Druids (1850, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford), Valentine Rescuing Sylvia from Proteus (1851, Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery), and the abstrusely moralizing Hireling Shepherd (1851, Manchester City Art Galleries). In 1854, after having finished what would ultimately be his most popular image, The Light of the World (Kebble College, Oxford), Hunt voyaged to the Holy Land where he spent two years traveling from Cairo to Beirut. His intent was to paint religious subjects with archaeological precision. The typology of The Scapegoat (Lady Lever Art Gallery, Port Sunlight), much of which was painted on-site near the Dead Sea, proved too unintelligible for the general public when it was shown at the Royal Academy in 1856, but it remains a work of poignant genius. Subsequent trips to the Holy Land in 1869-72 and 1875-78 resulted in two of his finest late works, The Shadow of Death (1870-73, Manchester City Art Gallery) and The Triumph of the Innocents (1876-87, Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool). 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Pierino da Vinci (Italian, 1530\u20131553). Terracotta; overall: 62.6 x 44.5 cm (24 5/8 x 17 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2024.1", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "The Death of Count Ugolino della Gherardesca and His Sons (Inferno Canto XXXIII)", "creation_date": "c. 1550", "creation_date_earliest": 1540, "creation_date_latest": 1553, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "Terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 62.6 x 44.5 cm (24 5/8 x 17 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.626, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.445, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Mostra del Cinquecento toscano. </em>Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, Italy (1940).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Mostra dei tesori segreti delle case fiorentine. </em>Circolo borghese della stampa, Florence, Italy (1960).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Palazzo Vecchio: Committenza e collezionismo medicei</em>. Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, Italy (1980).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Michelangelo nell'ottocento: Il Centenario del 1875. </em>Casa Buonarotti, Florence, Italy (1994).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Leonardo, Michelangelo &amp; The Renaissance in Florence. </em>National Gallery, Ottawa, Canada (2005).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "della Gherardesca collection (Florence, Italy) and Antinori collection (Florence, Italy / Saanen, Switzerland), by descent and through marriage, c. 1550-2000/2002", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Alain Moatti (Saanen, Switzerland and Paris, France), 2000/2002-2005", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Private Collection (Morges, Switzerland), 2005-2023", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Stuart Lochhead (London, United Kingdom), 2023-2024", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 2024", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Leonardo da Vinci\u2019s nephew Pierino was considered the heir to his uncle\u2019s artistic genius.", "description": "Pierino da Vinci's dramatic relief depicts a scene from a poem that was based on an actual historical event. In 1289, following a political coup in Pisa, Italy, Count Ugolino and his sons were imprisoned in a tower and left to starve; their tragic tale inspired Dante Alighieri, who featured Ugolino in the <em>Divine Comedy</em>, an epic narrative tracing Dante\u2019s imagined journey through hell, purgatory, and heaven. Pierino reimagined the story, placing the despondent figures along the banks of the Pisan river and adding a monstrous flying character representing hunger.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124831464"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2024.1-the-death-of-count-u"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Vasari, Giorgio. <em>Lives of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects</em>, translated by Gaston du C. De Vere, Vol. 7. London, 1912-1914. pp. 39-52.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Yates, F. \"Transformations of Dante's Ugolino.\" <em>Journal of the Warburg and Courtault Institutes</em>, XIV (1951): 104 and 106.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Quinterio, F. \u201cInventario dei beni dei conti della Gherardesca (secc. XVII e XVIII).\" La <em>casa del cancelliere. Documenti e studi sul palazzo di Bartolomeo Scala a Firenze</em>, edited by Anna Bellinazzi, 87 and 89. Florence: Edifir, Firenze; 1989.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Penny, Nicholas. \"Ugolino, imprisoned by the Arno, with his sons and grandsons, visited by Famine.\" <em>Catalogue of European Sculpture in the Ashmolean Museum, 1540 to the Present Day, </em>96. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Avery, C. \"Pierino da Vinci\u2019s \u2018lost\u2019 bronze relief of The Death by Starvation of Count Ugolino della Gherardesca and his Sons rediscovered at Chatsworth.\" <em>Pierino da Vinci: atti della giornata di studio</em>, edited by Marco Cianchi, 57-61. Florence: Becocci, Firenze, 1995.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Parronchi, A. \"Alcuni inediti.\" <em>Pierino da Vinci: atti della giornata di studio</em>, edited by Marco Cianchi, 32. Florence: Becocci, Firenze, 1995.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kusch-Arnhold, B. <em>Pierino da Vinci. </em>Mu\u0308nster: Rhema, 2008. pp. 51-70, 137-138.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Poggi, Giovanni. <em>Mostra del cinquecento toscano: in Palazzo Strozzi</em>, 65. Florence: Marzocco, 1940.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Croce rossa italiana di Firenze and Giorgio Batini. <em>Mostra dei tesori segreti delle case fiorentine, </em>70-71, cat. 172. Florence: Circolo borghese della stampa, 1960.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Esposizione europea di arte, scienza e cultura. <em>Palazzo Vecchio: Committenza e collezionismo medicei, catalogo della mostra</em>, 323, cat. 659. Florence: Electa, 1980.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Corsi, S.; Sisi, C.; Casa Buonarroti. <em>Michelangelo nell'ottocento. Il Centenario del 1875</em>, 58-60, cat. 47. Milan: Charta, 1994.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, D.; Waldman, L.; Butterfield, A. <em>Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and the Renaissance in Florence</em>, 290-291, cat. 105. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shearman, John. \"Mannerism in the History of Art.\" <em>Mannerism. </em>Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd, 1967. p. 186.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lafore, Alexandrew. \u201cA terracotta by Pierino da Vinci for Cleveland.\u201d <em>La Tribune de l'Art.</em> April 13, 2024.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.latribunedelart.com/a-terracotta-by-pierino-da-vinci-for-cleveland?lang=en"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2024.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2024.1/2024.1_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "291800", "filename": "2024.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2024.1/2024.1_print.jpg", "width": "2602", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3272418", "filename": "2024.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2024.1/2024.1_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "13917", "filesize": "444762868", "filename": "2024.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2024.1/2024.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "806", "height": "900", "filesize": "356868"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2024.1/2024.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3043", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3885594"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2024.1/2024.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10568", "height": "11809", "filesize": "374424948"}, "date_created": "2024-02-05T21:45:16", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. 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Giovanni della Robbia (Italian, 1469\u20131529/30). Glazed terracotta; overall: 110.2 cm (43 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of S. Livingstone Mather, Constance Mather Bishop, Philip R. Mather, Katherine Hoyt Cross, and Katherine Mather McLean in accordance with the wishes of Samuel Mather, 1940.343", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "Dovizia (Plenty)", "creation_date": "c. 1520\u201329", "creation_date_earliest": 1520, "creation_date_latest": 1529, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 16th century"], "technique": "glazed terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 110.2 cm (43 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.102, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. 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The city-state\u2019s low birth rate was a serious political matter, and such a sculpture was believed to stimulate fertility while also promoting motherhood and bolstering financial success.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756860"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.343-dovizia-plenty"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken. William. \"Objects from the Samuel Mather Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no. 3 (March 1941): 36-40.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140911"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n115"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n115"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n126"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. T<em>he World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 44, fig. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. \" Florentine Terracottas.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 35, no. 10 (December 1995): 8-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1995-10/page/n7/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.343", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.343/1940.343_web.jpg", "width": "569", "height": "893", "filesize": "296334", "filename": "1940.343_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.343/1940.343_print.jpg", "width": "1305", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1709211", "filename": "1940.343_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": 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"668", "height": "893", "filesize": "288090"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.343/1940.343_alt15_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4479144"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.343/1940.343_alt15_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99887488"}, "date_created": "2010-07-23T19:43:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of S. Livingstone Mather, Constance Mather Bishop, Philip R. Mather, Katherine Hoyt Cross, and Katherine Mather McLean in accordance with the wishes of Samuel Mather", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119458, "creators": [{"id": 8025, "description": "Giovanni della Robbia (Italian, 1469\u20131529/30)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1469", "death_year": "1530", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-07-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1520, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1520\u201329", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Figure of Plenty (Dovizia)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:10:20.570000"}, {"id": 164427, "accession_number": "2005.52", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Grave Stele (Relief), c. 50 BCE. Southern Anatolia, Pamphylia, Hellenistic Greek. Marble; overall: 73.6 x 42.5 cm (29 x 16 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of James E. and Elizabeth J. Ferrell, 2005.52", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Grave Stele (Relief)", "creation_date": "c. 50 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -75, "creation_date_latest": -25, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern Anatolia, Pamphylia, Hellenistic Greek"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 73.6 x 42.5 cm (29 x 16 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.736, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.425, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 675363, "title": "Filippino Lippi and Rome", "description": "<i>Filippino Lippi and Rome</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 26, 2025-February 22, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-11-26T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "In 1986", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sale: Sotheby's London, May 23, 1991, no. 250)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 23, 1991", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale: Harlan Berk, Chicago, IL, November 14, 1996, no. 661)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November 14, 1996", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie's New York, NY, December 18, 1997, no. 173)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 18, 1997", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "James E. and Elizabeth J. Ferrell, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-2005", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The seated woman is depicted larger to visually emphasize her importance; her servant is in the background.", "description": "The multiple figures, inscription, use of perspective, and architectural frame distinguish this ambitious relief as one of the most important of its type. The Greek inscription on the base reads, \u201cTo Sbardia, also named Tate, Eumelos, son of Aphrodisios, her father, [set this up].\u201d The deceased is shown seated on an elaborate chair. A servant girl holding a fan suggests Sbardia\u2019s high social standing. At the bottom right corner, a hen perches on an upturned basket, a symbol of \u201cthe good life.\u201d The stele incorporates a \u201cspringing\u201d gable supported by engaged half columns with simplified Corinthian capitals. Other features relate to beliefs about mortality and the afterlife. Above and to the left of her chair is her winged psyche (soul) shown leaving her body. Figures of the three fates are shown in the pediment above, reminding us that human life is finite.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757001"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2005.52-grave-stele-relief"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie's. <em>Antiquities. </em>December 18, 1997. Christie's: New York, 1997. Lot 173.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rudolf, K\u00e4ne. <em>Antike Kunstwerke aus der Sammlung Ludwig</em> 3. Mainz/Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern (1990).", "page_number": "pp. 293-99", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's. <em>Antiquities: The Property of the Th\u00e9tis Foundation and Other Owners</em>. May 23, 1991. Sotheby's: London, 1991. Lot 250.", "page_number": "no. 250", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cremer, Marielouise.<em> Hellenistisch-ro\u0308mische Grabstelen im nordwestlichen Kleinasien, </em>2. Bithynien<em>.</em> Bonn: R. Habelt, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 9, pl. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Harlan J. Berk, Ltd. <em>93rd Buy or Bid Sale</em>. November 14, 1996. Harlan J. Berk, Ltd.: Chicago, 1996. Lot 661.", "page_number": "no. 661", "url": "https://nnp.wustl.edu/library/auctionlots?AucCoId=510329&AuctionId=513611"}, {"citation": "Noelle, Alexander J., and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Filippino Lippi and Rome</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 113, no. 11", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.52", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "900", "filesize": "178160", "filename": "2005.52_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_print.jpg", "width": "2197", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2042613", "filename": "2005.52_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_full.tif", "width": "9179", "height": "14204", "filesize": "391164228", "filename": "2005.52_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "342", "filesize": "82166"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1292", "filesize": "777094"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt0_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "5397", "filesize": "230003044"}, "date_created": "2025-10-21T15:44:59", "annotation": "Right side"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "335", "filesize": "82510"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1267", "filesize": "838308"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt1_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "5294", "filesize": "225614080"}, "date_created": "2025-10-21T15:55:57", "annotation": "Left side"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "547", "filesize": "120056"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2067", "filesize": "1430614"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt2_full.tif", "width": "9622", "height": "5850", "filesize": "168893224"}, "date_created": "2025-10-21T16:02:57", "annotation": "Top"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "562", "filesize": "117972"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2123", "filesize": "1242732"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt3_full.tif", "width": "12279", "height": "7667", "filesize": "282456508"}, "date_created": "2025-10-21T17:47:08", "annotation": "Bottom"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "204966"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2438490"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt4_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "14204", "filesize": "453932372"}, "date_created": "2025-10-21T18:14:14", "annotation": "Back"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "588", "height": "893", "filesize": "357363"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2240", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4291917"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3294", "height": "5000", "filesize": "49424132"}, "date_created": "2003-10-27T15:58:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "515", "height": "893", "filesize": "340714"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "1962", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4083009"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.52/2005.52_alt6_full.tif", "width": "2886", "height": "5000", "filesize": "43316744"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of James E. and Elizabeth J. Ferrell", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "60e83f7928fa46399027ffdc3cf4d542", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/60e83f7928fa46399027ffdc3cf4d542", "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. John and Helen Collis Family Gallery", "athena_id": 164427, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-02-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -75, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 50 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:41.508000"}, {"id": 113945, "accession_number": "1933.220", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cloudy Mountains (\u96f2\u5c71\u5716), 1130. Mi Youren (Chinese, 1072\u20131151). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; image: 43.7 x 192.6 cm (17 3/16 x 75 13/16 in.); overall: 45.5 x 646.8 cm (17 15/16 x 254 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1933.220", "current_location": null, "title": "Cloudy Mountains", "title_in_original_language": "\u96f2\u5c71\u5716", "creation_date": "1130", "creation_date_earliest": 1130, "creation_date_latest": 1130, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 43.7 x 192.6 cm (17 3/16 x 75 13/16 in.); Overall: 45.5 x 646.8 cm (17 15/16 x 254 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.437, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 1.926, "width_inch": 75, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "overall": {"height": 0.455, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 6.468, "width_inch": 254, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u597d\u5c71\u7121\u6578\u63a5\u5929\u6daf\uff0c\u70df\u9744\u9670\u6674\u65e5\u5915\u4f73\u3002/ \n\u8981\u8b58\u5148\u751f\u6703\u5230\u6b64\uff0c\u6545\u7559\u7b46\u6232\u5728\u541b\u5bb6\u3002/ \n\n\u5e9a\u620d\u6b72\uff0c\u8f9f\u5730\u65b0\u660c\u4f5c\u3002\u5143\u6689\u3002/ \n\n[seal]  \u5143\u6689\u6232\u4f5c", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription:\nFine hills are endless toward the edges of heaven.\nSo are mist and cloud, rain and shine, days and nights.\nHad I known that you\u2019d be visiting here.\nI would have left this playful work in your home.\n\nIn the year of gengxu [1130], [I painted this] while seeking refuge in Xinchang. Yuanhui.\n\n[seal]  \u201cYuan hui xi zuo\u201d (Yuanhui playfully made this)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Seal] \u5b89\u967d\u5b6b\u6c0f", "inscription_translation": "Anyang Sun shi", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Seal] \u7562\u7027", "inscription_translation": "Bi Long", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Seal] \u6210\u89aa\u738b", "inscription_translation": "Prince Cheng", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Seal] \u6c38\u7446", "inscription_translation": "Yungxing (1752\u20131823)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Seal] \u932b\u4e09 appears twice", "inscription_translation": "Xisan", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Seal] \u990a\u6027\u9f4b\u73cd\u85cf\u66f8\u756b\u5370", "inscription_translation": "Yangxing zhai zhen cang shu hua yin (calligraphy and painting in the collection of the Yangxing studio)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Seal] \u82b7\u9654\u5be9\u5b9a\u771f\u8de1", "inscription_translation": "\"Zhigai shen ding zhen ji\u201d (authenticated by Zhigai [Li Zaixian \u674e\u5728\u929b])", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[Seal]  \u7389\u7c21\u9f4b", "inscription_translation": "\u201cYu jian zhai\" Yujian Studio", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "2 colophons (1 dated 1650), inscription dated 1647, and 2 seals of Wang To (1592\u20131652)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "1 colophon, dated second month of the gengyin year \u5e9a\u5bc5 (1650), and 2 seals of Chen Kuang \u9673\u720c (1646 jinshi degree)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "7 seals unidentified", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "A separate scroll containing six colophons on Cloudy Mountains exists; the inscribers are Luo Zhenyu \u7f85\u632f\u7389 (1866\u20131940), Naito Torajiro \u5167\u85e4\u864e\u6b21\u90ce (1866\u20131934), Nagao Ko \u9577\u5c3e\u7532 (1864\u20131942), and Wu Changshuo \u5433\u660c\u78a9 (1844\u20131927). Naito Torajiro alone wrote three colophons.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355653, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: The Romantic Spirit", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: The Romantic Spirit</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 29-May 5, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-03-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300427, "title": "Chinese Landscape Painting", "description": "<i>Chinese Landscape Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304518, "title": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques", "description": "<i>Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-April 5, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213950, "title": "The Chinese Painter as Poet", "description": "<i>The Chinese Painter as Poet</i>. China Institute in America, New York, NY (organizer) (September 14-December 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-09-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 298005, "title": "Inspired by Chinese Landscape and Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "<i>Inspired by Chinese Landscape and Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 14, 2017-February 5, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-08-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>To-So-Gen-Min, II</em>. Tokyo Imperial Museum, Tokyo, Japan (November 24-December 16, 1928).", "opening_date": "1928-11-24T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The International Exhibition of Chinese Art</em>. Burlington House, Royal Academy of Arts, London, England (November 28, 1935-March 7, 1936).", "opening_date": "1935-11-28T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Pacific Cultures, China</em>. Golden Gate International Exhibition, San Francisco, CA (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 120)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 4-July 22, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-04T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Zigu \u5b50\u6996 [mid-1600s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Xisan \u932b\u4e09 of Yang xing zhai \u990a\u6027\u9f4b [likely 1800s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Li Zaixian \u674e\u5728\u929b [early 1900s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Luo Zhenyu \u7f85\u632f\u7389 [1866\u20131940]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Yamamoto Teijiro \u5c71\u672c\u608c\u4e8c\u90de [1870\u20131937], Tokyo, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Yamanaka and Company, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131933", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1933\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This scroll is one of the museum\u2019s earliest dated Chinese paintings.", "description": "<em>Cloudy Mountains</em> captures the view of a lush and misty riverscape, an impression of Mi Youren\u2019s new environment, painted in a moment of peace. <br><br>With the fall of the Northern Song dynasty in 1127 upon the Jurchen\u2019s military invasion, Mi Youren fled south across the Yangzi River. In 1130, he had reached Xinchang in Zhejiang province and thanked his host with this painting for having given him shelter. <br><br>Mi Youren was the oldest son of the art critic Mi Fu (1051\u2013 1107); both developed a distinct style of mountain scenery by accumulating wet ink dots that create a hazy atmosphere.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513868"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1933.220-cloudy-mountains"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>To\u0304 So\u0304 Gen Min meigaten-go\u0304</em> [\u5510\u5b8b\u5143\u660e\u540d\u753b\u5c55\u53f7]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Asahi Shinbun Hakko\u0304jo, 1928.", "page_number": "p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Part II. Eighteenth Annual Report of the Cleveland Museum of Art 1933.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 21, no. 2 (February 1934): 1\u201315.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137607"}, {"citation": "<em>The Chinese Exhibition; A Commemorative Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, Royal Academy of Arts, November 1935-March 1936</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 1140, p. 48; Reproduced: cat. no. 1140a-c, p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition: June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936.", "page_number": "cat. no. 382", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Pacific Cultures, Department of Fine Arts, Division of Pacific Cultures</em>. San Francisco, CA: Golden Gate International Exposition, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman. \"Chinese Landscape Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>41, no. 9 (November 1954): 199\u2013201.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141989"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 15; Reproduced: pp. 32, 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ChineseLandscape"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 854", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n151"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 258", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n282"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 258", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n282"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 341", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n361"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cRiver Village: Fisherman\u2019s Joy.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 7 (October 1979): 271\u2013288.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 271\u2013288, fig. 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159640"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 24, pp. 42\u201344", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrist, Robert E. \"<em>Watching Clouds Rise</em>: A Tang Dynasty Couplet and Its Illustration in Song Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 7 (1991): 301\u2013323.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 323, p. 313", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161335"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael. \u201cNotes on the Artist S\u014dami and a Lost Painting.\u201d <em>Monumenta Serica</em> 43 (1995): 405\u2013438.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 9, p. 432", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/40727073"}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 38\u201339, cat. no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 3, pp. 98\u2013100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 50\u201355", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burnett, Katharine P. \"A New Look at a New Look: Painting and Theory of Seventeenth-Century China.\" Little, Stephen. In <em>17th-century Chinese paintings from the Tsao family collection.</em> Stephen Little, ed., 130\u2013167. Los Angeles, California: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Munich, Germany; DelMonico Books, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 158\u2013159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Von Spee, Clarissa. \"Lichtenstein's China: Consider the inspiration of a 900-year-old scroll on a Pop Art master.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 4 (July/August 2017): 14\u201315.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 14\u201315; Mentioned: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-04/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Moser, Jeffrey. \"Mist as Method.\" <em>Manual </em>Issue 9 (Fall 2017): 16\u201329.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hai, Willow Weilan. \"Mountains of China: Legends and Civilization.\" <em>Art of the Mountain: Through the Chinese Photographer's Lens</em>. Willow Weilan Hai, ed., 11\u201341. New York: China Institute, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giuffrida, Noelle. <em>Separating Sheep from Goats: Sherman E. Lee and Chinese Art Collecting in Postwar America</em>. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82, fig. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chaves, Jonathan. <em>The Chinese painter as poet</em>. New York, NY: China Institute Gallery, China Institute, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 2, pp. 34\u201335, p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 148\u2013149, no. 45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Park, J. P. \"Pastmodern: The Traditions of the Avant-Garde in Early Asian Art.\" <em>Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society</em> 87 (February 14, 2023): 43\u201357.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46 (fig. 4 and 4a); Mentioned: p. 45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Liu, Yiwen \u5218\u6f2a\u6587. \u201c\u4eba\u95f4\u5929\u5802\u7684\u522b\u5904\u60f3\u8c61\uff1a\u5728\u514b\u5229\u592b\u5170\u827a\u672f\u535a\u7269\u9986\u9065\u671b\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c5f\u5357\u201d [Imagining Paradise Elsewhere: Gazing at China's Jiangnan from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. <em>The Art Newspaper</em> \u827a\u672f\u65b0\u95fb\u4e2d\u6587\u7248, November 2, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": "http://www.tanchinese.com/archives/exhibitions/124384"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1933.220", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1933.220/1933.220_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "225", "filesize": "203366", "filename": "1933.220_web.jpg"}, "print": 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 113945, "creators": [{"id": 6215, "description": "Mi Youren (Chinese, 1072\u20131151)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u7c73\u53cb\u4ec1", "birth_year": "1072", "death_year": "1151", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1933-06-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1130, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1130", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cloudy Mountains"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:59:42.605000"}, {"id": 151818, "accession_number": "1984.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cupid Complaining to Venus, c. 1540\u201346. Peter Fl\u00f6tner (German, 1485\u20131546). Lead; overall: 6.8 x 9.2 cm (2 11/16 x 3 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1984.15", "current_location": "114 Late Northern Renaissance", "title": "Cupid Complaining to Venus", "creation_date": "c. 1540\u201346", "creation_date_earliest": 1535, "creation_date_latest": 1551, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Nuremberg"], "technique": "lead", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 6.8 x 9.2 cm (2 11/16 x 3 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.068, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.092, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1984</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably Max Rosenheim, 1849-1911 (Vienna, Austria) and/or Maurice Rosenheim, died 1922 (England).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Cyril Humphris, Ltd. (London, England).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Blumka Gallery (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This plaquette interprets an ancient Greek poem by Theocritus. Having been stung by a swarm of bees after attempting to steal their honey, Cupid sought refuge in the arms of his mother Venus, the goddess of love. Surprised that such small creatures could cause such great pain, Venus reminded Cupid, that like the sting of a bee, love\u2019s arrow could be dangerous.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740673"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.15-cupid-complaining-to"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1984.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 2 (April 1985): 163\u2013207.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181; Mentioned: p. 200, no. 10", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159897"}, {"citation": "Winter, Patrick M. de. \u201cRecent Accessions of Italian Renaissance Decorative Arts, Part II.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 4 (April 1986): 142\u2013182.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 160-161, fig. 175", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159938"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.15/1984.15_web.jpg", "width": "1207", "height": "893", "filesize": "844671", "filename": "1984.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.15/1984.15_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2516", "filesize": "7179230", "filename": "1984.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.15/1984.15_full.tif", "width": "4808", "height": "3558", "filesize": "51353348", "filename": "1984.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.15/1984.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1164", "height": "893", "filesize": "812123"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.15/1984.15_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2609", "filesize": "7472521"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.15/1984.15_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4760", "height": "3653", "filesize": "52197372"}, "date_created": "2009-03-03T16:11:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.15/1984.15_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1151", "height": "893", "filesize": "876175"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.15/1984.15_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2637", "filesize": "7559347"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.15/1984.15_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4445", "height": "3448", "filesize": "46014064"}, "date_created": "2008-12-08T17:46:22", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151818, "creators": [{"id": 5467, "description": "Peter Fl\u00f6tner (German, 1485\u20131546)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1485", "death_year": "1546", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-03-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1535, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1540\u201346", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Plaquette: Mischievious Amor Stung by Bees Running to Venus for Comfort"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:50:19.925000"}, {"id": 123616, "accession_number": "1944.190", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Amphora Vase (\u96cd\u6b63\u7c89\u9752\u91c9\u53cc\u9f99\u5c0a), 1723\u201335. China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Yongzheng mark and period (1723\u201335). Porcelain with celadon glaze; overall: 52.1 cm (20 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.190", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Amphora Vase", "title_in_original_language": "\u96cd\u6b63\u7c89\u9752\u91c9\u53cc\u9f99\u5c0a", "creation_date": "1723\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Yongzheng mark and period (1723\u201335)"], "technique": "porcelain with celadon glaze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Qing Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 52.1 cm (20 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.521, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Yongzheng mark", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Francis F. [Elisabeth Severance Allen] Prentiss [1865-1944], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1944", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The shape of the vase derives from Greece and was introduced to China via the Middle East.", "description": "This elegant vase, modeled in the shape of an amphora with dragon handles has perfect symmetry. Its celadon glaze is of exceptional purity and of subtle green color, all characteristics of classical Yongzheng-era monochrome porcelains. <br><br>The amphora shape and dragon handles of this vase, seen earlier in the glazed stoneware of the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), were revived during the Yongzheng period for achieving \"antique-elegance\" (<em>guya</em>) in aesthetics as well as technical perfection in ceramic art.<br><br>Only four vases of this size and glaze are known to exist.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746610"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection; Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944. Published as: Vase in Shape of T'ang Amphora with Ovoid Body, Tall Neck, with \"Bamboo Joints\" and Projecting Lip.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82; Reproduced: Plate XXXVII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n81"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cChinese and Korean Ceramics: Japanese Lacquer.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 31, no. 6 (June 1944): 103\u2013106.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141135"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.190", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.190/1944.190_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "893", "filesize": "37839", "filename": "1944.190_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.190/1944.190_print.jpg", "width": "2280", "height": "3400", "filesize": "352349", "filename": "1944.190_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.190/1944.190_full.tif", "width": "3797", "height": "5660", "filesize": "64495080", "filename": "1944.190_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.190/1944.190_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "893", "filesize": "36076"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.190/1944.190_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2217", "height": "3400", "filesize": "338425"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.190/1944.190_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3688", "height": "5655", "filesize": "62588948"}, "date_created": "2012-09-18T15:42:09", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123616, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vase in Shape of T'ang Amphora with Ovoid Body, Tall Neck, with \"Bamboo Joints\" and Projecting Lip"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:58:43.121000"}, {"id": 164437, "accession_number": "2005.6", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Big-Eared Brown Bat Vessel, 200\u2013850 CE. Central Andes, North Coast, Moche people. Ceramic, slip; overall: 18.4 x 17.7 x 15.8 cm (7 1/4 x 6 15/16 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2005.6", "current_location": "232 Andean", "title": "Big-Eared Brown Bat Vessel", "creation_date": "200\u2013850 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 200, "creation_date_latest": 850, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Andes, North Coast, Moche people"], "technique": "ceramic, slip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Andes", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 18.4 x 17.7 x 15.8 cm (7 1/4 x 6 15/16 x 6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.184, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.177, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.158, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Update on pre-acquisition history pending.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This vessel depicts a big-eared brown bat.", "description": "This bat, perhaps shown opening its wings before taking flight, illustrates Moche artists\u2019 keen interest in realism and in capturing activity at its peak. Moche bat symbolism may be linked to the animal\u2019s paradoxical traits\u2014for instance, bats fly but have fur rather than feathers. Such traits may have caused the Moche to link bats with transitional states, such as the passage between life and death. The vessel depicts a member of the <em>Histiotus mochica </em>species<em>,</em> a big-eared brown bat that researchers described in 2021 and, due to this vessel, named in honor of the Moche, also known as the Mochica.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745695"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2005.6-big-eared-brown-bat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Simmons, Lisa, and Sue Bergh. \"A South American Bestiary.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>48, no. 9 (November 2008): 5-7.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2008-09/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 334", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.6/2005.6_web.jpg", "width": "755", "height": "893", "filesize": "382756", "filename": "2005.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.6/2005.6_print.jpg", "width": "2874", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5373903", "filename": "2005.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.6/2005.6_full.tif", "width": "3959", "height": "4684", "filesize": "55657448", "filename": "2005.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.6/2005.6_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "769", "height": "893", "filesize": "313937"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.6/2005.6_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2926", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4265969"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.6/2005.6_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3764", "height": "4374", "filesize": "49415408"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.6/2005.6_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "724", "height": "893", "filesize": "406771"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.6/2005.6_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2758", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5538028"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.6/2005.6_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3756", "height": "4630", "filesize": "52196576"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 164437, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-02-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "200\u2013850 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:31:41.431000"}, {"id": 165256, "accession_number": "2007.193", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sacrificer Container, 770\u2013890 (radiocarbon date, 95% probability). Central Andes, Wari style (600-1000). Wood and cinnabar; overall: 10.8 x 7 x 7.5 cm (4 1/4 x 2 3/4 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2007.193", "current_location": "232 Andean", "title": "Sacrificer Container", "creation_date": "770\u2013890 (radiocarbon date, 95% probability)", "creation_date_earliest": 770, "creation_date_latest": 890, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Andes, Wari style (600-1000)"], "technique": "wood and cinnabar", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Andes", "type": "Wood", "measurements": "Overall: 10.8 x 7 x 7.5 cm (4 1/4 x 2 3/4 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.108, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.07, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Erich Stumpf, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1967", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Anton Roeckl, Irschenberg, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1967-2007", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(David Bernstein Fine Art, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2007", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2007-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Traces of cinnabar, a toxic mercuric sulfide, are visible on the container's surface.", "description": "This container assumes the shape of a magnificent, feline-headed, supernatural sacrificer who draws a knife across the throat of the human it holds in its lap. Severed human heads hang from the feline's belt and dangle by the trachea at the back of its headdress. Sacrifice had a place in Wari religious practice, probably as an unusual and exceptionally precious offering made to entice the benevolence of cosmic forces. Indeed, colonial-period Andean people believed that death was a prerequisite for the renewal of the world.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746042"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2007.193-sacrificer-container"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bergh, Susan E., Luis Guillermo Lumbreras, and Luis Jaime Castillo. <em>Wari: Lords of the Ancient Andes.</em> [New York]: Thames &amp; Hudson; [Cleveland] : The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 243-244, p. 278, cat. 164; Reproduced: p. 242-243, fig. 233", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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Rock crystal intaglio, gilded from reverse with gold and silver, backed with lapis lazuli, mounted in a gold pendant; overall: 6 cm (2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2008.147", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Mars, Minerva, Venus, and Cupid", "creation_date": "early 1500s", "creation_date_earliest": 1500, "creation_date_latest": 1550, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "rock crystal intaglio, gilded from reverse with gold and silver, backed with lapis lazuli, mounted in a gold pendant", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 6 cm (2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.06, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "length": 0.043, "length_inch": 1, "length_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "VALERIUS\u00b7VI\u00b7F ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sold, Christie's, London, King Street, December 6, 2006, lot 90, to Guglielo Melodia.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Guglielmo Melodia (London, England), sold, Sotheby's, London, December 2, 2008, lot 35, to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lapis lazuli, the stone used in this pendant, was first mined in Afghanistan 9000 years ago.", "description": "Mars, the god of war, chooses Minerva over Venus, goddesses representing Virtue and Vice. 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Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 166197, "creators": [{"id": 7591, "description": "Valerio Belli (Italian, c. 1468\u20131546)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1468", "death_year": "1546", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2008-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:34:39.734000"}, {"id": 172387, "accession_number": "2015.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figural Pendant, 1\u2013800 CE. Isthmian Region (Colombia), Tolima. Gold, cast and hammered; overall: 29.4 x 16.2 x 1 cm (11 9/16 x 6 3/8 x 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2015.1", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Figural Pendant", "creation_date": "1\u2013800 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Isthmian Region (Colombia), Tolima"], "technique": "gold, cast and hammered", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 29.4 x 16.2 x 1 cm (11 9/16 x 6 3/8 x 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.294, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.162, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.01, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(John Wise, New York, NY, sold to an American private collector)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "American Private Collector", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-1979", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "American Private Collector by inheritance, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1979-2015", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2015-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Pendants in the form of figures with X-shaped bodies are an iconic Tolima type.", "description": "Colombia's Tolima region is justly famous for arrestingly abstracted figures like this one, among the largest of its kind. 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Isthmian Region, Panama-Costa Rica, Veraguas-Chiriqu\u00ed style, 11th century-16th century. Gold, cast; overall: 3.4 x 3 cm (1 5/16 x 1 3/16 in.). 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The warm, rosy color is the result of copper in the alloy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778800"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2015.11-feline-pendant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan E. \u201cAcquisitions 2015: Pre-Columbian and Native North American Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 2 (March/April 2016): 32-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-02"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2015.11", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.11/2015.11_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "134672", "filename": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.11/2015.11_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "762", "filesize": "136762"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.11/2015.11_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2877", "filesize": "1654147"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.11/2015.11_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6445", "height": "5454", "filesize": "105481076"}, "date_created": "2015-04-30T13:22:29", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 172471, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2015-04-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1000\u20131550", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:11.699000"}, {"id": 172556, "accession_number": "2015.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Finial with Two Deer, 400\u20131000. Isthmian Region (Colombia), Sin\u00fa (Zen\u00fa), 5th century-11th century. Gold, cast; overall: 6.8 x 4.3 x 7.4 cm (2 11/16 x 1 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2015.5", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Finial with Two Deer", "creation_date": "400\u20131000", "creation_date_earliest": 400, "creation_date_latest": 1000, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Isthmian Region (Colombia), Sin\u00fa (Zen\u00fa), 5th century-11th century"], "technique": "gold, cast", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 6.8 x 4.3 x 7.4 cm (2 11/16 x 1 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.068, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.043, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.074, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This exquisite finial was made using the lost-wax casting process.", "description": "Unique to Colombia's Sin\u00fa region are gold finials with sculptural images at right angles to thimble-like caps; the caps fit over the end of a staff, an emblem of rank that may have been held horizontally. This impressive finial features two deer (or a single creature with two deer heads) that hold human-like hands over their chests. Sin\u00fa animal imagery is understudied but may relate to beliefs about the cosmos. For instance, contemporary natives attribute importance to birds because they have the capacity to move among different environments (air, land, water); they may have been regarded as mediators among levels of the cosmos.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758515"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2015.5-finial-with-two-deer"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 82-83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan E. \u201cAcquisitions 2015: Pre-Columbian and Native North American Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 2 (March/April 2016): 32-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 32", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-02"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2015.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_web.jpg", "width": "831", "height": "900", "filesize": "144937", "filename": "2015.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_print.jpg", "width": "3141", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1460664", "filename": "2015.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_full.tif", "width": "5311", "height": "5749", "filesize": "91628000", "filename": "2015.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "847", "height": "900", "filesize": "129528"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3198", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1253250"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5665", "height": "6022", "filesize": "102372680"}, "date_created": "2015-04-29T09:41:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "871", "height": "900", "filesize": "150498"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3291", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1597559"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5448", "height": "5629", "filesize": "92029668"}, "date_created": "2015-04-28T10:31:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "889", "filesize": "125467"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3357", "filesize": "1379177"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5442", "height": "5373", "filesize": "87749440"}, "date_created": "2015-04-28T11:02:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "825", "height": "900", "filesize": "116037"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3115", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1204694"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.5/2015.5_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5588", "height": "6100", "filesize": "102289004"}, "date_created": "2015-04-28T11:14:40", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 172556, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2015-04-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u20131000", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:22.653000"}, {"id": 149978, "accession_number": "1980.202", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Anna Dummer Powell, 1764. John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815). Oil on canvas; framed: 143.5 x 119 x 7 cm (56 1/2 x 46 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 126.6 x 100.6 cm (49 13/16 x 39 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Ellery Sedgwick Jr., in memory of Mabel Cabot Sedgwick, 1980.202", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Anna Dummer Powell", "creation_date": "1764", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1764, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 143.5 x 119 x 7 cm (56 1/2 x 46 7/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 126.6 x 100.6 cm (49 13/16 x 39 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.435, "height_inch": 56, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.19, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.266, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.006, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1980</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Boston, Musuem of Fine Arts, Boston, Loan Exhibition of One Hundred Colonial Portraits (19 June - 21 September 1930), illus. p. 72.", "opening_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, National Gallery of Art, John Singleton Copley, 1738-1815 (18 September - 31 October 1965), traveled to New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art (20 November 1965 - 2 January 1966), traveled to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (22 January - 6 March 1966); exhibition catalogue, pp. 36, 136, illus. no. 21.", "opening_date": "1965-09-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, Year in Review for 1981 (1981).", "opening_date": "1981-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. [1908-1991], Cleveland, OH, to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1937-1980", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mabel Cabot Sedgwick [1873-1937], by descent to her son, Ellery Sedgwick, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1920-by 1937", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Elizabeth Rogers Mason Cabot [1834-1920], by descent to her daughter, Mabel Cabot Sedgwick", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-by 1920", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Anna Powell Rogers?", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->There is question as to whether this painting was ever owned by Anna Powell Rogers.&nbsp; The suggestion comes from Frank W. Bayley's \"The Life and Works of John Singleton Copley\" (1915), which lists \"Miss A.P. Rogers\" as the current owner of the portrait.&nbsp; A note in the curatorial file, however, remarks that Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. did not believe she owned the painting, but rather thought that Mrs. Henry Rogers passed it directly to Elizabeth Cabot.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "By 1915", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mr. or Mrs. Henry Rogers, possibly by descent to Mrs. Rogers' sister, Elizabeth Cabot", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Barbara Neville Parker's and Anne Bolling Wheeler's <em>John Singleton Copley</em> (1938) includes Mrs. Henry Rogers in the provenance, while Augustus Thorndike Perkin's <em>A Sketch of the Life and a List of Some of the Works of John Singleton Copley </em>(1873) lists Henry Rogers as the current owner. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "By 1873", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Anna Powell Perkins, Boston, by descent to her granddaughter, Mrs. Henry Rogers, or to Mr. Henry Rogers", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1783", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The museum also owns Copley\u2019s original bill of sale for this painting and its frame.", "description": "Less than two months before the 80-year-old Powell passed away, one of her sons commissioned this portrait in order to commemorate her life and create an heirloom for future generations. According to the sitter\u2019s granddaughter, Powell was \u201ca little woman of sober conviction and strong Presbyterian faith.\u201d The painting passed through a line of female descendants until shortly before it was given to the museum.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474387"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.202-anna-dummer-powell"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Note written by \u201cL,\u201d in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Note written by \u201cL,\u201d in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Parker, Barbara Neville, and Anne Bolling Wheeler. <em>John Singleton Copley; American Portraits in Oil, Pastel, and Miniature</em>. Boston, Mass: Museum of Fine Arts, 1938.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Maine Historical Society. <em>Collections of the Maine Historical Society</em>. Portland, Me: Maine Historical Society, 1831.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Handwritten notations on letter from Ellery Sedgwick, Jr. to Sherman Lee, Sept. 4, 1980, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Linda Jackson, letter to Ellery Sedgwick, Jr., June 7, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 6 (June 1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Back Cover; Mentioned: p. 212, no. 39", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38 - 39", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.202", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.202/1980.202_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "373611", "filename": "1980.202_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.202/1980.202_print.jpg", "width": "2713", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5154603", "filename": "1980.202_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.202/1980.202_full.tif", "width": "3665", "height": "4593", "filesize": "50524808", "filename": "1980.202_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Ellery Sedgwick Jr., in memory of Mabel Cabot Sedgwick", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 149978, "creators": [{"id": 2409, "description": "John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1815", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1764", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. Anna Dummer Powell"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:44:22.215000"}, {"id": 115165, "accession_number": "1935.312", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha), 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild. Gold; overall: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1935.312", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1896, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.087, "length_inch": 3, "length_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "<i>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297093, "title": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana", "description": "<i>The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana</i>. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (April 15-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 162, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Brooklyn Museum, Masterpieces of African Art, October 18, 1954-January 2, 1955, no 31.", "opening_date": "1954-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00, exh. cat. no. 18, p. 68.", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury of asantehene (King) Agyeman Prempeh I, Kumasi, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Exhibition Catalogue <em>African Negro Art</em> (1935), cat. no. 162; Original object card (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "?\u20131896", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France via Pierre Matisse, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Exhibition Catalogue <em>African Negro Art</em> (1935), cat. no. 162; Original object card (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gold objects like this were frequently melted down to make new objects in new fashions.", "description": "Gold sheaths covered the cast iron blade of a king\u2019s ceremonial knife (<em>sikay</em>), wrapping them with symbolism. In Akan states like the Asante Kingdom, gold embodies life force (<em>kra</em>) and is the sun\u2019s earthly counterpart. Only goldsmiths\u2019 guild members could make gold ornaments for the royals and their entourage, or for the royal treasury. Here, the goldsmith used a tool to push the raised floral, leaf, and geometric designs from the back of a soft sheet of gold (repouss\u00e9 technique). Small dots outlining some motifs were punched into the metal. Similarly decorated gold sheets and solid ornaments capped a knife\u2019s handle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008272"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.312-knife-sheath-tip-sik"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>African Arts</em> 10, no. 3 (April 1977): 16-24.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 19, p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. <em>African Negro Art</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 162.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. <em>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: p. 23, fig. 13, p. 68, no. 18.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In <em>Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display</em>. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955.</em> [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter. <em>African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989</em>. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 202-203, fig. 513", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Roslyn A., Martha J. Ehrlich, Christraud M. Geary, M. D. McLeod, and Doran H. Ross. <em>The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. </em>Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Dallas : Dallas Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29; reproduced: p. 95, cat. 42", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.312", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.312/1935.312_web.jpg", "width": "510", "height": "893", "filesize": "210858", "filename": "1935.312_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.312/1935.312_print.jpg", "width": "1941", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3289177", "filename": "1935.312_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.312/1935.312_full.tif", "width": "2905", "height": "5088", "filesize": "44362988", "filename": "1935.312_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115165, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:37.257000"}, {"id": 123703, "accession_number": "1944.235", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ceremonial Spittoon or Basin, late 1800s. Europe. Glass with enameled and gilded decoration; diameter: 31.8 cm (12 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.235", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Ceremonial Spittoon or Basin", "creation_date": "late 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1875, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Europe"], "technique": "glass with enameled and gilded decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Diameter: 31.8 cm (12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.318, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312146, "title": "Islamic Art", "description": "<i>Islamic Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1944-February 2, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-11-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207268, "title": "Glass of the Sultans", "description": "<i>Glass of the Sultans</i>. The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, NY (May 24-September 3, 2001); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 2, 2001-January 13, 2002); Benaki Museum, Athens, Greece (February 20-May 15, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-05-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Arts of Islam</em>. Hayward Gallery, London, UK (April 8-July 4, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Renaissance of Islam: Art of the Mamluks</em>. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (May 14-July 19, 1981); The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, MN (August 15-October 11, 1981); Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (November 7, 1981-January 3, 1982); Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (February 6-April 4, 1982); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (April 24-June 20, 1982); Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, AZ (January 8, 1983-March 6, 1983); Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT (April 2-May 29, 1983).", "opening_date": "1981-05-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "J. P. Morgan [1837\u20131913], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131944", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The intense enamel colors form striking star and leaf patterns.", "description": "This basin, as with the mosque lamp <a href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1981.10\"><u>CMA 1981.10</u></a>, is representative of reproductions of Mamluk glass that were prominent in the late 1800s in Europe during a period of resurgence of interest in Islamic art. At this time, collectors and artists revived the techniques of enameling and gilding that are hallmarks of Mamluk glass.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79901012"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.235-ceremonial-spittoon"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Part II. Annual Report Issue for the Year 1944.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 32, no. 6 (1945): 103-30.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141221"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"Two Examples of Arabic Enameled Glass.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>32, no. 10 (December 1945): 179\u2013181.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178; Mentioned: p. 180", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141241"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 716", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n130"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n234"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n234"}, {"citation": "Jones, Dalu and George Michell. <em>The Arts of Islam: Hayward Gallery, 8 April-4 July 1976</em>. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1976.", "page_number": "cat. no. 143, p. 146", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 266", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n286"}, {"citation": "At\u0131l, Esin. <em>Renaissance of Islam: Art of the Mamluks</em>. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 51, p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carboni, Stefano and David Whitehouse. <em>Glass of the Sultans</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Corning: Corning Museum of Glass; Athens: Benaki Museum; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 135, pp. 272\u2013273", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/74561"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.235", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_web.jpg", "width": "1192", "height": "893", "filesize": "668175", "filename": "1944.235_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2548", "filesize": "5255121", "filename": "1944.235_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "3742", "filesize": "56068260", "filename": "1944.235_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "802", "filesize": "577193"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2158", "filesize": "4274010"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4952", "height": "3144", "filesize": "46734096"}, "date_created": "2010-11-18T16:28:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "834", "filesize": "689553"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2246", "filesize": "4771665"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5316", "height": "3512", "filesize": "56037056"}, "date_created": "2010-11-18T16:51:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1245", "height": "893", "filesize": "708896"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2439", "filesize": "5057271"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5033", "height": "3611", "filesize": "54550472"}, "date_created": "2010-11-18T16:57:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "678919"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "5411055"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99887892"}, "date_created": "2010-11-18T17:09:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1114", "height": "893", "filesize": "582962"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2725", "filesize": "5022587"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5384", "height": "4316", "filesize": "69740804"}, "date_created": "2010-11-18T17:17:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1222", "height": "893", "filesize": "746688"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2485", "filesize": "5259702"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5129", "height": "3749", "filesize": "57714928"}, "date_created": "2010-11-18T17:22:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "1060", "height": "893", "filesize": "655066"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "1823", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2031868"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.235/1944.235_alt6_full.tif", "width": "1823", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8403636"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123703, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-05-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1875, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:00.760000"}, {"id": 128158, "accession_number": "1951.152", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mold for a Eulogia (Blessing) Bread, 600s-900s. Byzantium, Palestine, Byzantine period, 7th-10th century. Wood; diameter: 8.8 x 1.9 cm (3 7/16 x 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Thirty-fifth anniversary gift of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mallon, 1951.152", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Mold for a Eulogia (Blessing) Bread", "creation_date": "600s-900s", "creation_date_earliest": 600, "creation_date_latest": 999, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Palestine, Byzantine period, 7th-10th century"], "technique": "wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Diameter: 8.8 x 1.9 cm (3 7/16 x 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.088, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.019, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Arts of Christian Antiquity</em>, University Art Gallery Notre Dame, Indiana (October 1-31, 1957).", "opening_date": "1931-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Architectural Style in Miniature</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 1-November 30, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-08-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Orthodox Religious Art</em>, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI (April-May, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Late Antique and Early Christian Art</em>, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (1977-1978).", "opening_date": "1977-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mallon, New York, NY, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1951", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Medieval Christian pilgrims often traveled months or years to religious sites in the Holy Land and returned home with blessed mementos of their journey, such as vials of holy water, relics from saints, and even special loaves of bread. This mold was used to mark bread with an image of the Church of Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem; the bread was then distributed to pilgrims.", "description": "It was a common early Christian practice to stamp images and inscriptions into loaves of bread using special molds. Representing the Church of the Holy Sepulcher on Mount Golgotha--the hill outside Jerusalem on which Christ was crucified and entombed--this wooden mold was probably used to stamp loaves of bread distributed to pilgrims visiting Jerusalem, in commemoration of their journey.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747410"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.152-mold-for-a-eulogia-b"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wessel, Klaus, Marcell Restle, Birgitt Borkopp-Restle, Annegret Plontke-Lu\u0308ning, and Andreas Pu\u0308lz. <em>Reallexikon zur byzantinischen Kunst.</em> 1966.", "page_number": "p. 751", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galavaris, George. <em>Bread and the Liturgy: The Symbolism of Early Christian and Byzantine Bread Stamps. </em>1970.", "page_number": "pp. 153-185, fig. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krautheimer, Richard, and Slobodan C\u0301urc\u030cic\u0301. <em>Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture.</em> Harmondsworth, Middlesex, Eng: Penguin Books, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duval, Noel \"Art Chretien, exposition au Metropolitan Museum de New York\" <em>Archeologia </em>120 (July 1978).", "page_number": "p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schapiro, Meyer. <em>Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art</em>. New York: G. Braziller, 1979.", "page_number": "pp. 588-589, cat. no. 528", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krautheimer, Richard. <em>Three Christian Capitals: Topography and Politics.</em> Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 54, fig. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wharton, Annabel Jane. <em>Refiguring the Post Classical City: Dura Europos, Jerash, Jerusalem, and Ravenna</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "pp. 96-7, fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 60, no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein.<em> Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 56, cat. 11", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.152", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.152/1951.152_web.jpg", "width": "984", "height": "893", "filesize": "660276", "filename": "1951.152_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.152/1951.152_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3085", "filesize": "7653312", "filename": "1951.152_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.152/1951.152_full.tif", "width": "4808", "height": "4363", "filesize": "62969660", "filename": "1951.152_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.152/1951.152_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "920", "height": "893", "filesize": "617658"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.152/1951.152_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3301", "filesize": "8821285"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.152/1951.152_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4516", "height": "4384", "filesize": "59430036"}, "date_created": "2009-08-18T15:39:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.152/1951.152_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "801", "height": "893", "filesize": "628802"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.152/1951.152_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1712", "filesize": "2246773"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.152/1951.152_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1712", "filesize": "7891820"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Thirty-fifth anniversary gift of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mallon", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128158, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-06-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 600, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "600s-900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:36:52.985000"}, {"id": 154403, "accession_number": "1989.117", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase with Bird and Flower Design (\ubc31\uc790 \uccad\ud654 \ud654\uc870\ubb38 \ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u9751\u7575\u82b1\u9ce5\u6587\u58fa]), late 1800s\u2013early 1900s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Porcelain with underglaze blue; outer diameter: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.); overall: 49.4 cm (19 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Yamanaka Shoji in memory of Jiro Yamanaka, 1989.117", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Vase with Bird and Flower Design", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790 \uccad\ud654 \ud654\uc870\ubb38 \ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u9751\u7575\u82b1\u9ce5\u6587\u58fa]", "creation_date": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1875, "creation_date_latest": 1925, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "porcelain with underglaze blue", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Outer diameter: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.); Overall: 49.4 cm (19 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"outer diameter": {"width": 0.343, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "overall": {"height": 0.494, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.167, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.07, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "length of neck": {"height": 0.057, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310333, "title": "The Year in Review for 1989", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1989</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 6-April 15, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311490, "title": "Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Later Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 337978, "title": "Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "<i>Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 24, 2019-January 26, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 439071, "title": "Popular Art from Early Modern Korea", "description": "<i>Popular Art from Early Modern Korea</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 29, 2021-April 17, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-10-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 670878, "title": "Pattern and Decoration in Royal Art of the Joseon Dynasty", "description": "<i>Pattern and Decoration in Royal Art of the Joseon Dynasty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2024-March 16, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 695133, "title": "Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art", "description": "<i>Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10, 2026-April 25, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Tregoning Fine Art, Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131989", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Nineteenth-century Korean blue-and-white porcelains tend to feature broad shoulders and a tall neck.", "description": "This vase with broad shoulders and a tall neck represents a typical style of 19th-century blue-and-white porcelain. Unlike earlier examples decorated mainly with literati themes that evoke neo-Confucian moral values\u2014plum blossoms (purity), orchids (grace), bamboo (integrity), and chrysanthemums (loftiness)\u2014porcelain works of the 1800s feature fully bloomed peonies and a pair of playful birds, symbols of wealth and familial harmony.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79941261"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.117-vase-with-bird-and-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review: Selections 1989.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 2 (February 1990): 38\u201378.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60; Mentioned: p. 78, no. 219", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160106"}, {"citation": "Choi, Kyung-hwa, \u201cStylistic Features of 19th-Century Blue and White Ware as Seen in Dated Materials [\ud3b8\ub144\uc790\ub8cc\ub97c \ud1b5\ud558\uc5ec \ubcf8 19\uc138\uae30 \uccad\ud654\ubc31\uc790\uc758 \uc591\uc2dd\uc801 \ud2b9\uc9d5].\u201d <em>Misulsahak yeongu</em> (1996): 77-107.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.kci.go.kr/"}, {"citation": "Bang, Byungsun. \"The Technology of Porcelain Manufacturing in the late Joseon Dynasty [\u671d\u9bae\u5f8c\u671f\u767d\u78c1\uc758\u88fd\u4f5c\u6280\u8853\u784f\u7a76].\" <em>Misul sahak yeongu </em>(1997): 67 -104.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00995382"}, {"citation": "Jeon, Seung-chang. \"Painted Images of Late Joseon-Period Porcelains and Their Connections with Folk Painting [\uc870\uc120\ud6c4\uae30 \ubc31\uc790\uc7a5\uc2dd\uc758 \ubbfc\ud654\uc694\uc18c \uace0\ucc30].\" <em>Misulsa yeongu </em>(2002): 255-278.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00195406"}, {"citation": "Bang, Byungsun. \"Park Jae-ka and Lee Hee-kyung's Views on Chosun Porcelain [\u695a\u4ead \u6734\u9f4a\u5bb6\u318d\u7db8\u83f4 \uf9e1\u559c\u7d93\uc758 \ub3c4\uc790 \uc778\uc2dd].\" <em>Misul sahak yeongu</em> (2003): 213-234.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE00996906"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kyeong-sook. <em>History of Korean Ceramics</em> [\u97d3\u570b\u9676\u78c1\u53f2]. Seoul: Yekyong, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Choi, Kyung-hwa. \u201cObservations on the Relation between Designs on White Porcelain and Folk Paintings of the Late Joseon Period [\uc870\uc120 \ud6c4\uae30 \uccad\ud654\ubc31\uc790 \ubb38\uc591\uacfc \ubbfc\ud654\uc640\uc758 \uc0c1\uad00\uc131 \uace0\ucc30].\u201d <em>Hanguk munhwa yeongu </em>(2018): 151-18.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.kci.go.kr/"}, {"citation": "\"Patterns and Decoration in the Joseon Dynasty.\" <em>Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries </em>v.28: i.1 (November 2024).", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": "https://asianartnewspaper.com/patterns-and-decoration-in-the-joseon-dynasty/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.117", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.117/1989.117_web.jpg", "width": "730", "height": "900", "filesize": "182791", "filename": 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1701. Carlo Maratti (Italian, 1625\u20131713). Oil on canvas; overall: 98.5 x 74.5 cm (38 3/4 x 29 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 2018.1", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Portrait of Francesca Gommi Maratti", "creation_date": "c. 1701", "creation_date_earliest": 1695, "creation_date_latest": 1705, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "Oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 98.5 x 74.5 cm (38 3/4 x 29 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.985, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.745, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "framed": {"height": 1.232, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.994, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.103, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306886, "title": "Recent Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Recent Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 17-June 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 382989, "title": "Lust, Love, and Loss in Renaissance Europe", "description": "<i>Lust, Love, and Loss in Renaissance Europe</i>. The David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art, Chicago, IL (organizer) (April 5-June 12, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-04-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Mostra del Ritratto Italiano. </em>Palazzo Vecchio, Florence, Italy (1911), room 26, no. 17 (as \u201cuna scultrice,\u201d and \u201cscuola italiano\u201d).", "opening_date": "1911-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Carlo Maratti 1625-1713. </em>Nicholas Hall, New York, NY (2017).", "opening_date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Mola e il su tempo. Pittura di figura dalla Collezione Koelliker</em>. Palazzo Chigi, Arricia, Italy (January 2 - April 23 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-01-22T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Recent Acquisitions. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 17, 2018 - June 6, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[presumably] Carlo Maratti and Francesca Gommi Maratti, Casino d'Albano", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1705", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "[possibly] by descent to their daughter, Faustina Maratti Zappi (1679-1745)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Possibly until 1745", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Pietro Ceci (d. 1919), Rome", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1911 - 1919", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "by descent to his widow, Maria Barbani Ceci, and daughters, Feliciana Schiff-Giorgini and Adriana Misciatelli", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919 - 2004", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Carlo Orsi, Milan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2004", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Luigi Koelliker, Milan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2004 - 2014", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Robilant + Voena, London and Milan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2014 - 2017", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(NIcholas Hall, New York, by whom sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2017", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2018 - Present", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sitter holds a drawing representing Venus making Cupid's weapons, symbolizing the power of love to conquer all.", "description": "In 1700 Carlo Maratti\u2019s wife died, permitting him to marry his longtime mistress, Francesca Gommi, who began modeling for the artist in the 1670s and was the mother of his only child, Faustina. This painting was presumably painted shortly after the marriage as an homage from the artist to his new wife. To introduce an allegorical element into the composition, Maratti included a painting within a painting\u2014in this case a drawing depicting Venus forging the love-darts of her adolescent son Cupid, suggesting that love will conquer all.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482978"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.1-portrait-of-francesc"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Caversazzi, Ciro. <em>Il Ritratto italiano dal Caravaggio al Tiepolo</em>. Bergamo: Istituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 190-191 # 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bershad, David L. \u201cThe Newly Discovered Testament and Inventories of Carlo Maratti and his Wife Francesca (Gommi).\u201d <em>Antologia di Belle Arti</em> 25-26 (1985) 65-84.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Natoli, Marina and Francesco Petrucci. <em>Donne di Roma: dall'Impero Romano al 1860: Ritrattistica Romana al Femminile.</em> Roma: De Luca Editori d'Arte, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24, #20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petrucci, Francesco, ed. <em>Mola e Il Suo Tempo: Pittura Di Figura a Roma Dalla Collezione Koelliker</em>. Geneva-Milan: Skira, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 228-229, #60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petrucci, Francesco. <em>Pittura di Ritratto a Roma: il Settecento</em>. Rome: Andreina &amp; Valneo Budai, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 342-343, p. 650, #420", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hall, Nicholas, Stella Rudolph and Ian Kennedy. <em>Paintings by Carlo Maratti</em>. New York: Nicholas Hall, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 32-35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby\u2019s, New York. <em>Painting Passion: The Baroque in Italy</em>. September 24, 2018. Lot 14.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2014/painting-passion-the-baroque-in-italy-n09108/lot.14.html?locale=en"}, {"citation": "Agresti, Alessandro, and Carlo Maratti. Carlo Maratti: eredita\u0300 ed evoluzioni del classicismo romano. Roma : De Luca editori d'arte, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 64, fig. 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rudolph, Stella, Simonetta Prosperi Valenti Rodino\u0300, and Carlo Maratti. Carlo Maratti (1625-1713) : Tra La Magnificenza Del Barocco E Il Sogno d\u2019Arcadia : Dipinti E Disegni. Roma: Ugo Bozzi Editore -- Edizioni per la Storia dell\u2019Arte, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 53, 996 and 998; reproduced: p. 996,997 and 999, cat. 227", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_web.jpg", "width": "681", "height": "900", "filesize": "169274", "filename": "2018.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_print.jpg", "width": "2574", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2846466", "filename": "2018.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_full.tif", "width": "5526", "height": "7299", "filesize": "121031780", "filename": "2018.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "900", "filesize": "356732"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2767", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4096963"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8090", "height": "9940", "filesize": "241273412"}, "date_created": "2020-02-03T15:16:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "742", "height": "900", "filesize": "221412"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2802", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3677813"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5898", "height": "7156", "filesize": "126648196"}, "date_created": "2018-01-29T14:32:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "751", "height": "900", "filesize": "211623"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2836", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2622840"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.1/2018.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5767", "height": "6914", "filesize": "119651584"}, "date_created": "2018-01-29T14:23:29", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. 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Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 50.4 x 15.5 x 26.9 cm (19 13/16 x 6 1/8 x 10 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.237", "current_location": "104 Late Antiquity", "title": "Jonah Swallowed", "creation_date": "280\u201390 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 280, "creation_date_latest": 290, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Early Christian", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 50.4 x 15.5 x 26.9 cm (19 13/16 x 6 1/8 x 10 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.504, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.155, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.269, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. 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Klejman, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1965", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 141651, "description": "The Good Shepherd, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 49.5 x 26 x 16.2 cm (19 1/2 x 10 1/4 x 6 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.241", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141650, "description": "Jonah Praying, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 47.5 x 14.8 x 20.3 cm (18 11/16 x 5 13/16 x 8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.240", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141645, "description": "Jonah Under the Gourd Vine, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 32.3 x 46.3 x 18 cm (12 11/16 x 18 1/4 x 7 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.239", "relationship": null}, {"id": 141644, "description": "Jonah Cast Up, 280\u201390 CE. Anatolia, late Roman-early Christian. Marble; overall: 41.5 x 36 x 18.5 cm (16 5/16 x 14 3/16 x 7 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1965.238", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although usually thought of as a whale, here the artist has depicted Jonah swallowed by a cetus, a large, monstrous sea creature.", "description": "After disobeying the Lord\u2019s command to proclaim judgment on the city of Nineveh, the Old Testament prophet Jonah was cast into the sea and swallowed by a sea monster. Here, the beast swallows Jonah headfirst.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758592"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.237-jonah-swallowed"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Art-The Cleveland Museum of Art's Golden Show\" Newsweek (September 12, 1966).", "page_number": "p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Sculpture-Jonah and the Shepherd\" Time (September 21, 1966).", "page_number": "p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique Des Arts\" Supplement a la Gazette des Beaux-Arts (October 1966).", "page_number": "p. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"'Golden Anniversary' Acquisitions by the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 108, no. 764 (1966)", "page_number": "p. 579, fig. 53", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/875138"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, January-March, 1966\" The Art Quarterly XXIX, no. 2 (1966).", "page_number": "p. 173, no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burton, Richard \"Fifty Years of the Cleveland Museum of Art: Some Golden Anniversary Acquisitions,\" <em>The Connoisseur</em> (October 1966).", "page_number": "p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 1967.", "page_number": "no. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Ancient Art - Byzantine, \"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, October - December, 1966\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> XXX (Spring 1967).", "page_number": "p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Early Christian Sculptures at Cleveland.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 3 (1967).", "page_number": "pp. 67-88", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152146"}, {"citation": "Du Bourguet, Pierre. <em>Early Christian art</em>. New York: Reynal, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper, Barbara, and Maureen Matheson. <em>The World Museums Guide</em>. London: Threshold, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gough, Michael. <em>The Origins of Christian Art</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 38, pl. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Margaret English Frazer, and Kurt Weitzmann. <em>Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art Third to Seventh Century. </em>New York: The Museum, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 407-411", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=efLuB7QPDm8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=cleveland&f=false"}, {"citation": "Kitzinger, Ernst. <em>Byzantine Art in the Making: Main Lines of Stylistic Development in Mediterranean Art, 3rd-7th Century. </em>Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 20-21, pl. 30, 32, 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kitzinger, Ernst. 1978. \"The Cleveland Marbles\". <em>I Monumenti Cristiani Preconstantiniani</em>. 653-675.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vyverberg, Henry. <em>The Living Tradition: Art, Music, and Ideas in the Western World. </em>New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vermeule, Cornelius C.<em> Greek and Roman Sculpture in America: Masterpieces in Public Collections in the United States and Canada</em>. Malibu, Calif: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.", "page_number": "pp. 224-29, no. 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Das M\u00fcnster</em>, Heft 1, Jahrgang XXXV (1982).", "page_number": "p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gudrun Domolka-Fuchs, \"Eine Beinschnitzerei mit Joanasdarstellung aus dem Limeskastell Iatrus bei Krivina (Nordbulgarien).\" <em>Forshungen und Berichte</em> no. 22 (1982).", "page_number": "p. 201", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Kyu\u0304yaku Seisyo</em>. Tokyo: Mainichi Shimbunsha, 1984.", "page_number": "pl. 53, p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "McColl, Donald Alexander. <em>Early Christian Sculptures at Cleveland in Their Eastern Mediterranean Context.</em> 1991.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Dresken-Weiland, Jutta. <em>Reliefierte Tischplatten aus theodosianischer Zeit.</em> Citta\u0300 del Vaticano: Pontificio Istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1991.", "page_number": "pp. 156, 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lehman, Karen M. \" Sacred and Profane Hellenizing Marbles of the Late Third Century Roman Empire: Secular Portraits and Religious Narrative Sculptures in the Cleveland Museum of Art Reviewed in the Cultural Context.\" M.A. thesis, Kent State University, 2004.", "page_number": "Mnetined: p. v; Reproduced: p.106, fig. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn. <em>Medieval Art.</em> Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn, David Cateforis, and Stephen Addiss. <em>Art History</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005.", "page_number": "fig. 7-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sawyer, John F. A. <em>The Blackwell Companion to Bible and Culture</em>. 2006.", "page_number": "p. 301, fig. 18.1a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 28, 30, no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein.<em> Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 34-37, no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sawyer, John F. A.<em> The Blackwell Companion to the Bible and Culture.</em> Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007.", "page_number": "p.301, fig. 18.1a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel. <em>A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages</em>. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 20, fig. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "p. 20, fig. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eastmond, Antony. <em>The Glory of Byzantium and Early Christendom. </em>2013.", "page_number": "p. 16, figs. 3 & 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 260", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Meyer, Mati. <em>Omanut yeme ha-benayim be-Eropah uba-biznat\u0323yon.</em> Ra\u02bbananah: ha-Universit\u0323ah ha-petuh\u0323ah, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69, #26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hornik, Heidi J. \"Freestanding Sculpture.\" In <em>The Routledge Handbook of Early Christian Art.</em>Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen and Mark D. Ellison, editors. Abingdon Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74, fig. 5.1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rumscheid, Frank, Sabine Schrenk and Kornelia Kressirer. <em>Go\u0308ttliche Ungerechtigkeit?: Strafen und Glaubenspru\u0308fungen als Themen antiker und fru\u0308hchristlicher Kunst</em>. Petersberg: Dr. M. Imhof, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 300; IV.2.3 Abb. 4 -6;Kat. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bol, Peter, Carola Reinsberg, Renate Bol, D. Kreikenbom, Hans-Ulrich Cain, Heike Richter, and Britta O\u0308zen-Kleine. Plastik der ro\u0308mischen Kaiserzeit vom Regierungsantritt des Antoninus Pius bis zum Ende der Antike. Worms : Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbh, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 191, 193 and 194; Reproduced: Textabb. 100-101, pg. 194.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hornik, Heidi J. \"Interpreting Select Early Sculptures Using Art-Historical Methodology.\" In <em>Early Christians and Their Art</em>, edited by Mikeal C. Parsons and Robin M. Jensen, 1-247. Atlanta: SBL Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9; Reproduced: p. 11, fig. 1.7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.237", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "244153", "filename": "1965.237_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4081755", "filename": "1965.237_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_full.tif", "width": "4250", "height": "5500", "filesize": "70156236", "filename": "1965.237_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "245932"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4134105"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4250", "height": "5500", "filesize": "70156396"}, "date_created": "2008-04-16T14:56:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "216387"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3922064"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4250", "height": "5500", "filesize": "70155364"}, "date_created": "2008-04-16T15:10:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "302806"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2351", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4762947"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.237/1965.237_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3457", "height": "5000", "filesize": "51870952"}, "date_created": "2005-10-26T15:19:26", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141643, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-09-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 280, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "280\u201390 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:16:33.396000"}, {"id": 147166, "accession_number": "1973.106", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan, c. 600. Southern Cambodia, Takeo Province, Phnom Da. Sandstone; overall: 203.1 x 68 x 55.5 cm (79 15/16 x 26 3/4 x 21 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1973.106", "current_location": "243 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan", "creation_date": "c. 600", "creation_date_earliest": 590, "creation_date_latest": 610, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern Cambodia, Takeo Province, Phnom Da"], "technique": "Sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Cambodian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 203.1 x 68 x 55.5 cm (79 15/16 x 26 3/4 x 21 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.031, "height_inch": 79, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.68, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.555, "depth_inch": 21, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "without base": {"height": 2.008, "height_inch": 79, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "mounted": {"height": 3.174, "height_inch": 124, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.445, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.445, "depth_inch": 17, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 357308, "title": "Revealing Krishna: Journey to Cambodia\u2019s Sacred Mountain", "description": "<i>Revealing Krishna: Journey to Cambodia\u2019s Sacred Mountain</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2021-January 30, 2022); National Museum of Asian Art, Washington, DC (April 30-September 18, 2022) https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/revealing-krishna-journey-to-the-sacred-mountain/.", "opening_date": "2021-11-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 676976, "title": "Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d", "description": "<i>Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 12, 2024-November 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "L\u00e9once Rosenberg [1879\u20131947], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1910\u20131920", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Adolphe Stoclet [1871\u20131949], Palais Stoclet, Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920\u20131949", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mich\u00e8le Leon-Stoclet [1932\u20131967], Brussels, Belgium, and Barcelona, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949\u20131967", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gold earrings were once fastened to the sculpture using holes in the figure's earlobes.", "description": "This masterwork of early Cambodian sculpture shows the Hindu god Krishna effortlessly holding aloft a mountain to protect his fellow villagers and herds from torrential storms sent by a jealous old god. It is one of eight monumental monolithic figures recovered from a two-peaked mountain in the floodplains of the Mekong River delta, on the outskirts of the ancient urban center of Angkor Borei.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79926250"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.106-krishna-lifting-moun"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby Mak van Waay B.V., Amsterdam. <em>Collection Le\u0301once Rosenberg, Paris, deuxie\u0300me et dernie\u0300re partie, Vente Publique</em>. Le Mardi 1 Juin 1920. Lot 214.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Groslier, George. <em>Arts et arche\u0301ologie Khmers: Revue des recherches sur les arts, les monuments et l'ethnographie du Cambodge depuis les origines jusqu'a\u0300 nos jours. 2, 2</em>. Paris: Ste\u0301 des e\u0301d. ge\u0301ographiques, maritimes et coloniales, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  [no page number], descriptive caption facing Pl. XXX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. <em>History of Indian and Indonesian Art</em>. New York: E Weyhe, 1927.", "page_number": "p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goloubew, Victor. <em>Documents pour servir a\u0300 l'e\u0301tude d'Ajanta; les peintures de la premie\u0300re grotte</em>. Paris et Bruxelles: G. Vanoest, 1927.", "page_number": "p. 415", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parmentier, Henri. <em>L'art khme\u0300r primitif</em>. Paris: G. Vanoest, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 121 and fig. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fischer, Otto. <em>Die Kunst Indiens, Chinas und Japans</em>. Berlin: Propyla\u0308en-Verlag, 1928.", "page_number": "p. 226", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuisinier, Jeanne. \u201cCollections of Oriental Art in Belgium,\u201d <em>Indian Art and Letters </em>New Series, Vol II, no. 2. London: The India Society, Second issue for 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 81 and Plate E", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Coral R\u00e9musat, Gilberte. \u201cL'activit\u00e9 Arch\u00e9ologique Dans L'Inde Ext\u00e9rieure.\u201d <em>Revue Des Arts Asiatiques</em>, vol. 10, no. 4, 1936, pp. 211\u2013226.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 225-226", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/43475009"}, {"citation": "C\u0153de\u0300s, George. <em>Inscriptions du Cambodge</em>. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, p. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Visser, H. F. E. <em>Asiatic Art in Private Collections of Holland and Belgium</em>. Amsterdam: \"De Spieghel\" Pub. Co, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 198, no. 338, pp. 76-77, 476-477", "url": null}, {"citation": "Briggs, Lawrence Palmer.<em> The Ancient Khmer Empire</em>. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1951.", "page_number": "p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rowland, Benjamin. <em>The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu [and] Jain</em>. [Baltimore]: Penguin Books, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: plate 155, p. 227", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dupont, Pierre. <em>La statuaire pre\u0301angkorienne</em>. Ascona, Suisse: Artibus Asiae, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 40-41; Reproduced: Plate V-A", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1973.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 61, no. 2, 1974, pp. 30\u201379.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30; Mentioned: no. 182, p. 31 and 79", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \u201cA Masterpiece of Early Cambodian Sculpture.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 61, no. 4, 1974, pp. 119\u2013127.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 117-127", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152522"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 316", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n336"}, {"citation": "Schwartzberg, Joseph E., and Shiva G. Bajpai. <em>A Historical Atlas of South Asia</em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. II.D.6 30. Mentioned: p. 185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya. <em>The Ideal Image: The Gupta Sculptural Tradition and Its Influence</em>. [New York]: Asia Society in association with J. Weatherhill, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \"The Case of the Buried Fragments.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Vol. 66, No. 7 (Oct., 1979), pp. 288-295.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 288-295; Reproduced: fig. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10A-D, and back cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159641"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265, fig. 328", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jessup, Helen Ibbitson, and Thierry Zephir. <em>Sculpture of Angkor and Ancient Cambodia: Millennium of Glory</em>. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, p. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 160-161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. \"The Cleveland Museum's Krsna Govardhana and the Early Phnom Da Style of Cambodian Sculpture,\" <em>Ars Orientalis supplement</em> [<em>Cha\u0304cha\u0304ji\u0304; Professor Walter M. Spink Felicitation Volume</em>]. 2000 supplement, pp. 127-135.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127, fig. 1; p. 128, fig. 3.", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 102, p. 92; Mentioned: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fontein, Jan. <em>Chinese works of art from the Stoclet collection: 25 March-5 April 2003 : exhibition in New York at PaceWildenstein</em>. London: Eskenazi, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lavy, Paul Andrew. V<em>is\u0323n\u0323u and Harihara in the Art and Politics of Early Historic Southeast Asia</em>. PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 228", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jessup, Helen Ibbitson. <em>Art &amp; Architecture of Cambodia</em>. New York: Thames &amp; Hudson Inc., 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28, fig. 21; Mentioned: pp. 28-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw, \"Great Acquisitions and Southeast Asian Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Orientations, An Issue in Honour of Sherman E. Lee</em> (Jan/Feb 2005), vol. 36, no. 1.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Channing, Laurence, \"Before Neo: The May Show\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 45 no. 07, September 2005", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 12-13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-07/page/12"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. \"A Quest for the Best: The Enduring Legacy of Sherman E. Lee,\" <em>Orientations</em> vol. 40, no. 5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumoulin, Michel. <em>Les Stoclet: microcosme d'ambitions et de passions</em>. Bruxelles: Le Cri, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 316", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 64-65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guy, John, and Pierre Baptiste. <em>Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia</em>. New York, N.Y.: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 146-149, cat. no. 72; Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 214\u2013215", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Narayanan, Vasudha. \u201cThe Hero at Play: Depictions of the Govardhana-Laia story in Khmer art.\u201d <em>Journal of Vaishnava Studies. </em>Vol. 23, no. 2 (Spring 2015), pp. 131-147.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134, 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Porte, Bertrand. \u201cSculptures Transform\u00e9es, Du Phnom Da Au N\u00fai Ba Th\u00ea.\u201d <em>Arts Asiatiques</em>, vol. 71, 2016, pp. 141\u2013158.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 13", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/26358217"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Revire, Nicholas. \u201cDvaravat\u0131 and Zhenla in the seventh to eighth centuries: A transregional ritual complex\" <em> Journal of Southeast Asian Studies</em>, 47(3), pp 393\u2013417.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum of Art Embarks on Radical Reconstruction of Cambodian Krishna Statue.\" <em>Western Association for Art Conservation. Newsletter.</em> 40:1 (January 2018): 28.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Michael D., and Damian Evans. <em>Angkor and the Khmer Civilization</em>. [New York, NY]: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96, fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bassoul, Aziz. <em>Splendour of Khmer Iconography: Ancient Cambodian Art of the 5th to the 13th Centuries in Major World Museums and Private Collections.</em> Beirut: Cedar of Lebanon Editions, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 120-121, no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Michael D. and Damian Evans. <em>Angkor and the Khmer Civilization</em>. New York: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: no. 26, pp. 96, 298", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie. \"Restorations and Reconstructions: Cambodian Art to and from Cleveland.\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> 48, no. 3 (May-June 2018): 57\u201367.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boyd, Bentley. \"Exhibitions in 2020.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 1 (January/February 2020): 15-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17; Mentioned: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2020-01"}, {"citation": "\"Revealing Krishna: Journey to Cambodia's Sacred Mountain.\" <em>Asian Art: the Newspaper for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries</em> 24, i. 2 (Winter 2020): 22.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie Mace. \u201cThe Cleveland Krishna: A masterwork inspires new technologies and international collaboration.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 4 (Fall 2021): 4\u20138.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5; Mentioned: p. 4\u20138", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2021-04"}, {"citation": "Edelstein, Beth. \u201cConserving Krishna: A seven-year restoration project reveals stunning results.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 4 (Fall 2021): 9\u201310.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9; Mentioned: p. 9\u201310", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2021-04/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Alexander, Jane. \"A Virtual Polish for an Ancient Masterwork.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 4 (Fall 2021): 11\u201315.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12; Mentioned: p. 11\u201315", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2021-04/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Bertrand Porte, Choulean ANG, Pierre Baptiste, CHEA Socheat, Thierry Ze\u0301phir, Christian Fischer, Beth Edelstein, Collen Snyder, and Amaris Sturm. <em>Revealing Krishna: Essays on the History, Context and Conservationof Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan from Phnom Da</em>. Lewes, UK: D Giles Limited; Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, p. 14, p. 25, pl.6, p. 32, fig. 1, p. 35, fig. 2, p. 50, fig. 16, p. 51, fig. 17, p. 53, fig. 18, p. 60, fig. 20, p. 61, fig. 21, p. 72, fig. 31, pp. 82-83, figs. 39-40, p. 104, fig. 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Revealing Krishna: Journey to Cambodia's Sacred Mountain.\" <em>Asian Art: the Newspaper for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries</em> 25, i. 2 (Winter 2021): 11.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bank of America. <em>Bank of America Art Conservation Project, 2017-2019. Volume III: Celebrating Cultural Sustainability</em>. [New York, N.Y.]: Bank of America Corporation, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 22\u201323", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie. \"Krishna Reinstalled: Presenting the reconstructed Cambodian sculpture.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>65, no. 3 (2024): 28.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.106", "images": {"annotation": "After 2020 restoration", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106/1973.106_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1973.106_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106/1973.106_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1973.106_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106/1973.106_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "14204", 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"annotation": "Digital rendering of 3D model overlaid with artist's reconstruction"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106/1973.106_alt20_web.jpg", "width": "724", "height": "900", "filesize": "167738"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106/1973.106_alt20_print.jpg", "width": "2736", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1137235"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106/1973.106_alt20_full.tif", "width": "4834", "height": "6007", "filesize": "19483564"}, "annotation": "Photo taken at time of the 1973 acquisition. CMA archives neg. no. 42719"}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "7dd6fbb4f9e44f99bf8ca2b7786c0822", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/7dd6fbb4f9e44f99bf8ca2b7786c0822", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147166, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-08-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 590, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 600", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Krishna  Govardhana"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:03.355000"}, {"id": 159309, "accession_number": "1996.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sweet Melancholy, 1756. Joseph-Marie Vien (French, 1716\u20131809). Oil on canvas; framed: 86.4 x 76.2 x 6.5 cm (34 x 30 x 2 9/16 in.); unframed: 68 x 55 cm (26 3/4 x 21 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1996.1", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Sweet Melancholy", "creation_date": "1756", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1756, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 86.4 x 76.2 x 6.5 cm (34 x 30 x 2 9/16 in.); Unframed: 68 x 55 cm (26 3/4 x 21 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.864, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.68, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.55, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"jos. m. vien / 1756\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 222896, "title": "More Light. Europe Around 1770. Art and Enlightenment", "description": "<i>More Light. Europe Around 1770. Art and Enlightenment</i>. St\u00e4del Museum, Franfurt am Main, Germany (August 22, 1999-January 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-08-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 205940, "title": "A Voluptuous Taste: French Painting in the Age of Madame de Pompadour", "description": "<i>A Voluptuous Taste: French Painting in the Age of Madame de Pompadour</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Tours, Tours, France (October 11, 2008-January 12, 2009); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (February 7-May 17, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Exhibited at the Salon of 1757. no. 31", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Madame Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Geoffrin [1699-1777], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Geoffrin, one of Vien\u2019s patrons and host of a salon that he frequently attended, purchased the painting directly from the artist for 400 livres, possibly at the Salon of 1757.&nbsp; &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably from 1757", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jean Louis Antoine le Vaillant de Damery, Chevalier de l\u2019Ordre Royal Militaire de St-Louis [1723-1803]", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Some versions of the painting\u2019s provenance list Damery followed by Durbarry, while they appear in the reverse order in others.&nbsp; Although this is not confirmed, it seems that Damery should appear first for the following reasons: 1) An engraving after the painting by Beauvarlet, published c. 1765, situates the painting in the Damery collection; 2) In all versions of this provenance, Conti is followed, directly or indirectly, by the Marquis de Saint-Marc; if the painting appeared in the November 18-19, 1803 sale of Damery\u2019s collection, Damery would fall between Conti and the Marquis in the provenance, which is the never the case; 3) This painting, a prominent titled work by Vien, is not listed by title in the 1803 Damery sale, which includes a lot containing works by Vien, some of which are named; 4) Pierre Remy came into posession of the the painting at the 1774 Dubarry sale, sold it to the Prince de Conti, and then auctioned off the Conti collection in 1777; that Remy acquired the painting at the Dubarry sale and is then associated with the painting for the next three years strongly suggests that Damery was not involved with the painting by this point. It is possible that Damery sold the painting in 1764, when he was forced to sell off part of his paintings collections for financial reasons. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "c. 1765", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Comte Jean-Baptiste Dubarry [1723-1794], Toulouse, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1774", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sale: Jean-Pierre-Baptiste Le Brun and Pierre Remy, Paris, Dubarry sale, Nov. 21, 1774, no. 93, probably bought in)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Nov. 21, 1774", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Pierre Remy, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Remy, who is indicated as the buyer at the Dubarry sale by an annotation in the catalogue, presided over both the Dubarry and Prince de Conti auctions, and thus he was likely not the \"buyer\" of the painting. Rather, the painting was probably unsold or was bought in at the Dubarry sale, and thus the Vien remained with the auction house or with Remy, in his capacity as an agent, until the Prince de Conti somehow acquired it.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1774-", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Louis Fran\u00e7ois, 6th Prince de Conti [1717-1776], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1776", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Sale: Pierre Remy, Paris, France, Prince de Conti sale, April 17, 1777, no. 732, sold to Quenet)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 17, 1777", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Quenet, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to the Getty Provenance Index, Quenet purchased several hundred objects at auctions in the 1770s and 1780s, but beyond this, nothing is known about his identity.</div>"], "date": "1777-", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Jean Paul Andr\u00e9 des Rasins, Marquis de Saint-Marc [1723-1818], Paris, France, by descent to his daughter, Marie de la Roze", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1818", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Marie de la Roze", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Marie de la Roze (n\u00e9e de Saint-Marc) inherited the paintings in her father's collection, eventually putting them up for sale at H\u00f4tel Drouot in 1859.</div>"], "date": "Probably 1818 - 1859", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Sale: H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, Marquis de Saint-Marc sale, Paris, Feb. 23, 1859, no. 17)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Feb. 23, 1859", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Company, New York, NY, sold to a private collector, UK)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1955-1980", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Private noble collection, UK, sold to Danny Katz and Simon Dickinson through William Thuillier", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980 - probably 1995", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "(William Thuillier, Paris, France, sold to Danny Katz and Simon Dickinson)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "(Danny Katz and Simon Dickinson, London, the latter bought out by the former)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Katz and Dickinson purchased the painting from Thuillier; Katz then bought out Dickinson and sold the painting to Moatti and Kilgore within several days.</div>"], "date": "1995", "sortorder": 15}, {"description": "Danny Katz, London, sold to Emmanuel Moatti and Jack Kilgore", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995", "sortorder": 16}, {"description": "(Emmanuel Moatti and Jack Kilgore, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995-1996", "sortorder": 17}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996-", "sortorder": 18}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Look closely\u2014three strands of pearls appear in this painting.", "description": "The chair, brazier, table, and the setting all show Vien's interest in bringing archaeological accuracy to a new level of precision. Yet his delicate handling and graceful palette derive squarely from 18th-century French painting. The gesture of the melancholic figure, with her head on her hand, has roots going back to the Renaissance. Nonetheless, the painting has a wistful rather than tragic tone. Indeed, images of women in interiors, contemplating a letter with longing or sadness, derive from earlier Dutch paintings of daily life, here transformed into an ancient context.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3208356"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1996.1-sweet-melancholy"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Exhibited at the Salon of 1757.", "page_number": "no. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Brun, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre, Jean-Baptiste Du Barry, and Pierre Remy. <em>Catalogue de tableaux originaux des bons maitres des trois ecoles, figures et bustes de marbre et de bronze, porcelaines et autres objets curieux qui composent le cabinet de M.L.C. de D</em>. 1774.", "page_number": "pp. 37-38, no. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pierre Remy (Firm). <em>Catalogue d'une riche collection de tableaux des mai\u0302tres les plus ce\u0301lebres des trois e\u0301coles: qui composent le cabinet de feu son Altesse Se\u0301renissime Monseigneur le Prince de Conti, prince du sang, &amp; grand prieur de France</em>. Paris: Muzier pe\u0300re, Pierre Remy, 1777.", "page_number": "pp. 199-200, no. 732", "url": null}, {"citation": "H\u00f4tel Drouot, Eug\u00e8ne Escribe, and Charles Rouillard.  <em>Catalogue des 17 tableaux originaux de l\u2019\u00e9cole fran\u00e7aise et d\u2019un tableau de l\u2019\u00e9cole italienne composant la collection de feu M. le Marquis de Saint-Marc.  </em>Paris: Union des Arts, 1859.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lejeune, The\u0301odore. <em>Guide the\u0301orique et pratique de l'amateur de tableaux, e\u0301tude sur les imitateurs et les copistes ... par The\u0301odore Lejeune. </em>Paris: Vve J. Renouard (-Gide), 1863.", "page_number": "p. 275", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lejeune, The\u0301odore. Guide the\u0301orique et pratique de l'amateur de tableaux E\u0301tudes sur les imitateurs et les copistes des mai\u0302tres de toutes les e\u0301coles dont les oeuvres forment la base ordinaire des galeries. 1. 1. Paris: Renouard, 1864.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Roy, E. \"Vien et son temps,\" <em>Revue du XIX siecle</em> (October 1, 1866).", "page_number": "p.92", "url": ""}, {"citation": "La Roque, Louis de. <em>Peintres, sculpteurs et architectes</em> [montpellie\u0301rains]. 1877.", "page_number": "p. 52", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Se\u0301gur, Pierre de. <em>Le Royaume de la rue Saint-Honore\u0301, Mme Geoffrin et sa fille, par Pierre de Se\u0301gur.</em> (15 janvier 1897.). Paris: C. Le\u0301vy, 1897.", "page_number": "p. 404", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Saint-Aubin, Gabriel de, and E\u0301mile Dacier.<em> Catalogues de ventes et livrets de salons illustre\u0301s par Gabriel de Saint-Aubin</em>. Paris: Socie\u0301te\u0301 de reproduction des dessins de mai\u0302tres, 1910.", "page_number": "pp. 22, 27-8. no. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mireur, Hippolyte. <em>Dictionnaire des ventes d'art faites en France et a\u0300 l'e\u0301tranger pendant les XVIIIme &amp; XIXme sie\u0300cles</em>. Paris: Maison D'E\u0301ditions d'\u0153uvres artistiques, Ch. de Vincenti, 1911.", "page_number": "p. 369", "url": ""}, {"citation": "G. de Lastic Saint-Jal, \"La reine de la rue Sainte-Honore,\" <em>L Veil</em>, 33 (September 1957).", "page_number": "p. 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gaehtgens, Thomas W., and Jacques Lugand. <em>Joseph-Marie Vien: peintre du roi (1716-1809)</em>. Paris [France]: ARTHENA, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 26, 76, 80, 161-62, no. 141, pi, X", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Vien, Vers un Nouveau Style\" <em>Connaissance de Arts</em> no. 446 (April 1989).", "page_number": "pp. 94-95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peck, Amelia. <em>Period Rooms in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. </em>New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Acquires Major Works,\u201d March 18, 1996, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4027"}, {"citation": "<em>Cleveland Museum of Art Annual Report, 1996</em> (Cleveland: Cleveland Musuem of Art, 1997).", "page_number": "pp. 37, 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sta\u0308dtische Galerie im Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinstitut Frankfurt am Main. Mehr Licht: Europa um 1770 : Die bildende Kunst der Aufkla\u0308rung. Munich: Klinkhard &amp; Biermann, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 25-26, no. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Clair, Jean. <em>Melancholie: Genie und Wahnsinn in der Kunst ; zu Ehren von Raymond Klibansky (1905-2005), dem grossen Gelehrten und Erforscher der Geschichte der Melancholie ; Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, (10. Okober 2005 bis 16. Januar) ; Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin (17. Februar bis 7. Mai 2006)</em>. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 278, no. 6.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rochebrune, Marie-Laure de, and Catherine Gougeon.<em> El gusto \"a la griega\": nacimiento del neoclasicismo france\u0301s.</em> Madrid: Patrimonio Nacional, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 99, fig, 70", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hunter-Stiebel, Penelope, Philippe Le Leyzour, Olivier Baumont, Noe\u0301mi Rime, Vincent Lievre-Picard, Olivier Baumont, Franc\u0327ois Bazola, Destouches, and Philibert Cardonne. <em>La Volupte\u0301 Du Gou\u0302t: French Painting in the Age of Madame De Pompadour.</em> Paris: Somogy, 2008.", "page_number": "cat. no. 54, 200-201", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Roggeman, Anouchka. \"De la beaut\u00e9 au temps de la Pompadour\". <em>L'\u0153il ; Tour voir - Tout savoir - Tout l'Art!</em> no. 607, (Nov. 2008).", "page_number": "p. 100.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mazur, Aneta. <em>Pod znakiem Saturna: topika melancholii w po\u0301z\u0301nej two\u0301rczos\u0301ci Elizy Orzeszkowej</em>. Opole: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Opolskiego, 2010.", "page_number": "p. 377, nr 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "John Stephen Hallam, <em>Paris Salon Exhibitions: 1667-1880 (A History in Collage)</em>, 2012, (October 23, 2012).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://sites.google.com/a/plu.edu/paris-salon-exhibitions-1667-1880/"}, {"citation": "Beauvarlet, \u201cLa douce m\u00e9lancolie,\u201d The British Museum, accessed Nov. 11, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1435804&partId=1&searchText=beauvarlet+la+douce+melancolie&people=104168paGE=1."}, {"citation": "Matthiesen Gallery, accessed Dec. 3, 2013, http://www.matthiesengallery.com/info.asp?Id_painting=432.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.matthiesengallery.com/info.asp?Id_painting=432"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Joseph Baillio, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, Feb. 18, 2014, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bu\u0308ckling, Mareike. <em>Gefa\u0308hrliche Liebschaften Kunst und Sinnlichkeit im Rokoko</em>. Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Hirmer, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: P. 36, abb. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nolan, Dennis. <em>Keepers of the Flame: Parrish, Wyeth, Rockwell and the Narrative Tradition.</em> Stockbridge: MA, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153; Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Michel, Cecilia. \u201cPrologue: Les apories du discours th\u00e9orique: lumi\u00e8re et couleur dans la litt\u00e9rature artistique et la pratique des peintres. In <em>Lexicographie artistique: formes, usages et enjeux dans l'Europe modern, </em>11\u201325<em>. </em>Miche\u0300le-Caroline Heck, ed. Montpellier: Presses universitaires de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41; Reproduced: p. [42]", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schneider, Marlen, Aude Virey-Wallon, and Philippe Bordes. <em>Belle comme Ve\u0301nus: le portrait historie\u0301 entre Grand Sie\u0300cle et Lumie\u0300res. </em>Collection Passages, Volume 59. Paris: Maison des sciences de l'homme, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274, fig. 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ziskin, Rochelle. Private Salons and the Art World of Enlightenment Paris. <br>Leiden ; Boston : Brill,  2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 240-240, fig. 40", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1996.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "893", "filesize": "397418", "filename": "1996.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_print.jpg", "width": "2751", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5421777", "filename": "1996.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_full.tif", "width": "4450", "height": "5500", "filesize": "73457220", "filename": "1996.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "893", "filesize": "419262"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2733", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6099793"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4348", "height": "5409", "filesize": "70592764"}, "date_created": "2009-10-30T18:08:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "755", "height": "893", "filesize": "468936"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2873", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7868558"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4803", "height": "5685", "filesize": "81948028"}, "date_created": "2009-10-30T17:16:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "813", "height": "893", "filesize": "493575"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3097", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6182108"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.1/1996.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4840", "height": "5314", "filesize": "77195068"}, "date_created": "2009-10-30T15:06:56", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159309, "creators": [{"id": 1999, "description": "Joseph-Marie Vien (French, 1716\u20131809)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born and trained in Montpellier, Vien moved to Paris in 1740 where he quickly achieved success, largely with the support of Natoire and Boucher. Vien won the Grand Prix in 1743 which allowed him to study in Rome until 1750. He entered the Academy in 1754. In 1775 he became director of the French academy in Rome and served as first painter to Louis XVI for less than a year in 1789.\r\nIn the 1750s, Vien abandoned the Rococo style of Boucher and Natoire in favor of a Neoclassical mode. Besides taking up ancient or \"Greek\" subjects, his brushwork became smoother and harder, his palette increasingly cooler. Vien is considered on of the earliest Neo-classical painters and in that sense his career parallels that of Benjamin West in Britain. Vien's Neo-classicism was of supreme importance to the formation of the art of Jacques-Louis David, his pupil.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1716", "death_year": "1809", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-03-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1756, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1756", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:15:44.028000"}, {"id": 122223, "accession_number": "1942.536", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Adoration of the Magi, 1440\u201345. Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, c. 1403\u20131482). Tempera and gold on wood panel; framed: 52.5 x 59 x 7.5 cm (20 11/16 x 23 1/4 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 38.4 x 44.3 cm (15 1/8 x 17 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1942.536", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "The Adoration of the Magi", "creation_date": "1440\u201345", "creation_date_earliest": 1440, "creation_date_latest": 1445, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Siena"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 52.5 x 59 x 7.5 cm (20 11/16 x 23 1/4 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 38.4 x 44.3 cm (15 1/8 x 17 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.525, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.59, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.384, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.443, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "<i>Paths of Abstract Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229039, "title": "Da Jacopo Della Quercia a Donatello. Le Arti a Siena nel Primo Rinascimento", "description": "<i>Da Jacopo Della Quercia a Donatello. Le Arti a Siena nel Primo Rinascimento</i>. Complesso Museale Santa Maria della Scala, Siena, Italy (March 26-July 11, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-03-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007), the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008) and Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Santa Maria della Scala, Siena (3/26/2010 - 7/11/2010):  \"The Early Renaissance in Siena\", ex. cat. no. C.14, p. 214-215.", "opening_date": "2010-03-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Alice Hofman, Baltimore.  (Seligmann & Rey, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "According to the Gospel of Matthew, three Magi, guided by a star, found the newborn Christ and laid gifts before him. Artists throughout the 15th century elaborated considerably upon this biblical account, devoting particular attention to the Magi\u2019s entourage, which gave them an opportunity to depict the splendor of contemporary aristocratic life. Here, the Magi solemnly honor the divine child in the Virgin\u2019s arms, while their bustling retinue of courtiers and animals provides an exuberant visual diversion. Di Paolo was one of the leading painters in 15th-century Siena, noted both for his manuscript illuminations and painted panels supplied to the city\u2019s churches.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514760"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.536-the-adoration-of-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cAn \u2018Adoration of the Magi\u2019 by Giovanni Di Paolo.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 29, no. 10 (December 1942): 166\u2013168.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 166-168; Reproduced: p. 162", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141027"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n56"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 393", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n73"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward B. Henning<em>. Paths of Abstract Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: H.N. Abrams, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 4, p.6; mentioned: pp. 6, 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n83"}, {"citation": "De Fernandez-Gimenez, Elizabeth Ourusoff. \u201cGiovanni Di Paolo: The Life of St. Catherine of Siena.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 4 (April 1967): 103\u2013110.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 105, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152153"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n83"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 37, p. 102 - 104", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sterling, Charles. \u201cFighting Animals in the Adoration of the Magi.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 10 (December 1974): 350\u2013359.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 351-354, figs. 4-6", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152559"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 262-263, no. 98", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklo\u0301s. <em>Maestri senesi e toscani nel Lindenau-Museum di Altenburg.</em> [Siena, Italy]: Protagon, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154, 240, 242", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zappasodi, Emanuele. <em>Sorores reclusae: spazi di clausura e immagini dipinte in Umbria fra XIII e XIV secolo</em>. Firenze: Mandragor, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96, note 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heisterberg, Marion. Zwischen exemplum und opus absolutum: Studien zum Abzeichnen im italienischen Tre- und Quattrocento zwischen Mustertransfer und Kopie. 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; pp. 309-310, fig. 164", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lisby, Darnell-Jamal, William Griswold, Matteo Augello, Alessandra Arezzi Boza, Massimiliano Capella, Luke Meagher, Stefania Ricci, and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178, pl. 53", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.536", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.536/1942.536_web.jpg", "width": "1025", "height": "893", "filesize": "804783", "filename": "1942.536_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.536/1942.536_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2963", "filesize": "7313706", "filename": "1942.536_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.536/1942.536_full.tif", "width": "4130", "height": "3599", "filesize": "44627392", "filename": "1942.536_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122223, "creators": [{"id": 2181, "description": "Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, c. 1403\u20131482)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1403", "death_year": "1482", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-05-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1440, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1440\u201345", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:17:22.395000"}, {"id": 125583, "accession_number": "1947.504", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fibula (Pin), 400\u2013200 BCE. South Italy, Campania. Gold; overall: 8 cm (3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1947.504", "current_location": "102D Pre-Roman", "title": "Fibula (Pin)", "creation_date": "400\u2013200 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -400, "creation_date_latest": -200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South Italy, Campania"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 8 cm (3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.08, "length_inch": 3, "length_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301160, "title": "Jewelry Techniques Past and Present", "description": "<i>Jewelry Techniques Past and Present</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 3-April 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-02-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515880, "title": "Greek Gold: Jewelry from the Age of Alexander", "description": "<i>Greek Gold: Jewelry from the Age of Alexander</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (November 22, 1965-January 2, 1966); The Brooklyn Museum (January 20-March 9, 1966); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (March 28-May 1, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444657, "title": "Echoes from Olympus: Reflections of Divinity in Small-Scale Classical Art", "description": "<i>Echoes from Olympus: Reflections of Divinity in Small-Scale Classical Art</i>. University of California, Berkeley. University Art Museum, Berkeley, CA (organizer) (August 15-December 15, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-08-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Jewellery. </em>Portland Art Museum (November 21 - December 28, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-11-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Greek Gold: Jewelry from the Age of Alexander</em>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Nov. 18, 1965-Jan. 2, 1966); The Brooklyn Museum, New York (Jan. 19-Feb. 28, 1966); Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond (March-May 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-01-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Arnold Ruesch, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1936", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Fischer, Lucerne, Switzerland, September 1, 1936, Cat. No. 347)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(International Studio Art Corp.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936-1940", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Joseph Brummer, NY, sold to Numismatic Fine Arts)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1940-1940", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Edward Gans, New York, NY sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1940-1947", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1947-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This fibula\u2019s elaborate surface includes soldered gold wire and granulated spheres.", "description": "This extravagant fibula, likely used to fasten garments, is decorated with gold rosettes and vines. An enormous leech-shaped bow and pin form the body of the fibula. A band of rosettes adorns the center of the bow. Above the bow, a gold plaque is adorned with an eight-petaled flower and palmette filigree. A gold bead, perhaps representing a pomegranate, tops the plaque. The bead is crowned with oblong petals and sprouting leaves.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779311"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.504-fibula-pin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Galerie Fischer. Griechische, etruskische und ro\u0308mische Altertu\u0308mer: Vasen, Terrakotten, Bronzen (Ausgrabungen von Boscoreale), Silberfund, Gla\u0308ser, Waffen, pompejanische Fresken, Schmuck, Mumienportra\u0308t, Goldmu\u0308nzen; Marmorfiguren und Reliefs (Venus Anadyomene; Alexander-Schlactrelief usw.); ro\u0308mische Tische, Sarkophag und anderes antikes Kunstgewerbe. 1936.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 347", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Brummer Gallery Records. Cloisters (Museum), n.d.", "page_number": "N4861", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16028coll9/id/15793"}, {"citation": "Neugass, Fritz. \"Kostbarer Schmuck der Alexandreneschen Zeit,\" <em>Die Weltkunst </em>(January 15, 1966).", "page_number": "p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 34, no. 9 (1947).", "page_number": "p. 219", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Wunderlich, Silvia A. \"A Gold Fibula.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 35, no. 6 (1948).", "page_number": "pp. 104-106", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141469"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Art of the Goldsmith,\" <em>Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism </em>Vol. VI, No. 4 (June 1948).", "page_number": "p. 313, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wunderlich, Silvia. \"A Gold Fibula,\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>(Autumn 1948).", "page_number": "p. 370 & 373", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Gems and Geology </em>(Summer 1949).", "page_number": "Cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoffmann, Herbert, and Patricia F. Davidson. <em>Greek Gold; Jewelry from the Age of Alexander</em>. 1965.", "page_number": "p. 204, No. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. <em>Classical Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection, the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland]: The Museum, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pfrommer, Michael.<em> Untersuchungen zur Chronologie fru\u0308h- und hochhellenistischen Goldschmucks</em>. Tu\u0308bingen: E. Wasmuth, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 222, no. 1544, p. 424", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Bates, Kenneth Francis. <em>The Enamelist.</em> Middlebourne, WV: Wooden Porch Books, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 9, fig. 4", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.504", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1947.504_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_print.jpg", "width": "2389", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1947.504_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_full.tif", "width": "2775", "height": "3949", "filesize": "", "filename": "1947.504_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "799", "height": "893", "filesize": "322226"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2096", "height": "2344", "filesize": "2972926"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2096", "height": "2344", "filesize": "14774716"}, "date_created": "2008-04-17T18:20:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "778", "height": "893", "filesize": "325414"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1951", "height": "2238", "filesize": "2597480"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1951", "height": "2238", "filesize": "13138012"}, "date_created": "2008-04-17T18:36:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "646", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2442", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.504/1947.504_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2717", "height": "3783", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2008-04-17T18:01:22", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125583, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u2013200 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:29:16.570000"}, {"id": 136319, "accession_number": "1960.197", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Buddha of Infinite Life and Light (Amida Nyorai) (\u963f\u5f25\u9640\u5982\u6765\u50cf), 1269. K\u014dshun (Japanese, active mid-1200s), assisted by Koshin (Japanese, active mid-1200s), assisted by Joshun (Japanese, active mid-1200s). Cypress with lacquer, color, gold, cut gold, rock-crystal inlaid eyes, and quartz; overall: 94.6 cm (37 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1960.197", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Buddha of Infinite Life and Light (Amida Nyorai)", "title_in_original_language": "\u963f\u5f25\u9640\u5982\u6765\u50cf", "creation_date": "1269", "creation_date_earliest": 1269, "creation_date_latest": 1269, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333)"], "technique": "Cypress with lacquer, color, gold, cut gold, rock-crystal inlaid eyes, and quartz", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 94.6 cm (37 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.946, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 295705, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 15, 2017-January 2, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650) from The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Japan House Gallery, New York, NY (March 19-May 17, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Shitenno-ji Temple, Osaka, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Ikeda Publ.: Ikeda Daisendo, Kobijutsu shuho, II (Kyoto, 1931), pls. 37, 38.<br>publication date&nbsp; either 1931 or 1941</div>"], "date": "by 1931 or 1941", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Mayuyama and Company, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131960", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1960\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The lead sculptor was K\u014dshun, who had been granted the lofty title \u201cBridge of the Law.\u201d", "description": "This ornate Buddha Amida stands in a posture of welcome, greeting the dying who will accompany him back to his Pure Land. Documents inserted into the sculpture\u2019s hollow core around the time of its creation include a copy of the sacred text <em>Amida Sutra</em>, a register of donors who desired to be joined together in generating karmic merit (<em>kechien</em>) through the creation and dedication of the sculpture, and a record asserting that the image was completed over the course of 33 days in 1269 at Shitenn\u014dji Temple in Osaka.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781221"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.197-buddha-of-infinite-l"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ikeda, Sh\u014dtar\u014d \u6c60\u7530\u5e84\u592a\u90ce. <em>Ikeda Daisendo\u0304 kobijutsu shu\u0304ho\u0304 </em>\u6c60\u7530\u5927\u4ed9\u5802\u53e4\u7f8e\u8853\u96c6\u82b3. O\u0304saka: Ikeda Sho\u0304taro\u0304, 1941.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 37, 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review| 1960.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 47, no. 10, 1960, pp. 223\u2013254.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 19, p. 251; Reproduced: no. 19, p. 232", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142422"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Divine: And the Terrible.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 1 (January 1961): 5\u20139.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142429"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 275", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n299"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 275", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n299"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 371", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n391"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., Michael R. Cunningham, and Ursula Korneitchouk.<em> One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 11, p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yoshiyasu, Tanaka, Kimiko Steiner, and Michael R. Cunningham. \"The Statue of Amida Nyorai (Amitabha) Made by K\u014dshun.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 10 (1993): 378-93.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p. 379-81; Mentioned: pp. 378-393", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161434"}, {"citation": "Yoshiyasu, Tanaka, Kimiko Steiner, and Michael R. Cunningham. \u201cThe Statue of Amida Nyorai (Amitabha) Made by K\u014dshun.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 10 (December 1993): 378\u2013393.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 378\u2013393; Reproduced: pp. Cover, 379, 380, 381", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161434"}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 106\u2013107", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Reopening of the Asian Galleries at The Cleveland Museum of Art: An Interview with David Franklin.\" <em>Orientations: The Magazine for Collectors and Connoisseurs of Asian Art</em>, vol. 44, no. 8 (November/December 2013): pp. 60-63.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dobbins, James C. <em>Behold the Buddha: Religious Meanings of Japanese Buddhist Icons</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 8-9, fig. 5", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.197", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.197/1960.197_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "900", "filesize": "130407", "filename": "1960.197_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.197/1960.197_print.jpg", "width": "2200", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1344111", "filename": "1960.197_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.197/1960.197_full.tif", "width": "5126", "height": "7923", "filesize": "121874616", "filename": "1960.197_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.197/1960.197_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "900", "filesize": "134408"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.197/1960.197_alt0_print.jpg", 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"width": "532", "height": "893", "filesize": "246873"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.197/1960.197_alt10_print.jpg", "width": "2027", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3852059"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.197/1960.197_alt10_full.tif", "width": "3604", "height": "6046", "filesize": "65399840"}, "date_created": "2009-06-18T19:53:16", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136319, "creators": [{"id": 33725, "description": "K\u014dshun (Japanese, active mid-1200s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 33728, "description": "Koshin (Japanese, active mid-1200s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "assisted by", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 33731, "description": "Joshun (Japanese, active mid-1200s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "assisted by", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-11-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1269, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1269", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:57:28.508000"}, {"id": 143761, "accession_number": "1968.20", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Virgin Crowned by Angels, c. 1450. Stefan Lochner (German, 1400-c. 1452). Oil on wood; framed: 68.5 x 47.5 x 7.5 cm (26 15/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 50.5 x 29.2 cm (19 7/8 x 11 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1968.20", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "The Virgin Crowned by Angels", "creation_date": "c. 1450", "creation_date_earliest": 1445, "creation_date_latest": 1455, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Cologne"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 68.5 x 47.5 x 7.5 cm (26 15/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 50.5 x 29.2 cm (19 7/8 x 11 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.685, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.475, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.505, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.292, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309851, "title": "Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 22-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-01-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 399389, "title": "Stefan Lochner: Meister zu K\u00f6ln", "description": "<i>Stefan Lochner: Meister zu K\u00f6ln</i>. Wallraf-Richartz Museum (organizer) (December 2, 1993-March 13, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 179384, "title": "Draped in Splendor: Renaissance Textiles and the Church", "description": "<i>Draped in Splendor: Renaissance Textiles and the Church</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 7, 2003-September 26, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-09-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231494, "title": "From Van Eyck to D\u00fcrer: Artistic Exchanges between the Netherlands and Central, Eastern and Northern Europe c.1420-1530", "description": "<i>From Van Eyck to D\u00fcrer: Artistic Exchanges between the Netherlands and Central, Eastern and Northern Europe c.1420-1530</i>. Groeningemuseum, Stedelijke Musea, Brugge, Belgium (October 28, 2010-January 30, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-28T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Kuno Kocherthaler, Berlin, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Pinakos, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1968", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although they are barely visible, two angels are holding the crown above the figure of Mary.", "description": "Two angels, barely visible against a dark background, crown Mary as the Queen of Heaven. Her slight features are made more substantial by her elaborately draped, brilliant crimson mantle. Holding the Christ child, she stands on a floor scattered with red and white roses, symbols of her purity. Green palmettes enriched with costly gold thread decorate the velvet. Since silk velvet was not woven in the north, Italian velvets were frequently depicted in northern paintings during the 1400s. Lochner is thought to have come from Meersburg in southwest Germany, and is recorded as being in Cologne by 1442, where he was paid for decorations in connection with the celebration of the visit of Emperor Frederick III. He was elected town councillor by the painters\u2019 guild in 1447 and 1450. There are no records of him after 1451.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469905"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.20-the-virgin-crowned-b"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wolfgang Stechow. \"A Youthful Work by Stephan Lochner.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, Vol. 55, No. 10 (Dec., 1968)", "page_number": "pp. 307- 314", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152241"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n90"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1968.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 1 (1969).", "page_number": "cat. no. 67", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152250"}, {"citation": "Urbach, Zsusza, \"Review of Norhern Painting from Pucelle to Brueghel: Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth Centries by Charles D. Cuttler,\" <em>Acta Histoiriae Arium XVII </em>(1971).", "page_number": "p. 136, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Louise d' Argencourt, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, 1974.", "page_number": "catalog number 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 9, p. 25 - 26; colorplate VII", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n95"}, {"citation": "Martin Nagy, Rebecca. <em>Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 31, 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chapuis, Julien. <em>Stefan Lochner: Image Making in Fifteenth-Century Cologne</em>. Turnhout: Brepols, 2003.", "page_number": "Fig. 143, p. 179", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wiemann, Elsbeth, and Hans Holbein.<em> Hans Holbein d. A\u0308.: die Graue Passion in ihrer Zeit.</em> Stuttgart: Staatsgalerie, 2010.", "page_number": "p. 339, Cat. 173", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ronnberg, Ami, and Kathleen Martin. The Book of Symbols: Reflections on Archetypal Images. 2010.", "page_number": "p. 541, Fig. 804", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Julien Chapuis. <em>Van Eyck to Du\u0308rer: The Influence of Early Netherlandish Painting on European Art, 1430-1530</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2011.", "page_number": "cat. no. 173, p. 339", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prinz, Felix. <em>Gemalte Skulpturenretabel: zur Intermedialita\u0308t mitteleuropa\u0308ischer Tafelmalerei des 15. Jahrhunderts</em>.Berlin: De Gruyter, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 209 & 327; Reproduced: p. 210", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.20", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.20/1968.20_web.jpg", "width": "515", "height": "893", "filesize": "375245", "filename": "1968.20_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.20/1968.20_print.jpg", "width": "1960", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5006013", "filename": "1968.20_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.20/1968.20_full.tif", "width": "3458", "height": "6000", "filesize": "62276692", "filename": "1968.20_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143761, "creators": [{"id": 2741, "description": "Stefan Lochner (German, 1400-c. 1452)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Lochner was probably born in Meersburg on Lak Constance since both his parents died there in 1451, the year of his own (most likely premature) death in Cologne. He is first mentioned in that city as a painter in 1442 under the names Meister Steffen and Stephain Loechener. Albrecht Durer passing through Cologne on his way to the Netherlands in 1520identified the artist of the large altarpiece of the <em>Adoration of the Magi </em>as \"Maister Stephan\". This work (now in the cathedral of Cologne) marks Lochner as the major exponent of the Cologne School, revealing his affinity for the International Gothic Style developed under the influence of South German, Cologne, and above all, Netherlandish masters. There is no document attesting to an actual sojourn in the Netherlands, but his pictures offer sufficient evidence for a contact with the North.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1400", "death_year": "1452", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-01-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1445, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1450", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:22:34.858000"}, {"id": 97157, "accession_number": "1916.795", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Madonna of Humility with the Temptation of Eve, c. 1400. Olivuccio di Ciccarello (Italian, Marche, 1360/65\u20131439). Tempera and gold on wood panel; framed: 191.5 x 99 x 11 cm (75 3/8 x 39 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 181.5 x 88.6 cm (71 7/16 x 34 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Holden Collection, 1916.795", "current_location": "110A Italian Gothic", "title": "The Madonna of Humility with the Temptation of Eve", "creation_date": "c. 1400", "creation_date_earliest": 1395, "creation_date_latest": 1405, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, the Marches, late 14th-early 15th Century"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 191.5 x 99 x 11 cm (75 3/8 x 39 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 181.5 x 88.6 cm (71 7/16 x 34 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.915, "height_inch": 75, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.99, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.815, "height_inch": 71, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.886, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Boston Foreign Art Exhibit, 1883, cat. no. 399", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "The Museum of Metropolitan Art, 1912, cat. no. 12, illus.", "opening_date": "1912-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Inaugural Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art, The Cleveland Museum of Art, June 6-Sept. 20, 1916, cat. no. 16", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition, The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936, cat. no. 90, pl. XI", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Gothic Art 1360-1440; The Cleveland Museum of Art, Aug. 8- Sept. 15, 1963, cat. no. 76, illus. p. 185", "opening_date": "1963-08-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "James Jackson Jarves (1884)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Liberty E. Holden, Cleveland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The Madonna is seated humbly on the ground nursing her child. Saint George and the Archangels Gabriel and Michael kneel nearby, while Christ\u2019s disciples appear radiating from the Madonna\u2019s halo in the form of stars. In contrast with the Virgin\u2019s purity, Eve lies in the lower part of the painting. Coaxed by the serpent, she raises the forbidden fruit to her mouth, thus condemning humankind through her original sin. The juxtaposition of these two images affirms the Incarnation and the role of Christ and the Virgin in the redemption story. The deep scratches on the surface of the panel, especially on the serpent\u2019s face and Eve\u2019s wrist, likely resulted from a zealous Christian\u2019s symbolic attack on the power of evil. The artist, Olivuccio di Ciccarello, is known to have been active in the Marche in central Italy. Little is known of his life except that he was an important and prolific painter in Ancona, where he died. His paintings were formerly attributed to Carlo da Camerino, an apparently nonexistent artist, on the basis of a mistaken reading of his signature on a crucifix.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502662"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.795-the-madonna-of-humil"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rubinstein-Bloch, Stella. <em>Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings, Etc. Presented by Mrs. Liberty E. Holden to the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1917.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21-22, cat. no. 16; Reproduced: p. 55, No. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Holden_80856/page/n31"}, {"citation": "G. U. \"The Holden Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 2 (1917): 19-34.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136067"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n54"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 405", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n74"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n80"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n80"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 22, p. 59 - 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88-91; Reproduced: p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Apostolos-Cappadona, Diane. <em>Biblical Women and the Arts</em>. London ; New York: T &amp; T Clark, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6, fig. 1.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leone De Castris, Pierluigi. La pittura del Quattrocento a Napoli: 1400-1458 : da Ladislao D'Angio\u0300-Durazzo ad Alfonso D'Aragona. 2020, 96.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.795", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_web.jpg", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.795_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_print.jpg", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.795_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.795_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "463", "height": "893", "filesize": "136736"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1762", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1795318"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4080", "height": "7869", "filesize": "96350556"}, "date_created": "2013-03-11T11:14:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "467", "height": "893", "filesize": "122002"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1779", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1618088"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4112", "height": "7858", "filesize": "96958532"}, "date_created": "2013-03-11T15:24:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "463", "height": "893", "filesize": "133867"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1761", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1876712"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4070", "height": "7858", "filesize": "95968460"}, "date_created": "2013-03-11T15:23:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "348468"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2719595"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt3_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144021780"}, "date_created": "2013-03-11T17:00:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "457", "height": "893", "filesize": "414895"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1048", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2158425"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.795/1916.795_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1048", "height": "2048", "filesize": "6441436"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Holden Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Horvitz Gallery", "athena_id": 97157, "creators": [{"id": 2068, "description": "Olivuccio di Ciccarello (Italian, Marche, 1360/65\u20131439)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1360", "death_year": "1439", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-06-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1395, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1400", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:14:19.160000"}, {"id": 128355, "accession_number": "1951.316", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child, early 1530s. 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Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY (organizer) (May 17-August 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-05-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443597, "title": "Antiquity in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Antiquity in the Renaissance</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (April 6-June 6, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228462, "title": "In the Light of Apollo - Italian Renaissance and Greece", "description": "<i>In the Light of Apollo - Italian Renaissance and Greece</i>. 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Balancing the stable mass of the Virgin with the seemingly weightless, elongated child draped gracefully across her torso, the composition illustrates Sansovino\u2019s skill. After training in Florence, he relocated to Rome before eventually settling in Venice in 1527. 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Konrad Laib (German). Oil on panel; image: 98 x 61.6 cm (38 9/16 x 24 1/4 in.); framed: 111 x 75 x 7.5 cm (43 11/16 x 29 1/2 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 100.2 x 64 cm (39 7/16 x 25 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1936.18", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "Adoration of the Magi", "creation_date": "early 1440s", "creation_date_earliest": 1440, "creation_date_latest": 1445, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, born Ensingen, active Austria, 15th century"], "technique": "oil on panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 98 x 61.6 cm (38 9/16 x 24 1/4 in.); Framed: 111 x 75 x 7.5 cm (43 11/16 x 29 1/2 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 100.2 x 64 cm (39 7/16 x 25 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.98, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.616, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "framed": {"height": 1.11, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.75, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.002, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.64, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. 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Proof that he came to Salzburg at an early age is suggested by the stylistic affinity of many of his works with Salzburg painting, including this one.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513956"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1936.18-adoration-of-the-mag"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "O\u0308sterreichisches Museum fu\u0308r Kunst und Industrie.<em> Ausstellung Gotik in O\u0308sterreich, veranstaltet vom Verein der Museumgreund in Wein im O\u0308sterreichischen Museum fu\u0308r Kunst und Industrie, 15. September bis 8. November 1926. </em>[Wien]: [Krystall-Verlag], 1926.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 188", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Furlong, George J. \"Austrian Gothic Art in Vienna,\" <em>Burlington Magazine </em>XLIX (1926).", "page_number": "pp. 284-285, pl. II C", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pa\u0308cht, Otto. <em>Os\u0308terreichische Tafelmalerei der Gotik</em>. Augsburg: Dr. B. Filser, 1929.", "page_number": "p. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baldass, Ludwig. \"Der Meister des Grazer Dombildes und Seine Kunstgeschichtliche Stellung,\" <em>Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien </em>n.s. IV (1930).", "page_number": "p. 204", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stange, Alfred. <em>Deutsche Malerei der Gotik</em>. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1934.", "page_number": "p. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "cat. no. 199, pl XL", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cAn Austrian Primitive for the Holden Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 23, no. 9 (1936).", "page_number": "pp. 133, 135-8", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137796"}, {"citation": "Oettinger, Karl.<em> Altdeutsche Maler der Ostmark. </em>Wien: Anton Schroll, 1942.", "page_number": "p. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fischer, Otto, \"Konrad Laib,\" <em>Pantheon </em>XXXI (1943).", "page_number": "p. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n49"}, {"citation": "Baldass, Ludwig.<em> Conrad Laib und die beiden Rueland Frueauf.</em> Wien: A. 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Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n91"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings Before 1500</em>. Cleveland: The Museum, 1974. .", "page_number": "no. 1, p. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n97"}, {"citation": "Laib, Conrad, and Arthur Saliger. <em>Conrad Laib. </em>Wien: O\u0308sterreichische Galerie Belvedere, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ko\u0308llermann, Antje-Fee.<em> Conrad Laib: ein spa\u0308tgotischer Maler aus Schwaben in Salzburg</em>. Berlin: Deutscher Verlag fu\u0308r Kunstwissenschaft, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 113, fig. 142", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1936.18", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.18/1936.18_web.jpg", "width": "554", "height": "893", "filesize": "418500", "filename": "1936.18_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.18/1936.18_print.jpg", "width": "2111", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5637239", "filename": "1936.18_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1936.18/1936.18_full.tif", "width": "6376", "height": "10268", "filesize": "196434024", "filename": "1936.18_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115394, "creators": [{"id": 2487, "description": "Konrad Laib (German)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1936-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1440, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1440s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:02:10.673000"}, {"id": 149405, "accession_number": "1978.59", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Lekythos (Oil Vessel): Athena Slaying Giant (body); Satyr between Maenads (shoulder), c. 490 BCE. Shoulder attributed to Berlin Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 505\u2013460 BC), body attributed to Painter of Goluchow 37 (Greek, Attic, active c. 490\u2013460 BC). Ceramic; diameter: 14.1 cm (5 9/16 in.); diameter of mouth: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.); overall: 38 cm (14 15/16 in.); diameter of foot: 10 cm (3 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1978.59", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Red-Figure Lekythos (Oil Vessel): Athena Slaying Giant (body); Satyr between Maenads (shoulder)", "creation_date": "c. 490 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -495, "creation_date_latest": -485, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 14.1 cm (5 9/16 in.); Diameter of mouth: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.); Overall: 38 cm (14 15/16 in.); Diameter of foot: 10 cm (3 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.141, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.087, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "overall": {"height": 0.38, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.1, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1978</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Greek Vase Painting in Midwestern Collections</em>, Art Institute of Chicago, (22 December 1980-24 February 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-12-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (29 June-5 September 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival in Ancient Athens</em>, The Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (11 May-1 August 1993); Art Museum, Princeton University, (31 August-28 November 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-05-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "First attributed to Douris, this vase is now thought to have been painted by two anonymous painters.", "description": "The two separate areas of figural decoration on this vase have been attributed to different painters: the small satyr and maenads on the shoulder to the Berlin Painter; and the larger figures of Athena and the slain Giant Enkelados on the body to the Painter of Goluchow 37. Scholars have named these two painters, whose actual names remain unknown, after other vases they have painted, now in Berlin and Warsaw. The victory of Athena and the Olympian gods over the Giants has been interpreted as a metaphor for the Greek victory over the Persians around the time this vase was made. Thus, although Enkelados appears as a fully armed warrior, he falls in utter and complete defeat\u2014bleeding from multiple wounds, eyes rolling back, sword dropping from his hand.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757207"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.59-red-figure-lekythos"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 5168", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/686058FE-F50E-4CC4-B4B4-FBF12121EC75"}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg. C<em>orpus Vasorum Antiquorum</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "pp. 33-35, fig. 4, pls. 1816-1817, 70.2-3, 71.1-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moon, Warren G., and Louise Berge. <em>Greek Vase-Painting in Midwestern Collections.</em> Chicago: Art Institute, 1979.", "page_number": "Pl. 6, p. 186, no. 105.", "url": "http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0045%3Aentry%3D105"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6; Mentioned: p. 42, no. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae</em> (LIMC). Zu\u0308rich: Artemis, 1981.", "page_number": "Pl.  147", "url": null}, {"citation": "McNiven, Timothy John. <em>Gestures in Attic Vase Painting: Use and Meaning, 550-450 B.C. </em>1982.", "page_number": "p. 155, pl. 5d", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 15, fig. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>International Congress of Classical Archaeology.</em> Praktika tou XII Diethnous Synedriou Klasike\u0304s Archaiologias: Athe\u0304na, 4-10 Septembriou 1983. Athe\u0304na: Hypourgeio Politismou kai Episte\u0304mo\u0304n, 1985.", "page_number": "VOL.B, PL.24.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korshak, Yvonne. <em>Frontal Faces in Attic Vase Painting of the Archaic Period. </em>Chicago: Ares Publishers, 1987.", "page_number": "pp. 38-39, 144, fig. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum. <em>Greek vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum.</em> Vol. 4. Vol. 4. Malibu, Calif: The Museum, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 120, figs. 2A-B", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arafat, K. W. <em>Classical Zeus: A Study in Art and Literature</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 184, no. I.28, 205", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival in Ancient Athens</em> : [Exhibition]. Hanover, N.H.: Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 147, no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buitron-Oliver, Diana. <em>Douris: A Master-Painter of Athenian Red-Figure Vases. </em>Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 65, n. 464", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bol, Peter, and Marianne Kreikenbom. <em>Zum Verha\u0308ltnis von Raum und Zeit in der griechischen Kunst: Passavant-Symposion, 8. bis 10. Dezember 2000</em>. Mo\u0308hnesee: Bibliopolis, 2003.", "page_number": "pl. 54, fig. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "International Union of Academies.<em> Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. United States of America Fasc. </em>35 United States of America Fasc. 35. Mu\u0308nchen: Beck, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 33, pl. 70.2-3, 71.1-3, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Woodard, Roger D.<em> The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology. </em>2007.", "page_number": "fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muth, Susanne. <em>Gewalt im Bild: das Pha\u0308nomen der medialen Gewalt im Athen des 6. und 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr.</em> Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 297, fig. 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bark, Julianna M. \"Liotard, History Painting, and Mimesis,\" <em>Cantor Arts Center Journal</em> vol. 6 (2008- 2009).", "page_number": "pp. 19-26, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guy, Robert J. \"In the Shadow of the Berlin Painter.\" In <em>The Berlin Painter and His World: Athenian Vase-Painting in the Early Fifth Century B.C. </em>J. Michael Padgett,J ed., 188-211. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Art Museum; New Haven, Connecticut: Distributed by Yale University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 190-191, fig. 1-3; Mention: P. 194, 199, 203", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.59", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.59/1978.59_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "900", "filesize": "119231", "filename": "1978.59_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.59/1978.59_print.jpg", "width": "2448", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1114407", "filename": "1978.59_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.59/1978.59_full.tif", "width": "9166", "height": "12730", "filesize": "350076784", "filename": "1978.59_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.59/1978.59_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "541", "filesize": "278227"}, "print": 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "c02becb745284060be6fbc88de7bf798", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/c02becb745284060be6fbc88de7bf798", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149405, "creators": [{"id": 306250, "description": "Berlin Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 505\u2013460 BC)", "extent": "shoulder", "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": null, "biography": "Attic vase painter, active ca. 500-ca. 460 BCE", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "-540", "death_year": "-445", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}, {"id": 306248, "description": "Painter of Goluchow 37 (Greek, Attic, active c. 490\u2013460 BC)", "extent": "body", "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": null, "biography": "Attic vase painter, active ca. 500-480 BCE", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "-530", "death_year": "-450", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-11-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -495, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 490 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:32.112000"}, {"id": 101646, "accession_number": "1920.379", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "After the Bath, 1901. Mary Cassatt (American, 1844\u20131926). Pastel; sheet: 66 x 100 cm (26 x 39 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1920.379", "current_location": null, "title": "After the Bath", "creation_date": "1901", "creation_date_earliest": 1901, "creation_date_latest": 1901, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America, late 18th-19th Century"], "technique": "pastel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 19th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 66 x 100 cm (26 x 39 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.66, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.0, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360888, "title": "Sargent, Whistler and Mary Cassatt", "description": "<i>Sargent, Whistler and Mary Cassatt</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (January 14-February 25, 1954); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (March 25-May 23, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360890, "title": "Miss Mary Cassatt", "description": "<i>Miss Mary Cassatt</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (July 1-September 5, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311732, "title": "Fraternite: Artistic Relations Between France and America", "description": "<i>Fraternite: Artistic Relations Between France and America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 21-October 18, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311553, "title": "Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and Berthe Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 7, 1993-January 2, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200460, "title": "Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 20, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283693, "title": "Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>28th Annual Exhibition of American Painting and Sculpture. </em>Art Institute of Chicago (1915-16).", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>2nd Annual Exhibition of American and European Art</em>. Dallas Art Association (1921).", "opening_date": "1921-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Jeptha Homer Wade, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1901", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Jeptha Homer Wade, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1901-1920", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Mary Cassatt once commented that pastel was \"the most satisfactory medium for [portraying] children,\" since they could not sit still for long and the medium allowed for rapid sketching.", "description": "Mary Cassatt began using pastel in the 1870s and continued to experiment with the medium throughout her career. This drawing depicts a mother and child, one of the artist's preferred subjects. Cassatt typically used the technique seen here, in which she finished her sitters' faces with a high degree of detail but rendered the rest of the composition in a much looser and sketchier style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781135"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.379-after-the-bath"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "W. M. M. \"La Sortie Du Bain by Mary Cassatt.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 7, no. 10 (1920): 147-49. <strong><br></strong>", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp. 147-149", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136426"}, {"citation": "\"Art Awakening Grows in Unexpected Ways.\" <em>Cleveland Commercial</em> (May 5, 1922).", "page_number": "Mentioned: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>An Appreciation of Mary Cassatt's \"La Sortie du Bain\" in the Wade Collection</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whiting, Frederic Allen. \"The Cleveland Museum of Art: Twelve Illustrations.\" <em>Art and Archaeology</em> 16, no. 4-5 (October-November 1923): 187-94.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Arts and Decoration</em> 20, no. 4 (February 1924).", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover illustration", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Famous Pastel is Owned by Museum.\" <em>Cleveland Times</em> (February 1, 1925).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "W. M. M., T. S., R. H., and F. A. W. \"In Memoriam: Jeptha Homer Wade.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 13, no. 4 (1926): 63-91.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 65; Reproduced: p. 77", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136919"}, {"citation": "Kane, Katherine Regan. \"Mother and Child: Favorite Theme in the Art of Every Country.\" <em>American Home</em> 17, no. 1 (December 1936): 15-17, 68, 81-84.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Grace V. \"In Museum's Show of U.S. Art.\" <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer</em> (July 2, 1937).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jewell, Edward Alden and Aim\u00e9e Crane. <em>French Impressionists and their Contemporaries Represented in American Collections</em>. New York: Hyperion Press, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Breuning, Margaret. <em>Mary Cassatt</em>. New York: Hyperion Press, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hartlaub, Gustav Friedrich. <em>Impressionists in France</em>. Milan: Uffici Press, 1950.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sweet, Frederick A. <em>Sargent, Whistler, and Mary Cassatt.</em> Chicago, IL: Art Institute of Chicago, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 34, no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 546", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n101"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Sweet, Frederick A. <em>Miss Mary Cassatt, Impressionist from Pennsylvania. </em>Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 140; Reproduced: pl. VIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neilson, Winthrop and Frances Fullerton Neilson. <em>Seven Women: Great Painters</em>. Philadelphia: Chilton Book Co, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Breeskin, Adelyn Dohme. <em>Mary Cassatt: A Catalogue Raisonne of the Oils, Watercolors, and Drawings</em>. Washington, DC: Smithsonian, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 384", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bullard, E. John. <em>Mary Cassatt: Oils and Pastels</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68; Reproduced: p. 69, pl. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cullinan, Helen. \"Brotherly Love for Sisters' Work.\" <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer</em> (June 9, 1974).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henkes, Robert. <em>Eight American Women Painters</em>. New York: Gordon Press, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 234", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n254"}, {"citation": "Yaegashi, Haruki and Takeshi Kashiwat. <em>Kasatto/Cassatt</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Senshukai, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Love, Richard H. <em>Cassatt: The Independent</em>. Chicago: Milton H. Kreines, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122; Reproduced: ill. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mathews, Nancy Mowll. <em>Mary Cassatt</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 124-5; Reproduced: p. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Craze, Sophia. <em>Mary Cassatt</em>. New York: Crescent Books, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 102-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Costantino, Maria. <em>Mary Cassatt</em>. New York: Brompton, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mathews, Nancy Mowll. <em>Cassatt: A Retrospective</em>. New York: H.L. Levin Associates, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 276-77, pl. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pollock, Griselda. <em>Mary Cassatt: Painter of Modern Women</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nochlin, Linda. <em>Representing Women</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 265; Reproduced: fig. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1; Reproduced: p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pollock, Griselda. <em>Mary Cassatt</em>. London: Chaucer, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 232, no. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. <em>Monet to Dali\u0301: Impressionist and Modern Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather, \"Unparalleled Color\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 10, December 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-10/page/4"}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"The Feminine Ideal.\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> (September/October 2012): 4-6.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"The Feminine Ideal.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 5 (September/October 2012): 4-6.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-05/page/4/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Exhibitions.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 1 (January/February 2017): 4.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-01/page/n1/mode/2up"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Breeskin 384", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1920.379", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "608", "filesize": "308323", "filename": "1920.379_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2297", "filesize": "3042970", "filename": "1920.379_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_full.tif", "width": "11100", "height": "7500", "filesize": "249801976", "filename": "1920.379_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "608", "height": "900", "filesize": "310164"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2295", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3427645"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4500", "height": "6668", "filesize": "90044764"}, "date_created": "2012-02-14T15:51:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "354219"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4035907"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99887508"}, "date_created": "2012-02-14T15:50:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "342835"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3917106"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.379/1920.379_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99887100"}, "date_created": "2012-02-14T15:49:40", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 101646, "creators": [{"id": 3995, "description": "Mary Cassatt (American, 1844\u20131926)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1844", "death_year": "1926", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1920-11-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1901, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1901", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:29:41.621000"}, {"id": 131338, "accession_number": "1954.129", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fl\u00fcelen, from the Lake of Lucerne, 1845. Joseph Mallord William Turner (British, 1775\u20131851). Watercolor with gouache and scratch-away; sheet: 29.2 x 47.9 cm (11 1/2 x 18 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1954.129", "current_location": null, "title": "Fl\u00fcelen, from the Lake of Lucerne", "creation_date": "1845", "creation_date_earliest": 1840, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "watercolor with gouache and scratch-away", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 29.2 x 47.9 cm (11 1/2 x 18 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.292, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.479, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "MFA Boston label on verso: \"Special Loan Exh. Turner, Constable and Bonington, lent by Wedgewood\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361411, "title": "Turner in America: Oils, Water Colors, Drawings, and Some Engraved Works of Joseph Mallord William Turner", "description": "<i>Turner in America: Oils, Water Colors, Drawings, and Some Engraved Works of Joseph Mallord William Turner</i>. Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, IN (organizer) (November 12, 1955-December 25, 1995); Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH (January 1-31, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-11-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361412, "title": "Joseph Mallord William Turner: Watercolors and Drawings", "description": "<i>Joseph Mallord William Turner: Watercolors and Drawings</i>. Otto Gerson Gallery, New York, NY (organizer) (November 9-December 10, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302281, "title": "Landscape", "description": "<i>Landscape</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 9-April 22, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302279, "title": "Water Color", "description": "<i>Water Color</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 6-August 27, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361413, "title": "Ruskin and His Circle", "description": "<i>Ruskin and His Circle</i>. Arts Council of Great Britain (organizer) (January 17-February 15, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361392, "title": "Romantic Art in Britain: Paintings and Drawings 1760-1860", "description": "<i>Romantic Art in Britain: Paintings and Drawings 1760-1860</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts (organizer) (January 9-February 11, 1968); Philadelphia Museum of Art (March 14-April 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302662, "title": "Turner Watercolors from The British Museum", "description": "<i>Turner Watercolors from The British Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 27-November 27, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-09-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310295, "title": "The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art", "description": "<i>The Birth and Flowering of British Romantic Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 1-July 22, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311485, "title": "Victorian Landscape Watercolors", "description": "<i>Victorian Landscape Watercolors</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 18, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-09-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "<i>British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 453007, "title": "Julie Mehretu: Portals", "description": "<i>Julie Mehretu: Portals</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 13, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Pictures and Drawings by J.M.W. Turner, R.A. </em>London Art Gallery (1899).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>An Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, and Prints by J.M.W. Turner, John Constable, and R.P. Bonington</em>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (March 21 - April 28, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-03-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>An Exhibition of Paintings by J.M.W. Turner (1775-1851) to Commemorate the Centennial of His Death.</em> Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto; National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (October - December, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-10-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Hugh A. J. Munro of Novar?", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->\"Windus\" is inscribed on the verso of the sample study, and while B. G. Windus may have commissioned the work, Munro of Novar was apparently the first owner; for the most recent and exact commentary, see London 1995, 152-4.</div>"], "date": "?-before 1850", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Rev. C. Upham Barry, Ryde, Isle of Wight, by descent to his daughter", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by c. 1850-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "His daughter, wife of Colonel P. G. Hewitt, Ryde, Isle of Wight", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1884", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(her sale Christie's, London, March 25, 1884, no. 139)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1884", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Ralph Brocklebank Sr., Haughton Hall, Tarporley", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1884-?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Ralph Brocklebank Jr., Haughton Hall,. Tarporley", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1922", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(his sale, Christie's, London, July 7, 1922, no. 34)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1922", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew and Sons, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1922-?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers [1867-1943], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1943", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(her sale, Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, November 18, 1943, no. 41)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Walter F. Wedgwood, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1943-?", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(Durlacher Brothers, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The art critic John Ruskin described the series of watercolors to which this work belongs as \"sunset drawings,\" referring to to the fact that they were made at the end of Turner's career rather than their subject matter.", "description": "In this watercolor, created late in his life, J.M.W. Turner depicted the small Swiss town of Fl\u00fcelen and its shimmering reflection out of violet-colored mist. The work belongs to a group of highly finished works that the artist created during several summer trips to Switzerland between 1841 and 1845. The swirling vortex of light underscores the grandeur of nature, while the inclusion of figures going about their daily lives within the vastness of the Alps is a reminder of the reality of the scene. At the time he painted this view, Turner was considered the great master of Romantic landscape painting in England.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781248"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.129-fluelen-from-the-lak"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Temple, A. G.<em> Catalogue of the Loan Collection of Pictures and Drawings by J.M.W. Turner, and of a Selection of Pictures by Some of His Contemporaries. </em>Exh. Cat. London: East &amp; Blades, 1899.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 19-20, 112, no. 150", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044033979956"}, {"citation": "Wedmore, Frederick, ed. <em>Turner and Ruskin: An Exposition of the Work of Turner from the Writings of Ruskin</em>. London: G. Allen, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentinoed: vol. 2, p. xi; Reproduced: opposite p. 294", "url": null}, {"citation": "Armstrong, Sir Walter. <em>Turner</em>. London: T. Agnew, 1902.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 264", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/gri.ark:/13960/t8ff72v44"}, {"citation": "Carter, R. Radcliffe. <em>Pictures and Engravings at Haughton Hall Tarporley in the Possession of Ralph Brocklebank</em>. London: George Allen, 1904.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. xi, xv, 87, no. 77; Reproduced: no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Constable, W. G., and Henry Preston Rossiter. <em>An Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings and Prints by J.M.W. Turner, John Constable and R.P. Bonington</em>. Exh. Cat. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21, no. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>An Exhibition of Paintings by J.M.W. Turner (1775-1851) to Commemorate the Centennial of His Death.</em> Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Toronto, National Gallery of Canada, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, October - December 1953.\" <em>Art Quarterly </em>7 (Summer 1954).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"A Water Color by J.M.W. Turner in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Art Quarterly</em> 17 (Winter 1954): 427-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 427-9; Reproduced: p. 429", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. \"A Water Color by J. M. W. Turner.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 41, no. 9 (1954): 201-3.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 201-3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141990"}, {"citation": "<em>Turner in America: Oils, Water Colors, Drawings, and Some Engraved Works of Joseph Mallord William Turner</em>, <em>English, 1775-1851.</em> Exh. Cat. Indianapolis: Art Association of Indianapolis, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 477", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n87"}, {"citation": "<em>Great Master Drawings of Seven Centuries</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Wittenborn, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 91-92, no. 84; Reproduced: pl. LIX", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Joseph Mallord William Turner, Watercolors and Drawings. </em>Exh. Cat. New York: Otto Gerson Gallery, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Ruskin and His Circle.</em> Exh. Cat. London: London Arts Council, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 31, no. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n207"}, {"citation": "Hawes, Louis. \"Turner in New York.\" <em>Burlington Magazine </em>108, no. 759 (1966): 311-16.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 312", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/874986"}, {"citation": "Cummings, Frederick J., and Allen Staley.<em> Romantic Art in Britain; Paintings and Drawings, 1760-1860</em>. Exh. Cat. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, 26, 196-8, no. 121; Reproduced: no. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n207"}, {"citation": "Cormack, Malcolm. <em>J.M.W. Turner, R.A., 1775-1851</em>. Exh. Cat. Cambridge: Fitzwilliam, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70, under no. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilton, Andrew. <em>Turner in the British Museum: Drawings and Watercolours</em>. Exh. Cat. London: British Museum, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 157, under no. 287", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilton, Andrew. <em>Turner in Switzerland</em>. Zu\u0308rich: De Clivo, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139, no. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n228"}, {"citation": "Wilton, Andrew. <em>J.M.W. Turner: His Art and Life</em>. New York: Secaucus, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 244, 478, under no. 1483, 486, no. 1549; Reproduced: fig. 1549", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Visions of Landscape East and West.\" <em>Asia</em> 4, no. 5 (January/February 1982): 24-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ditner, David C. \"Claude and the Ideal Landscape Tradition in Great Britain.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 4 (1983): 147-63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 159-60, 163 n. 48; Reproduced: fig. 9", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159812"}, {"citation": "Wilton, Andrew. <em>Turner in His Time</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 213", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilcox, Scott, and Christopher Newall.<em> Victorian Landscape Watercolors. </em>Exh. Cat. New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 72-3, no. 8; Reproduced: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>J.M.W. Turner, 1775-1851: Watercolours and Drawings from the Turner Bequest</em>. Exh. Cat. Charleroi: Palais des Beaux-Arts, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 242, under no. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Warrell, Ian. <em>Through Switzerland with Turner</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Tate Gallery, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79, under no. 38, p. 150, 154; Reproduced: fig. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 8, 192-3, 294-5; Reproduced: p. 193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 162", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Imhof, Michael, and J. M. W. Turner. William Turner: Leben und Werk. Petersberg : Michael Imhof Verlag, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 232", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.129", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.129/1954.129_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "772", "filesize": "169517", "filename": "1954.129_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.129/1954.129_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2079", "filesize": "1266382", "filename": "1954.129_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.129/1954.129_full.tif", "width": "6376", "height": "3900", "filesize": "74623620", "filename": "1954.129_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131338, "creators": [{"id": 1280, "description": "Joseph Mallord William Turner (British, 1775\u20131851)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Joseph Mallord William Turner, the supreme landscape painter of the romantic era, had the exceptional good fortune to be the son of a Covent Garden barber and wigmaker who thoroughly supported his aspirations to paint pictures. As an adolescent, Turner colored engravings for the print sellers and apprenticed with architectural draftsman Thomas Malton (1726-1801). Although he entered the Royal Academy Schools in 1789, Turner's substantive artistic training came from his numerous self-conducted topographical drawing tours of the British Isles in the early 1790s and from his camaraderie with Thomas Girtin (1775-1802), with whom he copied the masterworks of landscape watercolorist John Robert Cozens (1752-1799) in the collection of Dr. Thomas Monro (1759-1833). Turner submitted his first oil painting, a seascape, for exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1796 and was elected an associate member three years later, at the earliest permissible age. Devoted to the academy's lofty mission, as it had been articulated by the recently deceased Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) in his annual lectures to the students of the academy, Turner would relish his election as a full academician in 1802 and would serve as professor of perspective from 1807 until 1837. His masterpieces of the early decades (and there seems an endless succession of works with title to that distinction) were either homages to past masters of landscape painting or entirely personal interpretations of the most extraordinary range of naturalistic effects and subjects. Whether it was The Fifth Plague of Egypt (1800, Indianapolis Museum of Art) and its amalgam of allusions to Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665) and Richard Wilson (1714-1782), The Dort Packet-Boat from Rotterdam Becalmed (1818, Yale Center for British Art, New Haven), with its overt tribute to Aelbert Cuyp (1620-1691), or The Fall of an Avalanche in the Grisons (1810, Tate Gallery, London), with its unprecedented invention of horrific naturalistic detail that challenged conventional notions of the sublime in art, the net effect of Turner's achievement was to elevate landscape painting to a status within the traditional hierarchy of genres that it had rarely enjoyed since the seventeenth century. Unlike Constable (q.v.), Turner was an indefatigable traveler abroad. His first visit to Switzerland in 1802 resulted in a spectacular series of exhibition watercolors that boldly established watercolor painting as a vital medium of original expression. A tour of Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Rhine in 1817 was followed by his first protracted stay in Italy in 1819. After 1820 summer excursions to France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and especially Venice were almost annual occurrences. Gradually, and primarily after the 1819 Italian sojourn, Turner's palette lightened. Traditional notions of chiaroscuro, of alternating bands of light and dark earth colors, yielded to compositions orchestrated in brighter hues, in which the various colors move across the painted surface almost at will, little respecting the forms they describe but in perfect balance.\r\nDuring the 1820s and early 1830s Turner committed vast amounts of his creative capital to the production of literary and travel illustrations. These kept an entire generation of engravers employed for several decades. Despite the tendency of his era to stigmatize reproductive engraving as an inferior instrument of artistic presentation, Turner was preoccupied with its processes and potential, acutely aware that, long after his pigments had faded, his reputation would be secure in the more durable brilliance of the engraver's deftly crafted reproductions. A second trip to Italy in 1828 may partially account for the heightened coloring of Ulysses Deriding Polyphemus (1828, National Gallery, London), which John Ruskin described as a pivotal picture in Turner's career. But there was very little falling off in either technical or thematic invention during the last decades of Turner's life. In major oils like Snow Storm-Steam Boat Off a Harbor's Mouth (1842, Tate Gallery, London) and Rain, Steam and Speed (1844, National Gallery, London) and no less measure in the series of elaborately finished Swiss watercolors executed on commission at the end of his life, natural forms occupy an uncertain place between concrete reality and total dissolution by light into the colors and images of what Monet (q.v.) admiringly called the \"exuberant romanticism of Turner's fancy.\" Perspective can be intentionally distorted and the color schemes can approach the brazenly artificial, yet somehow the fundamental truth of Turner's vision, his faith in the supreme forces of nature and in the artist's preeminence as the mediator of that experience, continues to persuade.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1775", "death_year": "1851", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-02-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1840, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1845", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Fl\u00fcelen - Lake of Lucerne", "Fluelen, from the Lake", "Fluelen, Lake of Lucerne", "Lake of Lucerne: Fluelen from the Bay of Uri"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:46:44.125000"}, {"id": 154817, "accession_number": "1989.399", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Rodin - The Thinker, 1902. Edward Steichen (American, 1879\u20131973). Gelatin silver print; image: 36.2 x 43.8 cm (14 1/4 x 17 1/4 in.); paper: 36.5 x 44 cm (14 3/8 x 17 5/16 in.); matted: 55.9 x 66 cm (22 x 26 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Mann, 1989.399", "current_location": null, "title": "Rodin - The Thinker", "creation_date": "1902", "creation_date_earliest": 1902, "creation_date_latest": 1902, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Gelatin silver print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "PH - American 1900-1950", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 36.2 x 43.8 cm (14 1/4 x 17 1/4 in.); Paper: 36.5 x 44 cm (14 3/8 x 17 5/16 in.); Matted: 55.9 x 66 cm (22 x 26 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.362, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.438, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "paper": {"height": 0.365, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.44, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "matted": {"height": 0.559, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.66, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written in negative on recto: \"STEICHEN / CXCII\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310333, "title": "The Year in Review for 1989", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1989</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 6-April 15, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311875, "title": "Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 24, 1996-February 2, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-11-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 185439, "title": "Artists Photographing Artists", "description": "<i>Artists Photographing Artists</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 2001-February 27, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194095, "title": "Icons of American Photography: A Century of Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Icons of American Photography: A Century of Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24-September 16, 2007); Frick Art and Historical Center, Pittsburgh, PA (October 3, 2009-January 3, 2010).", "opening_date": "2007-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202729, "title": "Shadows and Dreams: Pictorialist Photography in America", "description": "<i>Shadows and Dreams: Pictorialist Photography in America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 5, 2015-January 17, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-09-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 317308, "title": "Beyond Truth: Photography after the Shutter", "description": "<i>Beyond Truth: Photography after the Shutter</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-02-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This image was created from two different negatives printed together.", "description": "When Steichen arrived in Paris in 1900, August Rodin (1840\u20131917) was regarded not only as the finest living sculptor but also as one of the greatest artists of the time. Steichen visited Rodin's studio in 1901, and the sculptor, upon seeing the young photographer's work, agreed to sit for a portrait. Steichen spent a year studying Rodin among his creations, finally choosing to depict the artist in front of the newly carved white marble<em> Monument to Victor Hugo</em>, facing a bronze of <em>The Thinker</em>. Stiechen did not have a wide-angle lens when he photographed Rodin, and the sculptures and blocks of marble filled the artist's studio to capacity, so two separate shots were required. Posed in relief against his work, Rodin seems to contemplate <em>The Thinker </em>as his alter ego, while the luminous carved figure of the great French author Victor Hugo (1802\u20131885) suggests poetic inspiration as the source of the sculptor's creativity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780891"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "E. H. T. \"The Year in Review: Selections 1989.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 2 (1990): 38-78.", "page_number": "p. 69, no. 59", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25160106"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 329", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 307", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.399", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Mann", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154817, "creators": [{"id": 941, "description": "Edward Steichen (American, 1879\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Edward Steichen American, b. Luxembourg, 1879-1973\r\n\r\nHis long and illustrious career places Edward Steichen among the major figures of 20th-century photography. Born Eduard Jean Steichen in Luxembourg, Steichen moved with his family to the United States in 1881, was naturalized a citizen in 1900, and changed the spelling of his first name in 1918. Educated in Wisconsin, he showed an early interest in art. He studied at the Milwaukee Art Students League and was an apprentice lithographer; later he studied painting at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian in Paris.\r\n\tSteichen took his first photograph in 1896. Early recognition came in the Second Philadelphia Salon of 1899, and he was encouraged by Clarence H. White. Shortly thereafter, while on his way to Europe, he met Alfred Stieglitz, who bought three of his prints. In 1900 he participated in the New School of American Photography exhibition in London. Steichen's first one-person show, which included paintings as well as photographs, was held in Paris in 1902. He helped to found the Photo-Secession and played an important role in the life and design of its galleries, programs, and publications, including the decision to exhibit international works in a variety of media.\r\n\tSteichen was the commander of aerial photography for the American Expeditionary Forces during the First World War. After the war, he became chief photographer for Vogue and Vanity Fair, and a well-known portraitist. During World War II he was in charge of all navy combat photography and was also responsible for the exhibitions Road to Victory (1942) and Power in the Pacific (1945) at the Museum of Modern Art, New York. These, along with his 1955 show, The Family of Man, established a new, more popular form of photographic exhibition. In 1947 he was made director of the museum's department of photography, a position he held until 1962.\r\n\tIn 1961 the Museum of Modern Art mounted a retrospective of Steichen's work. The following year he received the Medal of Freedom from President John F. Kennedy. His photographs have been represented in many exhibitions and publications, including the book Steichen the Photographer, with a text by his brother-in-law, Carl Sandburg. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1879", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-01-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1902, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1902", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:31.253000"}, {"id": 146722, "accession_number": "1972.167", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lion Aquamanile, 1200\u20131250. Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim, Gothic period, first half 13th century. Bronze: cast, chased, and punched; overall: 26.4 x 29 x 15 cm (10 3/8 x 11 7/16 x 5 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Chester D. Tripp in honor of Chester D. Tripp, 1972.167", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Lion Aquamanile", "creation_date": "1200\u20131250", "creation_date_earliest": 1200, "creation_date_latest": 1250, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim, Gothic period, first half 13th century"], "technique": "bronze: cast, chased, and punched", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 26.4 x 29 x 15 cm (10 3/8 x 11 7/16 x 5 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.264, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.29, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.15, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Age of Bronze</em>, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 7-October 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-07-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Josephus Jitta, Heiloo, The Netherlands", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919-1966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hermann Schwartz, Ginsterweg, Germany, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-1972", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The handle of this vessel is in the shape of a dragon with a long curving tail.", "description": "An aquamanile is a water vessel used for washing hands both at church altars and at the dinner tables of upper-class patrons. They often took the form of fantastic beasts such as dragons and unicorns or animals such as horses, birds, dogs, and lions, like this one.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757175"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.167-lion-aquamanile"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "May, Helmut. <em>Weltkunst aus Privatbesitz</em>. Ko\u0308ln: Gesamtherstellung: Druckerei J.P. Bachem, 1968.", "page_number": "cat. no. D24, abb. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Swarzenski, Hanns, Peter Bloch, Tilmann Buddensieg, Alfred Hentzen, and Theodor Mu\u0308ller. <em>Intuition und Kunstwissenschaft: Festschrift fu\u0308r Hanns Swarzenski zum 70</em>. Geburtstag am 30. August 1973. 1973.", "page_number": "pp. 253-260", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D., Donald F. Gibbons, and Katherine C. Ruhl. \"A Lion Aquamanile.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>61, no. 8 (1974)", "page_number": "pp. 260-269", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152542"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n77"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20; Mentioned: p. 21, p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Winter, Patrick M. \"The Sacral Treasure of the Guelphs.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 1 (1985)", "page_number": "pp. 113-114, no. 83, pl. XXI.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159893"}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 136, repr. p. 137, no. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 147, cat. no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hovaguimian, Vroni. <em>Images and Words</em>. North Charleston, SC: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126-129; Reproduced: p. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>The Art of Handwashing. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art The Thinker Blog on Medium. April 10, 2020.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/the-art-of-handwashing-515bf9ea5343"}, {"citation": "Mende, Ursula, Michael Brandt, Claudia Ho\u0308hl, and Lothar Lambacher. Gusswerke: Beitra\u0308ge zur Bronzekunst des Mittelalters, Regensburg : Schnell + Steiner, 2020, 408", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 408", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.167", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "811", "filesize": "198634", "filename": "1972.167_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3065", "filesize": "1912339", "filename": "1972.167_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_full.tif", "width": "7857", "height": "7084", "filesize": "167002856", "filename": "1972.167_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "815", "filesize": "196635"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3079", "filesize": "1845789"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7857", "height": "7115", "filesize": "167733660"}, "date_created": "2021-01-07T14:33:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "813", "filesize": "195514"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3072", "filesize": "1734531"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7857", "height": "7098", "filesize": "167333064"}, "date_created": "2021-01-07T14:53:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "813", "filesize": "167608"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3070", "filesize": "1409942"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt2_full.tif", "width": "7857", "height": "7094", "filesize": "167237776"}, "date_created": "2021-01-07T15:02:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "651", "filesize": "176448"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2460", "filesize": "1481065"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt3_full.tif", "width": "7857", "height": "5684", "filesize": "134002872"}, "date_created": "2021-01-07T15:29:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "606", "filesize": "162176"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2290", "filesize": "1313198"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt4_full.tif", "width": "7857", "height": "5292", "filesize": "124762952"}, "date_created": "2021-01-07T15:37:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "815", "filesize": "195827"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3077", "filesize": "1784212"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt5_full.tif", "width": "7857", "height": "7111", "filesize": "167639476"}, "date_created": "2021-01-06T20:24:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "813", "filesize": "166038"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3072", "filesize": "1359195"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt6_full.tif", "width": "7857", "height": "7098", "filesize": "167332116"}, "date_created": "2021-01-06T21:14:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "967", "height": "893", "filesize": "372093"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3139", "filesize": "947284"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.167/1972.167_alt7_full.tif", "width": "4023", "height": "3714", "filesize": "44854596"}, "date_created": "2005-11-04T20:12:22", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Chester D. Tripp in honor of Chester D. Tripp", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146722, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1200\u20131250", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:31:02.709000"}, {"id": 145277, "accession_number": "1970.52", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Forest, 1916. Jean Arp (French, 1887\u20131966). Painted wood; overall: 41.3 x 53 x 8.3 cm (16 1/4 x 20 7/8 x 3 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1970.52. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "Forest", "creation_date": "1916", "creation_date_earliest": 1916, "creation_date_latest": 1916, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "painted wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Sculpture 1800-1960", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41.3 x 53 x 8.3 cm (16 1/4 x 20 7/8 x 3 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.413, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.53, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.083, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177176, "title": "Dada", "description": "<i>Dada</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (February 19-May 14, 2006); The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (June 16-September 11, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-02-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 174884, "title": "Inventing Abstraction, 1912-1925", "description": "<i>Inventing Abstraction, 1912-1925</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (December 23, 2012-April 15, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-12-23T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Roland Penrose Collection, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Paul \u00c9luard Collection, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Making this relief sculpture out of wood and titling it \"Forest\" may have been a pun created by the artist.", "description": "This relief sculpture, or sculpture with three dimensional elements projecting from a flat base, may have been inspired by branches, roots, and foliage Jean Arp observed on walks along the shores of Lake Zurich in Zurich, Switzerland, a neutral and safe city where Arp and other modern artists lived during World War I. The yellow shape at the top may allude to the sun or moon. This and another painted wood sculptural relief by Arp, also titled <em>Forest</em>, at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, are considered the first modernist landscape sculptures, radical in their simplicity and inventiveness at the time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781037"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n266"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>The Spirit of Surrealism</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16, no. 6A, Colorplate VII; Mentioned: p. 15-16, 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cA Painting by Joan Mir\u00f3.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 6 (September 1979): 235\u2013240.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 236-237, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159634"}, {"citation": "Carmean, E. A. and National Gallery of Art (U.S.). <em>Arp, the Dada Reliefs : [Exhibition] National Gallery of Art, July 3-October 30 1983.</em> [Washington, D.C.]: [The Gallery], 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 126, no. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dickerman, Leah. <em>Dada: Zurich, Berlin, Hannover, Cologne, New York, Paris. </em>Washington [D.C.]: National Gallery of Art in association with D.A.P./ Distributed Art Publishers, New York, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38; Reproduced: p. 67, no. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dickerman, Leah, Matthew Affron, and Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.). <em>Inventing Abstraction, 1910-1925 : How a Radical Idea Changed Modern Art.</em> New York: Museum of Modern Art: Distributed in the United States and Canada by Artbook/D.A.P., 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 285, no. 340; Mentioned: p. 274-276", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spies, Christian. \"Sculpture and/or Object: Hans Arp Between Minimal and Pop.\" In <em>Hans Arp and Other Masters of 20th Century Sculpture</em>. Elisa Tamaschke, Jana Teuscher, and Loretta Wurtenberger, eds., 142-159. Berlin: Stiftung Hans Arp &amp; Sophie Taeuber-Arp e.V., 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 142-143, fig. 2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.52", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145277, "creators": [{"id": 18928, "description": "Jean Arp (French, 1887\u20131966)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1887", "death_year": "1966", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1916, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1916", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:36.064000"}, {"id": 117774, "accession_number": "1938.392", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dancers in a Pavilion, 1720s. Jean-Baptiste Pater (French, 1695\u20131736). Oil on canvas; framed: 79.5 x 70 x 10.5 cm (31 5/16 x 27 9/16 x 4 1/8 in.); unframed: 55.3 x 47 cm (21 3/4 x 18 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Commodore Louis D. Beaumont, 1938.392", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Dancers in a Pavilion", "creation_date": "1720s", "creation_date_earliest": 1720, "creation_date_latest": 1729, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 79.5 x 70 x 10.5 cm (31 5/16 x 27 9/16 x 4 1/8 in.); Unframed: 55.3 x 47 cm (21 3/4 x 18 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.795, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.7, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.105, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.553, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.47, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355594, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Masterpieces in Miniature", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Masterpieces in Miniature</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 3-August 29, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-06-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300842, "title": "The Dance in Art", "description": "<i>The Dance in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 20-August 17, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-05-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361348, "title": "Mozart and the Age of Reason", "description": "<i>Mozart and the Age of Reason</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 15-February 29, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518973, "title": "Masterpieces of Art", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Art</i>. Century 21 Exposition, Seattle, WA (organizer) (April 21-September 4, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310235, "title": "Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection", "description": "<i>Lutes, Lovers, and Lyres: Musical Imagery in the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 11, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Ausstellung von Gem\u00e4lden \u00e4lterer Miester im Berliner Privatbesitz</em>, Ko\u0308nigl Akademie der Ku\u0308nste, Berlin, Germany (1883).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>French XVIII-Century Art</em>, Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts, (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Three French Reigns, Louis XIV, XV, and XVI</em>, 25 Park Lane, London, England (February 21-April 5, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art</em>, New York World's Fair, New York, NY, (May 11-October 28, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-05-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Painting, 1100-1900</em>, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (October 18-December 2, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>18th Century French Painting</em>, Minneapolis Institute of Art, (October 5-November 5, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Great French Paintings-An Exhibition in Memory of Chauncey McCormick</em>, Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (January 20-February 20, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Age of Elegance, The Rococo and Its Effect</em>, Baltimore Museum of Art, (April 25-June 14, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art</em>, Fine Arts Pavilion, Seattle World's Fair, (April 21-September 4, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-04-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frederick the Great (1712-1786), Palace Sans-Souci, Potsdam, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "probably by 1773", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "German Imperial Family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1926", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Joseph Duveen (1869-1939), London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1931", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Commodore and Mrs. Louis Dudley Beaumont, (1857-1942), Cap d'Antibes, France, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1938", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Pater was the sole student of the early 18th-century artist Antoine Watteau (1684\u20131721). Upon Watteau's death, Pater finished some of his teacher's compositions and copied them for reproduction. Due to this association, Pater was in the position to capitalize on the popularity of the <em>f\u00eate galante</em> genre invented by Watteau. This genre was based on the f\u00eates held by the aristocracy to escape the tedium of life at the French court, and depict the same amusements: conversation, music, dance, and the pursuit of love. <em>Dancers in a Pavilion</em> is a pastiche of several works by Watteau. The couple in this painting is most likely performing the minuet, which was considered the most flirtatious of dances.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514201"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.392-dancers-in-a-pavilio"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Oesterreich, Matthieu.<em> De\u0301scription de tout l'inte\u0301rieur des deux palais de Sans-Souci, de ceux de Potsdam, et de Charlottenbourg.</em> 1773.", "page_number": "p. 107, no. 543", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ad. Braun &amp; Cie. <em>Ausstellung von Gema\u0308lden a\u0308lterer Meister im Berliner Privat</em>-Besitz ... in der Ko\u0308nigl. Akademie der Ku\u0308nste in Berlin ... 1883. [Dornach i. Els.]: [A. Braun &amp; Cie], 1883.", "page_number": "cat. no. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seidel, Paul. <em>Franzo\u0308sische kunstwerke des XVIII jahrhunderts im besitze seiner majesta\u0308t des deutschen kaisers und ko\u0308nigs von Preussen.</em> 1900.", "page_number": "p. 144, no. 153", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Staley, Edgcumbe. <em>Watteau and His School</em>. London: G. Bell and Sons, 1902.", "page_number": "p. 136", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seidel, Paul, Wilhelm Bode, and Max J. <em>Friedla\u0308nder. Gema\u0308lde alter meister: im besitze Seiner Majesta\u0308t des deutschen Kaisers und ko\u0308nigs von Preussen</em>. Berlin: R. Bong, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 138", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seidel, Paul. <em>Friedrich der Grosse und die franzo\u0308sische Malerei seiner Zeit. </em>Berlin &amp; Leipzig, 1912.", "page_number": "p. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foerster, C. F. <em>Das Neue Palais bei Potsdam.</em> Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1923.", "page_number": "p. 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ingersoll-Smouse, Florence. <em>Pater</em>. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1928.", "page_number": "p. 55, no. 241", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dimier, Louis.<em> Les peintres franc\u0327ais du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle</em>, histoire des vies et catalogue des \u0153uvres. Paris: Les E\u0301ditions G. van Oest, 1928.", "page_number": "I, 40, no. 111", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold, Ludwig Burchard, and Alfred Scharf.<em> Unknown Masterpieces in Public and Private Collection</em>s. New York: E. Weyhe, 1930.", "page_number": "I, 77", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gilman, Margaret E.<em> Fogg Art Museum, Notes</em>. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1931.", "page_number": "310, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maurois, Andre\u0301. <em>Three French Reigns: Louis XIV, XV and XVI</em>. [London]: [publisher not identified], 1933.", "page_number": "cat. no 101", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201c\u2018La Danse Dans Un Pavillon\u2019 by Jean Antoine Watteau: Gift of Commodore Louis D. Beaumont.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 26, no. 2 (1939).", "page_number": "pp. 16-17, illus. p. 14 and cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137985"}, {"citation": "New York World's Fair, Walter Pach, and Christopher Lazare.<em> Catalogue of European &amp; American Paintings, 1500-1900; </em>Introduction and Descriptions by Walter Pach, Biographies and Notes Compiled by Christopher Lazare, with the Assistance of Anne A. Wallis, Marion Haviland and Simonetta De Vries. Masterpieces of Art, New York World's Fair, May to October, 1940. [New York]: Art Aid Corporation, 1940.", "page_number": "p. 145, cat. no. 211", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Duveen Brothers. <em>Duveen Pictures in Public Collections of America: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 with Three Hundred Illustrations of Paintings by the Great Masters, Which Have Passed Through the House of Duveen</em>. New York: William Bradford Press, 1941.", "page_number": "no. 239", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Reproduced\" p. 95; Mentioned: p. 106", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n37"}, {"citation": "Carnegie Institute. <em>French Painting, 1100-1900.</em> 1951.", "page_number": "cat. no. 77", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Art Institute of Chicago. <em>Great French Paintings: An Exhibition in Memory of Chauncey McCormick </em>; January 20th Through February 20th. 1955.", "page_number": "cat. no. 39, pl. 39", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 484", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n89"}, {"citation": "Baltimore Museum of Art. <em>Age of Elegance: The Rococo and Its Effect.</em> Baltimore. Mus. Of Art. Catalogues. 1947-1967. 1959.", "page_number": "p. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Century 21 Exposition, and William Mathewson Milliken. <em>Masterpieces of Art: Fine Arts Pavilion,</em> April 21 to September 4, 1962 : Catalogue : Seattle World's Fair, April 21 to October 21, 1962. [Seattle, Wash.]: Century 21 Expositions, 1962.", "page_number": "cat. no. 34, repr. p. 83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael, \"The Cleveland Museum of Art: The Figurative Arts of the West ca. 1400-1800,\" <em>Apollo</em> LXVIII (December 1963).", "page_number": "p. 457", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n156"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n157"}, {"citation": "Ferre\u0301, Jean, Raoul Brie\u0301, Georges Mathieu, Michel Watteau, and Ismael Torrecilla. <em>Watteau</em>. 1972.", "page_number": "II, pl. 512, and III, 1073, no. p62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n196"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108; Mentioned: p. 109-110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vogtherr, Christoph Martin, Jens Bartoll, Ursula Baumer, Johann Koller, and Irene Fiedler.<em> Franzo\u0308sische Gema\u0308lde</em>. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2011.", "page_number": "pp. 656-657, Kat# A5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schwarzer, Marjorie. Riches, Rivals, and Radicals: A History of Museums in the United States. 2020.", "page_number": "Referenced and mentioned; p. 21", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.392", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.392/1938.392_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "494617", "filename": "1938.392_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.392/1938.392_print.jpg", "width": "2830", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7057323", "filename": "1938.392_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.392/1938.392_full.tif", "width": "4511", "height": "5419", "filesize": "73369768", "filename": "1938.392_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Commodore Louis D. Beaumont", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117774, "creators": [{"id": 1927, "description": "Jean-Baptiste Pater (French, 1695\u20131736)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1695", "death_year": "1736", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1720, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1720s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Minuet in a Pavilion"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:06:01.516000"}, {"id": 151356, "accession_number": "1983.198", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Alexandre Dumas p\u00e8re (1802\u20131870), 1855. Nadar (French, 1820\u20131910). Salted paper print from wet collodion negative; image: 23.8 x 17.8 cm (9 3/8 x 7 in.); matted: 45.7 x 35.6 cm (18 x 14 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1983.198", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "Alexandre Dumas p\u00e8re (1802\u20131870)", "creation_date": "1855", "creation_date_earliest": 1855, "creation_date_latest": 1855, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "salted paper print from wet collodion negative", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "PH - French 19th Century", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 23.8 x 17.8 cm (9 3/8 x 7 in.); Matted: 45.7 x 35.6 cm (18 x 14 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.238, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.178, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "matted": {"height": 0.457, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.356, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written in brown ink on verso: \"Dumas p\u00e8re.\";  in pencil on verso [faded or erased] \"Nadar (5)\"; \"Dumas-5 [?]\"; [and another mark, unclear]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1983</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311875, "title": "Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 24, 1996-February 2, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-11-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 188432, "title": "19th-Century French Portrait Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>19th-Century French Portrait Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 27-August 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 178867, "title": "Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 26-June 16, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197576, "title": "France at the Dawn of Photography", "description": "<i>France at the Dawn of Photography</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 24, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 286506, "title": "Cheating Death: Portrait Photography\u2019s First Half Century", "description": "<i>Cheating Death: Portrait Photography\u2019s First Half Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 22, 2016-February 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, July 20 - Oct. 10, 1999: \"Nadar Warhol: Paris-New York: Photography and Fame,\" exhibition catalogue p. 57, repr. p. 56. (Also exhibited at The Andy Warhol Museum, Nov. 6, 1999 - Jan. 30, 2000 and the Baltimore Museum of Art, March 12 - May 28, 2000.)", "opening_date": "1999-07-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Nadar was an alias for Gaspard-F\u00e9lix Tournachon, a prominent and well-connected photographer, caricaturist, and writer who photographed many of the cultural and political celebrities of the age.", "description": "Celebrities he photographed included his friend, the wildly successful  French novelist and playwright Alexandre Dumas, the author of <em>The Count of Monte Cristo</em> and <em>The Three Musketeers</em>. In 1874, Nadar loaned his studio to a group of artists so they could mount the first exhibition of Impressionist painting, which included works by Berthe Morisot.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780776"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.198-alexandre-dumas-pere"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Tom E. Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography. </em>[Cleveland, OH]: The Museum, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 18-19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Year in Review for 1983.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 2 (1984): 38-79.", "page_number": "p. 71, no. 99 repr. p. 71.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159848"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.198", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.198/1983.198_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "893", "filesize": "292745", "filename": "1983.198_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.198/1983.198_print.jpg", "width": "2535", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4646190", "filename": "1983.198_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.198/1983.198_full.tif", "width": "4101", "height": "5500", "filesize": "67696664", "filename": "1983.198_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 151356, "creators": [{"id": 721, "description": "Nadar (French, 1820\u20131910)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Nadar (Gaspard-F\u00e9lix Tournachon) French, 1820-1910\r\n\r\nBorn Gaspard-F\u00e9lix Tournachon in Paris, Nadar is probably the best known French photographer. His portraits of celebrities and public figures help define our impression of France in the second half of the 19th century; his panache in conducting his business helped popularize photography.\r\n\tEducated at the Coll\u00e8ge Bourber, Paris (1833-36), Nadar moved to Lyon, where he studied medicine (1837-38) before continuing his studies at the H\u00f4tel Dieu and the Bic\u00eatre in Paris. He wrote satires and essays and drew caricatures (his pseudonym derived from his barbed wit aimed against the establishment) for a number of Paris publications, eventually founding several of his own, and was a highly visible figure in the city's cultural and artistic life. Learning photographic technique from Adophe Bertsch and Camille d'Arnaud, Nadar founded a studio in 1854. Twenty years later his son Paul, also a photographer, became director of the business and by 1886 headed the firm. He also worked for a time with his brother, Adrien, who sometimes called himself Nadar jeune, a practice which later prompted Nadar to file a lawsuit.\r\n\tNadar's exploits with aerial balloon photography were of both photographic and historic importance. Below ground, he used artificial light to make surveys of the catacombs and sewers of Paris, novel and highly popular curiosities. With his son Paul as photographer, he is credited with the first photo-interview, conducted with the scientist and color theorist Michel-Eug\u00e8ne Chevreul on his 100th birthday in 1886. Because of the importance of his work and the notoriety of his sitters, among them Franz Liszt, George Sand, Sarah Bernhardt, and Honor\u00e9 Balzac, Nadar will long occupy a key place in the development of photography. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1820", "death_year": "1910", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1855, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1855", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:49:03.974000"}, {"id": 134923, "accession_number": "1957.48", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Basin (\u5b98\u7aaf\u5713\u6d17), 1127\u20131279. China, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279). Porcelaneous stoneware, Guan ware; diameter: 24.2 cm (9 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1957.48", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Basin", "title_in_original_language": "\u5b98\u7aaf\u5713\u6d17", "creation_date": "1127\u20131279", "creation_date_earliest": 1127, "creation_date_latest": 1279, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)"], "technique": "porcelaneous stoneware, Guan ware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Song Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 24.2 cm (9 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.242, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 221814, "title": "Song Porcelain", "description": "<i>Song Porcelain</i>. Tobu Museum of Art, Tokyo, Japan (March 6-April 13, 1999); Museum of Oriental Ceramics Osaka, Japan (April 25-June 13, 1999); Hagi Uragami Museum, Yamaguchi (June 20-August 15, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Men-Chu Wang, Seller's no. 36", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The base shows that the basin was fired on 17 small spurs arranged in two concentric circles.", "description": "Guan ware was the official ware fired at the Southern Song imperial kilns in Hangzhou. Multiple glazing is characteristic of this ware. The total thickness of the glaze can be greater than the clay body that supports it. Here, the thick gray-green glaze is webbed with a wide network of dark brown crackles as well as finer webs of light golden-brown and colorless crackles. The crackle pattern was developed after firing, due to the different rates of expansion and contraction of the body and the glaze. It was consciously exploited to achieve an aesthetic effect and was stained at different stages during the cooling process.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778058"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.48-basin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 849", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n149"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"Early Byzantine Silver.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 45, no. 3 (1958): 35\u201394.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 78", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142265"}, {"citation": "Mayuyama, Junkichi \u7e6d\u5c71\u9806\u5409. <em>Chinese Ceramics in the West: Compendium of Chinese Ceramic Masterpieces in European and American Collection </em>[\u6b27\u7c73\u8490\u8535\u4e2d\u56fd\u9676\u78c1\u56f3\u9304]. Tokyo: Mayuyama &amp; Co, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n281"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 257", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n281"}, {"citation": "Gakuji Hasebe \u9577\u8c37\u90e8\u697d\u723e, ed. <em>T\u014dji </em>[\u9676\u78c1= Ceramics]. Vol. 5 in <em>Chu\u0304goku bijutsu</em> [\u4e2d\u570b\u7f8e\u8853 = Chinese art in western collections]. Suzuki, Kei \u9234\u6728\u656c, ed. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ko\u0304dansha, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Vol. 5, color pl. 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hasebe, Gakuji \u9577\u8c37\u90e8\u697d\u723e, et al. <em>So\u0304</em> [\u5b8b = Sung dynasty]. Tokyo: Sho\u0304gakkan, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 78", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 339", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n359"}, {"citation": "Kleinhenz, Henry J. \"Porcelains for Imperial Use: The Sung Dynasty.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 4 (1978): 135\u2013150h.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 17, a", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159578"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hasebe, Gakuji \u9577\u8c37\u90e8\u697d\u723e. <em>So\u0304ji: shinpin to yobareta yakimono </em>[\u5b8b\u78c1: \u795e\u54c1\u3068\u3088\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3084\u304d\u3082\u306e = Song ceramics]. Japan: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 96, cat. no. 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"A Connoisseur's Eye, A Scholar's Mind: The Legacy of Sherman Lee.\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 40, no. 5 (2009).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 32, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 92\u201393", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 185, no. 68", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.48", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "855", "filesize": "461864", "filename": "1957.48_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2302", "filesize": "3056208", "filename": "1957.48_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_full.tif", "width": "5369", "height": "3635", "filesize": "58577924", "filename": "1957.48_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "653", "filesize": "412528"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1757", "filesize": "3131066"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5434", "height": "2808", "filesize": "45813668"}, "date_created": "2008-11-25T14:57:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "984", "height": "893", "filesize": "499113"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3086", "filesize": "4995709"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3833", "height": "3479", "filesize": "40035260"}, "date_created": "2005-08-05T19:54:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "680698"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2267", "filesize": "4213391"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "4096", "filesize": "75526720"}, "date_created": "2005-08-05T20:12:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "902", "height": "893", "filesize": "489029"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3367", "filesize": "5288075"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3401", "height": "3368", "filesize": "34394792"}, "date_created": "2005-08-05T20:02:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "891", "height": "893", "filesize": "524727"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3392", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5714501"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.48/1957.48_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3759", "height": "3768", "filesize": "42514036"}, "date_created": "2005-07-28T15:50:21", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134923, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1127, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1127\u20131279", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Deep washer basin: Kuan ware", "Guan ware, Hangzhou type, glazed stoneware", "Hangchou type washer basin:  Kuan ware", "Washer Basin"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:53:46.521000"}, {"id": 151948, "accession_number": "1984.24", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rue de la Ferronnerie, c. 1865. Charles Marville (French, 1813\u20131879). Albumen print from wet collodion negative; image: 28 x 27 cm (11 x 10 5/8 in.); matted: 61 x 50.8 cm (24 x 20 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1984.24", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "Rue de la Ferronnerie", "creation_date": "c. 1865", "creation_date_earliest": 1860, "creation_date_latest": 1870, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "albumen print from wet collodion negative", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "Photography", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 28 x 27 cm (11 x 10 5/8 in.); Matted: 61 x 50.8 cm (24 x 20 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.28, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.27, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "matted": {"height": 0.61, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.508, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written in pencil: \"Rue de la Ferronnerie de la rue de la Reyonie\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309849, "title": "Year in Review for 1984", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1984</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 3-May 5, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 189766, "title": "Industry and Photography: Selections from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Industry and Photography: Selections from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1997-March 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 178867, "title": "Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 26-June 16, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197576, "title": "France at the Dawn of Photography", "description": "<i>France at the Dawn of Photography</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 24, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, April 3 - May 5, 1985: \"Year in Review 1984,\" CMA Bulletin, 72 (April 1985) p. 202, no. 58.", "opening_date": "1985-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, July 21 - October 18, 1987: \"Fraternite: Artistic Relations between France and America,\" Gallery A, no exhibtion catalogue.", "opening_date": "1987-07-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; 11/16/97 - 3/1/98.  \"Industry and Photography:  Selections from the Permanent Collection.\"", "opening_date": "1997-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 26 - June 16, 2005 . \"Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art\".", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (10/04/2009 - 01/24/2010); \"France at the Dawn of Photography\"", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Charles Marville preferred photographing on overcast, rainy days when diffused light and glistening cobblestones yielded an image with the maximum tonal range and detail.", "description": "In 1865, the ground floor spaces on the Rue de la Ferronnerie <em>or </em> \u201cstreet of ironwork\u201d (named in 1229) were occupied by businesses including a caf\u00e9, a hotel, and a men\u2019s clothing store. Apartments on the upper floors housed some of the many people who moved from the country into the city during the Second Empire.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741237"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1984.24-rue-de-la-ferronneri"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 231", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1984.24", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.24/1984.24_web.jpg", "width": "864", "height": "893", "filesize": "524893", "filename": "1984.24_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.24/1984.24_print.jpg", "width": "3290", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6455877", "filename": "1984.24_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1984.24/1984.24_full.tif", "width": "4725", "height": "4883", "filesize": "69250184", "filename": "1984.24_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 151948, "creators": [{"id": 635, "description": "Charles Marville (French, 1813\u20131879)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "At the invitation of the city of Paris, photographer Charles Marville was among the first to document the ancient quarters of his birthplace. His views, taken in the late 1850s, were intended to record the many buildings and neighborhoods ultimately destroyed by Baron Georges-Eug\u00e8ne Haussmann's urban planning project that would create the boulevards and open spaces of modern Paris. While Marville's survey of the city, extensive and thorough in scope, prefigured other important efforts of its kind, it is distinguished by its emotional accessibility. His work beautifully reveals a Paris that has long disappeared. Originally trained as a painter and illustrator, Marville worked with both calotype and glass plate negatives. He photographed in France, Italy, Germany, and Algeria, becoming most well known for his architectural imagery but also producing acclaimed landscapes and studies of trees. Many of Marville's early views, often considered his best, were included in the albums of Louis-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Blanquart-\u00c9vrard before the printer's establishment in Lille closed in 1855. Named official photographer of Paris in 1862, Marville also served as photographer to the Imperial Museum of the Louvre and to King Vittorio Emmanuelle of Italy. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1813", "death_year": "1879", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1984-03-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1860, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1865", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:50:36.382000"}, {"id": 114971, "accession_number": "1935.145", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Two-Handled Cup and Cover, 1686. England, London, 17th century (James II). Silver gilt; overall: 23.9 x 32.4 cm (9 7/16 x 12 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Inspired by the great benefits accomplished for humanity by Dr. Geroge W. Crile, I give this James II cup to the Cleveland Museum of Art in his honor, gift of Grace Studebaker Fish, 1935.145", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Two-Handled Cup and Cover", "creation_date": "1686", "creation_date_earliest": 1686, "creation_date_latest": 1686, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, London, 17th century (James II)"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 23.9 x 32.4 cm (9 7/16 x 12 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.239, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.324, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312370, "title": "Chinoiserie in Textiles and Engravings, 18th-19th Centuries", "description": "<i>Chinoiserie in Textiles and Engravings, 18th-19th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 28-April 7, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 701687, "title": "Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton", "description": "<i>Exhibition of French, English, and American Silver in Honor of Russell A. Plimpton</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (June 10-July 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515973, "title": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West", "description": "<i>Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (June 10-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Grace Anna Studebaker Fish [Mrs. Frederick S. Fish, 1862-1946], New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1935", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1935-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The two female figures lift a crown on the front of this cup that closely resembles Saint Edward\u2019s Crown, the heraldic emblem of the United Kingdom.", "description": "Produced a year after the coronation of James II (1633\u20131701), this silver cup celebrates the monarchy and reflects the political and social alliances that underpinned the aristocracy during the 1600s. During their coronation, James II and his second wife Mary of Modena (1658\u20131718) were carried through the city of London under a silk canopy adorned with motifs inspired by European perceptions of Chinese art, known as chinoiserie. Following the procession, the thirty-two lords involved in the ceremony were each offered a portion of the cloth from the canopy as well as sixteen troy ounces of silver from the posts. At least two of them commissioned cups adorned with chinoiserie to be made from the silver. While it is unclear if this cup once belonged to one of the thirty-two peers, it was almost certainly created in response to the same motifs and social developments.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781113"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.145-two-handled-cup-and"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Two-Handled Silver-Filt Cup a Gift of Frace Studebaker Fish.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>22, no. 9 (November 1935): 139-141.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138; Mentioned: p. 140-141", "url": "jstor.org/stable/25137722"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. 271.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n56"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n152"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n152"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n190"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.145", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "754", "filesize": "199238", "filename": "1935.145_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2848", "filesize": "1393104", "filename": "1935.145_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_full.tif", "width": "9953", "height": "8337", "filesize": "248960540", "filename": "1935.145_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "114893"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "1083704"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4118", "filesize": "67971304"}, "date_created": "2008-05-05T16:45:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "113649"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "1084404"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4118", "filesize": "67971288"}, "date_created": "2008-05-05T17:00:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "674", "filesize": "144180"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "1321762"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145/1935.145_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4118", "filesize": "67972324"}, "date_created": "2008-05-05T17:16:38", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Inspired by the great benefits accomplished for humanity by Dr. Geroge W. Crile, I give this James II cup to the Cleveland Museum of Art in his honor, gift of Grace Studebaker Fish", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114971, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1686, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1686", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:19.830000"}, {"id": 153611, "accession_number": "1987.141", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Cliffs Beyond Abiqui\u00fa, Dry Waterfall, 1943. Georgia O'Keeffe (American, 1887\u20131986). Oil on canvas; framed: 79.5 x 44 x 5.1 cm (31 5/16 x 17 5/16 x 2 in.); unframed: 76.2 x 40.6 cm (30 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Georgia O'Keeffe, 1987.141. \u00a9  Georgia O'Keeffe Museum / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "Cliffs Beyond Abiqui\u00fa, Dry Waterfall", "creation_date": "1943", "creation_date_earliest": 1943, "creation_date_latest": 1943, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 79.5 x 44 x 5.1 cm (31 5/16 x 17 5/16 x 2 in.); Unframed: 76.2 x 40.6 cm (30 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.795, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.44, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.051, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.762, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.406, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Georgia O'Keeffe Museum / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Stretcher: \"No. 3\" (unidentified hand, graphite)\r\nBacking:  \r\n1.  \"Cliffs beyond Abiquiu -- New Mexico -- / 1943 / by Georgia O'Keeffe.\" (AS, AAP3, black ink)\r\n2.  \"No. 14\"  Cliffs Beyond Abiquiu -- Dry Waterfall (AAP5)\r\n3.  \"-- 1943\"  (AAP5, black ink)\r\n4.  \"Box 43 on 6\" (DB, black ink)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310024, "title": "The Georgia O'Keeffe Gift", "description": "<i>The Georgia O'Keeffe Gift</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 4-November 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1987</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310243, "title": "The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art", "description": "<i>The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 24-April 9, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 321961, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: American and Modern", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: American and Modern</i>. Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (April 8-June 22, 1993); Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico (August 1-October 24, 1993); Yokohama Museum of Art (November 28, 1993-February 20, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 215247, "title": "O'Keeffe's O'Keeffes: The Artist's Collection", "description": "<i>O'Keeffe's O'Keeffes: The Artist's Collection</i>. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (May 4-August 19, 2001); Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, Santa Fe, NM (September 14, 2001-January 13, 2002); Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Humbelbaek, Denmark (February 8-May 20, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-05-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223960, "title": "O'Keeffe and New Mexico:  A Sense of Place", "description": "<i>O'Keeffe and New Mexico:  A Sense of Place</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 5, 2004-January 16, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229103, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: Nature and Abstraction", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: Nature and Abstraction</i>. Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (organizer) (October 6, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 376208, "title": "O'Keeffe and Moore", "description": "<i>O'Keeffe and Moore</i>. San Diego Museum of Art, San Diego, CA (organizer) (May 12-August 27, 2023) https://www.sdmart.org/exhibition/okeeffe-and-moore/; The Albuquerque Museum, Albuquerque, NM (August 30-December 31, 2023); Montr\u00e9al Museum of Fine Arts, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (February 5-June 9, 2024); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (October 12, 2024-January 20, 2025).", "opening_date": "2023-05-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Pittsburgh International Exhibition of Paintings. </em>The Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh (October 19-December 21, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>An Exhibition by Georgia O'Keeffe. </em>Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (October 4-December 4, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Newly Elected Members and Recipients of Honors and Awards</em>. American Academy of Arts and Letters, New York (1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe: An Exhibition of the Work of the Artist from 1916 to 1966. </em>Amon Carter Museum of Western Art, Fort Worth (March 17-May 8, 1966); Houston Museum of Art, Houston (May 17-June 19, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe. </em>University of New Mexico Art Museum, Albuquerque (September 8-October 13, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe. </em>Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (October 8-November 29, 1970); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago (January 6-February 7, 1971); San Francisco Museum of Art, San Francisco (March 15-April 30, 1971).", "opening_date": "1970-10-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe: Nature and Abstraction. </em>Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver (October 6, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe. </em>Tate Modern, London (July 6-October 30, 2016); Bank Austria Kunstforum Wien (December 7, 2016-March 26, 2017); Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto (April 22-July 30, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-07-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Collection of the artist, Santa Fe, New Mexico", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943-1986", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "O\u2019Keeffe preferred certain frame styles, including this example nicknamed \u201cclamshell\u201d due to its shape.", "description": "Weary from social duties in Manhattan that distracted her from making art, O\u2019Keeffe spent increasing time in rural New Mexico near the village of Abiqui\u00fa, eventually moving there permanently. As evidenced here, the multicolored cliffs near her home at Ghost Ranch provided subject matter for her painting. Upon her death, the artist bequeathed this canvas\u2014along with four others\u2014to the Cleveland Museum of Art, an early supporter of her work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475949"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "O'Keeffe, Georgia. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: A Studio Book</em>. New York: Viking Press, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "O'Keeffe, Georgia, John Loengard, and Lothar Schirmer. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe/John Loengard: Paintings &amp; Photographs: a Visit to Abiquiu and Ghost Ranch</em>. M\u00fcnchen: Schirmer Mosel, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Georgia O'Keefe, Last Will and Testament, Aug. 22, 1979, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Feldman, Anita, et al. <em>O'Keeffe and Moore.</em> (San Diego: San Diego Museum of Art, 2023).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 48; reproduced p. 59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "O\u2019Keeffe, Georgia, Tate Modern (Gallery), Kunstforum Wien, and Art Gallery of Ontario. <em>Georgia O\u2019Keeffe.</em> Edited by Tanya Barson. New York: Abrams, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced, p. 110.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Laurence, Robin, \"O'Keeffe Captures Life Force,\" <em>The Georgia Strait, </em>October 11-18, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 60.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weisman, Celia. \"O'Keeffe's Art: Sacred Symbols and Spiritual Quest.\" <em>Women's Art Journal </em>3 no. 2 (Fall 1982/Winter 1983).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11-12", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Art Museum Gets O'Keeffe Paintings.\" <em>The Cleveland Plain Dealer</em>, April 22, 1986.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Culllinan, Helen. \"Georgia On Our Minds; O'Keeffe Legacy: 5 Glowing New Oils at Museum.\" <em>The Cleveland Plain Dealer, </em>September 5, 1987.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"The Year in Review for 1987.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>75, no. 2 (1988).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67; Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wellish, Marjorie. \"House Beautiful.\" In <em>The Faraway Nearby: Georgia O'Keeffe as Icon, </em>edited by Christopher Merrill and Ellen Bradbury, 127-133. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. co., 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Merrill, Christopher, Ellen Bradbury, James Kraft, Anna Chave, Lisa Mintz Messinger, MaLin Wilson-Powell, Sharyn Rohlfsen Udall, Jennifer Saville, and Barbara Buhler Lynes. <em>From the Faraway Nearby: Georgia O'Keeffe As Icon</em>. 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25; Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eldredge, Charles. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: American and Modern</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benke, Brittae. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe 1887-1986: Blumen in der W\u00fcste</em>. K\u00f6ln: Benedikt Taschen, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Novak, Barbara. \"Georgia O'Keeffe and American Intellectual and Visual Traditions.\" In <em>The Georgia O'Keeffe Museum</em>, edited by Peter H. Hassrick. New York: Harry N. Abrams in association with the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79; Reproduced: p. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynes, Barbara Buhler. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9</em>, 2 vols. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 666", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czestochowski, Joseph S., and Marjorie P. Balge-Crozier. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe Visions of the Sublime</em>. Memphis: Torch Press and International Arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Corn, Wanda M., and Patricia McDonnell. <em>The Great American Thing: Modern Art and National Identity, 1915-1935</em>. Tacoma, WA: Tacoma Art Museum, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 423; Reproduced: p. 249", "url": null}, {"citation": "Souter, Janet, and Georgia O'Keeffe. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. New York: Parkstone, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 149; Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 142; Reproduced: p. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leeds, Valerie Ann, and Diana M. Vela. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe and the Faraway: Nature and Image</em>. Fort Worth, TX: National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25; Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynes, Barbara Buhler, and Judy Lopez. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe and Her Houses: Ghost Ranch and Abiquiu</em>. New York: Abrams, in association with the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pollock, Griselda. \"Seeing O'Keeffee Seeing.\" In <em>Georgia O'Keeffe, </em>edited by Tanya Barsonr, 102-137. London: Tate Gallery Publishing Ltd., 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eldredge, Charles C. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: American and Modern</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynes, Barbara Buhler, and Russell Bowman. <em>O'Keeffe's O'Keeffes: The Artist's Collection</em>. New York, NY: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynes, Barbara Buhler, Lesley Poling-Kempes, and Frederick W. Turner. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe and New Mexico: A Sense of Place</em>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.141", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Georgia O'Keeffe", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153611, "creators": [{"id": 3228, "description": "Georgia O'Keeffe (American, 1887\u20131986)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1887", "death_year": "1986", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-08-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1943, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1943", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-02 14:17:42.588000"}, {"id": 126219, "accession_number": "1948.440", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Salome with the Head of St. John the Baptist, c. 1517. Albrecht Altdorfer (German, c. 1480\u20131538). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash and white gouache; framing lines in pen and black ink; sheet: 19.1 x 12.6 cm (7 1/2 x 4 15/16 in.); secondary support: 20 x 13 cm (7 7/8 x 5 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1948.440", "current_location": null, "title": "Salome with the Head of St. John the Baptist", "creation_date": "c. 1517", "creation_date_earliest": 1512, "creation_date_latest": 1522, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash and white gouache; framing lines in pen and black ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper prepared with dark brown ground, laid down on cream(3) laid paper; window  mount of cream(3) laid paper mounted to recto", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - German", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 19.1 x 12.6 cm (7 1/2 x 4 15/16 in.); Secondary Support: 20 x 13 cm (7 7/8 x 5 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.191, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.126, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.2, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.13, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower right, in brown ink: 17; on paper mounted to recto, lower right, in brown ink: 40; verso of secondary support, center, in graphite: Liechtenstein\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361361, "title": "Original Prints and Drawings by Masters of Berlin Museum Paintings", "description": "<i>Original Prints and Drawings by Masters of Berlin Museum Paintings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-March 27, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300830, "title": "German Drawings", "description": "<i>German Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 11-December 18, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-11-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361381, "title": "Prints and Drawings of the Danube School", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings of the Danube School</i>. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (organizer) (October 9-November 16, 1969); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (December 11, 1969-January 25, 1970); Saint Louis Art Museum (February 10-March 24, 1970).", "opening_date": "1969-10-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311458, "title": "Albrecht D\u00fcrer and His Influence", "description": "<i>Albrecht D\u00fcrer and His Influence</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 16-March 10, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-01-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311557, "title": "The German Tradition", "description": "<i>The German Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-June 27, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Princes of Liechtenstein, Vienna (no stamp; according to inscription on secondary support).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1948", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "with F. A. Drey, London.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1948", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist colored the paper on this drawing a dark brown in order to emphasize the highlights and shadows created with inks.", "description": "Salome's story is described in the biblical Gospels of Mark and Matthew. After dancing for King Herod of Galilee, her new stepfather, she was granted any wish she desired. Influenced by her mother, Herodias, she asked that John the Baptist--who was then imprisoned for condemning Herod and Herodias' marriage--be executed. Here, Salome enacts the most gruesome part of the story, presenting the prophet's head on a platter. In the Renaissance, the story was believed to presage the sacrifice of Christ on the cross and the presentation of the Eucharist during Catholic liturgy. Altdorfer's drawing emphasizes Salome's pride--a dangerous sin--through her elaborate garments, billowing, plumed headdress, and flowing long hair. He articulated these details using black ink highlighted with white gouache on paper darkened with brown wash and a finely pointed pen.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79905474"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.440-salome-with-the-head"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Henry S. Francis. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/June, 1950</em>. No. 6/pt 1. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978: 115-118.", "page_number": "p. 117-118.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"A Painting and Drawing by Albrecht Altdorfer.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>37, no. 6 (June 1950): 115-118.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117; Reproduced: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141638"}, {"citation": "Winzinger, Franz, and Albrecht Altdorfer. Albrecht Altdorfer Zeichnungen. Mu\u0308nchen: R. Piper &amp; Co, 1952.", "page_number": "no. 64, pp. 82-83.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 581", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n109"}, {"citation": "Oettinger, Karl. Altdorfer-Studien. [On Albrecht and Erhard Altdorfer. With Reproductions]. Nurnberg: Verlag Hans Carl, 1959.", "page_number": "p. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oettinger, Karl, \"Ein Altdorfer-Schuler: Der Zeichner der Pariser Landsknechte,\" in Mo\u0308hle, Hans. Festschrift Friedrich Winkler. Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1959: pp. 201-212.", "page_number": "pp. 210-212", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moskowitz, Ira, and Victoria Thorson. Great Drawings of All Time. New York: Shorewood Publishers, 1962.", "page_number": "no. 423", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stange, Alfred. Malerei der Donauschule. Mu\u0308nchen: Bruckmann, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n136"}, {"citation": "Pfeiffer, Wolfgang, \"Die Zeichnungen Michael Osterndorfers am Kirchenmodell der Schonen Maria zu Regensburg,\" Pantheon. XXIV (1966): pp. 378-387.", "page_number": "p. 384,", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n136"}, {"citation": "Talbot, Charles W., and Alan Shestack.<em> Prints and Drawings of the Danube School; An Exhibition of South German and Austrian Graphic Art of 1500 to 1560</em>. New Haven: Printed by the Carl Purington Rollins Printing-Office of the Yale University Press, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 37, pp. 44-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n151"}, {"citation": "Meder, Joseph, and Winslow Ames. The Mastery of Drawing. 2 vols. New York, N.Y.: Abaris Books, 1978.", "page_number": "I, pp. 128, 435, II, p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Miller, Michael. Drawing, a Glossary of Materials: Selections from the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Merkel, Kerstin. Salome: Ikonographie im Wandel. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1990.", "page_number": "pp. 194, 307, 451", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 72.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weingrod, Carmi, \"Using Pen and Ink: Learning from Old Master Drawings, Part II, Ink Washes, Chiaroscuro, and Heightening with White,\" American Artist 57 (Feb. 1993): pp. 10-15.", "page_number": "p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grieder, Terence. Artist and Audience. Madison, WI : Brown &amp; Benchmark, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 61, p. 7, pp. 152-153; p. 292", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldner, George R. Review of \"Master Drawings from The Cleveland Museum of Art,\" exh cat. by Diane De Grazia and Carter E. Foster, <em>Master Drawings</em> 40/2 (Summer 2002): 174-176.", "page_number": "p. 176.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L., et al. Sixteenth-Century Northern European Drawings. London, England: Harvey Miller, 2012.", "page_number": "no. 78, pp. 126-128.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. 1967.", "page_number": "pl 134.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.440", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.440/1948.440_web.jpg", "width": "571", "height": "900", "filesize": "221118", "filename": "1948.440_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.440/1948.440_print.jpg", "width": "2156", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2890917", "filename": "1948.440_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.440/1948.440_full.tif", "width": "9618", "height": "15170", "filesize": "437746220", "filename": "1948.440_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.440/1948.440_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "576", "height": "893", "filesize": "490503"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.440/1948.440_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1320", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2655980"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.440/1948.440_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1320", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8112996"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 126219, "creators": [{"id": 11620, "description": "Albrecht Altdorfer (German, c. 1480\u20131538)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1480", "death_year": "1538", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1512, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1517", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:31:41.356000"}, {"id": 124078, "accession_number": "1944.80", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pond at Ville-d'Avray, late 1860s. Jean Baptiste Camille Corot (French, 1796\u20131875). Oil on fabric; framed: 87 x 127 x 11 cm (34 1/4 x 50 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 58.1 x 99.4 cm (22 7/8 x 39 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.80", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "Pond at Ville-d'Avray", "creation_date": "late 1860s", "creation_date_earliest": 1865, "creation_date_latest": 1869, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 87 x 127 x 11 cm (34 1/4 x 50 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 58.1 x 99.4 cm (22 7/8 x 39 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.87, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.27, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.581, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.994, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in black paint lower right corner: corot\r\n\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "<i>Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-April 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302281, "title": "Landscape", "description": "<i>Landscape</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 9-April 22, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (July 3, 1917-November 21, 1919).", "opening_date": "1917-07-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Art since Eighteen Hundred</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Corot 1796-1875</em>. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "After 1919 Mrs. Francis F. Prentiss [1865-1944] Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1919-1944", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "M. Goupil. J. Quincy Shaw, Boston, MA, by 1917.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["598.20", "2560.29"], "did_you_know": "The dreamlike quality of the painting reflects Corot\u2019s desire to reproduce the \u201cfirst Impression\u201d of the landscape.", "description": "Corot painted this view of a pond near his home at Ville-d'Avray, just west of Paris, in his late style distinguished by soft, hazy forms and gentle, silvery light. Such paintings merge his lifelong study of nature with nostalgic memories and contrast sharply with the more formal compositions and precisely rendered shapes of his early landscapes. Corot's devotion to the direct study of nature was a major influence on the Impressionists.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18177342"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.80-pond-at-ville-d-avra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Robaut, Alfred and Etienne Moreau-Ne\u0301laton. <em>L'\u0152uvre de Corot</em>. Paris, France: H. Floury, 1905.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21-22, cat. no. 3; Reproduced: p. [24], Plate X, cat. no. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Paintings in the Prentiss Bequest.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXI</em>, no.6 (June,1944):87-89.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n193"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n193"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n229"}, {"citation": "Morse, John D. <em>Old Master Paintings in North America: Over 3000 Masterpieces by 50 Great Artists</em>. New York, NY: Abbeville Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Matheron, Genevie\u0300ve. <em>Corot a Ville-d'Avray: decembre 1987, Muse\u0301e de Ville-D'Avray au cha\u0302teau ... : exposition</em>. Ville-d'Avray, France: Le Muse\u0301e, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland, OH: 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.80", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.80/1944.80_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "745", "filesize": "671929", "filename": "1944.80_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.80/1944.80_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2006", "filesize": "4941912", "filename": "1944.80_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.80/1944.80_full.tif", "width": "5493", "height": "3241", "filesize": "53438184", "filename": "1944.80_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.80/1944.80_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "737", "filesize": "654359"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.80/1944.80_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1984", "filesize": "5050483"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.80/1944.80_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6312", "height": "3683", "filesize": "69772796"}, "date_created": "2007-07-24T15:03:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 124078, "creators": [{"id": 1588, "description": "Jean Baptiste Camille Corot (French, 1796\u20131875)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Camille Corot's earlier biographers presented him as a naive artist separated from commercial concerns who painted whatever pleased him in the French countryside and from his own emotions. For these writers his importance lay in his loosely painted, atmospheric landscapes, for which later modernists called him the precursor to impressionism. This conception of the artist has undergone significant revision with recent scholarship. Corot never seemed to accept the impressionists' more radical work, especially their enthusiasm for contemporary urban and suburban themes. He represented timeless, rural views disconnected from the industrialization and modernization of nineteenth-century France.\r\nFollowing his father in the clothing trade, Corot worked for eight years before the death of his younger sister in 1821 provided him with the additional income (her annual allowance) to enable him to devote himself to painting. In 1822 he began to study with the landscape painter Achille-Etna Michallon (1796-1822), winner of the first Grand Prix de Rome in historicized landscape, and after Michallon's early death that year, with Bertin (q.v.). Both Michallon and Bertin had trained with Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes (1750-1819), whose later eighteenth-century treatise on landscape painting practice urged artists to study nature closely. In addition, Michallon frequented the village of Barbizon and the forest of Fontainebleau, which would become important subjects for Corot and the group of painters known as the Barbizon school.\r\nIn 1825 Corot made his first trip to Italy, following in the tradition of the French academy but also the independent precedent of the seventeenth-century French painter Claude Lorrain. There Corot joined an international circle of artists, including L\u00e9opold Robert (1794-1835) and Aligny (q.v.), who struggled to resolve the contradictory phases of empirical study out of doors and synthetic recreation in the studio. From Rome, he sent his first submissions to the Paris Salon in 1827, among them The View at Narni (National Gallery of Canada, Ottowa). These early Italian views generally feature a bright, warm light with few areas in shadow.\r\nCorot gradually shifted from this early style to one in the 1840s that frequently included larger figures in the middle ground, more complex light effects, and a duller, earthy palette of greens and browns. He continued to use his outdoor works as models for finished canvases but freely adapted the compositions, forms, lighting, and color. The question of finish did not only pertain to the relationship between plein-air studies and studio compositions, which he called paysage compos\u00e9 (invented landscape). Corot sometimes added figures to landscapes that he had painted years earlier and even asked fellow painters such as Diaz de la Pe\u00f1a (q.v.) to paint them. His titles often referred to the geographical location that inspired the image, and some included the word souvenir (broad-ly translated as memory), which suggests recreating or revisiting some experience. \r\nThe critical reception of Corot's work fluctuated. His first Salon submissions passed the jury, but during the 1830s he was first overlooked and then attacked by the critics. By the 1840s his fortunes had improved, and he even sold one Salon picture to the French state. In more radical circles, the critic-poet Charles Baudelaire held Corot up as a leader in contemporary landscape painting. Corot received the Legion of Honor in 1846 as well as a municipal commission to decorate the baptismal fonts in the church of St. Nicolas du Chardonnet in Paris. \r\nIn the early 1850s Corot transformed his style again. He developed silvery tones and diffuse lighting effects applied in a few thin layers, over which he added small touches of brighter color for highlights. The soft glimmer and evocative atmosphere of these later works earned him commercial and critical success. During the last decade, Corot turned toward the single figure as subject. The meditative poses and expressions of these figures reminded some contemporary critics of seventeenth-century painting, especially the realism of Spanish and Dutch pictures. But Corot's landscapes remained his most admired work, and during his lifetime imitations or fakes were sold under his name.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1796", "death_year": "1875", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1865, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1860s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ville-d'Avray", "Ville-D'Avray, A Peasant Cutting Reeds in a Swamp"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:48.050000"}, {"id": 134607, "accession_number": "1957.139", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Kill, 300\u2013100 BCE. China, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE) to Western Han dynasty (206 BCE\u20138 CE). Painted clamshell; overall: 7.5 x 9 cm (2 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Harold T. Clark in memory of Flora L. Terry, 1957.139", "current_location": "241A Arts of Ancient China", "title": "The Kill", "creation_date": "300\u2013100 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -300, "creation_date_latest": -100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE) to Western Han dynasty (206 BCE\u20138 CE)"], "technique": "Painted clamshell", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Zhou Dynasty", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 7.5 x 9 cm (2 15/16 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.075, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.09, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "<i>1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518597, "title": "The Arts of the Han Dynasty", "description": "<i>The Arts of the Han Dynasty</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (February 7-March 26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "<i>China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese Painting</em>. Vassar College Art Gallery, Poughkeepsie, NY (May 22-June 10, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-05-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Samuel Hubert Minkenhof [1879\u20131956], Amsterdam, Netherlands, and New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(C.T. Loo \u76e7\u82b9\u9f4b [1880\u20131957], Paris, France, and New York, NY, purchased with funds from Harold T. [1882\u20131965] and Marie Odenkirk Clark [1896\u20131971] for gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131957", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The marine clam species to which this shell belongs is exclusive to the western Pacific Ocean near China, Japan, the Philippines, and the East Indies.", "description": "The inside of this shell preserves the earliest, extant figure paintings in Chinese history.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60517416"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.139-the-kill"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Vassar College. <em>Chinese Painting: Seventy-Fifth Anniversary Exhibition May 22 to June 10, 1940</em>. Poughkeepsie, NY: The Gallery, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. nos. 1, 2, pl. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 812", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n144"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Early Chinese Painted Shells with Hunting Scenes.\" <em>Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America</em> 11 (1957): 69\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 69\u201375; Reproduced: p. 71, figs. 1b, 2b, 3b; p. 72, fig. 4", "url": "Stable URL  https://www.jstor.org/stable/20066993"}, {"citation": "Trubner, Henry. <em>Arts of the Han Dynasty</em>. New York: Chinese Art Society of America, Asia House, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sullivan, Michael. <em>The Birth of Landscape Painting in China</em>. London: Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: color pl. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Li, Dun Jen. <em>The Ageless Chinese, A History</em>. New York: Scribner, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  p. 114", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 247", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n271"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 247", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n271"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 327", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n347"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n26"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.139", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.139/1957.139_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "648384", "filename": "1957.139_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.139/1957.139_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "5123766", "filename": "1957.139_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.139/1957.139_full.tif", "width": "3494", "height": "2795", "filesize": "29327700", "filename": "1957.139_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Harold T. Clark in memory of Flora L. Terry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 134607, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-05-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "300\u2013100 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:52:42.791000"}, {"id": 148153, "accession_number": "1975.152", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Helmet Mask, early to mid-1900s. Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Senufo-style carver. Wood, upholstery studs, and colorant; overall: 34.9 cm (13 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katherine C. White, 1975.152", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Helmet Mask", "creation_date": "early to mid-1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1950, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, Senufo-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, upholstery studs, and colorant", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Mask", "measurements": "Overall: 34.9 cm (13 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.349, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302170, "title": "Year in Review: 1975", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1975</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 3-March 7, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-02-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 204227, "title": "Senufo: Art and Identity in West Africa", "description": "<i>Senufo: Art and Identity in West Africa</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-May 31, 2015); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (June 28-September 27, 2015); Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (November 28, 2015-March 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-02-22T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1968: \"African Tribal Images: The Katherine White Reswick Collection,\" cat. no. 22, repr.", "opening_date": "1968-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1976: \"Year in Review 1975,\" CMA Bulletin LXIII Feb., 1976), p. 66, no. 29, repr. p. 64", "opening_date": "1976-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (2/22/15-5/31/15) Saint Louis Art Museum (6/28/15/-9/27/15) Mus\u00e9e Fabre, montpellier France (11/28/15-3/6/16) \"Senufo: Art Identity in West Africa;", "opening_date": "2015-02-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "J. J. Klejman, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Recorded on an undated info sheet (c. 1969) in curatorial file</div>"], "date": "1963    ", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Katherine C. White [1929-1980], Gates Mills, OH, by purchase from the above", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1966 \u2013 1970&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Lived in Gates Mills, OH (articles also mention Bratenahl, OH). Known as&nbsp;</div><div><!--block-->Katherine White Reswick, Katherine C. White (Reswick), Mrs. James B. Reswick</div>"], "date": "?\u20131975", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art by gift", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1975\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["620.68"], "did_you_know": "Cowrie shells, feathers, and other accessories once decorated this helmet.", "description": "This type of helmet was worn in rituals demonstrating a boy\u2019s transition from one age group to the next, prior to his actual initiation into the secret Poro society. The pre-initiates were viewed as unknowing and anxious oxen, so the horns on such helmets may refer to those of horned cattle. The female figure alludes to women\u2019s supernatural powers, which assure the welfare of Poro members.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1975.152-helmet-mask"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>1975 Year in Review</em>. Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 63, no. 3, cat. 29.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fagg, William. <em>African Tribal Images; the Katherine White Reswick Collection</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968, no. 22.", "page_number": "No. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1975.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 2 (1976): 31\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64, no. 29; mentioned: p. 66, no. 29.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: Selected works of African Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44-45, color plate 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \u201cBuffalo Helmets of Tussian and Siemu Peoples of Burkina Faso.\u201d <em>African Arts</em> 41, no. 3 (2008): 26\u201343.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35; mentioned: p. 38.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20447898"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Walter, Sheri.  \u201cExhibitions 2015.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 4 (July/August 2014): 14.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-04"}, {"citation": "Gagliardi, Susan Elizabeth, and Constantijn Petridis. <em>Senufo Unbound: Dynamics of Art and Identity in West Africa</em>. 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 174-5, fig. 127.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gagliardi, Susan Elizabeth, and Constantijn Petridis. <em>Senufo Unbound: Dynamics of Art and Identity in West Africa. </em>Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "pp. 174-5, fig. 127", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Art on View: Art and Identity in West Africa.\" <em>Tribal Art</em> 19, no. 74 (Winter 2014): 70.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gagliardi, Susan Elizabeth and Constantine Petridis. \"Senufo Unbound: Dynamics of Art and Identity in West Africa.\"<em> African Arts</em> 48, no. 1 (Spring 2015): 6-23.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15, fig. 11", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.152", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_web.jpg", "width": "737", "height": "893", "filesize": "337052", "filename": "1975.152_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_print.jpg", "width": "2806", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4652320", "filename": "1975.152_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_full.tif", "width": "5782", "height": "7007", "filesize": "121577040", "filename": "1975.152_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "893", "filesize": "347696"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2855", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4807540"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5701", "height": "6789", "filesize": "116146032"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T19:13:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "776", "height": "893", "filesize": "363200"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2954", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5109441"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6100", "height": "7021", "filesize": "128517996"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T19:16:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "782", "height": "893", "filesize": "362814"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2976", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5065074"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5949", "height": "6797", "filesize": "121339940"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T19:19:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "893", "filesize": "372801"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3007", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5229307"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.152/1975.152_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6100", "height": "6898", "filesize": "126267132"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T19:22:15", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Katherine C. White", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148153, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-01-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early to mid-1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Helmet (Daagu)", "Human/Animal Headdress"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:36:57.189000"}, {"id": 153630, "accession_number": "1987.156", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ostracon: Ramesses II Suckled by a Goddess, c. 1279\u20131213 BCE. Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 19, reign of Ramesses II (1279\u20131213 BCE). Painted limestone; overall: 31.2 x 18.2 x 3.3 cm (12 5/16 x 7 3/16 x 1 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Given in honor of James N. Sherwin, Trustee 1957-1971, 1987.156", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Ostracon: Ramesses II Suckled by a Goddess", "creation_date": "c. 1279\u20131213 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1279, "creation_date_latest": -1213, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 19, reign of Ramesses II (1279\u20131213 BCE)"], "technique": "painted limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 31.2 x 18.2 x 3.3 cm (12 5/16 x 7 3/16 x 1 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.312, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.182, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.033, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "", "inscription_translation": "Ramesses II", "inscription_remark": "Cartouche Behind Him", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1987</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 176974, "title": "Mistress of the House, Mistress of Heaven:  Women in Ancient Egypt\r\n", "description": "<i>Mistress of the House, Mistress of Heaven:  Women in Ancient Egypt\r\n</i>. The Cincinnati Art Museum (organizer) (October 19, 1996-January 15, 1997); The Brooklyn Museum (February 20-May 18, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222602, "title": "I Faraoni", "description": "<i>I Faraoni</i>. Palazzo Grassi spa, 30124 Venice, Italy (organizer) (September 8, 2002-July 6, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-09-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>In the Tomb of Nefertari: Conservation of the Wall Paintings.</em> The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, CA (12 November 1992-21 February 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-11-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mathias Komor, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Private Collection, Baltimore, MD", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "\u20141965", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Garrison Forest School, Baltimore, MD", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965\u20141987", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sale: Sotheby's, New York, 24-25 November 1987, no. 47)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November  24-25, 1987", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987\u2014", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artisans who carved the tombs in the cemeteries lived in a tiny community not far from their workplace.", "description": "Ostraca (singular, ostracon) are natural limestone flakes, common to the region of Thebes. The ancient Egyptians who lived there, particularly the artisans of the royal tombs, used them extensively as writing or drawing surfaces, both for practice and for instruction. Some are almost finished works of art; others are clearly sketches. Whether passing idle time or practicing their technique, these pieces provide a rare look at an ancient artist at work. This ostracon is decorated with a scene of the king suckled by a goddess. Although his body is that of an adult, the king (identified by the inscriptions as Ramesses II) appears child size. The goddess wears a long garment of vulture's wings--she could be any of a number of protective mother or sky goddesses.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758955"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.156-ostracon-ramesses-ii"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Brunner-Traut, Emma. <em>Die alta\u0308gyptischen Scherbenbilder (Bildostraka) der Deutschen Museen und Sammlungen</em>. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1956.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Antiquities and Islamic Works of Art, with Property from the Joseph Ternbach Collection.</em> 1987.", "page_number": "no. 47, pp. 46-47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1987.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 2 (1988): 30-71.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25160017"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum, and Getty Conservation Institute. <em>In the Tomb of Nefertari: Conservation of the Wall Paintings</em>. [Malibu, Calif.]: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1992.", "page_number": "no. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Capel, Anne K., and Glenn Markoe, eds. <em>Mistress of the House, Mistress of Heaven: Women in Ancient Egypt</em>. New York, NY: Hudson Hills Press, 1996.", "page_number": "no. 51, Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 248-249; Reproduced: p. 248-249, Color p. 57: Mentioned: p. 248-249", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ziegler, Christiane, ed. <em>The Pharaohs</em>. Milan: Bompiani, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 403", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hays, Christopher B. \"Egyptian Goddess Mut in Iron Age Palestine\" <em>Journal of Near Eastern Studies, </em>Vol. 71, No. 2 (October 2012).", "page_number": "fig. 1, p. 301", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vandenbeusch, Marie, Aude Semat, and Margaret Maitland. <em>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</em>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.53; Reproduced: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Semat, Aude. \u201cRamses II in Mourning: A new look at a work from Cleveland's Egyptian collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 3 (May/June 2016): 16-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-03"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.156", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.156/1987.156_web.jpg", "width": "614", "height": "893", "filesize": "412210", "filename": "1987.156_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.156/1987.156_print.jpg", "width": "2337", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6115957", "filename": "1987.156_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.156/1987.156_full.tif", "width": "3521", "height": "5122", "filesize": "54135708", "filename": "1987.156_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.156/1987.156_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "614", "height": "893", "filesize": "394356"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.156/1987.156_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2336", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5511593"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.156/1987.156_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3453", "height": "5026", "filesize": "52096244"}, "date_created": "2007-06-19T16:39:55", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Given in honor of James N. Sherwin, Trustee 1957-1971", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153630, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-11-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1279, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1279\u20131213 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:45:51.274000"}, {"id": 112586, "accession_number": "1931.205", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Venus Reclining in a Landscape, c. 1508\u20139. Giulio Campagnola (Italian, 1482\u20131515). Engraving; platemark: 11.9 x 18.3 cm (4 11/16 x 7 3/16 in.); sheet: 11.9 x 18.3 cm (4 11/16 x 7 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1931.205", "current_location": null, "title": "Venus Reclining in a Landscape", "creation_date": "c. 1508\u20139", "creation_date_earliest": 1508, "creation_date_latest": 1509, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, late 15th-early 16th Century"], "technique": "engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Engraving", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Platemark: 11.9 x 18.3 cm (4 11/16 x 7 3/16 in.); Sheet: 11.9 x 18.3 cm (4 11/16 x 7 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"platemark": {"height": 0.119, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.183, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "sheet": {"height": 0.119, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.183, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Watermark: two crossed arrows (similar to Briquet 6270)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 357426, "title": "Italian and German Prints of the 15th Century", "description": "<i>Italian and German Prints of the 15th Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29, 1933-January 3, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357312, "title": "Prints of the Fifteenth to Twentieth Century from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Prints of the Fifteenth to Twentieth Century from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 5-September 12, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 345396, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition of the New Print Gallery - Prints from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition of the New Print Gallery - Prints from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 10-November 13, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-08-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301170, "title": "Prints 1400-1800", "description": "<i>Prints 1400-1800</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 18, 1956-January 20, 1957); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 1-March 3, 1957); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (November 1-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-12-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301501, "title": "40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "<i>40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 3, 1959-January 20, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-12-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301359, "title": "The Print Club of Cleveland, 1919 - 1969: Fifty Years in Review", "description": "<i>The Print Club of Cleveland, 1919 - 1969: Fifty Years in Review</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 14-March 31, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310008, "title": "Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention", "description": "<i>Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 7-May 17, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-04-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311461, "title": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "<i>Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 185234, "title": "Early Italian Engraving: 1460's - 1530's", "description": "<i>Early Italian Engraving: 1460's - 1530's</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 25-October 27, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-08-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 294294, "title": "The Renaissance Nude: 1400-1530", "description": "<i>The Renaissance Nude: 1400-1530</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (October 30, 2018-January 27, 2019); Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (February 28-June 2, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-10-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 437915, "title": "Love Gardens / Forbidden Fruit", "description": "<i>Love Gardens / Forbidden Fruit</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 2-October 29, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-07-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Hermitage, St. Petersburg (duplicate)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "with C. G. Boerner, Leipzig", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "with Knoedler & Co., Inc., New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This artist's training as a gem cutter prepared him well for the relatively new art of engraving, which required carving into a copperplate with a sharp instrument called a burin.", "description": "The Venetian artist Giulio Campagnola introduced the \"dot manner,\" an engraving technique by which shading is created with dots and flicks produced with the point of the burin. This innovation allowed for a much greater range of tone and subtler gradations from dark to light. The effect imitated <em>sfumato, </em>a painting technique for creating soft atmospheric effects practiced by Venetian artists, such as Giorgione, at the time. The influence of and perhaps even the engraver\u2019s collaboration with Giorgione is reflected in the extraordinary beauty and refinement of this rare early impression of <em>Venus Reclining in a Landscape</em>. The female nude reclining in a landscape was to become a distinctly Venetian subject in the 1500s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759300"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.205-venus-reclining-in-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"An Engraving by Giulio Campagnola.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>18, no. 9 (November 1931): 171-174", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170; Mentioned: p. 171", "url": "jstor.org/stable/25137420"}, {"citation": "Prasse, Leona. \"An Engraving of 'St. John the Baptist' by Giulio Campagnola.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>22, no. 2 (February 1935): 15-18", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15-16", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137672"}, {"citation": "Meier, Henry, \"Giulio Campagnola's 'Woman Reclining in a Landsacpe,\" and its Technique, Bulletin of the New York Public Library Vol. 46, No. 8 (August, 1942): 735-738.", "page_number": "p. 735", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 622", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n116"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n117"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n117"}, {"citation": "Levenson, Jay A., Konrad Oberhuber, and Jacquelyn L. Sheehan. Early Italian Engravings from the National Gallery of Art. 1973.", "page_number": "pp. 398-399, fig. 19-10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Meiss, Millard. The Painter's Choice: Problems in the Interpretation of Renaissance Art. New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1976.", "page_number": "pp. 217, 233n30, fig. 225", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n125"}, {"citation": "Cafritz, Robert, Lawrence Gowing, and David Rosand. Places of Delight: The Pastoral Landscape. Washington, D.C.: Phillips Collection in association with the National Gallery of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 74, fig. 76 (no. 26)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Russell, H. Diane, and Bernadine Ann Barnes. Eva/Ave: Woman in Renaissance and Baroque Prints. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 139, fig. 80b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lo Monaco, Louis. La gravure en taille-douce: art, histoire, technique. Paris: Arts et me\u0301tiers graphiques/Flammarion, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Landau, David, and Peter W. Parshall. The Renaissance Print, 1470-1550. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 263, fig. 268.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hults, Linda C. The Print in the Western World: An Introductory History. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 175, fig. 3.40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosand, David. Drawing Acts: Studies in Graphic Expression and Representation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "pp. 205-206, fig. 188", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ballarin, Alessandro. <em>Giorgione e l'umanesimo veneziano</em>. Verona : Edizioni dell\u2019Aurora, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. I: 214, 379; v: xxx, xxxii; tavv. v. (xii) 57, 63, 67, 78 I", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kren, Thomas, Jill Burke, and Stephen J. Campbell. <em>The Renaissance Nude.</em> Los Angeles : J. Paul Getty Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 168-169, cat. 49", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Hind V(II).202.13 ; Passavant V.165.11 ; Le Blanc I.575.10 ; Ottley II.769.8", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.205", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.205/1931.205_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "605", "filesize": "262871", "filename": "1931.205_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.205/1931.205_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2286", "filesize": "3939835", "filename": "1931.205_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.205/1931.205_full.tif", "width": "11175", "height": "7515", "filesize": "251970898", "filename": "1931.205_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.205/1931.205_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "597", "filesize": "268763"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.205/1931.205_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2254", "filesize": "3239012"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.205/1931.205_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7008", "height": "4645", "filesize": "97689360"}, "date_created": "2017-11-20T16:25:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.205/1931.205_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "818", "filesize": "874492"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.205/1931.205_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2203", "filesize": "6043569"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.205/1931.205_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4995", "height": "3236", "filesize": "48523488"}, "date_created": "2006-08-25T18:28:12", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112586, "creators": [{"id": 24423, "description": "Giulio Campagnola (Italian, 1482\u20131515)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1482", "death_year": "1515", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1508, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1508\u20139", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:57:35.814000"}, {"id": 143772, "accession_number": "1968.21", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Trees on a Rocky Hillside, c. 1849. Asher B. Durand (American, 1796\u20131886). Oil on canvas; framed: 64.8 x 83.2 x 7.9 cm (25 1/2 x 32 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 42.5 x 61.3 cm (16 3/4 x 24 1/8 in.); former: 53.5 x 72 x 6.5 cm (21 1/16 x 28 3/8 x 2 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1968.21", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "Trees on a Rocky Hillside", "creation_date": "c. 1849", "creation_date_earliest": 1844, "creation_date_latest": 1854, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 64.8 x 83.2 x 7.9 cm (25 1/2 x 32 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 42.5 x 61.3 cm (16 3/4 x 24 1/8 in.); Former: 53.5 x 72 x 6.5 cm (21 1/16 x 28 3/8 x 2 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.648, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.832, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.079, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.425, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.613, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "former": {"height": 0.535, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.72, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.065, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: \"ABD\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445320, "title": "Durand", "description": "<i>Durand</i>. Montclair Art Museum, Montclair, NJ (organizer) (October 24-November 28, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444609, "title": "Near-Looking: A Close-Focus Look at a Basic Thread of American Art", "description": "<i>Near-Looking: A Close-Focus Look at a Basic Thread of American Art</i>. Northern Illinois University Art Gallery, DeKalb, IL (organizer) (October 27-November 22, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, <em>Year in Review for 1968 </em>(29 January - 9 March 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montclair, NJ, Montclair Art Museum, <em>A.B. Durand, 1796 - 1886</em> (24 October - 28 November 1971), no. 70, ill. p. 63 as Rocks and Trees.", "opening_date": "1971-10-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dekalb, IL, Northern Illinois University Art Gallery, <em>Near-Looking: A Close-Focus Look at a Basic Thread of American Art</em> (27 October - 22 November 1974), possibly traveled to South Bend, IN, Snite Art Gallery, University of Notre Dame (1 December 1974 - 26 January 1975), no. 15, ill. p. 36.", "opening_date": "1974-10-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, <em>Visions of Landscape: East and West</em> (17 February - 21 March 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Kennedy Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1968", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "[Private collection, Philadelphia, probably consigned to Kennedy Galleries?]", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 After the painting failed to sell at the 1966 Sotheby's sale, it was purchased by a private collector.&nbsp; A letter from Lawrence Fleischman of Kennedy Galleries states that the painting came from a private collection in Philadelphia.&nbsp; The Kennedy Galleries records at the Archives of American Art contain no information concerning their acquisition of the painting.</div>"], "date": "c. 1966-1968", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York, NY, Nov. 17, 1966, lot 48)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1966", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Before becoming a painter, Durand designed paper currency for the federal government.", "description": "Durand was one of the first American artists to paint outdoors, rather than in the confines of a studio, which was the longstanding tradition. This outdoor oil sketch of a seemingly random corner of the woods offers an intimate view of a rock outcropping amid lush vegetation. Its small-scale, unusually cropped composition contrasts with the sweeping vistas in many other landscapes of the era.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20737406"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.21-trees-on-a-rocky-hil"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \u201cAmerican Visions of Wilderness.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 4 (April 1969): 151\u2013166.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 53, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152270"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.21", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "617", "filesize": "320875", "filename": "1968.21_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2330", "filesize": "2853306", "filename": "1968.21_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_full.tif", "width": "6972", "height": "4777", "filesize": "99942264", "filename": "1968.21_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "865", "filesize": "908526"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2635", "filesize": "6327978"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3856", "height": "2988", "filesize": "34610144"}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T18:10:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "698", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2635", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3856", "height": "2988", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2008-06-23T10:08:24.043000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "680", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2570", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3401", "height": "2571", "filesize": ""}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "643", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2429", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.21/1968.21_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3712", "height": "2652", "filesize": ""}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 143772, "creators": [{"id": 2662, "description": "Asher B. Durand (American, 1796\u20131886)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1796", "death_year": "1886", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1844, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1849", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:22:43.740000"}, {"id": 150488, "accession_number": "1981.49", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lily of the Valley Comb, c. 1900. Ren\u00e9 Lalique (French, 1860\u20131945). Horn, enamel and gold; overall: 15.4 x 9.4 x 3 cm (6 1/16 x 3 11/16 x 1 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1981.49", "current_location": "221 19th Century Decorative Arts", "title": "Lily of the Valley Comb", "creation_date": "c. 1900", "creation_date_earliest": 1895, "creation_date_latest": 1905, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, early 20th Century"], "technique": "horn, enamel and gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 15.4 x 9.4 x 3 cm (6 1/16 x 3 11/16 x 1 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.154, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.094, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.03, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Engraved on side of gold stem: \"LALIQUE\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304599, "title": "The Year in Review for 1981", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1981</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441937, "title": "The Jewelry of Rene Lalique", "description": "<i>The Jewelry of Rene Lalique</i>. Goldsmiths' Hall, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (May 28-July 24, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310102, "title": "Art Nouveau in France", "description": "<i>Art Nouveau in France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 12-November 27, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-07-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 219114, "title": "The Jewels of Lalique", "description": "<i>The Jewels of Lalique</i>. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY (February 3-April 12, 1998); Smithsonian Institution, International Gallery, Washington, D.C (May 15-August 16, 1998); The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (September 13, 1998-January 10, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-02-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220590, "title": "Rococo: The Continuing Curve 1720-2008", "description": "<i>Rococo: The Continuing Curve 1720-2008</i>. Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 7-July 6, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202597, "title": "Imagining the Garden", "description": "<i>Imagining the Garden</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24, 2015-March 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-10-24T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lalique valued the use of horn for its transparent qualities and natural color.", "description": "This comb was purchased by Cleveland native Jeptha Homer Wade II from Lalique after admiring the designer's work at the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris, probably for his wife Ellen Garretson Wade. Pearlescent horn forms the leaves of the lily of the valley, out of which the delicate, bell-shaped enamel flowers emerge.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749031"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1981.49-lily-of-the-valley-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lalique, Rene\u0301, Yvonne Brunhammer, and Sigrid Barten.<em> The Jewels of Lalique</em>. New York: Flammarion, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 26, cat. no. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1981.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 2 (February 1982): 39\u201382.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57; Mentioned: p. 79, no. 41", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159758"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, Jeannine J Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, Ohio:  Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 258; Mentioned: P. 334, no. 162", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1981.49", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_web.jpg", "width": "639", "height": "893", "filesize": "300085", "filename": "1981.49_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_print.jpg", "width": "2434", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3850221", "filename": "1981.49_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_full.tif", "width": "3580", "height": "5000", "filesize": "53721216", "filename": "1981.49_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "598", "filesize": "318742"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1609", "filesize": "2211064"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "2366", "filesize": "35510844"}, "date_created": "2007-10-24T13:22:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "839", "filesize": "338481"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2258", "filesize": "2541508"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3320", "filesize": "49820496"}, "date_created": "2007-10-24T13:21:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "419732"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "3564953"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.49/1981.49_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4614", "height": "3691", "filesize": "51113940"}, "date_created": "2007-08-10T18:21:47", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. A. Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150488, "creators": [{"id": 8607, "description": "Ren\u00e9 Lalique (French, 1860\u20131945)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1860", "death_year": "1945", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1981-08-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Hair Ornament"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:45:51.909000"}, {"id": 136970, "accession_number": "1961.44", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hookah Base, c. 1750. Mughal India, possibly Lucknow. Gold on blue glass; overall: 19.8 cm (7 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cornelia Blakemore Warner Fund, 1961.44", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Hookah Base", "creation_date": "c. 1750", "creation_date_earliest": 1650, "creation_date_latest": 1800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mughal India, possibly Lucknow"], "technique": "gold on blue glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Overall: 19.8 cm (7 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.198, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520314, "title": "Art of Mughal India", "description": "<i>Art of Mughal India</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (January 15, 1964-March 25, 1963).", "opening_date": "1964-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 207268, "title": "Glass of the Sultans", "description": "<i>Glass of the Sultans</i>. The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, NY (May 24-September 3, 2001); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 2, 2001-January 13, 2002); Benaki Museum, Athens, Greece (February 20-May 15, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-05-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "<i>Art and Stories from Mughal India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350154, "title": "Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "<i>Paintings of Bikaner \u2013 Indian Gallery 242 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 7, 2019-April 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-11-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Khalil Rabenou [1902\u20131961], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The neckpiece was made separately and attached to the blown glass bowl.", "description": "Smoking tobacco was introduced to the Mughal court from Iran in the very early 1600s and soon became popular. This base formed part of a hookah, or water pipe, which consisted of a base that held water\u2014sometimes perfumed with herbs or fresh fruit\u2014a detachable bowl to hold tobacco, and a long tube. Early hookahs used existing vessels for bases, including coconut shells. By the late 1600s or early 1700s, richly decorated pieces like this were produced. The striking gold poppies on a cobalt blue background might indicate that opium was used in the hookah.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80031329"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.44-hookah-base"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Marcus, Margaret F. \u201cA Gilded Blue Glass Vase: From Mughal India.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 10 (December 1962): 243\u2013247.<br>Published as: <em>Gilded Blue Glass Vase</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 244-245, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151921"}, {"citation": "Welch, Stuart Cary. <em>The Art of Mughal India: Painting &amp; Precious Objects</em>. New York: Distributed by H.N. Abrams, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 174, no. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dikshit, Moreshwar Gangadhar. <em>History of Indian Glass</em>. [Bombay]: University of Bombay, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. IIA", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 312", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n332"}, {"citation": "Carboni, Stefano, and David Whitehouse. <em>Glass of the Sultans</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 138, pp. 284\u2013285", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/74621"}, {"citation": "Du Pasquier, Jacqueline. <em>Histoire du verre: les chefs-d'oeuvre de l'Islam</em>. Paris: Massin, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Desjardins, Tara. <em>Mughal Glass: A History of Glassmaking in India.</em> New Delhi: Roli Books, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 121, no. 42", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.44", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.44/1961.44_web.jpg", "width": "1006", "height": "893", "filesize": "94758", "filename": "1961.44_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.44/1961.44_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3018", "filesize": "840156", "filename": "1961.44_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.44/1961.44_full.tif", "width": "6147", "height": "5458", "filesize": "100727524", "filename": "1961.44_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Cornelia Blakemore Warner Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136970, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-02-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1650, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1750", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Huqqa Bowl", "Hookah Bottle", "Hookah Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:33.992000"}, {"id": 142749, "accession_number": "1966.455", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Miniature Bathroom Chair (Bidet), 1908\u201317. Henrik Wigstr\u00f6m (Russian, 1862\u20131923), House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Gold, nephrite, enamel, pearls; overall: 8.3 x 3.5 x 4.5 cm (3 1/4 x 1 3/8 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.455", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Miniature Bathroom Chair (Bidet)", "creation_date": "1908\u201317", "creation_date_earliest": 1908, "creation_date_latest": 1917, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "gold, nephrite, enamel, pearls", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 8.3 x 3.5 x 4.5 cm (3 1/4 x 1 3/8 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.083, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.035, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Kokoshnik, 72, lower case alpha; 72; H.W. [initials of worksmaster Henrik Wigstr\u00f6m]; Faberg\u00e9; 25256 [scratched].", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443609, "title": "Faberge 1846 - 1920", "description": "<i>Faberge 1846 - 1920</i>. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (June 23-October 23, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441346, "title": "Faberge, Imperial Jeweler", "description": "<i>Faberge, Imperial Jeweler</i>. St. George Hall of the Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (June 18-August 15, 1993); Mus\u00e9e des arts D\u00e9coratifs, Paris, France (September 24, 1993-January 2, 1994); Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 26-April 10, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-06-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "King Farouk of Egypt; (Sotheby's, Cairo, March 10, 1954, no. 126, for \u00a366)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The seat of this miniature bathroom chair cleverly opens to reveal a small compartment probably containing a damp sponge or ball of cotton to moisten stamps on a desk.", "description": "The giving of small precious objects as intimate gifts between family members within the imperial court was spurred by the House of Faberg\u00e9's seemingly endless supply of bejeweled utilitarian objects decorated as expensively as possible, such as this stamp moistener disguising as an exquisite miniature bathroom chair (bidet) in the Louis XVI taste of the late 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747191"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.455-miniature-bathroom-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 32-3, cat. 12", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n195"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 227", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n247"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96; p. 113, cat. 97; reproduced: p. 113", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H., \"Some Faberge Sources\", Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland Art: <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine. </em>Vol. 37 no. 04, April 1997", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1997-04/page/6"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 199, cat. 74.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}, {"citation": "Tillander-Godenhielm, Ulla, and Peter Carl Faberge\u0301. <em>Faberge\u0301: ja ha\u0308nen suomalaiset mestarinsa</em>. Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtio\u0308 Tammi, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/317629230"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.455", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.455/1966.455_web.jpg", "width": "742", "height": "893", "filesize": "347324", "filename": "1966.455_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.455/1966.455_print.jpg", "width": "2735", "height": "3292", "filesize": "5203385", "filename": "1966.455_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.455/1966.455_full.tif", "width": "2735", "height": "3292", "filesize": "27044224", "filename": "1966.455_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.455/1966.455_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "893", "filesize": "368300"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.455/1966.455_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2763", "height": "3241", "filesize": "5620415"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.455/1966.455_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2763", "height": "3241", "filesize": "26897684"}, "date_created": "2008-06-06T14:48:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.455/1966.455_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "410503"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.455/1966.455_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "3418463"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.455/1966.455_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4496", "height": "3474", "filesize": "46888400"}, "date_created": "2007-12-28T18:33:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142749, "creators": [{"id": 8891, "description": "Henrik Wigstr\u00f6m (Russian, 1862\u20131923)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "workmaster", "biography": "Workmaster for the House of Faberge based in St. Petersburg, Russia. Responsible for many of the imperial Easter eggs as well as enameled accessories and jewelry.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1862", "death_year": "1923", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1908, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1908\u201317", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Miniature Bidet", "Salt Cellar"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:06.182000"}, {"id": 149380, "accession_number": "1978.39.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Panel from a Casket with Scenes from Courtly Romances, c. 1330\u201350 or later. France, Lorraine?, Gothic period, 14th century. Ivory; overall: 13 x 26.2 x 1 cm (5 1/8 x 10 5/16 x 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1978.39.a", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Panel from a Casket with Scenes from Courtly Romances", "creation_date": "c. 1330\u201350 or later", "creation_date_earliest": 1330, "creation_date_latest": 1375, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Lorraine?, Gothic period, 14th century"], "technique": "ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Ivory", "measurements": "Overall: 13 x 26.2 x 1 cm (5 1/8 x 10 5/16 x 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.13, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.262, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.01, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309851, "title": "Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 22-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-01-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Year in Review 1978</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, (1979).", "opening_date": "1979-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, (October 14-December 9, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Images of the Mind</em>, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 7-August 23, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Survival of the Gods: Classical Mythology in Medieval Art</em>, Brown University Bell Gallery, Providence, Rhode Island, (February 28-March 29, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Trivulzio, Milan (before 1897); Robert von Hirsch, Frankfurt (until 1933) and Basel (sale, Sotheby Parke Bernet, London, 22 June 1978, no. 290).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two knights in mail surcoats and helms joust here with blunted lances \"for courtesy,\" a version of the joust known as the Joust of Peace.", "description": "Among the most lavish and deluxe products of French ivory workshops of the 1300s were large caskets carved with elaborate scenes drawn from courtly romances. The panel shown here comes from such a casket. The largest panel (here) once formed the lid and depicts a tournament, the most splendid and romantic of knightly activities. Just to the right is a favorite allegory of chivalric love: knights assaulting the castle of love. These images suggesting chivalry, fertility, virginity, youth, and an idealized courtly love likely derive from manuscripts including the <em>Roman de la Rose</em> and the poems of Chr\u00e9tien de Troyes. Such texts were often found within the libraries of the aristocracy, so the casket\u2019s symbolic images would have been readily understood. Such caskets may have originally been gifts between a man and a woman. The expense of the material, ivory, suggests they were produced for an elite, aristocratic clientele.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779154"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.39.a-panel-from-a-casket"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wixom, William D. \"Eleven Additions to the Medieval Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 3 (1979).", "page_number": "p. 87-151", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159622"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Barbara A. Kathman. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. 1981.", "page_number": "pp. 2 & ad, cat. no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martin Nagy, Rebecca. Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 60, repr. p. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown University, and David Winton Bell Gallery (Brown University).<em> Survival of the Gods: Classical Mythology in Medieval Art</em> : an Exhibition by the Department of Art, Brown University, Bell Gallery, List Art Center, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, February 28-March 29, 1987. Providence, R.I.: The Department, 1987.", "page_number": "pp. 64-5, cat. no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wixom, William. \"A Glimpse at the Fountains of the Middle Ages.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art </em>8 (2003): 6-23.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 17", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20079727"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein.<em> Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 188-189, no. 67", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kopp, V. &amp; E. Lapina, \"Games and Visual Culture in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance\". <em>Studies in the History of Daily Life (800-1600) V</em>olume 8, Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2020.", "page_number": "pp. 226-28", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.39.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39.a/1978.39.a_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "497", "filesize": "202967", "filename": "1978.39.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39.a/1978.39.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1878", "filesize": "1713733", "filename": "1978.39.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39.a/1978.39.a_full.tif", "width": "7708", "height": "4257", "filesize": "98472968", "filename": "1978.39.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39.a/1978.39.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "496", "filesize": "139894"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39.a/1978.39.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1875", "filesize": "1290438"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39.a/1978.39.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7664", "height": "4227", "filesize": "97218028"}, "date_created": "2014-09-16T15:22:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39.a/1978.39.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "651", "filesize": "654396"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39.a/1978.39.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1753", "filesize": "3693944"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.39.a/1978.39.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5970", "height": "3078", "filesize": "55160048"}, "date_created": "2005-11-15T16:34:12", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149380, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-08-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1330, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1330\u201350 or later", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1978.39", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Lid from a Casket with a Joust and the Siege of the Castle of Love"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:41:18.935000"}, {"id": 99418, "accession_number": "1919.1.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Stained Glass Panel with Female Donor, c. 1480. France, 15th century. Pot metal, white glass with silver stain ; overall: 156 x 43.5 x 1.5 cm (61 7/16 x 17 1/8 x 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1919.1.2", "current_location": "110B Late Gothic", "title": "Stained Glass Panel with Female Donor", "creation_date": "c. 1480", "creation_date_earliest": 1475, "creation_date_latest": 1485, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 15th century"], "technique": "pot metal, white glass with silver stain ", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Overall: 156 x 43.5 x 1.5 cm (61 7/16 x 17 1/8 x 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.56, "height_inch": 61, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.435, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.015, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry Daguerre, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1919", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1919.8", "1919.2"], "did_you_know": "The brilliant colors of this stained glass panel were produced by adding different materials to molten glass, creating a reaction that resulted in specific colors. The metal supports for the individual pieces of glass are made from pot metal, an alloy, or mixture, of copper and iron.", "description": "The origin of these stained glass panels is unknown. They depict a male and female donor, presumably husband and wife, who gaze upon a now-lost central panel. The object of their devotions was likely a crucified Christ or a standing figure of the Virgin Mary. The man, dressed in armor, and the woman, wearing a bejeweled and richly embroidered gown, are accompanied by their coats-of-arms (unidentified). They are undoubtedly members of an aristocratic elite who commissioned these windows, perhaps for a family chapel.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755232"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.1.2-stained-glass-panel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 2 (1919): 37-38.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136263"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.1.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1.2/1919.1.2_web.jpg", "width": "396", "height": "893", "filesize": "75707", "filename": "1919.1.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1.2/1919.1.2_print.jpg", "width": "1508", "height": "3400", "filesize": "818843", "filename": "1919.1.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.1.2/1919.1.2_full.tif", "width": "2917", "height": "6573", "filesize": "57555340", "filename": "1919.1.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 99418, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1480", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1919.1", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:22:11.439000"}, {"id": 169684, "accession_number": "2011.49", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the Younger, 1774. Elisabeth Louise Vig\u00e9e-LeBrun (French, 1755\u20131842). Oil on canvas; framed: 58.6 x 51.9 x 5.7 cm (23 1/16 x 20 7/16 x 2 1/4 in.); unframed: 37.4 x 44.1 cm (14 3/4 x 17 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Dr. Paul J. Vignos Jr., 2011.49", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Portrait of Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the Younger", "creation_date": "1774", "creation_date_earliest": 1774, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 58.6 x 51.9 x 5.7 cm (23 1/16 x 20 7/16 x 2 1/4 in.); Unframed: 37.4 x 44.1 cm (14 3/4 x 17 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.586, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.519, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.057, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.374, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.441, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the Younger (1704-1778), Paris, France, by inheritance to the Lemoyne Family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1774-1778", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Lemoyne Family, by inheritance to Yves Le Moyne", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yves Le Moyne, sold through Hotel Drouot", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1912", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sale: Hotel Drouot, Paris, France, February 5, 1912, lot 76", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "February 5, 1912", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Paul J. Vignos, Jr. (1919-2010), Cleveland, OH, upon his death, held in trust by the estate.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-2010", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Estate of Paul J. Vignos, Jr., by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010-2011", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne was a sculptor--there's one of his works in the CMA's collection.", "description": "This signed portrait reinterprets a well-known pastel by Maurice-Quentin de La Tour of the important French sculptor Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne the younger (1704\u20131778). The sculptor, seen toward the end of his life, appears in working garb. His close-cropped grey hair, frank, observant stare, and bemused smile all demonstrate the closeness of the young painter to the elder sculptor. 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Mesoamerica, Maya, probably Jaina Island, Late Classical period, 7th-9th century. Ceramic and slip; overall: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2012.33", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Seated Lord with Removable Headdress", "creation_date": "600\u2013800", "creation_date_earliest": 600, "creation_date_latest": 800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mesoamerica, Maya, probably Jaina Island, Late Classical period, 7th-9th century"], "technique": "ceramic and slip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute (MWPI), Utica, New York (accession number 68.76)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968-2000", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Private Collector, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2000-2012", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2012-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "It is estimated that some 20,000 people were buried on the tiny island of Jaina over a 500-year period.", "description": "The major Maya grave offerings on Jaina Island were ceramic figurines that depict deities and humans in a variety of roles. 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Tiny black figures, some apparently carrying and shooting guns, are engulfed in a vortex of burning, collapsing buildings, perhaps alluding to the potential obliteration of cities and countries, even the social structures of Western Civilization. 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With its expressive form and brilliant golden iridescence, this vase represents the finest work produced by the Queens, New York, company in the Art Nouveau style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84279448"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.244-jack-in-the-pulpit-v"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "No publication history", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.244", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.244/2019.244_web.jpg", "width": "684", "height": "900", "filesize": "161788", "filename": "2019.244_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.244/2019.244_print.jpg", "width": "2585", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1154338", "filename": "2019.244_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.244/2019.244_full.tif", "width": "7589", "height": "9980", "filesize": "227239756", "filename": "2019.244_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.244/2019.244_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "900", "filesize": "161386"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.244/2019.244_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2696", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1023390"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.244/2019.244_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7546", "height": "9517", "filesize": "215470788"}, "date_created": "2019-11-25T18:08:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.244/2019.244_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "847", "height": "900", "filesize": "308640"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.244/2019.244_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3199", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2479078"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.244/2019.244_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3249", "height": "3453", "filesize": "33685580"}, "date_created": "2019-11-25T19:30:13", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of June Greenwald", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 370537, "creators": [{"id": 16855, "description": "Quezal Art Glass and Decorating Company (American, 1901\u20131924)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Founded by Martin Bach, Sr., who had been the first chemist and batch maker for Louis Comfort Tiffany at the Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company, the Quezal Art Glass and Decorating Company was established in Queens, New York, in 1901, and took its name from the multi-colored quetzal bird of central America. Because of his experience working with Tiffany, Bach produced glass that imitated the Tiffany signature \"Favrile\" iridescent glass, thereby pitting him against Tiffany in a bitter rivalry that lasted until Quezal's final demise around 1924.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2019-12-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1900\u20131920", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:57:28.655000"}, {"id": 159840, "accession_number": "1997.151", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Siddhartha at the Bodhi Tree, 100s\u2013200s CE. Pakistan, Gandhara. Schist; overall: 73.7 x 57.2 cm (29 x 22 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1997.151", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Siddhartha at the Bodhi Tree", "creation_date": "100s\u2013200s CE", "creation_date_earliest": 100, "creation_date_latest": 299, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Pakistan, Gandhara"], "technique": "schist", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Gandhara", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 73.7 x 57.2 cm (29 x 22 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.737, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.572, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Bodhicitta, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131997", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The tree under which the Buddha reached enlightenment marks the center of the composition. It had been under worship by local villagers, for it was known to be the residence of a nature divinity, who here emerges from the tree and altar to praise the Buddha. The altar itself is covered with kusha grass used in the context of sacrificial offerings. At the base of the altar, the earth goddess has risen from the ground and kneels before him in reverence.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758173"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.151-siddhartha-at-the-bo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kurita, Isao \u6817\u7530\u529f. <em>Gandha\u0304ran art </em>[\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0-\u30e9\u7f8e\u8853 = Ganda\u0304ra bijutsu]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nigensha, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 113, fig. 218", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor African Sculpture, Recent Mark Tansey Painting, and Other Works of Art Enter CMA Collection,\u201d September 16, 1997, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4152"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \u201cEast Meets West\u201d, <em>Members Magazine</em>, Cleveland Museum of Art, May 1998.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1998-05/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 201", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sengupta, Arputha Rani. <em>Buddhist Jewels in Mortuary Cult: Magic Symbols</em>. <br>Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. 2, P. 314, fig. 6.27; mentioned: vol. 2, P. 315-316", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.151", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.151/1997.151_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "413476", "filename": "1997.151_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.151/1997.151_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1737837", "filename": "1997.151_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.151/1997.151_full.tif", "width": "3806", "height": "4758", "filesize": "54349480", "filename": "1997.151_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159840, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-09-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "100s\u2013200s CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Temptation of Buddha by Mara and his Daughters"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:17:28.617000"}, {"id": 123434, "accession_number": "1943.658.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon (verso), from a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), known as the Great Mongol Shahnama, 1330\u201335. Iran, Tabriz, Ilkhanid period (1256-1353). Opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper; sheet: 45.8 x 34.4 cm (18 1/16 x 13 9/16 in.); image: 19.5 x 29.5 cm (7 11/16 x 11 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1943.658.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon (verso), from a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), known as the Great Mongol Shahnama", "creation_date": "1330\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1330, "creation_date_latest": 1335, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Tabriz, Ilkhanid period (1256-1353)"], "technique": "opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Sheet: 45.8 x 34.4 cm (18 1/16 x 13 9/16 in.); Image: 19.5 x 29.5 cm (7 11/16 x 11 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.458, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.344, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "image": {"height": 0.195, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.295, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Script: Naskh", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "Title heading, in gold outlined in black on a ground with red dots: \"Bahram-e Gur kills the dragon.\"", "inscription_remark": "The relevant couplet is the last one on the penultimate line before the image (line 9): \"He then pulled out a dagger and tore out its chest.\"", "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517994, "title": "The Classical Style in Islamic Painting", "description": "<i>The Classical Style in Islamic Painting</i>. The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 1, 1968-January 4, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443710, "title": "Persian Miniature Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Persian Miniature Manuscripts</i>. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 206288, "title": "The Legacy of Genghis Khan:  Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353", "description": "<i>The Legacy of Genghis Khan:  Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 28, 2002-February 16, 2003); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (April 13-July 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-10-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 380961, "title": "Islamic art rotation", "description": "<i>Islamic art rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 2013-December 15, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 380565, "title": "An Epic of Kings: The Great Mongol Shahnama", "description": "<i>An Epic of Kings: The Great Mongol Shahnama</i>. National Museum of Asian Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (September 21, 2024-January 12, 2025) https://asia.si.edu/whats-on/exhibitions/mongol-shahnama/.", "opening_date": "2024-09-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Persian Art</em>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (January 7-February 28, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-07T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination.</em> Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (October 9, 1933-January 7, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-10-09T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Persian Art</em>. Iranian Institute, New York, NY (1940).", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (December 15, 1955-February 19, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-12-15T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Persian Art</em>. Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Rome, Italy (May-October 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic Art Exhibition</em>. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (April 9-May 17, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-09T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>7000 Ans d'art en Iran</em>. Petit Palais, Paris, France (October-November 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-10-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Muslim Miniature Paintings from American Collections</em>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy; Asia House, New York, NY (September 1962-February 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Imperial Images in Persian Painting</em>. The Scottish Arts Council, Edinburgh, Scotland (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Gallery Rotation (gallery 116)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 30, 2018\u2013January 4, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-10-30T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Georges Demotte [1877\u20131923], New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1910\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Wells", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers [1867\u20131943], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1943", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131943", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The monumental <em>Great Mongol Shahnama</em> was commissioned by a ruler of the Ilkhanid dynasty, which governed the southwestern part of the Mongol Empire.", "description": "In this intense painting, Bahram Gur plunges his sword into the breast of a dragon. A favorite character from Iran's pre-Islamic history, Bahram Gur (reigned 420\u201338 CE) was a popular ruler of the Sasanian dynasty and a great hunter. He took the name \"Gur,\" meaning <em>onager </em>(a wild ass), because it was his preferred game, although he also excelled at killing dragons. <br><br>As evidenced by this illustration's rock formations, tree trunk, and dragon, Iranian painting in the Mongol period borrowed numerous stylistic and spatial elements from Chinese models. With the surging landscape and writhing dragon rendered with equal energy, this is a picture of extraordinary unity and concentration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900643"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.658.b-bahram-gur-slays-a-d"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Watson, Arnold Talbot and Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). <em>Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Persian Art; Patrons: His Majesty the King, His Majesty Riza\u0304 Sha\u0304H Pahlavi. 7th January to 28th February, 1931, Royal Academy of Arts, London</em>. 1st ed. London: Office of the Exhibition [Printed by Gee &amp; Co.], 1931.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Erdman, Kurt. \"La Mostra d'arte Persiana a Londra.\"<em> Dedalo</em> XI (April 1931).", "page_number": "p. 826", "url": null}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain), Laurence Binyon, Basil Gray, and J. V. S. Wilkinson. <em>Persian Miniature Painting. Including a Critical and Descriptive Catalogue of the Miniatures Exhibited at Burlington House, January-March, 1931</em>. London: Oxford University Press, 1933.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Dimand, Maurice Sven. <em>A Guide to an Exhibition of Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1933.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lorey, E. de. \"\"L'Ecole de Tabriz.\" <em>Revue des Arts Asiatiques</em> I (1935).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Eric. \"Ahmed Musa and Shams al-Din: A Review of Fourteenth Century Painting.\" <em>Ars Islamica </em>VI, pt 2 (1939).", "page_number": "132\u2013133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ackerman, Phyllis. <em>Guide to the Exhibition of Persian Art : ... New York, 1940</em>. New York: The Iranian Institute, 1940.", "page_number": "246", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parke-Bernet Galleries. <em>French XVIII Century Furniture, Paintings, Drawings, Etc., Collection of Grace Rainey Rogers 1943/11/18-20</em>. [N.Y.]: [Parke-Bernet galleries, Inc., auctioneers], 1943.", "page_number": "140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dimand, M.S. \"An Exhibition of Islamic and Indian Paintings.\" <em>Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art</em> XIV (Dec. 1955).", "page_number": "p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Roma). M<em>ostra D'arte Iranica: Catalogo, Palazzo Brancaccio, Roma, Giugno-Agosto 1956</em> [= Exhibition of Iranian Art : Catalogue, Palazzo Brancaccio, Roma, June-August 1956]. Milano: Silvana editoriale d'arte, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 720", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n131"}, {"citation": "<em>Persian Art Before And After the Mongol Conquest.: [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959. the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor</em>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 148, p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg and University of Michigan. <em>Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959, the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor</em>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sept mille ans d'art en Iran: [exposition], Petit Palais, octobre 1961-janvier 1962</em>. Paris: Petit Palais, 1962.", "page_number": "192", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n245"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n245"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 278", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n298"}, {"citation": "Rosenzweig, Daphne Lange. \"Stalking the Persian Dragon: Chinese Prototypes for Miniature Representations.\" <em>Kunst des Orients</em> XII 1/2 (1978-1979).", "page_number": "pp. 151\u2013176", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg, and Sheila Blair. <em>Epic Images and Contemporary History: The Illustrations of the Great Mongol Shahnama</em>. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1980.", "page_number": "pp. 154\u2013155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williams, Marjorie. \"Dragons, Porcelains and Demons: Cultural Exchange Between China and Persia.\" <em>Orientations</em> vol. 18 no. 8 (August 1986).", "page_number": "p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lentz, Thomas W., Glenn D. Lowry, and Gerlach Collection. <em>Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century</em>. Los Angeles, Washington, DC: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni. <em>The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "pp. 257 and 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni, eds. <em>The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press [distributor], 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat no. 56, p. 257, fig. 187, p. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curatola, Giovanni, and Gianroberto Scarcia.<em> Iran: l'arte persiana</em>. Milano: Jaca Book, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig.162, pp. 198\u2013199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curatola, Giovanni, and Gianroberto Scarcia. <em>Iran: l'arte persiana</em>. Milano: Jaca Book, 2004.", "page_number": "pp. 198\u2013199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hagedorn, Annette, and Norbert Wolf.<em> Islamic Art.</em> Hong Kong: Taschen, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 16, p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. \"Color in the Great Mongol Shahnama.\" In<em> Manuscripts in the Making: Art &amp; Science.</em> Stella Panayotova and Paola Ricciardi. London; Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 217; ill. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coffey, Heather. \"Collapsing Geography and Orientalizing Pigment in a Fourteenth-Century Chromoshpere: Italian Painting and Ilkhanid Ceramics.\" In <em>The Seas and the Mobility of Islamic Art. </em>Radha Dalal, Sean E. Roberts, and Jochen A. Sokoly eds., 38\u201353. Biennial Hamad bin Khalifa Symposium on Islamic Art and Culture, 2021. New Haven: Yale University Press; [Ar-Rayyan, Qatar]: in association with Qatar Foundation; [Richmond, Virginia]: Virginia Commonwealth University; [Education City, Doha, Qatar]: and Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts in Qatar, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 47, fig. 2.5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. <em>The Great Mongol Shahnama</em>. London, Washington, DC, New Haven, CT: Hali Publications Ltd.; Freer Gallery of Art: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, the Smithsonian\u2019s National Museum of Asian Art; Published in association with Yale University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: painting 49", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.658.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.b/1943.658.b_web.jpg", "width": "685", "height": "900", "filesize": "373009", "filename": "1943.658.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.b/1943.658.b_print.jpg", "width": "2586", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4824223", "filename": "1943.658.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.b/1943.658.b_full.tif", "width": "9397", "height": "12354", "filesize": "348303756", "filename": "1943.658.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.b/1943.658.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "682", "height": "900", "filesize": 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"2009-07-15T16:20:11", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123434, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1330, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1330\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1943.658", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon, from The Shahnama by Firdausi, known as the Demotte Shahnama (verso)", "Illustration from a Manuscript of the Shahnamah of Firdawsi: Bahram Gur Slays a Dragon"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:21:10.956000"}, {"id": 111689, "accession_number": "1930.218", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Flirtatious Type, from Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women (\u5a66\u4eba\u76f8\u5b66\u5341\u8eb0\u6d6e\u6c17\u4e4b\u76f8), c. 1793. Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, c. 1754\u20131806). Color woodblock print; 36.9 x 25.4 cm (14 1/2 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore, 1930.218", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "The Flirtatious Type, from Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women", "title_in_original_language": "\u5a66\u4eba\u76f8\u5b66\u5341\u8eb0\u6d6e\u6c17\u4e4b\u76f8", "creation_date": "c. 1793", "creation_date_earliest": 1788, "creation_date_latest": 1798, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "36.9 x 25.4 cm (14 1/2 x 10 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.369, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.254, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5a66\u4eba\u76f8\u5b66\u5341\u8eb0\uff0f\u76f8\u898b\u3000\u6b4c\u9ebf\u753b\u3000\u6975\uff0f\u8526\u5c4b \u91cd\u4e09\u90ce\u306e\u5c4b\u53f7", "inscription_translation": "Titled: Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women; signed: Physiognomy and design by Utamaro; censor's seal kiwame; published: Emblem of Tsutaya J\u016bzabur\u014d", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "<i>Japanese Decorative Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301790, "title": "Ukiyo-e: Floating World", "description": "<i>Ukiyo-e: Floating World</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 11-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309857, "title": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking", "description": "<i>Transformations in Japanese Printmaking</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25-December 30, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (December 12, 2004-April 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Murata Kinbei \u6751\u7530\u91d1\u5175\u885b, Kanagawa-ken, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u2013September 21, 1917", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Yamanaka & Co.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917\u2013?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward L. Whittemore, [1862\u20131930], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Only two impressions from this series have pink mica.", "description": "Kitagawa Utamaro was well known for his close-up portraits that belonged to a genre, or category, of images called <em>bijinga</em> (pictures of beautiful people). This print is from a series that invites comparisons of the attractiveness of different figures. It comes from a series that assigns personality traits to women based on their physical appearance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80004102"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.218-the-faddish-type-fro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard C. \u201cThe Edward Loder Whittemore Collection of Japanese Prints.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 4 (1930): 64\u201366.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137291"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Japanese Decorative Style.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108; cat. no. 117", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n127"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. no. 647, p. 488", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. no. 647, p. 488", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hane, Mikiso. <em>Japan: A Historical Survey</em>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 206", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. <em>Japanese Culture; a Short History</em>. New York: Praeger, 1973.", "page_number": "fig. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. <em>Japanese Culture: A Short History</em>. New York: Praeger, 1977.", "page_number": "fig. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 388", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n408"}, {"citation": "Chung, Young Yang. <em>The Art of Oriental Embroidery: History, Aesthetics, and Techniques</em>. New York: Scribner, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153, fig. 8-3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Varley, H. Paul. <em>Japanese Culture</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 199\u2013201, fig. 58", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.218", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_web.jpg", "width": "602", "height": "900", "filesize": "231246", "filename": "1930.218_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_print.jpg", "width": "2274", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3412766", "filename": "1930.218_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_full.tif", "width": "8042", "height": "12022", "filesize": "290073412", "filename": "1930.218_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "900", "filesize": "183450"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2285", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2301831"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5137", "height": "7643", "filesize": "117815660"}, "date_created": "2014-07-24T10:49:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "581", "height": "893", "filesize": "413584"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2213", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5086558"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.218/1930.218_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3254", "height": "5000", "filesize": "48837732"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Edward L. Whittemore", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111689, "creators": [{"id": 23355, "description": "Kitagawa Utamaro (Japanese, c. 1754\u20131806)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u559c\u591a\u5ddd \u6b4c\u9ebf", "birth_year": "1754", "death_year": "1806", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-05-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1788, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1793", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Inconstant Type, from the series Studies in Physiognomy: Ten Kinds of Women", "Woman Drying Her Hands (from the series Ten Aspects of the Physiognomy of Women)", "Woman drying her hands", "The Faddish Type from the series Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women", "The Flirtatious Type from the series Ten Types in the Physiognomy of Women"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:54:52.756000"}, {"id": 114975, "accession_number": "1935.147", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Enthroned planetary deity, 850\u201375. Central Vietnam (Champa), Quang Nam province, Dong Duong monastery. Sandstone; overall: 86.5 x 37.5 cm (34 1/16 x 14 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1935.147", "current_location": "243 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Enthroned planetary deity", "creation_date": "850\u201375", "creation_date_earliest": 850, "creation_date_latest": 875, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Central Vietnam (Champa), Quang Nam province, Dong Duong monastery"], "technique": "Sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Southeast Asian", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 86.5 x 37.5 cm (34 1/16 x 14 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.865, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.375, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207458, "title": "Lost Kingdoms of Early Southeast Asia: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture 5th to 8th Century", "description": "<i>Lost Kingdoms of Early Southeast Asia: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture 5th to 8th Century</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 14-July 27, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-04-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 676976, "title": "Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d", "description": "<i>Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 12, 2024-November 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Paul Mallon [1884\u20131975], Paris, France and New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sanskrit dedicatory inscriptions show that the temple and monastery complex at Dong Duong founded in 875.", "description": "Enthroned Planetary Deity is a powerful presence about three feet tall, made of a light-colored sandstone. He is a personification of one of the nine planets that protected a Buddhist temple; the short dagger in his left hand along with the mustache and stylized furrowed brow refer to his role as a fierce protector. His posture is that of royal ease, and his crown, massive earrings, and throne also mark him as a king of the heavens. The mark on his forehead refers to his association with enlightened beings. The meaning of a planetary deity as a guardian pertains to the consecration of the temple at a time when the planets were correctly aligned with the stars, so that the site and devotees will be protected from misfortune. The \u201cface of glory\u201d (<em>kirtimukha</em>) on the carved relief panel in front of his pedestal is an image pertaining to the creative energy (<em>shakti</em>) that is emitted from the temple itself; it spits jewels and vegetal motifs that connote abundance and prosperity that will accrue to the worshipers who come to the temple. <br><br>This sculpture is one of the rare surviving examples from the Cham culture of central and southern Vietnam. It is documented to have come from the Dong Duong monastery, dedicated to Mahayana Buddhism.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747486"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.147-enthroned-planetary"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"A Cham Sculpture.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>22, no. 8 (October 1935): 127-129", "page_number": "Reproduced: front and inside cover; Mentioned: p. 128", "url": "jstor.org/stable/25137716"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91; Reproduced: p. 102", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 793", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n141"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 243", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n267"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 243", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n267"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 320", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n340"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 166\u2013167", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eilenberg, Natasha and Robert L. Brown. \"The Sculptures.\" <em>Socie\u0301te\u0301 des Amis du Champa Ancien</em>, no. 6, December 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  p. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baptiste, Pierre, et. al. <em>Missions arche\u0301ologiques franc\u0327aises au Vietnam: les monuments du Champa : photographies et itine\u0301raires, 1902-1904</em>. Paris: Indes savantes, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 116, no. 82", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guy, John, et al. <em>Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia</em>. New York, N.Y.: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 248\u2013249, cat. no. 155", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.147", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.147/1935.147_web.jpg", "width": "558", "height": "893", "filesize": "272967", "filename": "1935.147_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.147/1935.147_print.jpg", "width": "2125", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3783709", "filename": "1935.147_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.147/1935.147_full.tif", "width": "3125", "height": "5000", "filesize": "46907416", "filename": "1935.147_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.147/1935.147_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "567", "height": "893", "filesize": "263807"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.147/1935.147_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2160", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3547159"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.147/1935.147_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3177", "height": "5000", "filesize": "47687672"}, "date_created": "2006-06-01T19:02:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.147/1935.147_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "551", "height": "893", "filesize": "253744"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.147/1935.147_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2098", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3614976"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.147/1935.147_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3086", "height": "5000", "filesize": "46320836"}, "date_created": "2006-06-01T19:33:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Edward L. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.82", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Mary Wise", "creation_date": "c. 1774", "creation_date_earliest": 1773, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 76.2 x 63.6 cm (30 x 25 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.762, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.636, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 708877, "title": "Masterworks from Giotto to the Impressionists", "description": "<i>Masterworks from Giotto to the Impressionists</i>. Flint Institute of Arts, Flint, MI (organizer) (October 4-30, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-10-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 700140, "title": "Montgomery Arts Festival", "description": "<i>Montgomery Arts Festival</i>. Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, Montgomery, AL (organizer) (April 29-May 13, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-04-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy, Burlington House, London, United Kingdom (1778).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Second National Exhibition, Woman and Child in Art</em>, Grosvenor Gallery, London, United Kingdom (1913-1914).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Henry Christopher Wise (n\u00e9e Mary Wathen) [born 1751] by descent to her great-granddaughter, Catherine Waller", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "around 1776-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Catherine [1804-1861] and Sir Thomas Wathen Waller, 2nd Bt [1805-1892], by descent to their grandson, Sir Francis Grant Waller", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1892", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sir Francis Grant Waller, 4th Bt, sold to Agnew", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1892-1910", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Agnew, London, sold to Duveen)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->purchased by Agnew on May 11, 1910</div>"], "date": "1910", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Duveen, through Romer Williams)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->purchased by Duveen through Romer Williams on June 2, 1910</div>"], "date": "1910", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(F. Kleinberger Galleries, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Duveen)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1913", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Elizabeth Severance Prentiss Allen [1865-1944], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed by her to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1944", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The portrait shows Mary in her twenties, with her hair powdered fashionably grey.", "description": "Mary\u2019s modest and contemplative demeanor is a counterpoint to a rather elaborate ensemble consisting of a gown embroidered with gold flower sprigs, trimmed with lace and pearls, and tied with a gold sash, as well as a gold-striped veil and a bracelet with eight gold bands. Gainsborough\u2019s compact oval format and the sitter\u2019s informal pose lend this portrait an air of intimacy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515029"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.82-portrait-of-mary-wis"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<div><!--block-->Belsey, Hugh. <em>Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019. p. 884-885.</div>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gainsborough, Thomas. <em>Portrait of Mrs. Wise by Thomas Gainsborough, R.A., 1727-1788.</em> Paris, France, New York, NY: F. Kleinberger Galleries, [date of publication not identified].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Graves, Algernon. <em>The Royal Academy of Arts; A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from Its Foundation in 1769 to 1904</em>. London, United Kingdom: H. Graves and Co, 1905.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192, vol. III", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [20], Plate VIII, cat. no. 5; Mentioned: p. 22, cat. no. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis K. \"Preliminary Check List of Portraits by Thomas Gainsborough.\" <em>The Walpole Society</em>, XXXIII (1948-1950)", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Waterhouse, Ellis Kirkham. <em>Gainsborough</em>. London, United Kingdom: E. Hulton, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96, no. 729", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 187-189; Reproduced: p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Whitley, William T. <em>Thomas Gainsboroug</em>h. London: Unicorn, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Belsey, Hugh. <em>Thomas Gainsborough: The Portraits, Fancy Pictures and Copies After Old Masters</em>. New Haven : Published for the Paul mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 884-886, cat. 956", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Paintings in the Pretiss Bequest.\"<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> XXXI, no. 6 (June, 1944): 87-89.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.82", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.82/1944.82_web.jpg", "width": "739", "height": "893", "filesize": "445135", "filename": "1944.82_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.82/1944.82_print.jpg", "width": "2815", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6692542", "filename": "1944.82_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.82/1944.82_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "4974", "filesize": "61486952", "filename": "1944.82_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 124080, "creators": [{"id": 1313, "description": "Thomas Gainsborough (British, 1727\u20131788)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1788", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1773, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1774", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mary Wise", "Portrait of Mrs. Wise"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:47.103000"}, {"id": 137127, "accession_number": "1961.92", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Plate with Relief Dragon among Clouds, 1300s. China, Zhejiang province, Longquan region, Yuan dynasty (1271-1368). Porcelaneous stoneware with celadon glaze and molded decoration; diameter: 43.2 cm (17 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1961.92", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Plate with Relief Dragon among Clouds", "creation_date": "1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1399, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Zhejiang province, Longquan region, Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)"], "technique": "porcelaneous stoneware with celadon glaze and molded decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Yuan Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 43.2 cm (17 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.432, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301272, "title": "Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yuan Dynasty (1279\u20131368)", "description": "<i>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yuan Dynasty (1279\u20131368)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2-November 24, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310291, "title": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia", "description": "<i>Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 206288, "title": "The Legacy of Genghis Khan:  Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353", "description": "<i>The Legacy of Genghis Khan:  Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia 1256-1353</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 28, 2002-February 16, 2003); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (April 13-July 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-10-28T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Shohei Tanimura; \"Sho-so-an,\" Kanazawa City, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Kanazawa Art Club, Kanazawa City, Japan, \"Sale of Sho-so-an Collection,\" December 14, 1935 sale, lot no. 141);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 14, 1935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Mayuyama & Co., Tokyo, Japan sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u2013May 1, 1961", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 1, 1961\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In front of the dragon's mouth is a flaming pearl, a symbol often associated with dragons from this time.", "description": "In the center of this plate a majestic coiled dragon is surrounded by clouds, a wave pattern, and five-petaled rosettes around the rim. In front of the dragon's mouth is a flaming pearl, a symbol often associated with dragons from this time. The plate achieves distinctive visual contrasts with green glaze and brown, and its main decorative motifs are raised.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747311"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.92-plate-with-relief-dr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review 1961.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 9 (1961): 219\u201351.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 43, p. 249; Reproduced: no. 43, p. 229", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142473"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cJanus in Limbo.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 1 (January 1963): 3\u20136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: pp. 2 and 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151927"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 399, fig. 525", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n284"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 82", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n284"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 345", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n365"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 117, no. 121", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 8 (October 1990): 286-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 16, p. 316", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni. <em>The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press [distributor], 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110, fig. 128, cat. no. 191; Mentioned: p. 285, cat. no. 191", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.92", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_web.jpg", "width": "898", "height": "893", "filesize": "506647", "filename": "1961.92_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3382", "filesize": "5934513", "filename": "1961.92_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4973", "filesize": "74610856", "filename": "1961.92_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1013", "height": "893", "filesize": "118211"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2997", "filesize": "1179871"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6216", "height": "5480", "filesize": "102217960"}, "date_created": "2012-09-19T13:47:32", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "684", "filesize": "61699"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1842", "filesize": "374641"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5280", "height": "2861", "filesize": "45341548"}, "date_created": "2012-09-19T14:18:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "898", "height": "893", "filesize": "506211"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3382", "filesize": "5727286"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.92/1961.92_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4973", "filesize": "74634964"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. 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Wade Fund, 1929.998", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Portrait Head of Emperor Vespasian, Recut from Head of Nero", "creation_date": "64\u201379 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 64, "creation_date_latest": 79, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 40 x 21.6 x 24.9 cm (15 3/4 x 8 1/2 x 9 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.4, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.216, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.249, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 222059, "title": "From Caligula to Constantine: Tyranny and Transformation in Roman Portraiture", "description": "<i>From Caligula to Constantine: Tyranny and Transformation in Roman Portraiture</i>. Michael C. Carlos Museum, Atlanta, GA (organizer) (September 16, 2000-January 7, 2001); Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (January 30-March 25, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-09-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518465, "title": "Wonder and Wakefulness: The Nature of Pliny the Elder", "description": "<i>Wonder and Wakefulness: The Nature of Pliny the Elder</i>. Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Ithaca, NY (organizer) (January 21-June 12, 2023) https://museum.cornell.edu/exhibitions/wonder-and-wakefulness-nature-pliny-elder.", "opening_date": "2023-01-21T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Atlanta, GA: (9/16/00-1/7/01) Michael C. Carolos Museum, Emory University and New Haven, CT: (1/31-3/25/01) Yale University Art Gallery \"From Caligula to Constantine: Tyranny &amp; Transformation in Roman Portraiture\" exh. cat. no. 27, pp 136-139.", "opening_date": "2000-09-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Piero Tozzi Gallery, Florence, Italy, sold to Brummer Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1928", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Brummer Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 110924, "description": "Togatus Figure, 1\u2013200 CE. Italy, Roman. Pentelic marble; overall: 167.7 x 63.5 x 40.6 cm (66 x 25 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1929.439", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["1929.439a", "1929.439.2"], "did_you_know": "Originally a portrait of Emperor Nero, this head was recarved after his <em>damnatio memoriae</em> (condemnation of memory).", "description": "Although this portrait head was designed to fit into a statue of a body, it did not originally belong with the <a href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1929.439\">togate body</a> that held it when purchased by the museum in 1929. In 1973, the two were separated, and the body is now in storage. The head itself was recarved in antiquity, from a likeness of Nero to one of Vespasian, following the <em>damnatio memoriae</em> (condemnation of memory) of the former. A line at the back of head shows clearly where the long hair of Nero has been shortened, while other Neronian features, such as a receding lower lip, remain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741531"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.998-portrait-head-of-emp"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Platt, Verity. \u201cReassessing Pliny the Elder at 2000.\u201d In <em>Wonder and Wakefulness: The Nature of Pliny the Elder</em>, edited by Verity Platt and Andrew C. Weislogel, pp.15, 21. Ithaca: Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, 2024.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "R. H. \"The Portrait of a Roman Statesman.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 8 (1929): 139-41.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137236"}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Gets Roman Statue\" <em>ARTnews</em>. [New York, etc.] (October 19, 1929).", "page_number": "pp. 1, 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Roman Honesty\" Art Digest. [New York] (Mid October 1929).", "page_number": "p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margaret. 1944. \u201cRoman Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 32: 65-83.", "page_number": "Reproduced in Fig. 11 (then attached to the togate statue 1929.439).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margarete. \"Roman Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Art in America </em>(April 1944).", "page_number": "pp. 77, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 40 (then attached to the togate statue 1929.439).", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n22"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; p. 11-12; Plate 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n15"}, {"citation": "Pollini, John. \"Damnatio Memoriae in Stone: Two Portraits of Nero Recut to Vespasian in American Museums.\" <em>American Journal of Archaeology</em> 88, no. 4 (1984): 547-55.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/504743"}, {"citation": "Varner, Eric R., and Sheramy D. Bundrick. <em>From Caligula to Constantine: Tyranny &amp; Transformation in Roman Portraiture.</em> Atlanta: Michael C. Carlos Museum, 2000.", "page_number": "Pp. 136-139 (Cat. 27).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Varner, Eric R. <em>Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture.</em> Leiden: Brill, 2004.", "page_number": "Pp. 53, 241, Fig. 49a-e (Cat. 2.17).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pollini, John. \"Recutting Roman Portraits: Problems in Interpretation and the New Technology in Finding Possible Solutions,\" in <em>The Good, the Bad, and the Altered: Toward a Method of Identifying Recut and Typologically Irregular Roman Imperial Portraits</em>. Edited by Gregory S. Bucher, et al. 23-44. Rome: American Academy in Rome, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32-33, Reproduced: p. 75, figs 21a-e.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mercha\u0301n Garci\u0301a, Mari\u0301a Jose\u0301. <em>E\u0301cija: (Provincia de Sevilla, Hispania Ulterior Baetica). Thesis (Revised).</em> Sevilla: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla; Tarragona: ICAC, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Arqueologia Cl\u00e0ssica, 2015. p. 107", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prusac, Marina.<em> From Face to Face: Recarving of Roman Portraits and the Late-Antique Portrait Arts</em>. Second, revised edition. <em>Monumenta Graeca et Romana, Volume 18.</em> Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2016.", "page_number": "P. 134, cat. 67.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Platt, Verity J., Andrew Weislogel, and Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art. Wonder and Wakefulness : The Nature of Pliny the Elder. Ithaca, New York: Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 21-23, no. 2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.998", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_web.jpg", "width": "626", "height": "893", "filesize": "269874", "filename": "1929.998_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_print.jpg", "width": "2385", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3857366", "filename": "1929.998_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_full.tif", "width": "4274", "height": "6093", "filesize": "78154248", "filename": "1929.998_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "642", "height": "893", "filesize": "294040"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2444", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4532471"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4252", "height": "5915", "filesize": "75481832"}, "date_created": "2009-03-20T18:37:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "644", "height": "893", "filesize": "293107"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2453", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4532518"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4238", "height": "5874", "filesize": "74711992"}, "date_created": "2009-03-20T18:52:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "634", "height": "893", "filesize": "316808"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2414", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4912920"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4055", "height": "5712", "filesize": "69516860"}, "date_created": "2009-03-20T19:19:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "319340"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2542", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4210866"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt3_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "893", "filesize": "332190"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2565", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4360607"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.998/1929.998_alt4_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "359e48ed821544fe8cf22c3c5dbbff9d", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/359e48ed821544fe8cf22c3c5dbbff9d", "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 111518, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-05-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 64, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "64\u201379 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:12.424000"}, {"id": 156294, "accession_number": "1992.128", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Pine Tree, 1931. Arthur Dove (American, 1880\u20131946). Oil on canvas; framed: 90.2 x 116.8 x 5.7 cm (35 1/2 x 46 x 2 1/4 in.); unframed: 76.4 x 101.6 cm (30 1/16 x 40 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1992.128", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "Pine Tree", "creation_date": "1931", "creation_date_earliest": 1931, "creation_date_latest": 1931, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 90.2 x 116.8 x 5.7 cm (35 1/2 x 46 x 2 1/4 in.); Unframed: 76.4 x 101.6 cm (30 1/16 x 40 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.902, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.168, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.057, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.764, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.016, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower center: \"dove\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311552, "title": "Selected Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Selected Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 9-April 11, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-02-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 213886, "title": "Arthur Dove:  A Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>Arthur Dove:  A Retrospective Exhibition</i>. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (organizer) (September 20, 1997-January 4, 1998); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (January 15-April 12, 1998); Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, MA (April 24-July 14, 1998); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (August 2-October 4, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-09-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227084, "title": "Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Made in U.S.A., l'art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1943, entre nationalisme et internationalisme [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (organizer) (October 5-December 31, 2001); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (January 17-March 31, 2002); Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (April 10-June 25, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-05T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, An American Place, Arthur G. Dove Exhibition (14 March-9 April 1932), see photocopies of handwritten catalogue, listed there as no. 1.", "opening_date": "1932-03-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1992-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Terry Dintenfass Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1992", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Patricia Baum, New York, NY, consigned to the Terry Dintenfass Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1992", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Nathaly Baum [1914-1986], Washington, D.C., by inheritance to her daughter, Patricia Baum", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970-1992", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(An American Place, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1932", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Dove loved nature, preferring to live on houseboats rather than in the heart of the city.", "description": "Arthur Dove\u2019s love of nature deeply informed his work. As evident in <em>Pine Tree</em>, he rendered his subjects through abstracted form, rather than literal description. Here, the artist reconfigured the tree\u2019s gnarled branches as rhythmically undulating shapes, and transformed its spiky needles into playfully jagged outlines. Most dramatically, three male pine cones, laden with pollen, appear as flame-like bursts.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476792"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "American Place (Gallery). <em>Arthur G. Dove Exhibition</em>. New York: An American Place, 1932. &lt;http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/u?/p16028coll4,19337&gt;.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Balken, Deborah Bricker. <em>Arthur Dove: A Catalogue Raisonne of Paintings and Things</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned P. 176 and 331. Illustrated P. 176.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jewell, Edward Alden. \"Dove's New Work Shown.\" <em>The New York Times,</em> March 18, 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"An Artist's Coming of Age: Arthur G. Dove Exhibit Shows Artistic Advance.\" <em>The Springfield Sunday Union and Republican</em>, March 20, 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. E6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morgan, Ann Lee. <em>Arthur Dove: Life and Work with a Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9. </em>Newark: University of Delaware, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in The Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan. \"The Year in Review for 1992.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art </em>80, no. 2(February, 1993).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42, no. 33; Mentioned: p. 42, 66", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "\"1993 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (1994): 143-218.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 155", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Updike, John. <em>Still Looking: Essays on American Art. </em>New York: Knopf, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "McDonald, Gerry. \"A Tribute.\" In <em>Silver Apples of the Moon, </em>edited by Neal Chandler. Shaker Heights, OH: Shaker Heights Public Library, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42; Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American Art? A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12, 126; Reproduced: p. 126-27.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom. \"The Hinson Perspective.\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 51, no. 4 (July/August, 2011)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Balken, Debra Bricker, William C. Agee, and Elizabeth Hutton Turner. <em>Arthur Dove: A Retrospective</em>. Andover, MA: Addison Gallery of American Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4, 29; Reproduced: cover/jacket, p. 91, no. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chassey, Eric de. <em>Made in USA : l\u2019art am\u00e9ricain, 1908-1947</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1992.128", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. Robert B. Benyo Trust Gallery", "athena_id": 156294, "creators": [{"id": 3134, "description": "Arthur Dove (American, 1880\u20131946)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1880", "death_year": "1946", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1992-10-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1931, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1931", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:40.139000"}, {"id": 127573, "accession_number": "1950.252", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Bearded Man Wearing a Hat, c. 1655\u201360. Studio of Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669). Oil on canvas; framed: 119.4 x 104.1 x 14.6 cm (47 x 41 x 5 3/4 in.); unframed: 84.5 x 69.2 cm (33 1/4 x 27 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1950.252", "current_location": null, "title": "A Bearded Man Wearing a Hat", "creation_date": "c. 1655\u201360", "creation_date_earliest": 1655, "creation_date_latest": 1660, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 119.4 x 104.1 x 14.6 cm (47 x 41 x 5 3/4 in.); Unframed: 84.5 x 69.2 cm (33 1/4 x 27 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.194, "height_inch": 47, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.041, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.146, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.845, "height_inch": 33, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.692, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed above shoulder at right: \"Rembrandt 16[?]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300448, "title": "Dutch Painting, The Golden Age", "description": "<i>Dutch Painting, The Golden Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 27, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301217, "title": "The Scholar in Art", "description": "<i>The Scholar in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 19-28, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177089, "title": "Study purposes for Rembrandt exhibition in May 2002", "description": "<i>Study purposes for Rembrandt exhibition in May 2002</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2000-03-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177082, "title": "Study purposes/The Apostle Paul", "description": "<i>Study purposes/The Apostle Paul</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (March 17, 2000-March 17, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 214325, "title": "Rembrandt in America", "description": "<i>Rembrandt in America</i>. North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (organizer) (October 30, 2011-January 22, 2012); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 19-May 28, 2012); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (June 24-September 16, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Royal Gallery, The Hague, 1908-9", "opening_date": "1908-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Special Loan Exhibition of Paintings by the Great Dutch Masters of the 17th Century, Galleries of Scott &amp; Fowles Co., New York, 1914, no. 13", "opening_date": "1914-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rembrandt and his Pupils, The North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, North Carolina, 1956, no. 28 (repr.)", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Trends in Paintings: 1600-1800, Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, 1957, p. 24, repr. p. 25.", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Masterpieces of Art: In Memory of William R. Valentiner 1880-1958, North Carolina Museum &#9;of Art, Raleigh, North Carolina, April 6- May 17, 1959, no. 74, p. 134, repr. p. 135.", "opening_date": "1959-04-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Style, Truth and the Portrait, The Cleveland Museum of Art, October 1-November 10, 1963, cat. no. 17 (repr.)", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "In Memoriam Leonard C. Hanna, Jr., The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958, no. 71.", "opening_date": "1958-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century, The Cleveland Museum of Art, July 10-Sept. 2, 1973 (no catalogue)", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "North Carolina Museum of Art (10/30/2011 - 1/22/2012), The Cleveland Museum of Art (2/19/2012 - 5/28/2012), and Minneapolis Institute of Arts (6/24/2012 - 9/16/2012):  \"Rembrandt Paintings in America: Collecting and Connoisseurship\"", "opening_date": "2011-10-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Paul Delaroff (St. Petersburg, Russia), 1906", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Thomas Agnew & Sons (London, England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Scott & Fowles (New York, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Otto H. Kahn (New York, New York), 1910, presented by his children to the Metropolitan Opera Association, New York, 1950;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Metropolitan Opera Association, sold through M. Knoedler & Co., (New York, New York), to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1950.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Amsterdam of the early 1600s was a religiously tolerant city, attracting many Jewish settlers of both Sephardic (Spanish and Portuguese) origin and Ashkenazic (Eastern European) descent. Rembrandt lived among both denominations and found inspiration in the manner and dress of the Ashkenazim, who maintained traditional comportment and attire and were less affluent than their Sephardim counterparts. As a result, many of the unidentified portraits from Rembrandt's late period once carried Jewish associations, but because of a lack of sufficient evidence, those assignations have since been reconsidered. Such is the case with <em>Portrait of a Man</em>, which was once considered a portrait of the Dutch Jewish philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632\u20131677) as well as a representation of a Jewish student. Rembrandt's authorship of the painting has also undergone reassessment. The broad and thinly painted cloak and hat suggests the painting is likely a workshop product and while it does display Rembrandt's characteristic interest in a sitter's introspection, the figure's thoughtfulness remains comparatively superficial.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21508783"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.252-a-bearded-man-wearin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Rembrandt's 'Portrait of a Young Student.'\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>37, no. 9 (November 1950): 191-193.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 191", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141663"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 451", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n82"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n148"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n148"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n178"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 258-261; Reproduced: p. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kaplan, Thomas S., et.al. E\u0307<em>pokha Rembrandta i Vermeera: shedevry Lei\u0306denskoi\u0306 kollekt\ufe20s\ufe21ii</em>. Moskva: Gosudarstvenny\u012d muze\u012d izobrazitel\u02b9nykh iskusstv imeni A.S. Pushkina; | \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 : \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0410.\u0421. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: p. 49, #14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giltaij, Jeroen, and Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. Het grote Rembrandt boek: alle 684 schilderijen. Zwolle : WBOOKS, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 179, no. 270", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": "Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 . [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952."}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.252", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.252/1950.252_web.jpg", "width": "735", "height": "900", "filesize": "118485", "filename": "1950.252_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.252/1950.252_print.jpg", "width": "2778", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2045004", "filename": "1950.252_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.252/1950.252_full.tif", "width": "4462", "height": "5462", "filesize": "73135828", "filename": "1950.252_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.252/1950.252_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "516824"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.252/1950.252_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2764", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8532272"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.252/1950.252_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4626", "height": "5690", "filesize": "78987408"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T19:21:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.252/1950.252_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "806", "height": "900", "filesize": "258998"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.252/1950.252_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3044", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3008310"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.252/1950.252_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4640", "height": "5182", "filesize": "72154964"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T14:33:18", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127573, "creators": [{"id": 2520, "description": "Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "studio of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1606", "death_year": "1669", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-06-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1655, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1655\u201360", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Man with a Beard", "Portrait of a Jewish Student", "Portrait of a Young Student"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:34:08.616000"}, {"id": 156048, "accession_number": "1991.30", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The City, 1966. Agnes Martin (American, 1912\u20132004). Acrylic and graphite on canvas; framed: 184.5 x 184.5 x 3 cm (72 5/8 x 72 5/8 x 1 3/16 in.); unframed: 182.9 x 182.9 cm (72 x 72 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Agnes Gund in memory of Wenda von Wiese, 1991.30. \u00a9 Agnes Martin / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "The City", "creation_date": "1966", "creation_date_earliest": 1966, "creation_date_latest": 1966, "artists_tags": ["female", "LGBTQ+ (after 1900)"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "acrylic and graphite on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 184.5 x 184.5 x 3 cm (72 5/8 x 72 5/8 x 1 3/16 in.); Unframed: 182.9 x 182.9 cm (72 x 72 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.845, "height_inch": 72, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.845, "width_inch": 72, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.03, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "unframed": {"height": 1.829, "height_inch": 72, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.829, "width_inch": 72, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Agnes Martin / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, Marlborough Gallery, Selected Works from the Collection of Carter Burden, 1974, p. 23.", "opening_date": "1974-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Art of Collecting Modern Art:  An Exhibition of Works from the Collections of Clevelanders, Feb. 12 - March 30, 1986.", "opening_date": "1986-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Mary Boone Gallery, Agnes Martin, 1959-1969, 1991.", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1991:  \"Notable Acquisitions,\" CMA Bulletin, 78 (June 1991), p. 105, repr.", "opening_date": "1991-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (06/01/2007); \"CMA @ Akron\"", "opening_date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["27.86"], "did_you_know": "Drawing rectangular grids on a square canvas required extensive computation to precisely achieve; Martin spent hours calculating the lines of her grids before putting pencil to canvas.", "description": "Agnes Martin developed her signature style in the late 1950s and early 1960s while living in New York City\u2014six-foot-square canvases covered in thinly lined rectangular grids. Martin painstakingly drew her grids by hand, the faintly modulated background enriching the graphite lines with subtle variations of light and pattern. While her work is abstract, she often conjured subjects or themes with her titles. In this case, she may be referencing the urban plan of gridded city streets, or perhaps the rigidity of city life that Martin felt. <em>The City</em> was made a year before Martin abruptly left New York and settled in a remote town in New Mexico, where she would not resume her practice until 1973.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476731"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 105", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 87", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.30", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Agnes Gund in memory of Wenda von Wiese", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 156048, "creators": [{"id": 3555, "description": "Agnes Martin (American, 1912\u20132004)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1912", "death_year": "2004", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-03-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1966, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1966", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:38.677000"}, {"id": 141929, "accession_number": "1965.469", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Laban Searching for His Stolen Household Gods, c. 1665\u201370. Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo (Spanish, 1617\u20131682). Oil on canvas; framed: 278 x 398 x 14 cm (109 7/16 x 156 11/16 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 243 x 362 cm (95 11/16 x 142 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1965.469", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Laban Searching for His Stolen Household Gods", "creation_date": "c. 1665\u201370", "creation_date_earliest": 1665, "creation_date_latest": 1670, "artists_tags": ["male", "Latine and Hispanic Artists"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Spanish before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 278 x 398 x 14 cm (109 7/16 x 156 11/16 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 243 x 362 cm (95 11/16 x 142 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.78, "height_inch": 109, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 3.98, "width_inch": 156, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.14, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 2.43, "height_inch": 95, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 3.62, "width_inch": 142, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442195, "title": "Murillo", "description": "<i>Murillo</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 15-March 27, 1983); Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain (October 8-December 12, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 213602, "title": "Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo:  Paintings from American Collections", "description": "<i>Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo:  Paintings from American Collections</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (March 10-June 16, 2002); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (July 14-October 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-03-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Royal Academy 1/3/83.", "opening_date": "1983-01-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Worth, TX:  Kimbell Art Museum (3/10-6/16/02); Los Angeles, CA:  Los Angeles County Museum of Art (7/14-10/6/02) \"Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo (1617-1682):  Paintings from American Collections\" exh. cat. no. 14, p. 137, no color repr.", "opening_date": "2010-07-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1965", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Carlos Guinle [1889-1956], Rio de Janeiro", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1931", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Jacques Barou de la Lombardi\u00e8re de Canson [d. 1958], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1926", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Hibbard1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Several copies of the 1924 Christie's sale catalogue have handwritten notations indicating \"Hibbard\" that Hibbard was the buyer of this painting.&nbsp; Hibbard's first name has not been identified, but a collector by the name of \"Hibbard\" does appear in several other auction catalogues, as well as in the provenances of several paintings currently in museum collections.</div>"], "date": "1924-", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Christie, Manson, and Woods, London, sale, July 4, 1924, no. 21, sold to Hibbard)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, second Duke of Westminster [1879 \u20131953]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1907-1924", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Hugh Grosvenor, Marquis of Westminster [1825-1899], Grosvenor House, London, to his grandson, Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The painting appears in \"A Catalogue of Pictures at Grosvenor House,\" published in 1921; therefore, it must have been in the Grosvenor family at least by that point, if not yet in the possession of Hugh Grosvenor.&nbsp; Hugh's father, Richard, was born in 1795, and thus would not have purchased the painting from Buchanan c. 1809, but Hugh's grandfather, Robert [1767-1845] may have been the purchaser.</div><div><!--block--><br></div><ul><li><!--block--><br></li></ul>"], "date": "Possibly until 1899", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Possibly Robert Grosvenor, Marquis of Westminster [1767-1845]1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 There is no documentation confirming that Robert Grosvenor owned this painting.&nbsp; However, it was in the collection of Grosvenor House by 1821, and neither Hugh Grosvenor nor his father, Richard, could have purchased the painting from William Buchanan c. 1809.</div>"], "date": "After 1809", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Marquis of Santiago, Santiago Palace, Madrid, sold to William Buchanan and W.G. Coesvelt through G. Augustus Wallis", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(William Buchanan and W.G. Coesvelt, London, acquired in Spain through Buchanan\u2019s agent, G. Augustus Wallis), sold to the Marquis of Westminster)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 The Marquis of Westminster purchased the painting in exchange for two Lorrains, a Poussin, and 1200 livres.</div><div><!--block--><br></div>"], "date": "c. 1808-1809", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Marquis of Villamanrique, MadMarquis of Santiago, Santiago Palace, Madrid, sold to William Buchanan and W.G. Coesvelt through G. Augustus Wallisrid1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Probably Ventura Osorio de Moscoso y Fern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdoba, VIII Marqu\u00e9s de Villamanrique, who died in 1776.</div>"], "date": "by 1775-1808", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Marquis of Villamanrique, Seville", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Marquis of Villamanrique, probably Manuel Luis de Guzm\u00e1n y Manrique de Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, IV Marqu\u00e9s de Villamanrique (d. 1692) commissioned this painting from Murillo.&nbsp; The painting then passed down through the family, likely following this line of descent: Melchor de Guzm\u00e1n Osorio Davila Manrique de Zu\u00f1iga, V Marqu\u00e9s de Villamanrique (d. 1710); Ana Nicolasa de Guzm\u00e1n Osorio D\u00e1vila y Manrique de Z\u00fa\u00f1iga, VI Marquesa de Villamanrique (d. 1762); Ventura Antonio Osorio de Moscoso y Guzm\u00e1n D\u00e1vila y Arag\u00f3n, VII Marqu\u00e9s de Villamanrique, (d. 1746); Ventura Osorio de Moscoso y Fern\u00e1ndez de C\u00f3rdoba, VIII Marqu\u00e9s de Villamanrique (d. 1776).&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1665-", "sortorder": 14}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This story comes from the Old Testament book of Genesis and stresses the value of reconciliation. Jacob lived with his uncle Laban for years, marrying Laban\u2019s daughters Rachel and Leah. When the relationship between the men soured, Jacob and his family departed, while Rachel secretly stole her father\u2019s household gods. When Laban discovered that the statues were missing, he pursued Jacob, accusing him of theft. Here, Jacob invites Laban to search his tent, while Rachel sits on the saddlebag containing the statues. After coming up empty-handed, Laban proposes a truce, ending the squabble.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469507"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.469-laban-searching-for"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Valdivieso, Enrique.  <em>Murillo: cata\u0301logo razonado de pinturas</em>. Madrid: Ediciones El Viso, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Esteban, Claude, and Juan Antonio Gaya Nun\u0303o. <em>Tout l'\u0153uvre peint de Murillo</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1980.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Angulo In\u0303iguez, Diego. <em>Murillo</em>. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1981.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Angulo In\u0303iguez, Diego. <em>Murillo</em>. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1981.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods. <em>Pictures by Old Masters of the Italian and Flemish Schools</em>. July 4, 1924.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Young, John, and Robert Grosvenor Westminster. <em>A Catalogue of the Pictures at Grosvenor House, London: With Etchings from the Whole Collection. Executed by Permission of the Noble Proprietor and Accompanied by Historical Notices of the Principal Works</em>. London: Printed by W. Bulmer and W. Nicol, Cleveland-Row, St. James's. Published by the Proprietor, No. 65, Upper Charlotte-Street, Fitzroy-Square, 1821. <ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Buchanan, William. <em>Memoirs of Painting: With a Chronological History of the Importation of Pictures by the Great Masters into England Since the French Revolution</em>. London: Printed for R. Ackerman, 1824. <ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Curtis, Charles Boyd. <em>Velazquez and Murillo; A Descriptive and Historical Catalogue of the Works of Don Diego De Silva Velazquez and Bartolome\u0301 Este\u0301ban Murillo</em>. London: S. Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, 1883. <ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Esteban, Claude, and Juan Antonio Gaya Nun\u0303o. <em>Tout l'\u0153uvre peint de Murillo</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1980.<br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Mary Crawford Volk, letter to Alan Chong, Aug. 12, 1992, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n155"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Frank Chalton Francis. Fiftieth Anniversary Banquet: The Cleveland Museum of Art, the Sheraton-Cleveland Hotel, June 13, 1966. [Cleveland]: [The Museum], 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 10-11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/50thAnniversary/page/n19"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40: Mentioned: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \u201cBartolom\u00e9 Est\u00e9ban Murillo: Laban Searching for His Stolen Household Gods in Rachel\u2019s Tent.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 10 (December 1966): 367\u2013377.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 367-370, figs. 1-3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152127"}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \u201cBartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo: A Drawing Study for a Virgin and Child.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 7 (September 1968): 235\u2013238.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 237-238, fig. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152224"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n155"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n170"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 502-504; Reproduced: p. 503", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rogla\u0301n, Mark A. Spanish Art in America. [Madrid, Spain]: Ediciones El Viso, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art: April through June 2016</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "p. 29-30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Humfrey, Peter.<em> Regency Collectors: Buying and Displaying Old Masters in Early Nineteenth-Century England.</em> London: Ad Ilissvm, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.35-37, fig. 1.16", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.469", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "598", "filesize": "226684", "filename": "1965.469_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2259", "filesize": "2294257", "filename": "1965.469_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_full.tif", "width": "15083", "height": "10023", "filesize": "453561956", "filename": "1965.469_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "841", "filesize": "766546"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2264", "filesize": "5540527"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5713", "height": "3804", "filesize": "65233808"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T16:03:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1204", "height": "893", "filesize": "753294"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2521", "filesize": "6247528"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6540", "height": "4850", "filesize": "95191964"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T16:19:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1134", "height": "893", "filesize": "752059"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2678", "filesize": "7242926"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6337", "height": "4992", "filesize": "94937952"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T16:28:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "786909"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "6217799"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.469/1965.469_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99895772"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T16:01:49", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 141929, "creators": [{"id": 2400, "description": "Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo (Spanish, 1617\u20131682)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1617", "death_year": "1682", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1665, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1665\u201370", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Laban Searching for His Stolen Household Gods in Rachel's Tent"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-01 14:37:11.051000"}, {"id": 106092, "accession_number": "1924.197", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Column Krater (Mixing Vessel): Komos (Revel), 470\u2013460 BCE. Attributed to Pig Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 480\u2013460 BCE). Ceramic; diameter: 40.4 cm (15 7/8 in.); overall: 41 cm (16 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Leonard C. Hanna, 1924.197", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Red-Figure Column Krater (Mixing Vessel): Komos (Revel)", "creation_date": "470\u2013460 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -470, "creation_date_latest": -460, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 40.4 cm (15 7/8 in.); Overall: 41 cm (16 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.41, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "diameter": {"width": 0.404, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355338, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2, 1945-February 4, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-10-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of Cesare and Ercole Canessa", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1924", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna, Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1924", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1924-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bearded man on this vase is vomiting\u2014perhaps a humorous warning against over imbibing.", "description": "Used for mixing wine and water at a symposium (or drinking party), this column-krater speaks to the perils and pleasures of drinking. On one side, a bearded man holding a staff and a drinking cup leans forward, a red stream of vomit falling from his mouth. Before him is a nude young boy, holding a tortoiseshell lyre and a basket or pail. On the other side, a young man dances, holding a deep cup and wearing just one boot. On the neck above him, scratched in large letters, is the name SIMONOS, probably indicating that the vase once belonged to someone named Simon.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778642"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1924.197-red-figure-column-kr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 206446", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/140A3E59-F0C3-4EE7-8C4E-CCF35EAF8B0D"}, {"citation": "American Art Association. <em>Illustrated Catalogue of the Art Collection of the Expert Antiquarians C. &amp; E. Canessa of New York, Paris, Naples: Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Gothic and Renaissance Sculpture in Marble, Bronze, Stucco, Terra-Cotta and Wood, Limoges Enamels, Primitive Paintings, Early Tapestries, Orfe\u0300vrerie, Italian Majolica and Furniture</em>. 1924. 1924 JAN 25 1924 JAN 26.", "page_number": "No. 62 (illus.).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Howard, Rossiter. \"A Red-Figured Wine Bowl.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 11, no. 3 (1924): 64-67.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136743"}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D. <em>Attische Vasenmaler des rotfigurigen Stils.</em> [Attic vase-painters of the red-figure style]. Tu\u0308bingen: Mohr, 1925.", "page_number": "p. 239, no. 4 (Schweinemaler).", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n64"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n79"}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D.<em> Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters</em>, 1st ed. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1942.", "page_number": "P. 371, no. 14 (Pig Painter).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wunderlich, S. A. July 1944. \"Greek Art and Greek Medicine.\" <em>Bulletin of the Medical Library Assoc.</em> vol. 32.3, pp. 324-31. PMID: 16016653; PMCID: PMC194382.", "page_number": "Discussed and illustrated, pp. 324, 328, Fig. 1.", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC194382/"}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D. <em>Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters, 2nd ed. </em>Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 564, No. 18 (Pig Painter)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D., J. D. Beazley, and J. D. Beazley. <em>Paralipomena: Additions to Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters and to Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters </em>(Second Edition). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.", "page_number": "389", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg.<em> Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. </em>Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 18. Plates 27-28", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/browseCVARecord.asp?id={140A3E59-F0C3-4EE7-8C4E-CCF35EAF8B0D}&startRef="}, {"citation": "Boardman, John. <em>Athenian Red Figure Vases, the Archaic Period: A Handbook.</em> London: Thames and Hudson, 1975.", "page_number": "Pp. 180, 182 (fig. 320).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Folsom, Robert Slade. <em>Attic Red-Figured Pottery. </em>1976. Park Ridge, New Jersey: Noyes Press.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 128, pl. 34.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. 1978. \"Making rounds at The Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Medical Library,</em> vol. 24, pp. 53-66. Reprinted as \"A medical tour through The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland Clinic Quarterly, vol. 50.4 (Winter 1983), pp. 417-438.", "page_number": "Discussed p. 418, reproduced as Fig. 3.", "url": "https://www.ccjm.org/content/ccjom/50/4/417.full.pdf"}, {"citation": "Burn, Lucilla, Ruth Glynn, and J. D. Beazley.<em> Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 &amp; Paralipomena</em>. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Norton, Thomas E. <em>100 Years of Collecting in America: The Story of Sotheby Parke Bernet.</em> New York: H.N. Abrams, 1984.", "page_number": "Ill. p. 99.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Noble, Joseph Veach. 1988. <em>The Techniques of Painted Attic Pottery</em> Rev. ed. London: Thames and Hudson.", "page_number": "Ill. p. 164, fig. 251 (detail).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H., J. D. Beazley, Thomas Mannack, Melanie Mendonc\u0327a, and Lucilla Burn.<em> Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 &amp; Paralipomena</em>. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 260", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maas, Martha, and Jane McIntosh Snyder. S<em>tringed Instruments of Ancient Greece</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 132, fig 8a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Driscoll, Ann. \"The Pig Painter: Parties, Poets, and Pollaiuolo.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 3 (1993): 83-111.", "page_number": "Front and back covers, figs. 3-5.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25161392"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \"The Cleveland Painter.\" <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 1 (1996): 12-29.", "page_number": "Pp. 21-22, fig. 15.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20079680"}, {"citation": "Immerwahr, Henry R. <em>A Corpus of Attic Vase Inscriptions </em>(CAVI). [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1998.", "page_number": "p. 789, no. 3197", "url": null}, {"citation": "Malacrino, Carmelo G., Luca Mercuri, and Claudia Lucchese.<em> Il vaso sui vasi: capolavori dal Museo nazionale Jatta di Ruvo di Puglia.</em> [Genoa] : Sagep editori, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 72, no. 4", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1924.197", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "843", "filesize": "198183", "filename": "1924.197_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3185", "filesize": "1673328", "filename": "1924.197_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_full.tif", "width": "8188", "height": "7671", "filesize": "188455720", "filename": "1924.197_full.tif"}}, 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"height": "7126", "filesize": "234519844"}, "date_created": "2022-01-27T21:51:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "770", "filesize": "229787"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2910", "filesize": "2337295"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt8_full.tif", "width": "7224", "height": "6183", "filesize": "134023072"}, "date_created": "2022-01-27T22:10:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt9_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "838", "filesize": "211204"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt9_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3167", "filesize": "1824462"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt9_full.tif", "width": "6585", "height": "6134", "filesize": "121202964"}, "date_created": "2022-01-27T22:33:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt10_web.jpg", "width": "982", "height": "893", "filesize": "392614"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt10_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3093", "filesize": "4720078"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt10_full.tif", "width": "4502", "height": "4096", "filesize": "55341600"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:43:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt11_web.jpg", "width": "989", "height": "893", "filesize": "357989"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt11_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3069", "filesize": "4387864"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.197/1924.197_alt11_full.tif", "width": "4538", "height": "4096", "filesize": "55784316"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:44:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Leonard C. Hanna", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 106092, "creators": [{"id": 10960, "description": "Pig Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 480\u2013460 BCE)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1924-01-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -470, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "470\u2013460 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:42:38.416000"}, {"id": 169510, "accession_number": "2011.34", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Round Box with Bird and Peonies Design (\u96d5\u6f06\u96d9\u7dac\u5e36\u9ce5\u7261\u4e39\u7d0b\u5713\u76d2), c. 1300. China, late Southern Song (1127\u20131279) to early Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368). Carved lacquer; overall: 21 x 40.6 cm (8 1/4 x 16 in.); lid: 8.5 x 40.6 cm (3 3/8 x 16 in.); bottom: 12.5 x 40.6 cm (4 15/16 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2011.34", "current_location": null, "title": "Round Box with Bird and Peonies Design", "title_in_original_language": "\u96d5\u6f06\u96d9\u7dac\u5e36\u9ce5\u7261\u4e39\u7d0b\u5713\u76d2", "creation_date": "c. 1300", "creation_date_earliest": 1290, "creation_date_latest": 1310, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, late Southern Song (1127\u20131279) to early Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368)"], "technique": "carved lacquer", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Song Dynasty", "type": "Lacquer", "measurements": "Overall: 21 x 40.6 cm (8 1/4 x 16 in.); Lid: 8.5 x 40.6 cm (3 3/8 x 16 in.); Bottom: 12.5 x 40.6 cm (4 15/16 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.406, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "lid": {"height": 0.085, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.406, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "bottom": {"height": 0.125, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.406, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u5c71", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Both the interior of the cover and the base are inscribed with the Chinese character \"shan,\" meaning mountain.", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 100)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 29, 2011-September 20, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-07-29T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 241)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 5, 2013-January 9, 2015).", "opening_date": "2013-12-05T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Takashi Yanagi at Yanagi Fine Art Shop, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20132011", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2011\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lacquer ware was always a valuable product in Chinese material culture and was often used as precious gifts in diplomatic, religious, and economic exchanges with other countries\u2014Japan, for example, where this box was long preserved and acquired.", "description": "The carved lacquer box and lobed silver container nearby both feature pairs of birds and flowers on their covers. There is a striking similarity in decoration, shape, and aesthetic appeal. Both boxes suggest that successful designs and shapes circulated among craftsmen, workshops, and beyond regional borders.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80076898"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.34-round-box-with-decor", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.34-round-box-with-bird"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Garner, Harry Mason. <em>Chinese Lacquer</em>. London: Faber, 1979.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tokugawa Bijutsukan \u5fb3\u5ddd\u7f8e\u8853\u9928, and Nezu Bijutsukan \u6839\u6d25\u7f8e\u8853\u9928. <em>Cho\u0304shitsu: urushi no reri\u0304fu</em> [\u5f6b\u6f06 : \u3046\u308b\u3057\u306e\u30ec\u30ea\u30fc\u30d5 = Carved lacquer]. [Nagoya-shi]: Tokugawa Bijutsukan, 1984.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Watt, James C. Y., and Barbara Brennan Ford.<em> East Asian Lacquer: The Florence and Herbert Irving Collection</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Karamono shikki: Chu\u0304goku, Cho\u0304sen, Ryu\u0304kyu\u0304 </em>[\u5510\u7269\u6f06\u5668 : \u4e2d\u56fd\u30fb\u671d\u9bae\u30fb\u7409\u7403 = Karamono: Imported Lacquerwork-Chinese, Korean, and Ryukyuan (Okinawa)]. Nagoya-shi: Tokugawa Bijutsukan, 1997.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>So\u0304 Gen no bi: denrai no shikki to chu\u0304shin ni </em>[\u5b8b\u5143\u306e\u7f8e : \u4f1d\u6765\u306e\u6f06\u5668\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b = Colors and forms of Song and Yuan China - featuring lacquerwares, ceramics and metalwares]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nezu Bijutsukan, 2004.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Negrotti, Rosanna<em>.</em>\"Acquisition of the Year.\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors, </em>December 2011, Vol. 174, Issue 593, pp. 62\u201373.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 64, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 10, 108\u2013109", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Acquired by North American Museums, 2010-2011.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em> 62 (2012): 105\u2013153.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 114, fig. 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/43677806"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. \u201cRecent Acquisitions (2005\u201411) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 154, no. 1312 (2012): 525\u2013532.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. II, pp. 525", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/23232806"}, {"citation": "Springer, Samantha. \"Re-examining the Cleveland Carved Lacquer Box: The Conservator's Perspective.\" <em>Orientations</em>; Vol. 44 No. 8 (November/December 2013), 76\u201378.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 76\u201378, Fig. 1-4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 218\u2013219, no. 94", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.34", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.34/2011.34_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "670", "filesize": "218095", "filename": "2011.34_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.34/2011.34_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2532", "filesize": "1675426", "filename": "2011.34_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.34/2011.34_full.tif", "width": "7564", "height": "5633", "filesize": "127850056", "filename": "2011.34_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.34/2011.34_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "758", "filesize": "260523"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.34/2011.34_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2862", "filesize": "2146512"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.34/2011.34_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7396", "height": "6225", "filesize": "138147352"}, "date_created": "2020-06-17T13:50:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.34/2011.34_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "771", "filesize": "242888"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.34/2011.34_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2913", "filesize": "2287432"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.34/2011.34_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4965", "height": "4254", "filesize": "63404168"}, "date_created": "2014-03-03T14:17:36", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 169510, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2011-06-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1290, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1300", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Round Box with Decoration of Two Birds and Peonies", "Round Box with Decoration of Two Pheasants and Peonies"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:42:29.395000"}, {"id": 121273, "accession_number": "1942.1144", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Lady Grace Anna Newenham, 1784. Horace Hone (British, 1756\u20131825). Watercolor on ivory; framed: 9 x 7.6 cm (3 9/16 x 3 in.); sight: 7.6 x 6 cm (3 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1144", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Lady Grace Anna Newenham", "creation_date": "1784", "creation_date_earliest": 1784, "creation_date_latest": 1784, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9 x 7.6 cm (3 9/16 x 3 in.); Sight: 7.6 x 6 cm (3 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.09, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.076, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "sight": {"height": 0.076, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.06, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed right:  HH / 1784 [HH in monogram; inscribed on frame:  \"THOUGH LOST TO SIGHT TO MEMORY EVER DEAR.  I.W. 28th NOVr 1821.\"]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335533, "title": "Four Centuries of Miniature Painting", "description": "<i>Four Centuries of Miniature Painting</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (January 18-March 19, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "<i>Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "<i>Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 691463, "title": "British Portrait Miniatures: Tokens of Love and Loss", "description": "<i>British Portrait Miniatures: Tokens of Love and Loss</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 18, 2025-February 15, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-08-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 20, 2008 - September 22, 2008). [Verso on display].", "opening_date": "2008-06-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "George William Panter (d. 1929), Ireland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Before 1929", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof, (1886-1966) Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-1942", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Human hair was frequently incorporated into miniatures and was especially appropriate for mourning miniatures because it transformed the object into a kind of reliquary.", "description": "Lady Grace Anna Newenham (n\u00e9e Burton, 1725\u20131807) was the wife of Sir Edward Newenham (1734\u20131814), a prominent radical Protestant Irish politician and MP for Dublin, whom she married in 1754 at St. Thomas in Dublin. Lady Newenham herself came from a highly influential family with deep Whig political roots in Dublin. This miniature was painted in 1784, when she was nearly 60 years old and had been married for 30 years. This period found her husband, Edward, deeply in debt, going to great lengths to secure employment for his children, and planning a trip to America. While the former conditions would not encourage an artistic expenditure, the latter might have provided the impetus for this portrait to be commissioned. <br><br>Lady Newenham wears a gray wrap with a high white collar and a white low-neck dress. Her costume is summarily painted with quick strokes, and the ivory ground is allowed to show through particularly at her breast, enhancing the delicacy of her complexion. She is not, however, overly flattered as she would have been in the hands of a miniature painter like Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821). Instead, Horace Hone gently described her sagging jaw line as well as the wrinkles and moles on her face. She has the eyes of an older woman, beneath which Hone\u2019s trademark glowing pink cheeks seem almost to suggest cosmetics. The texture of her lightly powdered brown hair that falls to her shoulders is delineated by Hone\u2019s technique of scraping the surface of the watercolor paint with extremely fine lines that reflect light and suggest individual strands of hair. The background is a muddy gray sky with a hint of pale blue.<br><br>Among the 18 children that Lady Newenham gave birth to over the course of two decades, six died at a young age. Lady Newenham wears a miniature on her breast, possibly depicting one of the children she lost. The back of the miniature contains plaited hair under glass, bordered with an elaborate woven hair \u201cbelt,\u201d a typically Irish form of hairwork.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017065"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1144-portrait-of-lady-gra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). <em>Four Centuries of Miniature Painting: A Special Exhibition, Including Loans from Museums and Private Collections and Examples from the Museum's Own Collection, Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the American Society of Miniature Painters, January 19 - March 19, 1950. 1950. .</em>", "page_number": "p. 6.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Portrait Miniatures </em>; <em>The Edward B. Greene Collection.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27, no 18, pl. XIX", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n65"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong.<em> European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 292", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. <em>Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. <em>British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 51, pp. 209-211", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 53 no. 06, November/December 2013", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-06/page/6"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1144", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "179353", "filename": "1942.1144_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1620390", "filename": "1942.1144_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_full.tif", "width": "10141", "height": "10140", "filesize": "308518652", "filename": "1942.1144_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "241169"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3086968"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10141", "height": "10140", "filesize": "308518204"}, "date_created": "2025-08-15T15:49:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "101324"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "940333"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144065328"}, "date_created": "2013-02-07T14:21:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "99614"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1054690"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022104"}, "date_created": "2013-02-06T20:47:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "893", "filesize": "491104"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2950", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5986000"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3588", "height": "4136", "filesize": "44551132"}, "date_created": "2008-10-07T17:39:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "769", "height": "893", "filesize": "517115"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2929", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6421006"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1144/1942.1144_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3274", "height": "3801", "filesize": "37369012"}, "date_created": "2007-12-18T19:51:54", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121273, "creators": [{"id": 3733, "description": "Horace Hone (British, 1756\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Horace Hone was a miniature painter, enameler, and engraver trained at the Royal Academy Schools in London and by his father, the Irish painter Nathaniel Hone (1718\u20131784). Horace worked in Dublin from 1782 until moving back to London around 1804, after the union of England and Ireland brought about the emigration of much of his clientele. He was appointed miniature painter to the Prince of Wales (the future king George IV) in 1795 and painted elite members of society, including the politician Charles James Fox and the theater doyenne Sarah Siddons. Hone was a friend of the famous diarist Joseph Farington, who wrote in 1795 of Hone\u2019s receiving 12 guineas for painting a portrait for which the sitter\u2019s wife was going to spend \u00a3300 on the setting. This payment suggests that in the 1790s, when his practice was thriving, Hone\u2019s rates were similar to those charged by his successful contemporaries George Engleheart (1752\u2013 <br>1829) and Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821).3 By the 1810s, however, Hone was suffering from mental illness, his practice was in decline, and he was sufficiently financially desperate to appeal to the Royal Academy for charity on several occasions between 1814 and 1821. Hone was appointed an associate member of the Royal Academy in 1779 and exhibited at twenty-nine of its annual exhibitions between 1772 and 1822. The quality of his miniatures varies widely, but his best works are vibrantly colored and minutely worked, suggesting psychological depth and intimacy without being cloying. His work in enamel is rare but often regarded as superior to his portraits in watercolor on ivory. Indeed, the enamels less often fell victim to the redundancy and haste of execution evidenced in many of the ivories. Hone is known especially for his elegant portraits of women, who were frequently placed against a golden olive brown background and exhibit the artist\u2019s distinctive dark eyes, rosy cheeks, and painting of individual eyelashes. The Cleveland Museum of Art possesses two portraits on ivory by Hone, each dating from the mid-1780s, when he was a young artist enjoying success in Dublin. Both works depict fashionably dressed women wearing large portrait miniatures.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1756", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1784, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1784", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Lady in White Dress and Gray Wrap"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:14:52.077000"}, {"id": 142723, "accession_number": "1966.436", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lapis Lazuli Easter Egg, c. 1885\u201390. Attributed to Peter Carl Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1846\u20131920), attributed to House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Gold, enamel, lapis lazuli, pearls, diamonds, rubies; overall: 5.9 x 4.5 cm (2 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.436", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Lapis Lazuli Easter Egg", "creation_date": "c. 1885\u201390", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "gold, enamel, lapis lazuli, pearls, diamonds, rubies", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 5.9 x 4.5 cm (2 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.059, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.045, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Unmarked", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211192, "title": "Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop</i>. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 8-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 174850, "title": "Faberg\u00e9: Designing Luxury, from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9: Designing Luxury, from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 13, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This egg may have been made for one of the tsar's relatives very early in the run of imperial Easter egg production by Faberg\u00e9.", "description": "Peter Carl Faberg\u00e9 became the crown jeweler to the imperial court of Russia in 1885 after he produced the very first Easter egg for Tsar Alexander III to give to his wife, Empress Marie Feodorovna. Faberg\u00e9 created his celebrated Easter eggs, symbols of rebirth and renewal, as gifts for the Russian imperial family every year until he had to leave the country in 1919 after the Russian Revolution. Made of gold and lapis lazuli from the Ural Mountains, this egg opens to reveal a compartment enameled to resemble an egg yolk, which contains yet another delightful surprise of an imperial crown holding a tiny ruby or pink sapphire on a chain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18245358"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.436-lapis-lazuli-easter"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 72-73, cat. 32.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n195"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 227", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n247"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 114, cat. 98.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 175, cat. 51.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}, {"citation": "Solon, Chad. \"The Lapis Lazuli Egg in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The Burlington Magazine. 163, no.1422 (September 2021): 828-831", "page_number": "reproduced p.829; mentioned p.828-831", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.436", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "656", "filesize": "110548", "filename": "1966.436_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2479", "filesize": "1242994", "filename": "1966.436_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "5834", "filesize": "140043948", "filename": "1966.436_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "90125"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "679833"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66609604"}, "date_created": "2007-07-26T17:07:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "77337"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "666050"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66608808"}, "date_created": "2007-07-26T17:51:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "65698"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "554128"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436/1966.436_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66608392"}, "date_created": "2007-07-26T18:04:20", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142723, "creators": [{"id": 5366, "description": "Peter Carl Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1846\u20131920)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "designer", "biography": "Supplied most of the gifts exchanged by relatives of the imperial family in Russia, Denmark, Germany, and England for christenings, name days, birthdays, Christmas, and Easter.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1846", "death_year": "1920", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1885\u201390", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Easter Egg", "Lapis Lazuli Easter Egg with Crown and Ruby Egg Surprise"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:19:45.964000"}, {"id": 143915, "accession_number": "1968.3", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Nyack, 1966\u20131967. Fairfield Porter (American, 1907\u20131975). Oil on canvas; framed: 211 x 283 x 4 cm (83 1/16 x 111 7/16 x 1 9/16 in.); unframed: 208.3 x 279.4 cm (82 x 110 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1968.3. \u00a9  The Estate of Fairfield Porter / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "Nyack", "creation_date": "1966\u20131967", "creation_date_earliest": 1966, "creation_date_latest": 1967, "artists_tags": ["male", "LGBTQ+ (after 1900)"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 211 x 283 x 4 cm (83 1/16 x 111 7/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Unframed: 208.3 x 279.4 cm (82 x 110 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.11, "height_inch": 83, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 2.83, "width_inch": 111, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.04, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 2.083, "height_inch": 82, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 2.794, "width_inch": 110, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "crated": {"height": 2.286, "height_inch": 90, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 3.073, "width_inch": 121, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.203, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  The Estate of Fairfield Porter / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on back of stretcher:  Fairfield Porter 1966-67.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301294, "title": "Works from the Contemporary Collection", "description": "<i>Works from the Contemporary Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 1-October 15, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-07-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, NY, Whitney Museum of American Art, 1967 Annual Exhibition of Contemporary Painting (13 December 1967 - 4 February 1968), listed no. 116, p. 12.", "opening_date": "1967-12-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, NY, Tibor de Naby Gallery, Fairfield Porter (February - March 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, IL, Richard Gray Gallery, Retrospective Exhibition (6 March - 6 April 1968); brochure in Curatorial File.", "opening_date": "1968-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Year in Review, Bulletin (January 1969), p. 48, no. 116, repr. p. 29, (29 January - 9 March 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA:  Works from the Contemporary Collection, July 1-mid-October, 1969", "opening_date": "1969-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, MA, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Fairfield Porter (1907-1975): Realist Painter in an Age of Abstraction (5 January - 13 May 1983); traveled to Greenville, SC, Greenville County Museum of Art (20 April - 19 June 1983); traveled to Cleveland, Cleveland Museum of Art (9 November - 31 December 1983); traveled to Pittsburgh, PA, Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute (18 February - 22 April 1984); cat. No. 63, pl. 105, ill. p. 42.", "opening_date": "1983-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Southampton, NY, The Parrish Art Museum, Fairfield Porter: An American Painter, 1950-1975 (27 June - 28 August 1993); traveled to Amherst, MA, Mead Art Museum (29 October - 24 December); traveled to Notre Dame, IN, Snite Museum of Art (20 January - 20 March 1994); traveled to Buffalo, NY, Albright-Knox Art Gallery (23 May - 3 July 1994); cat. no. 35, p. 93, ill. p. 51.", "opening_date": "1993-06-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Tibor de Nagy Gallery).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Fairfield Porter\u2019s older brother Eliot was an accomplished nature photographer.", "description": "A restful scene on a hot summer day in 1954 inspired Fairfield Porter to sketch the original composition for this painting. He and his wife Anne were visiting painter Jane Freilicher and her husband in Nyack, New York, a town on the Hudson River, north of Manhattan. The two women are depicted under an old ash tree-Jane painting a landscape and Anne reading a book by the English writer Ronald Firbank (1886-1926). The following winter, Porter made a small painting from the sketch. This canvas evolved twelve years later, as the artist considered improving the smaller version. Since he could no longer remember the exact details and colors of the original scene, he decided to render the forms in broad, flat areas that define only the essential shapes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470067"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cSouth of His House, North of His House: Nyack, a Painting by Fairfield Porter.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 3 (March 1971): 85\u201390.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 88-89, fig. 8", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152366"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 255", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n275"}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \u201cAlex Katz\u2019s Impala.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 8 (October 1986): 314\u201326.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 320-321, fig. 11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159954"}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John.<em> Fairfield Porter.</em> New York: Rizzoli, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160-161, pl. 62", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.3", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143915, "creators": [{"id": 3597, "description": "Fairfield Porter (American, 1907\u20131975)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1907", "death_year": "1975", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1966, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1966\u20131967", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-06 11:45:06.699000"}, {"id": 139727, "accession_number": "1963.500", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Madonna of Humility, late 1370s. Caterino Veneziano (Italian, active 1362\u201382). Tempera and gold on wood panel; framed: 91.5 x 70 x 4 cm (36 x 27 9/16 x 1 9/16 in.); unframed: 79.6 x 54.6 cm (31 5/16 x 21 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Dr. Rudolf J. Heinemann, 1963.500", "current_location": "110A Italian Gothic", "title": "Madonna of Humility", "creation_date": "late 1370s", "creation_date_earliest": 1375, "creation_date_latest": 1379, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 91.5 x 70 x 4 cm (36 x 27 9/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Unframed: 79.6 x 54.6 cm (31 5/16 x 21 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.915, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.7, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.04, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.796, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.546, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "SCA. MARIA. DE VM LITATE", "inscription_translation": "Holy Mary of Humility", "inscription_remark": "Inscribed at bottom: S[an]C[t]A MARIA DE UM[i]LITATE", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Sammlung Schloss Rohoncz</em>, Neue Pinakothek, Munich, Germany (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Gothic Art 1360-1440</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (Sept-Oct, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-09-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Year in Review, 1963,</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (Nov. 26- Jan. 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, Italy (Information supplied by Heinemann-- once cited as Prince Umberto of \tItaly)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Baron Thyssen, Schloss Rohoncz, Lugano, Switzerland (1930 collection catalogue)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Rudolf J. Heinemann (1901-1975), New York, NY, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1963", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This panel used to be part of a larger altarpiece; it was cut down and reframed some time in the 1800s.", "description": "The Madonna is shown seated on the ground as she nurses the infant Christ in a style of depiction called the \"Madonna (or Virgin) of Humility.\" This type of image shows Mary\u2019s humility, or <em>humilitas</em> in Latin, sitting on the earth just with a cushion in contrast to her usual depiction with a throne. The virtue of humility was propagated especially by St. Francis of Assisi and found its way into painting since the 1350s in the wake of the Black Death.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469059"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.500-madonna-of-humility"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Thyssen-Bornemisza, Heinrich, Rudolf Heinemann-Fleischmann, and A. S. Drey.<em> Sammlung Schloss Rohoncz: Ausstellung Neue Pinakothek, Mu\u0308nchen, 1930</em>. 1930.", "page_number": "no. 67", "url": ""}, {"citation": "August L. Mayer, \"The Exhibition of the Castle of Rohonca Collection in the Munich New Pinakothek,\" <em>Apollo</em>, XII, (August, 1930).", "page_number": "illus. p. 95, 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Suida, \"Die italienischen Bilder Sammlung der Schloss Rohoncz,\" <em>Belvedere</em>, vol. pt. 2, (1930).", "page_number": "p. 175, pl. 109.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Raimond van Marle, \"I Quadri Italiani della Raccolta del Castello Rohonca,\" <em>Dedalo</em>, XI, part 2, (December, 1931).", "page_number": "illus. p. 1371-1372.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kurth, Betty \"Das Gnadenbild als Stilvermittler,\" <em>Belvedere</em>, XII (1934-1937).", "page_number": "listed p. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shorr, Dorothy C. <em>The Christ Child in Devotional Images in Italy During the XIV Century</em>. New York: G. Wittenborn, 1954.", "page_number": "p. 81, illus", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lasareff, Victor \"Maestro Paolo e la pittura veneziana del suo tempo,\" <em>Arte Veneta</em> (1954).", "page_number": "p. 84", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cGothic Art 1360-1440.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963).", "page_number": "cat. no. 75, p. 211", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review for 1963.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 10 (1963).", "page_number": "cat. no. 85, p. 293. repr. p. 269", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974"}, {"citation": "Meiss, Millard. <em>Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: The Arts, Religion and Society in the Mid-Fourteenth Century</em>. New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 136, n. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cAnnual Report for 1963.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 6 (1964).", "page_number": "p. 134", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152003"}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri.<em> Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections</em>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "listed pp. 49, 346, 574", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 23, p. 62 - 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schier, Rudolf. \u201cGiorgione\u2019s \u2018Tempesta\u2019: A Virgilian Pastoral.\u201d <em>Renaissance Studies</em> 22, no. 4 (2008).", "page_number": "p. 504.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/24417578"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.500", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.500/1963.500_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "515223", "filename": "1963.500_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.500/1963.500_print.jpg", "width": "2629", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7039614", "filename": "1963.500_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.500/1963.500_full.tif", "width": "4252", "height": "5500", "filesize": "70191696", "filename": "1963.500_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. Rudolf J. Heinemann", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Horvitz Gallery", "athena_id": 139727, "creators": [{"id": 2085, "description": "Caterino Veneziano (Italian, active 1362\u201382)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-09-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1375, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1370s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:08:57.580000"}, {"id": 95883, "accession_number": "1916.1565", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "War Hat (or Kettle Hat), c. 1475\u20131500. Workshop of Antonio Missaglia (Italian, 1416/17\u20131495/96). Steel; overall: 36 x 22 x 26.6 cm (14 3/16 x 8 11/16 x 10 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1565", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "War Hat (or Kettle Hat)", "creation_date": "c. 1475\u20131500", "creation_date_earliest": 1475, "creation_date_latest": 1500, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Milan"], "technique": "steel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 36 x 22 x 26.6 cm (14 3/16 x 8 11/16 x 10 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.36, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.22, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.266, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211267, "title": "The Book of Kings:  Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible", "description": "<i>The Book of Kings:  Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 27-December 29, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-10-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Sforza Court: Milan in the Renaissance 1450-1535</em>,  Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery, University of Texas, Austin, TX (October 27-December 18, 1988); University of California Art Museum, Berkeley, CA (January 18-March 12, 1989); Yale University Art Galley, New Haven, CT (April 16-June 4, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-10-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Del Encuentro al Desarollo</em>, Arizona Historical Society, Tucson, AZ (November 15-May 31, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-11-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The rivets along the rim were not only decorative, but a means of attachment for a liner.", "description": "Open helmets like this one were in use from the 1200s to the 1400s and are the ancestor of today's common military helmet. Such helmets were worn by foot soldiers as they attempted to scale the walls of an armed town. The slight ridge, or comb, down the center served to improve deflection and increase strength. Antonio Missaglia's workshop created helmets like this for royalty and knights in the region of Milan. Missaglia inherited the workshop from his father, who was also an armorer, and employed craftsmen who specialized in particular types of armor, such as jointed arm defenses or helmets.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758841"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1565-war-hat-or-kettle-ha"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour.</em> [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 385", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41, B2; Reproduced: Plate XVII, B2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n56"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n45"}, {"citation": "Curlee, Kendall. <em>The Sforza Court: Milan in the Renaissance 1450-1535 : Exhibition</em>. Austin: Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery, 1988.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 43, p. 184", "url": null}, {"citation": "Louis, William Noel, and Daniel H. Weiss.<em> The Book of Kings: Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible.</em> Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2002.", "page_number": "cat. no. 32, pp. 92, 188, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 60, 164, no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. 108, p. 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 282-3, no. 106", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1565", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1565/1916.1565_web.jpg", "width": "1133", "height": "893", "filesize": "588663", "filename": "1916.1565_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1565/1916.1565_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2680", "filesize": "5165086", "filename": "1916.1565_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1565/1916.1565_full.tif", "width": "4559", "height": "3594", "filesize": "49185676", "filename": "1916.1565_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95883, "creators": [{"id": 10185, "description": "Antonio Missaglia (Italian, 1416/17\u20131495/96)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "workshop of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1416", "death_year": "1496", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1475\u20131500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:09:26.409000"}, {"id": 115164, "accession_number": "1935.311", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Knife Handle Cover, 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild. Gold; overall: 4.3 cm (1 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1935.311", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Knife Handle Cover", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1886, "creation_date_latest": 1896, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 4.3 cm (1 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.043, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "<i>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297093, "title": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana", "description": "<i>The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana</i>. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (April 15-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 162, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Brooklyn Museum.  Masterpieces of African Art, October 18, 1954-January 2, 1955, cat. no. 32.", "opening_date": "1954-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00, exh. cat. no. 18, p. 68.", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Cecil Hamilton Armitage", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Original object card (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France via Pierre Matisse, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Original object card (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Only members of the goldsmiths' guild, who claimed descent from the first goldsmith Fusu Kwabi, could make gold ornaments for the royals and their entourage.", "description": "Gold sheaths covered the cast iron blade of a king\u2019s ceremonial knife (<em>sikay</em>), wrapping them with symbolism. In Akan states like the Asante Kingdom, gold embodies life force (<em>kra</em>) and is the sun\u2019s earthly counterpart. Only goldsmiths\u2019 guild members could make gold ornaments for the royals and their entourage, or for the royal treasury. Here, the goldsmith used a tool to push the raised floral, leaf, and geometric designs from the back of a soft sheet of gold (repouss\u00e9 technique). Small dots outlining some motifs were punched into the metal. Similarly decorated gold sheets and solid ornaments capped a knife\u2019s handle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.311-jewelry", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.311-knife-handle-cover"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>African Arts</em> 10, no. 3 (April 1977): 16-24.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 19, p.68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. <em>African Negro Art</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 162.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. <em>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: p. 23, fig. 13, p. 68, no. 18.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In <em>Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display.</em> Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955.</em> [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter.<em> African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989</em>. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 202-203, fig. 514", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Roslyn A., Martha J. Ehrlich, Christraud M. Geary, M. D. McLeod, and Doran H. Ross.<em> The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana.</em> Yale University Press, New Haven and London.Dallas : Dallas Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 29; reproduced: p. 95, cat. 42", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.311", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.311/1935.311_web.jpg", "width": "1161", "height": "893", "filesize": "498313", "filename": "1935.311_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.311/1935.311_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2616", "filesize": "4046051", "filename": "1935.311_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.311/1935.311_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "3168", "filesize": "39158596", "filename": "1935.311_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115164, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1886, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ornament\r\n", "Jewelry"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:36.778000"}, {"id": 122346, "accession_number": "1942.642", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Charlotte and Sarah Carteret-Hardy, 1801. Thomas Lawrence (British, 1769\u20131830). Oil on canvas; framed: 161 x 135 x 11 cm (63 3/8 x 53 1/8 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 129 x 103 cm (50 13/16 x 40 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.642", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Charlotte and Sarah Carteret-Hardy", "creation_date": "1801", "creation_date_earliest": 1801, "creation_date_latest": 1801, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, early 19th Century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 161 x 135 x 11 cm (63 3/8 x 53 1/8 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 129 x 103 cm (50 13/16 x 40 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.61, "height_inch": 63, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.35, "width_inch": 53, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.29, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.03, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355092, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: A Portrait of the So-Called 'Column and Curtain' School", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: A Portrait of the So-Called 'Column and Curtain' School</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1-31, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518253, "title": "Sir Thomas Lawrence, Regency Painter", "description": "<i>Sir Thomas Lawrence, Regency Painter</i>. Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (organizer) (April 27-June 6, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "By descent to Daniel L. Lysons, Hempstead Court, Gloucestershire", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Burton, Knowles & Co., Gloucester, 21 April, 1887, no.284)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Camillo Roth (1888)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Charles Crews (sale: Christie's, London, 1 July 1915, no. 105 to Colnaghi)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John L. Severance", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "By descent to Daniel L. Lysons, Hempstead Court, Gloucestershire  (sale: Burton, Knowles & Co, Gloucester, 21 April, 1887, no. 284); Camillo Roth (1888); Charles Crews (sale: Christie's, London, 1 July, 1915, no. 105 to Colnaghi); (Colnaghi, London); John L. Severance", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lawrence was a child prodigy and largely self-taught. At the early age of 10, he made accomplished portraits in crayon.", "description": "<br>Charlotte (left) and Sarah were 19 and 21, respectively, when this portrait was painted on the occasion of Sarah\u2019s marriage to the topographer Daniel Lysons. The sisters wear fashionable gowns and jewelry, but their affectionate posture conveys a sisterly tenderness that transcends glamour. There was a seemingly insatiable demand for Thomas Lawrence\u2019s portraits representing stylish English society, but he was notoriously slow working. Although this picture was begun in 1801, it still was not finished in 1806 when a friend noted its presence in the artist\u2019s studio.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514826"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.642-portrait-of-charlott"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "John Long Severance Art Collection Photographs: Furniture, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 301", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceFurniture/page/n299/mode/1up"}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [19], Plate VII, cat. no. 8; Mention: p. 22, cat. no. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Department of Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>29, no. 9 (November 1942): 132-136", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133; Mentioned: p. 136", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n27"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 475", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n87"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n184"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n215"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198; Mentioned: p. 199", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.642", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "381993", "filename": "1942.642_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_print.jpg", "width": "2705", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5696797", "filename": "1942.642_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_full.tif", "width": "3978", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59701872", "filename": "1942.642_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "763", "height": "900", "filesize": "240651"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2881", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2965183"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5612", "height": "6622", "filesize": "111517740"}, "date_created": "2016-02-08T13:22:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "757", "height": "900", "filesize": "279244"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2860", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3251745"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5523", "height": "6566", "filesize": "108825776"}, "date_created": "2016-02-08T09:13:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "752", "height": "900", "filesize": "270713"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2842", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3109299"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5384", "height": "6440", "filesize": "104052376"}, "date_created": "2016-02-08T09:13:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "122146"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2765", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1522235"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.642/1942.642_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3173", "height": "3901", "filesize": "37169384"}, "date_created": "2013-07-22T13:29:16", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Paul J. and Edith Ingalls Vignos Gallery", "athena_id": 122346, "creators": [{"id": 2515, "description": "Thomas Lawrence (British, 1769\u20131830)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1769", "death_year": "1830", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1801, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1801", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Charlotte and Sarah Hardy", "The Daughters of Colonel Thomas Carteret Hardy"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:18:02.535000"}, {"id": 443541, "accession_number": "2021.148", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lucy, 1909. Max Bohm (American, 1868\u20131923). Oil on canvas; framed: 155.7 x 155.7 x 5.7 cm (61 5/16 x 61 5/16 x 2 1/4 in.); unframed: 126 x 126 cm (49 5/8 x 49 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Barbara and Edmund Hajim, 2021.148", "current_location": "228B Cleveland Artists", "title": "Lucy", "creation_date": "1909", "creation_date_earliest": 1909, "creation_date_latest": 1909, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Cleveland School", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 155.7 x 155.7 x 5.7 cm (61 5/16 x 61 5/16 x 2 1/4 in.); Unframed: 126 x 126 cm (49 5/8 x 49 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.557, "height_inch": 61, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.557, "width_inch": 61, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.057, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 1.26, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.26, "width_inch": 49, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311873, "title": "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946", "description": "<i>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 19-July 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-05-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Romantic-Impressionist Max Bohm</em>. Squibb Gallery, Princeton, NJ (March 28-April 23, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Retrospective: Max Bohm Paintings</em>. Provincetown Art Association and Museum, MA (September 4-20, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-09-04T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>American Realist and Impressionist Paintings from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Haig Tashjian</em>. Greenville County Museum of Art, Greenville, SC (March 10-April 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Reflections of American Women from the Sterling Regal Collection</em>. Lawder Corporation, Denver, CO. (November 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Bohm created this painting while working on a commissioned mural for the Cuyahoga County Courthouse.", "description": "Painted during expatriate Max Bohm\u2019s visit to his hometown in Cleveland, <em>Lucy </em>depicts a former love interest, who years earlier turned down the artist\u2019s marriage proposal because she doubted his ability to earn a steady income. During the intervening time, Bohm had wed someone else and established himself as a noted painter, earning success particularly in France and England.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117246884"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2021.148-lucy"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cExhibition Calendar,\u201d <em>American Art Review </em>3 (May-June 1976).", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Provincetown Art Association and Museum, <em>Max Bohm Paintings, E</em>xh. Cat. Provincetown, MA: Provincetown Art Association and Museum, 1981", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jordan-Volpe Gallery, advertisement, <em>Magazine Antiques </em>123 (May 1983)", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 947", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peters, Lisa. \u201cLa Femme: The Influence of Whistler,\u201d <em>Arts Magazine</em> 58 (January 1984)", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Preato, Robert R. \u201cLa Femme: Images of Beauty,\u201d <em>Southwest Art</em> 14 (July 1984)", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced:  p. 63.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wagner, Lois. <em>Reflections of American Women: From the Sterling Regal, Inc. Collection</em>, Exh. Cat. Denver:  Lawder Corporation, 1985.", "page_number": "unpaginated, [p. 16].", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rice, Faye, \u201cThe Big Payoff in Corporate Art,\u201d <em>Fortune</em> (May 25, 1987).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., and David Steinberg. <em>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946: Community and Diversity in Early Modern America</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62; reproduced p. 63.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby\u2019s, New York. <em>American Paintings from the Sterling Regal Collection</em>. May 25, 1988. Lot 15.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2021.148", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.148/2021.148_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "897", "filesize": "285547", "filename": "2021.148_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.148/2021.148_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3389", "filesize": "3770815", "filename": "2021.148_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.148/2021.148_full.tif", "width": "10253", "height": "10221", "filesize": "314414616", "filename": "2021.148_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.148/2021.148_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "898", "filesize": "274766"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.148/2021.148_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3393", "filesize": "2950857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.148/2021.148_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10057", "height": "10037", "filesize": "302853576"}, "date_created": "2021-07-28T13:03:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.148/2021.148_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "887", "height": "900", "filesize": "331183"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.148/2021.148_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3352", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3969272"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.148/2021.148_alt1_full.tif", "width": "10086", "height": "10230", "filesize": "412751012"}, "date_created": "2021-07-28T10:49:51", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Barbara and Edmund Hajim", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "William P. and Amanda C. Madar Gallery", "athena_id": 443541, "creators": [{"id": 4391, "description": "Max Bohm (American, 1868\u20131923)", "extent": "execution", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1868", "death_year": "1923", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2021-09-13T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1909, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1909", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 20:34:16.211000"}, {"id": 98884, "accession_number": "1918.552", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bridal Robe (Hwarot), late 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Silk: satin weave; embroidery; paper edging on neck and sleeves; overall: 114.3 x 174 cm (45 x 68 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Worcester R. Warner Collection, 1918.552", "current_location": null, "title": "Bridal Robe (Hwarot)", "creation_date": "late 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1875, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Silk: satin weave; embroidery; paper edging on neck and sleeves", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "Textiles", "type": "Garment", "measurements": "Overall: 114.3 x 174 cm (45 x 68 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.143, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.74, "width_inch": 68, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u58fd\u5982\u6cb3\u6d77", "inscription_translation": "Longevity as long as the rivers and the seas.", "inscription_remark": "Auspicious inscription running vertically next to the embroidery of a boy holding a lotus.", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "<i>The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 373312, "title": "Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea", "description": "<i>Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 7-October 25, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 539550, "title": "Hwarot: Wedding Robes of the Joseon Dynasty", "description": "<i>Hwarot: Wedding Robes of the Joseon Dynasty</i>. National Palace Museum of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) (organizer) (September 14-December 13, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-09-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Worcester R. Warner [1846\u20131929], Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1918\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This bride's robe is made of densely embroidered silk, but its collar and sleeves are covered in thick paper.", "description": "This bride's robe is exquisitely embroidered with various symbols of happiness in colorful silk threads. Butterflies stand for marital happiness; the phoenix, numerous offspring; and lotus flowers and white cranes, longevity. Yet, the bridal robe does not attest to the life of luxury. To the contrary, many traces of repairs, trimmings, and patchwork, reflect Joseon period women\u2019s commitment to value neo-Confucian aesthetics of frugality and modesty. <br><br>Substantial repairs and patching reveal that this robe served as an important communal resource to be shared and passed down through several generations. Its collar and sleeves are covered in thick white paper; this paper is replaced with new paper for each bride, while the robe itself was reused for decades.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79485903"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.552-wedding-gown", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.552-bridal-robe-hwarot"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Suh, Kisook. <em>The Documentary Value of Repairs to the Hwarot, the Korean Bridal Robe</em>. DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2006.", "page_number": "pp. 79\u201387", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seon Seung-hye. <em>The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65, cat. no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Artistic Court Embroidery</em> [\uc544\ub984\ub2e4\uc6b4 \uad81\uc911\uc790\uc218]. Seoul: National Palace Museum. 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kwon, Hea-jin and Ji-yeon Kim. \u201cStudy on the Formative Characteristics of Embroidery Panels of Hwarot at the Victoria and Albert Museum [\ube45\ud1a0\ub9ac\uc544 \uc568\ubc84\ud2b8 \ubc15\ubb3c\uad00 \uc18c\uc7a5 \ud65c\uc637\uc758 \uc870\ud615\uc131 \uc5f0\uad6c].\u201d <em>Boksik </em>(2013): 176\u2013188.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06676006"}, {"citation": "O, Suk-gyeong and Hong Na-young. \u201cThe Usage of Paper in the Costumes of the Joseon Dynasty [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ubcf5\uc2dd\uc5d0 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub41c \uc885\uc774\uc2ec\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c].\u201d <em>Boksik</em> (2015): 75\u201391.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06676132"}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"Stitches empowered: Korean embroidery arts form the Joseon Dynasty\" <em>Orientations </em>51, no. 1 (January/February 2020): 60\u201367.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62, fig. 3; Mention: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im, Jung-Wha Kim, William Griswold, Seung-Hae Yi, Byungmo Chung, and Young Chae. <em>Gold Needles: Embroidery Arts From Korea / Sooa Im McCormick, Curator.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 10\u201311", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Gold Needles: Celebrating the stunning embroidery of anonymous Korean women.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 2 (March/April 2020): 32-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 33; Mentioned: P. 32.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Exhibitions--Extended Dates. \u201cGold Needles: Embroidery Arts from Korea.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 3 (Summer 2020): 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 5; Mentioned: P. 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 246-247, no. 137", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.552", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "466710", "filename": "1918.552_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "4311513", "filename": "1918.552_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99891884", "filename": "1918.552_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1174", "height": "893", "filesize": "998177"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2587", "filesize": "9864541"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5257", "height": "4001", "filesize": "126231284"}, "date_created": "2010-10-27T18:53:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "983673"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "9980790"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99888672"}, "date_created": "2010-10-27T18:59:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "393492"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2545", "filesize": "3827676"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4992", "filesize": "99900328"}, "date_created": "2010-10-26T15:17:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "381158"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5737868"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99890896"}, "date_created": "2010-10-26T16:26:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "724", "height": "893", "filesize": "622842"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2757", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9065674"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt4_full.tif", "width": "2395", "height": "2953", "filesize": "21245416"}, "date_created": "2010-10-26T16:43:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "893", "filesize": "592136"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2537", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7953282"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.552/1918.552_alt5_full.tif", "width": "1737", "height": "2327", "filesize": "12154320"}, "date_created": "2010-10-26T16:48:01", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Worcester R. Warner Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98884, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-09-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1875, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bride's Robe", "Wedding Gown"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:20:40.576000"}, {"id": 141602, "accession_number": "1965.2", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Woman with Blond Armpit Combing Her Hair by the Light of the Stars  (recto)  Figure (verso), 1940. Joan Mir\u00f3 (Spanish, 1893\u20131983). Watercolor and gouache over graphite; sheet: 37.9 x 45.8 cm (14 15/16 x 18 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1965.2. \u00a9 Successi\u00f3 Mir\u00f3 / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "current_location": null, "title": "Woman with Blond Armpit Combing Her Hair by the Light of the Stars  (recto)  Figure (verso)", "creation_date": "1940", "creation_date_earliest": 1940, "creation_date_latest": 1940, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "Watercolor and gouache over graphite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Spanish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 37.9 x 45.8 cm (14 15/16 x 18 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.379, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.458, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Successi\u00f3 Mir\u00f3 / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed, lower left, in black gouache: Mir\u00f3. Inscribed on verso, at center: Joan Mir\u00f3 / Femme \u00e0 la blonde aisselle coiffant / sa ch\u00e9velure \u00e0 la lueur des \u00e9toiles / Varengeville s mer / 5/III/1940", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361483, "title": "Mir\u00f3 by Fondation Maeght", "description": "<i>Mir\u00f3 by Fondation Maeght</i>. Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France.", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 361495, "title": "Mir\u00f3 at Recinto del Antiguo Hospital de la Santa Cruz", "description": "<i>Mir\u00f3 at Recinto del Antiguo Hospital de la Santa Cruz</i>. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300904, "title": "Fifty Years of Modern Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of Modern Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 15-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518118, "title": "Exposition Miro", "description": "<i>Exposition Miro</i>. Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France (organizer) (July 23-September 30, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-07-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304404, "title": "The Spirit of Surrealism", "description": "<i>The Spirit of Surrealism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 3-November 25, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361484, "title": "Mir\u00f3 in America", "description": "<i>Mir\u00f3 in America</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (organizer) (April 21-June 27, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-04-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229586, "title": "Joan Mir\u00f3: The Ladder of Escape", "description": "<i>Joan Mir\u00f3: The Ladder of Escape</i>. Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (April 14-September 11, 2011); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (May 6-August 12, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 291279, "title": "Mir\u00f3: The Constellations", "description": "<i>Mir\u00f3: The Constellations</i>. Acquavella Galleries, Inc., New York, NY (organizer) (April 20-May 27, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-04-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Joan Mir\u00f3: Constellations</em>. Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York and Paris (1959).", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Joan Mir\u00f3: Ceramics 1944, Tempera Paintings 1940 to 1941, Lithographs 1944</em>. Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York (1945).", "opening_date": "1945-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York, sold to Dwight Ripley, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "probably 1945-by 1950", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dwight Ripley [1908-1973], New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1950-before 1966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. Samuel S. White [1888-1966], Ardmore, PA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1962-1966", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(E. V. Thaw & Co., Inc. and Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York, sold to Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing was published in book alongside the other works from Joan Miro's \"Constellations\" series, accompanied by poems written by Andr\u00e9 Breton.", "description": "This drawing belongs to a group of 23 works made by Joan Miro between January 1940 and September 1941, which he called \"Constellations.\" All were made in Normandy, where the artist had retreated from the Spanish civil war. Miro juxtaposed blurry layers of watercolor in earthy tones with neatly linear lines in black ink and shapes in white gouache to develop his own language of symbols that suggested, in his words, \"the night, music, and the stars.\" The fifth in the series, this drawing is dominated by a vague figural form at center, who draws a comb through her hair while holding a mirror through which shines the moon and a star. The allover abstract composition was a major influence on later artists, following a 1945 exhibition in New York.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80041155"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Mir\u00f3</em>. Barcelona: Recinto del Antiguo Hospital de la Santa Cruz, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61, no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Joan Mir\u00f3: Ceramics, 1944, Tempera Paintings, 1940 to 1941, Lithographs 1944</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, 1945.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Breton, Andr\u00e9. <em>Constellations</em>. New York: Pierre Matisse Gallery, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: plate 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Painting of the Month.\" <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer</em>, August 15, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Catalogue.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 9 (November 1965).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 143, p. 157, no. 172; Reproduced: p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n223"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Fifty Years of Modern Art, 1916-1966</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \"Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Art in America</em> (May-June 1966): 21-44.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Joan Mir\u00f3: Woman with Blond Armpit Combing Her Hair by the Light of the Stars.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55 (1968): 71-77.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 71-77; Reproduced: pp. 74-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Mir\u00f3</em>. Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n223"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Tapi\u00e9, Michel. <em>Joan Mir\u00f3</em>. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20, no. 52; Reproduced: plate 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sweeney, James Johnson. <em>Joan Miro\u0301 photoscop visual language</em>. New York: Tudor Pub. Co, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooper, Barbara and Maureen Matheson. <em>The World Museums Guide</em>. London: Threshold Books, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 248", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n268"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>The Spirit of Surrealism</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 80-81, 175, fig. 34; Reproduced: fig. 34, p. 81; color plate XXI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"A Painting by Joan Mir\u00f3.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 6 (September 1979): 234-240.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 239-40; Reproduced: p. 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rose, Barbara. <em>Mir\u00f3 in America</em>. Exh. Cat. Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rolnik, Marc. <em>Mir\u00f3's Constellations: The Facsimile Edition of 1959</em>. Purchase, NY: Neuberger Muesum, State University of New York at Purchase, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Serra, Pere A. <em>Mir\u00f3 and Mallorca</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 288, no. 57; Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Malet, Rosa Maria. <em>Joan Mir\u00f3</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Malina, Judith. <em>The Diaries of Judith Malina, 1947-1957</em>. New York: Grove Press, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 391", "url": null}, {"citation": "Penrose, Roland. <em>Mir\u00f3. </em>New York: Thames and Hudson, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rowell, Margit, ed. <em>Joan Mir\u00f3: Selected Writings and Interviews. </em>London: Thames and Hudson, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 170", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79, no. 38; Reproduced: p. 80, plate VII; Mentioned and reproduced: P. 129, no. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bozal Ferna\u0301ndez, Valeriano. <em>Pintura y escultura espan\u0303olas del siglo XX</em>. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 384; Reproduced: p. 385", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dupin, Jacques\u0301. <em>Miro\u0301</em>. [Barcelona]: Poli\u0301grafa; New York: Abrams, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 271; Reproduced: p. 251", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lanchner, Carolyn. <em>Joan Mir\u00f3</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 417, no. 160; Reproduced: p. 242", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Joan Mir\u00f3 Campo de Estrellas. </em>Madrid: Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 114, 153, no. 65; Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dupin, Jacques and Ariane Lelong-Mainaud. <em>Joan Mir\u00f3: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9, Paintings</em>. Paris: Daniel Lelong, Successio Miro, 1999-", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 236, no. 632", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 264-265, 298; Reproduced: P. 264-265, cat. no. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Calder, Mir\u00f3. <em>Calder, Mir\u00f3 Constellations. </em>New York: Rizzoli, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86-87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dupin, Jacques. <em>Mir\u00f3</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 541, no. 542", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Dupin and Lelong-Mainaud 632", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.2", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141602, "creators": [{"id": 2157, "description": "Joan Mir\u00f3 (Spanish, 1893\u20131983)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1893", "death_year": "1983", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1940, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1940", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Constellation: Woman with Blond Armpit Combing Her Hair by the Light of the Stars"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:17.132000"}, {"id": 144844, "accession_number": "1969.69", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tobias Healing His Father's Blindness, c. 1640\u201345. Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669). Pen and brown ink, touched with white gouache; framing lines in pen and brown ink; sheet: 21.1 x 17.7 cm (8 5/16 x 6 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1969.69", "current_location": null, "title": "Tobias Healing His Father's Blindness", "creation_date": "c. 1640\u201345", "creation_date_earliest": 1640, "creation_date_latest": 1645, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "Pen and brown ink, touched with white gouache; framing lines in pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Dutch", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 21.1 x 17.7 cm (8 5/16 x 6 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.211, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.177, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso, upper center, in graphite: -13 [crossed out]; upper right, in black chalk: rembrant; upper right, in brown ink: D; upper center, in brown ink: [15-50?] / Tobias; upper left, in brown ink: 9 [sideways]; lower left, in brown ink: [illegible, cropped]; lower left, in brown ink: No 2910; lower left, in brown ink: Rembrandt; lower right, in brown ink: -d[l?]-13 [upside down]\r\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301805, "title": "Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century", "description": "<i>Dutch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 10-September 2, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361516, "title": "Seventeenth Century Dutch Drawings from American Collections", "description": "<i>Seventeenth Century Dutch Drawings from American Collections</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (January 28-March 13, 1977); Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (April 1-May 15, 1977); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (June 1-July 15, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-01-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304283, "title": "Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 15-December 4, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309575, "title": "Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics", "description": "<i>Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-August 1, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310280, "title": "Netherlandish Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Netherlandish Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 10-December 31, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361515, "title": "Rembrandt: The Master and His Workshop", "description": "<i>Rembrandt: The Master and His Workshop</i>. Gem\u00e4ldegalerie, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany (organizer) (co-organizer) (September 12-November 10, 1991); Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (co-organizer) (December 4, 1991-March 1, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177730, "title": "Rembrandt's Journey: Painter, Draftsman, Etcher", "description": "<i>Rembrandt's Journey: Painter, Draftsman, Etcher</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 14-May 9, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 214325, "title": "Rembrandt in America", "description": "<i>Rembrandt in America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 19-May 28, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Catalogue descriptive des dessins de maitres anciens expoose a l\u2019ecole des beaux-arts. </em>L\u2019Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Paris, 1879.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exposition d\u2019oevures de Rembrandt, dessins et gravures. </em>Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, 1908.", "opening_date": "1908-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ignace-Joseph de Claussin, Paris and London, 1766-1844 (Lugt 485, not stamped); his sale, Batignolles, Paris, 2 December 1844, lot 53 (\"Tobie recouvrant la vue\") to Van Os.", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->An exhibition catalogue from 1879 erroneously listed this drawing as once belonging to the Narcisse Revil collection, a mistake that was been repeated in the subsequent literature as late as 1991 but here resolved.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "?-1844", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "George Jacob Johan van Os, Paris and Amsterdam, 1782-1861; his sale, Roussel et Defer, Paris, 20-22 January, 1851, lot 179 (\"Tobie recouvrant la vue\")", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1844-1851", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Collection Defer-Dumesnil, Pierre Defer (1798-1870) and Henri Dumesnil (1823-1898), Paris (Lugt 739); his sale, Drouot, Paris, 10-12 May, 1900, lot 84) to Reinach", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1900", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Joseph Reinach, Paris, 1856-1921.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1900-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "by descent to Madame Pierre Goujon, daughter of Joseph Reinach, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "with Wildenstein & Co., Inc., New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The seated figure in this drawing is receiving cataract surgery on his left eye, a procedure pioneered in Amsterdam in 1635 by Dr. Job Janszoon van Meekren.", "description": "This drawing is a prime example of the Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn's innovative approach to biblical narrative, in which he often humanized traditional pictorial formulas through the inclusion of observed details from everyday life. It depicts the climactic moment of the Book of Tobit, an apocryphal book of the Old Testament, in which, instructed by the archangel Raphael, Tobias heals his father Tobit's blindness by rubbing his eyes with fish gall. With spontaneity, a deft hand, and deceptive simplicity in his mark-making, Rembrandt depicts an intimate family scene including the archangel, Tobias, Hannah, and Sarah around a seated Tobit. Hannah\u2019s spectacles, a unique detail among images of the scene created by Rembrandt and his circle, further thematizes sight. Rembrandt\u2019s most innovative addition to the story centers on Tobias, who concentrates intensely to use a scalpel, rather than fish gall, to perform a cataract operation on his father\u2019s left eye. Cataract surgery was a new procedure pioneered in Amsterdam in 1635 by Dr. Job Janszoon van Meekren, and Rembrandt may have witnessed the doctor perform it.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922347"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.69-tobias-healing-his-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dutuit, Euge\u0300ne. Tableaux et dessins de Rembrandt; catalogue historique et descriptif. Paris: A. Le\u0301vy, 1885.", "page_number": "p. 104 as \"Tobie recouvrant la vue\" (under Chevalier de Claussin)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, C. Die Urkunden u\u0308ber Rembrandt (1575-1721). Haag: M. Nijhoff, 1906.", "page_number": "p. 182, no. 815", "url": null}, {"citation": "Greeff, R. Rembrandts Darstellungen der Tobiasheilung; nebst Beitra\u0308gen zur Geschichte des Starstichs; eine kulturhistorische Studie. Stuttgart: F. Enke, 1907.", "page_number": "pp. 54-56, no. 3, pl. VI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hofstede de Groot, C. and F. Lippmann. Original Drawings by Rembrandt Harmensz Van Rijn: Reproduced in the Colours of the Originals by Emrik &amp; Binger at Haarlem. 1900-1911.", "page_number": "fourth series, part 2, no. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bredt, Ernst Wilhelm. Rembrandts Erzahlungen: mit etwa 70 Abbildungen eingeleitet und gewahlt. Munchen: H. Schmidt, 1918.", "page_number": "pp. 76, 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kruse, John, and Carl Neumann. Die Zeichnungen Rembrandts und seiner Schule im National-Museum zu Stockholm. Haag: M. Nijhoff, 1920.", "page_number": "p. 60, fig. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bredt, Ernst Wilhelm. Rembrandt-Bibel: vier Teile in einem Band gebunden, mit 240 Abbildungen und zwanzig Gravu\u0308ren. Mu\u0308nchen: Schmidt, 1921.", "page_number": "Vol 1, p. 159 (2nd ed, 1927, vol. 1, p. 178)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold. Die Handzeichnungen Rembrandts. New York: E. Weyhe, 1925-.", "page_number": "Vol. 1, pp. 252, 271 (repr.), 479, no. 252", "url": null}, {"citation": "Van Dyke, John Charles. The Rembrandt Drawings and Etchings, With Critical Reassignments to Pupils and Followers. New York, London: C. Scribner, 1927.", "page_number": "no. 149 (as unknown pupil F), pl. XXXVIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto. Rembrandt, Werk und Forschung: von Otto Benesch. Wien: Gilhofer u. Ranschburg, 1934-35.", "page_number": "pp. 35-36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch. Otto. The Drawings of Rembrandt. [A Critical and Chronological Catalogue]. London: Phaidon Press, 1954.", "page_number": "Vol. 3, p, 156, no. 547, fig. 677", "url": null}, {"citation": "Held, Julius S. Rembrandt and the Book of Tobit. [Northampton, Mass.]: Gehenna Press, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 16, pl. 24 (reprinted in Held 1996, p. 129, pl. 26)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slive, Seymour. Drawings of Rembrandt. New York: Dover Publications, 1965.", "page_number": "Vol. 2, no. 501", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tu\u0308mpel, Christian, and Astrid Tu\u0308mpel. Rembrandt legt die Bibel aus. Zeichn. u. Radierungen aus d. Kupferstichkabinett d. Staatl. Museen Preuss. Kulturbesitz, Berlin. Berlin: Hessling, 1970.", "page_number": "no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \u201cA Rembrandt Drawing.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 2 (February 1970): 68\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 68-69; fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152312"}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto, and Eva Benesch. The Drawings of Rembrandt. London: Phaidon Press, 1973.", "page_number": "Vol 3, p. 150, no. 547. fig 715", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, Franklin Westcott.<em> Seventeenth Century Dutch Drawings from American Collections.</em> International Exhibits Foundation, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 34, pp. 38-39, no. 34; frontispiece", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Schatborn, Peter, \"Ben Broos, Rembrandt en tekenaars uit zijn omgeving, Oude tekeningen in het bezit van de Gemeentemusea van Amsterdam waaronder de collectie Fodor [review]. <em>Oud Holland</em> 96 (1982): pp. 251-58.", "page_number": "p. 254, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wetering, Ernst Van De, J. Bruyn, J., C. J. van Nes, and Murray Pearson. A corpus of Rembrandt paintings. The Hague: M. Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.", "page_number": "Vol. 3, p. 555; Vol. 5, pp. 216-217, fig. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bevers, Holm, Peter Schatborn, and Barbara Welzel. Rembrandt, the Master &amp; His Workshop: Drawings &amp; Etchings. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "pp. 70-72, no. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tu\u0308mpel, Christian. Het Oude Testament in de schilderkunst van de Gouden Eeuw. Zwolle: Waanders, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 121, n. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liedtke, Walter A., von Sonnenburg Hubertus, et al. Rembrandt/Not Rembrandt in the Metropolitan Museum of Art: Aspects of Connoisseurship. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 167, fig. 87.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graff, Jan. Drawings by Rembrandt and other 17th Century Dutch Artists in the Department of Prints and Drawings. Royal Museum of Fine Arts, Copenhagen, 1996.", "page_number": "pp. 34-35, fig. 10.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schama, Simon. Rembrandt's Eyes. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 425-28 (repr.)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 67, pp. 166-67, p. 293; Reproduced: 167", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozie\u0142, Andrzej, and Michael Lukas Leopold Willmann. Rysunki Michaela Willmanna (1630-1706). Wroc\u0142aw: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Wroc\u0142awskiego, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 72, fig. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosand, David. Drawing Acts: Studies in Graphic Expression and Representation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "pp. 248-251, fig. 238", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ackley, Clifford S., Ronni Baer, Tom Rassieur, and William W. Robinson. <em>Rembrandt's Journey: Painter, Draftsman, Etcher.</em> 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. no. 133, p. 202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schwartz, Gary. The Rembrandt Book. New York: Abrams, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 360, fig. 638", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taylor, Michael. Rembrandt's Nose: Of Flesh &amp; Spirit in the Master's Portraits. New York: Distributed Art Publishers, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 77, fig. 25 (French edition 2006, p. 52, fig. 25)", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Witt, David, Agnes Etherington Art Centre. The Bader Collection: Dutch and Flemish Paintings. Kingston, Ont: Agnes Etherington Art Centre, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 180, fig. 108a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slive, Seymour. Rembrandt Drawings. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2009.", "page_number": "p. 211, fig. 15.20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petherbridge, Deanna. The Primacy of Drawing: Histories and Theories of Practice. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.", "page_number": "p. 109, fig. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Staatliche Museen zu Berlin--Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Holm Bevers, Georg Josef Dietz, and Antje Penz. <em>Zeichnungen der Rembrandtschule im Berliner Kupferstichkabinett: kritischer Katalog. </em>Dresden : Sandstein Verlag ; Berlin : Kupferstichkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, [2018]", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 229-230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petherbridge, Deanna. <em>The Primacy of Drawing</em>. 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144844, "creators": [{"id": 2520, "description": "Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1606", "death_year": "1669", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1640, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1640\u201345", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Healing of Tobit"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:26:40.959000"}, {"id": 133460, "accession_number": "1956.11", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Luxury Ewer Extending Good Fortune to the Owner, 1223. Inscribed by Ahmad al-Dhaki al-Mawsili (Iraqi, Mosul, active early 1200s?). Brass inlaid with silver; lid and base added later; diameter: 26.6 cm (10 1/2 in.); overall: 37.9 cm (14 15/16 in.); diameter of base: 14.5 cm (5 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1956.11", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Luxury Ewer Extending Good Fortune to the Owner", "creation_date": "1223", "creation_date_earliest": 1223, "creation_date_latest": 1223, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Iraq, possibly Mosul, Zangid or Artugid Period, 13th Century"], "technique": "brass inlaid with silver; lid and base added later", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Diameter: 26.6 cm (10 1/2 in.); Overall: 37.9 cm (14 15/16 in.); Diameter of base: 14.5 cm (5 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.266, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "overall": {"height": 0.379, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.145, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Band on the neck (naskh): \"Work of Ahmad al-Thaki, the engraver, al-Mawsili, in the year 620 and glory to my owner\";  band at the base of the handle (naskh): \"Work of Ahmad al-Thaki al-Mawsili\"; graffiti of later owners, roughly scratched into the neck of the ewer: \"Husayn ibn Qasim\"; \"Usta al-Muhtasib [?]\"; band on the shoulder of the ewer (plaited, animated kufic): \"Good luck, and learning, and commanding respect, and prosperity, and pride, and generosity, and faithfulness, and affection, and glory, and survival, and justice, and blessings, and exaltedness, and prosperity, and everlasting peace, and charitable giving.\"; band on the foot (naskh) [foot is a later addition]; this inscription has not yet been deciphered.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The year 620 on the Islamic calendar is the equivalent of 1223 on the Gregorian calendar.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 223784, "title": "L'Orient de saladin", "description": "<i>L'Orient de saladin</i>. Institut du Monde Arabe, 75236 Paris Cedex 05, France (organizer) (October 22, 2001-March 10, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-10-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Arts of Islam</em>. The Arts Council of Great Britain, Hayward Gallery, London (April 8-July 4, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-08T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Rapha\u00ebl Stora [1888\u20131963], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1956", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Later owners roughly scratched their names into the neck of the ewer.", "description": "This silver inlaid ewer was produced for luxury clientele. The wide band around the body of the vessel displays vignettes of daily and courtly life contained within multilobed medallions. Some of the scenes feature falconry, hunting, dancing, and several groups of musicians. All these scenes are set off against a skillfully executed arabesque background\u2014a pervasive motif in Islamic art characterized by interwoven vegetal and curvilinear elements. An inscription around the ewer\u2019s shoulder extends good fortune, prosperity, and peace to the owner. The ewer is dated 1223 and signed by the master craftsman Ahmad al-Dhaki of Mosul.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781109"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.11-luxury-ewer-extendin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rice, D. S. \u201cInlaid Brasses from the Workshop of A\u1e25mad Al-Dhak\u012b Al-Maw\u1e63il\u012b.\u201d <em>Ars Orientalis</em>, vol. 2, 1957, pp. 283\u2013326.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pls. 1-2, 4-5, 15a, 15d, 16f-g; p. 287, figs. 1-2; p. 288, fig. 3; p. 289, fig. 4a-b; p. 290, figs. 5a-b; p. 291, fig. 6; p. 292, fig. 10; p. 294, figs. 11-14; p. 296, figs. 15-18; p. 297, figs. 19-20; p. 300, figs. 25a-c.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/4629040"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 710", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n130"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cEarly Byzantine Silver.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 45, no. 3, 1958, pp. 35\u201394.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142265"}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \u201cAn Early Inlaid Brass Ewer from Mesopotamia.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 46, no. 1, 1959, pp. 2, 4\u201310.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 2, 4\u201310.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142314"}, {"citation": "Vaughan, Malcolm. \"Fine Mesopotamian Metalwork.\" <em>The Connoisseur: an illustrated magazine for collectors</em>, June 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n233"}, {"citation": "Scerrato, Umberto. <em>Metalli Islamici.</em> Milano: Fabbri, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 94\u201395, no. 40.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n233"}, {"citation": "Jones, Dalu, George Michell, Hayward Gallery, and World of Islam Festival Trust. <em>The Arts of Islam: Hayward Gallery, 8 April-4 July 1976</em>. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 195, pp. 178\u2013179", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n285"}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \u201cA Treasure from a Thirteenth-Century Spanish Tomb.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 65, no. 4, 1978, pp. 111\u2013134.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 123, 133.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159577"}, {"citation": "Zorzi, Alvise. <em>Marco Polo: Venezia E l\u2019Oriente</em>. Milano: Electa, 1981.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ghulam, Yousif Mahmud. <em>The Art of Arabic Calligraphy</em>. 2nd ed. Lafayette, CA: Y.M. Ghulam, 1982", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Myers, Bernard S. <em>Encyclopedia of World Art</em>. Volume XVI. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 93.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baer, Eva. <em>Metalwork in Medieval Islamic Art</em>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 220, 235, and 240; figs. 182, 193, 197.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Atil, Esin, W. T. Chase, and Paul Jett. <em>Islamic Metalwork in the Freer Gallery of Art</em>. Washington, D.C.: The Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 120\u2013121, fig. 47.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ettinghausen, Richard, Oleg Grabar, and Sheila Blair.<em> The Art and Architecture of Islam, 650-1250</em>. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 365", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Makariou, Sophie. <em>L'orient de Saladin: l'art des Ayyoubides: exposition pre\u0301sente\u0301e a\u0300 l'Institut du monde arabe, Paris, du 23 octobre 2001 au 10 mars 2002</em>. [Paris]: Institut du monde arabe, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 113, p. 140.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kana'an, Ruba. \"The Biography of a Thirteenth-century Brass Ewer from Mosul.\" In <em>God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: The Object in Islamic Art and Culture</em>, pp. 177-194. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Qatar: in association with the Qatar Foundation, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts in Qatar, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180, fig. 156.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blair, Sheila and Jonathan Bloom. <em>God Is Beautiful and Loves Beauty: The Object in Islamic Art and Culture</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Qatar: in association with the Qatar Foundation, Virginia Commonwealth University, and Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts in Qatar, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 156, p. 180.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schick, Irvin Cemil. \"The Content of Form: Islamic Calligraphy between Text and Representation.\" In <em>Sign and Design: Script as Image in a Cross-Cultural Perspective (300-1600 CE) (Symposium).</em> Brigitte Bedos-Rezak, and Jeffrey F. Hamburger, eds., 173-194. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 175.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.11", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.11/1956.11_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "893", "filesize": "307619", "filename": "1956.11_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.11/1956.11_print.jpg", "width": "2848", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4655978", "filename": "1956.11_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.11/1956.11_full.tif", "width": "4608", "height": "5501", "filesize": "76073832", "filename": "1956.11_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.11/1956.11_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "300820"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.11/1956.11_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2704", 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"893", "filesize": "674665"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.11/1956.11_alt12_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1915", "filesize": "2835586"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.11/1956.11_alt12_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1915", "filesize": "8827564"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133460, "creators": [{"id": 1254, "description": "Ahmad al-Dhaki al-Mawsili (Iraqi, Mosul, active early 1200s?)", "extent": "inscribed by", "qualifier": null, "role": "inscription by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-01-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1223, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1223", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:51:33.706000"}, {"id": 173111, "accession_number": "1937.3202", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "White Violets and Coal Mine, 1918. Charles Burchfield (American, 1893\u20131967). Watercolor and gouache over graphite on wove paper; sheet: 58.8 x 54 cm (23 1/8 x 21 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1937.3202. Reproduced with permission from the Charles E. Burchfield Foundation", "current_location": null, "title": "White Violets and Coal Mine", "creation_date": "1918", "creation_date_earliest": 1918, "creation_date_latest": 1918, "artists_tags": ["male", "May Show", "Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "watercolor and gouache over graphite on wove paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 20th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 58.8 x 54 cm (23 1/8 x 21 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.588, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.54, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "Reproduced with permission from the Charles E. Burchfield Foundation", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 339882, "title": "An Exhibition of Water Colors and Oils by Charles Burchfield.", "description": "<i>An Exhibition of Water Colors and Oils by Charles Burchfield.</i>. Carnegie Institute.", "opening_date": "1938-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312428, "title": "Expressionism and Related Movements", "description": "<i>Expressionism and Related Movements</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 26-February 28, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 339885, "title": "Exhibition of Paintings by Charles Burchfield", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Paintings by Charles Burchfield</i>. The Cleveland School of Art.", "opening_date": "1941-04-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312144, "title": "Charles Burchfield: A Retrospective Exhibition of Watercolors and Oils 1916-1943", "description": "<i>Charles Burchfield: A Retrospective Exhibition of Watercolors and Oils 1916-1943</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 4-28, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355803, "title": "The Seasons as Represented in Art", "description": "<i>The Seasons as Represented in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 4-September 9, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-06-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301176, "title": "Charles Burchfield Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>Charles Burchfield Retrospective Exhibition</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art (January 11-February 26, 1956); The Baltimore Museum of Art (March 14-April 22, 1956); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (May 9-June 17, 1956); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (July 11-August 19, 1956); Los Angeles County Museum of Art (September 5-October 14, 1956); The Phillips Collection (November 4-December 11, 1956); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 28, 1956-February 10, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 703004, "title": "1959 January Show", "description": "<i>1959 January Show</i>. Kingwood Center Gardens, Mansfield, OH (organizer) (January 11-31, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 339889, "title": "Paintings by Charles Burchfield.", "description": "<i>Paintings by Charles Burchfield.</i>. Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Museum of American Art.", "opening_date": "1964-12-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338576, "title": "Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth", "description": "<i>Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (April 23-June 16, 1968); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum (June 28-August 18, 1968); Seattle Art Museum (September 5-October 13, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338569, "title": "The Nature of Charles Burchfield: A Memorial Exhibition, 1893\u20131967, Paints, Drawings, Prints", "description": "<i>The Nature of Charles Burchfield: A Memorial Exhibition, 1893\u20131967, Paints, Drawings, Prints</i>. Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (organizer) (April 3-June 14, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338503, "title": "The Early Works of Charles E. Burchfield 1915-1921", "description": "<i>The Early Works of Charles E. Burchfield 1915-1921</i>. Columbus Museum of Art (December 13, 1987-February 7, 1988); Laguna Art Museum (March 5, 1998-April 24, 1988); Burchfield Penney Art Center (May 14-July 3, 1998).", "opening_date": "1987-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338484, "title": "The Paintings of Charles Burchfield: North by Midwest", "description": "<i>The Paintings of Charles Burchfield: North by Midwest</i>. Columbus Museum of Art (March 25-May 19, 1997); Burchfield Penney Art Center (June 15-August 17, 1997); National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC (September 1, 1997-January 25, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-03-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 177916, "title": "Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age", "description": "<i>Burchfield to Schreckengost: Cleveland Art of the Jazz Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 28-July 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 313096, "title": "Charles Burchfield: The Ohio Landscapes, 1915\u20131920", "description": "<i>Charles Burchfield: The Ohio Landscapes, 1915\u20131920</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 22, 2018-May 5, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-12-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (gallery 228): March 25, 2009 - October 19, 2009.", "opening_date": "2009-03-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Early Water Colors of Charles Burchfield</em>. Phillips Memorial Gallery (November 5, 1933 - February 15, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-11-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Frank K.M. Rehn Gallery, NY, sold to Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2256.37", "3202.1937"], "did_you_know": "Most of the mines around Burchfield's hometown, Salem, Ohio, were out of use and abandoned even in his own time.", "description": "Around 1918, Charles Burchfield began to explore and draw deserted mines around his hometown, abandoned after their resources were depleted. Many of these works were made just before he was drafted into World War I, a time characterized by intense anxiety and depression. He saw a connection between these emotions and the mines he visited, which he described as having \u201cdark and gloomy depths . . . a luring mysteriousness.\u201d Here, he portrayed the cave as a seemingly infinite space, contrasting its shadowy interior with white violets blooming from cracks in the rocky landscape.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230223"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Maciejunes, Nannette V., and Michael D. Hall. <em>The Paintings of Charles Burchfield: North by Midwest</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. in association with the Columbus Museum of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 114, 220-221; Reproduced: 221", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by Charles Burchfield</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland School of Art, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 23; Reproduced on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trovato, Joseph S. <em>Charles Burchfield: Catalogue of Paintings in Public and Private Collections</em>. Utica: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77, no. 442; Reproduced: p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Townsend, J. Benjamin, ed. <em>Charles Burchfield's Journals: The Poetry of Place</em>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 339, 684 n.20; Reproduced: p. 338", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bauer, John I. H. <em>Charles Burchfield. </em>Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 30; Reproduced: plate 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maciejunes, Nannette V. <em>The Early Works of Charles E. Burchfield, 1915-1921</em>. Exh. Cat. Columbus: Columbus Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13, no. 56; Reproduced: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Charles Burchfield</em>. New York: American Artists Group, 1945.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Burchfield, Louise. \"A Watercolor by Charles Burchfield.\" <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Bulletin</em> (April 1938): 66, 71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66; Reproduced: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "O'Connor, John, Jr. \"Charles Burchfield: Exhibition of His Paintings at the Carnegie Institute.\" <em>Carnegie Magazine</em> 11 (March 1938): 309-312.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Trovato, Joseph S. <em>The Nature of Charles Burchfield: A Memorial Exhibition, 1893\u20131967, Paints, Drawings, Prints</em>. Exh. Cat. Utica, NY: Museum of Art, Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curry, Larry. <em>Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth</em>. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, no. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 23, p. 15, Reproduced: pl. XXX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burchfield, Louise H. \u201cA Water Color by Charles Burchfield.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 25, no. 4 (April 1938): 66, 71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66; Reproduced: p. 71", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137923"}, {"citation": "Foshay, Ella M. <em>Reflections of Nature: Flowers in American Art</em>. New York: Knopf, in association with the Whitney Museum of American Art, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79; Reproduced: p. 82, fig. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baur, John I. H. <em>The Inlander: Life and Work of Charles Burchfield 1893-1967</em>. Newark, Del: University of Delaware Press, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 85-86, 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "|<em> Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952/page/n19/mode/2up"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Straus 313; Trovato 442", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1937.3202", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 173111, "creators": [{"id": 3989, "description": "Charles Burchfield (American, 1893\u20131967)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles Burchfield was among the most original and poetic painters of the Cleveland modernist movement. Born in Ashtabula, he moved to Salem, Ohio, following the death of his father in 1898. After graduating from high school, he attended Cleveland School of Art, studying with William Eastman, Frederick Gottwald, Henry Keller, and Frank Wilcox. In 1914 Burchfield began attending Kokoon Klub exhibitions, and in spring 1915 he went to Brandywine to meet William Sommer. Around this time Burchfild began experimenting with the brilliant colors and simplified forms of the Berlin Heights painters. He painted his first mature works in 1915, and grad ed from the Cleveland School of Art with a degree in illustration the following spring. That summer the Cleveland School of Art sponsored his first solo exhibition, and in the fall, after attending the National Academy of Design in New York for one month, he returned to Salem. In February 1917 the Cleveland School of Art mounted his second solo exhibition. Burchfield was inducted into the army that summer. After his return in 1919 he exhibited with other Cleveland modernists at the Play House, Laukhuff\u2019 s Book store, and other Cleveland venues. In 1921 he went on an extended sketching trip through eastern Ohio with Keller, Wilcox, and Paul Travis, exhibiting these recent paintings at the Cleveland School of Art and in the May Show at the Cleveland Museum of Art. Later that year he moved to Buffalo to work as a wallpaper designer, a position he retained until he resigned in 1929 to become a full-time painter. Over the next 30 years he exhibited extensively at museums and galleries across the country. Solo exhibitions of his paintings were held at New York\u2019s Museum of Modern Art (1930), Pittsburgh\u2019 s Carnegie Institute of Art (1935, 1938, 1946), and Buffalo\u2019 s Albright-Knox Art Gallery (1944, 1955, 1963, 1967). In 1953 New York\u2019s Whitney Museum of American Art organized a major exhibition that traveled to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Burchfield died in West Seneca, New York. <br>\"Transformations in Cleveland Art\" (CMA, 1996), p. 224", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1893", "death_year": "1967", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1937-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1918, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1918", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-24 11:47:19.068000"}, {"id": 94966, "accession_number": "1915.527", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Catherine Greene, 1769. John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815). Oil on canvas; framed: 145.5 x 121 x 7 cm (57 5/16 x 47 5/8 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 125.7 x 101 cm (49 1/2 x 39 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1915.527", "current_location": null, "title": "Catherine Greene", "creation_date": "1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1769, "creation_date_latest": 1769, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 145.5 x 121 x 7 cm (57 5/16 x 47 5/8 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 125.7 x 101 cm (49 1/2 x 39 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.455, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.21, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.257, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.01, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"JSCp. 1769 [JSC in monogram]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518795, "title": "64th Anniversary of Opening of Gallery", "description": "<i>64th Anniversary of Opening of Gallery</i>. Vose Gallery, Boston, MA (organizer) (March 7-25, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 221909, "title": "Turkish Fashion in 18th-century America", "description": "<i>Turkish Fashion in 18th-century America</i>. Timken Museum of Art, San Diego, CA (organizer) (December 10, 1998-April 11, 1999); Canton Museum of Art, Canton, OH (April 25-June 13, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-12-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180609, "title": "CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits", "description": "<i>CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29-December 17, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Providence, RI, Rhode Island School of Design (1915 or before?) (see R.C. Vose letter 28 June 1015).", "opening_date": "1915-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland School of Art, A Group of Paintings by Early American Artists (17 January - 1 February 1915).", "opening_date": "1915-01-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition (6 June - 20 September 1916), cat. no. 127, p. 38, illus. p. 251.", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition (26 June-4 October, 1936), cat. no. 22, pp. 21-22.", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus, OH, The Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts, The Colonial Americas (9 October - 9 November 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-10-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Vose Galleries of Boston, Inc., A Loan Exhibition Honoring Robert Churchill Vose on Commencing his Sixty-Fifth Year as Head of this Firm: Forty Paintings Which have Passed Through his Hands (7 - 25 March 1961), cat. no. 9.", "opening_date": "1961-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum (6 June - 8 September 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Diego, CA, The Timken Museum of Art, John Singleton Copley and Margaret Kemble Gage: Turkish Fashion in 18th Century America (10 December 1998 - 11 April 1999); traveled to Canton, OH, Canton Art Museum (25 April - 13 June 1999), cat. no. 3, p. 17.", "opening_date": "1999-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (August 29 - December 17, 2006): \"CMA @ Oberlin - American Portraits\"", "opening_date": "2006-08-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Margaret Greene Spencer, sister of the sitter; Phebe Greene Ward; John Ward, son of Phebe Greene Ward; Charles Henry Ward, grandnephew of John Ward, inherited in 1866; Mary M. Ward, widow of Charles Henry Ward; (New York sale 1914); (Vose Gallery, Boston: the first painting bought by the Museum, 1915).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["202.1915"], "did_you_know": "Small, shimmering pearls in the woman's hair and on her sleeves add an opulent touch to this portrait.", "description": "The Boston painter Copley's virtuosity at rendering luxurious textiles was precisely the kind of talent that appealed to his patrons. In 1769 the prosperous merchant John Greene commissioned a portrait of himself and this portrait of his wife, Catherine (1735\u20131785), after thirteen years of marriage. Shown at the age of 34, Mrs. Greene wears a fanciful costume inspired by ancient styles, strikes a pose derived from an English engraving, and pretends to lean against a rock that looks as insubstantial as a theatrical prop. This likeness places Mrs. Greene in an ideal realm far removed from mundane matters. The frame is original.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502211"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1915.527-catherine-greene"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Perkins, Augustus Thorndike. <em>A Sketch of the Life and a List of Some of the Works of John Singleton Copley</em>. Boston: Priv. Print, 1873.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clarke, Louise Brownell, George Sears Greene, and F. V. Greene. <em>The Greenes of Rhode Island: With Historical Records of English Ancestry, 1534-1902</em>. New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1903.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bayley, Frank W. <em>The Life and Works of John Singleton Copley: founded on the Work of Augustus Thorndike Perkins</em>. Boston: Taylor Press, 1915.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129-130", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Collection of Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 2, no. 2 (1915): 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; mentioned: p. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136018"}, {"citation": "Bell, Hamilton. \"Early American Portraits at The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The American Magazine of Art.</em> 7:12 (October, 1916). p. 484-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 484-488; Reproduced: p. 488", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Katharine. <em>The Goldsmith of Florence: A Book of Great Craftsmen</em>. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150-70; Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bolton, Theodore and Harry Lorin Binsee. \"John Singleton Copley.\" <em>The Antiquarian</em>. 15:6 (December, 1930). p. 76-84.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 76-84; Reproduced: p. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parker, Barbara Neville, and Anne Bolling Wheeler. <em>John Singleton Copley; American Portraits in Oil, Pastel, and Miniature with Biographical Sketches</em>. Boston, MA: Museum of Fine Arts, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90-91; Reproduced: plate 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sellers, Charles Coleman. \"Mezzotint Prototypes of Colonial Portraiture: A Survey Based on the Research of Waldron Phoenix Belknap, Jr.\" <em>The Art Quarterly.</em> 20:4 (Winter, 1957). p. 407-68.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 407-68; Reproduced: p. 448, fig. 37A", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 530", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n98"}, {"citation": "Belknap, Waldron Phoenix, Jr. <em>American Colonial Painting: Materials for a History. </em>Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 307, no. 40A, plate XXXVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Prown, Jules David. <em>John Singleton Copley: In America 1738-1774</em>. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 216, fig. 261", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n184"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 60:1 (January, 1973). p. 1-36.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24, fig. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 198", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n218"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tieken, Nancy B., et. al. <em>American Art from the Currier Gallery of Art.</em> New York: The American Federation of Arts, 1995", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. X, cat. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hecksher, Morrison H. \"Copley's Picture Frames.\" <em>John Singleton Copley in America.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 151", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barratt, Carrie Rebora. <em>John Singleton Copley and Margaret Kemble Gage: Turkish Fashion in 18th-Century America</em>. San Diego, CA: Putnam Foundation, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17, cat. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Two by Copley.\" <em>Cleveland Art.</em> 46 (October, 2006).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-08/page/6"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952/page/n15/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1915.527", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.527/1915.527_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "893", "filesize": "384811", "filename": "1915.527_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.527/1915.527_print.jpg", "width": "2730", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5774818", "filename": "1915.527_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.527/1915.527_full.tif", "width": "4817", "height": "6000", "filesize": "86738588", "filename": "1915.527_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.527/1915.527_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "893", "filesize": "493901"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.527/1915.527_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2853", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6714070"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1915.527/1915.527_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3294", "height": "3925", "filesize": "38831800"}, "date_created": "2008-08-13T13:40:56", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 94966, "creators": [{"id": 2409, "description": "John Singleton Copley (American, 1738\u20131815)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1738", "death_year": "1815", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1915-06-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1769, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. John Greene"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:03:49.160000"}, {"id": 155859, "accession_number": "1991.162", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Untitled (Farm Animals), 1850s. Adolphe Braun (French, 1812\u20131877). Albumen print from wet collodion negative; image: 28 x 39.4 cm (11 x 15 1/2 in.); framed: 53.7 x 63.8 cm (21 1/8 x 25 1/8 in.); matted: 50.8 x 61 cm (20 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund, 1991.162", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "Untitled (Farm Animals)", "creation_date": "1850s", "creation_date_earliest": 1845, "creation_date_latest": 1855, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "albumen print from wet collodion negative", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "Photography", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 28 x 39.4 cm (11 x 15 1/2 in.); Framed: 53.7 x 63.8 cm (21 1/8 x 25 1/8 in.); Matted: 50.8 x 61 cm (20 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.28, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.394, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "framed": {"height": 0.537, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.638, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "matted": {"height": 0.508, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.61, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311876, "title": "Legacy of Light: Seven Masters in Depth", "description": "<i>Legacy of Light: Seven Masters in Depth</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 20-February 2, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208365, "title": "Image and Enterprise: The Photographs of Adolphe Braun", "description": "<i>Image and Enterprise: The Photographs of Adolphe Braun</i>. Rhode Island School of Design (February 4-April 22, 2000); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 18-August 27, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 197576, "title": "France at the Dawn of Photography", "description": "<i>France at the Dawn of Photography</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 24, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, January 28 - March 15, 1992: \"Selected  1991 Acquisitions,\" CMA Bulletin, 79 (February 1991), p. 77, repr. p. 73.", "opening_date": "1992-01-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, November 20,1996 - February 2, 1997: \"Legacy of Light: Seven Masters in Depth.\"", "opening_date": "1997-02-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Providence, RI: Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design (2/4/00 - 4/22/00); CMA (6/18/00 - 8/27/2000).  \"Image and Enterprise: The Photographs of Adolphe Braun\"  cat. no. 47, p. 146 (repr.).", "opening_date": "2000-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (10/04/2009 - 01/24/2010); \"France at the Dawn of Photography\"", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marc Pagneux, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Oxen and horses were essential elements of 19th-century farming; they pulled the plows and other farm equipment, some of which is visible behind the animals here.", "description": "While the animals and farmers are in sharp focus in Adolphe Braun's photograph, the buildings are blurred, suggesting that perhaps Braun intended to market these photographs to visual artists as models rather than intending them to be hung on people\u2019s walls as a substitute for a painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60748110"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.162-untitled-farm-animal"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Selected 1991 Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 2 (1992): 63-83.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73; Mentioned: p. 77", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161350"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 112", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.162", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.162/1991.162_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "850", "filesize": "622225", "filename": "1991.162_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.162/1991.162_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2287", "filesize": "4072449", "filename": "1991.162_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.162/1991.162_full.tif", "width": "5682", "height": "3822", "filesize": "65181068", "filename": "1991.162_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 155859, "creators": [{"id": 274, "description": "Adolphe Braun (French, 1812\u20131877)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Adolphe Braun French, 1812-1877\r\n\r\nAdolphe Braun, a French textile designer born in Besan\u00e7on and trained in Paris, opened his own studio in Dornach, Alsace, before becoming involved in photography in the early 1850s. He produced several early floral textile designs that were published as lithographs. In 1853 Braun began work on a large album of some 300 photographic still-life studies of flowers, intended as aids for artists in the field of decorative arts. The work met with such success at the 1855 Exposition Universelle in Paris that he left the field of design for photography. Braun's carefully executed still lifes are considered to be among the finest ever done.\r\n\tFrom the mid-1850s on, Braun's firm, Adolphe Braun et Cie., later headed by his son Gaston (1845\u20131928), became one of the world's largest studios and publishers of topographical views and of reproductions of works of art. In the latter effort, their importance was in part due to Gaston's success with the orthochromatic process, in which photographic reproductions retained a tonal range very close to that of the original work of art. Braun et Cie. were the official photographers to Napol\u00e9on III and Pope Pius IX. Their reproductions of works in the Louvre, the Sistine Chapel, and many other subjects in architecture, sculpture, painting, and drawing, sometimes using the more permanent carbon or Woodburytype processes, were offered in all sizes and formats, and became the standard in their field. The number of negatives taken by the Brauns or their operators was variously estimated in 1870 to be between 4,000 and 8,000. The Brauns were members of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de photographie. Both were awarded the French Legion of Honor-Adolphe in 1860, and Gaston in 1892. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1812", "death_year": "1877", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-12-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1845, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1850s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:05:56.457000"}, {"id": 156101, "accession_number": "1991.35", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Notre-Dame, Paris, 1852\u201353. \u00c9douard Baldus (French, 1813\u20131889). Salted paper print from wet collodion negative; image: 29.5 x 44.7 cm (11 5/8 x 17 5/8 in.); matted: 50.8 x 61 cm (20 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edwin R. and Harriet Pelton Perkins Memorial Fund, 1991.35", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "Notre-Dame, Paris", "creation_date": "1852\u201353", "creation_date_earliest": 1852, "creation_date_latest": 1853, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "salted paper print from wet collodion negative", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "PH - French 19th Century", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 29.5 x 44.7 cm (11 5/8 x 17 5/8 in.); Matted: 50.8 x 61 cm (20 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.295, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.447, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "matted": {"height": 0.508, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.61, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 178867, "title": "Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 26-June 16, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 223311, "title": "Impressionist France: Visions of Nation from Le Gray to Monet", "description": "<i>Impressionist France: Visions of Nation from Le Gray to Monet</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (October 19, 2013-February 9, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Ecole Nationale Superieure des Beaux-Arts, October 27 - December 6, 1982: \"La Photographie Comme Modele,\" p. 63, no. 61.", "opening_date": "1982-10-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, June 7 - September 15, 1991: \"Notable Acquisitions,\" CMA Bulletin, 78 (June 1991), p. 92, repr.", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 26 - June 16, 2005 . \"Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art\".", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (10/19/2013 - 2/9/2014):  \"Impressionist France: Visions of Nation from Le Gray to Monet\"", "opening_date": "2013-10-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Alain Paviot, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One of the major monuments of Paris, the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris was built in the 1100s, renovated in the 1700s, and in need of restoration by the 1800s.", "description": "\u00c9douard Baldus photographed the side of the famed cathedral to capture the volume of the structure. Visible from this angle are two workshops for the church\u2019s restoration, some of the construction materials, and scaffolding on three of its flying buttresses (architectural structures that form an arch with the wall they support).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760355"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.35-notre-dame-paris"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 92", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 91", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.35", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.35/1991.35_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "839", "filesize": "723584", "filename": "1991.35_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.35/1991.35_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2258", "filesize": "4703881", "filename": "1991.35_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.35/1991.35_full.tif", "width": "6016", "height": "3996", "filesize": "72150480", "filename": "1991.35_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Edwin R. and Harriet Pelton Perkins Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 156101, "creators": [{"id": 214, "description": "\u00c9douard Baldus (French, 1813\u20131889)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "\u00c9douard Baldus French, b. Prussia, 1813 - 1889\r\n\r\nThe large and regal prints made by \u00c9douard-Denis Baldus are widely agreed to be among the finest photographic images ever produced. After serving as an artillery officer in the Prussian army, Baldus left his native country for France during the 1830s to become a painter. He exhibited his paintings of religious subjects, portraits, and genre scenes in the Paris Salons from 1841 - 51 and was naturalized as a French citizen in 1849, the same year his interests turned to photography.\r\n\tCombining his training in painting with an inquisitive, inventive technical expertise, Baldus produced a body of work of exceptional quality and interest. His subjects included architecture, landscape, and engineering feats. In 1851 the Commission des monuments historiques selected him for the Missions h\u00e9liographique\u2014a government project that sponsored the photographing of endangered classical and medieval architecture in France. For this important series Baldus produced views of Burgundy, Provence, and the Dauphin\u00e9, and the following year he completed a commission for the Ministry of the Interior. In 1855 he began his photography of railroads, some of his most distinctive work. A copy of his album recording the line between Paris and Boulogne was presented to Queen Victoria. He also documented the flooding of the Rhone, as well as construction of the new Louvre and other Paris views.\r\n\tA founding member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 h\u00e9liographique and a member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de photographie (1857), Baldus exhibited his photographs widely in London, Amsterdam, Edinburgh, Brussels, and Paris and won numerous medals of award. A master printer, he produced combination prints in the early 1850s, frequently retouching his images with pencil and ink. His best work appears most often in specially assembled albums -- such as Les principaux Monuments de la France reproduits en h\u00e9liogravure par E. Baldus, published in 1875 from plates drawn from earlier negatives. Today, his work continues to be much sought after and to set a standard by which other photographers are judged. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1813", "death_year": "1889", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-04-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1852, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1852\u201353", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:06:49.022000"}, {"id": 111818, "accession_number": "1930.336", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pawing Bull, 500\u2013475 BCE. South Italy, Lucania, Greek. Bronze; overall: 10.6 x 5 cm (4 3/16 x 1 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.336", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Pawing Bull", "creation_date": "500\u2013475 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -500, "creation_date_latest": -475, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South Italy, Lucania, Greek"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 10.6 x 5 cm (4 3/16 x 1 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.106, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.05, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "length": 0.182, "length_inch": 7, "length_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442557, "title": "Ancient Art of Greece and Rome", "description": "<i>Ancient Art of Greece and Rome</i>. Allentown Art Museum, Allentown, PA (organizer) (September 16-December 29, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-09-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Professor Heinrich Bulle, W\u00fcrzburg, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Before 1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, purchased from Dr. Jacob Hirsch, through Harold Parsons", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This solid-cast bronze bull is nearly intact, missing only its tail.", "description": "With its head slightly lowered and right foreleg raised in a pawing motion, this robust bull seems poised for action. The pose closely resembles that of bulls on coins minted at Thurii, a Greek colony in South Italy, but the statuette seems earlier in date and could have other associations. Perhaps the bull once carried the princess Europa, for example, or battled a lion or a hero. Alternatively, it may have stood alone as a small-scale offering, representing the actual bulls sometimes sacrificed to deities.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762035"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.336-pawing-bull"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "S. Wunderlich. \"A Statuette of a Bull.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 18, no. 3 (1931): 52-54.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137371"}, {"citation": "Jantzen, Ulf. <em>Bronzewerksta\u0308tten in Grossgriechenland und Sizilien</em>. Berlin: W. de Gruyter, 1937.", "page_number": "Pp. 13, 27, Taf. 9, fig. 38.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fraser, A.D. \"The Bronze Bull in Cleveland,\" <em>Humanistic Studies in Honor of John Calvin Metcalf, University of Virginia Studies</em>, vol. 1 (Charlottesville, VA, 1941): 1-11.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Elderkin, G. W. <em>American Journal of Archaeology</em> 46, no. 1 (1942): 149 (review of Fraser 1941). doi:10.2307/499117.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margarete. \"Greek Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Art in America </em>Vol. 31, No. 3 (July 1943). Pp. 113-114 (Fig. 3), 119.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n19"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n46"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n44"}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"A Medley of Bulls.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 1 (1971): 10-19.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152357"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n44"}, {"citation": "Holloway, R. Ross. <em>Art and Coinage in Magna Graecia. </em>Bellinzona [Switzerland]: Edizioni Arte e Moneta, 1978.", "page_number": "Pp. 55, 129 (ill.).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Allentown Art Museum, Gloria Ferrari, and Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway. <em>Aspects of Ancient Greece: An Exhibition Organized by the Allentown Art Museum with the Cooperation of Gloria Ferrari Pinney and Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway ... </em>Allentown Art Museum, September 16 Through December 30, 1979. [Allentown, Pa.]: The Museum, 1979.", "page_number": "Pp. 208-9, cat. 101.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n23"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.336", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.336/1930.336_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "544", "filesize": "167121", "filename": "1930.336_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.336/1930.336_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2056", "filesize": "1290199", "filename": "1930.336_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.336/1930.336_full.tif", "width": "7834", "height": "4738", "filesize": "111379836", "filename": "1930.336_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.336/1930.336_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "544", "filesize": "164443"}, "print": {"url": 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"width": "1263", "height": "806", "filesize": "559173"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.336/1930.336_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2169", "filesize": "3921911"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.336/1930.336_alt8_full.tif", "width": "5568", "height": "3552", "filesize": "59353568"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:30:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.336/1930.336_alt9_web.jpg", "width": "1060", "height": "893", "filesize": "458297"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.336/1930.336_alt9_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2865", "filesize": "4515108"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.336/1930.336_alt9_full.tif", "width": "4796", "height": "4042", "filesize": "58177268"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:30:26", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111818, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500\u2013475 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Charging Bull"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:55:33.082000"}, {"id": 129220, "accession_number": "1952.112", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Mass of Saint Gregory, 1511. Hans Baldung (German, 1484/85\u20131545). Oil and tempera on wood; framed: 126 x 142.5 x 8.5 cm (49 5/8 x 56 1/8 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 89.2 x 125 cm (35 1/8 x 49 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1952.112", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "The Mass of Saint Gregory", "creation_date": "1511", "creation_date_earliest": 1511, "creation_date_latest": 1511, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Strassburg, 16th century"], "technique": "oil and tempera on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Renaissance", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 126 x 142.5 x 8.5 cm (49 5/8 x 56 1/8 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 89.2 x 125 cm (35 1/8 x 49 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.26, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.425, "width_inch": 56, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.085, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.892, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.25, "width_inch": 49, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 702998, "title": "Hans Baldung Grien", "description": "<i>Hans Baldung Grien</i>. Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany (organizer) (July 4-September 27, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-07-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 179384, "title": "Draped in Splendor: Renaissance Textiles and the Church", "description": "<i>Draped in Splendor: Renaissance Textiles and the Church</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 7, 2003-September 26, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-09-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 295411, "title": "Hans Baldung Grien", "description": "<i>Hans Baldung Grien</i>. Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany (organizer) (November 30, 2019-March 8, 2020) https://www.kunsthalle-karlsruhe.de/en/exhibition/hans-baldung-grien-2/.", "opening_date": "2019-11-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "St. John's Convent, Strasbourg, as late as the 18th century;  (listed in an inventory of 1741); Marquis de Villefranche; Henkell coll., Wiesbaden; (Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Saint Gregory was a 6th-century pope and one of the fathers of the early Roman church. The artist, Hans Baldung, chose to depict the historical legend of Gregory's vision in a scene reminiscent of his own time period, 900 years after this pope actually lived.", "description": "Saint Gregory was a late 6th-century pope and one of the fathers of the early Roman Church. This painting depicts the popular legend in which Gregory once overheard an onlooker express doubts about Christ\u2019s actual presence at the altar during mass. In response, the saint\u2019s immense faith was rewarded by a vision of Christ surrounded by the instruments and symbols of his passion. Saint Gregory, vested in his chasuble, kneels in the center, flanked by priests who share his amazement. This painting was part of an altarpiece commissioned by Erhard K\u00fcnig, a member of a charitable lay order for a monastery near Strassburg. K\u00fcnig stands at the far right wearing a Maltese cross. The two wings of the altar, showing respectively Saint John the Evangelist and Saint John the Baptist, are in New York and Washington. Hans Baldung was both a painter and a printmaker and is regarded as one of the most gifted students of Albrecht D\u00fcrer.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515917"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.112-the-mass-of-saint-gr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"'Mass of St. Gregory' by Hans Baldung Grien.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>39, no. 7 (September 1952): 184-187.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 180-181; Mentioned: p. 184-187", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141813"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 461", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n84"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"The Stag Hunt.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>46, no. 9 (November 1959): 198-205.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142361"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n134"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n134"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n108"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 160-162; Reproduced: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "B\u00e9, Kenneth. \"Conservation Treatment of the Pintoricchio Madonna and Child.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 8 (1991): 360-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 373, p. 364", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161340"}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 238", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Strickland, Debra Higgs. <em>The Epiphany of Hieronymus Bosch: Imagining Antichrist and Others from the Middle Ages to the Reformation.</em> London: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 152, 157, 185; Reproduced: p. 154, fig. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Holger Jacob-Friesen. <em>Hans Baldung Grien: Heilig, Unhei</em>lig. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 136-139, fig. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dal Pra\u0300, Laura, Marina Carmignani, and Paolo Peri. Fili d'oro e dipinti di seta: velluti e ricami tra Gotico e Rinascimento. 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 147-148, fig. 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pregla, Barbara, Anja Preiss, and Evemarie Schaper. <em>Die Textilien im Domschatz zu Halberstadt: Bestandskatalog.</em> [Riggisberg, Switzerland]: Abegg-Stiftung, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 353, n. 20, vol. 1; p. 175-176, n. 9, vol. 2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.112", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.112/1952.112_web.jpg", "width": "1248", "height": "893", "filesize": "1039449", "filename": "1952.112_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.112/1952.112_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1466", "filesize": "2852985", "filename": "1952.112_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.112/1952.112_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1466", "filesize": "9010220", "filename": "1952.112_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.112/1952.112_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "892", "filesize": "926698"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.112/1952.112_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2401", "filesize": "6415746"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.112/1952.112_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5829", "height": "4116", "filesize": "72010972"}, "date_created": "2009-02-11T16:56:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129220, "creators": [{"id": 2644, "description": "Hans Baldung (German, 1484/85\u20131545)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1484", "death_year": "1545", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-03-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1511, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1511", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:59:35.818000"}, {"id": 130039, "accession_number": "1952.459", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pectoral (Chest Plaque), 400\u2013900. Intermediate Region, Panama, Conte style, 5th-10th Century. Gold alloy; overall: 25.1 x 26.7 cm (9 7/8 x 10 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. R. Henry Norweb, Mrs. Albert S. Ingalls, with additions from the John L. Severance Fund, 1952.459", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Pectoral (Chest Plaque)", "creation_date": "400\u2013900", "creation_date_earliest": 400, "creation_date_latest": 900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Intermediate Region, Panama, Conte style, 5th-10th Century"], "technique": "gold alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 25.1 x 26.7 cm (9 7/8 x 10 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.251, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.267, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; November 9, 1945- January 6, 1946. \"Art of the Americas.\"", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23-April 3, 1966.  \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Chicago, Illinois: The Art Institute of Chicago; October 10, 1992-January 3, 1993. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; June 6- August 15, 1993. \"The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscape.\" Fig. 5, repr. p. 220, cat, no. 53.", "opening_date": "1993-06-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., to John Wise Ltd. Galleries, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930s-1952", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(John Wise Ltd. Galleries, New York, NY, 1952, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-present", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": "Sitio Conte, Panama", "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Panning for gold was viewed as a sacred activity among the ancient inhabitants of Costa Rica and Panama.", "description": "Harvard archaeologists excavated this and seven other ornaments from several burials at Sitio Conte, a cemetery famous for its lavish graves of powerful chieftains. The young man buried in Grave 26 was such a chief. His status was stunningly memorialized by 21 human companions and 475 objects, many of them personal ornaments made of gold, including a large chest plaque and a rod-shaped ear ornament. The creature on the chest plaque, found close to the chief\u2019s body, has reptile claws and perhaps the head crest of an iguana. Its meaning is unknown but perhaps, as in later periods, reptilian imagery and the warm gleam of gold linked rulers with the sun\u2019s creative force.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757121"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.459-pectoral-chest-plaqu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology</em>, Cocle, Vol. 7.", "page_number": "fig. 247, no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 381", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n71"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 294", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n318"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>1967.", "page_number": "No. 237", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 294", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n318"}, {"citation": "GENTILLE, Thomas. [Step by Step Jewelry.]<em> Jewellery. A Complete Introduction to the Craft of Jewellery</em>. London: Evans Bros, 1973.", "page_number": "p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 398", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n418"}, {"citation": "Hearne, Pamela, and Robert J. Sharer. <em>River of Gold--Precolumbian Treasures from Sitio Conte</em>. Philadelphia: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 22-31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Townsend, Richard F., and Anthony F. Aveni. <em>The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes. </em>Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 220", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 109, p. 98, 220", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jones, Julie. <em>Art of Pre-Columbian Gold: The Jan Mitchell Collection.</em> [Place of publication not identified]: Metropolitan Mus Of Art, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 336-337", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergh, Susan E. \"'The Art of Those Who Lived Here Before the White Man Came': Collecting the Ancient Americas at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>Collecting the \u201cOther Americas\u201d: Ancient Americas Collections in American Art Museums, </em>edited by Victoria I. Lyall, and Ellen Hoobler, 67- 82. Denver, Colorado: Mayer Center for Ancient and Latin American Art at the Denver Art Museum, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 70-71, fig. 6", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.459", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.459/1952.459_web.jpg", "width": "995", "height": "893", "filesize": "529307", "filename": "1952.459_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.459/1952.459_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3050", "filesize": "6589279", "filename": "1952.459_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.459/1952.459_full.tif", "width": "5451", "height": "4891", "filesize": "80023828", "filename": "1952.459_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.459/1952.459_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1013", "height": "893", "filesize": "541862"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.459/1952.459_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2996", "filesize": "6267005"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.459/1952.459_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5146", "height": "4535", "filesize": "70057420"}, "date_created": "2011-11-03T17:00:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.459/1952.459_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1067", "height": "893", "filesize": "699907"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.459/1952.459_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1835", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2185322"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.459/1952.459_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1835", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8458932"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. R. Henry Norweb, Mrs. Albert S. Ingalls, with additions from the John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130039, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u2013900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Plaque with Reptilian Being", "Supernatural Crocodilian Plaque"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:42:39.589000"}, {"id": 142279, "accession_number": "1966.116", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Shakyamuni as an Ascetic, early 1300s. China, Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368). Gilt bronze with polychromy; overall: 44.2 x 31.8 cm (17 3/8 x 12 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1966.116", "current_location": "241C Chinese Buddhist Sculptures", "title": "Shakyamuni as an Ascetic", "creation_date": "early 1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1325, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368)"], "technique": "gilt bronze with polychromy", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Yuan Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 44.2 x 31.8 cm (17 3/8 x 12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.442, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.318, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 443573, "title": "The Art of the Oriental Bronze Metallurgist", "description": "<i>The Art of the Oriental Bronze Metallurgist</i>. Lowe Art Museum, Miami, FL (organizer) (January 19-February 26, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-01-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 24, 1968). Asia House, New York, NY (January 16-March 2, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-10-01T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Art of the Oriental Metallurgist; China, Korea, Japan, 1500 BC to AD 1912</em>. The Lowe Art Museum, The University of Miami, Miami, FL (January 19-February 26, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-01-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Eduard Lingero, Belgium, sold to Claude De Marteau)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940s?\u20131961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Claude De Marteau [d. 2017], Brussels, Belgium, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961\u20131966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although the historical Buddha is here portrayed during a time of spiritual discipline and abstention from earthly pleasures, his robe has a sumptuous, elaborately decorated border.", "description": "This statue is of monumental scale and exceptionally fine workmanship. A work of this size and quality was likely to have been made in the official workshops under imperial auspices. The image of the ascetic Shakyamuni (the historical Buddha) is both powerful and immediate. Shakyamuni is portrayed in a state of contemplative meditation with closed eyes and an inward smile. He leans forward, head and hands resting on an upraised knee. The representation speaks eloquently of his withdrawal from the world to attain self-realization. It recalls another famous iconic image in the Cleveland collection depicting Shakyamuni descending from the mountains after enlightenment, <a href=\"http://www.clevelandart.org/art/1970.2\">CMA 1970.2</a>.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741297"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.116-shakyamuni-as-an-asc"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1966.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em> 21 (1967): 75\u2013103.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 78\u201379, fig. 14", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20110997"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n285"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 7 (September 1966): 181\u2013285.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 153, pp. 271, 285; Reproduced: no. 153, p. 270", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n285"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 345", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n365"}, {"citation": "Snellgrove, David L., and Jean Boisselier. <em>The Image of the Buddha</em>. 1st ed. Tokyo, Paris: Kodansha International ; Unesco, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 375, plate 297, p. 374", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dursun, Brian A.<em> The Art of the Oriental Bronze Metallurgist, China, Korea, Japan 1500 B.C. - A.D. 1911: [Exhibition] Lowe Art Museum/University of Miami, January 19 - February 26, 1978</em>. Coral Gables, FL: The Museum, 1978.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Ulrich von. <em>Indo-Tibetan Bronzes</em>. 1st ed. Hong Kong, Glattbrugg, Switzerland: Visual Dharma Publications; Sole distributor, Nanda Distribution, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 143E, p. 514; Reproduced: p. 515", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662. <em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xiang</em> [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf= Chinese art in overseas collections. Buddhist sculpture]. Taibei Shi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 159", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rogers, Howard. \"Questioning Authority.\" <em>Orientations</em> (Jan/Feb 2005) vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 56\u201363.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Be\u0301guin, Gilles.<em> Buddhist Art : An Historical and Cultural Journey</em>. English ed. Bangkok: River Books, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 329, fig. 110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Jules Speelman: 8 at 80</em>. Hong Kong: Bonhams, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.116", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.116/1966.116_web.jpg", "width": "652", "height": "893", "filesize": "408293", "filename": "1966.116_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.116/1966.116_print.jpg", "width": "2483", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5201949", "filename": "1966.116_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.116/1966.116_full.tif", "width": "3651", "height": "5000", "filesize": "54784448", "filename": "1966.116_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.116/1966.116_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "652", "height": "893", "filesize": "424451"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.116/1966.116_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2483", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5281721"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.116/1966.116_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3651", "height": "5000", "filesize": "54785180"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142279, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sakyamuni as an Ascetic"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:35.997000"}, {"id": 147036, "accession_number": "1972.6", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Statuette of Harpocrates, c. 50 BCE. Greece, Greco-Roman Period, late Ptolemaic Dynasty. Bronze, hollow cast, with silver inlays; overall: 27 x 10.2 x 8.6 cm (10 5/8 x 4 x 3 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1972.6", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Statuette of Harpocrates", "creation_date": "c. 50 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -70, "creation_date_latest": -30, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, Greco-Roman Period, late Ptolemaic Dynasty"], "technique": "bronze, hollow cast, with silver inlays", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 27 x 10.2 x 8.6 cm (10 5/8 x 4 x 3 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.27, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.102, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.086, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 521173, "title": "Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession", "description": "<i>Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 1, 2023-January 28, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Small Sculptures in Bronze from the Classical World</em>, William Hayes Ackland Memorial Art Center, Chapel Hill, N.C., (March 7 - April 18, 1976)", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Gods Delight: The Human Figure in Classical Bronze.</em> The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (16 November 1988- 8 January 1989); The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (9 February - 9 April 1989); Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Boston, MA (9 May - July 1989)", "opening_date": "1989-02-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Robert Hecht (1919\u20132012), New York, NY (said by Hecht to have been purchased from a family in England in whose possession it had been for about a century. Said by Hecht to have been brought from Egypt c. 1870)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "\u20131972", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The gesture this figure makes refers to the Egyptian hieroglyph for child, <em>nn</em>, \ud80c\udc01.", "description": "Combining Hellenistic naturalism with a finger gesture associated with childhood in Egyptian tradition, this young figure represents Harpocrates, the Greek form of the Egyptian child sun god Horus, or Hor-pa-khred. A hole atop his head likely once held a double crown of Egypt, as on more traditionally Egyptian representations of Harpocrates.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757647"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.6-statuette-of-harpocr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Arielle P. Kozloff. An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: [The Museum], 1970.", "page_number": "p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"Harpocrates, the Dutiful Son.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 10 (1972)", "page_number": "pp. 284-90", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152456"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1972.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 3 (1973)", "page_number": "p. 106", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25093732"}, {"citation": "Zick, Gisela. \"Amor0Harpokrates: Zur Wirkungsgeschichte und Ikonographischen Herleitung einer Skulptur von Etienne0Maurice Falconet,\" <em>Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch </em>37 (1975).", "page_number": "pp. 224-25 fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, Emeline, and G. Kenneth Sams. Small Sculptures in Bronze from the Classical World: An Exhibit in Honor of Emeline Hill Richardson : The William Hayes Ackland Memorial Art Center and the Department of Classics of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, March 7-April 18, 1976. [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: The Center, 1976.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Swan Hall, Emma. \"Harpocrates and Other Child Deities in Ancient Egyptian Sculpture.\" <em>Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt (JARCE) </em>56 (1977).", "page_number": "pp. 56-7, pl. XXVII", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n47"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, A.P. \"Harpocrates and the Sacred Goose.\" <em>The Ancient World</em> 3, No. 3 (September 1980).", "page_number": "figs. 4-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"The Egyptian Collection of the Cleveland Museum o Art,\" <em>Newsletter of the American Research Center in Egypt</em> 125 (Spring 1984)", "page_number": "p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., David Gordon Mitten, and Suzannah Fabing. The Gods Delight: The Human Figure in Classical Bronze. Cleveland, Ohio: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. Classical Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection, the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland]: The Museum, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 15, fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n27"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Lawrence Michael Berman, and Kenneth J. Bohac\u030c. Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, OH]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 474-475, Cat. No. 367", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.6/1972.6_web.jpg", "width": "554", "height": "893", "filesize": "232652", "filename": "1972.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.6/1972.6_print.jpg", "width": "2110", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2934466", "filename": "1972.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.6/1972.6_full.tif", "width": "2420", "height": "3900", "filesize": "28334956", "filename": "1972.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.6/1972.6_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "576", "height": "893", "filesize": "227204"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.6/1972.6_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2193", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2932623"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.6/1972.6_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2516", "height": "3900", "filesize": "29458168"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:34:15", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147036, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-01-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -70, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 50 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:32:26.871000"}, {"id": 156887, "accession_number": "1992.96", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Future (Woman in Stockholm), 1917. Gabriele M\u00fcnter (German, 1877\u20131962). Oil on canvas; framed: 114.3 x 81.3 x 7 cm (45 x 32 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 97.5 x 63.8 cm (38 3/8 x 25 1/8 in.); former: 123.8 x 89.9 x 6.4 cm (48 3/4 x 35 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Taplin Jr., 1992.96. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "Future (Woman in Stockholm)", "creation_date": "1917", "creation_date_earliest": 1917, "creation_date_latest": 1917, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["Germany, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 114.3 x 81.3 x 7 cm (45 x 32 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 97.5 x 63.8 cm (38 3/8 x 25 1/8 in.); Former: 123.8 x 89.9 x 6.4 cm (48 3/4 x 35 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.143, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.813, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.975, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.638, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "former": {"height": 1.238, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.899, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.064, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  M\u00fcnter / 8.IV.17 [inscribed lower right:  An Peter]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 215262, "title": "Gabriele M\u00fcnter:  The Years of Expressionism, 1900-1920", "description": "<i>Gabriele M\u00fcnter:  The Years of Expressionism, 1900-1920</i>. Milwaukee Art Museum, Milwaukee, WI (organizer) (December 5, 1997-March 1, 1998); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (April 18-June 21, 1998); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (July 13-September 20, 1998); Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, TX (October 20-December 23, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-12-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 455287, "title": "Gabriele M\u00fcnter: The Great Expressionist Woman Painter", "description": "<i>Gabriele M\u00fcnter: The Great Expressionist Woman Painter</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (November 12, 2024-February 9, 2025) https://www.museothyssen.org/en/exhibitions/gabriele-munter.", "opening_date": "2024-11-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 677543, "title": "Gabriele M\u00fcnter: Contours of a World", "description": "<i>Gabriele M\u00fcnter: Contours of a World</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 7, 2025-April 26, 2026) https://www.guggenheim.org/exhibition/gabriele-munter.", "opening_date": "2025-11-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Gabriele M\u00fcnter Estate, Munich", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Purchased from Dalzell Hatfield Galleries, Los Angeles, by Mr. Frank E. Taplin Jr. in 1963", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mr. Frank E. [1916-2003] and Mrs. Frank E. [1914-2011] Taplin, Jr., given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1992", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1992-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The black outlines on the figure and objects in this scene are reminiscent of stained glass.", "description": "Gabriele M\u00fcnter was a founding member of Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider), a German Expressionist group formed in Munich in 1911. In July 1915, after the outbreak of World War I, she moved to neutral Sweden. In early 1917, she painted several portraits of Gertrude Holz, a friend and her preferred model of the time, each expressing a different mood. <em>Future (Woman in Stockholm)</em> belongs to this series. Although it was a time of financial hardship and professional uncertainty for M\u00fcnter, the bouquet of tulips, sunlight streaming into the interior, and vibrant palette seem to suggest the hope of spring.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476977"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Eichner, Johannes. <em>Kandinsky Und Gabriele Mu\u0308nter; von Urspru\u0308ngen Moderner Kunst</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: F. Bruckmann, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 177", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1992.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 2 (February 1993): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66, no. 52", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "Heller, Reinhold. <em>Gabriele Mu\u0308nter: The Years of Expressionism, 1903-1920</em>. Munich, Germany: Prestel, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jiminez, Jill Berk, and Joanna Banham. <em>Dictionary of Artists' Models</em>. London, United Kingdom: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 281", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hille, Karoline. <em>Gabriele Mu\u0308nter: die Ku\u0308nstlerin mit der Zauberhand</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: DuMont Buchverlag, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186, 261", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterworks on Loan: Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Cleveland Museum of Art: July Through September 2016.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "p. 18-19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lacis, Indra K. \"Poignant Abstraction: Kandinsky's otherworldly view of the guns of war marks a time of social as well as personal turmoil.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 5 (September/October 2016): 20.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-05/page/n9/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Behr, Shulamith. <em>Women Artists in Expressionism: From Empire to Emancipation. </em>Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 144-145, fig. 118", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jansen, Isabelle. \"'Ohne Respekt vor dem Menschen ist kein wahres Bildnis m\u00f6glich.' Die Beduetung der Menschendarstellung f\u00fcr Gabriele M\u00fcnter.\" In <em>Gabriele Mu\u0308nter, Menschenbilder : eine Ausstellung in Kooperation mit der Gabriele Mu\u0308nter- und Johannes Eichner-Stiftung, Mu\u0308nchen, und der Sta\u0308dtischen Galerie im Lenbachhaus und Kunstbau Mu\u0308nchen, </em>edited by Kathrin Baumstark, 30-41. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer Verlag, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ruiz del A\u0301rbol, Marta, and Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza. <em>Gabriele Mu\u0308nter.</em> Madrid: Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176, no. 123", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chow, Diana F. L. \"The Dazzling Female Blue Knight: Gabriele M\u00fcnter Retrospective at the Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza.\" <em>Artist Magazine</em> 596 (January 2025): 252-259.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 256, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "White, Katie, ed. \"German Expressionist Gabriele M\u00fcnter Finally Gets Her Moment in the Spotlight.\" <em>ArtNet News </em>(February 4, 2025).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 10-11", "url": "https://news.artnet.com/art-world/gabriele-munter-german-expressionist-thyssen-guggenheim-2601602"}, {"citation": "Horrocks, Victoria, Isabelle Jansen, Iris M\u00fcller-Westermann, and Dorothy Price. <em>Gabriele M\u00fcnter: Contours of a World.</em> Edited by Megan M. Fontanella. [New York, NY]: Guggenheim New York, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1992.96", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Frank E. Taplin Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 156887, "creators": [{"id": 3210, "description": "Gabriele M\u00fcnter (German, 1877\u20131962)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1877", "death_year": "1962", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1992-05-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1917, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1917", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Woman in Stockholm"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-13 11:10:08.479000"}, {"id": 157341, "accession_number": "1994.203", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mat Weight in the Form of a Bear, 202 BCE\u20139 CE. China, Western Han dynasty (206 BCE\u20138 CE). Gilt bronze; overall: 15.7 x 14.6 x 17.3 cm (6 3/16 x 5 3/4 x 6 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1994.203", "current_location": "241B Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Mat Weight in the Form of a Bear", "creation_date": "202 BCE\u20139 CE", "creation_date_earliest": -202, "creation_date_latest": 9, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Western Han dynasty (206 BCE\u20138 CE)"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Han Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 15.7 x 14.6 x 17.3 cm (6 3/16 x 5 3/4 x 6 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.157, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.146, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.173, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 214559, "title": "Recarving China's Past: The Art, Archaeology, and Architecture of the \"Wu Family Shrines\"", "description": "<i>Recarving China's Past: The Art, Archaeology, and Architecture of the \"Wu Family Shrines\"</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (March 4-June 26, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 226350, "title": "A Bronze Menagerie: Mat Weights of Early China ", "description": "<i>A Bronze Menagerie: Mat Weights of Early China </i>. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, MA (organizer) (October 4, 2006-January 14, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-10-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinesische Kunst: zweihundert Hauptwerke der Ausstellung der Gesellschaft fu\u0308r Ostasiatische Kunst </em>[Chinese art; two hundred main works from the exhibition of the Society for East Asian Art]. Der Preussischen Akademie der Ku\u0308nste [Prussian Academy of Arts], Berlin, Germany (1929).", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Chinese Art. </em>Burlington House, Royal Academy of Arts, London, England (November 1935-March 1936).", "opening_date": "1935-11-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Adolphe Stoclet [1871\u20131949], Palais Stoclet, Brussels, Belgium, to his daughter Raymonde Feron-Stoclet", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1929 <em>Chinesische Kunst</em> exhibition catalogue, pls. 36\u201338, lists its owner&nbsp; as \"Herr A. Stoclet, Bru\u0308ssels.\"</div>"], "date": "? by 1929\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mme. Raymonde Feron-Stoclet [1897\u20131963], Brussels, Belgium, to her son Denis Feron", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Denis Lucien \u00c9mile Feron [1928\u20132015], Hartford, IL, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131994", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1994\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Bear imagery, which symbolized heroic power, was particularly popular during the Han dynasty.", "description": "The bear imagery was particularly popular during the Han dynasty and was a metaphor of heroic power. This heavy, solid bear was probably used as a mat weight; other small squatting bears often served as the legs of vessels.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761425"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1994.203-mat-weight-in-the-fo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ku\u0308mmel, Otto. <em>Chinesische Kunst; zweihundert Hauptwerke der Ausstellung der Gesellschaft fu\u0308r Ostasiatische Kunst in der Preussischen Akademie der Ku\u0308nste, Berlin, 1929, herausgegeben von Otto Ku\u0308mmel</em>. Berlin: B. Cassirer, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 24 and pls. XXXVI\u2013XXXVIII", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>The Chinese Exhibition; A Commemorative Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, Royal Academy of Arts, November 1935-March 1936</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 511, p. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Visser, H. F. E. <em>Asiatic Art in Private Collections of Holland and Belgium</em>. Amsterdam: \"De Spieghel\" Pub. Co, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 50\u201351; Reproduced: pp. 208\u2013211, pls. 64 and 65, no. 131", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cNew Acquisitions Enter the Cleveland Museum of Art\u2019s Permanent Collection,\u201d February 14, 1995, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr3939"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Party Animal\" <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine,</em> October 1995, pp. 8\u20139.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith., \"Party Animal\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 35 no. 08, October 1995", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1995-08/page/8"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 32\u201333", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cox, Daniel J., and Rebecca L. Grambo. <em>Bear: A Celebration of Power and Beauty</em>. San Francisco: Sierra Club, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Liu, Cary Y., Michael Nylan, Anthony J. Barbieri-Low, Naomi Noble Richard, Michael Loewe, and Susan L. Beningson. <em>Recarving China's Past: Art, Archaeology, and Architecture of the \"Wu Family Shrines\".</em> Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Art Museum, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 47, p. 417", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Luhrs, Kathleen. \"Calendar.\" <em>Antiques</em> (Oct 2006): p. 92.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wang, Michelle C., Guolong Lai, Roel Sterckx, and Eugene Yuejin Wang. <em>A Bronze Menagerie: Mat Weights of Early China</em>. Boston, MA: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 5, pp. 87\u201388", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lawton, Thomas. \"The Stoclets: Their Milieu and Their Collection.\" <em>Orientations </em>44.1 (January/February 2013): pp. 68\u201373.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 72, fig 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 94", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1994.203", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.203/1994.203_web.jpg", "width": "988", "height": "893", "filesize": "111009", "filename": "1994.203_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.203/1994.203_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3073", "filesize": "1167643", "filename": "1994.203_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.203/1994.203_full.tif", "width": "4897", "height": "4427", "filesize": "65068056", "filename": "1994.203_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.203/1994.203_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "986", "height": "893", "filesize": "92643"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.203/1994.203_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3080", "filesize": "967128"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.203/1994.203_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5379", "height": "4873", "filesize": "78667112"}, "date_created": "2012-08-24T17:59:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.203/1994.203_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "893", "filesize": "417466"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.203/1994.203_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1235", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1279399"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.203/1994.203_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1235", "height": "1536", "filesize": "5693108"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 157341, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1994-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -202, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "202 BCE\u20139 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:11:33.792000"}, {"id": 150115, "accession_number": "1980.37", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kitchen Utensils with Leeks, Fish, and Eggs, c. 1734. Jean-Sim\u00e9on Chardin (French, 1699\u20131779). Oil on canvas; framed: 52.5 x 60.5 x 7.5 cm (20 11/16 x 23 13/16 x 2 15/16 in.); unframed: 32.2 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1980.37", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Kitchen Utensils with Leeks, Fish, and Eggs", "creation_date": "c. 1734", "creation_date_earliest": 1729, "creation_date_latest": 1739, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 52.5 x 60.5 x 7.5 cm (20 11/16 x 23 13/16 x 2 15/16 in.); Unframed: 32.2 x 40.7 cm (12 11/16 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.525, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.605, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.075, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.322, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.407, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"Chardin\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1980</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chardin, 1699-1779</em>, Grand Palais, Paris, France (January 29-April 30, 1979); Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 6-Aug. 12, 1979); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (September 11- November 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-01-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Probably Baron Maurice Sigismund Sulzbach [1853-1922], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Possibly until 1922", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Charlotte de Castellan, Comtesse de Forges", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1979", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(David Carritt, Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Chardin was already famous by 1730, when he began to paint small, sparse still lifes of kitchen utensils. He often used the same elements in his compositions, varying slightly the position of the objects and adding or subtracting a utensil\u2014always carefully placing each in relation to the rest to achieve a balanced design. Chardin was the contemporary of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (1703\u20131770) and he taught Jean-Honor\u00e9 Fragonard (1732\u20131806), but his work is a contrast to theirs, representing the naturalistic tendency that persisted alongside the more fashionable lightness, grace, and playfulness of the Rococo. Chardin discovered a hidden poetry in even the most humble objects, bringing the viewer into an earthly world experienced with directness and simplicity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474697"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.37-kitchen-utensils-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on Chardin, and Sally W. Goodfellow. <em>Chardin, 1699-1779: A Special Exhibition Organized by the Re\u0301union Des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, Paris, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "cat. no. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 6 (1981).", "page_number": "cat. 33", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "<em>Gazette des Beaux Arts</em>, (March 1981).", "page_number": "p. 34, fig. 186", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chardin, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on, and Pierre Rosenberg. <em>L'opera completa di Chardin</em>. Milano: Rizzoli, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 84 fig. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Old Master Paintings: Day</em>. London: Sotheby's, 2006.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods<em>. Important rhinoceros horn and jade carvings from a distinguished European collection.</em> London: Christie's, 2011.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.37", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.37/1980.37_web.jpg", "width": "1134", "height": "893", "filesize": "721094", "filename": "1980.37_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.37/1980.37_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2677", "filesize": "6841211", "filename": "1980.37_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.37/1980.37_full.tif", "width": "4790", "height": "3772", "filesize": "54242948", "filename": "1980.37_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. 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Jaspar Bongen the Younger (German, active late 1600s). Steel; gold and silver damascened hilt; overall: 73 cm (28 3/4 in.); blade: 57.7 cm (22 11/16 in.); quillions: 17.5 cm (6 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1629", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Hanger (Hunting Sword)", "creation_date": "late 1600s", "creation_date_earliest": 1650, "creation_date_latest": 1699, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Hilt:  Italy (?); Blade:  Germany, Saxony, late 16th-17th Century"], "technique": "steel; gold and silver damascened hilt", "support_materials": [{"description": "damascened hilt", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 73 cm (28 3/4 in.); Blade: 57.7 cm (22 11/16 in.); Quillions: 17.5 cm (6 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.73, "length_inch": 28, "length_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "blade": {"length": 0.577, "length_inch": 22, "length_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "quillions": {"width": 0.175, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\"1553\"  (Presumed to be a commemorative date)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395274, "title": "Wealth and Beauty: Pier Francesco Foschi and Painting in Renaissance Florence", "description": "<i>Wealth and Beauty: Pier Francesco Foschi and Painting in Renaissance Florence</i>. Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, GA (organizer) (January 29-April 24, 2022) https://georgiamuseum.org/exhibit/wealth-and-beauty-pier-francesco-foschi-and-painting-in-renaissance-florence/.", "opening_date": "2022-01-29T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of the Royal House of Tudor</em>, Manchester City Art Gallery, England (Closed August 2, 1897).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Loan Exhibition of Arms and Armor, </em>Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 6-April 16, 1911).", "opening_date": "1911-02-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Arms and Armor, </em>Museum Fine Arts Boston, MA (Summer 1899)", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Alexander, Baron de Cosson (1843-1929), England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Raoul Richards, Rome, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1890", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "S.J. Whawell, Esq.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1897", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The swordsmith's mark, a crowned stag visible on the blade below the hilt, is unidentified.", "description": "Damascening, the technique of hammering gold and silver wires into grooves cut to receive them, enlivens this sword's hilt. Further texture was added with wires to improve the user's grip, which allowed him to hunt with more control and accuracy. Hunting was a popular sport among the wealthy and many nobles owned tracts of forest, but peasants were prohibited from hunting on these lands.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780759"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1629-hanger-hunting-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Manchester City Art Gallery. <em>Exhibition of the Royal House of Tudor.</em> [Manchester]: [Corporation of Manchester art gallery], 1897.", "page_number": "p. 74, no. 273", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TudorManchester"}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. Vol. 2, <em>16th century</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (98) 101", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour2_201602/page/n440"}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and Bashford Dean. <em>Catalogue of a Loan Exhibition of Arms and Armor.</em> New York, February the sixth to April the sixteenth, MCMXI.: [Gilliss Press], 1911.", "page_number": "p. 52, no. 120, pl. XXXVIII", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/22640"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 105, E46; Reproduced: Plate XXVI, E46", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n160"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n46"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 84; cat. no. 169, p. 171", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 153, p. 190", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foschi, Pier Francesco, and Nelda Damiano. <em>Wealth and Beauty: Pier Francesco Foschi and Painting in Renaissance Florence</em>. 2023.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 20, pp. 128-130", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1629", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1629/1916.1629_web.jpg", "width": "482", "height": "900", "filesize": "112901", "filename": "1916.1629_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1629/1916.1629_print.jpg", "width": "1821", "height": "3400", "filesize": "377165", "filename": "1916.1629_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1629/1916.1629_full.tif", "width": "7043", "height": "13150", "filesize": "277870016", "filename": "1916.1629_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1629/1916.1629_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "480", "height": "900", "filesize": "111467"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1629/1916.1629_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1814", "height": "3400", "filesize": "371019"}, "full": {"url": 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95914, "creators": [{"id": 443154, "description": "Jaspar Bongen the Younger (German, active late 1600s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "makers mark", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1650, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1600s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:09:46.454000"}, {"id": 124395, "accession_number": "1945.366", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Piping and Dancing Satyr, 300\u2013100 BCE. Greece, Alexandria(?). Bronze; overall: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1945.366", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Piping and Dancing Satyr", "creation_date": "300\u2013100 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -300, "creation_date_latest": -100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, Alexandria(?)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300842, "title": "The Dance in Art", "description": "<i>The Dance in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 20-August 17, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-05-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304729, "title": "The Lost Wax Process", "description": "<i>The Lost Wax Process</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 14, 1965-March 27, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-12-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Joseph Edd\u00e9, Alexandria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The special strap around the satyr\u2019s mouth to help him play the pipes is called a <em>phorbeia</em>.", "description": "With its long limbs and unbalanced pose, this bronze statuette captures a male figure in the middle of a dance. His pointed ears, snub nose, and berry crown mark him as a satyr, a part-man, part-horse follower of Dionysos, the Greek god of wine and revelry. He probably once held <em>auloi </em>(musical pipes), to judge from the placement and shape of his right hand, plus the strap around his mouth; his left arm is now missing. Composed of multiple cast pieces joined together, the dynamic pose of this statuette shows the Hellenistic interest in movement and the body.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749734"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.366-piping-and-dancing-s"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Comstock, Helen. \"A Group of Greek Bronze Statuettes.\" <em>The International Studio LXXXIV</em>. New York. 1926.", "page_number": "pp. 34-35, reproduced pp. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wunderlich, Silvia A. \u201cA Bronze Satyr.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 33, no. 4 (1946): 35\u201336.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 35", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n21"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 7-8; Plate 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n11"}, {"citation": "Segall, Berta. <em>Tradition und Neuschopfung in der Fruhalexandrinischen Kleinkunst</em>. Berlin: Winckelmannsprogramm der Archaeologischen Gesellschaft. 1966.", "page_number": "pp. 45-46, reproduced pp. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hoffmann, Herbert. <em>Collecting Greek Antiquities.</em> First ed. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. 1971.", "page_number": "pp. 78, fig. 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hadzi, Martha Leeb. <em>Transformations in Hellenistic Art, </em>Mount Holyoke College Art Museum, South Hadley, Massachusetts, February 3-March 18, 1983. [South Hadley, Mass.]: Trustees of Mount Holyoke College, 1983.", "page_number": "pp. 10-11,  cat. no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Settis, Salvatore.<em> I Greci: Storia, Cultura, Arte, Societa\u0300. Vol 2.Una storia greca, Part III. Transformazioni</em>. Torino:Einaudi. 1996.", "page_number": "pp.564-565. Fig. 15.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.366", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.366/1945.366_web.jpg", "width": "609", "height": "893", "filesize": "249911", "filename": "1945.366_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.366/1945.366_print.jpg", "width": "2319", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3591396", "filename": "1945.366_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.366/1945.366_full.tif", "width": "4042", "height": "5926", "filesize": "71879636", "filename": "1945.366_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.366/1945.366_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "609", "height": "893", "filesize": "252415"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.366/1945.366_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2319", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3646767"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.366/1945.366_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4042", "height": "5926", "filesize": "71879648"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:30:56", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124395, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1945-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "300\u2013100 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:24:55.034000"}, {"id": 129836, "accession_number": "1952.265", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pendant: Crocodile, 1930 or earlier. Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, probably Baule-style goldsmith. Gold; overall: 4.9 cm (1 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1952.265", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Pendant: Crocodile", "creation_date": "1930 or earlier", "creation_date_earliest": 1850, "creation_date_latest": 1930, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d'Ivoire, probably Baule-style goldsmith"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 4.9 cm (1 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.049, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "length": 0.117, "length_inch": 4, "length_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 205336, "title": "Baule:  African Art/Western Eyes", "description": "<i>Baule:  African Art/Western Eyes</i>. Yale University Art Gallery (organizer) (August 30, 1997-January 4, 1998); The Art Institute of Chicago (February 14-May 10, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-08-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 221090, "title": "Baule:  African Art/Western Eyes", "description": "<i>Baule:  African Art/Western Eyes</i>. Museum for African Art, NY (September 11, 1998-January 3, 1999); National Museum of African Art, Washington, DC (February 9-May 16, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-09-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "<i>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 8/30/97 - 1/4/98.  Art Institute of Chicago, 2/14/98 - 5/19/98. NY: The Museum for African Art, 9/11/98 - 1/3/99.  Washington, DC: National Museum for African Art, 2/9/99 - 5/16/99, Baule: African Art: Western Eyes. color repr. p. 201.", "opening_date": "1997-08-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Tristan Tzara by at least 1935", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by at least 1935", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Nasli Heeramaneck, NY until 1952", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art by purchase, 1952", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A goldsmith had to create superfine rolls of wax to make the texture of this piece; the wax was used to make a mold into which liquid gold was poured.", "description": "This pendant was cast in gold using the lost-wax method. Gold objects are the only Baule art forms associated with ancestor spirits. Pendants can have many uses. Usually hidden in pots or suitcases, gold adornments can be displayed on important occasions such as funerals. They can be laid out around the corpse before burial. A widow will wear them on a chain around her neck or attached to her hair at the ceremony signaling the end of mourning.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756166"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.265-pendant-crocodile"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Radin, Paul, and James Johnson Sweeney. A<em>frican Folktales &amp; Sculpture. </em>New York: Pantheon Books, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 346; Reproduced: pl. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955.</em> [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46; Reproduced: no. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 389", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n72"}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M. <em>African Art in American Collections = L'art Africain Dans Les Collections Americaines</em>. New York: F.A. Praeger, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91, no. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sweeney, James Johnson. <em>African Sculpture</em>. [Princeton, N.J.]: Princeton University Press, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 189; Reproduced: pl. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vogel, Susan Mullin.<em> Baule: African Art, Western Eyes</em>. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 299; Reproduced: p. 201", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. <em>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; Reproduced: p. 23, no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M. <em>African sculpture.</em> Atglen, PA: Schiffer Pub, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91, no. 86", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.265", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.265/1952.265_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "786", "filesize": "580577", "filename": "1952.265_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.265/1952.265_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2117", "filesize": "4429295", "filename": "1952.265_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.265/1952.265_full.tif", "width": "5259", "height": "3274", "filesize": "51686128", "filename": "1952.265_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.265/1952.265_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "822", "filesize": "609571"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.265/1952.265_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2213", "filesize": "4484840"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.265/1952.265_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4616", "height": "3005", "filesize": "41645628"}, "date_created": "2009-07-08T15:47:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.265/1952.265_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "861", "filesize": "693942"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.265/1952.265_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2319", "filesize": "4419607"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.265/1952.265_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5044", "height": "3441", "filesize": "52084408"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129836, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-08-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1850, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1930 or earlier", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:42:00.012000"}, {"id": 139817, "accession_number": "1963.576", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Model for a Fallen Warrior, c. 1520. Attributed to Giovanni Francesco Rustici (Italian, 1474\u20131554). Wax on a metal armature, mounted on wood; overall: 22.2 x 14.2 cm (8 3/4 x 5 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1963.576", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Model for a Fallen Warrior", "creation_date": "c. 1520", "creation_date_earliest": 1515, "creation_date_latest": 1525, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "wax on a metal armature, mounted on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 22.2 x 14.2 cm (8 3/4 x 5 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.222, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.142, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 281457, "title": "Michelangelo: Mind of the Master", "description": "<i>Michelangelo: Mind of the Master</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2019-January 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "London, Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1912, no. 60", "opening_date": "1912-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "London, Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1938-39, no. 33", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Milan, Leonardo da Vinci, 1939, p. 141", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "J. P. Heseltine, 1843-1929 (England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "E. L. Paget (London, England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Herbert N. Bier (London, England), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sixteenth-century sculptors often sketched their ideas in three dimensions using wax, clay, or stucco.", "description": "Giorgio Vasari (1511\u20131574), an influential writer and painter, notes in his biography of his contemporary Rustici, that the artist sculpted terracotta battle scenes of groups of horses \"with men on their backs or under them.\" This wax model may be a study for such a group, showing a contorted, helmeted warrior bracing himself after falling to the ground. The figures for these projects were most likely inspired by those in Leonardo's monumental wall painting depicting the Battle of Anghiari for the Hall of the Five Hundred in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence. Although the fresco was never completed, its pictorial scheme was well known. Rustici later collaborated with Leonardo, and was undoubtedly aware of the major commission and its dynamic portrayal of war.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759470"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.576-model-for-a-fallen-w"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mozzati, Tommaso. Giovanfrancesco Rustici: le Compagnie del paiuolo e della cazzuola ; arte, letteratura, festa nell'eta\u0300 della maniera. [Florence, Italy]: L.S. Olschki, 2008.", "page_number": "22-62, figs. 48-49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Se\u0301ne\u0301chal, Philippe, and Marco Collareta. Giovan Francesco Rustici, 1475-1554: un sculpteur de la Renaissance entre Florence et Paris. Paris: Arthena, 2007.", "page_number": "84-93, fig. 101", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. A Wax Bozzetto Close to Leonardo Da Vinci. The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, April, 1971.", "page_number": "115-122", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n119"}, {"citation": "Winter, Patrick M. de. \u201cRecent Accessions of Italian Renaissance Decorative Arts, Part II.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 4 (April 1986): 142\u2013182.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 161, fig. 176", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159938"}, {"citation": "Miller, Michael. \"A Michelangelo Drawing.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 5 (1990): 146-74.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172, p. 155", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161284"}, {"citation": "Pedretti, Carlo, et. al. <em>Leonardo Da Vinci and the Battle of Anghiari: Its Origin Through the Timabal Panel</em>. Poggio a Caiano (Prato) : CB Edizioni, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 234; Mentioned: p. 244, note 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marani, Pietro C. \"A Problem of Style: Old and New Considerations on the Budapest Horse and Rider Associated with Leonardo da Vinci.\" In <em>Leonardo Da Vinci &amp; The Budapest Horse and Rider</em>, Zolt\u00e1n K\u00e1rp\u00e1ti, ed., 30-47. Budapest: Museum of Fine Arts, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42, fig. 18", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.576", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "483627", "filename": "1963.576_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "4058965", "filename": "1963.576_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_full.tif", "width": "4680", "height": "3744", "filesize": "52598856", "filename": "1963.576_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "477548"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "4019451"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4680", "height": "3744", "filesize": "52598824"}, "date_created": "2009-02-12T18:50:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "467820"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "3979275"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4680", "height": "3744", "filesize": "52598528"}, "date_created": "2009-02-12T18:51:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "485088"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "4067389"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4680", "height": "3744", "filesize": "52598716"}, "date_created": "2009-02-12T18:51:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "471773"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "3963002"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4680", "height": "3744", "filesize": "52598696"}, "date_created": "2009-02-12T18:51:48", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "470076"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "3934116"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.576/1963.576_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4680", "height": "3744", "filesize": "52598940"}, "date_created": "2009-02-12T18:50:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 139817, "creators": [{"id": 5512, "description": "Giovanni Francesco Rustici (Italian, 1474\u20131554)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1474", "death_year": "1554", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1515, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1520", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.973000"}, {"id": 140426, "accession_number": "1964.36", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study for The Blessed Alessandro Sauli, 1663\u20131668. Pierre Puget (French, 1620\u20131694). Terracotta; overall: 69.7 cm (27 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1964.36", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Study for The Blessed Alessandro Sauli", "creation_date": "1663\u20131668", "creation_date_earliest": 1663, "creation_date_latest": 1668, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, made in Genoa, 17th century"], "technique": "terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 69.7 cm (27 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.697, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309864, "title": "Baroque Imagery", "description": "<i>Baroque Imagery</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 1984-January 6, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-11-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1964:  \"Year in Review, 1964,\" CMA Bulletin, LI, no. 10 (December 1964), cat. no. 4, illus.", "opening_date": "1964-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1984-1985:  Baroque Imagery, cat. no. 10, pp. 30-31, repr. p. 30", "opening_date": "1984-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Marquesses Pallavicini (Genoa, Italy);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Baudouin-Gounelle collection (Marseilles, France);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Henri Dobler, 1863-1941 (Aix-en-Provence, France);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Possibly art market (Paris, France);", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Blumka Gallery (New York, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Terracotta models, like this study for a sculpture, are also known as <em>bozzetti</em> or <em>modelli</em>.", "description": "A famous preacher from an aristocratic family in Genoa, Sauli (1534-1591) spearheaded important Catholic reforms, including popular missions and restructuring the church to reach a broader spectrum of worshippers. This sculpture is a model for a large statue commissioned by the Sauli family for a Genoese church. Although the open book speaks to Sauli\u2019s work as a reformer, his twisting body and facial expression indicate utter absorption in a deeply personal vision.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757668"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.36-study-for-the-blesse"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. \u201cPierre Puget: Blessed Alessandro Sauli.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 4 (April 1965): 101\u2013105.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 101-105, figs. 1-2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152045"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n140"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 116", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n140"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \u201cPierre Puget: Head of a Philosopher.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 3 (March 1970): 79\u201380.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 79-80, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152316"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 173", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n193"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. <em>Knockouts: a pocket guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no38, p. 40 - 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bober, Jonathan, Piero Boccardo, and Franco Boggero. Superbarocco: arte a Genova da Rubens a Magnasco. Milano : Skira, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 272, fig. 3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.36", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "893", "filesize": "315065", "filename": "1964.36_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_print.jpg", "width": "2487", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4676844", "filename": "1964.36_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_full.tif", "width": "4102", "height": "5609", "filesize": "69060804", "filename": "1964.36_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "629", "height": "893", "filesize": "288701"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2394", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4599323"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3945", "height": "5603", "filesize": "66346412"}, "date_created": "2008-05-15T13:29:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "893", "filesize": "288515"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2346", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4520855"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3800", "height": "5507", "filesize": "62815744"}, "date_created": "2008-05-15T14:35:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "893", "filesize": "298302"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2347", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4547140"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.36/1964.36_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3759", "height": "5445", "filesize": "61438660"}, "date_created": "2008-05-15T13:40:01", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "77d76739b053498d9d44bb1a4f48cc75", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/77d76739b053498d9d44bb1a4f48cc75", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140426, "creators": [{"id": 5515, "description": "Pierre Puget (French, 1620\u20131694)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1620", "death_year": "1694", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-02-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1663, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1663\u20131668", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Blessed Alessandro Sauli"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:09.389000"}, {"id": 147003, "accession_number": "1972.39", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Footed Platter with Design of Mythical Beasts amid Grapevines, 700s. China, Tang dynasty (618\u2013907). Silver with gilt, incised, and chased decoration; diameter: 4.8 x 30.5 cm (1 7/8 x 12 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1972.39", "current_location": "239 Chinese Ceramics and Metalwork", "title": "Footed Platter with Design of Mythical Beasts amid Grapevines", "creation_date": "700s", "creation_date_earliest": 700, "creation_date_latest": 799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Tang dynasty (618\u2013907)"], "technique": "silver with gilt, incised, and chased decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Tang Dynasty", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Diameter: 4.8 x 30.5 cm (1 7/8 x 12 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.048, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.305, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 665091, "title": "A Moveable Feast: Food Cultures in China", "description": "<i>A Moveable Feast: Food Cultures in China</i>. Hong Kong Palace Museum Limited, Hong Kong, Hong Kong (organizer) (March 19-June 18, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-03-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese, Gold and Silver from the T'ang Dynasty from American Collections</em>. Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH (November 3, 1984-January 6, 1984); Cooper Hewitt, New York, NY (February 5-April 21, 1985)", "opening_date": "1984-11-03T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "David David-Weill [1871\u20131952] and Flora Rapha\u00ebl David-Weill [1878\u20131970], Paris, France, consigned to Sotheby's London for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131972", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sotheby's London, England, An auction of Chinese Bronzes and Objects of Art from the D. David-Weill Collection. February 29, 1972 sale. Lot no. 167. Sold to Spink & Son, Ltd.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "February 29, 1972", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "February 29\u2013May 3, 1972", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 3, 1972\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The footed tray, a foreign shape, is decorated with fantastic creatures frolicking among grapevines, a motif borrowed from Roman art.", "description": "Precious Sassanian and Central Asian metalwork had been imported to China as early as the 4th and 5th centuries as a result of wars and prosperous trade along the Silk Road. With the influx of foreign metalworkers to cosmopolitan Tang China, the techniques of sheet metalworking were introduced to the Chinese. This silver vessel demonstrates the effects of such east-west exchanges along the Silk Road. Its decoration with intricate gilt, incised and chased designs against a ring-punched ground is of a particularly high standard.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753955"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.39-footed-platter-with"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gyllensv\u00e4rd, Bo. \"T'ang, Gold and Silver,\" <em>Bulletin, O\u0308stasiatiska samlingarna (Stockholm, Sweden) </em>no. 29 (1957).", "page_number": "figs. 58 J & K, 781, 80q", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, London. <em>The D. David-Weill Collection; early Chinese bronzes; inlaid metalwork, gilt bronzes and silver; jades; sculpture and ceramics. </em>29 February 1972 sale.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Lot no. 167", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ma, John K. T. \"Saleroom News,\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> 2/3 (May-June 1972), p. 55.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 333", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n353"}, {"citation": "Kelley, Clarence W.. <em>Chinese Gold &amp; Silver in American Collections: Tang Dynasty, A.D. 618-907</em>. Dayton, OH: Dayton Art Institute, 1984.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 345, fig. 36", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "\"London.\" <em>Apollo</em> 95, no. 124 (June 1972), pp. 526\u2013527.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gao, Emily Yang. \"Meal on the Dish: Rethinking Various Types of Plates of Tang China and Their Influence on Chinese Foodways.\" In <em>A Movable Feast: The Culture of Food and Drink in China, e</em>dited by Nicole T. C. Chiang, 88-112. Hong Kong: Hong Kong Palace Museum, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 88\u201392, fig. 4.1", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.39", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.39/1972.39_web.jpg", "width": "967", "height": "893", "filesize": "197030", "filename": "1972.39_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.39/1972.39_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3139", "filesize": "2824877", "filename": "1972.39_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.39/1972.39_full.tif", "width": "6287", "height": "5805", "filesize": "109515124", "filename": "1972.39_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.39/1972.39_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "963", "height": "893", "filesize": "125442"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.39/1972.39_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3152", "filesize": "1592680"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.39/1972.39_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6200", "height": "5749", "filesize": "106956880"}, "date_created": "2012-08-23T18:19:27", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147003, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-05-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Platter on Three Feet"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:32:15.063000"}, {"id": 168750, "accession_number": "2010.454", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Female Bowl-Bearing Figure, late 1800s-early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Luba-style carver. Wood, glass beads, upholstery studs, plant fiber, and iron; overall: 40.8 x 16.1 x 27.3 cm (16 1/16 x 6 5/16 x 10 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.454", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Female Bowl-Bearing Figure", "creation_date": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Luba-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, glass beads, upholstery studs, plant fiber, and iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 40.8 x 16.1 x 27.3 cm (16 1/16 x 6 5/16 x 10 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.408, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.161, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.273, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338050, "title": "Tentoonstelling van Kongo-Kunst", "description": "<i>Tentoonstelling van Kongo-Kunst</i>. Stad Stedelijke Feestzaal.", "opening_date": "1937-12-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338056, "title": "Frans M. Olbrechts (1899-1958): In Search of Art in Africa", "description": "<i>Frans M. Olbrechts (1899-1958): In Search of Art in Africa</i>. Ethnographic Museum (December 7, 2001-March 31, 2002).", "opening_date": "2001-12-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 202001, "title": "Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture", "description": "<i>Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 2013-February 9, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Frans M. Olbrechts (1899-1958): In Search of Art in Africa.</em> Ethnographic Museum, Antwerp, BE (December 7, 2001-March 31, 2002)", "opening_date": "2001-12-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Tentoonstelling van Kongo-Kunst.</em> Stad Stedelijke Feestzaal, Antwerp, BE (December 24, 1937-January 16, 1938)", "opening_date": "1937-12-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Gaston Heenen [1880-1963], Brussels, BE, sold to Hendrik Elias", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131939", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hendrik Elias [b. 1925], Galerie Elmar, Wieze, BE, sold to Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939\u20131968", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Ren\u00e9 [1901-1998] and Odette Delenne [1925-2012], Brussels, BE, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968\u20132010", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Symbolic of anvils, the round metal tacks decorating the figure's hair \"pin\" spirits and their secrets within it. They are at the hairline and each of the four hair cascades (the bottommost is now gone).", "description": "In Luba-style art, an object's beauty affects how well it works. While bowl-bearing figures had many possible uses, a royal diviner likely used this well-carved image of a woman carrying a bowl in rituals. Dusty traces of <em>mpemba</em> (white chalk) fleck the shining exterior and the bowl's interior, showing it once held this sacred powder. Diamond-shaped scarification marks at her waist, chest, and back add to her beauty. Her hair is carved into the cascading layered hairstyle worn in the Luba region at the turn of the twentieth century. Strands of imported glass beads encircle her waist and neck, and dangle from her hair. The alternating white and blue beads may symbolize the moon and Mbidi Kiluwe, a culture hero linked to royal practice and smithing. While much Luba-style art depicts women\u2014who are societally important\u2014men created and owned the majority of such works.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753255"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.454-female-bowl-bearing"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Tentoonstelling van Kongo-kunst, exh. cat., Stadsfeestzaal, Antwerpen (December 24, 1937-January 16, 1938). Antwerp: Antwerpsche Propagandaweken, 1937 [cat. 669; not illustrated]", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Antwerpen, Stad Stedelijke Feestzaal, and Antwerpsche Propagandaweken. <em>Tentoonstelling van Kongo-Kunst,</em> cat. 669. Exh. Cat. 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[Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Inscriptions: Establishing a Pre-1937 Acquisition Date for 1,525 Central African Sculptures.\" <em>Tribal: The Magazine of Tribal Art</em> XXIV: 4, no. 85 (Autumn, 2017): 127, 130-131.", "page_number": "p. 127, p. 130 color repr., p. 131 sketch", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.454", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454/2010.454_web.jpg", "width": "672", "height": "900", "filesize": "164813", "filename": "2010.454_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454/2010.454_print.jpg", "width": "2540", "height": "3400", "filesize": "990576", "filename": "2010.454_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454/2010.454_full.tif", "width": "6912", "height": "9252", "filesize": "191874708", "filename": 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168750, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-06-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:41:08.947000"}, {"id": 173998, "accession_number": "2017.128", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Tea for Two (The Collector), 1980. Robert Colescott (American, 1925\u20132009). Acrylic on canvas; overall: 215.5 x 185 x 5 cm (84 13/16 x 72 13/16 x 1 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Agnes Gund given in honor of Darren Walker, 2017.128. \u00a9 Robert H. Colescott Separate Property Trust / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York)", "current_location": "229A Contemporary", "title": "Tea for Two (The Collector)", "creation_date": "1980", "creation_date_earliest": 1975, "creation_date_latest": 1985, "artists_tags": ["Black American Artists", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "acrylic on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 215.5 x 185 x 5 cm (84 13/16 x 72 13/16 x 1 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.155, "height_inch": 84, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.85, "width_inch": 72, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.05, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Robert H. Colescott Separate Property Trust / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York)", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed and dated in the upper left: \u201cR. Colescott/80\u201d", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 219059, "title": "From Then to Now: Masterworks of Contemporary African American Art", "description": "<i>From Then to Now: Masterworks of Contemporary African American Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-May 9, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-01-29T00:00:00"}, {"id": 309783, "title": "Art and Race Matters: The Career of Robert Colescott", "description": "<i>Art and Race Matters: The Career of Robert Colescott</i>. Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (September 20, 2019-January 12, 2020); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 15-December 13, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-09-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Robert Colescott: Another Judgement</em>. Knight Gallery, Spirit Square Arts Center, Charlotte, NC (February 13-April 7, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Robert Colescott: A Retrospective, 1975-1986</em>. San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, CA (organizer) (April 5-May 31, 1987); Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati, OH (September 11-November 7, 1987); The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (January 12-February 28, 1988); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (March 18-May 8, 1988); Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (June 18-August 14, 1988); Museum of Art, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK (September 10-November 5, 1988); Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, TX (December 3, 1988-January 28, 1989); The New Museum, New York (February 25-April 22, 1989); Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (May 20-July 15, 1989).", "opening_date": "1987-04-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Private Collection, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2017\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "<em>Tea for Two </em>features representations of artworks by Roy Lichtenstein, Barnett Newman, David Smith, and Frank Stella, among other artists.", "description": "Robert Colescott is known for his figurative paintings that critique contemporary American culture. Using bright colors, expressive gestures, and visual puns, he debunks racial and gender stereotypes deeply ingrained in American culture and society. <em>Tea for Two</em> depicts a wealthy Black art collector surrounded by his collection that suggest artworks by Roy Lichtenstein, David Smith, Frank Stella, and other elite white artists whose work fetches high prices.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482792"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Richard, Paul. \u201cRobert Colescott\u2019s Perspectives on Black and White.\u201d <em>The Washington Post</em> (January 20, 1988).", "page_number": "mentioned", "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1988/01/20/robert-colescotts-perspectives-on-black-and-white/029378fe-b793-40aa-83b9-d6d92a706a2b/?utm_term=.39c49b974c79"}, {"citation": "Th\u00fcring, Reto and Liebert, Emily. \u201cAcquisition Highlights: Contemporary Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 58, no. 2 (March/April 2018): 24-25.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes, Robert Colescott, and Mitchell Douglas Kahan. <em>Robert Colescott, a Retrospective, 1975-1986.</em> San Jose, Calif: The Museum, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 25, Fig. 30; mentioned p. 26.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Colescott, Robert, Ann Shengold, and Terry Maxon Miller, eds. <em>Robert Colescott: Another Judgement</em>. Exh. Cat. Charlotte, NC: Knight Gallery, Spirit Square Arts Center, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 17.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kahan, Mitchell. \u201cRobert Colescott: Pride and Prejudice.\u201d <em>Art Papers</em> 9, no. 3 (May/June 1985): 22-23", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Platow, Raphaela, et al. <em>Art and race matters: the career of Robert Colescott</em>. New York, New York : Rizzoli Electa ; Cincinnati, Ohio : In association with Contempoary Arts Center, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 129-130, fig. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cNew Take on the New: A comprehensive reinstallation of the galleries of contemporary art offers fresh viewpoints on the art of our time.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine  </em>61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): cover, 4-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover; Mentioned: P. 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "C<em>leveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): Cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover; Mentioned: P. 4.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2017.128", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Agnes Gund given in honor of Darren Walker", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Toby's Gallery for Contemporary Art", "athena_id": 173998, "creators": [{"id": 10422, "description": "Robert Colescott (American, 1925\u20132009)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1925", "death_year": "2009", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2017-09-11T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1975, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1980", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-06 11:45:07.659000"}, {"id": 294155, "accession_number": "2017.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "St. Matthew, 1799. William Blake (British, 1757\u20131827). Tempera on canvas; overall: 38.5 x 26.5 cm (15 3/16 x 10 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 2017.4", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "St. Matthew", "creation_date": "1799", "creation_date_earliest": 1799, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England"], "technique": "tempera on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 38.5 x 26.5 cm (15 3/16 x 10 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.385, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.265, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Works of William Blake.</em> Burlington Fine Arts Club, London, United Kingdom (1876).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Industry, Science and Art: Pictures of Works of Art.</em> The Meadows, Edinburgh, Scotland (May 6 \u2013 Oct 30, 1886).", "opening_date": "1930-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Eighteenth Century English Paintings.</em> Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA. (May 5 \u2013May 19, 1930).", "opening_date": "1930-05-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>William Blake.</em> Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas Butts [1757 - 1845], London, by descent to his son, Thomas Butts, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1799-1845", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Thomas Butts, Jr. [died 1862], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1845-1862", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "William Michael Rossetti [1829-1919], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1863-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "William Bell Scott [1811-1890], consigned to sale at Sotheby's, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1876-1892", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, July 14, 1892, no. 238, sold to Quaritch)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1892", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Quaritch, sold to E.H. van Ingen for Mrs. William Emerson)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Purchased by Quaritch at Sotheby's sale for \u00a327</div>"], "date": "1892-1893", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Mrs. William Emerson, consigned to sale at Sotheby's, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->E.H. van Ingen purchased the painting for Mrs. William Emerson from Quaritch, were it was listed in <em>catalogue 62</em> of 1893 for \u00a336</div>"], "date": "1893-1958", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Sotheby's London, May 19, 1958, no.12, bought by Agnew for Lady Melchett)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Lady Melchett [1928-], sold at Christie's, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Agnew purchased the painting for Lady Melchett from the Sotheby's sale for \u00a31,300</div>"], "date": "1958-1971", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Christie's London, November 9, 1971, no. 71, bought by Piccadilly Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "1971-?", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Piccadilly Gallery, London, sold to Galleria Galatea)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The painting was purchase by the Piccadilly Gallery, London from Christie's for 5,000 gns</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(Galleria Galatea, Turin, sold to private collector, Milan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "private collector, Milan", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1981-?", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "(Ben Elwes Fine Art, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2016-17", "sortorder": 15}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2017-", "sortorder": 16}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Like St. Matthew, William Blake reported having visions of angels throughout his life.", "description": "The energy and awe with which the evangelist Saint Matthew responds to the angel presenting the divinely inspired text echoes William Blake\u2019s attitude toward artistic inspiration. From childhood Blake experienced visions that are reflected in the otherworldliness of his work. While Blake was not embraced by the fine art establishment, a small group of patrons believed in his genius and commissioned works in which his unusual visions had free rein.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482851"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2017.4-st-matthew"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Butlin, Martin. The Paintings and Drawings of William Blake. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981. vol. 1, p. 323.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Alexander, Anne Gilchrist, W. J. Linton, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, Charles Edwin West, and Charles Henry Jeens. <em>Life of William Blake, \"Pictor Ignotus\": With Selections from His Poems and Other Writings</em>. London, Cambridge, United Kingdom: Macmillan and Co., 1863.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204, no. 28, 1880; Reproduced: p. 210, no. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Philadelphia Museum of Art. <em>William Blake, 1757-1827; A Descriptive Catalogue of an Exhibition of the Works of William Blake Selected from Collections in the United States</em>. Philadelphia, PA: The Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blunt, Anthony. <em>The Art of William Blake</em>. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Butlin, Martin. <em>The Paintings and Drawings of William Blake</em>. New Haven, CT: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. I, p. 323; Reproduced: vol II, plate 488", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wieseman, Marjorie E and Korkow, Cory. \u201cAcquisition Highlights: European Painting and Sculpture, 1500-1800.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 58. no. 2 (March/April 2018): 21-22.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced & mentioned: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Luckow, Almuth, and William Blake. Die Gottesbilder des William Blake: Kunst und Philosophie. Darmstadt : WBG Academic, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 220-221, Abb. 52", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2017.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_web.jpg", "width": "623", "height": "900", "filesize": "275408", "filename": "2017.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_print.jpg", "width": "2354", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3788895", "filename": "2017.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_full.tif", "width": "4536", "height": "6552", "filesize": "89188180", "filename": "2017.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "900", "filesize": "262423"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2407", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4071955"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4880", "height": "6892", "filesize": "100928092"}, "date_created": "2017-01-23T14:39:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "900", "filesize": "287951"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2695", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3772029"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2017.4/2017.4_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5302", "height": "6690", "filesize": "106441424"}, "date_created": "2017-01-23T15:27:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Ellen and Bruce Mavec Gallery", "athena_id": 294155, "creators": [{"id": 1257, "description": "William Blake (British, 1757\u20131827)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1757", "death_year": "1827", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2017-02-27T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1799, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1799", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:52:23.199000"}, {"id": 149386, "accession_number": "1978.43", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hand Mirror, c. 1900. Designed by F\u00e9lix Bracquemond (French, 1833\u20131914), relief by Auguste Rodin (French, 1840\u20131917), enamel by Alexander Riquet (French), goldsmith work by Alexis Falize (French, 1811\u20131898). Gold, enamel, and ivory; overall: 32.2 x 16.1 x 1.2 cm (12 11/16 x 6 5/16 x 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Ralph King, by exchange, 1978.43", "current_location": null, "title": "Hand Mirror", "creation_date": "c. 1900", "creation_date_earliest": 1895, "creation_date_latest": 1905, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France"], "technique": "gold, enamel, and ivory", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 32.2 x 16.1 x 1.2 cm (12 11/16 x 6 5/16 x 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.322, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.161, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.012, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "cipher engraved on inside top of handle:  \"VITTA\" (in monogram form)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Cast at bottom of relief:  A Rod - -", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "on the plique-a-jour enamel, the date and mark of Bracquemond and \"AR,\" the monogram for Alexandre Riquet", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1978</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304384, "title": "Art Nouveau in France", "description": "<i>Art Nouveau in France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 1-September 1, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309838, "title": "Mirrors: Art and Symbol", "description": "<i>Mirrors: Art and Symbol</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 3-November 18, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-07-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310102, "title": "Art Nouveau in France", "description": "<i>Art Nouveau in France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 12-November 27, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-07-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 219712, "title": "F\u00e9lix Bracquemond (1833-1914) et les Arts D\u00e9coratifs Du Japonisme \u00e0 l'Art Nouveau", "description": "<i>F\u00e9lix Bracquemond (1833-1914) et les Arts D\u00e9coratifs Du Japonisme \u00e0 l'Art Nouveau</i>. Mus\u00e9e Adrien Dubouch\u00e9, Limoges, France (April 5-June 27, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-04-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 230465, "title": "Jewelry by Artists, from Art Nouveau to the Avant-gardes", "description": "<i>Jewelry by Artists, from Art Nouveau to the Avant-gardes</i>. Museu Nacional d' Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (organizer) (October 26, 2010-February 28, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Commissioned by Baron J. Vitta, by descent to his heirs", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Heirs of Baron J. Vitta", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "[Cyril Humphris, Ltd., Ferrers Gallery, London, England]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-July 1978", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ralph King [1855-1926] Cleveland Heights, OH, given by exchange to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 166861, "description": "Design for a Hand Mirror, c. 1900-1902. F\u00e9lix Bracquemond (French, 1833-1914). Watercolor and black ink with graphite; sheet: 18 x 13.8 cm (7 1/16 x 5 7/16 in.); framed: 62 x 45 cm (24 7/16 x 17 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund 2009.11.4", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The mirror\u2019s relief of Venus may be the only example of Rodin providing an ornament for a small decorative object.", "description": "We often think of art as the work of just one person. In the case of this mirror, its harmonious appearance conceals the number of people involved in its creation. The designer F\u00e9lix Bracquemond was commissioned by wealthy banker Baron Joseph Vitta to create decorative objects for his multiple homes. Bracquemond worked with other artists in making this mirror: well-known sculptor Auguste Rodin created the figure of Venus; artisan Alexandre Riquet fashioned the elaborate enameled decoration; and goldsmiths from Parisian jewelers Falize Fr\u00e8res completed the mirror and its blue translucent frame embedded with yellow, pink, and white flowers. Through close collaboration between patron, designer, and artists, this mirror represents the trend at the end of the 1800s for blending artistic specialties to create a single work of art. <br><br>The CMA\u2019s collection includes Bracquemond\u2019s preparatory drawings for the mirror and Rodin\u2019s carved plaster model for the figure of Venus.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763642"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.43-hand-mirror"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain (10/26/2010 - 2/28/2011): \"Jewelry by Artists, from Art Nouveau to the Avant-gardes\", ex. cat. no. 177, p. 178-179.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201348.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42, no. 7; Reproduced: Back cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P. \u201cBaron Vitta and the Bracquemond/Rodin Hand Mirror.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 8 (November 1979): 297\u2013310.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 297-298, figs. 1-2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159645"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., and Sara Jane Pearman. \u201cFurther Reflections.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 8 (October 1984): 276\u2013279.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 277-279, figs. 4-5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159879"}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M, \"A Discerning Eye\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 05, May 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-05/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, Jeannine J Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, Ohio:  Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 133; Mentioned: P. 324, no. 8", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.43", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.43/1978.43_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "379845", "filename": "1978.43_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.43/1978.43_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5532927", "filename": "1978.43_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.43/1978.43_full.tif", "width": "4080", "height": "5440", "filesize": "66617824", "filename": "1978.43_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Ralph King, by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "b2a253353667465aa071f9bd1ba86cf2", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/b2a253353667465aa071f9bd1ba86cf2", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149386, "creators": [{"id": 5538, "description": "F\u00e9lix Bracquemond (French, 1833\u20131914)", "extent": "designed by", "qualifier": null, "role": "designer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1833", "death_year": "1914", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 1}, {"id": 5925, "description": "Auguste Rodin (French, 1840\u20131917)", "extent": "relief by", "qualifier": null, "role": "sculptor", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}, {"id": 13439, "description": "Alexander Riquet (French)", "extent": "enamel by", "qualifier": null, "role": "enamelist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 3}, {"id": 13631, "description": "Alexis Falize (French, 1811\u20131898)", "extent": "goldsmith work by", "qualifier": null, "role": "goldsmith", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1811", "death_year": "1898", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 4}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-08-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1900", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:59.576000"}, {"id": 114972, "accession_number": "1935.145.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Two-Handled Cup, 1686. England, London, 17th century (James II). Silver gilt; overall: 23.9 x 32.4 cm (9 7/16 x 12 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Inspired by the great benefits accomplished for humanity by Dr. Geroge W. Crile, I give this James II cup to the Cleveland Museum of Art in his honor, gift of Grace Studebaker Fish, 1935.145.a", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Two-Handled Cup", "creation_date": "1686", "creation_date_earliest": 1686, "creation_date_latest": 1686, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, London, 17th century (James II)"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 23.9 x 32.4 cm (9 7/16 x 12 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.239, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.324, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312370, "title": "Chinoiserie in Textiles and Engravings, 18th-19th Centuries", "description": "<i>Chinoiserie in Textiles and Engravings, 18th-19th Centuries</i>. 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Fish, 1862-1946], New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1935", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This two-handled cup is accompanied by a lid. See cover record.", "description": "Produced a year after the coronation of James II (1633\u20131701), this silver cup and the accompanying lid celebrate the monarchy and reflect the political and social alliances that underpinned the aristocracy during the 1600s. During their coronation, James II and his second wife Mary of Modena (1658\u20131718) were carried through the city of London under a silk canopy adorned with motifs inspired by European perceptions of Chinese art, known as chinoiserie. Following the procession, the thirty-two lords involved in the ceremony were each offered a portion of the cloth from the canopy as well as sixteen troy ounces of silver from the posts. At least two of them commissioned cups adorned with chinoiserie to be made from the silver. While it is unclear if this cup once belonged to one of the thirty-two peers, it was almost certainly created in response to the same motifs and social developments.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781186"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.145.a-two-handled-cup"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Two-Handled Silver-Filt Cup a Gift of Frace Studebaker Fish.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>22, no. 9 (November 1935): 139-141.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138; Mentioned: p. 140-141", "url": "jstor.org/stable/25137722"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. 271", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n56"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n152"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n152"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n190"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.145.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.a/1935.145.a_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "628", "filesize": "184852", "filename": "1935.145.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.a/1935.145.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2373", "filesize": "1130378", "filename": "1935.145.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.a/1935.145.a_full.tif", "width": "9216", "height": "6432", "filesize": "177857692", "filename": "1935.145.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.a/1935.145.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "861", "filesize": "331841"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.a/1935.145.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3095", "height": "2961", "filesize": "2891582"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.a/1935.145.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3095", "height": "2961", "filesize": "27521608"}, "date_created": "2020-01-17T17:22:37", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Inspired by the great benefits accomplished for humanity by Dr. Geroge W. Crile, I give this James II cup to the Cleveland Museum of Art in his honor, gift of Grace Studebaker Fish", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114972, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1686, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1686", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1935.145", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:16.601000"}, {"id": 114973, "accession_number": "1935.145.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cover for a Two-Handled Cup, 1686. England, London, 17th century (James II). Silver gilt; overall: 23.9 x 32.4 cm (9 7/16 x 12 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Inspired by the great benefits accomplished for humanity by Dr. Geroge W. Crile, I give this James II cup to the Cleveland Museum of Art in his honor, gift of Grace Studebaker Fish, 1935.145.b", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Cover for a Two-Handled Cup", "creation_date": "1686", "creation_date_earliest": 1686, "creation_date_latest": 1686, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, London, 17th century (James II)"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 23.9 x 32.4 cm (9 7/16 x 12 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.239, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.324, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312370, "title": "Chinoiserie in Textiles and Engravings, 18th-19th Centuries", "description": "<i>Chinoiserie in Textiles and Engravings, 18th-19th Centuries</i>. 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Fish, 1862-1946], New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1935", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1935-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This lid accompanies a two-handled cup. See cover record.", "description": "Produced a year after the coronation of James II (1633\u20131701), this lid and the accompanying cup celebrate the monarchy and reflect the political and social alliances that underpinned the aristocracy during the 1600s. During their coronation, James II and his second wife Mary of Modena (1658\u20131718) were carried through the city of London under a silk canopy adorned with motifs inspired by European perceptions of Chinese art, known as chinoiserie. Following the procession, the thirty-two lords involved in the ceremony were each offered a portion of the cloth from the canopy as well as sixteen troy ounces of silver from the posts. At least two of them commissioned cups adorned with chinoiserie to be made from the silver. While it is unclear if this cup once belonged to one of the thirty-two peers, it was almost certainly created in response to the same motifs and social developments.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780895"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.145.b-cover-for-a-two-hand"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Two-Handled Silver-Filt Cup a Gift of Frace Studebaker Fish.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>22, no. 9 (November 1935): 139-141.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138; Mentioned: p. 140-141", "url": "jstor.org/stable/25137722"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 271", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n56"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n152"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n152"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n190"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.145.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.b/1935.145.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "850", "filesize": "264540", "filename": "1935.145.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.b/1935.145.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3212", "filesize": "2429810", "filename": "1935.145.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.b/1935.145.b_full.tif", "width": "6598", "height": "6234", "filesize": "123423488", "filename": "1935.145.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.b/1935.145.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "415", "filesize": "208785"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.b/1935.145.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2364", "height": "1091", "filesize": "880897"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.145.b/1935.145.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2364", "height": "1091", "filesize": "7762292"}, "date_created": "2020-01-17T17:38:29", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Inspired by the great benefits accomplished for humanity by Dr. Geroge W. Crile, I give this James II cup to the Cleveland Museum of Art in his honor, gift of Grace Studebaker Fish", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114973, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-06-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1686, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1686", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1935.145", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:16.893000"}, {"id": 124979, "accession_number": "1946.425", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Plaques (Appliqu\u00e9), 1300s. Spain (Hispano-Moresque), 14th century. Translucent enamel on gold; overall: 2 x 3 cm (13/16 x 1 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1946.425", "current_location": "110B Late Gothic", "title": "Pair of Plaques (Appliqu\u00e9)", "creation_date": "1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1399, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Spain (Hispano-Moresque), 14th century"], "technique": "translucent enamel on gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Overall: 2 x 3 cm (13/16 x 1 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.02, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.03, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 704927, "title": "Exhibition of Enamels", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Enamels</i>. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (organizer) (February 27-April 1, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-02-27T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Medieval Art from the 12th to 15th Centuries</em>, The Taft Museum, Cincinnati, OH (December 1948-January 1949).", "opening_date": "1948-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Enamels,</em> University of Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, PA (March 13-April 8, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-03-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Enamel, An Historic Survey to the Present Day,</em> Cooper Union Museum, New York, NY ( April 15 - June 11, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-04-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Spanish Romanesque Art in Honor of Walter W.S. Cook, </em>The Cloisters, New York, NY (December 15, 1954 - January 30, 1955).", "opening_date": "1954-12-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Enamels, </em>Museum of Contemporary Crafts of American Craftsman's Council, New York, NY (September 18-November 29, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-09-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Belle da Costa Greene (1879-1950), New York, NY, sold to Brummer Galleries", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1946", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Brummer Gallery, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Enamel can be made opaque or translucent; when translucent, it resembles stained glass, allowing light to pass through.", "description": "This oblong plaque is decorated with pseudo-Kufic (fake Arabic) designs indicating that it was produced in Spain under Muslim influence. It may have served as an applied ornament to some article of personal adornment such as a belt. It is possible that the design was inspired by Arabic coinage.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757186"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.425-pair-of-plaques-appl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Brummer Gallery Records. Cloisters (Museum), n.d. X1491", "page_number": "", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16028coll9/id/4309/rec/3"}, {"citation": "University of Pittsburgh. <em>History of Enamels, VII-XX Century</em>. Catalogue of an Exhibition, March 13-April 8, 1950. 1950.", "page_number": "cat. no. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cooper Union Museum for the Arts of Decoration, and Everett Parker Lesley.<em> Enamel, An Historic Survey to the Present Day. </em>1954.", "page_number": "Cat no. 55", "url": ""}, {"citation": "New York University.<em> Spanish Medieval Art</em>. Loan Exhibition in Honor of Dr. Walter W.S. Cook. 1954.", "page_number": "cat no. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Clarke, Bert. <em>Enamels</em>: [Exhibition] Museum of Contemporary Crafts of the American Craftsmen's Council, New York City, September 18 Through November 29, 1959. [New York]: [The Museum], 1959.", "page_number": "cat no. 10", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.425", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.425/1946.425_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "309", "filesize": "", "filename": "1946.425_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.425/1946.425_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1166", "filesize": "", "filename": "1946.425_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.425/1946.425_full.tif", "width": "6675", "height": "2289", "filesize": "", "filename": "1946.425_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.425/1946.425_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "588", "filesize": "152692"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.425/1946.425_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2222", "filesize": "1010342"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.425/1946.425_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3603", "height": "2355", "filesize": "25492748"}, "date_created": "2008-07-01T17:55:24", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124979, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-11-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:27:15.704000"}, {"id": 142773, "accession_number": "1966.477", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kremlin Tower Clock, c. 1913. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Rhodonite, silver, enamel, emeralds, sapphires; overall: 29 x 14.6 cm (11 7/16 x 5 3/4 in.). 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Faberg\u00e9 (in Cyrillic); double-headed eagle [imperial warrant]; 16419 k? scratched.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Painted on clock face: Le Gruet (in script); strike, silence, set hand work (in English).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. 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The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 402955, "title": "Faberg\u00e9: Romance to Revolution", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9: Romance to Revolution</i>. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 20, 2021-May 8, 2022) https://www.vam.ac.uk/exhibitions/faberge.", "opening_date": "2021-11-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Kremlin tower, which this clock resembles, has a secret well and an underground tunnel that leads to the Moscow River.", "description": "The use of Russian hardstones in creating precious objects became a hallmark of design from the House of Faberg\u00e9. Easily carved, these minerals were sourced largely from the western region surrounding the Ural Mountains. Faberg\u00e9's workmasters used colorful stones such as agate, nephrite (jade), lapis lazuli, rock crystal, and rhodonite, seen here in this elaborate table or mantel clock, to create all manner of luxurious accessories. Bright pink rhodonite was among the rarest, and consequently most expensive, specimens used by the House of Faberg\u00e9. <br><br>This clock resembles the Taynitskaya Tower, the middle tower on the south side of the Kremlin. The House of Faberg\u00e9 created this work to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, representing Faberg\u00e9's ability to balance the functionality of objects with intricate decorative design.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.477-kremlin-tower-clock"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 120-1, cat. 57", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry<em>. Faberge\u0301 in America.</em> New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 103, cat. 77", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=34433639"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 152, 213, cat. 68", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=230187932"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1912, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1913", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:33.573000"}, {"id": 146111, "accession_number": "1971.297.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Male Figure from a Pair (asye usu), late 1800s\u2013early 1900s. Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Baule-style carver. Wood, resin, glass beads, plant fiber, and metal; overall: 49.5 x 9.1 x 13 cm (19 1/2 x 3 9/16 x 5 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katherine C. White, 1971.297.1", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Male Figure from a Pair (asye usu)", "creation_date": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1935, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Baule-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, resin, glass beads, plant fiber, and metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 49.5 x 9.1 x 13 cm (19 1/2 x 3 9/16 x 5 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.495, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.091, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.13, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 184604, "title": "Object in Focus: Male and Female Spirit Spouse Figures", "description": "<i>Object in Focus: Male and Female Spirit Spouse Figures</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 7-March 9, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-01-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 287107, "title": "African Master Carvers: Known and Famous", "description": "<i>African Master Carvers: Known and Famous</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 16, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1968: \"African Tribal Images: The Katherine White Reswick Collection,\" cat. no. 85, repr.", "opening_date": "1968-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1973: \"Year in Review 1972,\" CMA Bulletin LX (March, 1973), p. 107, no. 38, repr. p. 105.", "opening_date": "1973-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; January 7- March 9, 2003.  \" Object in Focus: Male (blolo bian) and Female (blolo bla) Spirit Partner Figures, Africa, Ivory Coast, Baule, c. 1930s [wood; 1971.297.1-2] \"", "opening_date": "2003-01-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (3/26/2017-7/16/2017); \u201cAfrican Master Carvers: Known and Famous\u201d.", "opening_date": "2017-03-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Katherine C. White (aka Katherine Merkel, Katherine Reswick)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1971", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH by gift", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["71.297", "837.68"], "did_you_know": "Baule artists looked to the world around them to capture contemporary ideas and ideals of beauty; this figure's hairstyle would have been worn when the sculpture was carved.", "description": "Baule figures carved as pairs usually represent untamed spirits of the wilderness called <em>asye usu.</em> These spirits may intervene in the lives of individuals by taking possession of them. If this possession does not result in madness, it can lead to the human host\u2019s becoming a diviner who can enter into a trance to reveal the causes of ailments and other misfortunes. People who feel their lives are being interrupted by the asye usu commission carvings representing idealized male and female forms whose grace and beauty in both anatomy and adornment will seduce the spirits and compel them to use the sculptures as their temporary homes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779292"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.297.1-male-figure-from-a-p"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fagg, William, and Cleveland Museum of Art. 1968. <em>African Tribal Images; the Katherine White Reswick Collection, no. 85</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"1972 Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 60, no. 3 (1973), cat. 38", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Henry John Drewal. 1989. <em>African Art : A Brief Guide to the Collection : The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Museum, fig. 15.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 17, p. 64 - 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.297.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297.1/1971.297.1_web.jpg", "width": "468", "height": "900", "filesize": "85903", "filename": "1971.297.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297.1/1971.297.1_print.jpg", "width": "1767", "height": "3400", "filesize": "655888", "filename": "1971.297.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297.1/1971.297.1_full.tif", "width": "3144", "height": "6048", "filesize": "57076452", "filename": "1971.297.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Katherine C. White", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146111, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1971.297", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Figure of a Spirit Husband", "Figure Pair (Asye Usu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:29:41.218000"}, {"id": 146112, "accession_number": "1971.297.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Female Figure from a Pair (asye usu), late 1800s\u2013early 1900s. Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Baule-style carver. Wood, resin, glass beads, plant fiber, and metal; overall: 47.7 x 10 x 11 cm (18 3/4 x 3 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katherine C. White, 1971.297.2", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Female Figure from a Pair (asye usu)", "creation_date": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Baule-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, resin, glass beads, plant fiber, and metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 47.7 x 10 x 11 cm (18 3/4 x 3 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.477, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.1, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 184604, "title": "Object in Focus: Male and Female Spirit Spouse Figures", "description": "<i>Object in Focus: Male and Female Spirit Spouse Figures</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 7-March 9, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-01-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 287107, "title": "African Master Carvers: Known and Famous", "description": "<i>African Master Carvers: Known and Famous</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 16, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1968: \"African Tribal Images: The Katherine White Reswick Collection,\" cat. no. 85, repr.", "opening_date": "1968-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1973: \"Year in Review 1972,\" CMA Bulletin LX (March, 1973), p. 107, no. 38, repr. p. 105.", "opening_date": "1973-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; January 7- March 9, 2003.  \" Object in Focus: Male (blolo bian) and Female (blolo bla) Spirit Partner Figures, Africa, Ivory Coast, Baule, c. 1930s [wood; 1971.297.1-2]\"", "opening_date": "2003-01-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (3/26/2017-7/16/2017); \u201cAfrican Master Carvers: Known and Famous\u201d.", "opening_date": "2017-03-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Katherine C. White (aka Katherine Merkel, Katherine Reswick)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1971", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["71.298", "838.68"], "did_you_know": "Baule artists looked to the world around them to capture contemporary ideas and ideals of beauty; this figure's hairstyle would have been worn when the sculpture was carved.", "description": "Baule figures carved as pairs usually represent untamed spirits of the wilderness called <em>asye usu.</em> These spirits may intervene in the lives of individuals by taking possession of them. If this possession does not result in madness, it can lead to the human host\u2019s becoming a diviner who can enter into a trance to reveal the causes of ailments and other misfortunes. People who feel their lives are being interrupted by the asye usu commission carvings representing idealized male and female forms whose grace and beauty in both anatomy and adornment will seduce the spirits and compel them to use the sculptures as their temporary homes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60748546"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.297.2-female-figure-from-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fagg, William, and Cleveland Museum of Art. 1968. <em>African Tribal Images; the Katherine White Reswick Collection, no. 85</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"1972 Year in Review\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 60, no. 3 (1973).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Henry John Drewal. 1989. <em>African Art : A Brief Guide to the Collection : The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Museum, fig. 15.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.297.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297.2/1971.297.2_web.jpg", "width": "532", "height": "900", "filesize": "89198", "filename": "1971.297.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297.2/1971.297.2_print.jpg", "width": "2011", "height": "3400", "filesize": "717284", "filename": "1971.297.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297.2/1971.297.2_full.tif", "width": "3570", "height": "6036", "filesize": "64677416", "filename": "1971.297.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Katherine C. White", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146112, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1971.297", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Figure of a Spirit Wife", "Figure Pair (Asye Usu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:29:41.466000"}, {"id": 141290, "accession_number": "1964.514", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cane Handle (Poign\u00e9e de canne), c. 1745. Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French). Soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1964.514", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Cane Handle (Poign\u00e9e de canne)", "creation_date": "c. 1745", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1755, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Saint Cloud, 18th century"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.115, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515973, "title": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West", "description": "<i>Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (June 10-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442812, "title": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence", "description": "<i>Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence</i>. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (October 5-December 2, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 317985, "title": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence", "description": "<i>Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence</i>. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (December 20, 1979-February 10, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-12-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "San Francisco, The California Palace of the Legion of Honor, 1966", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Exhib.: CMA 1965: \"Year in Review 1965.\"", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, The Taft Museum, 1979: Chinoserie: The Chinese Influence,", "opening_date": "1979-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The colorful overglaze enamel that decorates this cane handle was typical of Japanese Kakiemon decoration.", "description": "During the first half of the 18th century, porcelain cane handles were widely produced by the Saint-Cloud porcelain factory. This cane handle, molded in the shape of the head and torso of an Asian man, is representative of the popularity of chinoiserie, European designs that attempted to imitate the art, culture, and techniques of China and Japan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757924"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.514-cane-handle-poignee"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. LII (November 1965).", "page_number": "p. 153, listed no. 50, illus. p. 133", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Casanova, Maria Letizia. <em>Le porcellane francesi nei Musei di Napoli</em>. Napoli: Di Mauro Editore, 1974.", "page_number": "p. 102, no. 34 (as Chantilly)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dike, Catherine, and Guy Bezzaz. <em>La canne, objet d'art</em>. Paris: Editions de l'Amateur, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 236-42, illus. p. 236, no. 6 (as Chantilly)", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.514", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_web.jpg", "width": "1162", "height": "893", "filesize": "404113", "filename": "1964.514_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_print.jpg", "width": "3036", "height": "2334", "filesize": "2918323", "filename": "1964.514_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_full.tif", "width": "3036", "height": "2334", "filesize": "21286780", "filename": "1964.514_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1199", "height": "893", "filesize": "389151"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3246", "height": "2418", "filesize": "3122108"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3246", "height": "2418", "filesize": "23574900"}, "date_created": "2006-12-19T15:16:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1124", "height": "893", "filesize": "379033"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3006", "height": "2388", "filesize": "2863394"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3006", "height": "2388", "filesize": "21563680"}, "date_created": "2006-12-19T15:23:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1139", "height": "893", "filesize": "417220"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2916", "height": "2286", "filesize": "2787940"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.514/1964.514_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2916", "height": "2286", "filesize": "20026840"}, "date_created": "2006-12-19T15:38:50", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141290, "creators": [{"id": 11810, "description": "Saint Cloud Porcelain Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Established c. 1690s", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1745", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:15:50.710000"}, {"id": 147847, "accession_number": "1974.208", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Container, c. 1920. Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, possibly \u1ecc\u0300y\u1ecd\u0301 region, Yor\u00f9b\u00e1-style carver. Wood, paint, and iron alloy; overall: 45.7 cm (18 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katherine C. White, 1974.208", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Container", "creation_date": "c. 1920", "creation_date_earliest": 1915, "creation_date_latest": 1925, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, possibly \u1ecc\u0300y\u1ecd\u0301 region, Yor\u00f9b\u00e1-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, paint, and iron alloy", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Vessels", "measurements": "Overall: 45.7 cm (18 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.457, "length_inch": 18, "length_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 232698, "title": "At Home in Africa: Design, Beauty and Pleasing Irregularity in Domestic Settings", "description": "<i>At Home in Africa: Design, Beauty and Pleasing Irregularity in Domestic Settings</i>. The Galleries at Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-October 4, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-08-28T00:00:00"}, {"id": 446033, "title": "Arts of Africa", "description": "<i>Arts of Africa</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (December 10, 2021-July 2, 2023).", "opening_date": "2021-12-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1968: \"African Tribal Images: The Katherine White Reswick Collection,\" cat. no. 136, repr.", "opening_date": "1968-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1975: \"Year in Review 1974,\" CMA Bulletin LXII (March, 1975), p. 97, no. 20.", "opening_date": "1975-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1981:  A Cleveland Bestiary, cat. no. 49, repr. p. 54.", "opening_date": "1981-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Galleries at Cleveland State, OH (8/27/2014 - 10/4/2014):  \"At Home in Africa: Design, Beauty and Pleasing Irregularity in Domestic Settings\", cat. no. 13-1, p. 216.", "opening_date": "2014-08-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Julius Carlebach, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Memorandum from William D. Wixom to Ursula Korneitchouk and Del Gutridge. 12/18/74. CMA Archives</div>"], "date": "?\u20131961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Katherine C. White [1929-1980], Gates Mills, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961\u20131974", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1974\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["759.68"], "did_you_know": "Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 language distinguishes between \"artist\" and \"carver\" based on the object someone is making.", "description": "Boxes carved into animal shapes, like this goose, held kolanuts. A source of caffeine, the kolanut seed is harvested from evergreen tree fruits. Guests to Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 homes are offered the bitter nuts as a sign of hospitality; sometimes nut-filled boxes are placed on shrines. As birds are used as sacrifices, this box can be seen as a double offering of both fowl and fruit. The carver shaped and painted this waterfowl with great detail: rimmed eyes, alternating feather colors, and jointed legs ending in three-toed feet. According to a Cleveland Museum of Natural History ornithologist, these details suggest an Egyptian goose.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79927435"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fagg, William, and Cleveland Museum of Art. 1968. <em>African Tribal Images; the Katherine White Reswick Collection</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, no. 136.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Curnow, Kathy. At Home in Africa: Design, Beauty and Pleasing Irregularity in Domestic Settings. The Galleries at Cleveland State University, 2014, cat. no. 13-1, p. 216.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54; Mentioned: p. 51, p. 62", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.208", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Katherine C. White", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147847, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-02-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1915, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1920", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Container in the Form of a Duck"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:48.591000"}, {"id": 130330, "accession_number": "1952.95", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Self-Portrait, 1802. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor on ivory in a gold frame; framed: 7 x 5.7 cm (2 3/4 x 2 1/4 in.); unframed: 6.9 x 5.4 cm (2 11/16 x 2 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1952.95", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Self-Portrait", "creation_date": "1802", "creation_date_earliest": 1802, "creation_date_latest": 1802, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, early 19th Century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 7 x 5.7 cm (2 3/4 x 2 1/4 in.); Unframed: 6.9 x 5.4 cm (2 11/16 x 2 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.07, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.057, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "unframed": {"height": 0.069, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.054, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed left:  J S / 1802", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "<i>Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "<i>Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202)</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main European Rotation (Gallery 202)</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012). [Verso on display]", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the Artist, John Smart (1741-1811), by inheritance to his son, John James Smart", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1802-1811", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John James Smart (1805-1870), by inheritance to his daughter Mary Ann Bose", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1811-1870", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Ann Bose (n\u00e9e Smart, 1856\u20131934), by inheritance to her son William H. Bose", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1870-1934", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "William H. Bose (1875-1957)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934-1945", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie's London, December 17, 1945, lot 18).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 17, 1945", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Robert H. Rocklliff (d. 1963)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945-1947", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Sale: Sotheby's London, November 11, 1945, lot 119).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November 11, 1945", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "H.E. Backer, dealer, London, England on commission", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1948", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Dr. C.H. Samuelson, Greenacre, Exeter. England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1952", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Smart signed this self-portrait with his initials in the lower left along with the date it was made, 1802.", "description": "This self-portrait depicts the artist\u2019s almost full face with blue-gray eyes; gray, curly hair and sideburns; and a ruddy <br>complexion. In spite of the fact that it was no longer in fashion, the powder on his collar indicates that even in 1802 John Smart continued to powder his hair. He wears a dark blue coat with brass buttons; white stock collar, bow, and frill; and deep yellow waistcoat. Arthur Jaff\u00e9 has argued that the yellow waistcoat also seen in Smart\u2019s portrait in the National Gallery, London, indicates his Whiggish political proclivities. The background of the miniature is yellowish gray, and it is signed at the lower left: \u201cJS / 1802.\u201d The silver-gilt frame is probably original, but the gold monogram JS, placed over an opalescent background, may have been added later.<br><br>The portrait was formerly in the collection of William Henry Bose, who was Smart\u2019s great-grandson. The Bose collection of Smart sketches and preparatory studies was sold February 15, 1937, at Christie\u2019s, London, but the self-portrait was retained and lent to the Victoria and Albert Museum. In her biography of Smart, Daphne Foskett notes that in 1913 William Bose received a letter from the Reynolds Galleries in London informing him that \u201cSmart\u2019s miniatures were not then selling quite as well as they formerly did, and that the average price of a male portrait was from \u00a320 to \u00a330 and for a lady, young and good-looking, from \u00a330 to \u00a370.\u201d In 1947, over three decades later, the market had revived, and the self-portrait sold for \u00a3360.<br><br>In her <em>Dictionary of British Miniature Painters</em>, Foskett notes that Smart painted nine self-portraits, but she does not list them. Having executed at least nine self-portraits during two decades of his mature career, Smart seemed more invested in recording his changing likeness than most of his miniature-painting contemporaries. This attitude of consistent introspection and careful attention to the conservation of his skills outside of the pressures of a commission is in keeping with his practice of executing and retaining highly finished preliminary studies of his sitters for their portraits. In each of his self-portraits, Smart is conservatively dressed and coiffed, with the ruddy complexion and slightly amused expression found in so many of the portraits he painted. Portraits of Smart by other artists reiterate both the humor <br>and intensity seen in the self-portraits.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79912069"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.95-self-portrait"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods.<em> Miniatures, Objects of Art and Vertu. </em>1945.", "page_number": "Lot 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Fine Portrait Miniatures, Enamels and Snuff Boxes.</em> 1947.", "page_number": "lot 119, pl. VI", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. <em>Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection</em>. 1951.", "page_number": "p. 30, no. 34, pl. IX", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burchfield, Louise H. \u201cPortrait Miniatures.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 41, no. 2 (1954).", "page_number": "p. 22, 26", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141936"}, {"citation": "\u201cThree Paintings Recently Acquired.\u201d <em>Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts</em> 52, no. 290 (1954).", "page_number": "p. 90", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/4171186"}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Arthur. \u201cJohn Smart, Miniature Painter\u20141741(?)\u20131811: His Life and Iconography.\u201d <em>Art Quarterly</em> XVII, no. 3 (Autumn 1954).", "page_number": "fig. 10, pp. 249, 251, 254", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne.<em> John Smart: the Man and His Miniatures.</em> [London]: Cory, Adams &amp; Mackay, 1964.", "page_number": "fi g. 6 (repr.), pl. III", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. <em>A Dictionary of British Miniature Painters</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1972.", "page_number": "vol. 1, pp. 513\u201316; vol. II, no. 840, pl. 336", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong.<em> European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 305", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. <em>Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives. </em>2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. <em>British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 20</em>13.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 34, pp. 156-159", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 197", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.95", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "130580", "filename": "1952.95_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1358680", "filename": "1952.95_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_full.tif", "width": "9218", "height": "9218", "filesize": "254941828", "filename": "1952.95_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "113577"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1135634"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9218", "height": "9218", "filesize": "254941784"}, "date_created": "2025-08-15T16:41:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "72649"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "849024"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023212"}, "date_created": "2013-02-07T18:08:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "83237"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1026676"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022356"}, "date_created": "2013-02-07T18:30:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "893", "filesize": "438506"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2762", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5151106"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3385", "height": "4167", "filesize": "42346860"}, "date_created": "2008-10-07T15:47:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "402330"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2725", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4814231"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.95/1952.95_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3570", "height": "4455", "filesize": "47744480"}, "date_created": "2007-12-17T20:31:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130330, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities <br>above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness.  <br>Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared.  Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane.  Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those <br>involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. <br>Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though <br>highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women.  Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from <br>Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-03-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1802, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1802", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:44:10.287000"}, {"id": 150851, "accession_number": "1982.256", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Marie-Yolande de Fitz-James, 1867. Henri Fantin-Latour (French, 1836\u20131904). Oil on fabric; framed: 65.1 x 57.2 x 7.6 cm (25 5/8 x 22 1/2 x 3 in.); unframed: 50.2 x 42.2 cm (19 3/4 x 16 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lewis C. Williams, 1982.256", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Marie-Yolande de Fitz-James", "creation_date": "1867", "creation_date_earliest": 1867, "creation_date_latest": 1867, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 65.1 x 57.2 x 7.6 cm (25 5/8 x 22 1/2 x 3 in.); Unframed: 50.2 x 42.2 cm (19 3/4 x 16 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.651, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.572, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.502, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.422, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper left: Fantin. 67\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Fantin-Latour</em>. Museum of French Art, New York, NY (1932).", "opening_date": "1932-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Fantin-Latour 1836-1904</em>. Grand Palais, Paris, France (November 9, 1982-February 7, 1983); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (March 17-May 22,1983); California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA. (June 18-September 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Duchesse de Fitz-James [1830-1915], Ch\u00e2teau de la Lorie, Maine-et-Loire. F\u00e9ral, Paris.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(F & J Tempelaere, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Kraushaar Gallery, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926-1929", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Possibly Chester Dale [1883-1962], Washington DC", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(C. W. Kraushaar, New York, NY, sold to Lewis B. Williams)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Lewis B. Williams, Cleveland, OH, by descent to Lewis C. Williams", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932-1982", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Lewis C. Williams, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1982", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1982-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2.74"], "did_you_know": "Fantin-Latour, known for his portraits and flower still lifes, never shared the artistic viewpoint of his friends and contemporaries, the Impressionists. He remained a traditional academic painter throughout his career and the style of this portrait reflects the romanticism of an earlier generation.", "description": "This portrait depicts Marie-Yolande de Fitz-James, the 12-year-old daughter of \u00c9douard de Fitz-James. Fantin-Latour painted a series of portraits of her family members in preparation for a large group portrait that was never completed. The sitter is elegantly dressed in a pink and white dress, identical to one worn by her elder sister, Fran\u00e7oise, for her portrait. Marie-Yolande wears no jewelry and her hair is styled more simply, as would have been suitable for a girl of her age at the time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474947"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1982.256-marie-yolande-de-fit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jullien, Adolphe. <em>Fantin-Latour, sa vie et ses amitie\u0301s; lettres ine\u0301dites et souvenirs personnels, avec cinquante-trois reproductions d'\u0153uvres du maitre, tire\u0301es a part, six autographes et vingt-deux illustrations dans le texte</em>. Paris, France: L. Laveur, 1909.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pgs. 31,33,197", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fantin-Latour, Victoria. <em>Catalogue de l'\u0153uvre complet (1849-1904) de Fantin-Latour, e\u0301tabli et re\u0301dige\u0301</em>. Paris, France: H. Floury, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 303", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gibson, Frank F. <em>The Art of Henri Fantin-Latour: His Life and Work</em>. London, United Kindgom: Drane's Ltd, 1924.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The International Studio</em> 37 (June 1926): 37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Topas, J. \u201cFantin-Latour, 1865-1904.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 17 (December 1928): 25\u201330.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 258-259; vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Verrier, Michelle. <em>Fantin-Latour.</em> New York: Harmony Books, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 20-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Druick, Douglas and Michel Hoog. <em>Fantin-Latour: Exhibition</em>. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1983.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \" Year in Review for 1983.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXI</em>, no. 2 (February, 1984): 39-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62, fig. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1990 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 4 (1991): 151-219.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161322"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Loyuise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museumof Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.256", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.256/1982.256_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "893", "filesize": "454034", "filename": "1982.256_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.256/1982.256_print.jpg", "width": "2848", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7220726", "filename": "1982.256_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.256/1982.256_full.tif", "width": "4750", "height": "5670", "filesize": "80830212", "filename": "1982.256_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Lewis C. Williams", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 150851, "creators": [{"id": 1862, "description": "Henri Fantin-Latour (French, 1836\u20131904)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "At the age of ten, Henri Fantin-Latour began painting with his father, Th\u00e9odore Fantin-Latour (1805-1875). In 1850 he left Grenoble and moved to Paris to study under Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1802-1897), an innovative and nontraditional instructor who developed and published his own unique teaching method based on painting and drawing from memory. Fantin studied with him for six years and then attended the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts for less than a year in 1854. Encouraged by J. A. M. Whistler (1834-1903), whom he met in 1858 at the Louvre, Fantin-Latour made several trips to London from 1859 to 1881, where he exhibited at the Royal Academy. London collectors appreciated his still lifes, and he began accepting numerous portrait commissions from English patrons. It was in London, through Whistler's brother-in-law Francis Seymour Haden (1818-1910), that Fantin first learned to etch. After his first Salon submissions were rejected in 1859, Fantin, in an effort to become better known in France, began exhibiting with his friend Manet (q.v.) and future impressionists Renoir (q.v.) and Monet (q.v.). In 1865 Fantin wrote collector Edwin Edwards: \"We form a group and make noise because there are lots of painters about and one is easily overlooked. When we get together . . . we gain strength in numbers and grow more adventurous. I thought it could last. That was my mistake.\" Unlike the realists and the impressionists, Fantin did not paint out of doors; rather, he preferred literary subjects, still lifes, and portraits that could be painted in his studio. In addition to portraits and still lifes, he made numerous paintings and more than 150 prints that were fantasy works and dream visions, paving the way for symbolist artists. These works were inspired by allegorical and mythological subjects as well as motivated by contemporary German composers such as Schumann and Wagner. After Fantin's death in 1904, critic Ren\u00e9-Marc Ferry wrote: \"when he found realism too limited and stifling, he lost himself in dreams, but his dreams went no further than the windows of his studio. Deep down, he was first and foremost a studio artist.\"1\r\n1. Druick and Hoog 1982, 28.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1836", "death_year": "1904", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1867, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1867", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:47:09.084000"}, {"id": 144058, "accession_number": "1968.40", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Standing Buddha, 591. Northern India, Uttar Pradesh. Bronze; overall: 46.5 x 15.4 x 13.4 cm (18 5/16 x 6 1/16 x 5 1/4 in.); without base: 35 x 13.8 x 10.5 cm (13 3/4 x 5 7/16 x 4 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1968.40", "current_location": "243 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Standing Buddha", "creation_date": "591", "creation_date_earliest": 591, "creation_date_latest": 591, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Uttar Pradesh"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 46.5 x 15.4 x 13.4 cm (18 5/16 x 6 1/16 x 5 1/4 in.); without base: 35 x 13.8 x 10.5 cm (13 3/4 x 5 7/16 x 4 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.465, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.154, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.134, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "without base": {"height": 0.35, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.138, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.105, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "wall thickness": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "1. \u1e79 deyadharmmoya\u1e43 la\u1e0ditagr\u0101me ya\u1e43gvalvih\u0101re \u015b\u0101[kya] bhik\u1e63u\u1e47y\u0101  \n2. pari\u015buddhamaty\u0101 yadattra pu\u1e47ya\u1e43 tadbhavatu sarvvasatv\u0101n\u0101-  \n3. manuttarasarvva j\u00f1\u0101n\u0101v\u0101ptaye/ / sa\u1e43vat  \n4a. 500 10 3/ / caityak\u016bta jinabandhuvih\u0101rap\u016brvva-bhudde\u015be  \n4b. pi\u1e47\u1e0dakena bhojana\u1e43 karttavya*/ /  \n*Mistake for karttavyam", "inscription_translation": "This [image] is the pious gift of the Shakya nun Parishuddamati who lives in the Yamgval convent in Laditagrama. Whatever merit there may be in this [deed], may it lead to the attainment of supreme enlightenment of all sentient beings. Samvat 513 (AD 591). A feast should be provided [from the proceeds of] pindaka at the locale east of the Chaityakuta Jinabandhu monastery.", "inscription_remark": "Gautama Vajracharya (at LACMA 1975) once offered an alternate interpretation of the last line:  \"(It is the wish) that (a certain ascetic) Purnnaka, belonging to the monastery in the locality of Chaityakuta, should be fed.\"", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443756, "title": "The Ideal Image: The Gupta Sculptural Tradition and Its Influence", "description": "<i>The Ideal Image: The Gupta Sculptural Tradition and Its Influence</i>. Asia House Galleries, New York City, NY (organizer) (October 5-December 3, 1978); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (January 1-February 25, 1979); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (March 24-May 6, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Unknown, Kathmandu, sold to Bombay dealer Lalbhai Dur Lama", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131965", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Lalbhai Dur Lama, Bombay, India, sold to Isidor Kahane)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965\u2013? by 1968", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(I. Kahane, Inc., Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "? after 1965\u20131968", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Around the time when this sculpture was made, portable bronzes began to replace relics as the principal sacred commodity circulating in the Buddhist world.", "description": "This bronze Buddha is exceptional, because it carries an inscription on its base that dates its manufacture to the year 591. According to the inscription, the sculpture was dedicated by a nun who was from a village in Nepal, but she probably commissioned it at a workshop in northern India.<br><br>The Buddha's robe on this image has been left plain, without pleat lines to obscure the beauty of the contours of the body. Only the rippling scalloped clusters of the garment\u2019s hem lend some sense of energy and subtle ornament to the composition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781003"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.40-standing-buddha"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Back Matter.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 10 (1968).", "page_number": "Reproduced: back cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152244"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 231", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n255"}, {"citation": "\"Art of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1968.\" <em>Archives of Asian Art</em> 23 (1969): 58\u201387.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 62, fig. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \u201cA Gupta Style Bronze Buddha.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 57, no. 2, 1970, pp. 55\u201367.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover; fig. 8, p. 58; fig. 12, p. 60; fig. 13, pp. 62\u201363; fig. 15, p. 66", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152311"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \"Addenda: A Gupta Style Bronze Buddha.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 4 (1970).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152325"}, {"citation": "Slusser, Mary Shepherd, and Gautamvajra Vajracharya. \"On the Antiquity of Nepalese Metalcraft.\" <em>Archives of Asian Art</em> 29 (1975): 80\u201395.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 5, p. 83", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20062580"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n310"}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Ulrich von.<em> Indo-Tibetan Bronzes</em>. Hong Kong: Visual Dharma Publications, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 74E, p. 304; Reproduced: p. 305", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Slusser, Mary Shepherd. <em>Nepal Mandala: A Cultural Study of the Kathmandu Valley</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 287, fig. 448", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Deva, Krish \u201cThe Golden Age of the Guptas\u201d in <em>Indian Bronze Masterpieces: The Great Tradition: Specially Published for the Festival of India</em>. Karl J. Khandalavala, Asharani Mathur, and Sonya Singh, eds. New Delhi: Specially published on behalf of the Festival of India by Brijbasi Printers, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 35\u201345", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 130\u2013131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sharma, Deo Prakash, and Madhuri Sharma. <em>Early Buddhist Metal Images of South Asia: With Special Reference to Gupta-Vakatakas Period</em>. Delhi: Bharatiya Kala Prakashan, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  fig. 41, p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw, \"Great Acquisitions and Southeast Asian Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Orientations, An Issue in Honour of Sherman E. Lee</em> (Jan/Feb 2005), vol. 36, no. 1.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 39, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya, and Siddharth K. Bhansali. <em>The Elegant Image: Bronzes from the Indian Subcontinent in the Siddharth K. Bhansali Collection</em>. Mumbai: Marg Foundation, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E. and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 203", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Graldi, Aurora. \u201cCast in India and Donated by a Nepalese Nun? The case-study of the inscribed Buddha in the Cleveland Museum of Art\u201d, 23rd EASAA Conference, Cardiff University, UK, 2016.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Graldi, Aurora. \"Travelling Icons and Travelling Donors: A Metal Buddha Image in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Orientations</em>, volume 49, number 1 (January/February 2018), pp. 96\u2013102.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 96\u2013102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guy, John. \"Parading Buddha in the Post-Gupta Age: A Newly Discovered Masterpiece of Indian Bronze Sculpture.\" <em>Orientations </em>47, no. 2 (March 2018): 102\u2013112.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schorsch, Deborah, Lawrence Becker, and Federico Caro. \" Enlightened Technology: casting Divinity in the Gupta Age.\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> vol. 49, no. 2 (March-April 2019): 131\u2013143.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.40", 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "1dbca9047607485891297832cbaf88f5", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/1dbca9047607485891297832cbaf88f5", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144058, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 591, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "591", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:21.718000"}, {"id": 145411, "accession_number": "1970.66", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Eleven-Headed Guanyin (\u5341\u4e00\u9762\u89c0\u97f3\u83e9\u85a9), late 600s. China, Tang dynasty (618\u2013907). Wood; height: 62.9 cm (24 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1970.66", "current_location": null, "title": "Eleven-Headed Guanyin", "title_in_original_language": "\u5341\u4e00\u9762\u89c0\u97f3\u83e9\u85a9", "creation_date": "late 600s", "creation_date_earliest": 675, "creation_date_latest": 699, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Tang dynasty (618\u2013907)"], "technique": "wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Tang Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "height: 62.9 cm (24 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"height": {"height": 0.629, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 358325, "title": "Masterworks of Wood: China and Japan", "description": "<i>Masterworks of Wood: China and Japan</i>. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (organizer) (November 4-December 5, 1976); Asia House Galleries, New York City, NY (January 13-March 27, 1977).", "opening_date": "1976-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304427, "title": "Korea: Bridge of Culture", "description": "<i>Korea: Bridge of Culture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 11-August 10, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 318433, "title": "Taming Tigers and Releasing Dragons: Masterpieces of Chinese Buddhist Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "<i>Taming Tigers and Releasing Dragons: Masterpieces of Chinese Buddhist Art \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 8-August 11, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-02-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mayuyama and Company, Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sculpture was made of different types of wood with different grain sizes and patterns, which are connected with wood pegs and glue.", "description": "Guanyin, the bodhisattva of infinite compassion, can be identified by his attributes, carrying a tiny Amida Buddha in his crown, and holding a bottle with the nectar of life in his left hand. 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Upon his death, he entered nirvana, an eternal state free of desire and suffering, outside the realm of birth, death, and rebirth. <br><br>The dating and attribution of the figure as being from China needs further study.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79923385"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.66-eleven-headed-guanyi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1970.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 58, no. 2, 1971, pp. 22\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49 and 70, no. 152", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Donald, and Robin Scribnick. <em>Masterworks in Wood: China and Japan: [Exhibition] Portland Art Museum, November 4 Through December 5, 1976, Asia House Gallery, January 13 Through March 20, 1977</em>. Portland, OR: Portland Art Museum, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39, cat. no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 334", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n354"}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662. <em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xiang</em> [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf = Chinese art in overseas collections. Buddhist sculpture]. Taibei Shi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sun, Di, editor. <em>Zhongguo liu shi hai wai Fo jiao zao xiang zong he tu mu </em>[\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u5931\u6d77\u5916\u4f5b\u6559\u9020\u50cf\u603b\u5408\u56fe\u76ee = Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Buddhist Statues in Overseas Collections]. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 6, p. 1213", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.66", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_web.jpg", "width": "586", "height": "900", "filesize": "97489", "filename": "1970.66_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_print.jpg", "width": "2212", "height": "3400", "filesize": "971668", "filename": "1970.66_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_full.tif", "width": "5079", "height": "7806", "filesize": "118967508", "filename": "1970.66_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "562", "height": "900", "filesize": "84601"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2123", "height": "3400", "filesize": "848496"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4782", "height": "7658", "filesize": "109888844"}, "date_created": "2017-05-15T09:16:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "582", "height": "900", "filesize": "84979"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2199", "height": "3400", "filesize": "874865"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4965", "height": "7678", "filesize": "114390988"}, "date_created": "2017-05-15T10:02:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "597", "height": "900", "filesize": "93139"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2254", "height": "3400", "filesize": "965245"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5196", "height": "7839", "filesize": "122221632"}, "date_created": "2017-05-15T10:47:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "561", "height": "900", "filesize": "94755"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2120", "height": "3400", "filesize": "943939"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4782", "height": "7670", "filesize": "110061328"}, "date_created": "2017-05-12T11:45:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "569", "height": "900", "filesize": "96920"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2150", "height": "3400", "filesize": "966111"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.66/1970.66_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4898", "height": "7745", "filesize": "113832564"}, "date_created": "2017-05-12T14:42:55", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145411, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 675, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 600s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Eleven-Headed Kuan-yin"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:04.513000"}, {"id": 125349, "accession_number": "1947.30", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lime Dipper, c. 1\u2013800 CE. Colombia, Calima region, Yotoco style. Gold; overall: 22.8 cm (9 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1947.30", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Lime Dipper", "creation_date": "c. 1\u2013800 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Colombia, Calima region, Yotoco style"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 22.8 cm (9 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 0.228, "length_inch": 9, "length_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art: November 9, 1945- January 6, 1946. \"Art of the Americas.\"", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, OH: The Taft Museum; October 6-November 19, 1950.  \"Ancient American Gold&#9;and Jade.\"  cat.no. 71, pg. 19, black and white repr.", "opening_date": "1950-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York,  NY: Museum of Modern Art; January 26-March 26, 1954.  \"Ancient Arts of the Andes.\" exh. cat., repr. in black and white, p. 142, fig. 164.", "opening_date": "1954-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23-April 3, 1966. \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2035.1945"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Coca-leaf chewing was a widespread ritual in ancient South America. Utensils included a container and a dipper or spoon for powdered lime (made from seashells), added to the coca to enhance its gentle, stimulating effect. Colombian cultures are especially known for transforming these utensils into works of art made of precious metal. The image on the tallest dipper is wonderfully complex. A serpent coils at the bottom, beneath a snarling animal with a huge, vertical tail. This animal has a tiny monkey on its back; the monkey also has a huge tail, which rests on the first animal\u2019s head like a headdress. This intricate image was created with the lost-wax casting process.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778476"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.30-lime-dipper"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 295", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n319"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 295", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n319"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 398", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n418"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.30", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "298352", "filename": "1947.30_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1925", "filesize": "1639194", "filename": "1947.30_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1925", "filesize": "8873660", "filename": "1947.30_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "543", "height": "893", "filesize": "149476"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2067", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2906024"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3814", "height": "6271", "filesize": "71792332"}, "date_created": "2011-10-25T14:27:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "558", "height": "893", "filesize": "152027"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2124", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2953544"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3972", "height": "6356", "filesize": "75775012"}, "date_created": "2011-10-25T14:41:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "565", "height": "893", "filesize": "157041"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2150", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3064363"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3994", "height": "6315", "filesize": "75704832"}, "date_created": "2011-10-25T14:56:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "556", "height": "893", "filesize": "153673"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2117", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2989892"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.30/1947.30_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3937", "height": "6323", "filesize": "74721096"}, "date_created": "2011-10-25T15:08:38", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125349, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1\u2013800 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Gold Pin"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:28:36.270000"}, {"id": 114538, "accession_number": "1934.166", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Zapata, 1932. Diego Rivera (Mexican, 1886\u20131957), printed by George C. Miller (American, 1894\u20131966), published by Weyhe Gallery. Lithograph; image: 41.3 x 33.2 cm (16 1/4 x 13 1/16 in.); sheet: 52.7 x 39.8 cm (20 3/4 x 15 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1934.166. \u00a9 Artists Right Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "Zapata", "creation_date": "1932", "creation_date_earliest": 1932, "creation_date_latest": 1932, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["Mexico, 20th century"], "technique": "lithograph", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Lithograph", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 41.3 x 33.2 cm (16 1/4 x 13 1/16 in.); Sheet: 52.7 x 39.8 cm (20 3/4 x 15 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.413, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.332, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "sheet": {"height": 0.527, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.398, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": "I/I", "edition_of_the_work": "edition of 100", "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Right Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and inscribed at lower left, in pencil: 84/100 Diego Rivera; at lower right, in pencil: 1932; initialed and inscribed at lower right on stone: DR32", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 356832, "title": "Recent Accessions of Prints, 1933-34", "description": "<i>Recent Accessions of Prints, 1933-34</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-March 13, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-02-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 708534, "title": "Diego Rivera 50 A\u00f1os Exposici\u00f3n Nacional", "description": "<i>Diego Rivera 50 A\u00f1os Exposici\u00f3n Nacional</i>. Museo Nacional de Artes Pl\u00e1sticas, Mexico City, Mexico (organizer) (March 4, 2026-January 31, 1950).", "opening_date": "1949-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301501, "title": "40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "<i>40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 3, 1959-January 20, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-12-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350592, "title": "Prints and Drawings, 1916-1965", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings, 1916-1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 20-July 24, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-05-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302153, "title": "Satire and Social Comment", "description": "<i>Satire and Social Comment</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 15, 1975-February 8, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-07-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 373919, "title": "A Graphic Revolution: Prints and Drawings in Latin America", "description": "<i>A Graphic Revolution: Prints and Drawings in Latin America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 14-August 2, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Weyhe Gallery, New York, sold to the Print Club of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932-1934", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Print Club of Cleveland, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Diego Rivera was one of numerous Mexican muralists to depict Emiliano Zapata around the time this print was made.", "description": "This print depicts Emiliano Zapata (1879\u20131919), a leader of the Mexican Revolution who became a symbol of progressive politics in the decades following his assassination. Zapata disavowed his privileged background and fought for workers\u2019 rights. Diego Rivera's lithograph emphasized Zapata's heroism, showing him leading a white horse and a band of followers.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80007284"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of an exhibition of the art of lithography: commemorating the sesquicentennial of its invention, 1798-1948</em>. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, November 11, 1948-January 2, 1949. Published as: Emilano Zapata, the Agrarian Leader of Morelos.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Lithography/page/n65"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Williams 10", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1934.166", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114538, "creators": [{"id": 13165, "description": "Diego Rivera (Mexican, 1886\u20131957)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1886", "death_year": "1957", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 370463, "description": "George C. 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Jan Steen (Dutch, 1626\u20131679). Oil on canvas; framed: 96.5 x 119.5 x 11 cm (38 x 47 1/16 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 70 x 93 cm (27 9/16 x 36 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.153", "current_location": null, "title": "Esther, Ahasuerus, and Haman", "creation_date": "c. 1668", "creation_date_earliest": 1663, "creation_date_latest": 1673, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 96.5 x 119.5 x 11 cm (38 x 47 1/16 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 70 x 93 cm (27 9/16 x 36 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.965, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.195, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.7, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.93, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. 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National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (November 2, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (February 16-April 19, 1981); Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (May 18-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-11-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335904, "title": "Hollandse Meesters uit Ametrika (Great Dutch Paintings in America)", "description": "<i>Hollandse Meesters uit Ametrika (Great Dutch Paintings in America)</i>. Mauritshuis, The Hague, Netherlands (co-organizer) (September 25, 1990-January 13, 1991); The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (co-organizer) (February 16-May 5, 1991).", "opening_date": "1990-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 290545, "title": "Jan Steen\u2019s Histories", "description": "<i>Jan Steen\u2019s Histories</i>. Mauritshuis, Den Hague, Netherlands (organizer) (February 15-May 13, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519649, "title": "The Book of Esther in the Age of Rembrandt", "description": "<i>The Book of Esther in the Age of Rembrandt</i>. The Jewish Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 7-August 10, 2025) https://thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/book-of-esther-in-the-age-of-rembrandt; North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh, NC (September 20, 2025-March 8, 2026); Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, MA (August 6, 2026-January 18, 2027).", "opening_date": "2025-03-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Leyden, Museum de Lakehal, 1926: \"Jan Steen,\" cat. no. 37.", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Amsterdam, Rijkmuseum, 1929: \"Tentoonstelling van Oude Kunst,\" cat. no. 140.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum, 1939: \"Bijbelse Kunst,\" cat. no. 60 f.", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Delft, Prinsenhof, 1952: \"Prisma der Bibelse Kunst,\" cat. no. 88, pl. 50.", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Amsterdam, Douwes Brothers, 1955: \"Jubileum Tentoonstelling,\" cat. no. 59.", "opening_date": "1955-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Tel-Aviv Museum, 1959: \"Holland's Golden Age,\" cat. no. 106.", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Milwaukee Art Center, 1976: \"The Bible through Dutch Eyes,\" cat. no. 59, repr.", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Amsterdam, Douwes Brothers, 1962: \"The Hundred Best Works of Jan Steen,\" cat. no. 7.", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "At the center of this biblical scene, Steen included elements of a typical Dutch still life: a <em>Roemer</em> glass, a half-peeled lemon, and a blue-and-white porcelain dish.", "description": "Esther, the wife of the Persian king Ahasuerus, effectively concealed her Jewish identity until the prime minister Haman hatched a plot to annihilate the kingdom\u2019s Jews. To save her people Esther persuades the king (at the center) to rescind his order. He then turns against Haman, who slumps in his seat, aware of his sudden fall from power and his bleak future.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29419146"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.153-esther-ahasuerus-and"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bredius, Abraham, <em>Jan Steen</em> (Amsterdam, 1927)", "page_number": "p. 29, pl. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Martin, Willem, \"Neues uber Jan Steen,\" Zeitschrift fur Bildende Kunst, LXI (1927-28)", "page_number": "325", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Thieme, Ulrich, and Felix Becker, Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden K\u00fcnstler, XXXI (Leipzig, 1937)", "page_number": "511", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Albert Heppner, \"The Popular Theater of the Rederijkers in the Work of Jan Steen,\" Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, III (1939-40)", "page_number": "p. 42, pl. 4d", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Paintings, Drawings, and Miniatures in the Barber Institute of Fine Arts</em>, University of Birmingham (Cambridge, 1952)", "page_number": "p. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pigler, Andor. <em>Barockthemen. </em>Budapest, 1956.", "page_number": "p. 203", "url": ""}, {"citation": "van Braam, Fred A., ed., World Collectors Annuary, XII (1960)", "page_number": "440, no. 4961", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Weltkunst, XXXII (April 1962)", "page_number": "17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Notable Works of Art Now on the Market,\" Burlington Magazine, CVI (1964)", "page_number": "303, color pl. I", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d June 29, 1964, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1256"}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler, \"Esther, Ahasuerus, and Haman,\" CMA Bulletin, LII (1965)", "page_number": "94-100, color illus. p. 93, and fig. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n148"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 125", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n149"}, {"citation": "Kirschenbaum, Baruch D., <em>The Religious and Historical Paintings of Jan Steen</em> (New York, 1977)", "page_number": "pp. 13, 48, 50, 66, 70, 78, 8o, 88, 119 cat. no. 19a, 252, and fig. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n182"}, {"citation": "<em>Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> (Cleveland, 1978)", "page_number": "illus. p. 162", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274; Mentioned: p. 275", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dempsey, James H. \u201cThe Annual Report for 1984.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 4 (July 1985): 242\u2013298.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 251", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159905"}, {"citation": "Marijnissen, Peter, <em>De Zichtebaere werelt: Schilderk uit de Gouden Eeuw in Hollands oudste stad,</em> (Zwolle:Waanders; Dordrechts Museum, 1992)", "page_number": "p. 174", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chapman, Perry, H., Wouter Th. Kloek, Arthur K. Wheelock, Jr., J<em>an Steen: Painter and Storyteller</em>, (Washington, National Gallery of Art, 1996)", "page_number": "p. 244, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Westermann, Mari\u00ebt, <em>The Amusements of Jan Steen</em> (Zwolle, Waanders Publishers, 1997)", "page_number": "no. 165, p. 285", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wenley, Robert. <em>Pride &amp; Persecution: Jan Steen's Old Testament Scenes.</em> Birmingham: The Barber Institute of Fine Arts; London: Paul Holberton Publishing, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gulick, Rosalie van. \"Catalogue.\" In <em>Jan Steen's Histories. </em>Ariane van Suchtelen, ed., 114-121. Zwolle: Waanders Publishers; The Hague: Mauritshuis Foundation, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 115, 120-121, cat. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Suchtelen, Ariane van. \"A Storyteller of Genius: Jan Steen and the Art of History Painting.\" In <em>Jan Steen's Histories. </em>Ariane van Suchtelen, ed., 11-31. Zwolle: Waanders Publishers; The Hague: Mauritshuis Foundation, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18-19, 22, 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Westermann, Mariet. \"Steen's Great History Pageant.\" In <em>Jan Steen's Histories. </em>Ariane van Suchtelen, ed., 11-31. Zwolle: Waanders Publishers; The Hague: Mauritshuis Foundation, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rapoport, Abigail, and Michele L. Frederick. <em>The Book of Esther in the Age of Rembrandt. </em>New York: Jewish Museum, under the auspices of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94-95", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.153", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_web.jpg", "width": "1184", "height": "893", "filesize": "181582", "filename": "1964.153_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2564", "filesize": "1515741", "filename": "1964.153_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_full.tif", "width": "7436", "height": "5608", "filesize": "125127264", "filename": "1964.153_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1166", "height": "893", "filesize": "173134"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2605", "filesize": "2077399"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7560", "height": "5794", "filesize": "131431712"}, "date_created": "2013-07-26T11:19:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "738", "filesize": "368120"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2787", "filesize": "3742678"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7022", "height": "5757", "filesize": "121315048"}, "date_created": "2013-07-26T14:31:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1174", "height": "893", "filesize": "698706"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2587", "filesize": "5107920"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.153/1964.153_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4840", "height": "3682", "filesize": "53495228"}, "date_created": "2007-01-18T18:48:28", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140152, "creators": [{"id": 2688, "description": "Jan Steen (Dutch, 1626\u20131679)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1626", "death_year": "1679", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1663, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1668", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:10:49.419000"}, {"id": 454739, "accession_number": "1973.106.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Upper stele with hand for Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan, c. 600. Southern Cambodia, Takeo Province, Phnom Da. Sandstone; overall: 104.8 x 69.2 x 10.8 cm (41 1/4 x 27 1/4 x 4 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from the Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia, 1973.106.b", "current_location": "243 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Upper stele with hand for Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan", "creation_date": "c. 600", "creation_date_earliest": 590, "creation_date_latest": 610, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern Cambodia, Takeo Province, Phnom Da"], "technique": "Sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Cambodian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 104.8 x 69.2 x 10.8 cm (41 1/4 x 27 1/4 x 4 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.048, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.692, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.108, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 357308, "title": "Revealing Krishna: Journey to Cambodia\u2019s Sacred Mountain", "description": "<i>Revealing Krishna: Journey to Cambodia\u2019s Sacred Mountain</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2021-January 30, 2022); National Museum of Asian Art, Washington, DC (April 30-September 18, 2022) https://asia.si.edu/exhibition/revealing-krishna-journey-to-the-sacred-mountain/.", "opening_date": "2021-11-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 676976, "title": "Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d", "description": "<i>Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 12, 2024-November 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "L\u00e9once Rosenberg [1879\u20131947], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1910\u20131920", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Adolphe Stoclet [1871\u20131949], Palais Stoclet, Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920\u20131949", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mich\u00e8le Leon-Stoclet [1932\u20131967], Brussels, Belgium, and Barcelona, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949\u20131967", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gold earrings were once fastened to the sculpture using holes in the figure's earlobes.", "description": "This masterwork of early Cambodian sculpture shows the Hindu god Krishna effortlessly holding aloft a mountain to protect his fellow villagers and herds from torrential storms sent by a jealous old god. It is one of eight monumental monolithic figures recovered from a two-peaked mountain in the floodplains of the Mekong River delta, on the outskirts of the ancient urban center of Angkor Borei.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117247183"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.106.b-upper-stele-with-han"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby Mak van Waay B.V., Amsterdam. <em>Collection Le\u0301once Rosenberg, Paris, deuxie\u0300me et dernie\u0300re partie, Vente Publique</em>. Le Mardi 1 Juin 1920. Lot 214.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Groslier, George. <em>Arts et arche\u0301ologie Khmers: Revue des recherches sur les arts, les monuments et l'ethnographie du Cambodge depuis les origines jusqu'a\u0300 nos jours. 2, 2</em>. Paris: Ste\u0301 des e\u0301d. ge\u0301ographiques, maritimes et coloniales, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  [no page number], descriptive caption facing Pl. XXX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. <em>History of Indian and Indonesian Art</em>. New York: E Weyhe, 1927.", "page_number": "p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goloubew, Victor. <em>Documents pour servir a\u0300 l'e\u0301tude d'Ajanta; les peintures de la premie\u0300re grotte</em>. Paris et Bruxelles: G. Vanoest, 1927.", "page_number": "p. 415", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parmentier, Henri. <em>L'art khme\u0300r primitif</em>. Paris: G. Vanoest, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 121 and fig. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fischer, Otto. <em>Die Kunst Indiens, Chinas und Japans</em>. Berlin: Propyla\u0308en-Verlag, 1928.", "page_number": "p. 226", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cuisinier, Jeanne. \u201cCollections of Oriental Art in Belgium,\u201d <em>Indian Art and Letters </em>New Series, Vol II, no. 2. London: The India Society, Second issue for 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 81 and Plate E", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Coral R\u00e9musat, Gilberte. \u201cL'activit\u00e9 Arch\u00e9ologique Dans L'Inde Ext\u00e9rieure.\u201d <em>Revue Des Arts Asiatiques</em>, vol. 10, no. 4, 1936, pp. 211\u2013226.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 225-226", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/43475009"}, {"citation": "C\u0153de\u0300s, George. <em>Inscriptions du Cambodge</em>. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, p. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Visser, H. F. E. <em>Asiatic Art in Private Collections of Holland and Belgium</em>. Amsterdam: \"De Spieghel\" Pub. Co, 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 198, no. 338, pp. 76-77, 476-477", "url": null}, {"citation": "Briggs, Lawrence Palmer.<em> The Ancient Khmer Empire</em>. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1951.", "page_number": "p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rowland, Benjamin. <em>The Art and Architecture of India: Buddhist, Hindu [and] Jain</em>. [Baltimore]: Penguin Books, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: plate 155, p. 227", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dupont, Pierre. <em>La statuaire pre\u0301angkorienne</em>. Ascona, Suisse: Artibus Asiae, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 40-41; Reproduced: Plate V-A", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1973.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 61, no. 2, 1974, pp. 30\u201379.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30; Mentioned: no. 182, p. 31 and 79", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \u201cA Masterpiece of Early Cambodian Sculpture.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 61, no. 4, 1974, pp. 119\u2013127.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 117-127", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152522"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 316", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n336"}, {"citation": "Schwartzberg, Joseph E., and Shiva G. Bajpai. <em>A Historical Atlas of South Asia</em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. II.D.6 30. Mentioned: p. 185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya. <em>The Ideal Image: The Gupta Sculptural Tradition and Its Influence</em>. [New York]: Asia Society in association with J. Weatherhill, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \"The Case of the Buried Fragments.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Vol. 66, No. 7 (Oct., 1979), pp. 288-295.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 288-295; Reproduced: fig. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10A-D, and back cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159641"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265, fig. 328", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jessup, Helen Ibbitson, and Thierry Zephir. <em>Sculpture of Angkor and Ancient Cambodia: Millennium of Glory</em>. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, p. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 160-161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. \"The Cleveland Museum's Krsna Govardhana and the Early Phnom Da Style of Cambodian Sculpture,\" <em>Ars Orientalis supplement</em> [<em>Cha\u0304cha\u0304ji\u0304; Professor Walter M. Spink Felicitation Volume</em>]. 2000 supplement, pp. 127-135.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127, fig. 1; p. 128, fig. 3.", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 102, p. 92; Mentioned: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fontein, Jan. <em>Chinese works of art from the Stoclet collection: 25 March-5 April 2003 : exhibition in New York at PaceWildenstein</em>. London: Eskenazi, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lavy, Paul Andrew. V<em>is\u0323n\u0323u and Harihara in the Art and Politics of Early Historic Southeast Asia</em>. PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 228", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jessup, Helen Ibbitson. <em>Art &amp; Architecture of Cambodia</em>. New York: Thames &amp; Hudson Inc., 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28, fig. 21; Mentioned: pp. 28-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw, \"Great Acquisitions and Southeast Asian Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Orientations, An Issue in Honour of Sherman E. Lee</em> (Jan/Feb 2005), vol. 36, no. 1.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. \"A Quest for the Best: The Enduring Legacy of Sherman E. Lee,\" <em>Orientations</em> vol. 40, no. 5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dumoulin, Michel. <em>Les Stoclet: microcosme d'ambitions et de passions</em>. Bruxelles: Le Cri, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 316", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 64-65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guy, John, and Pierre Baptiste. <em>Lost Kingdoms: Hindu-Buddhist Sculpture of Early Southeast Asia</em>. New York, N.Y.: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 146-149, cat. no. 72; Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Narayanan, Vasudha. \u201cThe Hero at Play: Depictions of the Govardhana-Laia story in Khmer art.\u201d <em>Journal of Vaishnava Studies. </em>Vol. 23, no. 2 (Spring 2015), pp. 131-147.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134, 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Porte, Bertrand. \u201cSculptures Transform\u00e9es, Du Phnom Da Au N\u00fai Ba Th\u00ea.\u201d <em>Arts Asiatiques</em>, vol. 71, 2016, pp. 141\u2013158.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 13", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/26358217"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Revire, Nicholas. \u201cDvaravat\u0131 and Zhenla in the seventh to eighth centuries: A transregional ritual complex\" <em> Journal of Southeast Asian Studies</em>, 47(3), pp 393\u2013417.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum of Art Embarks on Radical Reconstruction of Cambodian Krishna Statue.\" <em>Western Association for Art Conservation. Newsletter.</em> 40:1 (January 2018): 28.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Michael D., and Damian Evans. <em>Angkor and the Khmer Civilization</em>. [New York, NY]: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96, fig. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bassoul, Aziz. <em>Splendour of Khmer Iconography: Ancient Cambodian Art of the 5th to the 13th Centuries in Major World Museums and Private Collections.</em> Beirut: Cedar of Lebanon Editions, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 120-121, no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Michael D. and Damian Evans. <em>Angkor and the Khmer Civilization</em>. New York: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: no. 26, pp. 96, 298", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie. \"Restorations and Reconstructions: Cambodian Art to and from Cleveland.\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> 48, no. 3 (May-June 2018): 57-67.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie. \u201cThe Cleveland Krishna.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61 no. 4 (Fall 2021).<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 5; Mentioned: P. 4-8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Edelstein, Beth. \u201cConserving Krishna.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 4 (Fall 2021): 9-10.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 9-10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alexander, Jane. \u201cA Virtual Polish for an Ancient Masterwork.\" C<em>leveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 4 (Fall 2021): 11-12.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 11-12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Bertrand Porte, Choulean ANG, Pierre Baptiste, CHEA Socheat, Thierry Ze\u0301phir, Christian Fischer, Beth Edelstein, Collen Snyder, and Amaris Sturm. <em>Revealing Krishna: Essays on the History, Context and Conservationof Krishna Lifting Mount Govardhan from Phnom Da</em>. Lewes, UK: D Giles Limited; Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, p. 14, p. 25, pl.6, p. 32, fig. 1, p. 35, fig. 2, p. 50, fig. 16, p. 51, fig. 17, p. 53, fig. 18, p. 60, fig. 20, p. 61, fig. 21, p. 72, fig. 31, pp. 82-83, figs. 39-40, p. 104, fig. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Krishna Govardhana: A Journey to Cambodia.\" <em>The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries</em> 26 November 2021.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://asianartnewspaper.com/krishna-govardhana-journey-to-cambodia/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.106.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106.b/1973.106.b_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "900", "filesize": "207738", "filename": "1973.106.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106.b/1973.106.b_print.jpg", "width": "2341", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2012671", "filename": "1973.106.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106.b/1973.106.b_full.tif", "width": "8941", "height": "12987", "filesize": "348379680", "filename": "1973.106.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106.b/1973.106.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "240409"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106.b/1973.106.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2263702"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.106.b/1973.106.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "14204", "filesize": "453932776"}, "date_created": "2021-02-10T15:56:34", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift from the Government of the Kingdom of Cambodia", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 454739, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2015-09-08T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 590, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 600", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1973.106", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Krishna  Govardhana"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 09:04:26.683000"}, {"id": 172388, "accession_number": "2015.10", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lime Dipper or Pin with Owl, 1\u2013800 CE. Isthmian Region (Colombia), Calima, Yotoco period. Gold, cast; overall: 22.4 x 2 x 1.6 cm (8 13/16 x 13/16 x 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2015.10", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Lime Dipper or Pin with Owl", "creation_date": "1\u2013800 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Isthmian Region (Colombia), Calima, Yotoco period"], "technique": "gold, cast", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 22.4 x 2 x 1.6 cm (8 13/16 x 13/16 x 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.224, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.02, "width_inch": 0, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.016, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "According to a dated invoice, the dealer John Wise (New York) sold the dipper to Christian de Guigne III (San Francisco) on January 9, 1969.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Chewing coca leaves remains popular among indigenous communities in the Andean region.", "description": "An engaging miniature owl forms the finial of this dipper, which was used during coca-chewing rituals. Typically, coca leaves were chewed into a quid; then, with a dipper, lime made from powdered seashells was added to the quid to enhance the leaves' gentle stimulating effects. Contemporary natives regard coca as crucial to creating both social camaraderie and communion with supernatural forces; the same may have been true in the past. ", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758397"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2015.10-lime-dipper-or-pin-w"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2015.10", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_web.jpg", "width": "562", "height": "900", "filesize": "57222", "filename": "2015.10_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_print.jpg", "width": "2123", "height": "3400", "filesize": "481766", "filename": "2015.10_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_full.tif", "width": "4735", "height": "7583", "filesize": "107742564", "filename": "2015.10_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "900", "filesize": "94131"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2710", "height": "3400", "filesize": "952818"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4782", "height": "6000", "filesize": "86103560"}, "date_created": "2015-05-01T13:11:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "740", "height": "900", "filesize": "73387"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2796", "height": "3400", "filesize": "759263"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4934", "height": "6000", "filesize": "88838912"}, "date_created": "2015-05-01T13:31:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "900", "filesize": "73103"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2506", "height": "3400", "filesize": "769601"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4423", "height": "6000", "filesize": "79640872"}, "date_created": "2015-05-01T13:57:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "900", "filesize": "98958"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2710", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1031875"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.10/2015.10_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4782", "height": "6000", "filesize": "86103644"}, "date_created": "2015-05-01T14:17:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 172388, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2015-04-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1\u2013800 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:09.143000"}, {"id": 172541, "accession_number": "2015.4", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Finial with Long-Beaked Bird, 400\u20131000. Isthmian Region (Colombia), Sin\u00fa (Zen\u00fa), 5th century-11th century. Gold, cast; overall: 11.1 x 4.3 x 9.5 cm (4 3/8 x 1 11/16 x 3 3/4 in.). 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This impressive finial features a dignified, long-beaked bird whose body contains a pellet that rattles when the finial moves. Sin\u00fa animal imagery is understudied but may relate to beliefs about the cosmos. For instance, contemporary natives attribute importance to birds because they have the capacity to move among different environments (air, land, water); they may have been regarded as mediators among levels of the cosmos.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759546"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2015.4-finial-with-long-bea"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2015.4", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_web.jpg", "width": "776", "height": "900", "filesize": "121998", "filename": "2015.4_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_print.jpg", "width": "2931", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1363278", "filename": "2015.4_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6961", "filesize": "125326372", "filename": "2015.4_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "797", "height": "900", "filesize": "114977"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3012", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1325108"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5679", "height": "6410", "filesize": "109235232"}, "date_created": "2015-04-27T13:37:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "656", "height": "900", "filesize": "84640"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2477", "height": "3400", "filesize": "779617"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4490", "height": "6162", "filesize": "83029352"}, "date_created": "2015-04-27T14:13:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "826", "height": "900", "filesize": "111687"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3119", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1170149"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5675", "height": "6186", "filesize": "105344632"}, "date_created": "2015-04-27T14:27:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "820", "height": "900", "filesize": "116449"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3099", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1319716"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2015.4/2015.4_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5830", "height": "6396", "filesize": "111894172"}, "date_created": "2015-04-27T14:42:49", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 172541, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2015-04-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u20131000", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:18.502000"}, {"id": 110239, "accession_number": "1928.860", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait Bust of a Man, 27 BCE\u201314 CE. Italy, Roman, Augustan period. Bronze; overall: 38.1 x 21.6 cm (15 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1928.860", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Portrait Bust of a Man", "creation_date": "27 BCE\u201314 CE", "creation_date_earliest": -27, "creation_date_latest": 14, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman, Augustan period"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 38.1 x 21.6 cm (15 x 8 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.381, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.216, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 516281, "title": "Master Bronzes from the Classical World", "description": "<i>Master Bronzes from the Classical World</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (December 4, 1967-January 23, 1968); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (March 1-April 13, 1968); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (May 8-June 30, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-12-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211710, "title": "The Fire of Hephaistos:  Large Classical Bronzes from North American Collections", "description": "<i>The Fire of Hephaistos:  Large Classical Bronzes from North American Collections</i>. Harvard Art Museums (organizer) (April 20-August 11, 1996); The Toledo Museum of Art (October 13, 1996-January 5, 1997); Tampa Museum of Art (February 2-April 13, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-04-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["46.1928"], "did_you_know": "This portrait originally had inlaid eyes, probably in stone, glass, or ivory.", "description": "The realistic features of this fine life-sized portrait include wrinkles in the forehead and beside each eye, and very naturalistic ears, protruding but not quite symmetrical. The stylized hair is neatly arranged and suggests a date in the Augustan period, although some scholars have seen it as late Republican. Likely once topping a shaft as a herm bust, the portrait\u2019s subject\u2014now unknown\u2014would have been identified by an inscription.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778224"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1928.860-portrait-bust-of-a-m"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Howard, Rossiter. \"Roman Portrait Head.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 15, no. 7 (1928): 147-53.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137138."}, {"citation": "Magoffin, R. V. D. <em>Magic Spades ; the Romance of Archaeology.</em> New York: Henry Holt, 1929.", "page_number": "P. 148.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margarete. \u201cRoman Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 32 (April 1944): 65\u201383.", "page_number": "Pp. 70-71, fig. 4.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n22"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16; reproduced: back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n19"}, {"citation": "Worcester Art Museum, and Michael Milkovich. <em>Roman Portraits: [a Loan Exhibition of Roman Sculpture and Coins from the First Century B.C. Through the Fourth Century A.D.,</em> by Michael Milkovich, April 6-May 14, 1961]. [Worchester, Mass.]: [Worchester Art Museum], 1961.", "page_number": "P. 18, cat. 5.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n48"}, {"citation": "Mitten, David Gordon, and Suzannah F. Doeringer. <em>Master Bronzes from the Classical World.</em> [Mainz on Rhine, W. Ger.]: [Printed by P. von Zabern], 1967.", "page_number": "Pp. 234-235, cat. 228.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n46"}, {"citation": "William Hayes Ackland Memorial Art Center, and T. Robert S. Broughton. <em>Ancient Portraits: A Show of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Sculptured Portraits in Honor of the Seventieth Birthday of T.R.S. Broughton</em> : Ackland Art Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, April 5-May 17, 1970. [Chapel Hill, N.C.]: [The Center], 1970.", "page_number": "Cat. 15.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n48"}, {"citation": "Balty, Jean Ch. \"M. Junius Brutus: Stoicisme et r\u00e9volte dans le portrait romain de la fin de la R\u00e9publique,\" <em>Bulletin de la classe de beaux-arts LXI </em>(1979): 194-220.", "page_number": "Pll. 4, 6.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vermeule, Cornelius C. <em>Greek and Roman Sculpture in America: Masterpieces in Public Collections in the United States and Canada.</em> Malibu, Calif: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.", "page_number": "Pp. 284-285, cat. 241.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n27"}, {"citation": "Mattusch, Carol C. <em>The Fire of Hephaistos: Large Classical Bronzes from North American Collections.</em> Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Art Museums, 1996.", "page_number": "Pp. 322-325, cat. 47.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lahusen, Go\u0308tz, and Edilberto Formigli. <em>Ro\u0308mische Bildnisse aus Bronze: Kunst und Technik. </em>Mu\u0308nchen: Nirmer Verlag, 2001.", "page_number": "Pp. 110-111, cat. 56.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16 - 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Daehner, Jens, and Kenneth D. S. Lapatin. <em>Power and Pathos: Bronze Sculpture of the Hellenistic World. </em>Firenze : Giunti, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 181, note 43", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1928.860", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_web.jpg", "width": "701", "height": "893", "filesize": "330162", "filename": "1928.860_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_print.jpg", "width": "2668", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5157806", "filename": "1928.860_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_full.tif", "width": "3925", "height": "5001", "filesize": "58922628", "filename": "1928.860_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "703", "height": "893", "filesize": "323037"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2677", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5297467"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3820", "height": "4852", "filesize": "55640412"}, "date_created": "2008-04-23T17:29:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "289213"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2406", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4822587"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3381", "height": "4777", "filesize": "48496908"}, "date_created": "2008-04-23T17:46:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "316651"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2697", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5160610"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.860/1928.860_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3866", "height": "4873", "filesize": "56559600"}, "date_created": "2008-04-23T17:59:36", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 110239, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1928-01-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -27, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "27 BCE\u201314 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait Bust of a Man"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:51:56.075000"}, {"id": 111806, "accession_number": "1930.328", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Foreigners and Non-Buddhists Drink, Dance, and Play Music, from a Buddhist Stupa Site, c. 100 CE. Pakistan, Gandhara, Buner area, early Kushan period. Schist; overall: 49.6 x 150.5 cm (19 1/2 x 59 1/4 in.); first section: 17.1 x 44.5 cm (6 3/4 x 17 1/2 in.); second section: 16.5 x 53 cm (6 1/2 x 20 7/8 in.); third section: 16 x 53 cm (6 5/16 x 20 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1930.328", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Foreigners and Non-Buddhists Drink, Dance, and Play Music, from a Buddhist Stupa Site", "creation_date": "c. 100 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 150, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Pakistan, Gandhara, Buner area, early Kushan period"], "technique": "schist", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Gandhara", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 49.6 x 150.5 cm (19 1/2 x 59 1/4 in.); First Section: 17.1 x 44.5 cm (6 3/4 x 17 1/2 in.); Second Section: 16.5 x 53 cm (6 1/2 x 20 7/8 in.); Third Section: 16 x 53 cm (6 5/16 x 20 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.496, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.505, "width_inch": 59, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "first section": {"height": 0.171, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.445, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "second section": {"height": 0.165, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.53, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "third section": {"height": 0.16, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.53, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355338, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2, 1945-February 4, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-10-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311956, "title": "India's Art", "description": "<i>India's Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 2, 1949-January 22, 1950).", "opening_date": "1949-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309889, "title": "Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India", "description": "<i>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, UK, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Wine cups made of silver were also used as Buddhist reliquaries in this region.", "description": "These three relief panels are from a group thought to have been used as ornamental stair risers at a Buddhist monument. They may have led up to a platform on which was established a stupa for veneration by followers of Buddhism.<br><br>Phrygians with their trousers, tunics, and conical caps play music, dance, and clap, while Greek figures drink and carry wine. Naked figures and those wearing flowing robes and unusual hairstyles may be representatives of non-Buddhist sects, such as Jainism or the now defunct Ajivika religion. Bacchanalian scenes involving the ethnic and religious \"other\" were carved on the lower portions of public monuments in this multicultural region through which many international travelers passed during this time of heightened trade with the Mediterranean world.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742121"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.328-bacchanalian-relief", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.328-foreigners-and-non-b"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard. C. \u201cIndian Sculpture.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 17, no. 10, 1930, pp. 190\u2013198.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 190\u2013193; Reproduced: p. 197", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137340"}, {"citation": "Stites, Raymond S. <em>The Arts and Man</em>. New York: Whittlesey House, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 416b, p. 501", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rowland, Benjamin. \u201cGandhara, Rome and Mathura: The Early Relief Style.\u201d <em>Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America</em>, vol. 10, 1956, pp. 8\u201317.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 1, p. 10", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20066979"}, {"citation": "Lyons, Islay, and Harald Ingholt. <em>Gandha\u0304ran Art in Pakistan</em>. [New York]: Pantheon Books, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 26, 160, pl. IV, no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 740", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n134"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n252"}, {"citation": "Rosenfield, John M. <em>The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 228", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n252"}, {"citation": "Fabri, Charles Louis. <em>Discovering Indian Sculpture: A Brief History</em>. New Delhi: Affiliated East-West Press, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45; Reproduced: pl. 19, p. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 287", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n307"}, {"citation": "Goldman, Bernard. \u201cParthians at Gandh\u0101ra.\u201d <em>East and West</em>, vol. 28, no. 1/4, 1978, pp. 189\u2013202.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, between pp. 200\u2013201", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/29756456"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 335, figs. 14\u201315", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 6 (October 1985): 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 335, figs. 14-15", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris. <em>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 172\u2013174; Reproduced:  cat. no. 87, p. 173", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n31"}, {"citation": "Masselos, Jim, Jackie Menzies, Pratapaditya Pal, and Reis Wenger Flora. <em>Dancing to the Flute: Music and Dance in Indian Art</em>. Sydney, Australia: Art Gallery of New South Wales, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 50a, p. 107", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kurita, Isao \u6817\u7530\u529f. <em>Gandha\u0304ran art </em>[\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0-\u30e9\u7f8e\u8853 = Ganda\u0304ra bijutsu]. Vol. 2. The world of the Buddha [\u4f5b\u9640\u306e\u4e16\u754c = Budda no sekai] To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nigensha, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 186, figs. 534 and 535", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stewart, Peter. \u201cThe Gandhara Connection: Rome and the Art of Asia.\" <em>Antiqvvs</em> 2, i. 1 (January 2020): 33\u201339.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.328", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_web.jpg", "width": "787", "height": "900", "filesize": "330648", "filename": "1930.328_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_print.jpg", "width": "2972", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2946987", "filename": "1930.328_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_full.tif", "width": "4371", "height": "5000", "filesize": "65592900", "filename": "1930.328_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "787", "height": "900", "filesize": "246511"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2972", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2529214"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4371", "height": "5000", "filesize": "65592848"}, "date_created": "2015-01-29T17:56:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "781", "height": "893", "filesize": "538075"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2972", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6937887"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4371", "height": "5000", "filesize": "65598820"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "781", "height": "893", "filesize": "538075"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2972", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6937887"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328/1930.328_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4371", "height": "5000", "filesize": "65598820"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111806, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 100 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Stair Riser Relief", "Bacchanalian Relief"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:57:29.529000"}, {"id": 149769, "accession_number": "1979.81", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Susanna Anderson Rose, 1862. Frederick Sandys (British, 1829\u20131904). Oil on wood; framed: 54 x 47 x 4.5 cm (21 1/4 x 18 1/2 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 34.7 x 28 cm (13 11/16 x 11 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1979.81", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "Susanna Anderson Rose", "creation_date": "1862", "creation_date_earliest": 1862, "creation_date_latest": 1862, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 54 x 47 x 4.5 cm (21 1/4 x 18 1/2 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 34.7 x 28 cm (13 11/16 x 11 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.54, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.47, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.347, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.28, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: 1862/fas [monogram in shield]\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1979</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Annual Exhibition.</em> Royal Academy, London, United Kingdom (1863).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The sitter, Mrs. Susanna Rose [1795-1870]   London, England, by descent to her son, Col. Sir William Anderson Rose", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Col. Sir William Anderson Rose [1820-1881] London, England, by descent to his granddaughter, Adria Rose Oxley", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "His granddaughter, Adria Rose Oxley of Kilravock Castle. Her husband, Lt. Col. M. S. Oxley. Their daughter, Valerie Oxley of Tidworth, Hampshire.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Their daughter, Valerie Oxley of Tidworth, Hampshire. London sale, Christie's, 2 February 1979 (lot 82, repr.), Portrait of Mrs. Susanna Rose, aged 67 years, for \u00a37,000.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Fischer Fine Art, Ltd., London, United Kingdom, 1979, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1979", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1979-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Pre-Raphaelite movement revised elements of old art forms and this painting has all the qualities of a carefully executed Renaissance painting; decorative fabric, a window, and a coat of arms. Gallery 204, our Colonial American gallery, also has a portrait that includes these elements.", "description": "This keenly perceptive portrait of Susanna Anderson Rose (1795\u20131870) was painted when the sitter was 67 years old. The fine network of lines on her face are meticulously observed as are her silver gray curls and pale blue eyes. Frederick Sandys\u2019s ability to render detail is evident in the subject\u2019s bonnet, elaborately trimmed with lace and azure ribbon, and the texture of her brown fur cloak.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474304"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.81-portrait-of-susanna", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.81-susanna-anderson-ros"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The Royal Academy.\" <em>The Art-Journal </em>2 (June 1, 1863): 105-116.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Royal Academy 101st Exhibition.\" <em>The Art-Journal </em>8 (July 1, 1869): 197-204.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gray, J. M. \"Frederick Sandys.\" <em>The Art-Journal </em>8 (1884): 73-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 77-78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wood, Esther. <em>A Consideration of the Art of Frederick Sandys</em>. Westminster London, United Kingdom: Archibald Constable and Co, 1896.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bate, Percy H. \"The Late Frederick Sandys: A Retrospect.\" <em>The Studio </em>33 (October 1904): 3-17.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ross, Robert. \"Frederick Sandys.\" In <em>The Dictionary of National Biography. </em>Weaver, J. R. H, and H. W. C Davis, eds., 263-265.London: Oxford University Press, 1920.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. 1, P. 264", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chamberlain, Arthur B. \"Works by Frederick Sandys in the Birmingham Art Gallery.\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>2 (November 1925): 258-263..", "page_number": "Mentioned:P. 269", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crombie, Theodore. \"Some Portraits by Frederick Sandys.\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>82 (November 1965): 398-400..", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 400", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maas, Jeremy. <em>Victorian Painters</em>. London, United Kingdom: Barrie &amp; Rockliff, the Cresset P., 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 217", "url": null}, {"citation": "O'Looney, Betty. <em>Frederick Sandys, 1829-1904</em>. Brighton, United Kingdom: Brighton Museum and Art Gallery, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art LXVII</em>, no. 3 (March, 1980):58-99.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61, p. 97, no. 90; Reproduced: p. 75, no. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"A Victorian Portrait by Frederick Sandys.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 10 (1980): 299-309.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, P. 299", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159700."}, {"citation": "<em>Fischer Fine Art Limited, London: 1972-1982</em>. London, United Kingdom: Fischer Fine Art Limited, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 213", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elzea, Betty. \"Anthony Frederick Augustus Sandys.\" In <em>The Dictionary of Art.</em> J.S. Turner, ed., 726-727. New York: Grove, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. 27, P. 726", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Foud; European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elzea, Betty.. <em>Frederick Sandys, 1829-1904: A Catalogue Raisonne\u0301</em>. Woodbridge, Suffolk, United Kingdom: Antique Collectors' Club in association with Norfolk Museums &amp; Archaeology Service, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 164-165; Reproduced: color plate 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elzea, Betty. <em>A Singular Man: A Documented Life of the Artist Frederick Sandys, 1829-1904.</em> London: Unicorn Press, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 68-69", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.81", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.81/1979.81_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "446690", "filename": "1979.81_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.81/1979.81_print.jpg", "width": "2704", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6244882", "filename": "1979.81_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.81/1979.81_full.tif", "width": "4269", "height": "5368", "filesize": "68788948", "filename": "1979.81_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 149769, "creators": [{"id": 2780, "description": "Frederick Sandys (British, 1829\u20131904)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Frederick Sandys received his initial training from his father, a minor Norwich artist. Encouraged by Rev. James Bulwer (1820-1899), a pupil and patron of John Sell Cotman (1782-1842), he attended the Norwich School of Design from 1846. When he arrived in London five years later, he was already a skilled illustrator. Through a family connection, Sandys was introduced to George Richmond (1809-1896), one of the century's most accomplished portraitists. From Richmond he acquired the skills and taste for life-size chalk portraits. Portraiture would remain his principal means of support for the rest of his career, although for a brief period in the 1860s he practiced oil painting and designed what were arguably many of the finest book illustrations of the Victorian era, including his celebrated illustration to Christina Rossetti's poem Amor Mundi (1865). In 1857 John Everett Millais (1829-1896) had exhibited at the Royal Academy a troubadour painting, Sir Isumbras at the Ford (Lady Lever Art Gallery, Port Sunlight), of which Sandys produced a brilliant engraved parody, substituting for the figures in the picture caricatures of the founding members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood-Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-1882), and Hunt (q.v.)-and a braying ass, identified as John Ruskin, for Sir Isumbras's charger. This had the unexpected result of solidifying Sandys's friendship with Rossetti, with whom he later resided in Chelsea in 1866-67. Under Rossetti's influence Sandys painted his most important subject picture, Medea (Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery), which was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1869. During that year Rossetti accused Sandys of plagiarism, thus precipitating a permanent breach in their relationship. Sandys soon after abandoned oil painting to concentrate on chalk portraits and drawings of idealized female figures, the choicest of which were derived from the features of his common-law wife, Mary Jones. Rossetti is generally credited with directing Sandys toward such Aestheticism, but Leighton's (q.v.) resplendent series of pseudonymous portraits of his model Nanna Risi, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1858-59, offered an equally inspiring precedent devoid of the symbolic mysticism of Rossetti's femmes fatales.1\r\n1. See, for example, the pictures titled Pavonia reproduced in Stephen Jones et al., Frederick Leighton, exh. cat., London, Royal Academy of Arts (1996), 112-13. In both pictures the exquisitely painted head and shoulders of the sitters are set against backdrops of decorative vegetation and peacock tail-feathers. Sandys resorted to this format repeatedly in his works of the late 1860s and 1870s.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1829", "death_year": "1904", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-11-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1862, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1862", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mrs. Susanna Rose"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:43:26.468000"}, {"id": 124256, "accession_number": "1945.25", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lion on the Watch, c. 1885. Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me (French, 1824\u20131904). Oil on wood panel; framed: 105 x 133 x 13.5 cm (41 5/16 x 52 3/8 x 5 5/16 in.); unframed: 72.3 x 100.5 cm (28 7/16 x 39 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. F. W. Gehring in memory of her husband, F. W. Gehring, 1945.25", "current_location": null, "title": "Lion on the Watch", "creation_date": "c. 1885", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1890, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 105 x 133 x 13.5 cm (41 5/16 x 52 3/8 x 5 5/16 in.); Unframed: 72.3 x 100.5 cm (28 7/16 x 39 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.05, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.33, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.135, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.723, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.005, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: j. l. gerome\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300853, "title": "Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter", "description": "<i>Baron Gros, Painter of Battles: The First Romantic Painter</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 8-April 15, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444952, "title": "Jean-Leon Gerome (1824 - 1904)", "description": "<i>Jean-Leon Gerome (1824 - 1904)</i>. Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, OH (organizer) (November 10-December 31, 1972); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (January 26-March 11, 1973); Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, MD (April 6-May 20, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-11-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310015, "title": "Animals as Romantic Icons in French Art", "description": "<i>Animals as Romantic Icons in French Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 6-July 27, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-04-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 220660, "title": "Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me", "description": "<i>Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (June 15-September 12, 2010); Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris, France (organizer) (October 18, 2010-January 23, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-06-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Dayton Art Institute; Minneapolis Institute of Arts; Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery. Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me 1824-1904 (1972-73), no. 35 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1904-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles (6/15/2010 - 9/12/2010) and Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris (10/18/2010 - 1/23/2011):  \"Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me\"", "opening_date": "2010-06-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frederick Gehring, Cleveland. Given to the CMA in 1945.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, sold to Frederick Gehring in 1904)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "In addition to his fascination with the classical past, G\u00e9r\u00f4me was one of the leading painters of \"orientalist\" subjects-exotic and romantic themes inspired by Napoleonic adventures abroad, romantic literature, and European colonialism. From 1855, G\u00e9r\u00f4me travelled regularly in Turkey, Egypt, and Asia Minor. Long fascinated by African animals, he sketched lions in the Paris zoo as a student and later hunted them on safari in North Africa.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515151"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.25-lion-on-the-watch"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"'Lion on the Watch,' by Jean L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>33, no. 4 (April 1946): 47-48", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48; Reproduced: p. 51", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141274"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 293-295, Vol. I, no. 105", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ackerman, Gerald M. <em>Jean-Le\u0301on Ge\u0301ro\u0302me: monographie re\u0301vise\u0301e, catalogue raisonne\u0301 mis a\u0300 jour</em>. Courbevoie: ACR, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 372-373, cat. 529", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.25", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.25/1945.25_web.jpg", "width": "1245", "height": "893", "filesize": "703311", "filename": "1945.25_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.25/1945.25_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2439", "filesize": "5052714", "filename": "1945.25_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.25/1945.25_full.tif", "width": "5904", "height": "4236", "filesize": "75060664", "filename": "1945.25_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. F. W. Gehring in memory of her husband, F. W. Gehring", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124256, "creators": [{"id": 1694, "description": "Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me (French, 1824\u20131904)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born in Vesoul near the Swiss border, Jean-L\u00e9on G\u00e9r\u00f4me grew up in comfort. His goldsmith father approved of his decision to become an artist and supported his study in Paris with Delaroche (q.v.) during the early 1840s. Delaroche's interest in historical reconstruction, precise detail, and smooth picture surface had a significant effect on the young student. After failing to win the Prix de Rome in 1846, which his father pressured him to enter, G\u00e9r\u00f4me decided to make his name at the Salons. His debut there in 1847 with A Cock Fight (Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris) was a huge success and brought him and his fellow neo-Grecs, as they were called, much attention. Several important commissions and purchases followed, including church decoration and the huge historical picture The Age of Augustus (Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris) that emulated the kind of classicizing panorama of Delaroche in the hemicycle for the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. G\u00e9r\u00f4me also studied briefly with Charles Gleyre (1808-1874) after Delaroche closed his studio in 1842. Gleyre's travel and sketches from the Near and Middle East may also have played a critical role in introducing the young artist to another major interest of his career, orientalist subject matter. With the twenty thousand francs paid for The Age of Augustus, the artist treated himself to a trip to Constantinople with his actor-friend Edmond Got. Further travels to the Middle East followed, and G\u00e9r\u00f4me exhibited his first Egyptian themes in the 1857 Salon. \r\nIn the 1878 Universal Exposition in Paris, he exhibited his first attempts at sculpture, which corresponded closely with his painted works, first following their themes, then serving as models for his canvases, especially the Pygmalion pictures. During the 1880s he was, like several other artists, drawn to incorporate polychromy and various precious and semi-precious materials into his sculpture; this was known to be a widespread practice among ancient sculptors, and it heightened the illusion of lifelikeness as well as the decorative aspect of these works. \r\nAlthough he had not succeeded at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, G\u00e9r\u00f4me received one of three prestigious professorships in 1863 following the somewhat controversial reforms of the fine arts institutions in Paris. His official rather than academic achievements made him a good candidate to lead the new generation of French painters out of the decadence into which many believed French art had fallen. He taught hundreds of students in his atelier at the \u00c9cole as well as at his independent studio and had an especially strong impact on his American students, such as Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) and Frederick Arthur Bridgman (1847-1928). Although the majority of G\u00e9r\u00f4me's students remember him as an exacting but fair master, he showed intractable resistance to the new modes of impressionism and symbolism and campaigned against the acceptance of Gustave Caillebotte's (1843-1893) bequest of such art to the French state. \r\nIn 1863 G\u00e9r\u00f4me married Marie Goupil, the daughter of well-known international art dealer Adolphe Goupil, who became the exclusive representative of his work. Goupil not only sold his son-in-law's pictures through his branches in Europe and New York, but he also disseminated their reputation through photographic reproductions.1 G\u00e9r\u00f4me received all the highest honors awarded to nineteenth-century artists and achieved considerable financial success.\r\n1. See Linda Whiteley, \"Goupil, (Jean-Michel-) Adolphe,\" Dictionary of Art (London, 1996), 13:228; and Mus\u00e9e Goupil, Conservatoire de L'image Industrielle Bordeaux, \u00c9tat des lieux 1 (Bordeaux, 1994), esp. 9-36.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1824", "death_year": "1904", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1945-02-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1885", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:24:26.690000"}, {"id": 108312, "accession_number": "1925.943", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait Bust of the Empress Claudia Octavia, 50\u201370 CE. Italy, Roman. Marble; overall: 38.2 cm (15 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1925.943", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Portrait Bust of the Empress Claudia Octavia", "creation_date": "50\u201370 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 99, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 38.2 cm (15 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.382, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518716, "title": "Roman Portrait Sculpture", "description": "<i>Roman Portrait Sculpture</i>. Worcester Art Museum, Worcester, MA (organizer) (April 6-May 15, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 205351, "title": "I Claudia, Women in Ancient Rome", "description": "<i>I Claudia, Women in Ancient Rome</i>. Yale University Art Gallery (organizer) (September 6-December 1, 1996); San Antonio Museum of Art (December 20, 1996-March 2, 1997); North Carolina Museum of Art (April 6-June 15, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-09-06T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Roman Portraits</em>, The Worcester Art Museum, MA (April 6-May 15, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-04-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art of the <em>Seaway Nations</em>, Community Room of the East Ohio Gas Company, Cleveland, OH (Week of April 20, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Bruno Tartaglia, Rome, Italy, through Harold Parsons, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1925", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1925-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The complex coiffure includes four elements: parted waves (top), tight curls (sides), hanging ringlets (shoulders, back), and a braided knot (back).", "description": "This portrait bust depicts a young woman whose idealized features and elaborate hairstyle may identify her as the empress Claudia Octavia (r. AD 54-62), unfortunate first wife of the notorious emperor Nero. Over her tunic she wears a <em>stola</em>, a long garment hanging from both shoulders and distinguishing her as a married, upper-class woman. Although beloved by the Roman citizenry and described by the historian Tacitus as \u201caristocratic and virtuous,\u201d Octavia was eventually divorced and banished by Nero, then ordered put to death.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741539"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.943-portrait-bust-of-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Howard, Rossiter. \"Two Roman Portraits.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 13, no. 1 (1926): 8-13.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Howard, Rossiter. \"Roman Portrait Head.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 15, no. 7 (1928): 147-53.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 148.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margarete. \u201cRoman Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 32 (April 1944): 65\u201383.", "page_number": "Ill. fig. 7 (p. 72), discussed p. 74.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Art of the Seaway Nations</em>. [Cleveland]: [East Ohio Gas Co.], 1959.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Worcester Art Museum, and Michael Milkovich.<em> Roman Portraits: [a Loan Exhibition of Roman Sculpture and Coins from the First Century B.C. Through the Fourth Century A.D.</em>, by Michael Milkovich, April 6-May 14, 1961]. [Worchester, Mass.]: [Worchester Art Museum], 1961.", "page_number": "no. 11, pp/ 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kleiner, Diana E. E., and Susan B. Matheson. <em>I, Claudia: Women in Ancient Rome.</em> New Haven, Conn: Yale University Art Gallery, 1996. Reproduced: p. 168. #123; Mention: pp. 168-169", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Vermeule, Cornelius C. <em>Art and Archaeology of Antiquity</em>. London: Pindar Press, 2001.", "page_number": "pp. 30-31", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.943", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_web.jpg", "width": "651", "height": "893", "filesize": "319549", "filename": "1925.943_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_print.jpg", "width": "2479", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4559469", "filename": "1925.943_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_full.tif", "width": "4471", "height": "6133", "filesize": "82292744", "filename": "1925.943_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "893", "filesize": "306708"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2424", "height": "3400", "filesize": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3072", "height": "3998", "filesize": "36861740"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "692", "height": "893", "filesize": "353015"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "2634", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4480328"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_alt7_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_alt8_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "893", "filesize": "381520"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2640", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4282284"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.943/1925.943_alt8_full.tif", "width": "3072", "height": "3956", "filesize": "36474500"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "9b2fbfe552ac4107a3623e19c1ddb4e4", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/9b2fbfe552ac4107a3623e19c1ddb4e4", "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 108312, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-10-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "50\u201370 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:36.368000"}, {"id": 110057, "accession_number": "1928.659", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mirror Support: Athlete, 460\u2013450 BCE. South Italy, Locri (?), Greek. Bronze; overall: 22.5 cm (8 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1928.659", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Mirror Support: Athlete", "creation_date": "460\u2013450 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -460, "creation_date_latest": -450, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South Italy, Locri (?), Greek"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 22.5 cm (8 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.225, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300838, "title": "Stamps: Art in Miniature", "description": "<i>Stamps: Art in Miniature</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11, 1955-May 12, 2017).", "opening_date": "1955-03-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309838, "title": "Mirrors: Art and Symbol", "description": "<i>Mirrors: Art and Symbol</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 3-November 18, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-07-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177737, "title": "Games for the Gods: The Greek Athlete", "description": "<i>Games for the Gods: The Greek Athlete</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (July 20-November 28, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-07-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (7/20/2004 - 11/28/2004):  \"Games for the Gods: The Greek Athlete\"", "opening_date": "2004-07-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Most Greek mirror stands depict female figures, but this one depicts a male.", "description": "A muscular nude youth strides forward on a square metal plate with his arms outstretched. The plate and the volute decoration that adorns his head suggest that this statuette was the support for a mirror. The youth is likely an athlete, as he holds an <em>alabastron</em> or oil vessel in his right hand. The oil may be an offering to the gods for victory, or to rub onto the skin to protect and beautify his body before an athletic contest. The mirror was made separately and would have been attached to the triangular tang above the athlete\u2019s head.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752860"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1928.659-athlete", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1928.659-mirror-support-athle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bieber, Margaret. \"Greek Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Art in America.</em> (July, 1943).", "page_number": "p. 119, illust.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wunderlich, Silvia. \"A Bronze Patera Handle.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 7 (September 1947): 164-166.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 164", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141387"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n45"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n43"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Thomas, Renate. <em>Athletenstatuetten der Spatarchaik und des Strengen Stils. </em>Rome: Giorgio Bretschneider, 1981.", "page_number": "pp. 83, Plates XL-XLII", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Herrmann, John J., and Christine Kondoleon. <em>Games for the Gods: The Greek Athlete and the Olympic Spirit. </em>Boston, Mass: MFA Publications, a division of the Museum of Fine Arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 184; Reproduced: p.133, no. 104", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1928.659", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_web.jpg", "width": "566", "height": "893", "filesize": "246924", "filename": "1928.659_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_print.jpg", "width": "2154", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4010354", "filename": "1928.659_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_full.tif", "width": "3168", "height": "5000", "filesize": "47540292", "filename": "1928.659_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "527", "height": "893", "filesize": "201284"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2005", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3390249"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2948", "height": "5000", "filesize": "44238744"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "495", "height": "893", "filesize": "193537"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1883", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3215721"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2769", "height": "5000", "filesize": "41553908"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "562", "height": "893", "filesize": "254329"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2139", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4063795"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1928.659/1928.659_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3146", "height": "5000", "filesize": "47210676"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 110057, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1928-11-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -460, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "460\u2013450 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:51:41.494000"}, {"id": 142748, "accession_number": "1966.454", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Miniature Chair, 1896\u20131906. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Gold, silver gilt, enamel, rubies, diamonds; overall: 10.5 x 5.3 x 4.8 cm (4 1/8 x 2 1/16 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.454", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Miniature Chair", "creation_date": "1896\u20131906", "creation_date_earliest": 1896, "creation_date_latest": 1906, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "gold, silver gilt, enamel, rubies, diamonds", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 10.5 x 5.3 x 4.8 cm (4 1/8 x 2 1/16 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.105, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.053, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.048, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "56, Kokoshnik; tester's initials in Cyrillic; 84, Kokoshnik, tester's initials in Cyrillic; \u041a.\u0424\u0410\u0411\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0415 [C. Faberg\u00e9]; Kokoshnik; double-headed eagle; \u041a.\u0424. [C.F.]; 25196 scratched.", "inscription_translation": "\u041a \u0424\u0410\u0411\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0415 (C. Faberg\u00e9)\n\u041a.\u0424. (C.F.)", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443609, "title": "Faberge 1846 - 1920", "description": "<i>Faberge 1846 - 1920</i>. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (June 23-October 23, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This miniature chair has a clever mechanism that allows the seat cushion to slide forward and upward slightly so that it can be opened to reveal a compartment, probably used to hold stamps on a desk.", "description": "The giving of small precious objects as intimate gifts between family members within the imperial court was spurred by the House of Faberg\u00e9's seemingly endless supply of bejeweled utilitarian objects decorated as expensively as possible, such as this stamp holder disguised as an exquisite miniature chair in the Louis XVI taste of the late 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750282"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.454-miniature-chair"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 114-5, cat. 54.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "\u201cBack Matter.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 3 (March 1967): 89.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152147"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30; p. 42, cat. 15; reproduced:  p. 42.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H., \"Some Faberge Sources\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 37 no. 04, April 1997", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1997-04/page/6"}, {"citation": "Tillander-Godenhielm, Ulla. <em>Golden Years of Faberge\u0301: Drawings and Objects from the Wigstro\u0308m Workshop</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: A La Vieille Russie, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/43979547"}, {"citation": "Tillander-Godenhielm, Ulla, and Peter Carl Faberge\u0301. <em>Faberge\u0301: ja ha\u0308nen suomalaiset mestarinsa</em>. Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtio\u0308 Tammi, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/317629230"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 199, cat. 75.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.454", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.454/1966.454_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "227061", "filename": "1966.454_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.454/1966.454_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3438678", "filename": "1966.454_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.454/1966.454_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5500", "filesize": "67977276", "filename": "1966.454_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.454/1966.454_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "410503"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.454/1966.454_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "3418463"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.454/1966.454_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4496", "height": "3474", "filesize": "46888400"}, "date_created": "2007-12-28T18:33:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142748, "creators": [{"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1896, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1896\u20131906", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:05.190000"}, {"id": 150464, "accession_number": "1981.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Jar with Four Auspicious Characters in Relief (\ubc31\uc790 \uc591\uac01 \uc8fc\ub984\u00b7\ubb38\uc790\ubb34\ub2ac \ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u967d\u523b\u5e36\u6587\u5b57\u6587\u58fa]), 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Glazed porcelain; outer diameter: 22.1 cm (8 11/16 in.); height: 19.4 cm (7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1981.3", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Jar with Four Auspicious Characters in Relief", "title_in_original_language": "\ubc31\uc790 \uc591\uac01 \uc8fc\ub984\u00b7\ubb38\uc790\ubb34\ub2ac \ud638 [\u767d\u78c1\u967d\u523b\u5e36\u6587\u5b57\u6587\u58fa]", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "glazed porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Outer diameter: 22.1 cm (8 11/16 in.); height: 19.4 cm (7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.116, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "height": {"height": 0.194, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "outer diameter": {"width": 0.221, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.117, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "longevity \u58fd, happiness \u798f, health \u5eb7, and peace \u5be7", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304599, "title": "The Year in Review for 1981", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1981</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "<i>Scholar's Studio</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 230955, "title": "Korean Art from the United States", "description": "<i>Korean Art from the United States</i>. National Museum of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) (organizer) (June 4-August 5, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-06-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 337978, "title": "Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "<i>Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 24, 2019-January 26, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 695133, "title": "Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art", "description": "<i>Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10, 2026-April 25, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kochukyo Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131981", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1981\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This type of jar with auspicious characters was often used as a birthday or wedding gift.", "description": "This white porcelain vase is decorated with four Chinese characters symbolizing auspicious (hopeful) wishes\u2014longevity, good fortune, health, and peace\u2014each within a floral medallion. Such jars were often presented as birthday or wedding gifts, conveying the giver\u2019s blessings for a long and harmonious life. <br><br>This object was purchased in 1981 from Kochukyo (\u58fa\u4e2d\u5c45), an antique gallery founded in 1924 in Tokyo, Japan. Many important Korean works remain in Japanese private collections, after being taken there during the Japanese colonial period (1910\u201345). Consequently, Japanese antique galleries continue to handle Korean antiquities, serving as significant channels for their circulation today.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79932937"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1981.3-jar-with-four-auspic"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 139, no. 143", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1981.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 2 (February 1982): 39\u201382.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76; Mentioned: p. 83, no. 137", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159758"}, {"citation": "Bang, Byung-sun. \"The Technology of Porcelain Manufacturing in the late Chos\u014fn Dynasty [\u671d\u9bae \u5f8c\u671f \u767d\u78c1\uc758 \u88fd\u4f5c\u6280\u8853 \u784f\u7a76].\" <em>Misul sahak yeongu </em>(1997): 67\u2013104.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00995382"}, {"citation": "Kang, Kyeong-sook. <em>History of Korean Ceramics</em> [\u97d3\u570b\u9676\u78c1\u53f2]. Seoul: Yekyong, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Soo-mi and Park Hyewon, eds. <em>Korean Art from the United States</em> [\ubbf8\uad6d, \ud55c\uad6d\ubbf8\uc220\uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\ub2e4]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 73, p. 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 90", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1981.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.3/1981.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "798", "filesize": "112436", "filename": "1981.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.3/1981.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3014", "filesize": "1078797", "filename": "1981.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.3/1981.3_full.tif", "width": "11729", "height": "10399", "filesize": "365936996", "filename": "1981.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.3/1981.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "795", "filesize": "114238"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.3/1981.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": 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"2985", "filesize": "742968"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1981.3/1981.3_alt10_full.tif", "width": "4921", "height": "4321", "filesize": "63818372"}, "date_created": "2012-04-24T17:15:20", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150464, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1981-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The porcelain vessel showed dark staining in areas around the lower half that partially obscured the characters on the four sides. The surface of the jar was first cleaned using cotton swabs and a chelating solution with a tailored pH level to safely remove grime along the edges and crevices. This solution was also used to treat the staining. First, conservators placed a poultice of cellulose fiber on the porcelain and saturated the material with the solution. The jar was then wrapped and left overnight so that the cleaning agent could reduce the stains between the cracks in the glaze. The surface was then thoroughly cleaned with deionized water. Finally, a tailored bleaching solution was applied in a similar poultice to reduce the remaining discoloration.", "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.611000"}, {"id": 153683, "accession_number": "1987.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hercules, c. 30 BCE\u201320 CE. Italy, Rome, Early Imperial period. Bronze with silver and copper inlays; overall: 14.5 x 8 cm (5 11/16 x 3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1987.2", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Hercules", "creation_date": "c. 30 BCE\u201320 CE", "creation_date_earliest": -35, "creation_date_latest": 25, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Rome, Early Imperial period"], "technique": "bronze with silver and copper inlays", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 14.5 x 8 cm (5 11/16 x 3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.145, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.08, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1987</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 288386, "title": "Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art", "description": "<i>Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-December 31, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-08-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Basel Antiques Fair, Basel, Switzerland (April 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Herakles, Passage of the Hero</em>, Bard College, NY (Spring 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Gods Delight: The Human Figure in Classical Bronze</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1988-January 8, 1989)", "opening_date": "1988-11-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private Collection, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Robert Haber & Associates, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1987", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1987-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hercules is the Roman name for the classical hero known in Greek as Herakles.", "description": "This bronze statuette is a nude figure of the hero Hercules. He stands in a contrapposto pose, with the majority of his weight on one leg. Over his left arm, Hercules holds the skin of the Nemean Lion, having slayed the beast as part of his Twelve Labors and now carrying the pelt as a trophy. Although now mostly lost, Hercules once held his signature wooden club in his right hand. Roman artists often portrayed Hercules as middle-aged, as though greater maturity would increase his power and virility.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759620"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.2-hercules"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., David Gordon Mitten, et al. <em>The Gods Delight: The Human Figure in Classical Bronze</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 323-326, cat. 61 (J.J. Herrmann, Jr.).", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Poster and Invitation</em>, Basel Fair, 1985.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Warner, Marina \"Antiques: Gods and Goddesses\", <em>Architectural Digest</em>, Vol. 43 (October 1986).", "page_number": "p. 208", "url": null}, {"citation": "Uhlenbrock, Jaimee Pugliese, and Karl Galinsky.<em> Herakles: Passage of the Hero Through 1000 Years of Classical Art</em>. New Rochelle, N.Y.: A.D. Caratzas, 1986.", "page_number": "frontispiece", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1987.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 2 (February 1988): 30\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30; Mentioned: p. 65, no. 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160017"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n27"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cHercle in Cleveland.\u201d <em>Cleveland Studies in the History of Art</em> 3 (1998): 6\u201321.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/20079696"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.2/1987.2_web.jpg", "width": "733", "height": "900", "filesize": "216756", "filename": "1987.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.2/1987.2_print.jpg", "width": "2769", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1791294", "filename": "1987.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.2/1987.2_full.tif", "width": "7768", "height": "9537", "filesize": "88800644", "filename": "1987.2_full.tif"}}, 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"annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "0fd4f91f65c84953a29d6b8beb496cab", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/0fd4f91f65c84953a29d6b8beb496cab", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153683, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-02-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -35, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 30 BCE\u201320 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:28.927000"}, {"id": 124040, "accession_number": "1944.524", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Brierwood Pipe, 1864. Winslow Homer (American, 1836\u20131910). Oil on canvas; framed: 68.9 x 64.1 x 9.2 cm (27 1/8 x 25 1/4 x 3 5/8 in.); unframed: 42.8 x 37.5 cm (16 7/8 x 14 3/4 in.); former: 69 x 64 x 8 cm (27 3/16 x 25 3/16 x 3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1944.524", "current_location": null, "title": "The Brierwood Pipe", "creation_date": "1864", "creation_date_earliest": 1864, "creation_date_latest": 1864, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 68.9 x 64.1 x 9.2 cm (27 1/8 x 25 1/4 x 3 5/8 in.); Unframed: 42.8 x 37.5 cm (16 7/8 x 14 3/4 in.); Former: 69 x 64 x 8 cm (27 3/16 x 25 3/16 x 3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.689, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.641, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.092, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.428, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.375, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "former": {"height": 0.69, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.64, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower left:  Homer 64", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355428, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Atmospheric Depth in Painting", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Atmospheric Depth in Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 31, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518720, "title": "The Civil War: The Artists' Record", "description": "<i>The Civil War: The Artists' Record</i>. Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (November 18-December 31, 1961); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (February 1-March 4, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-11-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304725, "title": "Winslow Homer: Portrait of America", "description": "<i>Winslow Homer: Portrait of America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 10, 1965-May 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361410, "title": "Winslow Homer", "description": "<i>Winslow Homer</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 15, 1995-January 28, 1996); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (February 21-May 26, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211500, "title": "The Civil War and American Art", "description": "<i>The Civil War and American Art</i>. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC (organizer) (November 16, 2012-April 27, 2013); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (May 21-September 2, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-11-16T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, Dodworth's Studio Building, Fourth Artists' Reception (before 25 March 1864); see Winslow Homer: The Paintings of the Civil War p. 21.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New York, National Academy of Design, Thirty-ninth Annual Exhibition (April, 1864), no. 140, listed p. 451.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Worcester, Worcester Art Museum, Winslow Homer (16 November-17 December 1944), no. 2.", "opening_date": "1944-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Oxford, OH, Miami University, Sesquicentennial Celebration (15 May-15 June 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-05-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., The Corcoran Gallery of Art, The Civil War: The Artists' Record (18 November-31 December 1961); traveled to Boston, The Museum of Fine Arts (1 February-4 March 1962); pp. 63-64, illus. no. 46, p. 66.", "opening_date": "1961-11-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Fransisco, The Fine Arts Museum of San Fransisco, Winslow Homer: Paintings of the Civil War (2 July-18 September 1988); traveled to Portland, Portland Museum of Art (8 October-18 December 1988); cat. no. 8, fig. 8.1, pp. 166-172; also included references to CMA painting pp. 21, 72-73, 111-112, 115, 119, 161, 195-196, 208-215, 236.", "opening_date": "1988-07-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., The National Gallery of Art, Winslow Homer (15 October 1995-28 January 1996); traveled to Boston, Museum of Fine Arts (21 February-26 May 1996); New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art (20 June-22 September 1996); illus. no. 3, pg. 43.", "opening_date": "1996-02-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Z. Boylston Adams (Helen Foster), Brookline, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1940-1944", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Zabdiel Boylston Adams [1875-1940], Brookline, MA, to his wife, Mrs. Z. Boylston Adams1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The exact mode of transfer and date of this painting from Mr. to Mrs. Boylston Adams are unknown, but she likely received it upon his death in 1940.</div><div><!--block--><br><br></div>"], "date": "1915 - probably 1940", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Annie Adams Fields (Mrs. James T. Fields) [1834-1915], Boston, MA, by bequest to her nephew, Zabdiel Boylston Adams", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1881-1915", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "James Thomas Fields [1817-1881], Boston, MA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1881", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "During the Civil War, Homer worked as an artist-reporter for the New York newspaper <em>Harper's Weekly</em>.", "description": "Created during the United States Civil War, Winslow Homer\u2019s painting depicts two volunteers for the Union Army who sport their regiment\u2019s highly colorful uniforms, a design discovered to be impractical due to its ability to be spotted by sharpshooters. Passing idle time in their encampment, one soldier holds a lit pipe and watches his companion whittle a block of wood. The painting shares its title with a contemporary poem, in which a soldier smokes a brierwood pipe and daydreams of the time when the conflict will end so he can return home. The museum acquired this painting during World War II, and it seems likely that the painting\u2019s subject was viewed as especially significant for its wartime audience.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7720110"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.524-the-brierwood-pipe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Marr, Timothy. \"The American Zouave.\" <em>Military Images </em>34, no. 4. 22-29", "page_number": "Reproduced: 22-23, 27.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goodrich, Lloyd, and Abigail Booth Gerdts. <em>Record of Works by Winslow Homer</em>. 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Holzer, Harold and Mark E. Neely, Jr., eds. <em>Mine Eyes Have Seen The Glory: The Civil War in Art.</em> (New York: Orion, 1993).", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 281-83; reproduced p. 283.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Downes, William Howe. <em>The Life and Works of Winslow Homer</em>. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cox, Kenyon. <em>Winslow Home</em>r. New York: Privately printed, 1914.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burchfield, Louise H. \u201cPaintings by Winslow Homer.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 33, no. 9 (November 1946): 165\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 166; Reproduced: P. 168", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141315"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 543", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n101"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n211"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n211"}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, and Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 10-13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Check List. American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 28, no. 88", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152465"}, {"citation": "Williams, Hermann Warner. <em>Mirror to the American Past; A Survey of American Genre Painting: 1750-1900.</em> Greenwich, Conn: New York Graphic Society, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 182-183, no. 176", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Grossman, Julian. <em>Echo of a Distant Drum: Winslow Homer and the Civil War.</em> New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 112-113", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 231", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n251"}, {"citation": "Hendricks, Gordon. <em>The Life and Work of Winslow Homer.</em> New York: Harry N. Abrams,1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 318, no. CL-555", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ledes, Allison Eckardt. \"Current and Coming: Winslow Homer and the Civil War.\" <em>The Magazine Antique</em>s 134 (August 1988): 216-230.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 216", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. \" Winslow Homer's Unfinished Business.\" In <em>American Art Around 1900: Lectures in Memory of Daniel Fraad, </em>Doreen Bolger, and Nicolai Cikovsky, eds., 93-117. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 98, fig. 12; Reproduced: P. 100, fig.12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. <em>Winslow Homer</em>. New York: Abrams,1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 20-21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jennings, Kate F. <em>Winslow Home</em>r. New York, N.Y.: Crescent Books, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 8-9, 19; reproduced: p. 20.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 130", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. <em>Winslow Homer</em>. [New York, N.Y.]: [Rizzoli], 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pl. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sears, Stephen W. <em>The Civil War: A Treasury of Art and Literat</em>ure. New York: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 145, pl. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. \"Winslow Homer.\" <em>Portraits: The Lives and Works of Eminent Artists </em>1, no.6.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cikovsky, Nicolai. \"The School of War.\" In <em>Winslow Home</em>r, Nicolai Cikovsky and Franklin Kelly, 17-60. Washington: National Gallery of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press,1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 42-43, no. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Conrads, Margaret C. <em>Winslow Homer and the Critics: Forging a National Art in the 1870s.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press in association with the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 14, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mitchell, Mark D. <em>Francis A. Silva (1835-1886): In His Own Light</em>. New York, N.Y.: Berry-Hill Galleries, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 22, fig. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jennings, Kate F. <em>Winslow Homer.</em> North Dighton, Mass: JG Press/World Publications Group, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 19-20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 96-97", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stebbins, Theodore E. <em>American Paintings at Harvard</em>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Art Museums; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, P. 148", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Welcome Back.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>48, no. 5 (May/June 2008): 5-6.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Harvey, Eleanor Jones. <em>The Civil War and American Art.</em> Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian American Art Museum; New Haven, Connecticut: in association with Yale University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 154-155, no. 53", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.524", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_web.jpg", "width": "791", "height": "893", "filesize": "113881", "filename": "1944.524_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_print.jpg", "width": "3012", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1672433", "filename": "1944.524_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_full.tif", "width": "4613", "height": "5207", "filesize": "72084800", "filename": "1944.524_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "821", "height": "893", "filesize": "572836"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3125", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6165357"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3415", "height": "3716", "filesize": "38165644"}, "date_created": "2010-04-19T16:12:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "821", "height": "893", "filesize": "572836"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3125", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6165357"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3415", "height": "3716", "filesize": "38165644"}, "date_created": "2010-04-19T16:12:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "778", "height": "893", "filesize": "496470"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2962", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5819295"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.524/1944.524_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3666", "height": "4208", "filesize": "46307220"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124040, "creators": [{"id": 3143, "description": "Winslow Homer (American, 1836\u20131910)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1836", "death_year": "1910", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1864, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1864", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Briarwood Pipe"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:39.413000"}, {"id": 124165, "accession_number": "1945.169", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Royal Reception in a Landscape, right folio from a double-page frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), 1444. Iran, Shiraz, Timurid period (1370-1501). Opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper; overall: 32.5 x 22.1 cm (12 13/16 x 8 11/16 in.); recto image: 27.7 x 10.3 cm (10 7/8 x 4 1/16 in.); verso image: 26.3 x 20.7 cm (10 3/8 x 8 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1945.169", "current_location": null, "title": "Royal Reception in a Landscape, right folio from a double-page frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025)", "creation_date": "1444", "creation_date_earliest": 1444, "creation_date_latest": 1444, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Shiraz, Timurid period (1370-1501)"], "technique": "opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Overall: 32.5 x 22.1 cm (12 13/16 x 8 11/16 in.); Recto Image: 27.7 x 10.3 cm (10 7/8 x 4 1/16 in.); Verso image: 26.3 x 20.7 cm (10 3/8 x 8 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.325, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.221, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "recto image": {"height": 0.277, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.103, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "verso image": {"height": 0.263, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.207, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Y\u0101 kab\u012bkaj", "inscription_translation": "King of Cockroaches", "inscription_remark": "The inscription on the recto is a talismanic inscription against insects that might damage the book.", "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "Recto: Effaced seal", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355504, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Texture in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Texture in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 6-December 8, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-10-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701409, "title": "Exhibition of Persian Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Persian Art</i>. Italian Institute for the Middle and Far East, Rome, Italy (organizer) (May 31-September 30, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518751, "title": "The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran", "description": "<i>The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (October 19, 1961-January 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519268, "title": "Muslim Miniature Paintings", "description": "<i>Muslim Miniature Paintings</i>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy, Venezia, Italy (organizer) (September 1-October 31, 1962); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 4, 1962-February 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443710, "title": "Persian Miniature Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Persian Miniature Manuscripts</i>. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Islamic art rotation</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 16, 2013-December 15, 2014). (1945.169.b only)", "opening_date": "2013-12-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Islamic Art</em>. De Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, CA (February 24-March 22, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-02-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Persian Art. </em>The Iranian Institute, New York, NY (1940).", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Islamic Art</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Mostra d'Arte Iranica</em> [<em>Exhibition of Iranian art</em>]. Instituto Italiano Per Il Medio Ed Estremo Oriente, Rome, Italy (June-August 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Twain Shall Meet</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Order and Rhythm: Carpets from the Islamic World</em>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (September 10-November 7, 1993<em>).</em>", "opening_date": "1993-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Philipp Walter Schulz [1864-1920], Leipzig, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1914", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Mrs. Kirkor [Antoinette P. Clark] Minassian [1874-1961], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1935-1945", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 133447, "description": "Royal Reception in a Landscape, left folio from the double frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (Persian, about 940\u20131019 or 1025), 1444. Iran, Shiraz, Timurid period (1370-1501). Opaque watercolor, ink, gold and silver on paper; recto image: 26.1 x 20.7 cm (10 1/4 x 8 1/8 in.); overall: 32.7 x 22 cm (12 7/8 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1956.10", "relationship": "partner of"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Seemingly uninterested in the emissaries and gifts, a prince kneels with six royal women under an open tent and tries to coax one to have a drink.", "description": "The painting on the verso of this folio is the first half of a double-page frontispiece now detached from a <em>Shah-nama</em> manuscript (see <a href=\"http://cma.org/art/1956.10\"><u>CMA 1956.10</u></a> for the second half of the frontispiece). The scene does not illustrate a narrative from the <em>Shah-nama</em>, but is likely a representation of the courtly audience for whose entertainment the manuscript was created. The date and style of the painting indicate that it was made during the reign of the Timurid dynasty in Shiraz, Iran.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781096"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.169-royal-reception-in-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sarre, Friedrich Paul Theodor, F. R. Martin, Max van Berchem, Moriz Dreger, Ernst Ku\u0308hnel, Camillo List, and Severin Schro\u0308der. <em>Die Ausstellung von Meisterwerken muhammedanischer Kunst in Mu\u0308nchen, 1910</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: F. Bruckmann, 1912.", "page_number": "vol. I, pl. 22, no. 653", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schulz, Ph.W. <em>Die persisch-islamische Miniaturmalerei. Ein Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte Irans. </em>Leipzig: Hiersemann, 1914.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 87; vol II, pls. 37, 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Diez, Ernst. <em>Die Kunst der Islamischen Volker</em>. Berlin-Neubabelsberg: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Athenaion M.BH., 1917.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187, fig. 225", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aga-Oglu, Mehmet and Walter Heil. <em>Exhibition of Islamic art, M. H. De Young Memorial Museum, February 24 to March 22, 1937</em>. San Fransisco: Carlisle, 1937.", "page_number": "p. 30, no. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ackerman, Phyllis. <em>Guide to the Exhibition of Persian Art</em>. New York: Iranian Institute of America, 1940.", "page_number": "p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. <em>Islamic Art: Selected Examples from the Loan Exhibition of Islamic Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/IslamicArtCMA"}, {"citation": "Robinson, B.W. \u201cOrigin and Date of Three Famous Shah-Nameh Illustrations,\u201d <em>Ars Orientalis </em>I (1954):105\u2013112.", "page_number": "p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stchoukine, Ivan. <em>Les Peintures des Manuscrits Timurids</em>. Paris: Institut Fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie de Beyrouth, Biblioth\u00e9que arch\u00e9ologique et historique, 1954.", "page_number": "pp. 44, 46, 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bussagli, Mario. <em>Mostra d'arte iranica. Exhibition of Iranian art</em>.<em> Roma, Palazzo Brancaccio, giugno-agosto, 1956</em>. Milan: Silvana editoriale d\u2019arte, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 506, p. 273, pl. LXXXVI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \u201cA Sh\u0101hn\u0101mah Frontispiece.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>(December 1956) vol. 43, no. 10, 1956, pp. 213\u2013217.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 213\u2013217; Reproduced: p. 217", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142170"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 722", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n132"}, {"citation": "Gray, Basil. <em>Persian Painting</em>. Cleveland: Editions d\u2019Art Albert Sikra and The World Publishing Company, 1961.", "page_number": "pp. 96, 102\u2013103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ghirshman, Roman. <em>Sept mille ans d'art en Iran: Petit Palais, Octobre 1961-Janvier 1962</em>. Paris: Association francaise d\u2019action artistique, 1961.", "page_number": "no. 1079, p. 193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grube, Ernst J. and Alberta Maria Fabris. <em>Muslim Miniature Paintings from the XIII to XIX Century from Collections in the United States and Canada</em>. Venice: N. Pozza, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no.34, pp. 46\u201348", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reisner, Jacob. \u201c7000 Jahre Persische Kunst zur Austellung in \u2018Villa Hugel,\u2019\u201d <em>Die Kunst und das Schone Heim </em>60 (March 1962): 226\u2013233.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 96, 102\u2013103", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n246"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n246"}, {"citation": "Robinson, B.W. ed., <em>Islamic Painting and the Arts of the Book. </em>London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1976.", "page_number": "pp. 153, 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n299"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 45, p. 350", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Williams, Marjorie. \u201cDragons, Porcelains and Demons, Cultural Exchange between China and Persia,\u201d <em>Orientations </em>17 no. 8 (August 1986).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 26, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg. <em>The Meditation of Ornament</em>. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 215, fig, 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blair, Sheila S. and Jonathan S. Bloom. <em>The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250 \u2013 1800</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 318, n. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg. \u201cToward an Aesthetic of Persian Painting,\u201d in <em>The Art of Interpreting: Papers in Art History from the Pennsylvania State University vol. IX</em>, ed. Susan C. Scott, pp. 129\u2013162. University Park: Pennsylvania State University, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 6-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Eleanor with Boris I. Marshak and Ernst J. Grube. <em>Peerless Images: Persian Painting and its Sources</em>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 115\u2013116, fig. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "de Selliers, Diane, ed. <em>Orient: Mille ans de poesi et de peinture. </em>Paris: Diane de Selliers, 2004.", "page_number": "pp. 106, 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curtil, Sophie and Milo\u0161 Cvach. <em>L\u2019Art par 1001 Mains</em>. Toulouse: \u00c9ditions MILAN, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gharipour, Mohammad. <em>Persian Gardens and Pavilions, Reflections in History, Poetry and the Arts</em>. London: I.B. Tauris &amp; Co Ltd., 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  fig. 85, p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 228\u2013229", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. <em>Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th-21st Century</em>. Cleveland, OH; New Haven, CT: The Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.132, fig. 4.3; Mentioned: p. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Soucek, Priscilla. \" Looking East, Looking West: The Artistic Connections of Ming China and Timurid Iran.\" In <em>Ming China: Courts and Contacts, 1400-1450. </em>Craig Clunas, Jessica Harrison-Hall, and Yu Ping Luk., eds., p. 233. London: The British Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 233, pl. 26.8a-b", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.169", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169/1945.169_web.jpg", "width": "624", "height": "900", "filesize": "261226", "filename": "1945.169_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169/1945.169_print.jpg", "width": "2358", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2923172", "filename": "1945.169_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169/1945.169_full.tif", "width": "4624", "height": "6668", "filesize": "92526684", "filename": "1945.169_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169/1945.169_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "635", "height": "900", "filesize": "221855"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169/1945.169_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2399", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2388664"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169/1945.169_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4879", "height": "6916", "filesize": "101259544"}, "date_created": "2017-04-28T11:52:36", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124165, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1945-08-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1444, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1444", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Manuscript of the Shahnama of Firdawsi", "Royal Feast in a Garden, right folio from a double-page frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:24:08.523000"}, {"id": 130497, "accession_number": "1953.247", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fish and Rocks (\u9b5a\u77f3\u5716), mid- to late 1600s. Bada Shanren (Chinese, 1626\u20131705). Handscroll; ink on paper; painting: 29.6 x 158.4 cm (11 5/8 x 62 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1953.247", "current_location": null, "title": "Fish and Rocks", "title_in_original_language": "\u9b5a\u77f3\u5716", "creation_date": "mid- to late 1600s", "creation_date_earliest": 1650, "creation_date_latest": 1699, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 29.6 x 158.4 cm (11 5/8 x 62 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.296, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.584, "width_inch": 62, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "mounted": {"height": 0.317, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 7.881, "width_inch": 310, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u53bb\u5929\u7e94\u5c3a\u4e94\uff0c\u53ea\u898b\u767d\u96f2\u884c\u3002\n\u4e91\u4f55\u756b\u9ec3\u82b1\uff0c\u96f2\u4e2d\u662f\u91d1\u57ce\u3002\n[\u5370] \u4e2a\u5c71", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription and 1 seal:\n\nA foot and half from heaven,/\nOne can see the floating white clouds./\nWhy do I paint the yellow flowers?/\nFor amid the clouds is the City of Gold.\n[seal] Ge shan.", "inscription_remark": "The scattering of chrysanthemums at the lower edge of the rock provide a visual connection with the poem\u2019s allusion to the City of Gold.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u96d9\u4e95\u820a\u4e2d\u6cb3\uff0c\u660e\u6708\u6642\u5ef6\u4f47\u3002\n\u9ec3\u5bb6\u96d9\u9bc9\u9b5a\uff0c\u70ba\u9f8d\u5728\u4f55\u8655\u3002\n[\u5370] \u4e2a\u5c71", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription and 1 seal:\n\nThe Twin Wells was once in midstream./\nA bright moon shines in time and lingers./\nThe twin carp in the Huang family,/\nWhere do they go to change into dragons? \n[seal] Ge shan.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u4e09\u842c\u516d\u5343\u9803\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u6709\u9b5a\u884c\u3002\n\u5230\u6b64\u4e00\u9ec3\u9830\uff0c\u6d77\u6f6e\u6b21\u4e0a\u7b19\u3002\n[\u5370] \u4e2a\u5c71", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription and 2 seals:\n\nTo this 36,000 qing [of water]/\nHere a fish is coming at last./\nIt is but a yellowcheek./\nOver the ocean tides rises the sound of sheng [panpipe].\n[seal] Ge shan. \n[seal, upper right corner] Tsai-fu.", "inscription_remark": "One qing \u9803 is the equivalent of one hundred mu \u755d, a basic unit of land measurement. Numerically, 36,000 qing stands as a reference to Taihu \u592a\u6e56.\nThe poem\u2019s reference to a yellowcheek suggests that the painting was originally longer and had included an image of another fish.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "5 additional seals:  2 of Zhang Daqian \u5f35\u5927\u5343 (1899\u20131983); 1 of Ta-an Ch\u00fc-shih; 2 unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 4}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 702560, "title": "Asia and the West", "description": "<i>Asia and the West</i>. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 28-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-10-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 702660, "title": "The Dragon and the Star", "description": "<i>The Dragon and the Star</i>. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (organizer) (September 30-October 6, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "<i>1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444960, "title": "Chu Ta: Selected Paintings and Calligraphy", "description": "<i>Chu Ta: Selected Paintings and Calligraphy</i>. The Frances Lehman Loeb Art Center (organizer) (December 2, 1972-January 28, 1973); The New York Cultural Center, New York, NY (February 28-April 15, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202572, "title": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 376407, "title": "Layers of Meaning: China\u2019s Flora and Fauna in Painting and on Porcelain", "description": "<i>Layers of Meaning: China\u2019s Flora and Fauna in Painting and on Porcelain</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 2020-June 6, 2021).", "opening_date": "2020-11-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Chinese Painting</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Chu Ta</em>. Vassar College Art Gallery, Poughkeepsie, NY (February 28-April 14, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-28T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Gallery Rotation (Gallery 122)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 10-April 7, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-03-10T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Zhang Daqian \u5f35\u5927\u5343 [1899\u20131983]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131953", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "After each poem, Bada Shanren used his so-called <em>jixingyin </em>seal \u5c50\u5f62\u5370, which resembles the impression of a shoe on soft mud.", "description": "Bada Shanren, also called Zhu Da, a 17th-century painter who rejected conventions in favor of an individual, personal expression, is known for his unorthodox compositions of fish, flowers, birds, and rocks. Fish in his paintings are often looking upward toward heaven, swimming in a pond of undefined space. <br><br>As a member of the Ming imperial family, Zhu Da lost his princely status and hid in a monastery when the Manchus, foreigners from the north, established the Qing dynasty in 1644. This scroll may have some autobiographical meaning, representing fish as leftover subjects (<em>yimin</em>) who lived in a void, having lost their roles in life after the fall of the dynasty.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516370"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.247-fish-and-rocks"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. <em>Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles</em>. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  VI, pl. 384-B; VII, Lists, p. 325", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cSome Problems in Ming and Ch'ing Landscape Painting.\u201d <em>Ars Orientalis</em>, vol. 2, 1957, pp. 471\u2013485.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  pp. 483, 484, pl. 14, fig. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 872", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n155"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Two Styles of Chu Ta.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 45, no. 9, 1958, pp. 215\u2013219.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 216", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142297"}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>Im Schatten des Wu-T\u02bbung-Baumes </em>[\u6850\u9670\u756b\u8a23= Tong yin hua jue]. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sullivan, Michael. <em>An Introduction to Chinese Art</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  p. 195, pl. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>The Essence of Chinese Painting</em>. London: Lund Humphries, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  p. 138, pls. 30, 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 451, 452, fig. 593", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sullivan, Michael. <em>Chinese and Japanese Art</em>. New York: Grolier, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 262, fig. D", "url": null}, {"citation": "Auboyer, Jeannine, and Roger Goepper. <em>The Oriental World: India and South-East Asia</em>. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 268", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n292"}, {"citation": "Froncek, Thomas, and Hugh Honour. <em>The Horizon Book of the Arts of China</em>. New York: American Heritage Pub. Co, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zhang, Wanli \u5f35\u842c\u91cc and Hu Renmu \u80e1\u4ec1\u7267. <em>Badashanren shu hua ji </em>\u516b\u5927\u5c71\u4eba\u66f8\u756b\u96c6. Xianggang Jiulong: Kai fa gu fen you xian gong si, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Chu Ta: Selected Paintings &amp; Calligraphy</em>. Poughkeepsie, NY: The College, 1973.", "page_number": "cat. no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. <em>The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 356", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n376"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 235, pp. 318\u2013319", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wang, Fangyu, Richard M. Barnhart, and Judith G. Smith. <em>Master of the Lotus Garden: The Life and Art of Bada Shanren, 1626-1705</em>. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Art Gallery, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 128\u2013129, cat. no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 96\u201397", "url": null}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory, \"Three New Curators\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 39 no. 04, April 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1999-04/page/6"}, {"citation": "Thorp, Robert L., and Richard Ellis Vinograd.<em> Chinese Art &amp; Culture</em>. New York: Abrams, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 332, 9-15", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 84, pp. 79\u201380, 119; Reproduced: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schirokauer, Conrad, and Donald N. Clark.<em> Modern East Asia: A Brief History</em>. South Melbourne, Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 2.3, p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schirokauer, Conrad. <em>A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations</em>. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 384, fig. 15.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Convergences: Chen Wen Hsi centennial exhibition</em> [\u6c47\u6d41 : \u9648\u6587\u5e0c\u767e\u5e74\u8bde\u8fb0\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5c55 = Hui liu: Chen Wenxi bai nian dan chen ji nian zhan]. Singapore: Singapore Art Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 247", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schirokauer, Conrad, and Miranda Brown. <em>A Brief History of Chinese Civilization</em>. Australia: Wadsworth, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 240, fig. 10.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clunas, Craig. <em>Art in China</em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 166, fig. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 109", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 398", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giuffrida, Noelle. <em>Separating Sheep from Goats: Sherman E. Lee and Chinese Art Collecting in Postwar America</em>. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 104\u2013105, fig. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chuanxi, Chen. \"Bada Shanren: Freehand Flower, Bird, and Landscape Paintings are Clear, Extraordinary, and Elegant.\" <em>Artist Magazine </em>603 (August 2025): 268\u2013291.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.247", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.247/1953.247_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "118", "filesize": "50871", "filename": "1953.247_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.247/1953.247_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "447", "filesize": "361158", "filename": "1953.247_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.247/1953.247_full.tif", "width": "36789", "height": "4833", "filesize": "533426800", "filename": "1953.247_full.tif"}}, 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130497, "creators": [{"id": 6306, "description": "Bada Shanren (Chinese, 1626\u20131705)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u516b\u5927\u5c71\u4eba", "birth_year": "1626", "death_year": "1705", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-05-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1650, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid- to late 1600s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Fish and Rocks \u9b5a\u77f3\u5716"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:59:46.565000"}, {"id": 132015, "accession_number": "1954.582", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Poet Lin Bu Wandering in the Moonlight (\u966a\u6708\u9592\u884c\u5716), late 1400s. Du Jin (Chinese, 1446-c. 1519). Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper; image: 156.4 x 72.4 cm (61 9/16 x 28 1/2 in.); overall with knobs: 286.4 x 99 cm (112 3/4 x 39 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1954.582", "current_location": null, "title": "The Poet Lin Bu Wandering in the Moonlight", "title_in_original_language": "\u966a\u6708\u9592\u884c\u5716", "creation_date": "late 1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1460, "creation_date_latest": 1492, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 156.4 x 72.4 cm (61 9/16 x 28 1/2 in.); Overall with knobs: 286.4 x 99 cm (112 3/4 x 39 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.564, "height_inch": 61, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.724, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.864, "height_inch": 112, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.99, "width_inch": 39, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u966a\u6708\u9592\u884c\u6756\u5c68\u9072\uff0c\u534a\u9192\u6642\u7bc0\u66f4\u76f8\u5b9c\u3002\n\u541f\u6210\u758f\u5f71\u5bd2\u9999\u53e5\uff0c\u70ba\u554f\u6885\u82b1\u77e5\u4e0d\u77e5\u3002\n\n\u6a89\u5c45\u675c\u5807 [\u5370]\u4e00\u66f8\u751f", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription, signature, and seal at upper left:\n\nAccompanying the moon, his walk slowed to a leisurely pace./\nThis was all the more fitting as he was merely half awake./\nHaving composed the line of sparse sound and chilled fragrance,/\n\u2019Tis time to ask: Was the plum blossom aware of its own essence?\n\nChengju, Du Jiin  [seal] Yi shu sheng", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "1 seal of Zhang Heng \u5f35\u73e9 (1915\u20131963)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "1 seal of C. C. Wang [Wang Jiqian] \u738b\u5b63\u9077 (1907\u20132003)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": "1 unidentified seal", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 4}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300427, "title": "Chinese Landscape Painting", "description": "<i>Chinese Landscape Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 700733, "title": "Arts of China", "description": "<i>Arts of China</i>. Lyman Allyn Art Museum, New London, CT (organizer) (October 30-December 4, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-10-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "<i>1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213950, "title": "The Chinese Painter as Poet", "description": "<i>The Chinese Painter as Poet</i>. China Institute in America, New York, NY (organizer) (September 14-December 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-09-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203084, "title": "Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen", "description": "<i>Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-July 31, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 445574, "title": "Escaping to a Better World: Eccentrics and Immortals in Chinese Art", "description": "<i>Escaping to a Better World: Eccentrics and Immortals in Chinese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 13-November 6, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-05-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chiao-y\u00fc-pu</em>. [Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji \u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6 = A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. Nanking Art Gallery, Nanjing, China (April 1-23, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-04-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Chinese Paintings</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 19-August 7, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-07-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>One Thousand Years of Chinese Painting: T\u02bbang to Ch\u02bbing (800 to 1800) : an Exhibition of Fifty Representative Works Borrowed from Major American Collections</em>. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (February 14-March 31, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</em>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Zhang Congyu, Shanghai, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Zhang Heng \u5f35\u73e9 [1915\u20131963]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(C. C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077 [1907\u20132003], New York, NY,  sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131954", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1954\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lin Bu withdrew from prestigious government service and lived as a hermit by the West Lake in Hangzhou.", "description": "Lin Bu (967\u20131028), a Northern Song (960\u20131127) poet and hermit who lived at the West Lake in Hangzhou, was known for having plum trees for his female companions and cranes for his children. This hanging scroll depicts the poet walking in the moonlight and looking at the plum tree, a scene described in his most well-known poem on plum blossoms.<br><br>Surviving works signed by Du Jin are rare and this painting is one of them. Here, the artist used lively brushwork to depict the plum tree and rocks, exemplified in varying dots and strokes, and sweeps in different shades of ink.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516494"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.582-the-poet-lin-bu-wand"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji</em> [\u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6 = A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. Nanjing: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 148, 149 cat. no. 42; Reproduced: p 66", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ChineseLandscape"}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. <em>Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles</em>. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: IV, 145; VII, Lists, 245", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 859", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n153"}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "cat. no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>Chinesische Malerei; die a\u0308ltere Tradition</em>. Bern: Hallway, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 42-43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "p. 61, cat. no. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>The Essence of Chinese Painting</em>. London: Lund Humphries, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 60, 72, 74, pl. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E.<em> A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 425, fig. 567", "url": null}, {"citation": "Li, Dun Jen. <em>The Ageless Chinese, A History</em>. New York: Scribner, 1965.", "page_number": "p. 305", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 263", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n287"}, {"citation": "Bowie, Theodore Robert. <em>One Thousand Years of Chinese Painting: T\u02bbang to Ch\u02bbing (800 to 1800) : an Exhibition of Fifty Representative Works Borrowed from Major American Collections, Indiana University Art Museum, February 14 Through March 31, 1968</em>. Bloomington, IN: The Museum, 1968.", "page_number": "cat. no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 263", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n287"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 64, no. 4, 1977, pp. 118\u2013136.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132, fig. 20", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 349", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n369"}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. <em>Parting at the Shore: Chinese Painting of the Early and Middle Ming Dynasty, 1368-1580</em>. New York: Weatherhill, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 157, pp. 191-192", "url": null}, {"citation": "Suzuki, Kei \u9234\u6728\u656c. <em>Chugoku kaiga shi </em>[\u4e2d\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u53f2 = A History of Chinese Painting]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Yoshikawa Kobunkan, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 215, no. 233", "url": null}, {"citation": "Little, Stephen. \u201cDimensions of a Portrait: Du Jin's \u2018The Poet Lin Bu Walking in the Moonlight.\u2019\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 75, no. 9, 1988, pp. 330\u2013349.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, figs. 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160049"}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58, cat. no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Judith G., and Wen Fong. <em>Issues of Authenticity in Chinese Painting</em>. New York: Dept. of Asian Art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208, fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hardie, Peter \"Exhibition Review.\" <em>Oriental Art Magazine</em> XLVI:4 (2000): 72.", "page_number": "p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chaves, Jonathan. <em>The Chinese painter as poet</em>. New York: China Institute Gallery, China Institute, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 8, p. 66, p. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Greene, David B. <em>How to Respond to Strangeness in Art: Four Studies in the Unfamiliar</em>. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 3.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Steuber, Jason. <em>China: 3000 Years of Art and Literature</em>. New York: Welcome Books, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Siegel, Connie Smith. <em>Spirit of Drawing: A Sensory Meditation Guide to Creative Expression</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yang, Kathleen \u694a\u51f1\u7433, and Chi-ch\u02bbien Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077. <em>Through a Chinese connoisseur's eye: private notes of C.C. Wang </em>\u738b\u5b63\u9077\u8b80\u66f8\u7b46\u8a18. Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 310, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi Chou and Anita Chung. <em>Silent Poetry: Chinese Paintings from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 256-259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 256", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tanenbaum, Mary. <em>Fishing on the Terrace: A Collection of Writings,</em> edited by Heather Parks. [Redwood City, CA] Stanford University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giuffrida, Noelle. <em>Separating Sheep from Goats: Sherman E. Lee and Chinese Art Collecting in Postwar America</em>. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108, fig. 61", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.582", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_web.jpg", "width": "422", "height": "893", "filesize": "262647", "filename": "1954.582_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_print.jpg", "width": "1605", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3535014", "filename": "1954.582_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_full.tif", "width": "3256", "height": "6896", "filesize": "67374180", "filename": "1954.582_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "422", "height": "893", "filesize": "44982"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1605", "height": "3400", "filesize": "550368"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1934", "height": "4096", "filesize": "902444"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "377660"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "3072", "filesize": "4668178"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "3072", "filesize": "18889952"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "628", "height": "893", "filesize": "427227"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1668", "height": "2372", "filesize": "3210401"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1668", "height": "2372", "filesize": "11880200"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "608", "height": "893", "filesize": "419082"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1531", "height": "2248", "filesize": "2831981"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt3_full.tif", "width": "1531", "height": "2248", "filesize": "10335288"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "350483"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "3072", "filesize": "4509382"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt4_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "3072", "filesize": "18888004"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "392060"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "3072", "filesize": "4702030"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt5_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "3072", "filesize": "18891676"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "750", "filesize": "698819"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3072", "height": "1825", "filesize": "4343975"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.582/1954.582_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3072", "height": "1825", "filesize": "16834996"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132015, "creators": [{"id": 17277, "description": "Du Jin (Chinese, 1446-c. 1519)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u675c\u5807", "birth_year": "1446", "death_year": "1524", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-08-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1460, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Poet Lin P'u Wandering in the Moonlight"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:48:14.634000"}, {"id": 135262, "accession_number": "1958.27", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Before the Race, c. 1887\u201389. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Pastel with charcoal underdrawing on tracing paper mounted on cardboard; sheet: 57.5 x 65.4 cm (22 5/8 x 25 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.27", "current_location": null, "title": "Before the Race", "creation_date": "c. 1887\u201389", "creation_date_earliest": 1887, "creation_date_latest": 1889, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "pastel with charcoal underdrawing on tracing paper mounted on cardboard", "support_materials": [{"description": "tracing paper mounted to cardboard", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 57.5 x 65.4 cm (22 5/8 x 25 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.575, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.654, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in black pastel: Degas", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312095, "title": "Works of Edgar Degas", "description": "<i>Works of Edgar Degas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 5-March 9, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-02-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224558, "title": "Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement", "description": "<i>Time Stands Still: Muybridge and the Instantaneous Photography Movement</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 15-May 16, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-02-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283693, "title": "Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition du pastel fran\u00e7ais du XVIIe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 nos jours</em>. Andr\u00e9 J. Seligmann, Paris (November 18\u2013December 9, 1933).", "opening_date": "1933-12-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art, New York World\u2019s Fair</em>. New York (May\u2013October, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of Degas for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary</em>. Wildenstein, New York (April 7\u2013May 14, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-05-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Edgar Degas: Pastelle, \u00d6lskizzen, Zeichnungen</em>. Kunsthalle T\u00fcbingen (January 14\u2013March 25, 1984); Nationalgalerie Berlin (April 5\u2013May 20, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-03-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henry Lerolle [1848\u20131929], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1918-after 1933", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hector Brame, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(C\u00e9sar M. de Hauke, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann, New York, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr., Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1933-1939", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. [1889\u20131957], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939-1958", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When creating the series to which this pastel belongs, Edgar Degas was inspired by the 19th-century photographer Eadweard Muybridge, who attempted to record motion in static images.", "description": "Degas returned to the theme of horse and rider time and again throughout his career. Scholars believe that he executed the first version of this composition of four jockeys on horseback in a charcoal and pastel drawing. Several years later, he traced the composition, reversing its orientation to create the highly finished Cleveland pastel. The palette is intensified, the distance between the second and third jockeys is increased, and the foliage along the horizon has been added to suggest a lush spring day.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80028324"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.27-before-the-race"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hourticq, Louis. \u201cE. Degas.\u201d <em>Art et D\u00e9coration</em> 32, no. 2 (1912): 97-113.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lafond, Paul. <em>Degas</em>. Paris: H. Floury, 1918.", "page_number": "Reproduced: after p. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hertz, Henri. <em>Degas</em>. Paris: F\u00e9lix Alcan, 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. VI", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coquiot, Gustave. <em>Degas.</em> Paris: Ollendorff, 1924.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opposite p. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fosca, Fran\u00e7ois. <em>Degas</em>. Paris: Librarie de France, 1930", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition du pastel fran\u00e7ais du XVIIe si\u00e8cle \u00e0 nos jours</em>. Exh. cat. Paris: Andr\u00e9 J. Seligmann, 1933.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45, no. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pach, Walter. <em>Catalogue of European &amp; American Paintings, 1500\u20131900. </em>Exh. cat. New York: World\u2019s Fair, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 185, no. 269", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoisne, Paul Andr\u00e9. <em>Degas et son \u0153uvre</em>. Paris: Brame et de Hauke, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 3, pp. 428-29, no. 755", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. <em>Works by Degas</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15, no. 22; Reproduced: pl. XVII", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of Degas for the Benefit of the New York Infirmary</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Wildenstein, 1949.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61, no. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cabanne, Pierre. <em>Edgar Degas.</em> Paris: Pierre Tisn\u00e9, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 117, no. 107.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seligman, Germain. <em>Merchants of Art: 1880\u20131960, Eighty Years of Professional Collecting</em>. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 76b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n199"}, {"citation": "Werner, Alfred. <em>Degas Pastels</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60; Reproduced: p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n199"}, {"citation": "Russoli, Franco. <em>L'opera completa di Degas</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 119\u201320, no. 703", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 214", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n234"}, {"citation": "Bell, Clive. <em>The French Impressionists</em>. New York: Phaidon, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; Reproduced: pl. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lister, Ron. <em>Drawing with Pastels</em>. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \u201cThe Rembrandt and Monet of Marcel Proust.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 2 (February 1983): 73\u201395.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 84-85, fig. 10", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159803"}, {"citation": "Gotz, Adriani. <em>Degas Pastels, Oil Sketches, Drawings</em>. Exh. cat. T\u00fcbingen: Kunsthalle, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 380, no. 148; Reproduced: pl. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 98, no. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, Douglas W. Druick, Henri Loyrette, Michael Pantazzi, and Gary Tinterow. <em>Degas</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 565", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gordon, Robert and Andrew Forge. <em>Degas</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maheux, Anne F. <em>Degas Pastels</em> Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 68-69; Reproduced: pp. 69 (detail), 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald. <em>Degas</em>. Exh. cat. Martigny: Fondation Pierre Gianadda, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, ed. <em>Degas at the Races</em>. Exh. cat. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 138-40; Reproduced: p. 140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marmor, Michael F. <em>Degas through His Own Eyes: Visual Disability and the Late Style of Degas</em>, 38, 46 (ill.). Paris: Somogy, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 38, 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Impressionist and Modern Works on Paper</em>. New York: Christie's, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather, \"Unparalleled Color\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 47 no. 10, December 2007", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2007-10/page/2"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 166", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Barbe-Gall, Franc\u0327oise, and Edgar Degas. Pourquoi Degas est Degas. Paris: E\u0301ditions Le Deuxie\u0300me Horizon, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 58-59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lerolle, Aggy. <em>Henry Lerolle: Paris 1848-1929.</em> Willaupuis, Belgium: Wapica; Paris: Socie\u0301te\u0301 des Amis d'Henry Lerolle, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 78-79", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Drawn to Excellence.\" <em>Fine Art Connoisseur </em>20, no. 1 (January/February 2023): 90.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 146-153, no. 28a", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Lemoisne 755", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.27", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.27/1958.27_web.jpg", "width": "1035", "height": "893", "filesize": "219453", "filename": "1958.27_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.27/1958.27_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2933", "filesize": "2182520", "filename": "1958.27_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.27/1958.27_full.tif", "width": "13382", "height": "11544", "filesize": "463469452", "filename": "1958.27_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.27/1958.27_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1032", "height": "893", "filesize": "843504"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.27/1958.27_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2943", "filesize": "8537139"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.27/1958.27_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4328", "filesize": "64973848"}, "date_created": "2007-06-20T15:48:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.27/1958.27_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1032", "height": "893", "filesize": "841709"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.27/1958.27_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2943", "filesize": "8287741"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.27/1958.27_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4328", "filesize": "64954804"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135262, "creators": [{"id": 1759, "description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1834", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1887, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1887\u201389", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Race Horses"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:54:53.232000"}, {"id": 135480, "accession_number": "1958.47", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Apple Seller, c. 1890. Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919). Oil on fabric; framed: 93 x 82.2 x 9.5 cm (36 5/8 x 32 3/8 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 65.8 x 54.5 cm (25 7/8 x 21 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.47", "current_location": null, "title": "The Apple Seller", "creation_date": "c. 1890", "creation_date_earliest": 1885, "creation_date_latest": 1895, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 93 x 82.2 x 9.5 cm (36 5/8 x 32 3/8 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 65.8 x 54.5 cm (25 7/8 x 21 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.93, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.822, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.658, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.545, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed center right: a. renoir / 1864\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 343625, "title": "Color: Light to Palette", "description": "<i>Color: Light to Palette</i>. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (October 22-December 6, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 343633, "title": "A loan exhibition for the benefit of The American Association of Museums : in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of Renoir\u2019s death", "description": "<i>A loan exhibition for the benefit of The American Association of Museums : in commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of Renoir\u2019s death</i>. Wildenstein & Co. (March 27-May 3, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-03-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338396, "title": "Renoir", "description": "<i>Renoir</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (February 3-April 1, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 343645, "title": "Renoir Retrospective", "description": "<i>Renoir Retrospective</i>. Nagoya City Art Museum, Nagoya, Japan (organizer) (October 15-December 11, 1988); Hiroshima Museum of Art, Hiroshima City, Japan (December 17, 1988-February 12, 1989); Nara Prefectural Museum of Art, Nara, Japan (February 18-April 9, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 220956, "title": "Rise and Fall of Modernity: Weimar- a German Example 1890-1990", "description": "<i>Rise and Fall of Modernity: Weimar- a German Example 1890-1990</i>. Kunstsammlungen zu Weimar, Weimar, Th\u00fcringen, Germany (May 9-August 1, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-05-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222741, "title": "Renoir: 1870 - 1892", "description": "<i>Renoir: 1870 - 1892</i>. Artizon Museum, Tokyo, Japan (February 10-April 15, 2001); Nagoya City Art Museum, Nagoya, Japan (organizer) (April 21-June 24, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 179631, "title": "CMA Highlights", "description": "<i>CMA Highlights</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 21-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231063, "title": "Renoir - Tradition and Innovation", "description": "<i>Renoir - Tradition and Innovation</i>. National Art Center, Tokyo, Japan (January 20-April 5, 2010); National Museum of Art, Osaka, Japan (April 17-June 27, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-01-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition Renoir.</em> Durand-Ruel, Paris, France (1896).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of French Masters from Courbet to Seura</em>t. Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co., Inc. New York, NY (1937).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Hanna Collection of Modern Masterpieces</em>. J. B. Speed Memorial Museum, Louisville, KY (1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Summer Loan: group of fourteen Hanna paintings.</em> Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY . (June-September 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-06-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris, France, November 9, 1891, stock no. 1915, purchased from the artist)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1891", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris, France, June 12, 1896, sold to Graf von Kessler)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1891-1896", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Graf von Kessler [1868-1937], Berlin, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1896-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Marquis de Biron [1859-1939], Geneva, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., New York, NY, February 5, 1941, sold to Leonard C. Hanna Jr.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937-1941", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-1958", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Using repetitive, soft, light-of-touch brushstrokes to form patches of color, Renoir creates a sense of dappled light that reflects on the ground and caresses the figures, giving the painting an ethereal, dreamlike quality.", "description": "This painting depicts a young country girl offering apples to Renoir's wife, Aline. The boy in the straw hat may be the artist's nephew, Edmond, but the young girl with the ribbon in her hair has not been identified. Bathed in soft, dappled sunlight, the figures are united through the fluid brushstrokes that cover the canvas. The leaping dog provides an accent of humor and motion in an otherwise tranquil scene. The picture was probably completed at Essoyes, in eastern France.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465147"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.47-the-apple-seller"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Meier-Graefe, Julius, Florence Simmonds, and George W. Chrystal. <em>Modern art; being a contribution to a new system of \u00e6sthetics.</em> London,UK: W. Heinemann, 1908.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p,. 286, vol. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Davidson, Martha. \"Courbet--Seurat: From Realism to Neo-Impressionism.\" <em>ARTnews </em>35 (March 27, 1937): 17-18, 24.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLV,</em> no. 6 (June, 1958)", "page_number": "Reproduced: on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: frontispiece, no. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Great Show of French Masters: Cleveland Celebrates Legacy of Hanna Collection.\" <em>Life</em> 45, no. 8 (August 25, 1958): 41-46.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XLVI,</em> no. 6 (June, 1959)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"From Turner to Guston.\" <em>Apollo: A Journal of the Arts </em>78 (December 1963): 481-488.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 484", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taft Museum. <em>Color, Light to Palette: [Exhibition, Taft Museum]</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: The Museum, 1900.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n200"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n200"}, {"citation": "Renoir, Auguste, and Charles Durand-Ruel. <em>A Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of The American Association of Museums; In Commemoration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of Renoir's Death, March 27-May 3 [1969]</em>. New York: Wildenstein, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daulte, Franc\u0327ois. <em>Auguste Renoir: catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'\u0153uvre peint</em>. Lausanne, SW: Durand-Ruel, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daulte, Franc\u0327ois. <em>Auguste Renoir</em>. Milano, IT: Fratelli Fabbri Editori, 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Renoir, Auguste, and John Maxon. <em>Paintings by Renoir</em>. [Chicago]: Art Institute of Chicago, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 218", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n238"}, {"citation": "Monneret, Sophie. <em>L'impressionnisme et son e\u0301poque: dictionnaire international illustre\u0301</em>. Paris, FR: Denoe\u0308l, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.130, 303, vol. 1; p. 181, vol. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "White, Barbara Ehrlich. <em>Renoir, His Life, Art, and Letters</em>. New York, NY: Abrams, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194; Mentioned: p. 191", "url": null}, {"citation": "Renoir, Auguste. <em>Renoir: Hayward Gallery, London, 30 January-21 April 1985, Galeries Nationales Du Grand Palais, Paris, 14 May-2 September 1985, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 9 October 1985-5 January 1986</em>. [London]: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no 87, p. 134, 258", "url": null}, {"citation": "House, John. \"Renoir and the Earthly Paradise.\" <em>Oxford Art Journal</em> 8, no. 2 (1985): 21-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Orton, Fred. \"Reactions to Renoir Keep Changing.\" <em>Oxford Art Journal</em> 8, no. 2 (1985): 28-35.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wadley, Nicholas. <em>Renoir: A Retrospective</em>. New York, NY: H.L. Levin Associates, 1987.", "page_number": "Reprooduced: p. 376", "url": null}, {"citation": "Renoir, Auguste. <em>Runoa\u0304ru ten: 1988-nen 10-gatsu 15-nichi--12-gatsu 11 nichi, Nagoya-shi Bijutsukan</em>. [Nagoya-shi?]: Chu\u0304nichi Shinbunsha, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat no. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stevenson, Lesley. <em>Renoir</em>. London, UK: Bison Books Ltd, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140-141", "url": null}, {"citation": "Denvir, Bernard. <em>The Chronicle of Impressionism: An Intimate Diary of the Lives and World of the Great Artists</em>. London, UK: Thames and Hudson, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wiggins, Colin. <em>Post-Impressionism</em>. London, UK: Dorling Kindersley in association with the Art Institute of Chicago, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogu</em>e. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Distel, Anne.<em> Renoir, \"il faut embellir</em>\". [Paris]: Gallimard, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "House, John, Anthea Callen, and Kathleen Adler. <em>Renoir: Master Impressionist</em>. Sydney, AS: Art Exhibitions Australia, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bothe, Rolf, and Thomas Fo\u0308hl. <em>Aufstieg und Fall der Moderne</em>. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100-101", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 2, p. 530-532", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Runowa\u0304ru: itanji kara kyosho\u0304 e no michi, 1870-1892.</em> Nagoya-shi, Japan: Chu\u0304nichi Shinbunsha, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162-163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jiminez, Jill Berk, and Joanna Banham. <em>Dictionary of Artists' Models</em>. London, UK: Fitzroy Dearborn, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ne\u0301ret, Gilles. <em>Renoir: Painter of Happiness 1841-1919</em>. Ko\u0308ln, DK: Taschen Verlag, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 282; Mentioned: p. 282-283", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shone, Richard. <em>The Janice H. Levin Collection of French Art</em>. New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, James Henry. <em>Impressionist Cats &amp; Dogs: Pets in the Painting of Modern Life</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75, fig. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R., Paul Hayes Tucker, and Natalie Henderson Lee.<em> The Robert Lehman Collection III: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Paintings.</em> New York, N.Y.: Metropolitan Museum of Art in association with Princeton University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Renoir: tradition and innovation</em>. Osaka, JP: Yomiuri Shimbun, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192-193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Loire, Stephane. \"L'Emergence du Paysage a Rome: Entre 1600 et 1650.\" <em>L'Estampille</em> 466 (Mars 2011): 48-57.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lucy, Martha and John House. <em>Renoir in the Barnes Foundation</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Drost, Julia and Alexandre Kostka. Harry Graf Kessler: Portra\u0308t eines europa\u0308ischen Kulturvermittlers. Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, [2015]", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105, plate III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kessler, Harry. <em>Journal: regards sur l'art et les artistes contemporains, 1889-1937.</em> Paris : \u00c9ditions Fondation Maison des sciences de l\u2019homme, [2017].", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Qiuyue, Mao and Mei Yiquin. \u201cFluid Symbols: Hats, Female Identity, and Consumer Culture in Pierre-Auguste Renoir's Paintings.\u201d <em>Mei shu </em>698, (February 2026): 140-148.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 143", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.47", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_web.jpg", "width": "740", "height": "900", "filesize": "319549", "filename": "1958.47_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_print.jpg", "width": "2795", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4929363", "filename": "1958.47_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_full.tif", "width": "11502", "height": "13993", "filesize": "482875736", "filename": "1958.47_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "292870"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4430107"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "16000", "filesize": "576031436"}, "date_created": "2017-05-08T13:44:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "279906"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4152982"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "16000", "filesize": "576030976"}, "date_created": "2017-05-08T14:04:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "893", "filesize": "522508"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2810", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7551180"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.47/1958.47_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4229", "height": "5117", "filesize": "64955128"}, "date_created": "2007-10-15T19:37:28", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135480, "creators": [{"id": 1765, "description": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Renoir's parents, a tailor and a dressmaker, moved their family to Paris in 1844. At age thirteen Renoir apprenticed with the porcelain decorators Levy Fr\u00e8res &amp; Cie. He earned money by painting fans, blinds, and murals for caf\u00e9s. In 1860 he registered to copy Old Master paintings in the Louvre and, the following year, entered the studio of Charles Gleyre (1806-1874), where he met Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Monet (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.). In 1862 he was also accepted at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. With his friends from Gleyre's studio, he began working en plein air and, during a visit to the forest of Fontainebleau, was introduced to Diaz de la Pe\u00f1a (q.v.). After a failed attempt in 1863, Renoir's first painting was accepted at the Salon of 1864, the same year he painted Cleveland's portrait of Romaine Lacaux. More typical of this early period, however, is the painting Diana the Huntress (1867, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), which reveals Courbet's (q.v.) influence. Around 1867 Renoir shared a studio with Bazille and Monet, the latter becoming an important influence on his art. Renoir and Monet's comparable impressionist style during this period is evident in two paintings each made at La grenouill\u00e8re (all four titled La grenouill\u00e8re, 1869: Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, and Pushkin Museum, Moscow [Renoir]; National Gallery, London, and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York [Monet]),1 a bathing establishment on the Seine. After Renoir's military service during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), Monet introduced him to the dealer Durand-Ruel, who began purchasing his works. Renoir's submissions to the Salon were regularly refused, which encouraged him to participate in the first impressionist exhibition in 1874 and the 1875 auction at H\u00f4tel Drouot, where his works were ridiculed by the critics. At the third impressionist exhibition in 1877, he showed Ball at the Moulin de la Galette (1876, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris), in which he addressed a subject of modern life, one of his most characteristic impressionist paintings on a grand scale, with a rich pattern of light and shadow. In 1878 he returned to the Salon and became quite successful, establishing his reputation as a portraitist (1878, Mme Charpentier and her Children, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). He continued to use this official venue for the next several years, declining to exhibit with the impressionists. This decision was partly generated by the fact that his newfound clientele would be more appreciative of his participating in the Salon. He was supported by his patrons, particularly the Charpentiers, owners of a publishing house, whose journal La vie moderne furthered Renoir's reputation. After a trip to North Africa and Italy in 1881, he joined C\u00e9zanne at L'Estaque. Throughout the 1880s and 1890s Renoir traveled extensively through Brittany, Normandy, Provence, and Spain. In the mid-1880s he began to experiment with more linear contours, the application of thinner paint layers, and smoother brush strokes. This so-called Ingresque period, which had a very mixed reception, lasted for about six years. He then reflected upon the achievements of the Old Masters and favored a more fluid style, after which he returned to using broader brush strokes and more vibrant colors. In 1886 he was given a one-man show by Durand-Ruel. By 1900 Renoir was an established artist: he became Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1900 and four years later was honored at the Salon d'Automne with a gallery devoted to his works. Beginning in 1912 he suffered from rheumatism and began using a wheelchair, yet he continued to work until the end of his life. He now often stayed in southern France, where he owned property in Cagnes-sur-Mer. Renoir regularly exhibited his works at the Durand-Ruel and Bernheim-Jeune galleries in Paris, as well as elsewhere in Europe and in the United States.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1841", "death_year": "1919", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1885, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1890", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:00:15.523000"}, {"id": 135595, "accession_number": "1959.138", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nine Songs (\u4e5d\u6b4c\u5716), 1361. Zhang Wo (Chinese, active c.1336\u2013after 1364), calligraphy by Chu Huan (Chinese, active 1361). Handscroll; ink on paper; overall: 28 x 438.2 cm (11 x 172 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1959.138", "current_location": null, "title": "Nine Songs", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e5d\u6b4c\u5716", "creation_date": "1361", "creation_date_earliest": 1361, "creation_date_latest": 1361, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)"], "technique": "handscroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 28 x 438.2 cm (11 x 172 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.28, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 4.382, "width_inch": 172, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "7 colophons and 47 seals: 1 colophon, dated 1361, and 28 seals of Chu Huan \u891a\u5950 (active c. 1361); 1 colophon, dated 1785, and 1 seal of Lu Shihua \u9678\u6642\u5316 (1714-1779); 2 seals of Lu Y\u00fc-ch'ing (18th c.); 1 colophon, dated 1935, of Ye Gongchuo \u8449\u606d\u7dbd (1881-1968); 1 colophon, dated 1935, of Wu Hufan \u5433\u6e56\u5e06(1894\u20131968); 1 colophon, dated 1938, and 1 seal of Wang Tongyu \u738b\u540c\u6108 (1856-1941); 1 colophon, dated 1941, of Wu Huayuan \u5433\u83ef\u6e90 (1893-1972); 1 colophon, dated 1942, and 9 seals of Xu Bangda \u5f90\u90a6\u9054 (1911\u20132012); 1 colophon, dated 1942, of Lang Jingshan  \u90ce\u975c\u5c71 (1892-1995); 1 colophon, dated 1944, of Tang Yun \u5510\u96f2 (1910-1993); 6 seals of Wang Jiqian [C.C. Wang] \u738b\u5b63\u9077 (1907\u20132003).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Text of The Nine Songs written by Chu Huan at the end of each section.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u53f3\uf9ea\u9a37\u4e5d\u6b4c\u5716\uff0c\u5b8b\uf9c4\u6e9f\u5c45\u58eb\uf9e1\u516c\u672c\uff0c\u6dee\u5357\u5f35\u6e25\u53d4\u539a\u6240\u756b\u5999\u7d55\u7576\u4e16\u3002\u5bb6\u85cf\u8acb\u4e88\u66f8\u5176\u8fad\u76ee\uf9fc\u4e8e\u5de6\u3002\u81f3\u6b63\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\uf98e\u8f9b\u919c\u4e09\u6708\u65e6\u6cb3\u5357\u891a\u5950\u8a18\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Colophon and 3 seals by Chu Huan \u891a\u5950: \n\nIn the foregoing is The Nine Songs from Li-sao based on the original of Long ming ju shi [Li Gonglin] and painted by Zhang Wo, t. Shuhou of Huainan. The painting is a wonder unsurpassed in our time. It has been in the family collection of ... who has asked me to write the text. I therefore recorded this as above. Noted by Chu Huan of Henan on the first day of the third month of the xin chou year, the twenty-first year of the Zhizheng era [1361]. \n\n[3 seals] Chu Huan; Shi wen fu yin; Shi xue zhai.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon by Lu Shihua \u9678\u6642\u5316 (1714\u20131789): \n\nThis scroll is fortunate to have been handed down from collections of the right people. Now, after 500 years, its condition is as good as when it was painted. I acquired this from Mr. Shen Guiyu [1673-1769], the President of the Board of Rites. The label is in his handwriting when he was 95 years old. I submit that Chu Huan (t. Shiwen) of the Yuan Dynasty was a native of Qiantang. His \"seal\" and li writings are in the style of Wu Rui. For example, in [Chu Kuei's] Ming ji lu [A list of masterpieces] is recorded the stele commemorating the restoration of the prefectural school of Kun-shan, the text of which was composed by Yang Weizhen in the twenty-first year of Zhizheng [1361]; and the calligraphy as well as the title in li style was by Chu Huan, who was at that time an assistant judge of the prefecture of Haining in the circuit of Hangzhou. Zhang Wo's zi is Shuhou (\u53d4\u539a). His literary name is Zhen Qisheng (\u8d1e\u671f\u751f). According to [Gu Ying's] Yu shan cao tang ya jii, he liked to paint in the bai-miao or the \"pure delineation\" style after the method of Li Longmian [Li Gonglin \u674e\u516c\u9e9f], which finds no peer among the ancient masters. This is agreed upon [by Pei Ch'iung] in his Qing jiang zhi  who praised [Zhang Wo] as being quite learned and well-versed in many branches of the arts, especially figure painting. Recorded by Lu Shihua [The mountain dweller], listening to the pine, in the twelfth month of the yisi year [1785].", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "<i>1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304518, "title": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques", "description": "<i>Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-April 5, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 199339, "title": "Chinese Art in an Age of Revolution: Fu Baoshi (1904\u20131965)", "description": "<i>Chinese Art in an Age of Revolution: Fu Baoshi (1904\u20131965)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 16, 2011-January 8, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231365, "title": "Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections</i>. Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, China (organizer) (November 1, 2012-January 3, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chiao-y\u00fc-pu. </em>[<em>Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji</em> = \u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6 = A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. Nanking Art Gallery, Nanjing, China (April 1-23, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-04-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Mostra D'arte Cinese</em>. Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy (1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Chinese Paintings</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 24, 1968)", "opening_date": "1968-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 122)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 27, 2003-March 10, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Shen Deqian \u6c88\u5fb7\u6f5b [1673\u20131769]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Lu Shihua \u9678\u6642\u5316 [1714\u20131789]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Lin of Ningbo \u56db\u660e\u6797\u6c0f [early 20th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Xu Maoxun \u5f90\u61cb\u52f3 [late 19th\u201320th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Xu Bangda \u5f90\u90a6\u9054 [1911\u20132012]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1937\u20131940s", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(C. C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077 [1907\u20132003], New York, NY,  sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131959", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Divided into eleven sections, the scroll contains illustrations by painter Zhang Wu followed by a transcription of the relevant verse by calligrapher Chu Huan.", "description": "Painted in the <em>baimiao</em>, or fine-line drawing style, this ancient work demonstrates the literati\u2019s use of abstract calligraphic brushwork for self-expression. The subject of the \u201cNine Songs\u201d\u2014songs associated with shamanistic rituals in the ancient Chu kingdom\u2014had traditionally provided artists with myths and legends that they could explore and reinterpret in their own works.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465182"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.138-nine-songs"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lu, Shihua \u9678\u6642\u5316. <em>Wu Yue suo jian shu hua lu: 6 juan </em>\u5433\u8d8a\u6240\u898b\u66f8\u756b\u9304 : \u516d\u5377. Shunde: Teng shi, 1910.", "page_number": "ch. 3, pp. 6(a)-6(b).", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Jiao yu bu di er ci quan guo mei shu zhan lan hui zhuan ji</em> [\u654e\u80b2\u90e8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5168\u570b\u7f8e\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\u6703\u5c08\u96c6 = A special collection of the second National Exhibition of Chinese Art under the auspices of the Ministry of Education]. [Nanjing?]: Shang wu yin shu guan, 1937.", "page_number": "Vol. 1, cat. no. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dubosc, Jean Pierre, and Alberto Giuganino. <em>Mostra D'arte Cinese: Catalogo = Exhibition of Chinese Art: Catalogue</em>. Venezia: Alfieri Editore, 1954.", "page_number": "cat. no. 785", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. <em>Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles</em>. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: IV, 36; VI, pls. 44, 45; VII, Lists, 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chen, Rentao \u9673\u4ec1\u6fe4 [J.D. Chen]. <em>Gu gong yi yi shu hua mu jiao zhu </em>\u6545\u5bae\u5df2\u4f5a\u66f8\u756b\u76ee\u6821\u6ce8. Hong Kong: Dongnan shu ju, 1956.", "page_number": "p. 14(b)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "cat. no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>The Essence of Chinese Painting</em>. London: Lund Humphries, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 60, 61, 100, 101, pls. 10, 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zheng, Zhenduo \u90d1\u632f\u9438. <em>Zhongguo gu dai hui hua xuan ji </em>[\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u7e6a\u756b\u9078\u96c6]. Beijing: Ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n285"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. [Cleveland, OH]: The Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "cat. no. 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n285"}, {"citation": "Barnhart, Richard M. <em>Survivals, Revivals, and the Classical Tradition of Chinese Figure Painting </em>\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u4eba\u7269\u756b\u7684\u907a\u98a8\u8207\u5fa9\u8208\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76. [Taipei]: [National Palace Museum], 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174, fig. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toynbee, Arnold, and Else\u0301 Glahn. <em>Half the World: The History and Culture of China and Japan</em>. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. <em>The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "cat. no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kawakami, Kei \u5ddd\u4e0a\u6d87, Teisuke Toda \u6236\u7530\u798e\u4f51, and Toshio Ebine \u6d77\u8001\u6839\u8070\u90ce. <em>Ryo\u0304 Kai, Indara </em>[\u7cb1\u6977\u30fb\u56e0\u9640\u7f85 = Liang Kai, Yintuoluo]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ko\u0304dansha, Sho\u0304wa 50 [1975].", "page_number": "figs. 4-7, supp. pl. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. <em>Hills Beyond a River: Chinese Painting of the Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. New York: Weatherhill, 1976.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 153, 154, pl. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 346", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n366"}, {"citation": "Oertling, Sewall Jerome. <em>Ting Yu\u0308n-P\u02bceng: A Chinese Artist in the Late Ming Dynasty</em>. PhD dissertation. University of Michigan, 1980.", "page_number": "pp. 170, 180", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 96, pp. 119-122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williams, Marjorie. <em>Chinese Painting--an Escape from the \"Dusty\" World</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Little, Stephen. <em>Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China : the Cleveland Museum of Art, February 10-April 10, 1988</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \u201cPainting the Poetry of the Natural World.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 7 (September 1988): 279\u2013291.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 280, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160039"}, {"citation": "Sugimura, To\u0304 \u6749\u6751\u68df. <em>Isura\u0304mu </em>\u30a4\u30b9\u30e9\u30fc\u30e0. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakukan, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 128, no. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 76-77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murray, Julia K. <em>Mirror of Morality: Chinese Narrative Illustration and Confucian Ideology</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69, fig. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yang, Kathleen \u694a\u51f1\u7433, and Chi-ch\u02bbien Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077. <em>Through a Chinese connoisseur's eye: private notes of C.C. Wang </em>\u738b\u5b63\u9077\u8b80\u66f8\u7b46\u8a18. Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 309, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita, Julia Frances Andrews, Kuiyi Shen, Tamaki Maeda, and Aida Yuen Wong. <em>Chinese art in an age of revolution: Fu Baoshi (1904-1965)</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90, fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tan, Yvonne. \"Masterpieces of Song and Yuan Paintings from American Collections.\" <em>The Asian Art Newspaper: Monthly for Collectors, Dealers, Museums and Galleries </em>(Nov 2012): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Collaboration and Commemoration: Cleveland's Masterpieces at the Shanghai Museum.\" <em>Orientations</em> 43:8 (Nov/Dec 2012): 90\u201395.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 94-95, fig 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shanghai bo wu guan. <em>Han mo hui cui: xi du Meiguo cang Zhongguo Wu dai Song Yuan shu hua zhen pin</em> [\u7ff0\u58a8\u8588\u8403: \u7ec6\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u85cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e94\u4ee3\u5b8b\u5143\u4e66\u753b\u73cd\u54c1 = Masterpieces of early Chinese painting and calligraphy in American collections]. Beijing: Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat no. 44, pp. 397-379", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zhang, Hongxing, Lizhong Ling, Masaaki Itakura, Charles Mason, Shane McCausland, Camille Schmitt, Clarissa von Spee, and Roderick Whitfield. <em>Masterpieces of Chinese Painting, 700-1900</em>. London: V &amp; A Publishing, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 104\u2013105, fig. 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung.<em> Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 157\u2013163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lu, Elisabeth A. Jung. <em>Ru jia jing shen yu Nan chao feng liu de jiao hui: Bei Qi shi ke shu fa chuan tong de yuan liu he chuan bo </em>[\u5112\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\u8207\u5357\u671d\u98a8\u6d41\u7684\u4ea4\u6703 : \u5317\u9f4a\u77f3\u523b\u66f8\u6cd5\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6e90\u6d41\u548c\u50b3\u64ad (550-577) = When Confucian spirit meets Southern elegance: the origins and transmission of calligraphic traditions carved in stone during the Northern Qi dynasty (550-577)]<em>.</em> Hangzhou Shi: Zhejiang ren min mei shu chu ban she, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. II, pp. 360\u2013361, fig. 2.32", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.138", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.138/1959.138_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "36", "filesize": "38395", "filename": "1959.138_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.138/1959.138_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "136", "filesize": "160627", 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Egypt, Fustat (Old Cairo), Fatimid period (909\u20131171). Earthenware with luster-painted design; diameter: 25.4 cm (10 in.); overall: 6.8 cm (2 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.476", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Luster Bowl with Antelope", "creation_date": "1000s", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1099, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Fustat (Old Cairo), Fatimid period (909\u20131171)"], "technique": "earthenware with luster-painted design", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 25.4 cm (10 in.); Overall: 6.8 cm (2 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.254, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "overall": {"height": 0.068, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312146, "title": "Islamic Art", "description": "<i>Islamic Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1944-February 2, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-11-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312068, "title": "For Modern America from the Ancient Near East", "description": "<i>For Modern America from the Ancient Near East</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-March 21, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Arts of Islam</em>. The Arts Council of Great Britain, Hayward Gallery, London, UK (April 8-July 4, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Dikran G. Kelekian [1867\u20131951], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131944", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The luster technique was transmitted by Iraqi potters to the Fatimid court in Cairo.", "description": "The production of lusterware flourished in the prosperous Fatimid court in Cairo. The technique used metal oxides to paint designs onto a ceramic vessel. It was expensive and unpredictable but, if done correctly, would create a glistening effect. Fatimid lusterware motifs are quite varied, drawing on Greek and Christian themes, floral and vegetal designs, and a menagerie of animals. Some scenes focus on a single creature, as is the case with the antelope on this dish, while others evoke courtly themes of hunting or banquets.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757889"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.476-luster-bowl-with-ant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cossi\u0301o, Manuel B., and Jose\u0301 Pijoa\u0301n. <em>Summa artis, historia general del arte</em>. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1931.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cox, Warren E. <em>The Book of Pottery and Porcelain</em>. New York: L. Lee and Shepard Co.; distributed by Crown Publishers, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Islamic Art: Selected Examples from the Loan Exhibition of Islamic Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32", "url": "https://archive.org/details/IslamicArtCMA/page/n42"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cTwo Fus\u1e6d\u0101\u1e6d Bowls.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 32, no. 6, 1945, pp. 92, 94\u201395.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92; Mentioned: pp. 94\u201395", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141214"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 701", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n128"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n234"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 210", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n234"}, {"citation": "Jones, Dalu and George Michell. <em>The Arts of Islam: Hayward Gallery, 8 April-4 July 1976</em>. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 219", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 266", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n286"}, {"citation": "Brett, Michael, and Werner Forman. <em>The Moors: Islam in the West</em>. London: Orbis Pub, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 24, fig. 26", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.476", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.476/1944.476_web.jpg", "width": "992", "height": "893", "filesize": "117030", "filename": "1944.476_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.476/1944.476_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3062", "filesize": "1120484", "filename": "1944.476_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.476/1944.476_full.tif", "width": "6320", "height": "5692", "filesize": "107948572", "filename": "1944.476_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.476/1944.476_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "803", "filesize": "66273"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.476/1944.476_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2161", "filesize": "458186"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.476/1944.476_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5872", "height": "3733", "filesize": "65793436"}, "date_created": "2012-08-06T17:25:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123967, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-12-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1000s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pottery Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:10.908000"}, {"id": 124076, "accession_number": "1944.79", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Coronation of the Virgin, 1420s. Fra Angelico (Italian, 1400\u20131455). Tempera and gold on wood panel; framed: 45.5 x 51.5 x 8.5 cm (17 15/16 x 20 1/4 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 27 x 37.2 cm (10 5/8 x 14 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.79", "current_location": "110A Italian Gothic", "title": "Coronation of the Virgin", "creation_date": "1420s", "creation_date_earliest": 1420, "creation_date_latest": 1429, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 15th century"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 45.5 x 51.5 x 8.5 cm (17 15/16 x 20 1/4 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 27 x 37.2 cm (10 5/8 x 14 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.455, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.515, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.085, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.27, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.372, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355548, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: The Rise of the Landscape in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: The Rise of the Landscape in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9-September 26, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 206256, "title": "Fra Angelico", "description": "<i>Fra Angelico</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 24, 2005-January 30, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-10-24T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1936).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Count Alessandro Contini-Bonacossi (1878-1955), Rome, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1924", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Francis F. Prentiss (1865\u20131944), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924-1944", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Since its acquisition in 1944 the authorship of this painting has been updated from the workshop of Fra Angelico to the master himself.", "description": "This picture\u2019s original use is uncertain. Its size and shape are appropriate for a predella (the pedestal portion of an altarpiece), which often consists of several small panels. However, the Coronation of the Virgin almost never appears on predellas. The panel\u2019s minute detail and rich finish suggest it may have been an object for private devotion. This is believed to be an early work by Fra Angelico, whose real name was Guido di Pietro, a Dominican monk in Florence. Here, an angel holds the Virgin\u2019s train while she kneels to receive the crown offered by Christ. The scene glimmers with gold; the thrones are draped with starry tapestries, the walls are hung with gold cloth, and Christ himself radiates light.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515026"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.79-coronation-of-the-vi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [New York]: [The Art news], 1936.", "page_number": "cat. no. 112", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [11], Plate I, cat. no. 1; Mentioned: p. 21, cat. no. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cPaintings in the Prentiss Bequest.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 31, no. 6 (1944)", "page_number": "p. 87", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141132"}, {"citation": "Angelico, and John Wyndham Pope-Hennessy<em>. Fra Angelico</em>. New York: Phaidon Publishers; distributed by Garden City Books, 1952.", "page_number": "p. 197", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cGothic Art 1360-1440.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963).", "page_number": "cat. no. 79", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings Before 1500</em>. Cleveland: The Museum, 1974. .", "page_number": "cat no. 14, p. 41-42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bonsanti, Giorgio, and Angelico.<em> Beato Angelico: catalogo completo.</em> Firenze: Octavo, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 115-116, cat. no. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kanter, Laurence B., Angelico, Pia Palladino, and Magnolia Scudieri. <em>Fra Angelico.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 9, no. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Angelico, Magnolia Scudieri, and Sara Giacomelli.<em> Fra Giovanni Angelico: pittore miniatore o miniatore pittore?</em> Firenze: Giunti, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 45, fig. 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schumacher, Andreas, et. al. <em>Florentiner Malerei: Alte Pinakothek : die Gema\u0308lde des 14. bis 16. Jahrhunderts.</em> [M\u00fcnchen]: Alte Pinakothek; Berlin: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 230, Abb. 11.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quene\u0301, Saskia C., and Angelico. Goldgrund und Perspektive: Fra Angelico im Glanz des Quattrocento. Berlin : Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 70-71, figs. 7 & 8", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.79", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.79/1944.79_web.jpg", "width": "1241", "height": "893", "filesize": "1054996", "filename": "1944.79_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.79/1944.79_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2447", "filesize": "7963282", "filename": "1944.79_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.79/1944.79_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "3959", "filesize": "65355892", "filename": "1944.79_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mr. and Mrs. Michael J. Horvitz Gallery", "athena_id": 124076, "creators": [{"id": 62778, "description": "Fra Angelico (Italian, 1400\u20131455)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1400", "death_year": "1455", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1420, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1420s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:46.003000"}, {"id": 142647, "accession_number": "1966.371", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Vicarello Goblet, 25 BCE\u201325 CE. Italy, Vicarello (ancient Aquae Apollinares), Roman, Augustan period. Silver; overall: 12.2 x 7.8 cm (4 13/16 x 3 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1966.371", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "The Vicarello Goblet", "creation_date": "25 BCE\u201325 CE", "creation_date_earliest": -25, "creation_date_latest": 25, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Vicarello (ancient Aquae Apollinares), Roman, Augustan period"], "technique": "silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 12.2 x 7.8 cm (4 13/16 x 3 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.122, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.078, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 444253, "title": "Silver for the Gods: 800 Years of Greek and Roman Silver", "description": "<i>Silver for the Gods: 800 Years of Greek and Roman Silver</i>. The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (organizer) (October 8-November 20, 1977); The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (December 11, 1977-January 22, 1978); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (February 18-April 2, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-10-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "<i>Collecting Drawings in England</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir William Drake, F.S.A. (1817-1890), London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1867 or after-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Baron Edmond de Rothschild (1845-1934), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1912", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "[Auction: Christie's, London, (1966 APR 05), no. 12]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This silver cup was found north of Rome at Vicarello (ancient Aquae Apollinares), probably in 1862.", "description": "This masterpiece of the Roman silversmith\u2019s art is exquisitely worked in relief. The multifigure scene centers on a rustic shrine of the ithyphallic fertility god Priapus, son of Dionysos. He takes the form of a stylized boundary marker atop a column, where a woman seems to have brought him to life by touching him. To the left sits a table with votive offerings to the god. Flanking the shrine are a satyr and maenad, dancing ecstatically.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742207"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.371-the-vicarello-goblet"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Otto Jahn, <em>Archiologische Zeitung</em> XXV (Berlin, 1867).", "page_number": "pp.  78-82, pl. CCXXV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lie\u0300vre, Ed, Bracquemond, Courtry, and Flameng.<em> Works of Art in the Collections of England. Engr.</em> London: [s.n.], 1874.", "page_number": "pl XLVIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reinach, Salomon.<em> Re\u0301pertoire de reliefs grecs et romains.</em> Paris: E. Leroux, 1912.", "page_number": "II, 301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daremberg, Charles Victor, and Edm Saglio.<em> Dictionnaire des antiquite\u0301s Grecques et Romains d'apre\u0300s les textes et les monuments. </em>Paris: Hachette, 1926.", "page_number": "IV, pt. 2, p. 1479", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson &amp; Woods<em>. Important English, Continental and Islamic, Medieval, Renaissance and Other Works of Art</em>. 1966.", "page_number": "no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"The Vicarello Goblet.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 2 (1967).", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152141"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n46"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n48"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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May the sufferings of the six kinds of beings be appeased through the blessing of merit gained by me, the little monk of Ngan.lam, in having this statue of the Lama Rin.chen made.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(David Tremayne, Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1993", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1993-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This portrait statue depicts the first monastic leader of the prominent Buddhist monastery of Densatil, an influential early leader of the Tibetan Buddhist monastic order called Kagyu, famous for his views on the importance of meditation. 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Metalpoint; sheet: 25.6 x 14.6 cm (10 1/16 x 5 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1958.411", "current_location": null, "title": "Saint Sebastian", "creation_date": "c. 1493", "creation_date_earliest": 1488, "creation_date_latest": 1498, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 15th century"], "technique": "metalpoint", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper prepared with gray ground, lined with beige(1) laid paper (with additional residual layers partially removed)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 25.6 x 14.6 cm (10 1/16 x 5 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.256, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.146, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304283, "title": "Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 15-December 4, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 215237, "title": "Perugino:  Master of the Italian Renaissance", "description": "<i>Perugino:  Master of the Italian Renaissance</i>. Grand Rapids Art Museum, Grand Rapids, MI (organizer) (November 16, 1997-February 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281457, "title": "Michelangelo: Mind of the Master", "description": "<i>Michelangelo: Mind of the Master</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2019-January 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Comte Josef von Fries, Vienna", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Comte Moriz von Fries, Vienna, 1777-1826 (Lugt 2903)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "around 1820?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Possibly A. Ritter von Franck, Vienna, 1808-1884 (his sale, 4-5 December, 1889)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1889", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Princes of Liechtenstein, Vaduz", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Private collection, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1958", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "with Herbert N. Bier, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The elegant pose of Saint Sebastian here was used by the artist in at least two finished paintings of the saint.", "description": "The Florentine painter Perugino made drawings to record figural types and poses that could be repeated throughout his finished paintings. He used the elegant, graceful figure seen here, with its soft athletic body and upwardly turned gaze, in at least two paintings of the 3rd-century martyr Saint Sebastian (the related paintings are now in the collection of the Galleria degli Uffizi, and the Louvre). Sebastian was shot with arrows after being exposed as a Christian convert; he was particularly revered during the Renaissance as a protector against illness such as the plague. Portrayal of the saint required Perugino to express his knowledge of human anatomy, while evoking the gentle s-curve associated with classical sculpture. Drawn with metalpoint, a typical drawing medium in the 1400s, the reinforced lines along the contour of the figure indicate that it was probably used by the artist or by one of his many studio assistants to transfer the design to another sheet.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80028613"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.411-saint-sebastian"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Marle, Raimond van, and Charlotte van Marle. <em>The Development of the Italian Schools of Painting.</em> The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1923.", "page_number": "vol 14, pp. 396, 538", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 46, no. 10 (1959): 210-31.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 231-32; Reproduced: p. 232", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142366."}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, July-September, 1959,\" Art Quarterly XXII, no. 4 (Winter, 1959): pp. 385-394.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 296", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moskowitz, Ira, and Victoria Thorson. <em>Great Drawings of All Time. </em>New York: Shorewood Publishers, 1962.", "page_number": "vol 1, no. 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \"Three Early Italian Drawings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 7 (1962): 167-74.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 170-72", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151904."}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cTwo Italian Drawings,\u201d August 20, 1962, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0993"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n107"}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland:</em> Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n107"}, {"citation": "<em>L'opera Completa Del Perugino; Presentazione Di Carlo Castellaneta; Apparati Critici E Filologici Di Ettore Camesasca.</em> Milan: Rizzoli, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aymar, Brandt. <em>The Young Male Figure: In Paintings, Sculptures, and Drawings, from Ancient Egypt to the Present.</em> New York: Crown Publishers, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P. <em>Florence and the Arts; Five Centuries of Patronage.</em> 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n115"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 33-35, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scarpellini, Pietro. <em>Perugino</em>. Milano: Electa, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L., and Edward J. Olszewski. <em>Drawings in Midwestern Collections: A Corpus. Vol 1. The Early Works.</em> Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 17, pp. 84-90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Becherer, Joseph Antenucci, and Katherine R. Smith Abbott. <em>Pietro Perugino: Master of the Italian Renaissance. </em>New York: Rizzoli International, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 4, pp. 149-151, pp. 240-43", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 3, pp. 24-25, p. 283; Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.411", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.411/1958.411_web.jpg", "width": "513", "height": "893", "filesize": "366374", "filename": "1958.411_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.411/1958.411_print.jpg", "width": "1953", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5879265", "filename": "1958.411_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.411/1958.411_full.tif", "width": "3377", "height": "5877", "filesize": "59565748", "filename": "1958.411_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.411/1958.411_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "521", "height": "893", "filesize": "83633"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.411/1958.411_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1982", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1350128"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.411/1958.411_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3650", "height": "6259", "filesize": "68559648"}, "date_created": "2012-02-07T15:26:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.411/1958.411_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "510", "height": "893", "filesize": "315452"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.411/1958.411_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1169", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1814999"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.411/1958.411_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1169", "height": "2048", "filesize": "7184860"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135407, "creators": [{"id": 8212, "description": "Perugino (Italian, c. 1450/55\u20131523)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1450", "death_year": "1523", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1488, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1493", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-05 11:14:54.368000"}, {"id": 112857, "accession_number": "1931.450", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Harpist, mid-700s. North China, Tang dynasty (618-907). Glazed earthenware; overall: 32.1 cm (12 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1931.450", "current_location": "239 Chinese Ceramics and Metalwork", "title": "Harpist", "creation_date": "mid-700s", "creation_date_earliest": 740, "creation_date_latest": 760, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["North China, Tang dynasty (618-907)"], "technique": "glazed earthenware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Tang Dynasty", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 32.1 cm (12 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.321, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355338, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2, 1945-February 4, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-10-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 30-September 5, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Robert Rousset [1901\u20131982], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131931", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The angular harp, like the one held by this musician, occupied a prominent position in the court orchestras by the mid-eighth century.", "description": "After four centuries of political turmoil and social disorder, a reunited China during the first half of the Tang Dynasty (618\u2013906) was an age of unprecedented prosperity and vitality. Figurines placed in Tang tombs give a vivid glimpse of everyday life. The elegant earthenware ladies in various hairstyles, costumes, and activities suggest the fashions of the time.<br><br>This lady musician is seated on a circular plinth, playing a harp balanced on her right thigh. The plump face has well-defined features, with straight nose, pursed lips, and round cheeks. Her hair is drawn into a coiled chignon over the forehead. A long, high-waisted robe flows down to her shoes' upturned tips.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750025"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.450-harpist"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sir\u00e9n, Osvald. :Stilentwicklung der Chinesischen Grabfguren.\" <em>Wiener Beitrage in Kunst and Kultur Asiens</em>, Band VI,<em> </em>1931.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard C. \u201cA T\u2019ang Dynasty Tomb Figure.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 19, no. 1 (January 1932): 7\u20138 and 2.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 7\u20138; Reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137441"}, {"citation": "Cox, Warren E. <em>The Book of Pottery and Porcelain</em>. New York: L. Lee and Shepard Co.; distributed by Crown Publishers, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: I, pl. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 828", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n147"}, {"citation": "Ono, Katsutoshi \u5c0f\u91ce\u52dd\u5e74. <em>Chu\u0304goku 4. Zui To\u0304</em> [\u4e2d\u56fd\u968b\u30fb\u5510 = China, 4. Sui and T'ang dynasties]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Kadokawa Shoten, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279, fig. no. 361", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Munro, Thomas. <em>Oriental Aesthetics</em>. Cleveland: Press of Western Reserve University, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. V, facing p. 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 251", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n275"}, {"citation": "Aida, Yu\u0304ji \u4f1a\u7530\u96c4\u6b21. <em>Sekai rekishi shiri\u0304zu</em> [\u4e16\u754c\u6b74\u53f2\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba]. vol. 7 <em>Daito\u0304 no han'ei </em>[\u5927\u5510\u306e\u7e41\u6804 = The prosperity of the Great Tang]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sekai Bunkasha, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 251", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n275"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 332", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n352"}, {"citation": "<em>Ancient Chinese Sculpture</em>. London: Eskenazi, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Watson, William.<em> L'art de l'ancienne Chine</em>. Paris: Mazenod, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: colorplate no. 52 and pl. 409, p. 418", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 385, fig. 374", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 99, pp. 93 and 95", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Watson, William. <em>Tang and Liao Ceramics</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1984.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 209", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Des Forges, Roger V., and John S. Major. <em>The Asian World, 600-1500</em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 19", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.450", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.450/1931.450_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "893", "filesize": "57957", "filename": "1931.450_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.450/1931.450_print.jpg", "width": "2344", "height": "3400", "filesize": "743394", "filename": "1931.450_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.450/1931.450_full.tif", "width": "4702", "height": "6818", "filesize": "96203180", "filename": "1931.450_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.450/1931.450_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "893", "filesize": "55441"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.450/1931.450_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2500", "height": "3400", "filesize": "698495"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.450/1931.450_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5063", "height": "6883", "filesize": "104576464"}, "date_created": "2012-08-28T18:44:16", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112857, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-11-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 740, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid-700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:56:46.807000"}, {"id": 142384, "accession_number": "1966.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Predella Panel from an Altarpiece: St. Catherine of Siena Invested with the Dominican Habit, 1460s. Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, c. 1403\u20131482). Tempera and gold on wood panel; framed: 35.6 x 29.5 x 4.5 cm (14 x 11 5/8 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 28.9 x 23 cm (11 3/8 x 9 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1966.2", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Predella Panel from an Altarpiece: St. Catherine of Siena Invested with the Dominican Habit", "creation_date": "1460s", "creation_date_earliest": 1460, "creation_date_latest": 1469, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Siena"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 35.6 x 29.5 x 4.5 cm (14 x 11 5/8 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 28.9 x 23 cm (11 3/8 x 9 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.356, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.295, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.289, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.23, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 423540, "title": "Lust und Verlust: K\u00f6lner Sammler zwischen Trikolore und Preussenadler (Joy and Loss: Cologne Collectors between the tricolore and the Prussian eagle)", "description": "<i>Lust und Verlust: K\u00f6lner Sammler zwischen Trikolore und Preussenadler (Joy and Loss: Cologne Collectors between the tricolore and the Prussian eagle)</i>. Josef Haubrich Kunsthalle (October 24, 1995-January 14, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 230600, "title": "Sanctity Pictured: The Art of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders in Renaissance Italy", "description": "<i>Sanctity Pictured: The Art of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders in Renaissance Italy</i>. Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (organizer) (October 31, 2014-January 25, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-10-31T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "S. Maria della Scala, Siena", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1461-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Johann Anton Ramboux, Cologne (bought in Siena, c. 1838)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1838-1867", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Cologne Sale May 1867)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1867", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "A. Muller, Dusseldorf, sold to the Hohenzollern Family", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1867", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Hohenzollern family, Sigmaringen", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1920", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Baron Adolphe Stoclet, Brussels", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1921-1966", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(R. Heinemann, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 142559, "description": "St. Catherine of Siena and the Beggar, 1460s. Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, c. 1403\u20131482). Tempera and gold on wood; framed: 35.6 x 35.7 x 4.5 cm (14 x 14 1/16 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 28.7 x 28.9 cm (11 5/16 x 11 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1966.3", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Saint Dominic can be identified by his black and white habit and the lilies he holds.", "description": "Saint Catherine (1347\u20131380) was the daughter of a prosperous Sienese cloth dyer. At the age of six, she saw a vision of Christ and thereafter dedicated herself to chastity, penance, and good works. She became extremely popular in Siena when she selflessly cared for the sick and dying victims of the bubonic plague, known as the Black Death. These panels were once part of a predella (or pedestal) of a large altarpiece painted for the Hospital Church of Siena. The main scene of this altarpiece, showing the Presentation of Christ in the Temple (now preserved in Siena) was ordered by the Pork Butchers Guild (the Pizzicaiuoli) in 1447. The predella was added later when Catherine was canonized in 1461. In the first panel she kneels before an altar and reaches up to choose from the monastic garments offered by Saints Dominic, Augustine, and Francis, all founders of religious orders. Catherine takes the habit of Saint Dominic, which she wore as the founder of the Sisters of Penance. The second panel shows, at the right, Saint Catherine giving her cloak to a threadbare beggar. The beggar was really Christ in disguise, and at the left he returns the cloak to her. For this act of charity, the cloak perpetually protected its wearer from the cold.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469561"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.2-predella-panel-from"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Freuler, Gaudenz. \"Ku\u0308nder der wunderbaren Dinge\": fru\u0308he italienische Malerei aus Sammlungen in der Schweiz und in Liechtenstein. Lugano-Castagnola: Fondazione Thyssen-Bornemisza, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ramboux, Johann Anton. Catalog der nachgelassenen Kunst-Sammlungen des Herrn Johann Anton Ramboux Versteigerung zu C\u00f6ln am 23. Mai 1867 durch J. M. Heberle (H. Lempertz). 1867.", "page_number": "lots 113, 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n83"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1424"}, {"citation": "De Fernandez-Gimenez, Elizabeth Ourusoff. \"Giovanni Di Paolo: The Life of St. Catherine of Siena.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 4 (1967).", "page_number": "pp. 103-10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152153"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n83"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Louise d' Argencourt, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art,</em> 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 104-110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 38A, p. 105 - 110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Christiansen, Keith, Laurence B. Kanter, and Carl Brandon Strehlke. <em>Painting in Renaissance Siena, 1420-1500.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 224-228", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklo\u0301s, Serena Padovani, and Irene Martin. E<em>arly Italian Painting: 1290-1470</em>. London: Published by Philip Wilson Publishers for Sotheby's Publications, 1990.", "page_number": "pp. 104-112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krischel, Roland, Susanne Blo\u0308cker, Frank Gu\u0308nter Zehnder, and Hiltrud Kier. <em>Lust und Verlust: Kolner Sammler zwischen Trikolore und Preussenadler.</em> Koln: Wienand, 1995.", "page_number": "p. CXII-III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Warr, Cordelia. \"Clothing, Charity, Salvatio and Visionary Experience in Fifteenth-Century Siena.\" <em>Art History: Journal of the Association of Art Historians.</em> 27:2, April 2004", "page_number": "Fig. 1.1, p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Raymond, and Josef Schwarzbauer. <em>33 Jahre fu\u0308r Christus: die Legenda Maior ; das Leben der hl. Caterina von Siena</em>. Kleinhain: Verlag St. Josef, 2006", "page_number": "p. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Genovese, Veleria E. \"Postille Messinesi: Il Golgota di Gualtieri Sicamino e il dono per Polidoro da Caravaggio\" <em>Annali della Scuola normale superiore di Pisa, Classe di lettere e filosofia</em>. Pisa: La Scuola, (Serie 5 2011, 3/2)", "page_number": "p. 616", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kennedy, Trinita, Donal Cooper, Holly Flora, Trinita Kennedy, Amy Neff, and Janet Robson. S<em>anctity Pictured: The Art of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders in Renaissance Italy</em>. 2014.", "page_number": "cat. no. 42a, p. 186", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dwyer Modestini, Dianne, and Mario Modestini. <em>Masterpieces: Based on a Manuscript by Mario Modestini</em>. Fiesole (Firenze) : Cadmo, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 323-324; Reproduced: p. 324, figures X and XI", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.2/1966.2_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "557473", "filename": "1966.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.2/1966.2_print.jpg", "width": "2683", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7905116", "filename": "1966.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.2/1966.2_full.tif", "width": "3945", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59208772", "filename": "1966.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142384, "creators": [{"id": 2181, "description": "Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, c. 1403\u20131482)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1403", "death_year": "1482", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1460, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1460s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:18:10.250000"}, {"id": 134703, "accession_number": "1957.22", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lime Dipper, c. 1\u2013800 CE. Colombia, Calima region, Yotoco style. Gold; overall: 25.6 cm (10 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1957.22", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Lime Dipper", "creation_date": "c. 1\u2013800 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Colombia, Calima region, Yotoco style"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 25.6 cm (10 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.256, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 517921, "title": "The Gold of Ancient America", "description": "<i>The Gold of Ancient America</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (December 1, 1968-January 18, 1969); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 1-March 9, 1969); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (March 24-April 20, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-12-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; March 4-April 6, 1958.  \"In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.,\" cat. no. 168, repro in black and white.", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dallas, TX: Neiman-Marcus Co.; October 19-31, 1959. \"South American Fortnight.\" no. 29.", "opening_date": "1931-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23-April 3, 1966.  \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, MA: The Museum of Fine Arts Boston; December 5, 1968- January 12, 1969. Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Chicago; February 4- March 9, 1969. Richmond, VA: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts; March 24- April 20, 1969.  \"The Gold of Ancient America.\" cat. no. 43.", "opening_date": "1969-02-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Coca-leaf chewing was a widespread ritual in ancient South America. Utensils included a container and a dipper or spoon for powdered lime (made from seashells), added to the coca to enhance its gentle, stimulating effect. Colombian cultures are especially known for transforming these utensils into works of art made of precious metal.\r\n\r\nThe image on the tallest dipper is wonderfully complex. A serpent coils at the bottom, beneath a\r\nsnarling animal with a huge, vertical tail. This animal has a tiny monkey on its back; the monkey also has a huge tail, which rests on the first animal's head like a headdress. This intricate image was created with the lost-wax casting process.\r\n", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740328"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.22-lime-dipper"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.22", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_web.jpg", "width": "625", "height": "893", "filesize": "272542", "filename": "1957.22_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_print.jpg", "width": "1434", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1620168", "filename": "1957.22_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_full.tif", "width": "1434", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8813956", "filename": "1957.22_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "574", "height": "893", "filesize": "164947"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2184", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3106515"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4226", "height": "6577", "filesize": "83419524"}, "date_created": "2011-10-25T15:37:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "560", "height": "893", "filesize": "158833"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2134", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3006457"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4134", "height": "6586", "filesize": "81714828"}, "date_created": "2011-10-25T15:54:38", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "550", "height": "893", "filesize": "159649"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2095", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2988052"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.22/1957.22_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4062", "height": "6590", "filesize": "80339484"}, "date_created": "2011-10-25T15:57:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 134703, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1\u2013800 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:52:53.451000"}, {"id": 135434, "accession_number": "1958.43", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Head of a Boy, 1905\u20136. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973). Possibly tempera on board; sheet: 24.6 x 18.6 cm (9 11/16 x 7 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.43. \u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York\r\n", "current_location": null, "title": "Head of a Boy", "creation_date": "1905\u20136", "creation_date_earliest": 1905, "creation_date_latest": 1906, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "Possibly tempera on board", "support_materials": [{"description": "board, laid down on wood and cradled", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Spanish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 24.6 x 18.6 cm (9 11/16 x 7 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.246, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.186, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of  Pablo Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York\r\n", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in paint: Picasso / 905\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312428, "title": "Expressionism and Related Movements", "description": "<i>Expressionism and Related Movements</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 26-February 28, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300763, "title": "Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art", "description": "<i>Years of Ferment: The Birth of Twentieth-century Art</i>. Frederick S. Wight Art Gallery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (January 24-March 7, 1965); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, CA (March 28-May 16, 1965); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 14-August 22, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361475, "title": "Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude Stein and Her Family", "description": "<i>Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude Stein and Her Family</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (December 19, 1970-March 1, 1971).", "opening_date": "1970-12-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301789, "title": "In Memoriam - Pablo Picasso, 1881 - 1973", "description": "<i>In Memoriam - Pablo Picasso, 1881 - 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 10-May 7, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338874, "title": "Small Paintings from Famous Collections", "description": "<i>Small Paintings from Famous Collections</i>. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (April 4-June 7, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-04-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 212240, "title": "The Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso and the Parisian Avant-Garde", "description": "<i>The Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso and the Parisian Avant-Garde</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (February 21-June 3, 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 317581, "title": "Picasso and Paper", "description": "<i>Picasso and Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (December 8, 2024-March 23, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-12-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Picasso Before 1907: Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Public Education Association</em>. Knoedler Galleries, New York (October 15 - November 8, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>20 Years in the Evolution of Picasso, 1903 - 1923</em>. Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co., Inc., New York (November 1 - November 20, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Gertrude Stein [1874-1946], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1907-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Horst Bohrmann [1906-1999], Berlin", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Jacques Doucet [1853-1929], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., Inc., New York, sold to Leonard C. Hanna, Jr., Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1937", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1937-1957", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This Picasso drawing was once owned by the American writer Gertrude Stein (1874\u20131946); a photograph of her apartment in Paris taken around 1907 shows the work hanging there.", "description": "Created during Pablo Picasso's Rose Period (1904\u20136), this drawing features a warm palette and thin delicate lines. It might have been created during a summer that Picasso spent in G\u00f3sol, a Catalan village in the Spanish Pyrenees. The sheet presents an adolescent with pensive lips, almond-shaped eyes, and a dreamy expression\u2014all characteristics that recur throughout the artist's depictions of figures around this time. Picasso began with a layer of pink opaque paint, allowing the color to give the boy's skin a warm tone that contrasts with the gray used to delineate his head. The subject's skull and jaw were then carefully modeled using a darker tone in roughly applied marks. The close-up view\u2014stark in the present drawing\u2014was later reused in Picasso's 1906 painting <em>The Two Brothers</em> (Kunstmuseum Basel), in which a nude adolescent carries a young boy on his back.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762120"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dumas, Ann. \"The Rose Period.\" In <em>Picasso and Paper</em>. William H. Robinson, et al., 80-101. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 94, cat. no. 66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zervos, Christian.<em> Pablo Picasso. Vol. 1: Oeuvres de 1895 \u00e0 1906</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions 'Cahiers d'art,' 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 135, xlvii, no. 303", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>20 Years in the Evolution of Picasso, 1903-1923</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Jacques Seligmann, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jewell, Edward Allen. \"An Overwhelming Week: A Full Half Hundred Shows, From Picasso to Academism, Inundate the Galleries.\" <em>New York Times </em>(November 7, 1937): 10X.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 10x", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Picasso Before 1907: Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Public Education Association</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Knoedler Galleries, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chessex, Jacques, and Francis Ponge. <em>Dessins de Pablo Picasso: e\u0301poques bleue et rose</em>. Lausanne: Mermod, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74; Reproduced: no. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seligman, Germain. <em>Merchants of Art, 1880-1960: Eighty Years of Professional Collecting</em>. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: plate 92", "url": null}, {"citation": "UCLA Art Council. <em>Years of Ferment; The Birth of Twentieth Century Art 1886-1914.</em> [Los Angeles]: [UCLA Art Council], 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 37, no. 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys and Paolo Lecaldano. <em>The Complete Painting of Picasso: Blue and Rose Periods</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108, no. 256", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 195", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n219"}, {"citation": "<em>Four Americans in Paris: The Collections of Gertrude Stein and Her Family.</em> Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 91, 166, plate 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n261"}, {"citation": "Palau i Fabre, Josep. <em>Picasso: The Early Years 1881-1907</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 444-445, 880; Reproduced: p. 445, no. 1231", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Small Paintings from Famous Collections</em>. Cincinnati: Taft Museum, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre, Georges Boudaille, and Joan Rosselet. <em>Picasso 1900-1906: catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'oeuvre peint</em>. Neucha\u0302tel: Editions Ides et Calendes, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 294, no. XV.7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, John. <em>A Life of Picasso</em>. Vol. 1, 1881-1906. New York: Random House, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 324", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H., ed. <em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rivero, Nu\u0301ria. <em>Picasso, 1905-1906: From the Rose Period to the Ochres of Go\u0301sol.</em> Exh. Cat. Barcelona: Museu Picasso, in association with Electa, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 264", "url": null}, {"citation": "Geelhaar, Christian. <em>Picasso: Wegbereiter und Fo\u0308rderer seines Aufstiegs 1899-1939</em>. Zu\u0308rich: Palladion, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 26; Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mailer, Norman. <em>Portrait of Picasso As a Young Man: An Interpretive Biography</em>. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7, pp. 228-229, 296; Reproduced: p. 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane. \"The Evolution of a Collection: Drawings in Cleveland.\" <em>Master Drawings</em> 38, no. 3 (Fall 2000).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 255", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane. \"Immediate Inspiration.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>40, no. 7 (September 2000): 4-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2000-07/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Belloli, Lucy. \"Los Paintings beneath Picasso's <em>La Coiffure</em>.\" <em>Metropolitan Museum Journal </em>40 (2005): 151-161.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 156; Reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Belloli, Lucy. \"Lost Paintings beneath Picasso's <em>La Coiffure.</em>\" Metropolitan Museum Journal 40 (2005): 151-161.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 156-160; Reproduced: p. 158", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., Jordi Falga\u0300s, Carmen Belen Lord, and Josefina Alix Trueba. <em>Barcelona and Modernity: Picasso, Gaudi\u0301, Miro\u0301, Dali\u0301.</em> [Cleveland, OH]: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 240, fig. 3, no. 6.6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bishop, Janet C., et al. <em>The Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde</em>. Exh. Cat. San Francisco: Museum of Modern Art, in association with Yale University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 119, no. 294", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Picasso's Paintings, Watercolors, Drawings, and Sculpture: A Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue, 1885-1973: The Rose Period, 1905-1906</em>. San Francisco: Alan Wofsy Fine Arts, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 201", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Zervos I.303; Sutton/Lecaldano 256; Daix, Boudaille, Rosselet XV.7; Palau i Fabre 1231; PP 1906-122", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.43", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135434, "creators": [{"id": 2160, "description": "Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1881-1973), the most prolific and influential artist of the 20th century, shifted the emphasis of art from its traditional concern with beauty toward radical innovation. The son of an art teacher, Picasso demonstrated remarkable talents as a child and entered the royal art academy in Madrid at age sixteen. Less than a year later, he abandoned his studies and soon joined several avant-garde artist and anarchist groups in Barcelona and Paris. After passing through a succession of stylistic periods, most notably the Blue (1901-1904) and Rose (1904-1906) Periods, he collaborated with Georges Braque (1882-1963) in 1908 to invent Cubism, a revolutionary method of restructuring pictorial space. Picasso remained active until his death in 1973. Although his art still appears radical, many of his works are over one hundred years old. Cubism, perhaps the most important development in 20th-century art, was invented around 1908 by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963). The most revolutionary aspect of the style was not its obvious emphasis on geometric form; rather, it was the introduction of a radically new approach to configuring pictorial space. Since the Renaissance, artists had used various methods to create the illusion of distant space receding behind the canvas surface. The Cubists rejected that idea and collapsed space by compressing foreground, middle ground, and background into a continuous web of overlapping, intersecting planes. During the 1910s, other painters and sculptors embraced or adapted Cubism to their own ends. This revolutionary approach inspired a host of related movements and continues to influence the visual language of artists, architects, and designers throughout the world.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1905, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1905\u20136", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Head of a Young Man"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:49:37.218000"}, {"id": 108501, "accession_number": "1926.211", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Melencolia I, 1514. Albrecht D\u00fcrer (German, 1471\u20131528). Engraving; platemark: 23.8 x 18.9 cm (9 3/8 x 7 7/16 in.); sheet: 24.5 x 19.4 cm (9 5/8 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., in memory of Ralph King, 1926.211", "current_location": null, "title": "Melencolia I", "creation_date": "1514", "creation_date_earliest": 1514, "creation_date_latest": 1514, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Engraving", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Platemark: 23.8 x 18.9 cm (9 3/8 x 7 7/16 in.); Sheet: 24.5 x 19.4 cm (9 5/8 x 7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"platemark": {"height": 0.238, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.189, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "sheet": {"height": 0.245, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.194, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": "II/II", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 357312, "title": "Prints of the Fifteenth to Twentieth Century from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Prints of the Fifteenth to Twentieth Century from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 5-September 12, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356365, "title": "16th Century Prints from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>16th Century Prints from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 4-29, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-12-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 345396, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition of the New Print Gallery - Prints from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition of the New Print Gallery - Prints from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 10-November 13, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-08-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 345694, "title": "16th Century German Engravings", "description": "<i>16th Century German Engravings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1938-January 22, 1939).", "opening_date": "1938-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301217, "title": "The Scholar in Art", "description": "<i>The Scholar in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 19-28, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301400, "title": "Albrecht D\u00fcrer - 500th Anniversary", "description": "<i>Albrecht D\u00fcrer - 500th Anniversary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 19-March 28, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445328, "title": "Durer", "description": "<i>Durer</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (April 6-May 8, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302152, "title": "The Vocabulary of Prints", "description": "<i>The Vocabulary of Prints</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 29-December 31, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304516, "title": "Eight Masters of the Print", "description": "<i>Eight Masters of the Print</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 14, 1980-January 18, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200271, "title": "Picasso and the Mysteries of Life: La Vie", "description": "<i>Picasso and the Mysteries of Life: La Vie</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-April 21, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 205194, "title": "D\u00fcrer's Women: Images of Devotion and Desire", "description": "<i>D\u00fcrer's Women: Images of Devotion and Desire</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-06-22T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Although the title indentifies the subject as melancholy, the means by which D\u00fcrer demonstrates this emotional state is complex, making <em>Melencolia I</em> the most analyzed and discussed of D\u00fcrer\u2019s works. D\u00fcrer personifies melancholy as a formidable female\u2014her power originates in her ability to alter a man\u2019s temperament into a melancholic state. Immobilized by her lack of creativity, the winged goddess sits dispiritedly surrounded by the tools and instruments she has lost the inspiration to use. Among intellectuals, melancholy was often associated with introspective, educated people, even genius. Because artists were especially prone to melancholy, this image has been interpreted as D\u00fcrer\u2019s spiritual self-portrait, implying that the artist identified with her creative plight.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362177"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.211-melencolia-i"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The persistence of geometry: form, content, and culture in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "no. 25, p. 117, repr. p. 50 & tailpiece.", "url": null}, {"citation": "T. S. \u201cD\u00fcrer\u2019s Melancholia.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 13, no. 7 (July 1926): 157\u2013159.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 159; Reproduced: p. 157", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136945"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Engravings by Albrect D\u00fcrer.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>22, no. 4 (April 1935): 59-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64", "url": "jstor.org/stable/25137693"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 644", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n120"}, {"citation": "Petcu, Elizabeth J. \u201cD\u00fcrer's <em>Victoria</em>: Contending with the Uncertainty of Measurement.\u201d <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 107, n. 4 (December 2025): 37-66.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59, 61; Reproduced: p. 60, fig. 17", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Meder 75", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.211", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.211/1926.211_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "893", "filesize": "581035", "filename": "1926.211_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.211/1926.211_print.jpg", "width": "2693", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8049637", "filename": "1926.211_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.211/1926.211_full.tif", "width": "3960", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59419320", "filename": "1926.211_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., in memory of Ralph King", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108501, "creators": [{"id": 11617, "description": "Albrecht D\u00fcrer (German, 1471\u20131528)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1471", "death_year": "1528", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1514, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1514", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:57:17.441000"}, {"id": 133447, "accession_number": "1956.10", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Royal Reception in a Landscape, left folio from the double frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (Persian, about 940\u20131019 or 1025), 1444. Iran, Shiraz, Timurid period (1370-1501). Opaque watercolor, ink, gold and silver on paper; recto image: 26.1 x 20.7 cm (10 1/4 x 8 1/8 in.); overall: 32.7 x 22 cm (12 7/8 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1956.10", "current_location": null, "title": "Royal Reception in a Landscape, left folio from the double frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (Persian, about 940\u20131019 or 1025)", "creation_date": "1444", "creation_date_earliest": 1444, "creation_date_latest": 1444, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Shiraz, Timurid period (1370-1501)"], "technique": "opaque watercolor, ink, gold and silver on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Recto Image: 26.1 x 20.7 cm (10 1/4 x 8 1/8 in.); Overall: 32.7 x 22 cm (12 7/8 x 8 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.327, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.22, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "recto image": {"height": 0.261, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.207, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "verso image": {"height": 0.251, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.16, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518751, "title": "The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran", "description": "<i>The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (October 19, 1961-January 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519268, "title": "Muslim Miniature Paintings", "description": "<i>Muslim Miniature Paintings</i>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy, Venezia, Italy (organizer) (September 1-October 31, 1962); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 4, 1962-February 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443710, "title": "Persian Miniature Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Persian Miniature Manuscripts</i>. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (1935). [lent by Minassian] (both folios?)", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Islamic Art</em>. De Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, CA (February 24-March 22, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-02-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Persian Art. </em>The Iranian Institute, New York, NY (1940).", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Islamic Art</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>7000 Ans d'art en Iran</em>. Petit Palais, Paris (October-November 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Muslim Miniature Paintings from American Collections</em>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy; Asia House, New York, NY (September 1962-February 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Imperial Images in Persian Painting</em>. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Order and Rhythm: Carpets from the Islamic World</em>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (September 10-November 7, 1993<em>).</em>", "opening_date": "1993-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic art rotation</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 16, 2013-December 15, 2014). (1956.10.a only)", "opening_date": "2013-12-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Philipp Walter Schulz [1864\u20131920], Leipzig, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1914", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Adrienne Minassian [1913\u20131994], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131956", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1956\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 124165, "description": "Royal Reception in a Landscape, right folio from a double-page frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), 1444. Iran, Shiraz, Timurid period (1370-1501). Opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper; overall: 32.5 x 22.1 cm (12 13/16 x 8 11/16 in.); recto image: 27.7 x 10.3 cm (10 7/8 x 4 1/16 in.); verso image: 26.3 x 20.7 cm (10 3/8 x 8 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1945.169", "relationship": "partner of"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "From the upper left two trained cheetahs, a falcon, and horses are led into the scene.", "description": "The painting on the recto of this folio is the second half of a double-page frontispiece now detached from a <em>Shahnama</em> manuscript (see <a href=\"http://cma.org/art/1945.169\"><u>CMA 1945.169</u></a> for the first half of the frontispiece). The scene does not illustrate a narrative from the <em>Shahnama</em>, but likely represents the courtly audience for whose entertainment the manuscript was created. The date and style of the painting indicate that it was made during the reign of the Timurid dynasty in Shiraz, Iran.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759591"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.10-royal-reception-in-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Schulz, Philipp Walter. <em>Die persisch-islamische Miniaturmalerei. Ein Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte Irans</em>. Leipzig: Hiersemann, 1914.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: vol.1, p. 87; vol II, pl. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ackerman, Phyllis. <em>Guide to the Exhibition of Persian Art</em>. New York: Iranian Institute of America, 1940.", "page_number": "p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, B.W. \u201cThe Illustrated Persian Manuscripts in the John Rylands Library,\u201d <em>Bulletin of the John Rylands Library </em>34 (September 1952): 69\u201380.", "page_number": "p.72n3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, B.W. \u201cOrigin and Date of Three Famous Shah-Nameh Illustrations,\u201d <em>Ars Orientalis</em> I (1954): 105\u2013112.", "page_number": "p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stchoukine, Ivan. <em>Les Peintures des Manuscrits Timurids.</em> Paris: Institut Fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie de Beyrouth, Biblioth\u00e9que arch\u00e9ologique et historique, 1954.", "page_number": "pp. 44, 46, 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shepherd, D.G. \u201cA Shahnamah Frontispiece,\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>43 (December 1956): pp. 213\u2013215.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 722", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n132"}, {"citation": "Gray, Basil. <em>Persian Painting.</em> Cleveland: Editions d\u2019Art Albert Sikra and The World Publishing Company, 1961.", "page_number": "pp. 96, 102\u2013103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ghirshman, Roman. <em>Sept mille ans d'art en Iran: Petit Palais, Octobre 1961-Janvier 1962</em>. Paris: Association francaise d\u2019action artistique, 1961.", "page_number": "no.1079, p. 193", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grube, Ernst J. and Alberta Maria Fabris. <em>Muslim Miniature Paintings from the XIII to XIX Century from Collections in the United States and Canada.</em> Venice: N. Pozza, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 34, pp. 46\u201348", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n246"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n246"}, {"citation": "Robinson, B.W. ed.,<em> Islamic Painting and the Arts of the Book</em>. London: Faber and Faber Limited, 1976.", "page_number": "pp. 153, 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. <em>Imperial Images in Persian Painting. </em>Edinburgh: Scottish Arts Council Gallery, 1977.", "page_number": "p. 25, no. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n299"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 45, p. 350", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Williams, Marjorie. \u201cDragons, Porcelains and Demons, Cultural Exchange between China and Persia,\u201d <em>Orientations</em> 17 no. 8 (August 1986).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blair, Sheila S. and Jonathan S. Bloom. <em>The Art and Architecture of Islam 1250 \u2013 1800</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 318, no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg. \u201cToward an Aesthetic of Persian Painting,\u201d in <em>The Art of Interpreting: Papers in Art History from the Pennsylvania State Universit</em>y vol. IX, ed. Susan C. Scott, pp. 129\u2013162. University Park: Pennsylvania State University, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 6-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Eleanor, with Boris I. Marshak and Ernst J. Grube. <em>Peerless Images: Persian Painting and its Sources</em>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 115, fig. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "de Selliers, Diane, editor.<em> Orient: Mille ans de poesi et de peinture</em>. Paris: Diane de Selliers, 2004.", "page_number": "pp. 106, 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Allsen, Thomas T. <em>The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History. </em>Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 80, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. <em>Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th-21st Century</em>. Cleveland; New Haven: Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 132, fig. 4.3; Mentioned: P. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrison-Hall, Jessica. \" Early Ming Ceramics: Rethinking the Status of Blue-and-White.\" In <em>Ming China: Courts and Contacts, 1400-1450. </em>Craig Clunas, Jessica Harrison-Hall, and Yu Ping Luk., eds., p. 80. London: The British Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80 pl. 8.7", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.10", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.10/1956.10_web.jpg", "width": "622", "height": "900", "filesize": "315789", "filename": "1956.10_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.10/1956.10_print.jpg", "width": "2351", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3242637", "filename": "1956.10_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.10/1956.10_full.tif", "width": "4621", "height": "6682", "filesize": "92664572", "filename": "1956.10_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.10/1956.10_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "900", "filesize": "246315"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.10/1956.10_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2341", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2854658"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.10/1956.10_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4592", "height": "6668", "filesize": "91886428"}, "date_created": "2009-11-23T15:23:36", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133447, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-01-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1444, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1444", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Princely Banquet in a Garden, Left Folio of Double Page Frontispiece (Recto); Text and Illumination Page, Persian Prose (Verso)", "Royal Feast in a Garden, left folio from the double-page frontispiece of a Shahnama of Firdausi (Persian, about 934\u20131020)", "Royal Feast in a Garden, left folio from the double-page frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:51:17.852000"}, {"id": 142771, "accession_number": "1966.475", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Clock, 1908\u201317. Henrik Wigstr\u00f6m (Russian, 1862\u20131923), House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Nephrite, gold, enamel, diamonds; overall: 7.9 x 3.4 x 2.5 cm (3 1/8 x 1 5/16 x 1 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.475", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Clock", "creation_date": "1908\u201317", "creation_date_earliest": 1908, "creation_date_latest": 1917, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "nephrite, gold, enamel, diamonds", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Timepiece", "measurements": "Overall: 7.9 x 3.4 x 2.5 cm (3 1/8 x 1 5/16 x 1 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.079, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.034, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.025, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "72, Kokoshnik, lower case alpha in script [assay mark for St. Petersburg, 1908-26];   72; Faberg\u00e9; H.W. [initials of workmaster Henrik Wigstr\u00f6m]; 22681 scratched; NS/15P scratched.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The use of Roman letters for the mark \"Faberg\u00e9,\" rather than the usual Cyrillic characters, indicates that this clock was probably intended for sale outside Russia, perhaps through the London showroom.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443609, "title": "Faberge 1846 - 1920", "description": "<i>Faberge 1846 - 1920</i>. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (June 23-October 23, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441346, "title": "Faberge, Imperial Jeweler", "description": "<i>Faberge, Imperial Jeweler</i>. St. George Hall of the Hermitage, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (June 18-August 15, 1993); Mus\u00e9e des arts D\u00e9coratifs, Paris, France (September 24, 1993-January 2, 1994); Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 26-April 10, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-06-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The face of this small luxurious desk clock features tiny pink enameled roses in place of the customary numbers along with hour and minute hands paved in diamonds.", "description": "The use of Russian hardstones in creating precious objects became a hallmark of design from the House of Faberg\u00e9. Easily carved, these minerals were sourced largely from the western region surrounding the Ural Mountains. Faberg\u00e9's workmasters used colorful stones such as agate, lapis lazuli, rock crystal, rhodonite, and nephrite (jade), seen here in this small desk clock, to create and embellish flower studies, animal figures, and all manner of luxurious accessories.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.475-clock"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36, cat. 14; reproduced in color, p. 37", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 106, cat. 81; reproduced in color:  p. 106", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Tillander-Godenhielm, Ulla. <em>Golden Years of Faberge\u0301: Drawings and Objects from the Wigstro\u0308m Workshop</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: A La Vieille Russie, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/43979547"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned, p. 39, cat. 50", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.475", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.475/1966.475_web.jpg", "width": "780", "height": "893", "filesize": "278089", "filename": "1966.475_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.475/1966.475_print.jpg", "width": "2971", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4117868", "filename": "1966.475_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.475/1966.475_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "4713", "filesize": "58261684", "filename": "1966.475_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.475/1966.475_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "893", "filesize": "247902"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.475/1966.475_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2851", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4008696"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.475/1966.475_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3873", "height": "4619", "filesize": "53701320"}, "date_created": "2008-06-06T16:03:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.475/1966.475_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "348904"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.475/1966.475_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "3287562"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.475/1966.475_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4586", "height": "3669", "filesize": "50499876"}, "date_created": "2007-08-09T19:22:10", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142771, "creators": [{"id": 8891, "description": "Henrik Wigstr\u00f6m (Russian, 1862\u20131923)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "workmaster", "biography": "Workmaster for the House of Faberge based in St. Petersburg, Russia. Responsible for many of the imperial Easter eggs as well as enameled accessories and jewelry.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1862", "death_year": "1923", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1908, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1908\u201317", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:18.770000"}, {"id": 144732, "accession_number": "1969.52", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Storm in the Mountains, 1847. Frederic Edwin Church (American, 1826\u20131900). Oil on canvas; framed: 98.7 x 86.4 x 9.2 cm (38 7/8 x 34 x 3 5/8 in.); unframed: 75.5 x 62.8 cm (29 3/4 x 24 3/4 in.); former: 94.5 x 81.5 x 9 cm (37 3/16 x 32 1/16 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of various donors by exchange and Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1969.52", "current_location": "206 American Landscape", "title": "Storm in the Mountains", "creation_date": "1847", "creation_date_earliest": 1847, "creation_date_latest": 1847, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 98.7 x 86.4 x 9.2 cm (38 7/8 x 34 x 3 5/8 in.); Unframed: 75.5 x 62.8 cm (29 3/4 x 24 3/4 in.); Former: 94.5 x 81.5 x 9 cm (37 3/16 x 32 1/16 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.987, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.864, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.092, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.755, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.628, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "former": {"height": 0.945, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.815, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in center on tree: \"F. CHURCH. 1847\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, American Art Union 1847, no. 120; listed as the property of E. G. Merick of Clayton, NY in Mary Bartlett Cowdrey, American Academy of Fine Arts and American Art-Union Exhibition Record 1816-1852, (New York, 1953), p. 70.", "opening_date": "1953-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus, Ohio, Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio, A Nation\u2019s Legacy: 150 Years of American Art from Ohio Collections; (19 January - 15 March 1992), traveled to Tokyo, Isetan Museum (9 April - 5 May 1992), Yamaguchi, The Yamaguchi Prefectural Museum of Art (12 May- 21 June 1992), Fukushima, the Fukushima Prefectural Museum of Art (27 June - 2 August 1992), Takamatsu, the Takamatsu City Museum of Art (7 August- 6 September 1992) and Osaka, Daimaru Museum Umeda (23 September- 5 October 1992); cat. no. 4, repr. p. 29, p. 174.", "opening_date": "1992-01-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Fort Worth, TX, Amon Carter Museum, The Early Landscapes of Frederic Edwin Church (9 March - 29 April 1984); p. 43, 86-7. illus. p. 87 as cat. 4; Blasted Tree (Storm in the Mountains).", "opening_date": "1984-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D. C., National Gallery of Art, Frederic Edwin Church (8 October 1989- 18 March 1990), p. 36-7, 40, cat. no. 2.", "opening_date": "1989-10-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sold to E. G. Merrick, Clayton, NY (in family until 1967): (Eldridge Gerry Merrick, E. G. Merrick II, Mrs. John P. Nevins (daughter), West Brattleboro, VT); Adams Davidson and Company, Washington, DC, 1967; Hirschl and Adler, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Church's spectacular home and studio, named Olana, is preserved as a New York State Historical Site.", "description": "Dominating this composition is a lightning-blasted tree embodying nature's awe-inspiring power and endless cycle of life and death. A popular motif because of these associations, the blasted tree was favored by many landscape painters like Church, who prominently featured it here.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20202094"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.52-storm-in-the-mountai"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Howat, John K., <em>Frederic Church. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced, p. 20.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Visions of Landscape East and West.\" <em>Asia</em> Vol. 4, No. 5 (January/February 1982): pp. 24-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carr, Gerald L. <em>Frederic Edwin Church: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 of Works of Art at Olana State Historic Site.</em> Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52 - 53", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.52", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.52/1969.52_web.jpg", "width": "742", "height": "893", "filesize": "506435", "filename": "1969.52_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.52/1969.52_print.jpg", "width": "2824", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7320432", "filename": "1969.52_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.52/1969.52_full.tif", "width": "4813", "height": "5794", "filesize": "83687840", "filename": "1969.52_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.52/1969.52_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "780", "height": "893", "filesize": "540601"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.52/1969.52_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2969", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6176573"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.52/1969.52_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3000", "height": "3436", "filesize": "30961952"}, "date_created": "2009-09-02T13:19:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.52/1969.52_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "737", "height": "893", "filesize": "511507"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.52/1969.52_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2807", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6321174"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.52/1969.52_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3779", "height": "4577", "filesize": "51918064"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of various donors by exchange and Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Baker & Hostetler LLP Gallery", "athena_id": 144732, "creators": [{"id": 2697, "description": "Frederic Edwin Church (American, 1826\u20131900)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1826", "death_year": "1900", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-05-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1847, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1847", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Blasted Tree"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:26:22.417000"}, {"id": 171283, "accession_number": "2014.11", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Untitled, 1976. Robert Morris (American, 1931\u20132018). White felt, metal grommets, one piece of string; overall: 144.8 x 289.6 cm (57 x 114 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2014.11. \u00a9  The Estate of Robert Morris / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "Untitled", "creation_date": "1976", "creation_date_earliest": 1976, "creation_date_latest": 1976, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "white felt, metal grommets, one piece of string", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Mixed Media", "measurements": "Overall: 144.8 x 289.6 cm (57 x 114 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.448, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 2.896, "width_inch": 114, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  The Estate of Robert Morris / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 393229, "title": "Contemporary Installation", "description": "<i>Contemporary Installation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2021-04-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Black and White Felts. Castelli Gallery, New York City, NY (October 9 \u2013 30, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Wall Sculptures. Castelli Gallery, New York City, NY (January 15 \u2013 February 23, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Hanging Soft and Standing Hard. Spr\u00fcth Magers, London (May 3 \u2013 June 15, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-06-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Contemporary Gallery 229 Rotation: October 28, 2014 -", "opening_date": "2014-10-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Artist's collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1976\u20132014", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Spr\u00fcth Magers, Berlin, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2014", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2014\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In April 1968, Robert Morris published an article entitled \"Anti-Form\" in the prestigious international contemporary art magazine <em>Artforum</em>, coining the term and encouraging other artists to embrace the element of chance in their installations.", "description": "In this sculpture Robert Morris uses a large piece of industrial felt material, curling and affixing two corners to create a neat geometric form from the soft, heavy material. <em>Untitled </em>is part of a larger series of sculptures the artist created in the spirit of the \u201canti-form\u201d\u2014works that depart from the rigid, hard edges of Minimalist sculpture. Morris noted that \u201cFelt has anatomical associations, it relates to the body\u2014it\u2019s skinlike.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80081423"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Karmel, Pepe, Maurice Berger, and Robert Morris.<em> Robert Morris: The Felt Works</em>. New York: Grey Art Gallery and Study Center, 1989.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Morris, Robert. <em>Robert Morris: The Mind / Body Problem.</em> New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1994.", "page_number": "Referenced pp. 212-223", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2014.11", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 171283, "creators": [{"id": 42748, "description": "Robert Morris (American, 1931\u20132018)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1931", "death_year": "2018", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2014-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1976, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1976", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:26.899000"}, {"id": 115067, "accession_number": "1935.233", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase of Flowers, c. 1905. Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916). Oil on fabric; framed: 90.8 x 62.2 x 10.2 cm (35 3/4 x 24 1/2 x 4 in.); unframed: 73 x 59 cm (28 3/4 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Roberta Holden Bole, 1935.233", "current_location": null, "title": "Vase of Flowers", "creation_date": "c. 1905", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1910, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 19th-early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 90.8 x 62.2 x 10.2 cm (35 3/4 x 24 1/2 x 4 in.); Unframed: 73 x 59 cm (28 3/4 x 23 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.908, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.622, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.102, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.73, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.59, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: odilon redon\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 338011, "title": "A survey of French paintings", "description": "<i>A survey of French paintings</i>. Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (organizer) (April 2-May 14, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312527, "title": "Autumn Flower Show", "description": "<i>Autumn Flower Show</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-December 1, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-11-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338014, "title": "Picasso and French Republican Art", "description": "<i>Picasso and French Republican Art</i>. Grand Rapids Art Museum (March 23-April 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-03-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338020, "title": "Odilon Redon: 1840-1916", "description": "<i>Odilon Redon: 1840-1916</i>. Society of the Four Arts (March 18-April 3, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-03-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338289, "title": "An Exhibition of Paintings and Pastels by Odilon Redon", "description": "<i>An Exhibition of Paintings and Pastels by Odilon Redon</i>. Rosenberg & Co. (February 9-March 7, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-02-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519097, "title": "Art Museum of the Month", "description": "<i>Art Museum of the Month</i>. Grand Rapids Art Museum, Grand Rapids, MI (organizer) (December 3-31, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-12-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213485, "title": "Working among Flowers: French Still Life in the 19th Century", "description": "<i>Working among Flowers: French Still Life in the 19th Century</i>. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (October 26, 2014-February 1, 2015); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (March 22-June 21, 2015); Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (July 19-October 11, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-10-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>French Painting from the Fifteenth Century to the Present Day.</em> California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (1934).", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Survey of French Painting</em>. Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD. (1934-35).", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Georges Bernheim, Paris, France, January 1929, stock no. A498, sold to Knoedler & Co.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, September 1929, stock no. A1021, sold to George C. Lee)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. G. C. Lee returned to Knoedler & Co., New York, NY (stock number A1021) November 1929, held jointly with E. Bignou.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, January 1930, stock number A1171,  jointly with E. Bignou, sold to Mrs. R.T. Wilson)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1930", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. R.T. Wilson [1875-1947], New York, NY returned to Knoedler & Co., May 1930", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(M. Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, December 1935, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930-1935", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1935-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Redon returned to the subject of flowers many times throughout his career. His interest in plants may have been inspired by his friend and mentor Armand Clavaud, a botanist and illustrator who lived in Redon's hometown of Bordeaux.", "description": "Rapturous flower still lifes like this dominated the last decade and a half of Odilon Redon\u2019s career and provided his greatest commercial success. His interest in plants and flowers began in his youth; child of wine producers, he grew up northwest of Bordeaux and was sensitive to fluctuations in weather, light, and temperature affecting the grape harvest. When he was 20, Redon met Armond Clavaud, a botanist and draftsman who illustrated his own compendium of flowers of the Bordeaux region. Clavaud\u2019s meticulously rendered drawings sparked the young Redon\u2019s imagination and helped to instill his desire to paint \u201cnature, as seen in a dream.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513952"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.233-vase-of-flowers"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "[Cover]. <em>Decorative Arts </em>I, no. 1 (December 1934): cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Flower Piece by Odilon Redon.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>XXIII, no. 1 (January 1936): 4-6.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: p. 4-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Gets Redon Work: Vase of Flowers.\" <em>ARTnews </em>34 (January 11, 1936): 16.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carnegie Institute. Department of Fine Arts. <em>A Survey of French Painting : Gallery A, Second Floor April 2 to May 14 Mcmxxxvi</em>. Pittsburgh, PA: Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 341, p 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Vase of Flowers.\" <em>Arts </em>30 (December 1955): 41.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co. <em>An Exhibition of Paintings and Pastels by Odilon Redon (1840-1916) February 9 to March 7, 1959</em>. 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 8, p. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Redon, Odilon. \"Odilon Redon: To Myself.\"<em> Portfolio </em>8 (Spring 1964): 100-120.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Klaus. <em>Odilon Redon: Fantasy and Colour</em>. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203, no. 307", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n205"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 181", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n205"}, {"citation": "Awazu, Norio. <em>Redon</em>. Tokyo: Shinchosa, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 224", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n244"}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Alec. <em>Odilon Redon: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 de l'Oeuvre Peint et Dessine\u0301.</em> Paris: Wildenstein Institute, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 111, no. 1522, vol. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 191", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 518-520, no. 181", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"Bits of Rainbows: Odilon Redon's <em>Vase of Flowers </em>and the power of enlightenment.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 1 (January/February 2016): 5-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-01/page/4/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.233", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.233/1935.233_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "893", "filesize": "557057", "filename": "1935.233_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.233/1935.233_print.jpg", "width": "2500", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8670915", "filename": "1935.233_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.233/1935.233_full.tif", "width": "4190", "height": "5699", "filesize": "71671244", "filename": "1935.233_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Roberta Holden Bole", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115067, "creators": [{"id": 1748, "description": "Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leader of the symbolist movement in France, Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux in 1840 and grew up in the surrounding region. During his early years he studied drawing, architecture, and the violin. A friendship with Armand Clavaud, a local botanist and philosopher, stimulated Redon's passion for romantic art and literature. In 1864, after a brief and discouraging period of instruction with G\u00e9r\u00f4me in Paris, Redon returned to Bordeaux, where he studied printmaking with Rodolphe Bresdin (1825-1885). Deploring the emphasis on rational, phenomenal experience in academic and naturalist art, Redon turned for inspiration to the imaginative paintings of Delacroix, the prints of Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya (1746-1828), and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire. In 1870, after military service in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon settled in Paris and produced his first <em>Noirs</em>. These visionary images, featuring floating eyes and severed heads born aloft on wings, reflect Redon's belief in the superiority of the imagination and fantasy, which he considered \"the messenger of the unconscious.\" After producing his initial <em>Noirs </em>in charcoal, Redon discovered a method of transferring his drawings to lithography in 1876. Throughout the 1880s he continued to use charcoal, etching, and lithography as his primary media, and he produced twelve lithography albums before abandoning the genre in the late 1890s. During the 1880s Redon emerged as a leader of the symbolist reaction against impressionism. The publication in 1879 of his first lithographic album, <em>Dans le r\u00eave</em>, followed by his first solo exhibition in 1881, attracted the admiration of J. K. Huysmans, who included illustrations by Redon in his novel <em>\u00c0 rebours</em> (1884). Around the same time, Redon developed a personal and artistic relationship with poet St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. Increasingly drawn into the public arena, Redon helped organize the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants in 1884. In 1886 he participated in the last impressionist exhibition and began showing with Les XX in Brussels. Redon's antinaturalist, visionary, art inspired many symbolist and Nabi artists, including Gauguin and Vuillard. Maurice Denis praised Redon as \"our Mallarm\u00e9,\" and in 1892 critic Albert Aurier described Redon as a leader of the new \"idealistic\" tendency in art. After 1890 the focus of Redon's activity shifted from monochromatic drawings and prints toward exploring color in richly worked pastels. His innovations in luminous color, as seen in the pastel and oil paintings he exhibited at the Galeries Durand-Ruel in 1900 were greatly admired by Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and the Fauves. Awarded the Legion of Honor in 1903, Redon continued his leadership role in the avant-garde and in 1904 became a founding member of the Salon d'Automne. In 1913 forty of his works were selected for exhibition in the Armory Show, the most by any artist. Redon died at his home in Paris in the summer of 1916.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1905", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:21.888000"}, {"id": 145408, "accession_number": "1970.63", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seated Shakyamuni Buddha, c. 120 CE. Northern India, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, Kushan period. Red mottled sandstone; overall: 51.4 cm (20 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1970.63", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Seated Shakyamuni Buddha", "creation_date": "c. 120 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 80, "creation_date_latest": 135, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, Kushan period"], "technique": "red mottled sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Mathura", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 51.4 cm (20 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.514, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309889, "title": "Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India", "description": "<i>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 218889, "title": "Buddha", "description": "<i>Buddha</i>. Tobu Museum of Art (April 11-June 28, 1998); Nara National Museum (July 11-August 30, 1998); Nagoya City Art Museum (September 9-October 11, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-04-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Stendahl Art Gallery, LA, Los Angeles, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This early form of the Buddha image depicts him seated on an altar under the Bodhi tree. A coiled topknot of hair and elongated earlobes refer to his life as a prince when he wore a turban and heavy earrings. Behind his head is a solar disk, like a halo, and lions on the throne indicate the spreading of his teachings in all four directions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757469"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.63-seated-shakyamuni-bu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1970.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 2 (1971): 22-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 173, p. 71; Reproduced: no. 173, p. 46", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "Dwivedi, Vinod P. \u201cMathura Art in the Museums of the United States of America.\u201d <em>Journal of Indian Museums</em>, 1973, pp. 25\u201326.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 25-26, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \u201cMathura Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 64, no. 3, 1977, pp. 83\u2013114.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 97, fig. 24; p. 98, fig. 25", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152680"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 289", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n309"}, {"citation": "Moore, Janet Gaylord. <em>The Eastern Gate: An Invitation to the Arts of China and Japan</em>. Cleveland: Collins, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris. <em>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 13, p. 66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya. <em>A Pot-Pourri of Indian Art</em>. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 7, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n30"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.63", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.63/1970.63_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "191139", "filename": "1970.63_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.63/1970.63_print.jpg", "width": "2720", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1969375", "filename": "1970.63_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.63/1970.63_full.tif", "width": "3818", "height": "4773", "filesize": "54720804", "filename": "1970.63_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.63/1970.63_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "893", "filesize": "517067"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.63/1970.63_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1916", "filesize": "2566151"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.63/1970.63_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1916", "filesize": "8832180"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145408, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-09-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 80, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 120 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Seated Sakyamuni"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:27:58.385000"}, {"id": 145942, "accession_number": "1971.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gateway Bracket, 150\u2013200 CE. India, Mathura, Kushan period. Sandstone; overall: 73.9 x 57.2 cm (29 1/8 x 22 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1971.15", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Gateway Bracket", "creation_date": "150\u2013200 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 150, "creation_date_latest": 200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Mathura, Kushan period"], "technique": "sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Mathura", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 73.9 x 57.2 cm (29 1/8 x 22 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.739, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.572, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301191, "title": "Materials of the Artist", "description": "<i>Materials of the Artist</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-December 12, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309889, "title": "Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India", "description": "<i>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 412350, "title": "Buddha in India", "description": "<i>Buddha in India</i>. Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien (organizer) (April 2-July 16, 1995).", "opening_date": "1995-04-02T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William H. Wolff [1906-1991], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131971", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Gateways leading into a sacred area often had large horizontal architraves, the weight of which was supported by brackets carved with figures of voluptuous women grasping the branch of a tree. They embody the ideal form of the young mother, with breasts full of nourishing milk. As personifications of the sap that pervades living plants, they are auspicious markers of life and abundance. These attractive figures, who embody the purifying water essential for life, symbolically cleanse visitors as they enter the sacred space. On both sides of this large bracket they grasp the branch of an ashoka tree, which has clusters of flowers that are bright red in nature.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760719"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.15-gateway-bracket"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fricke, Berthold. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 89", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1971.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 1 (1972): 3-46.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 180, p. 47; p. 4; Reproduced: no. 180, p. 24", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \u201cMathura Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 64, no. 3, 1977, pp. 83\u2013114.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Cover and frontispiece; pp. 82-83; p. 93, figs. 18 and 19; p. 94, fig. 20", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152680"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 289", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n309"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris.<em> Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 35, p. 99", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n30"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 120-121", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Morris, Rekha, \"Sense and Sensitivity: Sherman Lee's Impact on the Collection of North Indian Sculpture at the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Orientations</em>, vol. 36, no.1, pp. 88-93.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 89", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_web.jpg", "width": "756", "height": "893", "filesize": "101419", "filename": "1971.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_print.jpg", "width": "2879", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1414766", "filename": "1971.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_full.tif", "width": "4944", "height": "5838", "filesize": "86616164", "filename": "1971.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "893", "filesize": "95999"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2796", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1322997"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4912", "height": "5973", "filesize": "88049600"}, "date_created": "2012-10-30T18:21:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "699", "height": "893", "filesize": "62234"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2663", "height": "3400", "filesize": "780490"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4594", "height": "5864", "filesize": "80843168"}, "date_created": "2012-10-30T19:05:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "893", "filesize": "60058"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2509", "height": "3400", "filesize": "789305"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4281", "height": "5800", "filesize": "74514320"}, "date_created": "2012-10-30T19:09:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "491249"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1212", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1571398"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.15/1971.15_alt3_full.tif", "width": "1212", "height": "1536", "filesize": "5587124"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145942, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-02-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 150, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "150\u2013200 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Torana Bracket with Salabhanjikas"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:57.517000"}, {"id": 142472, "accession_number": "1966.237", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child with Saints, c. 1230s. Berlinghiero (Italian, before 1242). Triptych (tabernacle); tempera and gold on poplar panel; overall: 42.6 x 51.5 cm (16 3/4 x 20 1/4 in.); center: 42.8 x 27 cm (16 7/8 x 10 5/8 in.); left: 42.5 x 12.5 cm (16 3/4 x 4 15/16 in.); right: 42.4 x 12 cm (16 11/16 x 4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1966.237", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Virgin and Child with Saints", "creation_date": "c. 1230s", "creation_date_earliest": 1225, "creation_date_latest": 1235, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "triptych (tabernacle); tempera and gold on poplar panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 42.6 x 51.5 cm (16 3/4 x 20 1/4 in.); Center: 42.8 x 27 cm (16 7/8 x 10 5/8 in.); Left: 42.5 x 12.5 cm (16 3/4 x 4 15/16 in.); Right: 42.4 x 12 cm (16 11/16 x 4 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.426, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.515, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "center": {"height": 0.428, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.27, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "left": {"height": 0.425, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.125, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "right": {"height": 0.424, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.12, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed on central panel flanking Virgin: MP OV.\r\nOn back of panel: XC IC HS NI", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Golden Anniversary Acquisitions,</em> Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Theodore Bonjean, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Peter Matthiesen, Matthiesen Gallery, London, England)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1938", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Adolphe Stoclet (1871-1949), Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1938", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mme. Michele Stoclet, Barcelona, Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Sale: Sotherby's, London, June 30, 1965, no. 21)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 30, 1965", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Rudolf J. Heinemann, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This tabernacle was recognized as being by Berlinghiero while in the the collection of Adolphe Stoclet, a wealthy Belgian engineer and collector.", "description": "This small altarpiece, intended for a domestic interior or private chapel, consists of three panels, allowing it to be folded and easily transported. Surrounding the Virgin and Child in the center are various saints. On the left is Saint Andrew crucified, with St. Francis and St. Paul below; on the right, Christ with the instruments of the Passion, and St. Stephen and St. Lawrence below. The long expressive lines that define the clothing and hands of the figures are typical of Byzantine painting, which spread from Constantinople to Italy in the Middle Ages. Berlinghiero is one of the earliest Italian painters known by name. He lived in Lucca, the most important artistic center in Tuscany before the rise of Siena and Florence. Berlinghiero headed a large, influential workshop that included his sons.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469574"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.237-virgin-and-child-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Garrison, Jr., Edward B. \"A Berlinghieresque Fresco in St. Stefano, Bologna,\" <em>The Art Bulletin </em>XXVIII (1946).", "page_number": "p. 215-219, fig. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Offner, Richard, and Klara Steinweg.<em> A Critical and Historical Corpus of Florentine Painting. </em>3,5, 3,5. Florence: Giunti, 1947.", "page_number": "p 48, no. I, p. 56-57, no. 3, p. 207-208, no. 1, p. 252, n. 6, p. 259", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Garrison, Jr. Edward B. \"Post-War Discoveries- III: The Madonna di Sotto gli Organi<em>,\" Burlington Magazine</em> LXXXIX (October 1947).", "page_number": "p. 279.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Garrison, Edward B.<em> Italian Romanesque Panel Painting: An Illustrated Index</em>. Florence: L.S. Olschki, 1949.", "page_number": "p.12, 112, no.284", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Garrison, Jr. Edward B. \u201cAddenda ad indicem II\u201d, <em>Bollettino D'Art </em>XXXVI (1951).", "page_number": "p. 294, 296, no. 6 (cf., no. 1)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kaftal, George. <em>Iconography of the Saints in Tuscan Painting</em>. Florence: Sansoni, 1952.", "page_number": "p. xxiii, n. 7, cols 40, 613, 949", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Garrison, Edward B. <em>Studies in the History of Mediaeval Italian Painting.</em> Florence: L'Impronta, 1953.", "page_number": "p. 261-264", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valentiner, W.R. \u201cA Madonna by Berlinghiero Berlinghieri\u201d, <em>The North Carolina Museum of Art Bulletin</em> I (1957).", "page_number": "pp. 1-3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stubblebine, James H. <em>Guido Da Siena.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1964.", "page_number": "fig. 109", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Important Old Master Paintings</em>. 1965.", "page_number": "p. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n75"}, {"citation": "\u201c\u2018Golden Anniversary\u2019 Acquisitions by the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 108, no. 764 (1966).", "page_number": "cat. no. 56", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/875138"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works with an Index of Places : Central Italian and North Italian Schools</em>. London: Phaidon, 1968.", "page_number": "p. 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n73"}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P. <em>Florence and the Arts; Five Centuries of Patronage.</em> 1971.", "page_number": "no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri.<em> Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections.</em> Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "pp. 26, 310, 360, 362, 369, 394, 422, 450, 459, 574", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> European Paintings Before 1500. </em>Cleveland: The Museum, 1974. .", "page_number": "no 15, fig.15, pl. X", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n82"}, {"citation": "Angiola, E.M. \"Nuovi documenti su Bonaventura e Marco di Berlinghiero,\" <em>Prospettiva</em> (April 1980).", "page_number": "p. 84, n. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ford, Terence.<em> RIdIM/RCMI Inventory of Music Iconography</em>. New York: Research Center for Musical Iconography, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 3 no. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cook, William R. <em>Images of St. Francis of Assisi: In Painting, Stone and Glass : from the Earliest Images to Ca. 1320 in Italy : a Catalogue.</em> Firenze: L.S. Olschki, 1999.", "page_number": "cat. no. 51, pp. 84-85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Kay. <em>Beautiful Necessity: The Art and Meaning of Women's Altars.</em> London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 1999.", "page_number": "p. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mauron, Ve\u0301ronique.<em><u> Le signe incarne\u0301: ombres et reflets dans l'art contemporain</u></em>. Paris: Hazan, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 261", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pon, Lisa. <em>A Printed Icon: Forl\u00ec\u2019s Madonna of the Fire.</em> New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 20-21, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Acidini Luchinat, Cristina, Sandro Bellesi, and Alberto Bruschi. Scoperte e ritorni: scritti in memoria di Alberto Bruschi. Firenze : Edizioni Polistampa 2022. 15", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; p.15, fig. 6", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.237", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.237/1966.237_web.jpg", "width": "1065", "height": "893", "filesize": "834850", "filename": "1966.237_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.237/1966.237_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2850", "filesize": "7852132", "filename": "1966.237_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.237/1966.237_full.tif", "width": "4931", "height": "4133", "filesize": "61175276", "filename": "1966.237_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142472, "creators": [{"id": 2032, "description": "Berlinghiero (Italian, before 1242)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Berlinghiero was first recorded in a Lucchese document of 1228 and mentioned as already dead by 1243.  Crowe and Cavlcaselle's mistranslation of the document of 1228 (known only from a 1600s transcription) gave rise to the apparently mistaken assumption that Berlinghiero came from Milan and that his last name was Berlinghieri.  These misconceptions persist despite the thorough review and corrected interpretation of the available sources published by Garrison (1951, I I ff.).  Berlinghiero introduced Byzantine elements into the style of painting in Lucca which dominated that school during the first three-quarters of the 1200s and strongly influenced painting in Pisa and Florence.  Attributions to Berlinghiero are based on his one signed work, a Crucifix, probably painted c. 1210-1220.  Three sons were trained by Belinghiero and works by two of them, Bonaventura and Marco, are known.", "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1242", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1225, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1230s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Triptych: The Madonna and Child with Saints"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:18:44.347000"}, {"id": 119033, "accession_number": "1940.1219", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, Possibly Sir Soulden Lawrence, 1770. John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811). Watercolor on ivory in an amalgam frame; framed: 4.4 x 3.8 cm (1 3/4 x 1 1/2 in.); unframed: 3.2 x 3.1 cm (1 1/4 x 1 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1940.1219", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of a Man, Possibly Sir Soulden Lawrence", "creation_date": "1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1770, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in an amalgam frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 4.4 x 3.8 cm (1 3/4 x 1 1/2 in.); Unframed: 3.2 x 3.1 cm (1 1/4 x 1 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.044, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.038, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.032, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.031, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed left:  J.S. / 177[9]. [disagreement over whether this last number is a 9,8 or 0]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335553, "title": "John Smart - Miniaturist", "description": "<i>John Smart - Miniaturist</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (December 9-31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-12-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "<i>Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "<i>Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main European Rotation (Gallery 202)</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012). [Verso on display].", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Friedrich Neuberg (d. 1985), Litomerice, Czechoslovakia [now Czech Republic]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(M.F. Neuberg Sale: Hotel Drouot, Paris, France, March 27, 1939, Lot 90).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 27, 1939", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939-1940", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This miniature is signed by the artist John Smart, who used his initials JS.", "description": "This portrait is an excellent example of John Smart\u2019s early work. The unknown sitter has blue eyes and wears a light blue coat embroidered in gold, a white waistcoat, and a high white collar with a lace frill down the front. He also dons a powdered wig\u2014still fashionable in 1770. While the sitter\u2019s cheeks are flushed with a delicate pink, his complexion does not have the ruddy quality so often seen in Smart\u2019s later work. The intricate gold embroidery on the sitter\u2019s jacket exemplifies the ornamentation lavished upon menswear during the early and mid-eighteenth century\u2014a male fashion trend replaced two decades later by one that stressed greater sobriety. The date on the miniature is difficult to decipher but probably reads 1770. Not only is the date in keeping with its size, but the number 0 is elevated, as is the case in another Smart miniature in the Cleveland Museum of Art\u2019s collection, <em>Portrait of Constantine Phipps</em>, also dated 1770. Furthermore, as early as 1948, Smart expert Arthur Jaff\u00e9 was casting doubt that the portrait could have been painted at any date later than 1773 because of the nature of the costume.<br><br>The miniature is housed in a period gold frame with a pin on the back, indicating that it was worn as jewelry. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, miniatures were commonly worn, especially by women, mounted on rings, bracelets, necklaces, or, in this case, a brooch. The back features a coat of arms placed in a cartouche. The formation of the arms is that of a cross <em>raguly gules</em>, or red indented cross. The color red is conveyed in engraving through vertical perpendicular lines. The cartouche is surmounted by what appear to be either four broken columns or a crenellated wall, terminating in a sky or bits of foliage. The cross raguly gules, as seen on the back of the frame, is the basic element of the coat of arms of the Lawrence family in England, though there are numerous modifications and additions among the various branches of the family.<br><br>A possible candidate for the identity of this sitter is Sir Soulden Lawrence (1751\u20131814), who graduated from St. John\u2019s College, Cambridge, in 1771, embarked on a legal career, and became justice of the Court of King\u2019s Bench in 1794. His book collection was bequeathed to St. John\u2019s library, wherein can be seen the bookplate containing his arms. The presence of this coat of arms on Soulden Lawrence\u2019s bookplate indicates that he may have been inclined to have the device inscribed on the frame of a portrait miniature as well. A portrait of Lawrence was painted by John Hoppner (1758\u20131810) around 1804. Over three decades would have separated the Smart and the Hoppner portraits, which could account for differences in the gentleman\u2019s appearance. Although the resemblance between the two portraits is not immediately striking, there are similarities in the softness of the eyes, the delicacy of the skin tone, and the expression of the mouth.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80014252"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1940.1219-portrait-of-a-man-po"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot, and R. G. Boisgirard. <em>Tableaux et aquarelles ... miniatures ... objets de vitrine du XVe au XIXe sie\u0300cle</em>. 1939.", "page_number": "lot 90, pl. III", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Portrait Miniatures; The Edward B. Greene Collection.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, no. 33; Reproduced: pl. VIII, no. 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n55"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 467", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n85"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n178"}, {"citation": "Smart, John, and Rose E. Taggart. <em>John Smart - Miniaturist, 1741/42-1811: Starr Collection of Consecutively Dated Miniatures and Special Loan Exhibition : William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, Kansas City, Missouri, Decmeber 9, 1965 to January 2, 1966</em>. Kansas City, Mo: The Gallery, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n178"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n214"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto.<em> Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl<em>. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 29, pp. 143-145", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1940.1219", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "181320", "filename": "1940.1219_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1790828", "filename": "1940.1219_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_full.tif", "width": "5353", "height": "5353", "filesize": "85992224", "filename": "1940.1219_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "204117"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1888114"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5353", "height": "5353", "filesize": "85992936"}, "date_created": "2025-08-15T16:23:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "796", "height": "893", "filesize": "120041"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3032", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1294248"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5612", "height": "6292", "filesize": "105954544"}, "date_created": "2013-02-13T15:13:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "893", "filesize": "130017"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2951", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1237960"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4150", "height": "4781", "filesize": "59546508"}, "date_created": "2013-02-13T15:49:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "121676"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1273390"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023516"}, "date_created": "2013-02-13T16:34:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "777", "height": "893", "filesize": "508627"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2958", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5787207"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3012", "height": "3462", "filesize": "31325276"}, "date_created": "2008-09-26T19:46:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "460995"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5029784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1940.1219/1940.1219_alt5_full.tif", "width": "2772", "height": "3587", "filesize": "29862836"}, "date_created": "2008-09-25T19:21:46", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 119033, "creators": [{"id": 3691, "description": "John I Smart (British, 1741\u20131811)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "John Smart is often regarded as the most skilled painter of portrait miniatures at the height of the art form\u2019s popularity in late-eighteenth-century Britain. While the free style and white and blue color palette of his rival Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821) conjured up the glamour of fashionable society, Smart\u2019s attention to minute detail, saturated colors, and frank conveyance of likeness and character attracted a different type of clientele, one who prized these qualities <br>above Cosway\u2019s homogenized modishness.  <br>Information is limited about Smart\u2019s life and career, so much so that while G. C. Williamson had penned the definitive biographies of Cosway, George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and Andrew Plimer (1763\u20131837) by 1905, it wasn\u2019t until 1964 that a biography of Smart appeared.  Little is known about the artist\u2019s early training beyond evidence suggesting that before the age of fourteen, he was winning prizes from the Society of Arts for his drawings and, like Cosway, was an apprentice in William Shipley\u2019s London school in St. Martin\u2019s Lane.  Smart exhibited for several years as an active member and eventually president of the Society of Artists of Great Britain before seeking his fortune as a miniature painter in India, where he lived between 1785 and 1795, hoping to secure patronage from wealthy princes and those <br>involved in England\u2019s growing trade market. Works from this period are signed with the initial I, signifying India. <br>Unlike Cosway, an ostentatious showman, Smart lived and worked quietly, settling in London after his return from India and exhibiting at the Royal Academy. His style, which changed little throughout his career, is characterized by a meticulous description of a sitter\u2019s countenance through the use of delicate stippling, often featuring wrinkles, crow\u2019s feet around the eyes, and a slightly upturned mouth that suggests joviality. Unlike his contemporaries Cosway, Engleheart, and Plimer, whose backgrounds most often featured blue and white cloudy skies, Smart painted his backgrounds in varying shades of browns, greens, and grays. The size of the artist\u2019s miniatures expanded over time, measuring around 11/ 2 inches until about 1775, then 2 inches until around 1790, and 3 inches thereafter. Though <br>highly sought after in his time, Smart\u2019s work grew even more popular among collectors following his death. The Cleveland Museum of Art has a total of twenty-three portraits by Smart: seven gentlemen sitters painted on ivory and sixteen preparatory drawings of men and women.  Of the seven miniatures on ivory, two date from 1770, three from <br>Smart\u2019s years in India, and two after his 1795 return to London.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1741", "death_year": "1811", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1940-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Man", "Young Man in Blue"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:09:24.167000"}, {"id": 75551, "accession_number": "2020.111", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Tulips, 1914. Henri Matisse (French, 1869\u20131954). Oil on canvas; unframed: 95.6 x 70.8 cm (37 5/8 x 27 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift, 2020.111. \u00a9 Succession H. Matisse / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Tulips", "creation_date": "1914", "creation_date_earliest": 1914, "creation_date_latest": 1914, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 95.6 x 70.8 cm (37 5/8 x 27 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.956, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.708, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "framed": {"height": 1.143, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.895, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.067, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Succession H. Matisse / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's signature:  \u2018Henri.Matisse\u2019", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Henri Matisse. G</em>alerien Thannhauser, Berlin, Germany (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Henri Matisse</em>. Kunsthalle, Basel, Switzerland (August 9\u2013September 15, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-09-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masters of the 19th and 20th Centuries. </em>Marlborough Gallery, New York, NY (November 5\u2013December 2, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-12-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the Artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, France, April 4, 1914, acquired from the artist)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Bernheim-Jeune, Paris, France, June 5, 1914, sold to Fritz Gurlitt)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Guy-Patrice Dauberville and Michel Dauberville, <em>Matisse: Henri Matisse chez Bernheim-Jeune</em> (Paris: Bernheim-Jeune, 1995), vol. I, p. 533, cat. no. 141, ill.</div>"], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Galerie Thannhauser, Berlin Germany)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->This painting was included in the exhibition \u201cHenri Matisse,\u201d at the Galerien Thannhauser, Berlin, in 1930, cat. no. 24. See also <em>Masters of the 19th and 20th Centuries</em> (New York: Marlborough Gallery, 1986), cat. no. 31.</div>"], "date": "possibly by 1930", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Galerien Mattiesen, Berlin, Germany sold to Karl Bett)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->\u201cHenri Matisse,\u201d Kunsthalle, Basel, Switzerland, August 9 \u2013 September 15, 1931, cat. no. 43, noted this painting was in the Collection de Monsieur Karl Bett, Berlin.</div>"], "date": "by 1931", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Karl Bett, Berlin, Germany and Hampstead, London, sold to Marlborough Fine Art, London, and E.V. Thaw and Co., New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Provenance between 1930 and 1996 is according to <em>Masters of the 19th and 20th Centuries</em> (New York: Marlborough Gallery, 1986), cat. no. 31, and documentation supplied by Richard Feigen and Co. in the curatorial file.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "about 1985", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Sold at Christie's New York, NY, April 30, 1996, lot 52)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1996", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Sold at Phillips de Pury & Luxembourg, New York, NY, May 7, 2001, lot 36)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "May 7, 2001", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Private collection, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Richard Feigen and Co., New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2001\u20132020", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Matisse once wrote that he felt as though all the natural charm was lost from a bouquet of flowers picked from his garden when he arranged them.", "description": "At first glance, this painting is a straightforward still life in which the glow of red blossoms is heightened by a cool green and turquoise interior. Knowing that <em>Tulips </em>was painted in the spring of 1914 shortly before the outbreak of World War I, however, suggests a melancholy atmosphere. In this context, the dark vertical stripe behind the flowers has been interpreted as symbolic of the threat of war.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87480810"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Purrmann, Hans. <em>Henri Matisse</em>. Berlin, Germany: Galerien Thannhauser, 1930.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16, no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Henri Matisse. Kunsthalle, Basel, 9. August-15 September 1931.</em> Basel: Kunsthalle, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 12, no. 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Flam, Jack D. <em>Matisse, the Man and His Art, 1869-1918</em>. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 380; Reproduced: P. 384, fig. 381", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masters of the 19th and 20th Centuries: 5 November-2 December 1986, Marlborough Gallery, Inc.</em> New York, N.Y.: Marlborough Gallery, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dauberville, Guy-Patrice, and Michel Dauberville. <em>Matisse: Henri Matisse chez Bernheim-Jeune</em>. Paris, France: Bernheim-Jeune, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. 1, P. 533, no. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Historic Gift. Longtime CMA supporters Joseph and Nancy Keithley give 114 works, the largest gift in more than 60 years.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>60, no. 3 (Summer 2020): Cover, 6-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 8; Mentioned: P. 7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Modern European Painting.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 132-139, 142-149. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 138-139; Mentioned: p. 267", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brown, Heather Lemonedes. \u201cColor, Sensation, and Memory: Themes in the Keithleys\u2019 gift and promised gift.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>62, no. 3, 2022: 4-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 5.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Exhibitions: Transformative Gift.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques </em>XLV, no. 10 (November 2022): 48-53.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.111", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 75551, "creators": [{"id": 2130, "description": "Henri Matisse (French, 1869\u20131954)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1869", "death_year": "1954", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1914, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1914", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:38.986000"}, {"id": 138689, "accession_number": "1963.103", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Square Wine Container (Fangyou), c. 1250\u20131046 BCE. China, Henan province, probably Anyang, Shang dynasty (c. 1600\u2013c. 1046 BCE), Anyang phase (c. 1250\u20131046 BCE). Bronze; overall: 26.7 x 13.4 cm (10 1/2 x 5 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1963.103", "current_location": "241A Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Square Wine Container (Fangyou)", "creation_date": "c. 1250\u20131046 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1260, "creation_date_latest": -1036, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Henan province, probably Anyang, Shang dynasty (c. 1600\u2013c. 1046 BCE), Anyang phase (c. 1250\u20131046 BCE)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Shang Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 26.7 x 13.4 cm (10 1/2 x 5 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.267, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.134, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304413, "title": "Science within Art", "description": "<i>Science within Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-April 20, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(S. Kriger, Inc., Washington, DC, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131963", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bird motif decoration of this bronze is uncommon; more often these bronzes are decorated with a combination of birds and dragons.", "description": "From the finely proportioned body to the elaborate decoration cast with great precision, this ritual wine vessel displays the artistic refinement and technical virtuosity that marked the full blossoming of late Shang bronze art. The dramatic contrast of the crested birds (<em>kuifeng</em>) against the dense background of spiral patterns (<em>leiwen</em>) gives the vessel a new force, clarity, and intense vitality. The distinctive square body also places it as a rare and important type among the more usual round or ovoid types.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754024"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.103-square-wine-containe"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Huang Jun [Huang Ch\u00fcn] \u9ec4\u6fec. <em>Ye zhong pian yu </em>[\u9134\u4e2d\u7247\u7fbd = An-yang antiquities]. Beiping: Zunguzhai \u5c0a\u53e4\u9f4b, 1935.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Pt. 2, I, pl. 17B", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rong, Geng [Jung Keng] \u5bb9\u5e9a. <em>Shang Zhou yi qi tong kao </em>[\u5546\u5468\u5f5d\u5668\u901a\u8003 = The Bronzes of Shang and Chou]. Beiping: Harvard-Yenching Institute \u54c8\u4f5b\u71d5\u4eac\u5b78\u793e, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: I. p. 416; II, fig. 627", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mizuno, Seiichi \u6c34\u91ce\u6e05\u4e00. <em>In Shu\u0304 seido\u0304ki to tama </em>\u6bb7\u5468\u9752\u9285\u5668\u3068\u7389. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nihon Keizai Shinbunsha \u65e5\u672c\u7d4c\u6e08\u65b0\u805e\u793e, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \u201cThe Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art\u201d (1994).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 292, no. 68; Reproduced: p. 283, no. 68", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974"}, {"citation": "\u201cOriental Art Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1963.\u201d <em>Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America</em> 18 (1964): 69\u201391.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 8, p. 71", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20067074"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-Kam. \u201cShang and Chou Bronzes.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 7 (September 1964): 175\u2013187.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 175, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152007"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n268"}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 244", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n268"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 324", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n344"}, {"citation": "Watson, William. <em>L\u2019art de L\u2019ancienne Chine</em>. Paris: Mazenod, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 204, p. 383", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 24\u201325", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 76, p. 72 and 118", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"A Connoisseur's Eye, A Scholar's Mind: The Legacy of Sherman Lee.\" <em>Orientations </em>vol. 40, no. 5 (2009).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 24-25", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.103", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "893", "filesize": "363660", "filename": "1963.103_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_print.jpg", "width": "2427", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5252118", "filename": "1963.103_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_full.tif", "width": "4380", "height": "6135", "filesize": "80645368", "filename": "1963.103_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "391768"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2551", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5525827"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3648", "height": "4862", "filesize": "53243900"}, "date_created": "2009-09-30T19:31:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "794", "filesize": "260543"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3001", "filesize": "2189337"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5404", "height": "4770", "filesize": "77356952"}, "date_created": "2009-09-30T19:36:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "847", "height": "893", "filesize": "753843"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3225", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9667021"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4584", "height": "4832", "filesize": "66489888"}, "date_created": "2009-09-30T19:39:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1217", "height": "893", "filesize": "917738"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2494", "filesize": "6657915"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "3662", "filesize": "54877480"}, "date_created": "2009-09-30T19:23:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "637", "height": "893", "filesize": "363111"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2427", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5160544"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4380", "height": "6135", "filesize": "80645376"}, "date_created": "2009-03-27T15:27:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "663", "height": "893", "filesize": "353000"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2525", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5260599"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4502", "height": "6062", "filesize": "81904412"}, "date_created": "2009-03-27T15:39:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "612", "height": "893", "filesize": "326408"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2331", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4776325"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4257", "height": "6208", "filesize": "79313192"}, "date_created": "2009-03-27T15:55:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "435474"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "1226", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1411096"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.103/1963.103_alt7_full.tif", "width": "1226", "height": "1536", "filesize": "5651636"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138689, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1260, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1250\u20131046 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Fangyou (Covered Jar)", "Ritual Wine Vessel: Fangyou ", "Square Wine Bucket", "Fang-yu: Square Bucket", "Square Wine Bucket (Fang you)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:06:30.408000"}, {"id": 148008, "accession_number": "1975.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Black-Figure Hydria (Water Vessel): Frontal Quadriga (Body); Theseus and Minotaur (Shoulder), c. 520 BCE. Attributed to Antimenes Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 530\u2013510 BCE). Ceramic; overall: 43.2 cm (17 in.); diameter of rim: 24.7 cm (9 3/4 in.); diameter of foot: 15.2 cm (6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1975.1", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Black-Figure Hydria (Water Vessel): Frontal Quadriga (Body); Theseus and Minotaur (Shoulder)", "creation_date": "c. 520 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -525, "creation_date_latest": -515, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greece, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 43.2 cm (17 in.); Diameter of rim: 24.7 cm (9 3/4 in.); Diameter of foot: 15.2 cm (6 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.432, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "diameter of rim": {"width": 0.247, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.152, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302170, "title": "Year in Review: 1975", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1975</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 3-March 7, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-02-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Das Tier in der Antike</em>, Arch\u00e4ologisches Institut der Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (9/21/1974 - 11/17/1974).", "opening_date": "1974-09-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (30 June-5 September 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1975-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This type of water vessel, a <em>hydria</em>, takes its name from <em>hudor</em>, Greek for water (and still familiar in the English root <em>hydro</em>).", "description": "Although their subjects differ, the three fields of figured decoration on this vessel relate to one another metaphorically through the theme of victory. 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Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 5188", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/1FCD5A83-F3FC-4B0E-A31C-2EC6893B12CD"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara. \"A Trio of Late Black-Figure Vase Painters.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 2 (1979): 50-66.", "page_number": "pp. 50-54, figs. 1, 2, 4.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159617."}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "pp. 29-31, FIGS.2-3, PLS.(1812-1814) 66.1, 67.1-2, 68.1-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Das Tier in der Antike: 400 Werke a\u0308gyptischer, griechischer, etruskischer und ro\u0308mischer Kunst aus privatem und o\u0308ffetlichem Besitz</em>. Zu\u0308rich: Archa\u0308ologisches Institut der Universita\u0308t Zu\u0308rich, 1974.", "page_number": "p. 39, no. 225, pl. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1975.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 2 (1976): 31-71.", "page_number": "p. 34, fig. 1, 65, no. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624"}, {"citation": "<em>Gazette des Beaux Arts</em> (March 1976).", "page_number": "p. 32, no, 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Moon, Warren G. and Louise Berge. <em>Greek Vase-Painting in Midwestern Collections</em>. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago,1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 106-107, cat. 61", "url": "http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0045%3Aentry%3D61"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12-13; Reproduced: fig. 14, p. 12, color plate 14 after p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korshak, Yvonne. <em>Frontal Faces in Attic Vase Painting of the Archaic Period</em>. Chicago: Ares Publishers, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 141, Fig. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burow, Johannes. <em>Der Antimenesmaler.</em> Mainz/Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 104, no, 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n24"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brody, Lisa R., Matthew Hargraves, and James Arnold Higginbotham. <em>Figures from the Fire: J. Pierpont Morgan's Ancient Bronzes at the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art</em>. Wadsworth Athenaeum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT, in association with Paul Holberton Publishing, London. 2023.", "page_number": "Discussed p. 24, Fig. 8-9. p. 29.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sigalas, Vanessa, Jennifer Tonkovich, and Linda Horvitz Roth. Morgan the Collector: Essays in Honor of Linda Roth's 40th Anniversary at the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art. Stuttgart : Arnoldsche, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 74, no. 5", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.1/1975.1_web.jpg", "width": "784", "height": "900", "filesize": "169518", "filename": "1975.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.1/1975.1_print.jpg", "width": "2963", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1773387", "filename": "1975.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.1/1975.1_full.tif", "width": "10335", "height": "11859", "filesize": "367716712", "filename": "1975.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.1/1975.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "784", "height": "900", "filesize": "126115"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.1/1975.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2963", "height": "3400", "filesize": 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Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148008, "creators": [{"id": 10915, "description": "Antimenes Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 530\u2013510 BCE)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-02-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -525, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 520 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:36:29.772000"}, {"id": 95265, "accession_number": "1916.1038", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tannh\u00e4user, 1886. Henri Fantin-Latour (French, 1836\u20131904). Oil on canvas; framed: 123.5 x 139.5 x 14 cm (48 5/8 x 54 15/16 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 86.4 x 103.3 cm (34 x 40 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1038", "current_location": null, "title": "Tannh\u00e4user", "creation_date": "1886", "creation_date_earliest": 1886, "creation_date_latest": 1886, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 123.5 x 139.5 x 14 cm (48 5/8 x 54 15/16 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 86.4 x 103.3 cm (34 x 40 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.235, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.395, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.14, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.864, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.033, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: Fantin 86\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312333, "title": "French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections", "description": "<i>French Drawings and Watercolors from French Public and Private Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 6-February 15, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312176, "title": "19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century French Art and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. Loans</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 22-September 1, 1943).", "opening_date": "1943-06-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515708, "title": "Fifteenth Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>Fifteenth Anniversary Exhibition</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (November 4, 1965-January 2, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515936, "title": "Henri Fantin-Latour", "description": "<i>Henri Fantin-Latour</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (April 28-June 6, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-04-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 229779, "title": "Richard Wagner: Visions d'artistes. D'Auguste Renoir \u00e0 Anselm Kiefer", "description": "<i>Richard Wagner: Visions d'artistes. D'Auguste Renoir \u00e0 Anselm Kiefer</i>. Mus\u00e9e Rath, Geneva, Switzerland (September 22, 2005-January 29, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-09-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 195556, "title": "Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889", "description": "<i>Paul Gauguin: Paris, 1889</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 18, 2010); Van Gogh Museum, 1070 AJ Amsterdam, Netherlands (February 18-June 6, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Salon</em>. Palais des Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es, Paris, France. (1886).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Liverpool Autumn Exhibition.</em> Walker Art Gallery Liverpool, United Kingdom (1888).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Universelle Internationale de 1889. </em>Paris, France (1889).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>World's Columbian Exposition</em>. Chicago, IL. (1893).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>The Cleveland Art Loan Exposition under the Auspices of the Cleveland School of Art.</em> Kinney and Levan Building, Cleveland, OH (1913).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Bought from the artist by Durand-Ruel, Paris, France, February 21, 1890 (stock number 2636),", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1890", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sold to Durand-Ruel, New York, NY, March 6, 1890 (stock number 1000)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1890", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, New York, NY, January 4, 1891, sold to J. H. Wade)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1890-1891", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. J.H. Wade, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1891-1916", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "As he will eventually return to reality, Tannh\u00e4user, the singer in the lower left, is painted in dark tones. In contrast, his vision into another realm is evoked by the soft muted hues of Venus and her court.", "description": "Tannh\u00e4user, the male figure seated on the left, does not seem fully engaged in this merry scene. Among pale bodies and pastel hues, he alone is cast in shadow. The Wagner opera that inspired the painting centers on a struggle between profane and sacred love, and the tension between them appears embodied in the brooding Tannh\u00e4user.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502353"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1038-tannhauser"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Illustrated Catalogue of the Liverpool Corporation Autumn Exhibition of Pictures at the Walker Art Gallery, 1888</em>. Liverpool, United Kingdom: D. Marples, 1888.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jullien, Adolphe. <em>Fantin-Latour, sa vie et ses amitie\u0301s; lettres ine\u0301dites et souvenirs personnels, avec cinquante-trois reproductions d'\u0153uvres du maitre, tire\u0301es a part, six autographes et vingt-deux illustrations dans le texte</em>. Paris, France: L. Laveur, 1909.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54; Mentioned p. 205", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fantin-Latour, Victoria. <em>Catalogue de l'\u0153uvre complet (1849-1904) de Fantin-Latour, e\u0301tabli et re\u0301dige\u0301.</em> Paris: H. Floury, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 130, no. 1254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Warner, Langdon. \"The Wade Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art IV</em>, no. 1 (January, 1917): 3-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Wade Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 1 (1917): 3-12.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; reproduced: p. 7", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136053"}, {"citation": "McK., W. McC. \"Fantin-Latour Lithographs.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 7, no. 9 (1920): 135-38.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 136", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136419"}, {"citation": "Gibson, Frank F. <em>The Art of Henri Fantin-Latour: His Life and Work</em>. London, United Kingdom: Drane's Ltd, 1924.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65; Mentioned: p. 212-213", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n30"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n40"}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland. </em>Thesis M.A. Oberlin College,1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: V. 2, P. 251", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 500", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n92"}, {"citation": "Curry, Larry. \"Henri Fantin-Latour's Tannhauser on Venusberg.\" <em>Bulletin/Los Angeles County Museum of Art </em>XVI, no. 1 (1964): 3-19.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P.16-18", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n194"}, {"citation": "<em>Fiftieth Anniversary Exhibition, 1915-1965. </em>Minneapolis, MN: Minneapolis Institute of Arts,1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Henri Fantin-Latour, 1836-1904; An Exhibition</em>. Northhampton, MA: Smith College, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trapp, Frank Anderson. \"Fantin-Latour at Smith College.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 108, no. 760 (July 1966): 393-94.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 394, fig. 80", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/875039."}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n194"}, {"citation": "Druick, Douglas W. and Michel Hoog. <em>Fantin-Latour: Exhibition</em>. Ottawa, Ontario: National Gallery of Canada, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 278", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wardius, Janine N. \"Fantin-Latour's Tannhauser Unveiled: The Previous State of the Painting as Revealed by Infrared Photography.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXVI</em>, no.10 (October, 1989): 280-291.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 208", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P.74", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Se\u0301rie\u0301, Pierre, Bruno Foucart, and Peter Cooke. La Peinture d'Histoire en France, 1860-1900: La Lyre Ou le Poignard. Paris, France: Arthena Editions, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 423-424", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carr, Carolyn Kinder. <em>Sara Tyson Hallowell: Pioneer Curator and Art Advisor in the Gilded Age. </em>Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1038", "images": {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1038/1916.1038_web.jpg", "width": "1078", "height": "893", "filesize": "726724", "filename": "1916.1038_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1038/1916.1038_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2817", "filesize": "7170080", "filename": "1916.1038_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1038/1916.1038_full.tif", "width": "4910", "height": "4068", "filesize": "59954500", "filename": "1916.1038_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95265, "creators": [{"id": 1862, "description": "Henri Fantin-Latour (French, 1836\u20131904)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "At the age of ten, Henri Fantin-Latour began painting with his father, Th\u00e9odore Fantin-Latour (1805-1875). In 1850 he left Grenoble and moved to Paris to study under Horace Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1802-1897), an innovative and nontraditional instructor who developed and published his own unique teaching method based on painting and drawing from memory. Fantin studied with him for six years and then attended the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts for less than a year in 1854. Encouraged by J. A. M. Whistler (1834-1903), whom he met in 1858 at the Louvre, Fantin-Latour made several trips to London from 1859 to 1881, where he exhibited at the Royal Academy. London collectors appreciated his still lifes, and he began accepting numerous portrait commissions from English patrons. It was in London, through Whistler's brother-in-law Francis Seymour Haden (1818-1910), that Fantin first learned to etch. After his first Salon submissions were rejected in 1859, Fantin, in an effort to become better known in France, began exhibiting with his friend Manet (q.v.) and future impressionists Renoir (q.v.) and Monet (q.v.). In 1865 Fantin wrote collector Edwin Edwards: \"We form a group and make noise because there are lots of painters about and one is easily overlooked. When we get together . . . we gain strength in numbers and grow more adventurous. I thought it could last. That was my mistake.\" Unlike the realists and the impressionists, Fantin did not paint out of doors; rather, he preferred literary subjects, still lifes, and portraits that could be painted in his studio. In addition to portraits and still lifes, he made numerous paintings and more than 150 prints that were fantasy works and dream visions, paving the way for symbolist artists. These works were inspired by allegorical and mythological subjects as well as motivated by contemporary German composers such as Schumann and Wagner. After Fantin's death in 1904, critic Ren\u00e9-Marc Ferry wrote: \"when he found realism too limited and stifling, he lost himself in dreams, but his dreams went no further than the windows of his studio. Deep down, he was first and foremost a studio artist.\"1\r\n1. Druick and Hoog 1982, 28.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1836", "death_year": "1904", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-10-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1886, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1886", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:00.343000"}, {"id": 130553, "accession_number": "1953.286", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Christ at the Column, 1756. Johann Baptist Hagenauer (Austrian, 1732\u20131810). Gilt bronze; overall: 19.6 x 10.2 x 11.3 cm (7 11/16 x 4 x 4 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1953.286", "current_location": null, "title": "Christ at the Column", "creation_date": "1756", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1756, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 19.6 x 10.2 x 11.3 cm (7 11/16 x 4 x 4 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.196, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.102, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.113, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "at base of stake:  IOANNES HAGENAUER SALISBURGENSIS INVENIT ED FECIT 1756.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 703169, "title": "The Age of Excellence: Rococo and It's Effect", "description": "<i>The Age of Excellence: Rococo and It's Effect</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (April 25-June 14, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520873, "title": "Baroque Sculpture", "description": "<i>Baroque Sculpture</i>. Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA (organizer) (March 7-27, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 336672, "title": "Central Europe: 1600-1800", "description": "<i>Central Europe: 1600-1800</i>. John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (organizer) (January 27-February 27, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441340, "title": "Georg Raphael Donner", "description": "<i>Georg Raphael Donner</i>. Osterreichische Galeri, Vienna, Austria (organizer) (May 1-August 1, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-05-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Darmstadt, Germany, Deutsches Barock und Rokoko, 1914, vol. I, p. L, vol. II, pl. 1126.", "opening_date": "1914-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Vienna, Sch\u00f6nbrunn, Maria-Theresia Ausstellung, 1930, p. 156, no. 8, illus. (date incorrectly cited as \"1786\").", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Paris, France, Mus\u00e9e du Jeu de Paume, 1937, Exposition d'Art Autrichien, 1937, cat. no. 104, illus. pl. 21.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Zurich, Austria, Kunsthaus, Osterreichische Kunst, 1937, no. 129.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Bern, Switzerland, Kunstmuseum, Kunst und Kunstgewerbe, Sonderausstellung, Privat-sammlung &lt;Dr. E. Delmar&gt;,\"1939-40, cat. no. 13, pl. 13.", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Lawrence, Kansas, University of Kansas Museum of Art, German and Austrian Sculpture of the Eighteenth Century, October 15 to November 30, 1955. cat. no.5.", "opening_date": "1955-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Kansas City, MO, William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art, The Century of Mozart, Jan. 15 to Mar. 4, 1956. cat. no.51.", "opening_date": "1956-01-03T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Baltimore, MD, The Baltimore Museum of Art, The Age of Elegance: Rococo and its Effect, April 25 to June 14, 1959. no. 285 in catalog; repr. p. 74.", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Oberlin, OH, Allen Memorial Art Museum, October 29- December 15, 1991: \"Art in the Age of Mozart,\"", "opening_date": "1991-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Emil Delmar [1876-1959], Budapest, Hungary, sold to R. Stora and Company", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1913-52", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(R. Stora and Company, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-53", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "With the energy of the imbalanced composition, Hagenauer emphasizes this heightened moment of the Passion of Christ.", "description": "Considered to be one of the masterpieces of his youth, Hagenauer cast this bronze while a student at the Vienna Academy, where he studied between 1754 and 1759. The authorship and date is verified by an inscription found at the base of the stake: IOANNES HAGENAUER SALISBURGENSIS INVENIT ED FECIT 1756. This signature appears on several of Hagenauer's early works.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79912422"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.286-christ-at-the-column"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hans Friedeberger, \"Die Jahrhundertausstellung deutscher Kunst 1650-1800, Darmstadt 1914, Mu\u0308nchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, VIII (1913)", "page_number": "305, figure 25.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Biermann, Georg. <em>Deutsches Barock und Rokoko</em>. Leipzig: E.E. Schwabach, 1914.", "page_number": "p. 656 no.1126, repr; listed p. LXXVI.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Georg Sobotka, \"Johann Baptist Hagenauer,\" Jahrbuch des Kunsthistorischen Institutes, Wien, XIV (1920)", "page_number": "4-6, figures 3, 34", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tietze-Conrat, E. <em>O\u0308sterreichische barockplastik</em>. Wien: A. Schroll &amp; Co., g. m. b. h, 1920.", "page_number": "p. 31, pl. 87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Hagenauer,\" Thieme-Becker, vol. XV, (1922)", "page_number": "466", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Planiscig, Leo. <em>Die Bronzeplastiken: Statuetten, Reliefs, Gera\u0308te und Plaketten : Katalog mit den Abb</em>. sa\u0308mtlicher Stu\u0308cke. 1924", "page_number": "cat. no. 378.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stix, Alfred. <em>Exposition d'art autrichien: mai-juin, 1937</em>. Paris: Braun, 1937.", "page_number": "p. 21, plate 21, cat. no.104", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kunstmuseum Bern. <em>Kunst und Kunstgewerbe: Sonderausstellung 1939/40</em>. [Bern]: Kunstmuseum, 1940.", "page_number": "#13, listed and repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Feulner, Adolf, and Theodor Mu\u0308ller. <em>Geschichte der deutschen Plastik</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: F. Bruckmann, 1953.", "page_number": "vol. II, 593-94, figure 487", "url": ""}, {"citation": "W. M. Milliken, \"'Christ at the Column' by Hagenauer,\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art, XLI (March 1954), Cleveland, Ohio", "page_number": "p.48, 53, p. 49 repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Edward A. Maser, \"A Monument for a Patron of Mozart,\" University of Kansas. The Register of the Museum of Art (January 1956)", "page_number": "67, n. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 256", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n54"}, {"citation": "William Mathewson Milliken, <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1958", "page_number": "p. 44, repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Edward A. Maser, \"German and Austrian Rococo in American Collections,\" Connoisseur, CXLV (March 1960)", "page_number": "p. 133-4, figure 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jennifer Montagu, <em>Bronzes, Pleasures and Treasures</em> (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1963)", "page_number": "p. 105, figure 113", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eberhard Hempel, <em>Baroque Art and Architecture in Central Europe</em>, trans. Elisabeth Hempel and Marguerite Kay, Pelican History of Art (Harmondsworth/Baltimore: Penguin, 1965)", "page_number": "p. 295", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jewett Art Center, <em>Baroque Sculpture and the Decorative Arts: A Loan Exhibition</em> (Wellesley, MA,: Wellesley College, 1965)", "page_number": "no. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Baroque Sculpture and the Decorative Arts, </em>Wellesley: Wellesley College Jewish Arts Center, March 1965", "page_number": "fig. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n173"}, {"citation": "Hans R. Weihrauch, <em>Europ\u00e4ische Bronzestatuetten</em>, (Braunschweig: Klinckhardt and Biermann, 1967)", "page_number": "p. 442, figure 525", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n173"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Ditner, David Charles. <em>Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century European Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>PhD. Dissertation (Ohio, Case Western Reserve University, 1985)", "page_number": "p. 362", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Krapf, Michael, Sabine Grabner, <em>Georg Raphael Donner. 1693-1741,</em> (Wien, Austria: Osterreichische Galerie, 1993)", "page_number": "pp. 525-527, cat. #146, p. 527, repr.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galavics, Geza. <em>Budapesti Torteneti Muzeum. Baroque Art in Central-Europe</em> (Budapest: Budapesti Torteneti Muzeum, 1993)", "page_number": "mentioned p. 412", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brucher, Gunter, <em>Die Kunst des Barock in \u00d6sterreich,</em> (Salzburg: Residenz, 1994)", "page_number": "p. 189", "url": ""}, {"citation": "R\u00f3zsav\u00f6lgyi, Andrea. \"20 Years in Emigration. Emil Delmar and His Collection\" In <em>Hungary in context: studies on art and architecture</em>, edited by Anna Tu\u0308ske\u0301s, A\u0301ron To\u0301th, Miklo\u0301s Sze\u0301kely, pp. 239-251. Budapest: CentrArt, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 247-248", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.286", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "370344", "filename": "1953.286_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_print.jpg", "width": "2629", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4918633", "filename": "1953.286_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_full.tif", "width": "3198", "height": "4136", "filesize": "39746688", "filename": "1953.286_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "624", "height": "893", "filesize": "315761"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2375", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4497267"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3047", "height": "4362", "filesize": "39923148"}, "date_created": "2008-01-16T16:59:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "625", "height": "893", "filesize": "330826"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2380", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4439869"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2964", "height": "4234", "filesize": "37699996"}, "date_created": "2008-01-16T18:48:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "893", "filesize": "316314"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2468", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4620340"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.286/1953.286_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3166", "height": "4361", "filesize": "41477860"}, "date_created": "2008-01-16T19:06:34", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130553, "creators": [{"id": 12130, "description": "Johann Baptist Hagenauer (Austrian, 1732\u20131810)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1732", "death_year": "1810", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-07-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1756, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1756", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:45:09.768000"}, {"id": 100489, "accession_number": "1919.910", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Baron FitzGibbon, 1789. Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755\u20131828). Oil on canvas; framed: 272 x 181 x 11 cm (107 1/16 x 71 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 245 x 154 cm (96 7/16 x 60 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, General Income Fund, 1919.910", "current_location": "204 Colonial American", "title": "Baron FitzGibbon", "creation_date": "1789", "creation_date_earliest": 1789, "creation_date_latest": 1789, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 272 x 181 x 11 cm (107 1/16 x 71 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 245 x 154 cm (96 7/16 x 60 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 2.72, "height_inch": 107, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.81, "width_inch": 71, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 2.45, "height_inch": 96, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 1.54, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 206136, "title": "Gilbert Stuart", "description": "<i>Gilbert Stuart</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (October 18, 2004-January 16, 2005); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (March 27-July 31, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-18T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Gilbert Stuart (21 October 2004-16 January 2005); traveled to Washington, DC, for the National Portrait Gallery at the National Gallery of Art (27 March-31 July 2005) illus. cat. no. 19, p. 81; text pp. 75-83.", "opening_date": "2005-03-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Baron John FitzGibbon, 1st Earl of Clare [1748-1802],  County Limerick, by descent to his sons", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1789-probably 1802", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "John Fitzgibbon, 2nd Earl of Clare [1792-1851] and Richard Hobart Fitzgibbon, 3rd Earl of Clare [1793-1864], sons of Baron FitzGibbon1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Fitzgibbon sons likely received this painting upon the death of their father in 1802.</div>"], "date": "Probably 1802-1864", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Alexander James Beresford-Hope [1820-1887], Bedgebury, Kent, by descent to his son, Alexander James Beresford-Hope1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The painting passed to Beresford-Hope, a descendant of the first earl's sister, upon the death of the third earl, Richard Hobart Fitzgibbon, in 1864.</div>"], "date": "1864-1887", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Alexander James Beresford-Hope, Bedgebury, Kent1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Beresford-Hope received the painting upon the death of his father in 1887.</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Isaac Lewis, Esq. [1849-1927], Bedgebury, Kent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1919", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Bedgebury Mansion sale, Knight Frank & Rutley, London, May 12-19, 1919, no. 23, sold to Knoedler & Co.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1919-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This portrait was painted on a large piece of textured linen, likely a tablecloth.", "description": "A fearless politician who engineered the act of uniting Ireland with England, FitzGibbon was the newly appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland (whose duties included that of chief judge) when Stuart painted his portrait. The crownlike upper portion of FitzGibbon's mace, or ceremonial staff, is seen on the table at the right. Propped against the table is a satin and velvet purse embroidered with the royal coat of arms. Worn around the neck like an apron, the purse held the official texts of FitzGibbon's speeches. At the time he painted this work, Stuart was living in Dublin, having spent a dozen years in London. In fact, his Irish patrons regarded him as a British painter. Stuart returned to his native America in 1793, where he remained the rest of his life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503218"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1919.910-baron-fitzgibbon"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Margaret C. Conrads, Lauren Lessing, and Randall R. Griffey. <em>The Collections of the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art. American Paintings to 1945. </em>Vol. 1. Kansas City, Mo., Seattle, WA: Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art ; Distributed by University of Washington Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 505, 507, 508; reproduced p. 507.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Knight Frank &amp; Rutley. <em>Catalogue of the Contents of the Mansion of Bedgebury</em>. London: Knight Frank &amp; Rutley, 1919.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "L. P. \"Gilbert Stuart's Portrait of Lord Fitzgibbon.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 7, no. 1 (1920): 3-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: pp. 3-5", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136337"}, {"citation": "Park, Lawrence, John Hill Morgan, and Royal Cortissoz. <em>Gilbert Stuart; An Illustrated Descriptive List of His Works</em>. New York: W.E. Rudge, 1926.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kirsh, Andrea, and Rustin S. Levenson.<em> Seeing Through Paintings: Physical Examination in Art Historical Studies.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 30-31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46 - 47", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1919.910", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.910/1919.910_web.jpg", "width": "553", "height": "893", "filesize": "299009", "filename": "1919.910_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.910/1919.910_print.jpg", "width": "2106", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3970000", "filename": "1919.910_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1919.910/1919.910_full.tif", "width": "3716", "height": "6000", "filesize": "66918820", "filename": "1919.910_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "General Income Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Leigh and Mary Carter Gallery", "athena_id": 100489, "creators": [{"id": 2556, "description": "Gilbert Stuart (American, 1755\u20131828)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1755", "death_year": "1828", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1919-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1789, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1789", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:26:08.071000"}, {"id": 126239, "accession_number": "1948.458", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bird-shaped Vessel, 1100s. Iran, Seljuq period (1037\u20131194). Bronze, cast, with chased and chiseled decoration; eyes inlaid with blue glass; overall: 17.5 x 9.5 cm (6 7/8 x 3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1948.458", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Bird-shaped Vessel", "creation_date": "1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1199, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Seljuq period (1037\u20131194)"], "technique": "bronze, cast, with chased and chiseled decoration; eyes inlaid with blue glass", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 17.5 x 9.5 cm (6 7/8 x 3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.175, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.095, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Kufic inscription above tail feathers, undeciphered, possibly pseudo-inscription", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 701305, "title": "The Bird in Art", "description": "<i>The Bird in Art</i>. Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (organizer) (June 6-August 12, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 374836, "title": "Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest", "description": "<i>Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest</i>. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (organizer) (April 9-May 17, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518751, "title": "The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran", "description": "<i>The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (October 19, 1961-January 31, 1962); Villa H\u00fcgel, Essen, Germany (February 16-April 24, 1962); Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, CH-8024 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (May 17-July 22, 1962); Gemeentemuseum den Haag, The Hague, Netherlands (September 4-November 18, 1962); MAK, the \u00d6sterreichisches Museum f\u00fcr angewandte Kunst/Gegenwartskunst, Vienna, Austria (January 16-March 31, 1963).", "opening_date": "1961-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1948", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1948-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "There is an undeciphered Kufic inscription above the bird's tail feathers.", "description": "This bird-shaped vessel may have been used as a medieval water vessel (<em>aquamanile</em>) for pouring water used in handwashing\u2014an important element of secular and sacred rituals. In this piece, water could have been placed in the vessel through a hole in the bird\u2019s chest and then poured out through the hinged beak. Birds in Islamic art often represented messengers and protectors, or symbolized freedom of the spirit and soaring of the soul. Possibly the blue-green eyes were considered good luck charms to protect the owner from the evil eye and to ward off misfortune.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757294"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.458-bird-shaped-vessel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cPart II. Annual Report Issue for the Year 1948.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 36, no. 6, 1949, pp. 111\u2013142.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 117", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141566"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 709", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n129"}, {"citation": "<em>Persian Art Before And After the Mongol Conquest.: [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959. the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor</em>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 57, p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n233"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n233"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n285"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.458", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_web.jpg", "width": "1056", "height": "893", "filesize": "474630", "filename": "1948.458_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2875", "filesize": "5873491", "filename": "1948.458_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_full.tif", "width": "4768", "height": "4032", "filesize": "57700180", "filename": "1948.458_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "933", "height": "893", "filesize": "458686"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3255", "filesize": "6867851"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4131", "height": "3955", "filesize": "49041788"}, "date_created": "2011-08-11T19:07:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1077", "height": "893", "filesize": "497949"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2819", "filesize": "5767543"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4811", "height": "3989", "filesize": "57599804"}, "date_created": "2011-08-11T19:22:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "602", "height": "893", "filesize": "315620"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2291", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5045416"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.458/1948.458_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3171", "height": "4705", "filesize": "44785384"}, "date_created": "2011-08-11T19:40:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Edward L. 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Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, France (September 16, 2013-January 6, 2014); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (February 18-May 11, 2014); Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, 48001 Bilbao, Spain (June 13-September 21, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-09-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 444299, "title": "Path to Abstraction: Picasso, Braque, and Cubism\u2019s Impact on Modern Art - Reciprocal Loan", "description": "<i>Path to Abstraction: Picasso, Braque, and Cubism\u2019s Impact on Modern Art - Reciprocal Loan</i>. Arkansas Museum of Fine Arts, Little Rock, AR (organizer) (December 12, 2023-April 14, 2024) https://arkmfa.org/art/exhibitions/path-to-abstraction-picasso-braque-and-cubisms-impact-on-modern-art/.", "opening_date": "2023-12-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "sold to Paul Rosenberg [1881-1959], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(P. 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Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 243", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n263"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cTwo New Cubist Paintings by Juan Gris and Pablo Picasso.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 2 (February 1981): 39\u201350.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 40, fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159711"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.59", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-April 20, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309838, "title": "Mirrors: Art and Symbol", "description": "<i>Mirrors: Art and Symbol</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 3-November 18, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-07-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. 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G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg.<em> Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. </em>Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 27, Plate 43", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/browseCVARecord.asp?id={FE12C881-93FB-40A2-B168-C67741B90393}&startRef="}, {"citation": "Trendall, A. D., and Alexander Cambitoglou. <em>The Red-Figured Vases of Apulia</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 161, no. 6/216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Powell, Barry B. <em>Classical Myth</em>. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004.", "page_number": "p. 122, Fig. 5.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Todisco, Luigi, and Giuseppina Gadaleta. <em>La ceramica a figure rosse della Magna Grecia e della Sicilia</em>. 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China, Tang dynasty (618-907). Beaten gold with chased detail; part 1: 12 x 10.4 cm (4 3/4 x 4 1/8 in.); part 2: 13.3 x 10.7 cm (5 1/4 x 4 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.1083", "current_location": "239 Chinese Ceramics and Metalwork", "title": "Textile Ornaments(?): Pair of Phoenixes", "creation_date": "c. 700s", "creation_date_earliest": 700, "creation_date_latest": 799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Tang dynasty (618-907)"], "technique": "beaten gold with chased detail", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Tang Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Part 1: 12 x 10.4 cm (4 3/4 x 4 1/8 in.); Part 2: 13.3 x 10.7 cm (5 1/4 x 4 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.12, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.104, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "part 2": {"height": 0.133, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.107, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 445364, "title": "Early Chinese Gold and Silver", "description": "<i>Early Chinese Gold and Silver</i>. China Institute in America, New York, NY (organizer) (October 21, 1971-January 30, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "<i>China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Henry Trubner, Arts of the Tang Dynasty (Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1957), cat. 305", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paul Singer, Early Chinese Gold and Silver (China Institute in America, NY, 1971-72) cat. 52", "opening_date": "1971-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Barbara A. Kathman, A Cleveland Bestiary, CMA Dept. of Art History and Education, Oct. 14-December 9, 1981), fig. 44", "opening_date": "1981-10-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dayton Art Institute, \"Chinese Gold and Silver from the Tang Dynasty from American Collections,\" Showings: 11/3/1984-1/6/1985, Dayton; 2/5/1985-4/21/1985, Cooper Hewitt Museum, NY", "opening_date": "1984-11-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131942", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These two phoenix birds made of thin gold foil have tiny holes all along their edges, suggesting that they were sewn on textiles.", "description": "These two phoenix birds made of thin gold foil have tiny holes all along their edges, suggesting that they were sewn on textiles.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016985"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1083-textile-ornaments-pa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 49; Mentioned: p. 64, p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \"Art In New Dimensions: Chinese Miniature and Small Objects at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Arts of Asia </em>52, no. 4 (Winter 2022): 117\u2013121.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 120\u2013121, fig. 10", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1083", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1083/1942.1083_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "606", "filesize": "113997", "filename": "1942.1083_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1083/1942.1083_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2290", "filesize": "1163685", "filename": "1942.1083_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1083/1942.1083_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "5388", "filesize": "129341308", "filename": "1942.1083_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121207, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 700, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:14:39.569000"}, {"id": 153597, "accession_number": "1987.130", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Bridge of Palalda (near Amelieles-Bains) , 1851\u201352. Gustave Le Gray (French, 1820\u20131884). Salted paper print from waxed-paper negative; image: 23.8 x 32.7 cm (9 3/8 x 12 7/8 in.); matted: 50.8 x 61 cm (20 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1987.130", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "The Bridge of Palalda (near Amelieles-Bains) ", "creation_date": "1851\u201352", "creation_date_earliest": 1851, "creation_date_latest": 1852, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "salted paper print from waxed-paper negative", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "PH - French 19th Century", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 23.8 x 32.7 cm (9 3/8 x 12 7/8 in.); Matted: 50.8 x 61 cm (20 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.238, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.327, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "matted": {"height": 0.508, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.61, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written in pencil on recto of mount: \"Gustave LeGray c. 1851\"; in pencil on verso: \"Le Gray\"; \"g [in center of a triangle - monogram ?]\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1987</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 178867, "title": "Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 26-June 16, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197576, "title": "France at the Dawn of Photography", "description": "<i>France at the Dawn of Photography</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 24, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, February 24 - April 17, 1988: \"Year in Review 1987,\" CMA Bulletin, 75 (February 1988), p. 67, no. 65.", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 26 - June 16, 2005 . \"Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art\".", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (10/04/2009 - 01/24/2010); \"France at the Dawn of Photography\"", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sheer cliff seems to blend into the bridge mentioned in the work's title, resulting in visual uncertainty and spatial tension.", "description": "In 1851, Gustave Le Gray and his friend, photographer Auguste Mestral, traveled throughout southwestern France for the Commission of Historic French Monuments to document sites of historical importance, especially those in urgent need of, or undergoing, restoration. This image was taken from the left bank of the Tech River, situated below the old town of Palalda, four miles from the Spanish border. Le Gray stressed the rugged landscape over a close-up rendering of the ancient bridge, which was not on his list of assigned sites.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79939521"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.130-the-bridge-of-palald"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 221", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"The Monet of Photography.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 45, no. 4 (April 2005): 6-8.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-04/page/6/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.130", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.130/1987.130_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "658", "filesize": "306217", "filename": "1987.130_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.130/1987.130_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2484", "filesize": "2234326", "filename": "1987.130_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.130/1987.130_full.tif", "width": "6537", "height": "4776", "filesize": "93687824", "filename": "1987.130_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.130/1987.130_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1218", "height": "893", "filesize": "868294"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.130/1987.130_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2493", "filesize": "5254908"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.130/1987.130_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3666", "filesize": "55014356"}, "date_created": "2005-01-24T17:54:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.130/1987.130_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1218", "height": "893", "filesize": "877277"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.130/1987.130_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2493", "filesize": "5194185"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.130/1987.130_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3666", "filesize": "55019508"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 153597, "creators": [{"id": 568, "description": "Gustave Le Gray (French, 1820\u20131884)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Gustave Le Gray French, 1820-1884\r\n\r\nA master both technically and aesthetically, Gustave Le Gray (born in Villiers-le-Bel) was one of the most important figures in 19th-century French photography, bringing to the medium artistic integrity and visual imagination. Le Gray, trained as a painter, was exhibiting his work in the Paris Salons in the late 1840s and early 1850s when he became interested in photography. Along with Henri Le Secq and Charles N\u00e8gre, he was a student of Paul Delaroche, a painter of considerable reputation and ability who was one of the first to grasp the importance of photography.\r\n\tIn 1851 Le Gray announced his invention of a waxed paper negative, a significant improvement over earlier paper methods that was later adopted by Louis de Clercq, Dr. August Jakob Lorent, and others. That same year the Commission des Monuments historiques named him as one of five photographers of the Mission h\u00e9liographique, for which he produced well-known studies of army maneuvers at Chalons. Le Gray also worked with Fran\u00e7ois Arago, the scientist and champion of Louis-Jacques-Mand\u00e9 Daguerre, and later proposed a new method of toning prints, among other innovations.\r\n\tLe Gray was perhaps most admired for the effects he achieved with water and sky. To capture the subtle qualities of cloud patterns in some of his seascapes, he employed two negatives to produce the final image. His commissioned studies of historic monuments are classic examples of early architectural photography. In the early 1850s he worked in the Barbizon tradition at Fontainebleau and, in 1860, documented the uprising against Fran\u00e7ois II in Palermo. He was a founding member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 h\u00e9liographique and the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de photographie. Despite his influence and artistic success, Le Gray left Paris in 1865 to become a professor of design at the \u00c9cole Polytechnique in Cairo. He died in Egypt. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1820", "death_year": "1884", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-09-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1851, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1851\u201352", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-05 11:14:54.553000"}, {"id": 155006, "accession_number": "1989.56", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Notre Dame de Paris, early 1860s. Charles Soulier (French, 1840\u20131875). Albumen print from glass negative; image: 38 x 30.6 cm (14 15/16 x 12 1/16 in.); matted: 71.1 x 61 cm (28 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1989.56", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "Notre Dame de Paris", "creation_date": "early 1860s", "creation_date_earliest": 1860, "creation_date_latest": 1865, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "albumen print from glass negative", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "Photography", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 38 x 30.6 cm (14 15/16 x 12 1/16 in.); Matted: 71.1 x 61 cm (28 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.38, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.306, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "matted": {"height": 0.711, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.61, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310333, "title": "The Year in Review for 1989", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1989</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 6-April 15, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 189766, "title": "Industry and Photography: Selections from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Industry and Photography: Selections from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1997-March 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 178867, "title": "Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 26-June 16, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, Feb. 6 - April 15, 1990: \"Year in Review 1989,\" CMA Bulletin, 77 (Feb. 1990), p. 69, no. 57, repr. p. 61.", "opening_date": "1990-02-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; 11/16/97 - 3/1/98.  \"Industry and Photography:  Selections from the Permanent Collection.\"", "opening_date": "1997-11-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 26 - June 16, 2005 . \"Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art\".", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One of the major monuments of Paris, the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris was built in the 1100s, renovated in the 1700s, and in need of restoration by the 1800s.", "description": "When the popularity of Victor Hugo\u2019s novel <em>The Hunchback of Notre</em> <em>Dame</em> drew attention to the church, the state hired architect and preservationist Eug\u00e8ne Viollet-le-Duc to restore it. His renovation, which lasted from 1844 to 1864, modified the cathedral: he added the spire, gargoyles, and griffins. Charles Soulier shows us the church\u2019s front and some of the surrounding neighborhood, bustling with carriages and new construction.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79942886"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.56-notre-dame-de-paris"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "E. H. T. \u201cThe Year in Review: Selections 1989.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 2 (February 1990): 38\u201378.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 61; Mentioned: p. 69, no. 57", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160106"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 327", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.56", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.56/1989.56_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "893", "filesize": "479261", "filename": "1989.56_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.56/1989.56_print.jpg", "width": "2679", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5649371", "filename": "1989.56_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.56/1989.56_full.tif", "width": "3369", "height": "4275", "filesize": "43241196", "filename": "1989.56_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 155006, "creators": [{"id": 932, "description": "Charles Soulier (French, 1840\u20131875)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles Soulier French, 1840-1875\r\n\r\nCharles Soulier operated in partnerships, first with A. Clouzard (1854-59) and later with Claude-Marie Ferrier and his son A. Ferrier (1860-64). Soulier was among the first to take naturalistic, snapshot-like views of Paris. His city street scenes were represented in an extensive set of glass stereographs, a medium preferred by Soulier for the delicacy of its reproductive range. Panoramas of the city were considered his specialty.\r\n\tIn 1859 Soulier photographed Napol\u00e9on III on his campaign in Austria; he was later named photographer to the emperor. He became a member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de photographie in 1867 and in 1871 documented activities of the Paris Commune. His work includes topographical, urban, and landscape views, among them images of Mt. Blanc and other European scenery, as well as photographic reproductions of artwork. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1875", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-06-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1860, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1860s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:01:26.003000"}, {"id": 136668, "accession_number": "1961.206", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Lantern Night Excursion of Zhong Kui (\u937e\u9997\u5143\u591c\u51fa\u904a\u5716), late 1200s\u2013early 1300s. Yan Hui (Chinese, active 1270\u20131310). Handscroll; ink and slight color on silk; image: 24.8 x 240.3 cm (9 3/4 x 94 5/8 in.); overall: 25.7 x 904.4 cm (10 1/8 x 356 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1961.206", "current_location": null, "title": "The Lantern Night Excursion of Zhong Kui", "title_in_original_language": "\u937e\u9997\u5143\u591c\u51fa\u904a\u5716", "creation_date": "late 1200s\u2013early 1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1250, "creation_date_latest": 1325, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)"], "technique": "handscroll; ink and slight color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 24.8 x 240.3 cm (9 3/4 x 94 5/8 in.); Overall: 25.7 x 904.4 cm (10 1/8 x 356 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.248, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 2.403, "width_inch": 94, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "overall": {"height": 0.257, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 9.044, "width_inch": 356, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's signature [and probable seal]: Yan Qiuyue \u984f\u79cb\u6708\n\nTitle on frontispiece and 1 seal of Niu Shuyu \u9215\u6a39\u7389 (1760\u20131827): Qiuyue mohuan \u79cb\u6708\u58a8\u5e7b [Qiuyue's Ink Fantasy].\n\n31 additional seals: 2 of Yang Shiqi \u694a\u58eb\u5947 (1365\u20131444); 2 of An Guo \u5b89\u570b (1481\u20131534); 8 of Xiang Yuanbian \u9805\u5143\u6c74 (1525\u20131590); 2 of Geng Zhaozhong \u803f\u662d\u5fe0 (1640\u20131686); 4 of Pu Tung \u6ea5\u4f97  (1870\u20131952); 7 of Tan Jing \u8b5a\u656c (1911\u20131991); 1 of Liu Ting-chih (20th c.); 5 unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "An inscription by Zizhi Shanren \u7d2b\u829d\u5c71\u4eba [probably Jiang Hui \u8523\u60e0], dated 1389", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "An inscription by Wu Kuan \u5433\u5bec (1436\u20131504)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "<i>1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444120, "title": "Looking East: Yuan Dynasty Paintings", "description": "<i>Looking East: Yuan Dynasty Paintings</i>. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (September 15-November 6, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304518, "title": "Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques", "description": "<i>Chinese Paintings: Themes and Techniques</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-April 5, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310119, "title": "Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China", "description": "<i>Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231365, "title": "Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections</i>. Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, China (organizer) (November 1, 2012-January 3, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202572, "title": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 666891, "title": "Demons, Ghosts, and Goblins in Chinese Art", "description": "<i>Demons, Ghosts, and Goblins in Chinese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 8, 2024-January 20, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-08T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 24, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Looking East</em>. The Taft Museum, Cincinnati, OH (1976).", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 122)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23-October 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Yang Shiqi \u694a\u58eb\u5947 [1365\u20131444]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "An Guo \u5b89\u570b [1481\u20131534]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Xiang Yuanbian \u9805\u5143\u6c74 [1525\u20131590]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Geng Zhaozhong \u803f\u662d\u5fe0 [1640\u20131686]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Pu Tong \u6ea5\u4f97 [1870\u20131952]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Tan Jing \u8b5a\u656c [1911\u20131991]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131961", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Zhong Kui was an ancient ghostbuster.", "description": "Here, the demon queller Zhong Kui leads a nightly procession of street entertainers with bare, muscular bodies and demonic faces. Some wear shabby clothes, and all perform stunts and tricks to astound and scare the viewer. In fact, a New Year custom in cities of southeast China had the poor, disguised as demons, process through the streets and play their tricks to clear households of evil spirits and welcome the spring.<br><br>From right to left, a demonic figure leads the procession and beats a drum; another lifts a large rock; one stands on his hands trying to drink; one balances a jar on his elbow; three hold and wield weapons; one carries a folded chair covered by a cow\u2019s skin; another holds Zhong Kui\u2019s <em>qin</em> (zither), books, brush, and inkstone. 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Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n285"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 261", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n285"}, {"citation": "Dubosc, Jean-Pierre. \u201cPlum Blossoms in Moonlight: A Round Fan Painting Signed Yen Hui.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 26, 1972, pp. 67\u201370.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 67\u201370, fig. 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20111043"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. <em>The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "cat. no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 345", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n365"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 91, pp. 111-112", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50, cat. no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shanghai bo wu guan \u4e0a\u6d77\u535a\u7269\u9928. <em>Han mo hui cui: xi du Meiguo cang Zhongguo Wu dai Song Yuan shu hua zhen pin </em>[\u7ff0\u58a8\u8588\u8403: \u7ec6\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u85cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e94\u4ee3\u5b8b\u5143\u4e66\u753b\u73cd\u54c1 = Masterpieces of early Chinese painting and calligraphy in American collections]. Beijing: Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 43, pp. 367-377", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 105; reproduced: pp. 90\u201391", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 85-89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Last Days of Village Wen: Tensions and contradictions abound in the work of contemporary artist Ji Yun-Fei.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 1 (January/February 2016): 9\u201311.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 10\u201311; Mentioned: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-01/page/8/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Lu, Yi-lu. \"Examining the Illustrations in the Classic of Mountains and Seas that Survive in the Yongle Encyclopedia.\" <em>The National Palace Museum Research Quarterly</em> 41, n. 4 (June 2024): 72\u201388.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85, fig. 30", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.206", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.206/1961.206_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "61", "filesize": "41880", 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Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136668, "creators": [{"id": 6256, "description": "Yan Hui (Chinese, active 1270\u20131310)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Yan Hui was a professional painter skilled in painting landscapes, figures, deities, and ghosts. He was a native of Luling \u5eec\u9675, Jiangxi \u6c5f\u897f province, active in the late Southern Song and early Yuan dynasty.", "name_in_original_language": "\u984f\u8f1d", "birth_year": "1245", "death_year": "1315", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-08-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1250, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1200s\u2013early 1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Lantern Night Excursion of Zhong Kui", "The Lantern Night Excursion of Zhong Kui \u937e\u9997\u5143\u591c\u51fa\u904a\u5716", "The Lantern Night Excursion of Chung K'uei"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:12.782000"}, {"id": 159023, "accession_number": "1995.23", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "If\u00e1 diviner's necklace (\u00f2d\u00ecgb\u00e0 If\u00e1), 1900s. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1995.23", "current_location": null, "title": "If\u00e1 diviner's necklace (\u00f2d\u00ecgb\u00e0 If\u00e1)", "creation_date": "1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1930, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Yor\u00f9b\u00e1-style maker"], "technique": "Cloth, glass beads, cardboard, cotton, probably wool, and wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Tools and Equipment", "measurements": "Overall: 49.5 cm (19 1/2 in.); Bag: 21.5 x 19.6 cm (8 7/16 x 7 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.495, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "bag": {"height": 0.215, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.196, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Pace Primitive, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131995", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1995.23.a", "1995.23.b"], "did_you_know": "Look closely at the minuscule beads used to make the complex patterns of this multicolored necklace containing two pouches with thin strands that are connected by rope-like cords. A Yoruba diviner would have communicated with the spirit world while wearing this accessory.", "description": "The use of colorful glass beads adds luster to the divination session and underlines the high status diviners enjoy in Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 society. Like kings, diviners derive their authority from the otherworld, \u00f2r\u00fan. A beaded necklace with two beaded pouches is an accessory carried by the itinerant Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 diviner. Substances sewn into the miniature bags protect the diviner and ensure his power.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60748556"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.23-ifa-diviner-s-neckla"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Young-Sanchez, Margaret. \"The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" African Arts 30, no.1 (1997): 66-71, p. 70", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 23, p. 76 - 77", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.23", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.23/1995.23_web.jpg", "width": "917", "height": "893", "filesize": "576481", "filename": "1995.23_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.23/1995.23_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3312", "filesize": "8192704", "filename": "1995.23_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.23/1995.23_full.tif", "width": "5982", "height": "5828", "filesize": "104610360", "filename": "1995.23_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.23/1995.23_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "867", "height": "893", "filesize": "548843"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.23/1995.23_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3301", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8179495"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.23/1995.23_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5616", "height": "5784", "filesize": "97469924"}, "date_created": "2009-06-09T19:40:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.23/1995.23_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "840", "height": "893", "filesize": "525368"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.23/1995.23_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3199", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7204990"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.23/1995.23_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4705", "height": "5000", "filesize": "70604924"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159023, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1995-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Necklace (Odigba Ileke Ifa)", "Pair of Divination Bags"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:13:52.429000"}, {"id": 129898, "accession_number": "1952.325", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pendant, 400\u2013700. Panama, International style, 5th-7th century. Cast gold; overall: 7.5 x 4.2 cm (2 15/16 x 1 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1952.325", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Pendant", "creation_date": "400\u2013700", "creation_date_earliest": 400, "creation_date_latest": 700, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Panama, International style, 5th-7th century"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 7.5 x 4.2 cm (2 15/16 x 1 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.075, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.042, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "length": 0.089, "length_inch": 3, "length_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304413, "title": "Science within Art", "description": "<i>Science within Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-April 20, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219999, "title": "Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (July 16-September 29, 2002); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rouen, Rouen, France (October 24, 2002-January 13, 2003); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, 69001 Lyon, France (February 19-April 29, 2003); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (May 27-August 18, 2003); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (October 26, 2003-January 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2002-07-16T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23-April 3, 1966.  \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; 1980. Beachwood, OH:Beachwood Museum; 1980. \"Science Within Art.\" Pg. 39, black and white repr. pg. 39. full written entry on piece.", "opening_date": "1980-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montpellier, France: Musee Fabre; July 16- September 29, 2002.Rouen, France: Musee des Beaux Arts; October 24, 2002- January 13, 2003. Lyon, Frnace: Musee des Beaux-Arts; February 19- April 28, 2003. Rennes, Frnace: Musee des Beaux-Arts; May 27- August 18, 2003. Minneapolis, MN: Minneapolis Institute of Arts; October 26, 2003- January 11, 2004.FRAME exhibition-\"Sacred Symbols: Three Thousand Years of Native American Art.\"", "opening_date": "2002-07-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Emery May Holden Norweb [1895-1984] and Raymond Henry Norweb [1894-1983], Cleveland OH, 1952, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1952", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Panning for gold was viewed as a sacred activity among the ancient inhabitants of Costa Rica and Panama.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779581"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.325-pendant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lothrop, Samuel K. Lothrop, \"Metals from the Cenote of Sacrifice, Chicen Itza, Yucatan.\" <em>Memoirs of the </em><em>Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University</em>. 10:2. (1952)", "page_number": "p. 105, fig. 108f", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maurer, Evan, and Molly Hennen. <em>Symboles sacr\u00e9s: quatre mille ans d'art des Am\u00e9riques</em>. Paris: R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux, 2002.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 116, pp. 140-1", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.325", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_web.jpg", "width": "964", "height": "893", "filesize": "408988", "filename": "1952.325_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3149", "filesize": "1748944", "filename": "1952.325_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_full.tif", "width": "4152", "height": "3845", "filesize": "47929088", "filename": "1952.325_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "990", "height": "893", "filesize": "428019"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3067", "filesize": "6012452"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4109", "height": "3707", "filesize": "45730540"}, "date_created": "2011-11-11T19:41:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1011", "height": "893", "filesize": "427079"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3002", "filesize": "5863207"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4486", "height": "3961", "filesize": "53334656"}, "date_created": "2011-11-11T19:51:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "976", "height": "893", "filesize": "421553"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3112", "filesize": "6060365"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4172", "height": "3819", "filesize": "47825088"}, "date_created": "2011-11-11T19:53:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "829", "height": "893", "filesize": "339733"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3158", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6061601"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3328", "height": "3583", "filesize": "35800516"}, "date_created": "2011-11-11T19:55:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "893", "filesize": "337529"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1978", "filesize": "1739032"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.325/1952.325_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1978", "filesize": "9117972"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129898, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "400\u2013700", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Deer Pendant"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:42:20.091000"}, {"id": 97136, "accession_number": "1916.776", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Crucifixion, c. 1360s. Andrea da Firenze (Italian, 1379). Tempera and gold on wood (walnut); unframed: 31 x 13.4 cm (12 3/16 x 5 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Holden Collection, 1916.776", "current_location": "110A Italian Gothic", "title": "The Crucifixion", "creation_date": "c. 1360s", "creation_date_earliest": 1360, "creation_date_latest": 1369, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Florence, 14th century"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood (walnut)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 31 x 13.4 cm (12 3/16 x 5 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.31, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.134, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, Indiana (March 25-April 22, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-25T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Minor K. Kellogg (1814-1889), Paris, France and Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1858-1889", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Liberty E. Holden (1833-1913), Cleveland, Oh, by inheritance to his wife, Delia E. Bulkley Holden", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1889-1913", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Delia E. Bulkley Holden (1871-1947), Cleveland, Oh,  bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1913-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This panel has been trimmed slightly at the bottom, cutting off the scene.", "description": "This panel was probably part of a small altarpiece of private devotion. The artist was active in Florence and Siena following the Black Death, which began in the late 1340s. His works, like others created during that troubled time, are charged with emotion.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502541"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.776-the-crucifixion"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Tartuferi. Angelo 'Andrea da Firenze (i),' in <em>The Dictionary of Art.</em>", "page_number": "vol. 2, pp. 15-17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Andrea da Firenze, KhI-Vaticano.", "page_number": "p. 37-38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Works of Art Composing the Collection of Mr. Minor K. Kellogg, American Painter</em> (Paris, 1858).", "page_number": "no. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Inaugural Exhibition June 6-September 20, 1916.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916.", "page_number": "Nr. 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rubinstein-Bloch, Stella. <em>Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings, Etc. Presented by Mrs. Liberty E. Holden to the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1917.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 33-34, cat. no. 35; Reproduced: p. 64, No. 35", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Holden_80856/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "Nr. 87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri.<em> Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections.</em> Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "pp. 218, 290, 573", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings Before 1500.</em> Cleveland: The Museum, 1974. .", "page_number": "pp. 37-38, cat. no. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklo\u0301s.<em> Pittura fiorentina alla vigilia del Rinascimento, 1370-1400.</em> Firenze: Edam, 1975.", "page_number": "p. 277, illus. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Offner, Richard, and Hayden B. J. Maginnis. <em>A Critical and Historical Corpus of Florentine Painting: the Fourteenth Century--Supplement.</em> New York: Institute of Fine Arts, New York University, 1981.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H.<em> Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong.<em> European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum Boymans-Van Beuningen, Eva C. Kleeman, and Saskia G. Willner.<em> Italiaanse schilderijen, 1300-1500: eigen collectie = Italian paintings, 1300-1500 : own collection.</em> Rotterdam: Museum Boymans-van Beuningen, 1993.", "page_number": "Nr. 2.1, p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tripps, Johannes, Miklo\u0301s Boskovits, and Andrea Bonaiuti.<em> Tendencies of Gothic in Florence: Andrea Bonaiuti.</em> Florence: G. Gruppo, 1996.", "page_number": "pp. 46, 60, 206-207", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bellucci, Roberto, Ciro Castelli, Cecilia Frosinini, and Machtelt Israels. \"Il politico di Sansepolcro. Studi sulla tecnica del Sassetta.\" <em>OPD Rrestauro: Rivista dell'Opificio delle Pietre Dure e Laboratori di Restauro di Firenze</em> 23 (2011).", "page_number": "p 325, fig 40", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.776", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.776/1916.776_web.jpg", "width": "345", "height": "893", "filesize": "296957", "filename": "1916.776_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.776/1916.776_print.jpg", "width": "1314", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4247462", "filename": "1916.776_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.776/1916.776_full.tif", "width": "3850", "height": "9961", "filesize": "115079580", "filename": "1916.776_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Holden Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97136, "creators": [{"id": 2050, "description": "Andrea da Firenze (Italian, 1379)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The first evidence from the life of Andrea Bonaiuti dates to January 1346, when he was registered in Florence in the Arte dei Medici e Speziali, or the guild of doctors and pharmacists.  His surviving works on panel include 26 triptychs, polyptychs, fragmentary panels, as well as a crucifix and a processional banner. His two major fresco cycles are in the Chapter House, the so-called Spanish Chapel, of Santa Maria Novella of Florence (c. 1365) and in the Camposanto of Pisa (1376/77-79). The Spanish Chapel frescoes are generally believed to glorify the Dominican Order, although the cycle's specific iconography is contested. His Camposanto frescoes depict scenes from the legend of Saint Raynerius (Raniero), the patron saint of Pisa. This project was unfinished at the time of Andrea's death, shortly after May 16, 1379, and was completed by Barnaba da Modena. Andrea was also engaged in manuscript illumination, as evidenced by the attribution of at least one miniature to him.  In addition, the design for the stained-glass rose window of the fa\u00e7ade of Santa Maria Novella has been assigned to him.  In 1366-67, he served on an advisory board of artists on the construction of the new Duomo in Florence. He is believed to have had a prolific workshop with several assistants. Although Andrea is often considered a minor artist in late-trecento Florence, his significant fresco commissions and his participation in the Duomo project indicate that he was likely a highly respected master. Noted influences on his early manner include Bernardo Daddi, the brothers Andrea and Nardo di Cione, Maso di Banco, and Taddeo Gaddi. The influence of Andrea's mature style on subsequent painters has been cited in the work of a number of artists of the last quarter of the fourteenth century, including Agnolo Gaddi, the Master of the Straus Madonna, Lorenzo Monaco, and Niccol\u00f2 di Tommaso.\r\n1. Grove 1996, p. 15.\r\n2. See Tripps 1996, pl. XIX, pp. 166-167.\r\n3. See Tripps 1996, pl. IX-IX5, pp. 130-137.", "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1379", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-06-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1360, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1360s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:14:08.079000"}, {"id": 142385, "accession_number": "1966.20", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait Head of C. Cornelius Gallus (?), c. 30 BCE. Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Roman empire (30 BCE\u2013395 CE). Marble; overall: 39 x 22 x 22.6 cm (15 3/8 x 8 11/16 x 8 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1966.20", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Portrait Head of C. Cornelius Gallus (?)", "creation_date": "c. 30 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -40, "creation_date_latest": -20, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Roman empire (30 BCE\u2013395 CE)"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 39 x 22 x 22.6 cm (15 3/8 x 8 11/16 x 8 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.39, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.22, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.226, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 230571, "title": "Egypt-Greece-Rome", "description": "<i>Egypt-Greece-Rome</i>. St\u00e4del Museum, Franfurt am Main, Germany (organizer) (November 26, 2005-February 26, 2006).", "opening_date": "2005-11-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, 10 September-16 October 1966, Golden Anniversary Acquisitions, cat.: CMA Bulletin 53, no. 7 (September 1966), no. 5, illus. p. 185", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Das Stadel/St\u00e4delsches Kunstinstitut und St\u00e4dtische Galerie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (11/26/2005 - 2/26/2006): \"Egypt-Greece-Rome\"", "opening_date": "2005-11-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Levi de Benzion, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Said to have been found in the western Delta between Damanhur and Benha. Formerly in the collection of Mo\u00eese Levi de Benzion, Paris. Purchased from Michel Abemayor, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Traces of red paint remain, especially in the hair.", "description": "This highly individual portrait must have been made for a man of considerable importance. It may represent Gaius Cornelius Gallus, who lived c. 69-26 BC. After aiding Octavian in the war against Antony and Cleopatra, Gallus served as the first governor of Egypt. There he put down two rebellions, but soon fell into disgrace and exile, eventually committing suicide. The head was made to be inserted into a body, and has a flat back and top, suggesting it once wore a separately made fold of toga draped over it (in the fashion known as <em>togatus capite velato</em>, associated with high priests). Some scholars have suggested a later date for this portrait, perhaps in the reign of Nero or Claudius.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759693"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.20-portrait-head-of-c-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n48"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1425"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>ARTNews </em>65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-44, 62-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32; Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Cleveland Museum of Art Golden Anniversary,\" <em>Archaeology </em>19.4 (1966), pp. 277-283.", "page_number": "Ill. on p. 278.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"A Roman Imperial Head from Egypt.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 1 (1967): 17-21.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152135."}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n46"}, {"citation": "Grimm, G. \"Zu Marcus Antonius und C. Cornelius Gallus,\" Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts 85 (1970), pp. 158-170.", "page_number": "Abb. 1, 2, 4.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n48"}, {"citation": "Vermeule, Cornelius C. <em>Greek and Roman Sculpture in America: Masterpieces in Public Collections in the United States and Canada. </em>Malibu, Calif: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.", "page_number": "P. 280, cat. 237.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kiss, Zsolt, and Maria M. Berger. <em>Etudes sur le portrait impe\u0301rial romain en Egypte</em>. Varsovie: Editions scientifiques de Pologne, 1984.", "page_number": "Pp. 45, 141 (figs. 76-77).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.465; Mentioned: p. 465-6.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Capasso, Mario, and Paolo Radiciotti. <em>Il ritorno di Cornelio Gallo: il papiro di Qasr Ibri\u0302m venticinque anni dopo</em>. Napoli: Graus, 2003.", "page_number": "P. 128, Tav. 12.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beck, Herbert, Peter Bol, and Maraike Bu\u0308ckling. <em>A\u0308gypten Griechenland Rom: Abwehr und Beru\u0308hrung,</em> (Exhib. cat.).Frankfurt: Das Sta\u0308del, Sta\u0308delsches Kunstinstitut und Sta\u0308dtische Galerie, 2005.", "page_number": "P. 710, cat. 321 (discussed and ill.).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoffmann, Friedhelm, Martina Minas-Nerpel, and Stefan Pfeiffer. <em>Die dreisprachige Stele des C. Cornelius Gallus: U\u0308bersetzung und Kommentar. </em>Berlin: De Gruyter, 2009.", "page_number": "Taf. IV-V.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Queyrel, Fran\u00e7ois, Marie-Fran\u00e7oise Boussac, and Joachim Le Bomin. \"Un Tete de Statue en Marbre \u00e0 Taposiris Magna.\" <em>Bulletin de l\u2019Institut Fran\u00e7ais d\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie Orientale </em>126 (2026): 333-378.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 349, fig. 14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.20", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_web.jpg", "width": "641", "height": "893", "filesize": "285515", "filename": "1966.20_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_print.jpg", "width": "2440", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3984850", "filename": "1966.20_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_full.tif", "width": "4263", "height": "5941", "filesize": "76009524", "filename": "1966.20_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "893", "filesize": "293973"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2494", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4565177"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4596", "height": "6266", "filesize": "86425652"}, "date_created": "2009-03-18T12:35:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "300804"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2351", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4630685"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4202", "height": "6078", "filesize": "76649332"}, "date_created": "2009-03-18T12:47:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "307066"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2407", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4625660"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.20/1966.20_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4304", "height": "6079", "filesize": "78522496"}, "date_created": "2009-03-17T19:49:20", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 142385, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -40, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 30 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-04 11:04:10.270000"}, {"id": 155871, "accession_number": "1991.173", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Eunuch's Dream, 1874. Jean Lecomte du Nou\u00ff (French, 1842\u20131923). Oil on wood; framed: 54 x 74.5 x 5.5 cm (21 1/4 x 29 5/16 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 39.3 x 65.4 cm (15 1/2 x 25 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Mrs. Noah L. Butkin, 1991.173", "current_location": null, "title": "A Eunuch's Dream", "creation_date": "1874", "creation_date_earliest": 1874, "creation_date_latest": 1874, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 54 x 74.5 x 5.5 cm (21 1/4 x 29 5/16 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 39.3 x 65.4 cm (15 1/2 x 25 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.54, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.745, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.055, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.393, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.654, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed center left: Lecomte du Nou\u00ff / 1874\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311486, "title": "Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary", "description": "<i>Signs of Affection: Gifts Honoring the Museum's 75th Anniversary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 1992-January 3, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-10-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 227636, "title": "From Homer to the Harem: The Art of Jean Lecomte du Nou\u00ff", "description": "<i>From Homer to the Harem: The Art of Jean Lecomte du Nou\u00ff</i>. Dahesh Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (June 22-September 19, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-06-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 226126, "title": "European Orientalists: From Delacroix to Kandinsky", "description": "<i>European Orientalists: From Delacroix to Kandinsky</i>. Mus\u00e9e Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium (October 15, 2010-January 9, 2011); Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, Munich, Germany (organizer) (January 29-May 1, 2011); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Marseille, Marseille, France (May 20-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, N.Y.; Neuberger Museum, State University of New York, College at Purchase. Orientalism: The Near East in French Painting 1800-1880 (1982), no. 55, 81 (repr.), 83.", "opening_date": "1982-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Dahesh Museum of Art (6/22/2004 - 9/19/2004): \"From Homer to the Harem: The Art of Jean Lecomte du Nou\u00ff\"", "opening_date": "2004-06-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mus\u00e9e Royaux des Beaux-Arts, Brussels (10/15/2010 - 1/9/2011), Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung [organizer] (1/29/2011 - 5/1/2011), and Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Marseille (5/20/2011 - 8/21/2011):  \"European Orientalists: From Delacroix to Kandinsky\", ex. cat. no. 148, p. 181.", "opening_date": "2010-10-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sale, Sotheby Parke-Bernet, New York, April 28, 1977, lot 209, possibly sold to Noah L. and Muriel Butkin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The consignor to this auction is not specified in the catalogue, which lists the Lecomte de Nou\u00ff under the \u201cproperty of various owners.\u201d The catalogue does not include a price list, but the Butkins made many purchases around this time, so it is possible that they were the buyers of the painting at this sale.&nbsp; The earlier provenance of this painting is unclear.&nbsp; A painting by Lecomte de Nou\u00ff entitled \u201cLe Kieff du Sch\u00e9riff (Souvenir d'Orient)\u201d appeared in the H\u00f4tel Drouot sale of the \u201cF.J.\u201d collection on March 23, 1877 (no. 37).&nbsp; However, it seems unlikely that this painting is the Cleveland picture, because while the description provided in the catalogue of the man in the painting matches that of the Cleveland picture, the female figure, so important to the composition, is not mentioned.&nbsp; Furthermore, another version of this composition (see Roger Diederen, <em>From Homer to the Harem: The Art of Jean Lecomte du Nou\u00ff</em>, no. 86) but without the female figure or knife-wielding cherub, appears in Montgailhard\u2019s 1906 monograph on Lecomte du Nou\u00ff under the title \u201cLe kief du Sch\u00e9riff.\u201d This painting\u2019s current location is unknown.&nbsp; What we do know is that the Cleveland painting was likely intended by the artist for direct sale to a private collector: the painting\u2019s content \u2013 more graphic than that of the other versions of the composition - may have been considered inappropriate for public display. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1977", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Noah L. and Muriel S. Butkin, Cleveland, Ohio, given by Muriel S. Butkin to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Possibly 1977-1991", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Much of Jean Lecomte du Nou\u00ff's artwork was inspired by travelling to Egypt as a young man.", "description": "This painting, inspired by Charles Montesquieu's Persian Letters (published in 1721), depicts a eunuch who wanted to marry a harem slave. He experienced a vision of her while smoking his opium pipe, but her little companion holding a knife dripping with blood reminds us that the eunuch's anatomy precludes the fulfillment of his dream. The outline of a hand next to the signature is a khamsa, a symbol used to ward off evil.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476671"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1991.173-a-eunuch-s-dream"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc. 1<em>9th Century European Paintings</em>. April 28, 1977.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Diederen, Roger. <em>From Homer to the Harem: The Art of Jean Lecomte Du Nouy\u0308</em>. New York: Dahesh Museum of Art, 2004.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1992.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 2 (1993): 38-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60; Mentioned: p. 66", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 385-387, Vol. II, no. 134", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bergez, Daniel, and Kate Deimling. <em>Painting the Dream: From the Biblical Dream to Surrealism</em>. New York; London: Abbeville Press Publishers, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 110, no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bergez, Daniel.<em> Peindre le re\u0302ve: des re\u0302ves bibliques au surre\u0301alisme.</em> <br>Paris : Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 110.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watson, A.M. \"Paul Durand-Ruel and James Duncan of Benmore.\" The Burlington Magazine 160, no.1384(July 2018): 558-571.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 564, fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dialer, Corinne. <em>Oneirische Oszillation: Zum Neuzeitlichen Bildthema des Ku\u0308nstlertraums</em>. Hildesheim: Olms; [Mu\u0308nchen]: UB, Universita\u0308tsbibliothek Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita\u0308t Mu\u0308nchen, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 166, abb. 128; Reproduced: P. 273, abb. 128", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kola\u0301r\u030cova\u0301, Petra, Na\u0301rodni\u0301 galerie v Praze, and Veletrz\u030cni\u0301 Pala\u0301c v Praze. V Krouz\u030cC\u00edch Dy\u0301Mu : Portre\u030cT Modern\u00edho Ume\u030cLce. [Praha]: N\u00e1rodn\u00ed galerie v Praze, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.173", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.173/1991.173_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "757", "filesize": "669660", "filename": "1991.173_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.173/1991.173_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2037", "filesize": "5125324", "filename": "1991.173_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1991.173/1991.173_full.tif", "width": "6356", "height": "3808", "filesize": "72646372", "filename": "1991.173_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Seventy-fifth anniversary gift of Mrs. Noah L. Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155871, "creators": [{"id": 1793, "description": "Jean Lecomte du Nou\u00ff (French, 1842\u20131923)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Jean Lecomte du Nou\u00ff was the descendant of a noble Piedmontese family that settled in France in the fourteenth century. In 1861, at age nineteen, he entered the studio of Charles Gleyre (1808-1874) and two years later trained under the guidance of \u00c9mile Signol (1804-1892). With his fascination for historical and exotic subjects in mind, Lecomte du Nou\u00ff entered the studio of G\u00e9r\u00f4me (q.v.) in 1864. Lecomte du Nou\u00ff began exhibiting at the Salon in 1863 and received his first critical approval two years later for Le sentinel grec (1865), based on the tragedy Oresteia (458 BC) by Aeschylus. One year later he won a gold medal for another classical subject, Invocation de Neptune (1866, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux Arts, Lille), which exempted him from jury approval for future Salons. In 1865 G\u00e9r\u00f4me encouraged him to join F\u00e9lix Cl\u00e9ment (1826-1888) on a trip to Egypt, as the latter had received a commission to decorate the Choubrah Palace of Prince Halim near Cairo. The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) meant hardship for many artists, including Lecomte du Nou\u00ff who struggled to get by without commissions. In 1872 he won the Second Prix de Rome and received a good deal of attention at the Salon with Les porteurs de mauvaises nouvelles (Minist\u00e8re de Affaires Culturelles, Tunis), which was bought by the state for the Mus\u00e9e du Luxembourg. That same year the French government asked him to go to Venice to copy The Marriage of St. Ursula by Carpaccio for the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. Three years later he painted an altarpiece for the chapel of St.-Vincent-de-Paul in the church of La Trinit\u00e9 in Paris. He traveled throughout his life and, in 1875, embarked on an extensive voyage to Greece, Egypt, Turkey, and Asia Minor. Twenty years later, on his way to Constantinople, he stopped in Bucharest in order to visit his brother, Andr\u00e9 Lecomte du Nou\u00ff (1844-1914), who was a court architect. He ended up staying several years, as he received commissions for portraits of members of the royal family and frescoes in Romanian churches. Throughout his career, Lecomte du Nou\u00ff painted many religious and history paintings; he was also a prolific portraitist and sculptor. In 1875 he married Mlle Peign\u00e9-Cr\u00e9mieux, who died soon afterward; in 1891 he married Caroline Evrard.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1923", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-12-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1874, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1874", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:46:18.736000"}, {"id": 111691, "accession_number": "1930.22", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Interior of a Synagogue, c. 1725\u201335. Alessandro Magnasco (Italian, 1667\u20131749). Oil on canvas; framed: 140.5 x 167.5 x 6 cm (55 5/16 x 65 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 122 x 148.5 cm (48 1/16 x 58 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.22", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Interior of a Synagogue", "creation_date": "c. 1725\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1725, "creation_date_latest": 1735, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 140.5 x 167.5 x 6 cm (55 5/16 x 65 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 122 x 148.5 cm (48 1/16 x 58 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.405, "height_inch": 55, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.675, "width_inch": 65, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.22, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.485, "width_inch": 58, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312374, "title": "Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-March 7, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302007, "title": "Paths of Abstract Art", "description": "<i>Paths of Abstract Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 5-November 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380216, "title": "Alessandro Magnasco - 1667-1749", "description": "<i>Alessandro Magnasco - 1667-1749</i>. Palazzo Reale (organizer) (March 20-July 7, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-03-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Venice, 1929: \"Il Settecento Italiano,\" cat. no. 14.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1936: \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of CMA,\" cat. no. 158, pl. XXXVIII.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Springfield (Massachusets) Museum of Fine Arts, 1938: \"Alessandro Magnasco, ca. 1677-ca. 1749,\" cat. no. 3.  cat. no. 6.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1938: \"Tiepolo and His Contemporaries,\" cat. no. 6.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, World's Fair, May 27-Oct. 31, 1939: \"Masterpieces of Art,\" cat. no. 230.", "opening_date": "1939-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco, M.H de Young Memorial Museum, Dec. 28, 1939-Jan. 28, 1940: \"Seven Centuries of Painting,\" cat. no. Y-86.", "opening_date": "1939-12-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Feb. 7-Mar. 7, 1940: \"Masterpieces of Art,\" cat. no. 47, pl. XVI.", "opening_date": "1940-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Genoa, Palazzo Bianco, June 18-October 15, 1949: \"Mostra del Magnasco,\" cat. no. 72, pls. 80, 81; L'Orangerie, Paris, France.", "opening_date": "1949-06-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Philadelphia Museum of Art, Nov. 3, 1950- Feb. 11, 1951: \"Diamond Jubilee Exhibition, Masterpieces of Painting,\" cat. no. 32.", "opening_date": "1950-11-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1956: \"The International Language,\" no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1960: \"Paths of Abstract Art,\" cat. no. 7.", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Milan, Italy, Comune di Milano, Palazzo Reale, March 20-July 7, 1996: \"Alessandro Magnasco,\" cat #", "opening_date": "1996-03-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection, sold Hotel Drouot, Paris, 1928", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "D'Atri Gallery (Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Benno Geiger, 1882-1965 (Vienna, Austria)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Italico Brass (Venice, Italy), 1870-1943, sold through Harold Parsons to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1930.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The Jewish synagogue was among Magnasco's most frequently painted subjects, here presented in a mystical and imaginative way. Expansive architectural space creates room for a multitude of tiny, fantastical figures with elongated limbs. These characters respond to the service with emotion and expressive gestures. Flashes of light dash across the surface against a dark, muted palette of earthy tones suggesting an otherworldly presence. The composition invites the viewer to enter the space and experience the service. Though he used characteristic elements of Baroque composition and was strongly influenced by Venetian painting, Magnasco's loose brushwork, elongated figures, and mysterious subject matter set him apart. Magnasco peers into a world of which he was not part: he was not Jewish and probably perceived Jews as outsiders. At the dawn of the Enlightenment in Europe progressive aristocratic families commissioned paintings by Magnasco, suggesting the painter's support for Enlightenment ideals which included religious tolerance, but Magnasco's personal views on Judaism in Italy remain unknown.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513349"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.22-interior-of-a-synago"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"The Synagogue, by Alessandro Magnasco.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>17, no. 4, part. 1 (April 1930): 66-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66-68, 73; Reproduced: p. 70", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137292"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n63"}, {"citation": "Prasse, Leona. \"A Drawing by Alessandro Magnasco.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>36, no. 4 (April 1949): 55-57.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141548"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 430", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n79"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward B. Henning<em>. Paths of Abstract Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: H.N. Abrams, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 7, p. 6; mentioned: pp. 6, 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n166"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 142", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n166"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 141", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n161"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 374-376; Reproduced: p. 375", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franchini Guelfi, Fausta, and Veronique Damian. <em>Alessandro Magnasco (1667-1749): les anne\u0301es de la maturite\u0301 d'un peintre anticonformiste</em> (Exh. cat. Galerie Canesso, Paris, and Museo di Strada Nuova--Palazzo Bianco, Genoa, 2015).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25-26; Reproduced: p. 26, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mende, Charlotte, and Alessandro Magnasco. Alessandro Magnasco (1667-1749): eine visuelle Religionsgeschichte. Berlin : Reimer, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.53; reproduced: p. 55, abb. 9", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.22", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_web.jpg", "width": "1092", "height": "893", "filesize": "691822", "filename": "1930.22_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2780", "filesize": "6437825", "filename": "1930.22_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4497", "filesize": "74233148", "filename": "1930.22_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1068", "height": "893", "filesize": "144760"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2843", "filesize": "1601586"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7096", "height": "5935", "filesize": "126368080"}, "date_created": "2013-08-26T09:58:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "88118"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1918082"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023540"}, "date_created": "2013-08-26T10:03:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "83171"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2011782"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144023648"}, "date_created": "2013-08-26T10:05:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1078", "height": "893", "filesize": "175056"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2816", "filesize": "1560059"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.22/1930.22_alt3_full.tif", "width": "7244", "height": "6000", "filesize": "130418560"}, "date_created": "2013-08-26T08:59:09", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 111691, "creators": [{"id": 2215, "description": "Alessandro Magnasco (Italian, 1667\u20131749)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1667", "death_year": "1749", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-01-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1725\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Synagogue"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:54:57.030000"}, {"id": 172894, "accession_number": "1923.2490", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Amaryllis, c. 1923. Charles Demuth (American, 1883\u20131935). Watercolor over graphite; sheet: 45.8 x 30.4 cm (18 1/16 x 11 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1923.2490", "current_location": null, "title": "Amaryllis", "creation_date": "c. 1923", "creation_date_earliest": 1918, "creation_date_latest": 1928, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "watercolor over graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 20th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 45.8 x 30.4 cm (18 1/16 x 11 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.458, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.304, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355481, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: The Floral Motif in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: The Floral Motif in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29-September 30, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300822, "title": "Horticulture Motifs in Art", "description": "<i>Horticulture Motifs in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 9-April 24, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-03-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302279, "title": "Water Color", "description": "<i>Water Color</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 6-August 27, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 516089, "title": "Charles Demuth", "description": "<i>Charles Demuth</i>. The State Museum of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, PA (September 24-November 6, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445850, "title": "Charles Demuth: The Mechanical Encrusted on the Living", "description": "<i>Charles Demuth: The Mechanical Encrusted on the Living</i>. Art, Design & Architecture Museum, Santa Barbara, CA (organizer) (October 5-November 7, 1971); Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Berkeley, CA (November 22, 1971-January 3, 1972); The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (January 19-February 29, 1972); Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (March 19-April 16, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309860, "title": "America Draws", "description": "<i>America Draws</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1984-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361546, "title": "Charles Demuth", "description": "<i>Charles Demuth</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (February 25-April 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-10-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311433, "title": "Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>American Still-Life Painting, 1913-1967</em>. Cedar Rapids Art Center, Cedar Rapids, IA (October 6 - October 27, 1967); Roberson Memorial Center, Binghamton, NY (November 10 - December 1, 1967); Huntington Galleries, Huntington, WV (December 15 - January 5, 1967); Portland Museum of Art, Portland, ME (January 19 - February 9, 1968); Flint Institute of Arts, DeWaters Art Center, Flint, MI (February 23 - March 15, 1968); Mansfield Fine Arts Guild, Inc., Mansfield, OH (March 29 - April 19, 1968); Allentown Art Museum, Allentown, PA (May 8 - May 29, 1968); Kalamazoo Institute of Art, Art Center, Kalamazoo, MI (June 7 - June 28, 1968); Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (July 12 - August 2, 1968); Dulin Gallery of Art, College of Arts and Crafts, Knoxville, TN (September 20 - October 10, 1968); University of Maryland, College Park, MD (October 24 - November 14, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Charles Demuth. </em>Museum of Modern Art, New York (March 7 - June 11, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-03-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Charles Demuth: Exhibition of Water Colors and Oil Paintings</em>. Phillips Memorial Gallery, Washington, D.C. (May 3 - May 25, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-05-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Charles Demuth Memorial Exhibition. </em>Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (December 15, 1937 - January 16, 1938).", "opening_date": "1937-12-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Contemporary American Watercolors</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 12, 1923 - January 27, 1924).", "opening_date": "1923-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Watercolors by Charles Demuth</em>. Daniel Gallery, New York (November - December 1923). As 'The Lily'", "opening_date": "1923-11-28T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Daniel Gallery, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Farnham 1959 (583, no. 435) incorrectly listed Hinman B. Hurlbut as an owner, her confusion arising because the drawing was purchased with a fund bearing his name. Hurlbut died in 1888.</div>"], "date": "1923", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1923-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2445.1923", "2490.1923"], "did_you_know": "This watercolor was purchased by the museum during its first exhibition, at Daniel Gallery in New York, and was one of the first works by Charles Demuth to enter a public museum collection.", "description": "Still-life was one of Charles Demuth's favorite genres, and he created works on this theme throughout his career. This drawing of a blooming amaryllis was completed while the artist was convalescing with diabetes in his hometown of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Because of his physical weakness, he was limited to working in watercolor, a less demanding medium than painting, and to subjects that he could easily observe, such as flowers. Demuth drew the amaryllis's form in graphite and then brushed on watercolor precisely, using a blotter to develop the pebbly texture seen throughout.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230194"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Haskell, Barbara. <em>Charles Demuth</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerdts, William H. <em>American Still-Life Painting, 1913-1967</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: American Federation of Arts, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "McBride, Henry. <em>Charles Demuth Memorial Exhibition. </em>Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1937", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Museum Water Colors and the Thirteenth Exhibition of Water Colors and Pastels.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>24, no. 3 (March 1937): 39-41", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137832"}, {"citation": "<em>Charles Demuth: Exhibition of Water Colors and Oil Paintings</em>. Exh. Cat. Washington, D.C.: Phillips Memorial Gallery, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ritchie, Andrew Carnduff. <em>Charles Demuth. </em>Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 78, 92, no. 123; Reproduced: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Farnham, Emily. \"Charles Demuth: His Life, Psychology and Works.\" Ph.D. diss. Ohio State University, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 583, no. 435; Reproduced: p. 862", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Charles Demuth of Lancaster</em>. Exh. Cat. Harrisburg, PA: William Penn Memorial Museum, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Farnham, Emily. <em>Charles Demuth: Behind a Laughing Mask</em>. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gedhard, David and Phyllis Plous. <em>Charles Demuth: The Mechanical Encrusted on the Living</em>. Exh. Cat. Santa Barbara, CA: Art Galleries, University of California, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 83, no. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Celeste, Rita Myers, Adele Z. Silver. <em>An Introduction to American Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18; Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Anderson, Dennis R. <em>American Flower Painting</em>. New York: Watson-Guptill, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 64; Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12, pp. 242-243, 297; Reproduced: p. 243", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1923.2490", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.2490/1923.2490_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "893", "filesize": "88954", "filename": "1923.2490_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.2490/1923.2490_print.jpg", "width": "2308", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1277708", "filename": "1923.2490_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.2490/1923.2490_full.tif", "width": "4313", "height": "6352", "filesize": "82211124", "filename": "1923.2490_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.2490/1923.2490_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "613", "height": "893", "filesize": "445774"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.2490/1923.2490_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1406", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2369137"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.2490/1923.2490_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1406", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8641924"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 172894, "creators": [{"id": 4010, "description": "Charles Demuth (American, 1883\u20131935)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1883", "death_year": "1935", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1923-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1918, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1923", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:39.473000"}, {"id": 104042, "accession_number": "1922.210", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Christ and the Samaritan Woman at the Well, c. 1500\u20131530. Workshop of Giovanni della Robbia (Italian, 1469\u20131529/30). Polychromed terracotta; overall: 221 x 177.8 x 27.9 cm (87 x 70 x 11 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Samuel Mather, 1922.210", "current_location": null, "title": "Christ and the Samaritan Woman at the Well", "creation_date": "c. 1500\u20131530", "creation_date_earliest": 1495, "creation_date_latest": 1535, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Tuscany, Florence, 16th century"], "technique": "polychromed terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 221 x 177.8 x 27.9 cm (87 x 70 x 11 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.21, "height_inch": 87, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.778, "width_inch": 70, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.279, "depth_inch": 11, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sacro Monte di San Vivaldo, Tuscany, Italy, sold to Elia Volpi", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1911/12", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Elia Volpi (1858\u20131938), Florence, Italy)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1911/12-", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Maurice (1879-1950) and Rapha\u00ebl (1887-1963) Stora, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1922", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Samuel Mather [1851-1931] Cleveland, OH, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1922", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1922-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Samaritan woman\u2019s bust was replaced by a reproduction before entering the museum\u2019s collection.", "description": "This sculptural relief belongs to a large series made for the Franciscan friary of San Vivaldo (founded 1350) in the Tuscan hills southwest of Florence. The friary was enlarged between 1500 and 1530 when 32 chapels were built, each dedicated to an incident in the life or Passion of Christ. San Vivaldo became a recognized pilgrimage site thematically linked to the holy sites of Jerusalem. Each single chapel at San Vivaldo was embellished with colorful terracotta sculptures produced by the Della Robbia workshop in Florence. This relief representing Christ and the Samaritan Woman was originally installed within the Chapel of the Samaritan Women. Over time the chapel fell into disrepair and eventually became the friar's wash house. The sculpture was sold by the friary in the early 1900s to fund repairs to the various chapels. The fine modeling of the heads of Christ and the Apostles and of the landscape masses gives an indication of the original quality of this badly damaged relief sculpture. The animation of the faces and complexity of the composition suggest that it was made under the supervision of Giovanni rather than by some lesser member of the Della Robbia workshop.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79510407"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1922.210-christ-and-the-samar"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"A Relief by Giovanni della Robbia, Given by Samuel Mather.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>X, no. 1 (January 1923): 3-6.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 19", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n21"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n23"}, {"citation": "Marquand, Allan, Della, Family Robbia, Frank Jewett Mather, and Charles Rufus Morey. <em>The Brothers of Giovanni Della Robbia: Fra Mattia, Luca, Girolamo, Fra Ambrogio</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36, fig. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P. <em>Florence and the Arts; Five Centuries of Patronage</em>. 1971. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Civilini, Luigi. <em>San Vivaldo: Jerusalem in Tuscany</em>. San Vivaldo, Italy: Convento Francescano, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 3, 46-47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferrazza, Roberta. <em>Palazzo Davanzati e le collezioni di Elia Volpi</em>. Firenze, Italy: Centro di, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112, fig. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wharton, Annabel Jane. <em>Selling Jerusalem: Relics, Replicas, Theme Parks</em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127, fig. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 174-175", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory. \u201c(Re)search and (Re)store.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 10-11.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11; Mentioned: p. 10-11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2021-01"}, {"citation": "Noelle, Alexander J. \"To the 'Jerusalem of Tuscany' and Back': Ongoing research on a Renaissance relief.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 64, no. 2 (Issue 2, 2024): 32-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32; Mentioned: p. 32-33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-02"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1922.210", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.210/1922.210_web.jpg", "width": "781", "height": "900", "filesize": "360196", "filename": "1922.210_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.210/1922.210_print.jpg", "width": "2951", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2584951", "filename": "1922.210_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1922.210/1922.210_full.tif", "width": "4339", "height": "5000", "filesize": "65113212", "filename": "1922.210_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Samuel Mather", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 104042, "creators": [{"id": 8025, "description": "Giovanni della Robbia (Italian, 1469\u20131529/30)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "workshop of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1469", "death_year": "1530", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1922-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1495, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1500\u20131530", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-30 11:07:34.297000"}, {"id": 93985, "accession_number": "1914.561.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Coffin of Bakenmut, c. 1000\u2013900 BCE. Egypt, Thebes, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE), Dynasties 21\u201322. Gessoed and painted sycamore fig ; overall: 68 cm (26 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1914.561.a", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Coffin of Bakenmut", "creation_date": "c. 1000\u2013900 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1000, "creation_date_latest": -900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Thebes, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE), Dynasties 21\u201322"], "technique": "gessoed and painted sycamore fig ", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Third Intermediate", "type": "Funerary Equipment", "measurements": "Overall: 68 cm (26 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.68, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "length": 2.08, "length_inch": 81, "length_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1916, no. 91, p. 214; CMA 1991, p. 4, illus.; CMA 1996 (not in cat.)", "opening_date": "1916-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (3/13/16-6/12/16) \"Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt\" Cat pg.87 fig.50", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thebes, probably Deir el-Bahri. Purchased from Joseph Hassan Ahmed, Luxor, by Lucy Olcott Perkins through Henry W. Kent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["353.14", "14.561"], "did_you_know": "Originally another smaller coffin was placed inside this outer coffin and in that the deceased with a mummy board would have rested.", "description": "The coffin of Bakenmut is one of the finest examples of painted wooden coffins made for the priests of Amen and their families at Thebes during Dynasty 21 and early Dynasty 22. The pharaohs of this time were no longer buried in the Valley of the Kings, but instead built tombs in the Delta, far to the north, where they resided. Security was lax in the Theban necropolis. The coffins and funerary goods of the wealthy citizens of Thebes were placed in unmarked and undecorated family tombs cut into the cliffs on the west bank of the Nile. All the care and detail that in more prosperous times were devoted to the decoration of the tomb chapel were now lavished on the elaborately painted coffins. Every available surface is crowded with religious scenes, images of funerary gods and goddesses, protective spells, and magical symbols. The deceased appears mummiform. An elaborate floral collar entirely covers the upper body, exposing only the separately attached hands (now lost). A pair of red \"mummy braces\" are crossed over the chest, their point of intersection marked by a winged sun disk. The lower body is covered with tiny figures modeled in gesso against a yellow background, which gives the effect of gold inlaid with glass or semiprecious stone. The decoration on the interior features two deified dead kings of Dynasty 18. Although these rulers had lived centuries before, memory of their greatness was still very much alive. The main scene near the top depicts Tuthmosis III, the great military pharaoh, who lived 500 years before Bakenmut. Posed as a mummy, the ruler wears a brilliant feathered garment enfolding him with falcon\u2019s wings. The scene below features back-to-back seated images of Amenhotep I, regarded as the patron of the Theban cemetery and worshiped as a local god there.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778421"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1914.561.a-coffin-of-bakenmut"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n28"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n26"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n35"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 36 no. 03, March 1996", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-03/page/8"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 314-324, cat. no. 251; reproduced: P. 58-59", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. <em>Knockouts: a pocket guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 8, p. 12 -13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 74-75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tedbury, Imogen. \"Our Woman in Cairo: Lucy Olcott Perkin's Work as an Agent for the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Art Market and the Museum: Institutional Collecting, Display and Patronage since the Mid-Nineteenth Century. </em>Edited by Frances Fowle, and MaryKate Cleary, 167-183. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 173; Reproduced: pl. 13", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1914.561.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.561.a/1914.561.a_web.jpg", "width": "539", "height": "893", "filesize": "276596", "filename": "1914.561.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.561.a/1914.561.a_print.jpg", "width": "2053", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4670941", "filename": "1914.561.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.561.a/1914.561.a_full.tif", "width": "3783", "height": "6264", "filesize": "71117872", "filename": "1914.561.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1914.561.a/1914.561.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "909", "height": "893", "filesize": "644319"}, "print": {"url": 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"is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:59:47.653000"}, {"id": 115162, "accession_number": "1935.309", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha), 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild. Gold; overall: 6.4 x 2.1 cm (2 1/2 x 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1935.309", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Knife-sheath tip (sika boha)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/Kingdom, Kumasi or probably Kumasi, member of the goldsmiths' guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 6.4 x 2.1 cm (2 1/2 x 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.064, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.021, "width_inch": 0, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 207289, "title": "Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art", "description": "<i>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 1-September 3, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 297093, "title": "The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana", "description": "<i>The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana</i>. The Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (organizer) (April 15-August 12, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-04-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1935: \"African Negro Art,\" cat. no. 162, (also to CMA 9/27 - 10/27, 1935).", "opening_date": "1927-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "NY: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. \"Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art\" 2/1/00 - 9/3/00, exh. cat. no. 18, p. 68.", "opening_date": "2000-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury of asantehene (King) Agyeman Prempeh I, Kumasi, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Original catalogue card (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "?\u20131896", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, France via Pierre Matisse, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Original catalogue card (CMA Curatorial File)</div>"], "date": "?\u20131935", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1935\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This chape would have been secured to the very tip of a knife sheath, modeled after European style sheaths.", "description": "Gold sheaths covered the cast iron blade of a king\u2019s ceremonial knife (<em>sikay</em>), wrapping them with symbolism. In Akan states like the Asante Kingdom, gold embodies life force (<em>kra</em>) and is the sun\u2019s earthly counterpart. Only goldsmiths\u2019 guild members could make gold ornaments for the royals and their entourage, or for the royal treasury. Here, the goldsmith used a tool to push the raised floral, leaf, and geometric designs from the back of a soft sheet of gold (repouss\u00e9 technique). Small dots outlining some motifs were punched into the metal. Similarly decorated gold sheets and solid ornaments capped a knife\u2019s handle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80008267"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1935.309-knife-sheath-tip-sik"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wixom, William D. \u201cAfrican Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d <em>African Arts</em> 10, no. 3 (April 1977): 16-24.", "page_number": "Repr. p. 21.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 19, p. 68 - 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), and James Johnson Sweeney. <em>African Negro Art</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, no. 162.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Virginia-Lee, and Walker Evans. <em>Perfect Documents: Walker Evans and African Art, 1935.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22; reproduced: p. 23, fig. 13, p. 68, no. 18.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In <em>Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display.</em> Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955</em>. [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M., and Nancy Ingram Nooter. <em>African Art in American Collections, Survey 1989.</em> Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 202-203, fig 516", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Roslyn A., Martha J. Ehrlich, Christraud M. Geary, M. D. McLeod, and Doran H. Ross. <em>The Power of Gold: Asante Royal Regalia from Ghana. </em>Yale University Press, New Haven and London. Dallas : Dallas Museum of Art, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95, cat. 43", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1935.309", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.309/1935.309_web.jpg", "width": "530", "height": "893", "filesize": "216615", "filename": "1935.309_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.309/1935.309_print.jpg", "width": "2018", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3315229", "filename": "1935.309_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1935.309/1935.309_full.tif", "width": "2582", "height": "4350", "filesize": "33716168", "filename": "1935.309_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 115162, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1935-10-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:36.741000"}, {"id": 121708, "accession_number": "1942.152", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gospel Book with Commentaries, c. 1000\u20131100. Byzantium, Constantinople. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; leather binding; sheet: 28 x 23 cm (11 x 9 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.152", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Gospel Book with Commentaries", "creation_date": "c. 1000\u20131100", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Constantinople"], "technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; leather binding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Bound Volume", "measurements": "Sheet: 28 x 23 cm (11 x 9 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.28, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.23, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304660, "title": "Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination", "description": "<i>Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 17-April 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445224, "title": "Greek and Byzantine Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Greek and Byzantine Manuscripts</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (April 13-May 20, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Early Christian and Byzantine Art, Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, (1947); no. 704, pl. XCIX.", "opening_date": "1947-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Princeton University, (March 9, - May 31, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-05-31T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dikran G. Kelekian, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1942", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 121698, "description": "Leaf from a Lectionary with St. Matthew, 1057\u20131063. Byzantium, Constantinople. Tempera and gold on vellum; sheet: 28.8 x 24.3 cm (11 5/16 x 9 9/16 in.); framed: 52.4 x 39.7 cm (20 5/8 x 15 5/8 in.); matted: 48.9 x 36.2 cm (19 1/4 x 14 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.1512", "relationship": null}, {"id": 121697, "description": "Leaf from a Lectionary with St. Luke, 1057\u20131063. Byzantium, Constantinople. Ink, tempera and gold on vellum; sheet: 28.9 x 22.6 cm (11 3/8 x 8 7/8 in.); matted: 48.9 x 36.2 cm (19 1/4 x 14 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1942.1511", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gospel Books were carried in procession through Byzantine churches.", "description": "Each of the four Gospels in this book opens on a page with brilliantly illuminated borders depicting the author of the text as well as birds\u2014principally peacocks, symbols of the immortality of the soul\u2014 and fountains, representing the fountain of life and the salvation of the soul. This volume consists of 428 leaves with texts in Greek. Its high level of sophistication is characteristic of monasteries in Constantinople.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740069"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.152-gospel-book-with-com"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Clark, Kenneth Willis. <em>A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in America</em>. Chicago, Ill: The University of Chicago Press, 1937.", "page_number": "pp. 122-23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cByzantine Manuscript Illumination\u201d <em>ClevelandMuseum of Art Bulletin</em>34 (March 1947)", "page_number": "pp. 50-56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cEarly Christian and Byzantine Art in America\u201d <em>Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism </em>Vol. V (June 1947)", "page_number": "pp. 256-68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Diehl, Charles, Naomi Walford, and Peter Charanis. <em>Byzantium: Greatness and Decline</em>. 1957.", "page_number": "p. 231", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ricci, Seymour de, William Jerome Wilson, Christopher Urdahl Faye, and William Henry Bond. Supplement to the Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts: In the United States and Canada. New York, N.Y.: The Bibliographical Society of America, 1962.", "page_number": "p. 428", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.), and Dorothy Eugenia Miner. Early Christian and Byzantine Art, An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art, April 25-June 22 [1947]. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1947.", "page_number": "p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n64"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n62"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n62"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.152", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "735", "filesize": "245249", "filename": "1942.152_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2776", "filesize": "2744955", "filename": "1942.152_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_full.tif", "width": "9721", "height": "7937", "filesize": "231492248", "filename": "1942.152_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "900", "filesize": "301523"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2774", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3815941"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8961", "height": "10984", "filesize": "295307932"}, "date_created": "2021-07-30T10:32:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "900", "filesize": "311740"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2774", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3962034"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8961", "height": "10984", "filesize": "295308512"}, "date_created": "2021-07-30T10:33:21", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "720", "filesize": "260324"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "2259442"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8843", "height": "7074", "filesize": "187702552"}, "date_created": "2021-07-30T14:59:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "720", "filesize": "249099"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "2057391"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt3_full.tif", "width": "8843", "height": "7074", "filesize": "187702256"}, "date_created": "2021-07-30T15:00:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "720", "filesize": "290859"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "2698033"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt4_full.tif", "width": "8843", "height": "7074", "filesize": "187702848"}, "date_created": "2021-07-30T15:00:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "720", "filesize": "235764"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "2141374"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt5_full.tif", "width": "8843", "height": "7074", "filesize": "187702356"}, "date_created": "2021-07-30T15:01:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "900", "filesize": "240924"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2672", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2262178"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.152/1942.152_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4410", "height": "5612", "filesize": "74281812"}, "date_created": "2008-03-19T13:33:09", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121708, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1000\u20131100", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:16:24.714000"}, {"id": 123467, "accession_number": "1943.71", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Section of Monolithic Railing with Bather and Lotus Medallions, c. 150\u2013250 CE. India, Mathura, Kushan period. Red sandstone; overall: 53.3 x 45.8 cm (21 x 18 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1943.71", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Section of Monolithic Railing with Bather and Lotus Medallions", "creation_date": "c. 150\u2013250 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 150, "creation_date_latest": 250, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Mathura, Kushan period"], "technique": "red sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Mathura", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 53.3 x 45.8 cm (21 x 18 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.533, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.458, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311956, "title": "India's Art", "description": "<i>India's Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 2, 1949-January 22, 1950).", "opening_date": "1949-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Buddhist Art. Detroit Institute of Arts, Twenty-Fourth Loan Exhibition, October, 1942</em>. Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986); Asia Society Galleries, New York, NY (February 13-April 6,1986); Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (May 13-July 13, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-05-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "at least by 1942\u201343", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the windows above, carved on the coping stone, are two voyeurs and a bowl made of leaves filled with flower garlands, which would be used to adorn the sacred site.", "description": "Railings demarcated a sacred space, such as a tree shrine or a stupa. Images associated with purifying waters were carved on the railings, as if to symbolically cleanse those who passed through the gate. Under a fruit-bearing tree is a young woman squeezing water from her hair. In a visual depiction of an ancient Indian poetic trope, a goose mistakes the drops of water for pearls and comes to eat them.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60743062"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.71-section-of-monolithi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Eastman, Alvan C. <em>Catalog of the Heeramaneck Collection of Early Indian Sculptures, Paintings, Bronzes and Textiles</em>. New York: Heeramaneck Galleries, 1934.", "page_number": "pp. 3, 24, cat. no. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. and Nasli M. Heeramaneck.<em> Loan Exhibition of Early Indian Sculpture, Paintings and Bronzes</em>. [New York]: [Edwards Printing Co.], 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 7, cat. no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Buddhist Art. Detroit Institute of Arts, Twenty-Fourth Loan Exhibition, October, 1942</em>. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 3, p. 21; Reproduced: cat. no. 3, p. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cThree Indian Buddhist Sculptures.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 31, no. 3, 1944, pp. 33\u201337.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 33\u201334; Reproduced: p. 35", "url": "ttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25141113"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 744", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n135"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \u201cMathura Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 64, no. 3, 1977, pp. 83\u2013114.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 91, fig. 15", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152680"}, {"citation": "Heeramaneck, Alice N. <em>Masterpieces of Indian Sculpture: From the Former Collections of Nasli M. Heeramaneck, Introduction and Descriptive Catalogue</em>. [Place of publication not identified]: A.N. Heeramaneck, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 20", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. \u201cThe Bacchants of Mathura: New Evidence of Dionysiac Yaksha Imagery from Kushan Mathura.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 69, no. 8, 1982, pp. 247\u2013257.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 8, p. 251", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159785"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris. <em>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 28, p. 89", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.71", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.71/1943.71_web.jpg", "width": "781", "height": "893", "filesize": "133915", "filename": "1943.71_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.71/1943.71_print.jpg", "width": "2973", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1934126", "filename": "1943.71_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.71/1943.71_full.tif", "width": "5702", "height": "6520", "filesize": "111581584", "filename": "1943.71_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.71/1943.71_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "772", "height": "893", "filesize": "138290"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.71/1943.71_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2940", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1942788"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.71/1943.71_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6937", "filesize": "124909064"}, "date_created": "2013-03-12T17:03:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.71/1943.71_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "620297"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.71/1943.71_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2220", "height": "2592", "filesize": "4755553"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.71/1943.71_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2220", "height": "2592", "filesize": "17269812"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123467, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-02-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 150, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 150\u2013250 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Section of Monolithic Railing"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:21:13.309000"}, {"id": 153382, "accession_number": "1986.68", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "On a Terrace, 1867. Ernest Meissonier (French, 1815\u20131891). Oil on wood panel; framed: 50.5 x 40 x 8 cm (19 7/8 x 15 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Clara Louise Gehring Bickford, 1986.68", "current_location": "220 19th Century European", "title": "On a Terrace", "creation_date": "1867", "creation_date_earliest": 1867, "creation_date_latest": 1867, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on wood panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 50.5 x 40 x 8 cm (19 7/8 x 15 3/4 x 3 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.505, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.4, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.302, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.2, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"EMeissonier 1867 [EM in monogram]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1986</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441330, "title": "Ernest Meissonier: R\u00e9trospective", "description": "<i>Ernest Meissonier: R\u00e9trospective</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, 69001 Lyon, France (organizer) (March 25-June 27, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-25T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition Meissonier</em>. Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, (1893).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Sur un balcon, collection de M. Leroy, (1867).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ernest Secr\u00e9tan [1836-1899], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Georges Petit Gallery, Paris, France, March 15, 1908, sold to to F. F. van der Doucht, Brussels, Belgium, according to Knoedler sale book no. 7, p. 270, 15 March 1908).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(E. Le Roy & Co., by 1893, according to exh. cat., Georges Petit, 1893).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1893", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Le Roy consigned it to Knoedler & Co., Paris, France, stock no. 8878a.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Knoedler & Co., New York, NY, March 15, 1899, sold to Samuel L. Bronson)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1897-1899", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Samuel L. Bronson [1834-1917] New Haven, CT", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1899-1901", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Bought back by Knoedler, 8 May 1901 (stock number 9444) and sold 10 March 1908 to Thomas Henry Burchell)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1901-1908", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Thomas Henry Burchell [-1942] New York, NY, sold it back to Knoedler, November 3, 1910 (stock number 12199).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1908-1910", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Knoedler Gallery, New York, NY, April 15, 1911, sold to Frederick Gehring)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1910-1911", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Clara Louise Gehring Bickford [1903-1985] Cleveland, OH, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1986", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Meissionier was known for his masterful draftsmanship and scrupulous attention to detail. He amassed a \"work library\" of accessories from local costume markets to ensure that the subjects in his paintings were authenticity attired.", "description": "Trained as a printmaker and book illustrator, Meissonier specialized in small paintings depicting scenes from French history and literature. This painting on wood panel depicts a man dressed like a character from The Three Musketeers (published in 1844) by Alexandre Dumas p\u00e8re. Such paintings, admired for their technical virtuosity and romantic subjects, were immensely popular. Meissonier also painted contemporary military subjects and themes and became an arch-foe of the Realist painter Gustave Courbet.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475907"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.68-on-a-terrace"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>The Complete Works of E. Meissonier: With Biography</em>. New York, NY: J.W. Bouton, 1884.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Meissonier, Jean Louis Ernest. <em>The Complete Works of E. Meissonier: With Biography.</em> New York: J.W. Bouton, 1884.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. xlii", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chaumelin, Marius. <em>Portraits d'Artistes</em>. Paris: C. Marpon et E. Flammarion, 1887.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 51, no. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gre\u0301ard, Octave. <em>Meissonier, His Life and His Art</em>. New York. NY: A.C. Armstrong, 1897.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1986.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXIV, </em>no.<em> 2 </em>(February, 1987):39-79.", "page_number": "Reproduced: on cover; Mentioned: p. 62, no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gotlieb, Marc. <em>The Plight of Emulation: Ernest Meissonier and French Salon Painting</em>. Princeton, NJ.: Princeton University Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 188; Reproduced: p. 246, fig. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "D'Argencourt, Louise and Roger Diederen. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue of Paintings, Part Four; European Paintings of the 19th Century. </em>Cleveland, OH: the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thion, Ste\u0301phane. <em>French armies of the Thirty Years' War</em>. Auzielle, France: LRT, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover and Title pages", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.68", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.68/1986.68_web.jpg", "width": "583", "height": "893", "filesize": "370023", "filename": "1986.68_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.68/1986.68_print.jpg", "width": "2219", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5003203", "filename": "1986.68_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.68/1986.68_full.tif", "width": "3915", "height": "6000", "filesize": "70501940", "filename": "1986.68_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Clara Louise Gehring Bickford", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Victoire and Alfred Rankin Jr. Gallery", "athena_id": 153382, "creators": [{"id": 1661, "description": "Ernest Meissonier (French, 1815\u20131891)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Ernest Meissonier had little formal or institutional artistic training, having studied only briefly in Cogniet's (q.v.) studio. Meissonier began his career making woodcuts for book illustrations, which must have served his craftsmanship and influenced his tendency toward working in a small format. From the beginning he was inspired by seventeenth-century Dutch and Flemish genre painters, as attested by his first Salon painting, Dutch Burghers (1834, Wallace Collection, London). His subjects would eventually have a more typical French flavor, representing artists, musicians, or members of the bourgeoisie involved in leisurely activities, and mostly in eighteenth-century settings. Meissonier joined the French army during the Austro-Italian War (1859), after which he frequently painted military scenes, such as Napoleon III at Solferino (1863, Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Compi\u00e8gne). Along with the many small depictions of the soldier's life, Meissonier also produced some military paintings on a grand scale. Such works were his attempt to make history paintings and served to counter the criticism that his subjects were frivolous. His military paintings culminated in a partly finished project of four large canvases depicting events in Napoleon I's military career that occupied him from 1864 through 1876. But no matter the size or subject of his paintings, they were always meticulously executed. The Franco-Prussian War also inspired some important works, such as Ruins of the Tuileries (1871, Mus\u00e9e National du Ch\u00e2teau de Compi\u00e8gne). Meissonier's work was extremely popular with the upwardly mobile mercantile elite who appreciated his craftsmanship. Criticism came from artists like Degas (q.v.) and Manet (q.v.), who advocated a more Courbet-like realism, addressing contemporary issues rather than painting idealized reflections of the past. Meissonier led the jury that excluded Courbet (q.v.) from the Salon of 1872 because of his involvement in the Paris Commune in 1871. Yet in 1889 Meissonier was also involved in founding the more progressive artist's organization and exhibitions of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Nationale des Beaux-Arts that seceded from the traditional Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Fran\u00e7ais. Meissonier received many honors and was the first artist to be promoted to the grand croix, the highest rank of the Legion of Honor (1899).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1815", "death_year": "1891", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-09-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1867, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1867", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:55:23.688000"}, {"id": 84500, "accession_number": "2020.100", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Fruit and Fruit Dishes, c. 1930. Pierre Bonnard (French, 1867\u20131947). Oil on canvas; unframed: 59.9 x 70.1 cm (23 9/16 x 27 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift, 2020.100. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Fruit and Fruit Dishes", "creation_date": "c. 1930", "creation_date_earliest": 1925, "creation_date_latest": 1935, "artists_tags": ["male", "Nabis"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 59.9 x 70.1 cm (23 9/16 x 27 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.599, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.701, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "framed": {"height": 0.754, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.857, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.067, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 458336, "title": "Bonnard's Worlds", "description": "<i>Bonnard's Worlds</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (November 5, 2023-January 28, 2024); The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (March 2-June 2, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-11-05T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Bonnard: The Late Paintings</em>. Musee National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris, France (February 23-May 21, 1984); Phillips Collection, Washington DC (June 9-August 25, 1984); Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas, TX (September 13-November 11, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Bonnard</em>. Tate Gallery, London, United Kingdom (February 12-May 17, 1998); The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (June 17-October 13, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Joe Hessel [1859-1942] Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Jean Dauberville and Henry Dauberville, <em>Bonnard, Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 de l\u2019\u0152uvre Peint</em> (Paris, 1966), vol. III, p. 174, cat. no. 1206.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Daniel Varenne, Paris, France, sold to Walter Feilchenfeldt", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131971", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Walter Feilchenfeldt, Zurich, Switzerland, April 10, 1974, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Neison Harris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Many thanks to the Walter Feichenfeldt Archives for this information. Much of the information is also published in the Christie\u2019s 2005 sale catalogue.</div>"], "date": "1971\u20131974", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mr. Neison Harris [1915-2001] and Mrs. Neison Harris [1917-2005] Chicago, IL, by descent and consigned to Christie's NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1974\u20132005", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Christie's, New York, NY, November 1, 2005, lot 9, sold to Acquavella Galleries)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Kelly Devine Thomas, \u201cRunaway Imp/Mod Sales: Quality Works Fuel High Prices,\u201d ARTnews (November 22, 2005), this painting was purchased by the Acquavella Galleries at the Christie\u2019s sale.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "2005", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Acquavella Galleries, New York, NY, sold to Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2005\u20132020", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Bonnard loved dogs and owned dachshunds throughout his life. He invariably named his dogs \"Poucette.\"", "description": "Dining scenes are a recurrent theme in Pierre Bonnard\u2019s paintings. While each painting is unique, there are several constants: artfully arranged still lifes, white tablecloths that seem to glow with kaleidoscopic color, and the presence of a close circle of family and friends that often included canine and feline members of the household. Here, a compotier, or long-stemmed dish, of fruit presides at the center of the table, joined by a carafe, two wine glasses, and several dishes displaying fruit and a round of cheese. At the bottom left edge is a cat who stares down a dachshund on the right.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87480869"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dauberville, Jean, and Henry Dauberville. <em>Bonnard, Catalogue Raisonne\u0301 de l'Oeuvre Peint</em>. Paris, France: J. et H. Bernheim, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. III, p. 174, no. 1206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Feilchenfeldt, Marianne, and Walter Feilchenfeldt. <em>25 Jahre Feilchenfeldt in Zu\u0308rich: 1948-1973</em>. Zurich, Switzerland: [publisher not identified], 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Newman, Sasha M. <em>Bonnard: The Late Paintings</em>. Washington, DC.: Phillips Collection, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: P. 190-191, no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elderfield, John and Sarah Whitfield. <em>Bonnard</em>. London, United Kingdom: Tate Gallery Pub, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: P. 172-173, no. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chapin, Mary Weaver. \"Pierre Bonnard.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 102-127. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 126-127; Mentioned: p. 254-257", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Exhibitions: Transformative Gift.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques </em>XLV, no. 10 (November 2022): 48-53.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50; Mentioned: p. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cahn, Isabelle.<em> Bonnard</em>. Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250-251, 276, no. 251", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M., and Elsa Smithgall. <em>Bonnard\u2019s Worlds.</em> Fort Worth, Texas, Washington, DC: Kimbell Art Museum; The Phillips Collection, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 186-187, no. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cahn, Isabelle. <em>Bonnard.</em> Translated by David Wharry. English edition. Munich: Prestel, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250-251, 276, no. 251", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.100", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 84500, "creators": [{"id": 1733, "description": "Pierre Bonnard (French, 1867\u20131947)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pierre Bonnard was a law student when he began his artistic training in 1887 at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian in Paris, where he met Paul S\u00e9rusier (1864-1927) and the theorist and painter Maurice Denis (1870-1943). Both would be influential in his artistic career and become Bonnard's lifelong friends. In 1889, the year he obtained his law degree, he saw the exhibition at Caf\u00e9 Volpini (see Gauguin, Woman in the Waves, no. 100) and was particularly impressed with Gauguin's work. S\u00e9rusier, after having returned from studying with Gauguin in Pont-Aven, decided to form his own artistic group called the Nabis (Hebrew: prophets). The founding members of the Nabis included Denis, who wrote the manifesto for the group, \"D\u00e9finition du n\u00e9o-traditionnisme\" (published in May 1890 in Art et critique), Bonnard, Paul Ranson (1864-1909), and Henri-Gabriel Ibels (1867-1936). Their first exhibition occurred in 1891, and they were later joined by Ker-Xavier Roussel (1867-1944) and Vuillard (q.v.). Based loosely on the synthetist goals established by Gauguin and \u00c9mile Bernard, the movement was created from S\u00e9rusier's vision of an artistic brotherhood dedicated to symbolism whereby a universal language could be expressed through symbols. The Nabis were opposed to the naturalism taught at academies by artists such as Bouguereau (q.v.) and wanted to move away from didactic and moral paintings toward a more decorative style characterized by simplified drawing, flat patches of color, and heavy set contours. Bonnard's works of the 1890s were influenced by the innovations of Gauguin as well as Japanese prints, which were easily accessible in nineteenth-century Paris. His paintings took on a decorative quality, mirroring his artistic expressions in other media such as stained glass, furniture, pottery, and painted screens. Bonnard's and Vuillard's domestic interior paintings of the 1890s were often described using the term intimisme. In 1891 Bonnard also experimented with other media, including poster designs and lithographs, which inspired his friend Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901), whom he had met through La revue blanche, a magazine that published the Nabis' work. Around 1900 the members of the Nabis began to drift apart. Between 1905 and 1910 Bonnard and Vuillard traveled to England, Belgium, Holland, Spain, and Italy, visiting many museums. Bonnard's art began to gravitate toward impressionism, but his colors were more expressive and his compositions more overtly structured; elements of the painted interiors such as doors, windows or pieces of furniture often provided a strong compositional framework. He also worked extensively with photographs. His late works were acclaimed by fellow Parisians like Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and Paul Signac (1863-1935). After 1920 Bonnard exhibited extensively and became an internationally renowned artist, receiving much recognition in the United States, where he traveled in 1926.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1867", "death_year": "1947", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1925, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1930", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.325000"}, {"id": 125951, "accession_number": "1948.183", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, c. 1748. Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685\u20131766). Oil on canvas; framed: 108 x 92.5 x 11 cm (42 1/2 x 36 7/16 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 82 x 65 cm (32 5/16 x 25 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, 1948.183", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "c. 1748", "creation_date_earliest": 1743, "creation_date_latest": 1753, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 108 x 92.5 x 11 cm (42 1/2 x 36 7/16 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 82 x 65 cm (32 5/16 x 25 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.08, "height_inch": 42, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.925, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.82, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.65, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441598, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2019", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2019</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer).", "opening_date": "2019-06-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York World's Fair: Pavilion of France, 1939: \"Five Centuries of History Mirrored in Five Centuries of French Art.\" Cat. no. 212.", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Columbus (Ohio) Gallery of Fine Arts, October 1-November 5, 1950: \"Twentieth-Anniversary Celebration,\" cat. no. 23.", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "University of Michigan Museum of Art, (Ann Arbor), Nov. 1-Nov. 28, 1951: \"Italian, Spanish, and French Paintings of the 17th and 18th Centuries,\" cat. no. 40. Grand Rapids (Michigan) Art Gallery, Dec. 12, 1951-Jan 9, 1952.", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Tulsa, Oklahoma, Philbrook Art Center, April-May, 1953: \"18th and 19th Century French Painting.\u201d", "opening_date": "1953-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Zanesville, (Ohio), April 4-April 28, 1954: \"Masterpieces of Paintings Owned by Ohio Museums.\u201d", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord, Duc de Dino, Paris, France, to second wife, Ms. Adele Livingston Sampson", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ms. Adele Livingston Sampson, by descent to her daughter, Mrs. Frederick H. Allen", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "? - 1912", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Frederick H. Allen, Pelham Manor, New York, from whom purchased by Duveen Brothers", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1912 - 1930", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Duveen Brothers (New York, NY), sold to Commodore and Mrs. Louis Dudley Beaumont", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930 - ?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Commodore and Mrs. Louis Dudley Beaumont, Cap d'Antibes, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1948.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "? - 1948", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948 -", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Though the sitters in his portraits often lack individualized traits, Nattier was fervently sought by French aristocratic women.", "description": "Jean-Marc Nattier was a favorite portraitist of King Louis XV of France. He held the lucrative position as the court painter for Queen Mary Lesczynski, the daughter of the exiled king of Poland. The portrait was long thought to be of Madame Henriette de France, one of the daughters of Louis XV and Queen Mary Lesczynski, but this identification is no longer accepted and the sitter remains unknown. There has been considerable confusion over the identity of many of Nattier's sitters, as they tend to conform to an idealized concept of female beauty.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515574"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.183-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"A Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>35, no. 10 (December 1948): 221-224.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 221; Reproduced: p. 225", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141515"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 481", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n88"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n199"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104; Mentioned: p. 105", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.183", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.183/1948.183_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "893", "filesize": "371381", "filename": "1948.183_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.183/1948.183_print.jpg", "width": "2728", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5308120", "filename": "1948.183_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.183/1948.183_full.tif", "width": "4023", "height": "5014", "filesize": "60545352", "filename": "1948.183_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the Louis Dudley Beaumont Foundation", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125951, "creators": [{"id": 1935, "description": "Jean-Marc Nattier (French, 1685\u20131766)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1685", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-07-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1743, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1748", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mlle de Savigny (?)", "Mlle. De Savigny"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:31:03.270000"}, {"id": 106094, "accession_number": "1924.199", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child Adored by Saints Mary Magdalene and Nicolas of Bari;  Christ Crucified with the Virgin and Saint John the Evangelist, 1400s. Sano di Pietro (Italian, 1406\u20131481). Tempera and gold on wood; image: 46 x 21.4 cm (18 1/8 x 8 7/16 in.); framed: 58.2 x 28 x 4.8 cm (22 15/16 x 11 x 1 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. B. P. Bole, Mr. and Mrs. Guerdon S. Holden, Mrs. Windsor T. White, and the L. E. Holden Fund, 1924.199", "current_location": null, "title": "Virgin and Child Adored by Saints Mary Magdalene and Nicolas of Bari;  Christ Crucified with the Virgin and Saint John the Evangelist", "creation_date": "1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1499, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Siena"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 46 x 21.4 cm (18 1/8 x 8 7/16 in.); Framed: 58.2 x 28 x 4.8 cm (22 15/16 x 11 x 1 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.46, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.214, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "framed": {"height": 0.582, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.28, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.048, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 184084, "title": "Object in Focus: 15th Century Sienese Paintings: A Question of Forgery", "description": "<i>Object in Focus: 15th Century Sienese Paintings: A Question of Forgery</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-May 11, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; March 11- May 11, 2003.  \" Object in Focus: 15th Century Sienese Paintings:  A Question of Forgery\".", "opening_date": "2003-03-11T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Federico Ione, Siena; (Durlacher, New York, 1924)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The artist covered the sides and reverse of this panel with a thin layer of gesso (a type of plaster), allowing the texture of the rough wood to remain visible. He then painted it to resemble porphyry, a beautiful and valuable stone.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60503479"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1924.199-virgin-and-child-ado"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cA Sienese Painting by Sano Di Pietro.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 11, no. 4 (April 1924): 74\u201377.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 74-77", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136751"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n24"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n30"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"'Madonna and Child' by Sano di Pietro: Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>31, no. 7 (September 1944): 143-144.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141149"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 40, p. 114 - 116", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Saunders, Linnaea, E., \"A Question of Forgery\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 43 no. 04, April 2003", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-04/page/n3"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1924.199", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.199/1924.199_web.jpg", "width": "458", "height": "893", "filesize": "366659", "filename": "1924.199_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.199/1924.199_print.jpg", "width": "1745", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5204287", "filename": "1924.199_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.199/1924.199_full.tif", "width": "3010", "height": "5866", "filesize": "53001564", "filename": "1924.199_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.199/1924.199_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "443", "height": "893", "filesize": "344854"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.199/1924.199_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1688", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4457134"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.199/1924.199_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2483", "height": "5000", "filesize": "37262652"}, "date_created": "2005-09-01T15:24:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.199/1924.199_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "443", "height": "893", "filesize": "348743"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.199/1924.199_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1688", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4432154"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.199/1924.199_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2483", "height": "5000", "filesize": "37258516"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. B. P. Bole, Mr. and Mrs. Guerdon S. Holden, Mrs. Windsor T. White, and the L. E. Holden Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 106094, "creators": [{"id": 2258, "description": "Sano di Pietro (Italian, 1406\u20131481)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1406", "death_year": "1481", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1924-01-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:42:25.739000"}, {"id": 136899, "accession_number": "1961.38.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Navicella (recto), c. 1410s. Parri Spinelli (Italian, 1387\u2013c. 1453). Pen and brown ink (iron gall); sheet: 27.2 x 37.2 cm (10 11/16 x 14 5/8 in.); secondary support: 32.8 x 42.8 cm (12 15/16 x 16 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1961.38.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Navicella (recto)", "creation_date": "c. 1410s", "creation_date_earliest": 1410, "creation_date_latest": 1419, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Arezzo, 15th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink (iron gall)", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, tipped on to cream-yellow wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 27.2 x 37.2 cm (10 11/16 x 14 5/8 in.); Secondary Support: 32.8 x 42.8 cm (12 15/16 x 16 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.272, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.372, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.328, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.428, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302039, "title": "Year in Review (1961)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1961)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-26, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361650, "title": "The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400", "description": "<i>The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 23-December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281457, "title": "Michelangelo: Mind of the Master", "description": "<i>Michelangelo: Mind of the Master</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 22, 2019-January 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-09-22T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Italian Drawings.</em> Burlington House. London, 1930.", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Collection of Marquess of Northampton from Castle Ashby</em>. Christie's, London 1959.", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Giorgio Vasari, 1511-74, Florence, Italy (according to Richardson, Ottley, Kurz, Virch, Collobi)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1574?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Johnathan Richardson, Sr., London (Lugt 2183, lower right, in black ink)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1747", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "His sale, 28 January 1747, no. 68", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1747", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Sir Joshua Reynolds, London (Lugt 2364, lower right, in black ink)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1798", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Probably his sale, 15 March 1798, no. 967.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1798", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "C. M. Metz, Rome and London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "W. Young Ottley, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1814", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "His sale, 11 June 1814, no. 622", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1814", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "possibly Sir Thomas Lawrence (Lugt 2445, incomplete blind stamp, lower left)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?1814-?1830", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Samuel Woodburn, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1860", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "His sale, Christie, Manson, Wood, London, 12 June 1860, no. 1230 (as Giotto)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1860", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "Gase, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "Marquess of Northampton, Castle Ashby", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1959", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "His sale, Christie, Manson, Woods, London, 1 May 1959", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959", "sortorder": 15}, {"description": "With Thomas Agnew & Sons Ltd., London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1961", "sortorder": 16}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1961", "sortorder": 17}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Dating from the early 1400s, this drawing by Parri Spinelli is the oldest in the Cleveland Museum of Art's collection.", "description": "Parri Spinelli was most important painter from Arezzo in the early 1300s. About 30 of his drawings are extant, more than for any other artist of the period, when drawing was just beginning to be common to artistic practice. Spinelli used a quill pen and ink on a large sheet of paper to copy the composition of a monumental mosaic by the Florentine artist Giotto that adorned the portico of Old Saint Peter\u2019s Basilica in Rome (since destroyed). In this scene from the Bible, Christ walks on water at right, while Saint Peter kneels before him in front of a ship filled with Christ\u2019s disciples. Spinelli focused on the outlines of the figures, using a limited vocabulary of parallel and perpendicular lines to suggest shallow depth and shadow. Paper was rarely wasted. On the other side of the sheet (1961.38.b), Spinelli continued the copy, rendering two large ships and two rowing boats full of people.The drawing formed part of a model or pattern book that Spinelli would have kept in his studio. The book was broken up, probably as early as the 1500s, and two other drawings with the same subject\u2014in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, and in the Mus\u00e9e Bonnat in Bayonne\u2014are known.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80031184"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.38.a-navicella-recto"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Richardson, Jonathan, and Jonathan Richardson. An Account of Some of the Statues, Bas-Reliefs, Drawings and Pictures in Italy, &amp;C. With Remarks. London: Printed for J. Knapton at the Crown in St. Paul's Church-Yard, 1722.", "page_number": "293 (as Giotto)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richardson, Jonathan. Traite de la peinture et de la sculpture. A\u0300 Amsterdam: Chez Herman Uytwerf, 1728.", "page_number": "III/2, 538 (as from Vasari's Libro by Giotto)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metz, C. M. Imitations of Ancient and Modern Drawings from the Restoration of the Arts in Italy to the Present Time: Together with a Chronological Account of the Artists and Structures of Their Work in English and French. London: The author, 1798.", "page_number": "5, ill (in reverse as etching, as Giotto)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ottley, William Young. The Italian School of Design: Being a Series of Fac-Similes of Original Drawings, by the Most Eminent Painters and Sculptors of Italy; with Biographical Notices of the Artists, and Observations on Their Works. London: Taylor and Hessey, 1823.", "page_number": "repr. p. 9 (as Giotto)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Venturi, Lionello, \"La 'Navicella' di Giotto,\" <em>L'Arte</em> XXV (1922): pp. 49-69.", "page_number": "fig.4 (as circle of Lorenzo Monaco)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Popham, A. E<em>. Italian Drawings Exhibited at the Royal Academy, Burlington House</em>. London: The Oxford University Press, and the Executive Committee of the exhibition, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kurz, Otto, \"Giorgio Vasari's 'Libro de' Disegni,\" <em>Old Master Drawings A Quarterly Magazine for Students and Collectors</em> 45 (June, 1937): pp. 1-7.", "page_number": "p. 7 (as a copy of Giotto's mosaic)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. The Drawings of the Florentine Painters. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press, 1938.", "page_number": "2: 254, no. 1837K (as Parri Spinelli)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Popham, Arthur Ewart. <em>Old Master Drawings: From the Collection of the Marquess of Northampton and Removed from Castle Ashby, Northampton.</em> London: Christie, Manson &amp; Woods, 1959.", "page_number": "no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Virch, Claus, \"A Page from Vasari's Book of Drawings,\" <em>Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</em> XIX no. 7 (March 1961): 185-93.", "page_number": "pp. 189-93, fig 5 (as Ottley engraving)", "url": "JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3257885."}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery. <em>The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400.</em> Baltimore, MD: Walters Art Gallery, 1962.", "page_number": "no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.). The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400; [Exhibition]: October 23-December 2, 1962. 1962.", "page_number": "pp. 34-35, no. 32, plate 35 (as Parri Spinelli?)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Degenhart, Bernhard, and Annegrit Schmitt. Corpus der italienischen Zeichnungen, 1300-1450. Berlin: Mann, 1968.", "page_number": "2: 281, no. 183, 637; 3: plates 204a, b (as circle of Lorenzo Monaco)", "url": null}, {"citation": "van Regteren Altena, E. Q., review of Degenhart, Bernhard, and Annegrit Schmitt (Corpus der italienischen Zeichnungen, 1300-1450. Berlin: Mann, 1968) <em>Master Drawings</em> VIII (1970): 396-402", "page_number": "p. 400 (as Parri Spinelli?)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pillsbury, Edmund P.<em> Florence and the Arts; Five Centuries of Patronage.</em> 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levenson, Jay A., Konrad Oberhuber, and Jacquelyn L. Sheehan. Early Italian Engravings from the National Gallery of Art. 1973.", "page_number": "160, fig. 7-1 verso (as Parri Spinelli)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ragghianti Collobi, Licia, and Giorgio Vasari. Il libro de'disegni del Vasari. A A. Firenze: Vallecchi, 1974.", "page_number": "1: 28, 38, 39. 2: figs. 46, 47 (as Antonio Veneziano)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zucker, Mark J. \u201cParri Spinelli Drawings Reconsidered.\u201d <em>Master Drawings</em>, vol. 19, no. 4, 1981, pp. 426\u2013484.", "page_number": "mentions pp. 432, 440n28, 440n35, 441n37, 441n41, illus. pl 19", "url": "JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1553595."}, {"citation": "Bean, Jacob, Turc\u030cic\u0301, Lawrence, and Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.). 15th and 16th Century Italian Drawings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art / Jacob Bean with the Assistance of Lawrence Turc\u030cic\u0301. New York : The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982. .", "page_number": "p. 170", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/71963"}, {"citation": "Ko\u0308hren-Jansen, Helmtrud. Giottos Navicella: Bildtradition, Deutung, Rezeptionsgeschichte. Worms am Rhein: Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 1993.", "page_number": "p.p. 225-26; fig. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Elen, Albert J. Italian late-medieval and Renaissance drawing-books: from Giovannino de'Grassi to Palma Giovane : a codicological approach. Leiden: A.J. Elen, 1995.", "page_number": "repr. p. 511, no. 6, cat. no. 10; repr. p. 522, no. 24, cat. no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L., and Edward J. Olszewski. Drawings in Midwestern Collections: A Corpus. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996.", "page_number": "pp. 102-107, no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 8, 18-21, 283; Reproduced: P. 19, cat. no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goldner, George, review of <em>Master Drawings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, <em>Master Drawings</em> vol 40, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 174-176.", "page_number": "175.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bresciani, Aristide. Spinello di Luca detto Aretino. 2021, 247.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced; p. 247, fig, 67.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.38.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.38.a/1961.38.a_web.jpg", "width": "1206", "height": "893", "filesize": "964404", "filename": "1961.38.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.38.a/1961.38.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2518", "filesize": "7705705", "filename": "1961.38.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.38.a/1961.38.a_full.tif", "width": "3800", "height": "2814", "filesize": "32100564", "filename": "1961.38.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.38.a/1961.38.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1212", "height": "893", "filesize": "234468"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.38.a/1961.38.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2505", "filesize": "2178841"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.38.a/1961.38.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7530", "height": "5548", "filesize": "125351380"}, "date_created": "2012-11-20T16:22:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.38.a/1961.38.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1206", "height": "893", "filesize": "960720"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.38.a/1961.38.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2517", "filesize": "8478213"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.38.a/1961.38.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6328", "height": "4686", "filesize": "88988216"}, "date_created": "2011-06-06T14:11:17", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136899, "creators": [{"id": 11598, "description": "Parri Spinelli (Italian, 1387\u2013c. 1453)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1387", "death_year": "1453", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-02-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1410, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1410s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1961.38", "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Page from a Sketchbook: An Adaptation of Giotto's Navicella"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:19.814000"}, {"id": 127572, "accession_number": "1950.251", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Annunciation, c. 1580. Paolo Veronese (Italian, 1528\u20131588), and Workshop. Oil on canvas; framed: 176 x 159.5 x 9.5 cm (69 5/16 x 62 13/16 x 3 3/4 in.); unframed: 150 x 133.4 cm (59 1/16 x 52 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1950.251", "current_location": null, "title": "The Annunciation", "creation_date": "c. 1580", "creation_date_earliest": 1575, "creation_date_latest": 1585, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown", "male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 176 x 159.5 x 9.5 cm (69 5/16 x 62 13/16 x 3 3/4 in.); Unframed: 150 x 133.4 cm (59 1/16 x 52 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.76, "height_inch": 69, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.595, "width_inch": 62, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 1.5, "height_inch": 59, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.334, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 220974, "title": "Paolo Veronese: Versatile Master of Renaissance Venice", "description": "<i>Paolo Veronese: Versatile Master of Renaissance Venice</i>. John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (organizer) (December 6, 2012-April 14, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-12-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 675826, "title": "Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses", "description": "<i>Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 2025-February 1, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-11-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Survey of Italian Art.</em> Seattle Art Museum, Seattle, WA (November 8-December 8, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Titian, Tintoretto, Paolo Veronese with a Group of Sixteenth-Century Venetian Drawings</em>. Art Gallery of Ontario,Toronto, Ontario ( February 12-March 13, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masterpieces of the 16th Century Art. </em>Vassar College Art Gallery, Poughkeepsie, NY (October 15-November 15, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Adriatic Sea: A Civilization Between Borders and Frontiers</em>. Fondo Mole Vanvitelliana, Ancona, Italy (March-July 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Secular Veronese</em>. (Musee du Luxembourg, Paris, France (September 22, 2004-January 30, 2005); Musee Correr, Venice, Italy (February 11-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese: Rivals in Renaissance Venice</em>. Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Boston, MA (March 15-August 6, 2009; Musee du Louvre, Paris, France (September 14, 2009-January 5, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-03-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Saemy Rosenberg visited Koppel in Toronto during the war and it was determined that Rosenberg &amp; Stiebel would sell Koppel's collection</div>"], "date": "Until 1950", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Albert Koppel, Switzerland and Toronto, Ontario, consigned to Rosenberg & Stiebel", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->After leaving Germany, Alfred Koppel went to Switzerland before settling in Toronto.</div>"], "date": "Probably 1933 - c. 1950", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Leopold Koppel [1854-1933], Berlin, by descent to his son, Albert Koppel", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Leopold Koppel was a prominent banker and entrepreneur with an extensive collection.&nbsp; Art historian Wilhelm von Bode [d. 1929], who advised Koppel on his collection, likely expected him to leave it to the Kasier-Friedrich-Museum (now the Bode Museum), which Bode had established in 1904. &nbsp; The donation never materialized, however, as the Koppel famly had to leave Germany when Hitler came to power.</div>"], "date": "Probably 1913-1933", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Balboni collection, Venice, probably sold to Leopold Koppel", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Max J. Friedlaender's handwritten inventory of Leopold Koppel's collection, apparently the earliest documentation for the Veronese, states that Koppel purchased the painting in 1913 from Balboni in Venice.&nbsp; Balboni may refer to Carlo Balboni, a dealer in Venice who appears in the provenances of a series of works by Pietro Longhi currently in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1913", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The white lilies held by Gabriel are a symbol of Mary's purity and innocence, often appearing in depictions of the Annunciation.", "description": "Although Veronese is best known for his large-scale, pageant-like presentations, here the artist has taken the narrative of the Annunciation (the announcement of the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary that she would conceive and bear a son) and compressed the figures close to one another, creating a startling intimacy. According to a tradition established by the medieval writer Saint Bernard, Mary has been reading from the Old Testament prophecy of Isaiah (7:14), \"A young woman is with child and she will bear a son.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515744"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.251-the-annunciation"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Saemy Rosenberg, letter to Henry S. Francis, Nov. 3, 1966, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Saemy Rosenberg, letter to William Milliken, June 30, 1950, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Saemy Rosenberg, letter to Henry S. Francis, Nov. 3, 1966, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hadeln, Detlev, Hermann Voss, and Morton H. Bernath. <em>Archiv Fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte</em>. Leipzig: E.A. Seemann, 1913.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Saemy Rosenberg, letter to Henry S. Francis, Nov. 3, 1966, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Brilliant, Virginia, et al. <em>Paolo Veronese: A Master and His Workshop in Renaissance Venice</em>. London, England: Scala, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 198", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Saemy Rosenberg, letter to Henry S. Francis, Nov. 3, 1966, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Archiv Fu\u0308r Kunstgeschichte</em> II, no. 3 (1914-1915): no. 50.", "page_number": "Mentioned: No. 50; reproduced: Taf. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"1916 Cleveland 1951.\" <em>ARTnews </em>XLIX, no. 2 (1951): 30-37.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d January 11, 1951, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0011"}, {"citation": "\"Recent Acquisitions.\" <em>Pictures on Exhibit </em>XIII, no. 5 (February 1951): 50-53.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Venetian Art and Its Field of Influence.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>38, no. 2 (February 1951): 21-27, 30-35, 38-40", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 39-40.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141687"}, {"citation": "\"Nachrichten.\" <em>Die Kunst </em>(March 1951): 121-125.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Museum News.\" <em>Museums Journal </em>LI (April 1951): 19-22.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vertova, Luisa. <em>Veronese</em>. Milano, Italy: Electa, 1952.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance; A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works with an Index of Places. Venetian School</em>. New York, NY: Phaidon Publishers; distributed by Garden City Books, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 130, vol. I; Reproduced: pl. 1077, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance; A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works with an Index of Places. Venetian School. </em>New York: Phaidon Publishers; distributed by Garden City Books, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. I, P. 130; Reproduced: Vol. II, pl. 1077", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 417", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n77"}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo. \"Tiziano, Tintoretto e Veronese a Toronto.\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>XII-XIV (1959-1960): 300.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 300", "url": null}, {"citation": "Art Gallery of Toronto. <em>Titian, Tintoretto, Paolo Veronese, with a Group of Sixteenth-Century Venetian Drawings: a loan exhibition 12 February-13 March 1960.</em>Toronto, Ontario, 1960.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n122"}, {"citation": "Marini, Remigio. <em>L'opera completa del Veronese</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli Editore, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 130; Reproduced: p. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 98", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n122"}, {"citation": "Heineman, Rudolf J. <em>Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection [Established in Memory of Dr. H.C. August Thyssen.</em> Castagnola: Villa Favorita, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 346", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. <em>Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39, 305, 374", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio, and Veronese. <em>Veronese</em>. Venezia, Italy: Alfieri, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96, 162, 193, vol. I; Reproduced: figs. 679-82, vol. II.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n134"}, {"citation": "Hadeln, Detlev, and Gunter Schweikhart. <em>Paolo Veronese</em>. Florenz, Italy: Kunsthistorisches Institut Florenz, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 92, 116; Reproduced: fig. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 450; Reproduced: p. 451", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gemin, Massimo. <em>Nuovi studi su Paolo Veronese</em>. Venezia, Italy: Arsenale editrice, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 209, fig. 165", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 238", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio, Veronese, and Filippo Pedrocco. <em>Veronese</em>. Milano, Italy: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 452-453; Reproduced: np. 349", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nitti, Patrizia. <em>Veronese: Gods, Heroes and Allegories</em>. Milan, Italy: Skira, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 124; Reproduced: p. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ilchman, Frederick, and Linda Borean. <em>Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese: Rivals in Renaissance Venice</em>. Boston, MA: MFA Publications, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 214, cat. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brilliant, Virginia, et al. <em>Paolo Veronese: A Master and His Workshop in Renaissance Venice</em>. London,United Kingdom: Scala, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145, fig. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}, {"citation": "Lisby, Darnell-Jamal, William Griswold, Matteo Augello, Alessandra Arezzi Boza, Massimiliano Capella, Luke Meagher, Stefania Ricci, and Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Renaissance to Runway: The Enduring Italian Houses</em>. 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"use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-06-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1575, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1580", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:00.898000"}, {"id": 138515, "accession_number": "1962.407", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "First Steps, c. 1859\u201366. Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet (French, 1814\u20131875). Black chalk and pastel on beige laid paper; sheet: 29.5 x 45.9 cm (11 5/8 x 18 1/16 in.); secondary support: 36 x 50.9 cm (14 3/16 x 20 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Thomas H. Jones, Sr., 1962.407", "current_location": null, "title": "First Steps", "creation_date": "c. 1859\u201366", "creation_date_earliest": 1854, "creation_date_latest": 1871, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "black chalk and pastel on beige laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, perimeter mounted to  beige(1) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 29.5 x 45.9 cm (11 5/8 x 18 1/16 in.); Secondary Support: 36 x 50.9 cm (14 3/16 x 20 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.295, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.459, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.36, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.509, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in black chalk: J. F. Millet\r\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361479, "title": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet", "description": "<i>Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet</i>. Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 20-March 7, 1976); Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (organizer) (October 17-January 5, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 357309, "title": "Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Seventeenth-, Eighteenth-, and Early Nineteenth-Century Genre and French Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310038, "title": "The Graphic Art of the Barbizon School", "description": "<i>The Graphic Art of the Barbizon School</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 17-May 17, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-03-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 283693, "title": "Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Pure Color: Pastels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 19, 2016-March 19, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-11-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Emile Gavet [1830-1904], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Herbert in Paris/London 1975-76 includes in the provenance a work that sold at Drouot, Paris, 30 April 1888, as no. 5, which is incorrect, since this lot is a painting; no other works in the sale correspond to the Cleveland drawing.</div>"], "date": "after 1859 - 1875", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(his sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, June 11\u201312, 1875, no. 80, sold to \"Del\")", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1875", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "\"Del\"", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1875-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1962", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mrs. Thomas H. Jones Sr. [Katharine Brooks Jones, d. 1979], Cleveland, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1962", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1962-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "At the time this drawing was made, many critics disparaged Millet's depictions of peasants as politically radical.", "description": "In the 1860s Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet began to add pastel to his black chalk drawings of peasants and rural life, with the hope that the addition of color would make his monochromatic drawings more marketable. Between 1865 and 1869, he worked almost exclusively in pastel, producing more than 100 works. The taste for \u201cenhanced\u201d or \u201cpastelled drawings,\u201d as Millet described them, grew among collectors and artists, and inspired a revival of the medium in the 1870s and 1880s. Here, in a fenced-in garden behind a house, parents encourage their child to walk for the first time. Delicate passages of blue, green, yellow, and red enliven the composition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80034442"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.407-first-steps"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Talbot, William S. \"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet: Return from the Fields.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 9 (1973): 259-66.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 265; Reproduced: p. 264", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152497"}, {"citation": "<em>Millet, Van Gogh</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 158 n. 33-34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hitchcock, Ripley. \"Millet and the Children.\" <em>St. Nicholas </em>14, no. 3 (January 1887): 166-178.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Soulli\u00e9, Louis. <em>Peintures, aquarelles, pastels, dessins de Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet relev\u00e9s dans les catalogues de ventes de 1849 \u00e0 1900</em>. Paris: Librairie sp\u00e9ciale des catalogues de ventes annot\u00e9s, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cartwright, Julia. <em>Jean Fran\u00e7ois Millet: His Life and Letters</em>. New York: Macmillan, 1902.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 377", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gensel, Walther. <em>Millet und Rousseau</em>. Bielefelder: Velhagen &amp; Klasing, 1902.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rolland, Romain. <em>Millet</em>. London: Duckworth, 1902.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. X; Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Holme, Charles, ed. <em>Corot and Millet</em>. New York: International Studio, 1903.", "page_number": "Reproduced: plate M17", "url": null}, {"citation": "B\u00e9n\u00e9dite, L\u00e9once. <em>Les dessins de J.F. Millet</em>. Paris: Hachette, 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mireur, H. <em>Dictionnaire des ventes d'art faites en France et \u00e0 l'etranger pendant les XVIIIe &amp; XIXe si\u00e8cles</em>. Paris: Vincenti, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 5, p. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Diez, E. <em>Jean Fran\u00e7ois Millet</em>. Bielefelder: Velhagen &amp; Klasing, 1912.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Veth, Jan. \"Une m\u00eame composition chez Joseph Isra\u00ebls et chez Millet.\" <em>L'Art flamand &amp; hollandais </em>9, no. 17 (1912): 53-60.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 55, 57-60; Reproduced: between pp. 58", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cox, Kenyon. <em>Artist and Public</em>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1914.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 65-66; Reproduced: plate 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Moreau-N\u00e9laton, \u00c9tienne. <em>Millet racont\u00e9 par lui-m\u00eame</em>. Paris: Henri Laurens, 1921.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, pp. 38, 59, 192; Reproduced: between pp. 40 and 41; vol. 3, p. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gsell, Paul. <em>Millet</em>. Paris: Rieder, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Drawings by Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet</em>. Exh. Cat. Cardiff: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35, under no. 50a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bouchot-Saupique, Jacqueline. <em>Dessins de Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 22, under no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Some Paintings of the Barbizon School</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Hazlitt Gallery, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13, under no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chase, Alice Elizabeth. <em>Famous Paintings</em>. New York: Platt &amp; Munk, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bacou, Roseline. <em>Millet: One Hundred Drawings</em>. New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 206, under no. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herbert, Robert L., Roseline Bacou, and Michel Laclotte. <em>Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Grand Palais, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fermigier, Andr\u00e9. <em>Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet</em>. Geneva: Skira, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 54, 62-63, 143; Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Important Nineteenth Century European Drawings and Watercolours</em>. London: Sotheby's, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: under no. 75A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 62-64; Reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Les plus belles pages de la po\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise</em>. Paris: S\u00e9lection du Reader's Digest, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 380-381", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meixner, Laura L. <em>An International Episode: Millet, Monet and their North American Counterparts</em>. Exh. Cat. Memphis: Dixon Gallery and Gardens, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murphy, Alexandra R. <em>Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet</em>. Exh. Cat. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meixner, Laura L. \"Will Hicok Low (1853-1932): His Early Career and Barbizon Experience.\" <em>American Art Journal</em> 17, no. 4 (Autumn 1985): 51-70.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59; Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tilborgh, Louis van, Sjraar van Heugten, and Philip Conisbee. <em>Van Gogh &amp; Millet</em>. Exh. Cat. Amsterdam: Van Gogh Museum, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 111, under no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lepoittevin, Lucien. <em>Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet, images et symboles</em>. Cherbourg: Iso\u00e8te, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fermigier, Andr\u00e9. <em>Millet</em>. Geneva: Skira, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58, 137; Reproduced: p. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>19th Century Continental Pictures, Watercolours and Drawings</em>. London: Christie's, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: 25, under no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kimura, Shigenobu. <em>Urban Utopia</em>. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 64, 146; Reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>19th Century European Paintings, Drawings, Watercolors and Sculpture</em>. New York: Christie's, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70, under no. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gu\u00e9gan, St\u00e9phane. <em>Millet peintre paysan</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 78; Reproduced: p. 79", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Murphy, Alexandra R., Richard Rand, Brian T. Allen, et al. <em>Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet: Drawn into the Light</em>. Exh. Cat. Williamstown, MA: Clark Art Institute, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 89, under no. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 134-135, pp. 290-291, no. 53; Reproduced: p. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Manoeuvre, Laurent. <em>Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet, pastels et dessins</em>. Paris: Biblioth\u00e8que de l'Image, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \"Pure Color: A new exhibition celebrates luminous pastels.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 56, no. 6 (November/December 2016): 8-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8; Mentioned: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2016-06"}, {"citation": "Milesi, Silvana. Il padre nell'arte e nel tempo. Bergamo : Corponove, 2020, 23.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cNineteenth-Century French Drawings: Acquiring the now-on-view collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>63, no. 1 (2023): 8-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2023-01/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 100-101, no. 11", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.407", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.407/1962.407_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "577", "filesize": "273234", "filename": "1962.407_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.407/1962.407_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2178", "filesize": "3437164", "filename": "1962.407_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.407/1962.407_full.tif", "width": "13670", "height": "8756", "filesize": "359115656", "filename": "1962.407_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Thomas H. Jones, Sr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138515, "creators": [{"id": 1667, "description": "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet (French, 1814\u20131875)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a wealthy farmer, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Millet studied with a portrait painter from Cherbourg, Bon du Mouchel (1807-1846), himself a student of David (q.v.). Mouchel required his young apprentice to copy paintings in the museum in Cherbourg, where Millet had been sent to enter the studio of Lucien-Th\u00e9ophile Langlois (1803-1845), a former student of Gros (q.v.). Millet received a stipend from the city to move to Paris in 1837, enrolling in the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in the studio of Delaroche (q.v.), where he met Couture (q.v.). Within two years he had left Delaroche, and his stipend was withdrawn. To earn a living, he executed pastels and small paintings in the style of Jean Antoine Watteau (1684-1729) and Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (1703-1770). In 1839 the first painting that Millet sent to the Salon, Saint Anne Instructing the Virgin, was refused. The following year one portrait was accepted at the Salon, and Millet spent the winter in Cherbourg where he could make a living painting portraits. After his marriage to Pauline-Virginie Ono, he returned to Paris, painting various subjects but finding little success. He met Th\u00e9odore Rousseau (q.v.) and Diaz de la Pe\u00f1a (q.v.) and was introduced to Durand-Ruel, who purchased some of his works, at that point mainly pastoral scenes and nudes. In the late 1840s Millet began to devote himself to painting peasants and rural life, subjects that automatically had political overtones in the light of the 1848 revolutions. In 1849 he settled in Barbizon, continuing his depictions of the peasantry. He achieved some financial security thanks to Alfred Sensier, who supplied him with materials and sold his paintings. At the Salon of 1850-51 Millet exhibited The Sower (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston), which received a great deal of attention. Although the conservatives accused Millet of overemphasizing the poverty of the peasants, the republican and leftist movement hailed the painting as a dignified representation of the working class. Millet claimed to be interested solely in the biblical allusions of his subject, yet he seemed to persist in painting the poorest peasants at the worst tasks. The final ten years of his life were successful ones. A retrospective of his work at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1867 solidified his reputation, and the following year he received the Legion of Honor. His work was influential for generations of artists.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1814", "death_year": "1875", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1854, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1859\u201366", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:05:53.770000"}, {"id": 141931, "accession_number": "1965.470", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Arm of Eve, 1507. Albrecht D\u00fcrer (German, 1471\u20131528). Point of brush and gray and black wash, brush and gray and black wash, heightened with white gouache; sheet: 34.4 x 26.7 cm (13 9/16 x 10 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Alan Kennedy, 1965.470", "current_location": null, "title": "Arm of Eve", "creation_date": "1507", "creation_date_earliest": 1507, "creation_date_latest": 1507, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Nuremberg"], "technique": "point of brush and gray and black wash, brush and gray and black wash, heightened with white gouache", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - German", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 34.4 x 26.7 cm (13 9/16 x 10 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.344, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.267, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, center right, in gray ink: 1507 / [artist monogram: AD]; verso, lower left, in graphite: Nro 24. F 13 z. [bn?] 10zgL.\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Watermark: Anchor (similar to Briquet 461)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\"franck / 828\" in graphite, center verso (Lugt 946)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 445466, "title": "Durer in America: His Graphic Work", "description": "<i>Durer in America: His Graphic Work</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (April 24-July 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-04-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361507, "title": "Du\u0308rer in America: His Graphic Work", "description": "<i>Du\u0308rer in America: His Graphic Work</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (April 25-June 6, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-04-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361506, "title": "Gothic and Renaissance Art in Nuremberg, 1300-1550", "description": "<i>Gothic and Renaissance Art in Nuremberg, 1300-1550</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 8-June 22, 1986); Germanisches Nationalmuseum, 90402 N\u00fcrnberg, Germany (July 24-September 28, 1986).", "opening_date": "1986-04-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Albrecht D\u00fcrer\u2019s Engravings, Etchings\u2026 with Eight Original Drawings from the Collections Von Franck.</em> Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. 1888.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Joseph Gr\u00fcnling (1875-1845), Vienna (Lugt 1107).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1818/23", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Alfred Ritter von Franck (1808-1884), Vienna/Graz (Lugt 947)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1888", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "With Amsler & Ruthardt, Berlin", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "ca. 1884", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Ferdinand Meder, New York; his sale \"with Mr. C. Klackner\", New York, 1888", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1888", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Edward Habich (1818-1901), Kassel; his sale, Gutekunst-Auction, Stuttgart, 27 April 1899, lot 236;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1899", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna (property of Archduke Friedrich of Austria) (Lugt 174)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1899-1926", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Eugene Meyer (1875-1959), Washington, DC", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "ca. 1926-ca. 1938", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "with Arthur H. Harlow & Co., New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "with Walter Schatzki, New York;", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Frits Lugt (1884-1970), Paris/The Hague", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938-1965", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "with Richard H. Zinser, New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The blue paper that D\u00fcrer used to make this drawing was a specialty of Venetian paper makers in the 16th century, who achieved the color by infusing the paper pulp with dyed fibers.", "description": "<em>Arm of Eve</em> is the only surviving preparatory drawing for D\u00fcrer\u2019s life-size panels of Adam and Eve in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It is also one of the few surviving drawings by the artist made on Venetian blue paper, a support he began to use for his chiaroscuro studies while visiting Venice in the winter of 1506\u20137. With extraordinary economy of means, using only black and gray ink and a limited amount of wash and gouache for shading and heightening, D\u00fcrer suggested the grace and balance of the complete human form in this composition of a disembodied arm and hand. Such a study of a hand in ideal proportions cannot help but suggest the hand of the artist, a self-referential nod to his own abilities.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80041564"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.470-arm-of-eve"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Heller, Joseph. <em>Das leben und die werke Albrecht Du\u0308rer's</em>. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1831.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 125, no. 24", "url": "https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/heller1827bd2_1/0137/image"}, {"citation": "Ephrussi, Charles. <em>Albert Du\u0308rer et ses dessins.</em> Paris: A. Quantin, 1882.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144", "url": "https://archive.org/details/albertdreretse00ephruoft/page/144/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Lippmann, Friedrich, Joseph Meder, Jos Scho\u0308nbrunner, and Friedrich Winkler. <em>Zeichnungen von Albrecht Du\u0308rer</em>. Berlin: G. Grote, 1883-1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 19-20, no. 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. <em>Exhibition of Albert Du\u0308rer's Engravings, Etchings, and Dry-Points: And of Most of the Woodcuts Executed from His Designs : November 15, 1888 to January 15, 1889</em>. Boston: Printed for the museum by A. Mudge &amp; Son, 1888.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 75, no. 278", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scho\u0308nbrunner, Jos, and Joseph Meder. <em>Handzeichnungen alter Meister aus der Albertina und anderen Sammlungen</em>. Wien: Gerlach &amp; Schenk, 1896-1908.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 7, no. 793", "url": "https://archive.org/details/gri_33125010104954/page/n189/"}, {"citation": "Meder, Joseph. <em>Die Handzeichnung: ihre Technik und Entwicklung</em>. Wien: Kunstverlag Anton Schroll, 1923.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154", "url": "https://archive.org/details/diehandzeichnung00mede/page/154/"}, {"citation": "Flechsig, Eduard. <em>Albrecht Du\u0308rer: sein Leben und seine Ku\u0308nstlerische Entwickelung.</em> Berlin: G. Grote, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 570, no. 519", "url": "https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/flechsig1931bd2/0618/image"}, {"citation": "Pfister, Kurt. <em>Albrecht Du\u0308rer: Werk und Gestalt</em>. Zu\u0308rich: Amalthea-Verlag, 1928.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 100, no. 135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winkler, Friedrich<em>. Die Zeichnungen Albrecht Du\u0308rers</em>. Berlin: Deutscher Verein fu\u0308r kunstwissenschaft, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112-113, no. 434", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans, and E. Tietze-Conrat. <em>Kritisches Verzeichnis der Werke Albrecht Du\u0308rers.</em> Basel: Holbein-Verlag, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 38-39, 190, no. 348", "url": null}, {"citation": "Panofsky, Erwin.<em> Albrecht Du\u0308rer.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1945.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 120, no. 1208", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. <em>Du\u0308rer als Zeichner und Aquarellist</em>. Wien: Schroll, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Winkler, Friedrich. <em>Albrecht Du\u0308rer, Leben und Werk</em>. Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1957.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 199, n2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hasselt, Carlos van, \"Old Master Drawings in the Lugt Collection,\" Apollo (Nov. 1964): pp. 417-419.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 417", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1965, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1310"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n130"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts,</em> No. 1173 (October 1966): pp. 3-ff.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E.. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Young, Mahonri Sharp, \"Great Guns at Detroit and Cleveland,\" Apollo (September 1966): pp. 237-241.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 239, 241", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 7 (September 1966): 181\u2013284.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202; Mentioned: p. 282, no. 89", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Burton, Richard, \"Fifty years of Cleveland,\" The Connoisseur vol. 163 no. 656 (Oct. 1966): pp. 128-135.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yamazawa, Syoichi, \"News from Abroad,\" Mizue: a monthly review of the fine arts, No. 742 (Nov. 1966): pp. 92-98.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 92-93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Art Quarterly, \"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, October-December 1966,\" The Art Quarterly vol. XXX, no. 1 (1967): pp. 63-90.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto, and Eva Benesch. <em>Master Drawings in the Albertina: European Drawings from the 15th to the 18th Century</em>. Greenwich, Conn: New York Graphic Society Publishers, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n130"}, {"citation": "Fricke, Berthold. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Hannover: Knorr &amp; Hirth, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 42-43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Talbot, Charles W. <em>Du\u0308rer in America, His Graphic Work.</em> Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. vii, p. 17-18, pp. 58-59, cat. no. xv", "url": null}, {"citation": "Young, Mahonri Sharp, \"The Loving Eye, the Cunning Hand,\" Apollo (July, 1971): pp. 40-45.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 42-43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Werner, Alfred, \"Albrecht Du\u0308rer, Master Draftsman,\" American Artist vol. 35 no. 350 (September 1971): pp. 24-", "page_number": "pp. 24-29, 61-63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strauss, Walter L.. <em>The Complete Drawings of Albrecht Du\u0308rer.</em> New York: Abaris Books, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 996, no. 1507/1", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n144"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35-36; reproduced: p. 36, fig. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Gothic and Renaissance Art in Nuremberg, 1300-1550. </em>Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 296, no. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Gothic and Renaissance Art in Nuremberg, 1300-1550</em>. Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 296, no. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L., and Edward J. Olszewski. <em>Drawings in Midwestern Collections: A Corpus</em>. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 141-142, no. 86,", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8, p. 12, pp.148-49; p.292, cat.no. 59; Reproduced: p. 149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heijbroek, J. F. <em>Frits Lugt, 1884-1970: leven voor de kunst : biografie</em>. Bussum: Thoth, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 409", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 160-161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heijbroek, J. F. <em>Frits Lugt, 1884-1970 : Living for Art : A Biography</em>. Bussum, Paris: Thoth Publishers; Fondation Custodia, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 400-402; illus. p. 401.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 156", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Glaubinger, Jane and Lemonedes, Heather. \u201cTreasures on Paper: The Cr\u00e8me de la cr\u00e8me of the museum\u2019s prints and drawings collection is now on view.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 2 (March/April 2014): 6-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-02"}, {"citation": "Metzger, Christof, Karl Sch\u00fctz, sand Julia Zaunbauer. <em>Albrecht D\u00fcrer: The Complete Paintings, Selected Drawings and Prints.</em> Cologne: Taschen, 2025.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 448, fig. D101", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.470", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "267427", "filename": "1965.470_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_print.jpg", "width": "2719", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4409008", "filename": "1965.470_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_full.tif", "width": "8628", "height": "10787", "filesize": "279239584", "filename": "1965.470_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "303328"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2719", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5049950"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8628", "height": "10787", "filesize": "279240108"}, "date_created": "2025-04-11T14:00:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "240281"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2719", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4354105"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8628", "height": "10787", "filesize": "279238524"}, "date_created": "2025-04-11T14:05:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "720", "height": "900", "filesize": "280602"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2719", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4976604"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8628", "height": "10787", "filesize": "279239232"}, "date_created": "2025-04-11T14:05:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "711", "height": "893", "filesize": "134507"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2706", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2034913"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4402", "height": "5530", "filesize": "73053268"}, "date_created": "2013-01-03T19:40:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "712", "height": "893", "filesize": "591130"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1926", "filesize": "2953562"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1926", "filesize": "8878276"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "722", "height": "900", "filesize": "285382"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2727", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3983603"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.470/1965.470_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6224", "filesize": "93237100"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Alan Kennedy", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141931, "creators": [{"id": 11617, "description": "Albrecht D\u00fcrer (German, 1471\u20131528)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1471", "death_year": "1528", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1507, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1507", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:16.313000"}, {"id": 149377, "accession_number": "1978.37", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Studies of a Seated Female, Child's Head, and Three Studies of a Baby, c. 1507\u20138. Raphael (Italian, 1483\u20131520). Metalpoint; sheet: 12 x 15.3 cm (4 3/4 x 6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1978.37", "current_location": null, "title": "Studies of a Seated Female, Child's Head, and Three Studies of a Baby", "creation_date": "c. 1507\u20138", "creation_date_earliest": 1507, "creation_date_latest": 1508, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "metalpoint", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper prepared with a pink ground", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 12 x 15.3 cm (4 3/4 x 6 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.12, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.153, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower right, in brown ink: 74", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304283, "title": "Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 15-December 4, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1978</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304379, "title": "The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles", "description": "<i>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 6-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 186203, "title": "Raphael and His Age: Drawings from the Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Raphael and His Age: Drawings from the Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille [FRAME]</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 25-November 3, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-08-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 662775, "title": "Raphael: Sublime Poetry", "description": "<i>Raphael: Sublime Poetry</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 23-June 28, 2026) https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/raphael-sublime-poetry.", "opening_date": "2026-03-23T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Pietro Benvenuti, Florence, 1769-1844", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "around 1839", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Grand Duke of Tuscany (probably Leopold II, died 1870)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-around 1870", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "possibly by descent, to Emperor Charles I of Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "around 1922", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Stefan von Licht, Vienna, 1880-1932", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Edwin Czeczowiczka, Vienna and London, 1877-1971. His sale, Boerner and Graupe, Berlin 12 May 1930, lot 121", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "with Colnaghi, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "around 1930-?", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Robert von Hirsch, Basel, d. 1977. His sale, Sotheby's, London, 20 June 1978, lot 16.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sheet was probably once part of a sketchbook carried by the artist Raphael on a 1508 journey between Florence and Rome.", "description": "This drawing is from Raphael\u2019s \"pink sketchbook,\" comprised of ten sheets of roughly equal size that each portray variations of a mother and child. Today, six of the drawings at the Palais des Beaux-Arts, Lille; two are at the British Museum; one is in a private collection; and one is in Cleveland. The small format of the sheets would have enabled the artist to carry the notebook as he traveled from Florence to Rome in 1508. Raphael used metalpoint, a technique popular in 15th- and early 16th-century Italy on a pink prepared surface. The pose of the infant's head in the drawing was based on that of the Christ child in Leonardo da Vinci's <em>Benois Madonna</em>, then in a private collection in Florence, with changes\u2014such as the uplifted eyes and open mouth\u2014made by Raphael. The curving back of the female nude is echoed in the roundness of the child's head. The three sketches of a reclining infant at the bottom of the sheet are freely handled and improvisational, relaying the child's squirming, continuous movement with repeated contour lines.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79930525"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.37-studies-of-a-seated"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Passavant, Johann David. Rafael von Urbino und sein vater Giovanni Santi. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus, 1839.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 145, pp. 489-90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Passavant, Johann David, Jules Lunteschutz, and P. L. Jacob. Raphael d'Urbin et son pe\u0300re, Giovanni Santi. Paris: Vve J. Renouard, 1860.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 161, p. 428", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ruland, Carl. The Works of Raphael Santi Da Urbino. [London?]: [publisher not identified], 1876. .", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. xxvi, p. 7, 317; no. xxx", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fischel, Oskar, \"Letter to the Editor: Some Lost Drawings by or Near to Raphael,\" Burlington Magazine, vol. XX, No. 103-108 (October 1911-March 1912): pp. 294-300.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 295, fig. 6, p. 299", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Rundschau,\" Der Cicerone 22 (1930), 230 (repr.);", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fischel, Oskar. \"Raphael's Pink Sketch-Book.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs</em> 74, no. 433 (1939): 181-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 187, plate III, B", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/867679."}, {"citation": "Fischel, Oskar. Raphaels Zeichnungen. 1, 1. Berlin: Grote, 1913-1972. Vol 8 (1941)", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 354, pp. 366-67, illus", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fischel, Oskar, and Bernard Rackham. Raphael. London: K. Paul, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 129-30, 360, no. 138b (repr.)", "url": null}, {"citation": "British Museum, A. E. Popham, Philip Pouncey, and John A. Gere. Italian Drawings in the Department of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum. London: Published by the Trustees of the British Museum, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 20, under no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kurz, Otto. Fakes. New York: Dover Publications, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 100, fig. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby Parke Bernet, \"Art at Auction:The Year at Sotheby Parke Bernet 1977-1978.\"", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 45-46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Acquires Six Works from Von Hirsch Collection,\u201d August 1, 1978, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2569"}, {"citation": "---Art Investment Guide, vol 6, no. 2 (Autumn 1978)", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1978.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 1 (1979): 3-47.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 3, 45", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613."}, {"citation": "\"La Chronique des Arts, Principes Acquisitions des Musees en 1978,\" Gazette des Beaux Arts, xxciii (April 1979).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 27-29, fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., and Jane Glaubinger. The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles. Cleveland: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with the Indiana University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 285, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., \"Late Italian Renaissance drawings,\" Connoisseur vol 206, no. 830 (April, 1981): pp. 284-288.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 285, fig.7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gere, John A., and Nicholas Turner. Drawings by Raphael: From the Royal Library, the Ashmolean, the British Museum, Chatsworth, and Other English Collections. London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum by British Museum Publications, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 143, under no. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joannides, Paul, and Raphael. The Drawings of Raphael: With a Complete Catalogue. Oxford: Phaidon, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 273, pp. 21, 201, 204, 256", "url": null}, {"citation": "Raphael. Raphae\u0308l dans les collections franc\u0327aises: Galeries nationales du Grand Palais, Paris, 15 novembre 1983-13 fe\u0301vrier 1984. Paris: Ministe\u0300re de la culture, Editions de la Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 278-80, under nos. 96-97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knab, Eckhart, Raphael, Erwin Mitsch, and Konrad Oberhuber. Raphael: die Zeichnungen. Stuttgart: Urachhaus, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 417, pp. 120, 128, 595-96, illus", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Drawing, a Glossary of Materials: Selections from the Cleveland Museum of Art. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 11-12,, illus.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e du Louvre, Dominique Cordellier, and Bernadette Py. Raphae\u0308l, son atelier, ses copistes. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 183-84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Raphael. Raphael: The Pursuit of Perfection. Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 52, 54, 66, fig. 43.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 5, p. 9, pp. 28-29, pp. 283-284; Reproduced: p. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meyer zur Capellen, Ju\u0308rg, Raphael, and Stefan B. Polter. Raphael: A Critical Catalogue of His Paintings. Landshut: Arcos, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 95, fig. 51/1.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brink, Claudia, and Andreas Henning. Raffael: die Sixtinische Madonna ; Geschichte und Mythos eines Meisterwerks. Mu\u0308nchen: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 2, p. 61", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward. A Corpus of Drawings in Midwestern Collections: Sixteenth-Century Italian Drawings, vol. 2 (Turnhout, Belgium, Brepols Publishers, 2008).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 362, fig. 292", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 162-63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ka\u0301rpa\u0301ti, Zolta\u0301n, and Raphael. Raphael: Drawings in Budapest. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 100-01, fig. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Heather Lemonedes.  \u201cMise en Page.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 1 (Winter 2021): 19.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 19.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Singer, Juliette, Raphael, and Lille (France). Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts. Expe\u0301Rience Raphae\u0308L. Paris: RMN-Grand Palais, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 28-29, fig. 7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.37", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.37/1978.37_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "715", "filesize": "330122", "filename": "1978.37_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.37/1978.37_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2701", "filesize": "4825964", "filename": "1978.37_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.37/1978.37_full.tif", "width": "9913", "height": "7876", "filesize": "234252853", "filename": "1978.37_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.37/1978.37_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "715", "filesize": "348168"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.37/1978.37_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.37/1978.37_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2662", "filesize": "6647750"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.37/1978.37_alt8_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3914", "filesize": "58741492"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149377, "creators": [{"id": 4584, "description": "Raphael (Italian, 1483\u20131520)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Raffaello Sanzio (Urbino, April 6, 1483-Rome, April 6, 1520), commonly known as Raphael, was one of the most admired Italian painters and architects on the High Renaissance. He was trained in his native city Urbino, a center of art and culture during the rule of the Duke Federico da Montefeltro. Around 1495, Raphael moved to Perugia and joined the master Pietro Perugino's workshop. He later sojourned to Siena, and then resided in Florence by the autumn of 1504. There, Raphael studied the works by Renaissance masters such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Fra Bartolomeo, and Masaccio. Raphael is best known for his paintings of Madonnas (from 1504 through 1507), and the frescoes that Pope Julio II commissioned to him in the Vatican Palace in Rome in 1514. The same year architect Donato Bramante died, and the pope appointed Raphael chief architect. Raphael's style was based on clarity of forms and harmonious compositions; after his death, his works were highly admired by both Mannerist and Baroque artists.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1483", "death_year": "1520", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-08-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1507, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1507\u20138", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Studies of the Virgin and Child"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:41:25.963000"}, {"id": 135964, "accession_number": "1959.46", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "River and Mountains on a Clear Autumn Day (\u6c5f\u5c71\u79cb\u973d\u5716), c. 1624\u201327. Dong Qichang (Chinese, 1555\u20131636). Handscroll; ink on Korean paper; painting only: 38 x 136.8 cm (14 15/16 x 53 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1959.46", "current_location": null, "title": "River and Mountains on a Clear Autumn Day", "title_in_original_language": "\u6c5f\u5c71\u79cb\u973d\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1624\u201327", "creation_date_earliest": 1624, "creation_date_latest": 1627, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink on Korean paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 38 x 136.8 cm (14 15/16 x 53 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.38, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.368, "width_inch": 53, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "box": {"height": 0.07, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.076, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "length": 0.413, "length_inch": 16, "length_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "mounted": {"height": 0.386, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 6.269, "width_inch": 246, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u9ec3\u5b50\u4e45\u6c5f\u5c71\u79cb\u973d\u4f3c\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u6068\u53e4\u4eba\u4e0d\u898b\u6211\u4e5f\u3002\u601d\u7fc1", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription and signature at left: \nHuang Zijiu\u2019s [Huang Gongwang\u2019s] River and Mountains on a Clear Autumn Day looks like this. I truly regret that this ancient master has not seen my work. Siweng", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "\u8463\u6587\u654f\u6bcf\u9047\u9ad8\u9e97\u93e1\u9762\u7b8b\uff0c\u66f8\u756b\u5c24\u70ba\u5165\u795e\u3002\u6b64\u5377\u6539\u8868\u7d19\u7528\u4e4b\uff0c\u5b57\u8de1\u96b1\u7136\uff0c\u517c\u6709\u671d\u9bae\u4e4b\u5370\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u7b46\u6cd5\u5713\u79c0\uff0c\u771f\u63a5\u502a\u9ec3\u3002\u8c48\u6587\u6c88\u6240\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8a9e\u4e5f\u3002\n\n\u5eb7\u7199\u5e9a\u5348\u4e2d\u79cb\u5f8c\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u5929\u6c23\u6f84\u723d\uff0c\u91cd\u88dd\u521d\u7562\uff0c\u8dcb\u65bc\u74f6\u5eec\u3002\u62b1\u74ee\u7fc1\u9ad8\u58eb\u5947\u3002", "inscription_translation": "2 colophons and 10 seals of Gao Shiqi \u9ad8\u58eb\u5947 (1645\u20131704): \n\nFirst inscription by Gao Shiqi:\n\nEach time Dong Qichang encountered the mirror-smooth Korean paper, his calligraphy and painting became even more inspired. Here in this scroll he made use of a paper that formerly was meant for tributary presentation. One can still discern faint traces of written characters. In addition, there is on the paper [the imprint of] a Korean seal. As to his brushwork, which is rounded and elegant, it harks directly back to Ni [Zan] and Huang [Gongwang]. This is not what Shen [Zhou] and Wen [Zhengming] were ever able to attain and to be placed on the same footing.\n\nOn the day after the mid-autumn festival [the sixteenth day of the eighth lunar month], in the gengwu year of the Kangxi era [1690], the weather is clear.  The remounting has just been finished.  I inscribe the colophon at Pinglu. Bao weng weng Gao Shiqi.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "Second inscription by Gao Shiqi \u9ad8\u58eb\u5947 (1645\u20131704):\n\nOn the twenty-third day of the ninth month, the jiaxu year of the Kangxi era [1694], I packed my bags to head north.  When my boat passed Wuchang [Suzhou], Mr. Mantang [Song Luo] brought wine to bid me farewell so that we could share our thoughts on our separation in the last few years. I showed him the paintings and calligraphy which I collected and asked his opinions. Since Mr. Mantang does not own any handscrolls by Wenmin [Dong Qichang], I leave this one for him in commemoration of our parting; thus the painting will have a worthy owner and our meeting will become a beautiful story in the future. It is the fourth day after the beginning of winter, with the sky clear and sober. Trees under frost have turned red and yellow, seemingly echoing the brush and ink in the painting. I also ask Mr. Mantang to inscribe a poem to commemorate our meeting so that it will survive forever.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": "1 colophon and 4 seals of Song Luo \u5b8b\u7296 (1634\u20131713): \n\nWho is the foremost art connoisseur of our dynasty?/ \nTangcun [Liang Qingbiao, 1620\u20131691] is dead, so the title passes to Jiangcun [Gao Shiqi]./ \nLeaving office, you retired for five years in the Lake region./ \nFondling handscrolls and hanging scrolls from morning to evening./ \nYou sent me your collection catalogue Xiao Xia Lu last year;/ \nIt is indeed the true equal of [Zhou Mi's] Yun Yan Guo Yan./ \nThis year you returned to the capital by imperial order;/ \nYour boat with calligraphy and paintings anchored at the river bank in Suzhou./ \nWhen we met each other you did not waste any time for conversation by poured out immediately/ \nFrom your \"coral net\" extraordinary treasures./ \nYou produced incomparable scrolls, with gold-inscribed labels and jade rollers,/ \nPouring out from bags and trunks, they were spread in disarray./ \nWithout a word, I rolled and unrolled until my fingers were numbed,/ \nWe sat straight, facing each other quietly, and never felt tired./ \nFor three days we forgot about sleeping and food./ \nAnd at times we shouted our joy out loud, forgetting who is host or guest./ \nYour Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains and the Yuansheng manuscript/ \nThese peerless works I myself examined with delight./ \nAs an added pleasure to the farewell dinner under the Maple Bridge,/ \nYou allowed me to hold again this handscroll by Dong Qichang--/ \nThe Misty River and Piled Peaks [by Zhao Mengfu] and this Clear Autumn Day are two extraordinary masterpieces./ \nIn showing such life and spirit with \"qi yun.\" the artists were truly \"men of heaven.\"/ \nThe Clear Autumn Day is not even three feet long,/ \nPainted on tributary Korean paper, it shines like silver./ \nEvery building up and every turn of the mountains imitates nature,/ \nEvery tree and every rock is removed from the commonplace./ \nFrom the beginning, the theory of poetry is the theory of painting,/ \nLike the lotus and the morning sunshine, they complement and refresh each other./ \nThe artist's inscription regrets that \"the Old Masters cannot see my scroll.\"/ \nHuang Gongwang would have agreed in his grave./ \nThe vermilion of the seals glitter and dazzles the eyes,/ \nThese added accessories are as valuable as jade./ \nYou are very kind to give it to me,/ \nThe feelings expressed in your inscription are so sincere./ \nWanting to refuse, but unable, I accept it to respect your wish,/ \nAnd taking off my gown and cap I wrapped it with care./ \nYou asked me to write a long poem in commemoration of this beautiful occasion,/ \nI am too ashamed that my effort in response is so poor and inadequate./ \nReturning home, I unrolled it under candlelight, trying to write the colophon,/ \nThe light of the waning moon shines at the foot of the mossy wall./ \nEarnestly humming and brows knit in deep thought, I try to compose;/ \nThe verses are not outstanding, but the facts are real./ \nWith this poem recorded at the end of the scroll, I mail it to you for approval,/ \nThis poem and this painting shall outlast a thousand springs.\n\n(Translation by LYSL/HK/WKH)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"inscription": "1 colophon and 2 seals of Shao Changheng \u90b5\u9577\u8605 (1637\u20131704); \n2 inscriptions and 14 seals of the Qianlong \u4e7e\u9686 emperor (r. 1736\u201395); \n1 seal of the Jiaqing \u5609\u6176 emperor (r. 1796\u20131820); \n3 seals of the Xuantong \u5ba3\u7d71 emperor (r. 1908\u201311); \n1 seal unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"inscription": "[\u5370] \u671d\u9bae\u570b\u738b\u4e4b\u5370", "inscription_translation": "Seal of King Seonjo \uc120\uc870 [Yi Yeon, \uc774\uc5f0,  \u674e\u6616] (r. 1567\u20131608): \"Seal of the King of Joseon,\" and fragmentary text listing tributary gifts to the Ming Emperor Wanli, dated the nineteenth day, eighth month, in the first year of Wanli's reign period, i.e. 1573.", "inscription_remark": "Dong Qichang painted this landscape on Korean paper that had served as an official, tributary presentation by the Korean King Seonjo \uc120\uc870 (r. 1567\u20131608) to the Wanli Emperor in the first year of the latter\u2019s reign, 1573. Consequently, before its new use as a painting surface, an attempt was made to erase the text. A major portion is no longer legible since more than half may have become hidden under the painted passages. Still, the king of Korea's large square seal with a thick red border can be easily seen amid the later Qing imperial seals. Its oil base obviously made the erasure impossible. In addition, a portion of the text above the landscape can still be read. It lists the the tributary gifts that the Korean king presented to the Ming emperor including \u201ctwenty horses\u201d and \u201can assortment of luxury textiles and woven products.\u201d", "sortorder": 6}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 520794, "title": "Fifteen Chinese Paintings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Fifteen Chinese Paintings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (October 9-28, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-10-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 516263, "title": "Fantastics and Eccentrics in Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Fantastics and Eccentrics in Chinese Painting</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 23-May 28, 1967); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (June 20-August 13, 1967); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (September 15-November 5, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442391, "title": "The Compelling Image: Nature and Style in 17th Century Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>The Compelling Image: Nature and Style in 17th Century Chinese Painting</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (February 15-April 30, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 207246, "title": "The Artist as Collector:  Masterpieces of Chinese Painting from the C.C. Wang Family Collection", "description": "<i>The Artist as Collector:  Masterpieces of Chinese Painting from the C.C. Wang Family Collection</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 3, 1999-January 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-09-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207308, "title": "Landscapes Clear and Radiant: The Art of Wang Hui (1632-1717)", "description": "<i>Landscapes Clear and Radiant: The Art of Wang Hui (1632-1717)</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 9, 2008-January 4, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-09-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202572, "title": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>1000 Jahre</em>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, Germany (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Chinese Paintings</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Fifteen Chinese Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, Massachusetts (1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Fantastics and Eccentrics. </em>Asia House Gallery, New York, NY, (March 23-May 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-23T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Gao Shiqi \u9ad8\u58eb\u5947 [1645\u20131703]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Song Luo \u5b8b\u7296 [1634\u20131713]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Shao Changheng \u90b5\u9577\u8605 [1637\u20131704]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Qing imperial collection (seals of Emperors Qianlong, r. 1736\u20131795, Jiaqing, r. 1796\u20131820, and Xuantong, r. 1909\u20131911)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1736\u20131910", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(C. C. Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077 [1907\u20132003], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131959", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1959\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The painting has an imprint of a Korean seal that reads \"Seal of the king of Joseon.\"", "description": "Dong Qichang had a tremendous impact on the artistic practices and historiography of later generations; his works and writings shaped literati aesthetics. Here, Dong places an abstract landscape composition diagonally across the picture plane, configured to recall earlier masters and simultaneously express his own personal style. Dong\u2019s inscription claims, <em>Huang Gongwang\u2019s Autumn Day, looks like this. I truly regret the master has not seen my work</em>. In fact, Dong Qichang may have had Dong Yuan\u2019s <em>Xiao and Xiang Rivers</em> in mind, a work he owned and considered a key work in Chinese art history.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465243"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.46-river-and-mountains"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "cat. no. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n289"}, {"citation": "Cahill, James, and Virginia Field. <em>Fantastics and Eccentrics in Chinese Painting</em>. [New York]: Asia Society; distributed by Abrams, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n289"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [New York]: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 352", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n372"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 191, pp. 244\u2013246", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gardner, Helen, Richard G. Tansey and Fred S. Kleiner. <em>Gardner's Art Through the Ages</em>. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 513, fig. 15-28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fong, Wen, Chin-Sung Chang, and Maxwell K. Hearn. <em>Landscapes clear and radiant: the art of Wang Hui (1632-1717)</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 5, p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yang, Kathleen \u694a\u51f1\u7433, and Chi-ch\u02bbien Wang \u738b\u5b63\u9077. <em>Through a Chinese connoisseur's eye: private notes of C.C. Wang</em> \u738b\u5b63\u9077\u8b80\u66f8\u7b46\u8a18. Beijing: Zhong hua shu ju, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 311, no. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 308\u2013313", "url": null}, {"citation": "Powers, Martin J., and Katherine R. Tsiang, eds. <em>A Companion to Chinese Art.</em> Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190, fig. 8.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tanenbaum, Mary. <em>Fishing on the Terrace: A Collection of Writings,</em> edited by Heather Parks. [Redwood City, CA]: Stanford University Press, 2018", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 110-111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 265, no. 121", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Y\u016bya, Kawanishi. \"Old Documents of the Chos\u014fn Dynasty and Their Characteristics: With a Focus on Royal Documents.\" <em>Acta Asiatica: Bulletin of the Institute of Eastern Culture</em> 127 (2024): 63\u201380.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70; Reproduced: p. 76, fig.7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.46", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.46/1959.46_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "125", "filesize": "64039", "filename": "1959.46_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.46/1959.46_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "473", "filesize": "583291", "filename": "1959.46_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.46/1959.46_full.tif", "width": "35860", "height": "4992", "filesize": "716075732", 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Allen Fund, 1964.445", "current_location": null, "title": "Temperance", "creation_date": "1628\u201330", "creation_date_earliest": 1628, "creation_date_latest": 1630, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 17th century"], "technique": "black chalk heightened with white chalk, squared with black chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "4 sheets (joined) of light gray laid paper, laid down on cream(3) laid paper, perimeter mounted to a tertiary support of laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 59.2 x 43.7 cm (23 5/16 x 17 3/16 in.); Secondary Support: 61.2 x 45.7 cm (24 1/8 x 18 in.); Tertiary Support: 61.2 x 45.7 cm (24 1/8 x 18 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.592, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.437, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.612, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.457, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "tertiary support": {"height": 0.612, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.457, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso of secondary support, lower left, in graphite: I. 1081 [circled]; lower center, in graphite: ? [Pelio?] [Candio?]; lower center, in graphite: 204.; lower center, in graphite: From the coll of Lord Barrymore; verso of secondary and tertiary supports, lower right, in graphite: Carlone (Carlo) Scaria 1686-1776 / Design for a Sculpture / Black Crayon; verso of tertiary support, lower right, in graphite: [illegible]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361481, "title": "Bolognese Drawings in North American Collections, 1500-1800", "description": "<i>Bolognese Drawings in North American Collections, 1500-1800</i>. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (organizer).", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361482, "title": "Visions & Revisions", "description": "<i>Visions & Revisions</i>. Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI (October 18-November 24, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-10-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361441, "title": "Italian Drawings Selected From Mid-Western Collections", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings Selected From Mid-Western Collections</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (February 25-April 16, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-02-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304379, "title": "The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles", "description": "<i>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 6-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309864, "title": "Baroque Imagery", "description": "<i>Baroque Imagery</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 1984-January 6, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-11-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311462, "title": "Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650", "description": "<i>Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 20, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-08-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Lord Barrymore", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Prof. J. Isaacs. His sale, Sotheby\u2019s, London, 27 February, 1964, no. 24 (as 17th century Italian School)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "with Gemma Donati, London and Rome", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-1965", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Despite having carefully prepared the composition for his fresco of Temperance with this and other drawings, Domenichino left Rome before completing the painting. It was later finished by one of his pupils.", "description": "The gridded pattern superimposed over the figures in this scene indicates that this drawing was used a preparatory study for one of Domenichino\u2019s frescoes depicting the four cardinal virtues inside the dome of the Church of San Carlo ai Catinari in Rome. This technique\u2014called squaring\u2014was a common method used in seventeenth-century Italy to transfer a design from one surface to another. Domenichino prepared the design on three separate sheets of paper, all with irregular edges cut and pasted onto a larger sheet. At the top, the allegorical figure of Temperance, one of four cardinal virtues, reclines gracefully on a cloud. She holds a palm branch in her left hand and extends her right out toward a hovering <em>putto</em> in the upper left corner. The changes made to Temperance\u2019s right hand and the presence of two camel heads (only one appears in the finished fresco) reveal the artist\u2019s process for working out the poses and placements of the figures in his composition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80040606"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.445-temperance"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>52, no. 9 (November 1965): 124-157.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 155, n. 119", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152069"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Domenichino: Preparatory Drawing of <em>Temperance</em>.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>52, no. 10 (December 1965): 174-177.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 175-177; Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152075"}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard E. \"Some Domenichino Cartoons.\" <em>Master Drawings </em>5, no. 2 (Summer 1967): 144-158 + 209-217.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 158, n. 27", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1552872"}, {"citation": "Robertson, I.G. \"Report of the Keeper of the Department of Western Art.\" <em>Reports of the Visitors, Ashmolean Museum </em>(1967): 19-42.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ostrow, Stephen E. <em>Visions &amp; Revisions. </em>Providence: Rhode Island School of Design. 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 23-24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vitzthum, Walter. <em>Il barocco a Roma</em>. Milan: Fratelli Fabbri, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 82; Reproduced: n. VII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. <em>Giovanni Battista Armenini: </em>O<em>n the True Precepts of the Art of Painting</em>. New York: Burt Franklin, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 172; Reproduced: n. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M.<em> Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56; Reproduced: p. 55, n. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Macandrew, Hugh. <em>Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, Catalogue of the Collection of Drawings, Vol. III, Italian Schools: Supplement</em>. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., and Jane Glaubinger. <em>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles. </em>Cleveland: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with the Indiana University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 18, 49, 56, 71; Reproduced: p. 70, n. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Viatte, Fran\u00e7oise, and Catherine Monbeig-Goguel. D<em>essins baroques florentins du Mus\u00e9e du Louvre: LXXIVe exposition du Cabinet des dessins : Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 2 octobre 1981-18 janvier 1982.</em> Paris: Minist\u00e8re de la culture, Editions de la R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cazort, Mimi, and Catherine Johnston. <em>Bolognese Drawings in North American Collections, 1500-1800</em>. Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, National Museums of Canada, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 80-81; Reproduced: p. 202", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spear, Richard E. <em>Domenichino</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 275-277; Reproduced: vol. 2, n. 340", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schloder, John E. <em>Baroque Imagery</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 37-38; Reproduced: p. 37, n. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 24, 285; Reproduced: p. 55, n. 17", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.445", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.445/1964.445_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "893", "filesize": "458735", "filename": "1964.445_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.445/1964.445_print.jpg", "width": "1503", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2533756", "filename": "1964.445_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.445/1964.445_full.tif", "width": "1503", "height": "2048", "filesize": "9237892", "filename": "1964.445_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141207, "creators": [{"id": 11920, "description": "Domenichino (Italian, 1581\u20131641)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1581", "death_year": "1641", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1628, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1628\u201330", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:15:23.543000"}, {"id": 150718, "accession_number": "1982.142", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Squat Lekythos (Oil Vessel): Birth of Erichthonios, c. 420\u2013410 BCE. Attributed to Meidias Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 420\u2013400 BCE). Ceramic, with gilding; diameter: 18.6 cm (7 5/16 in.); diameter of mouth: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.); overall: 30.3 cm (11 15/16 in.); diameter of foot: 14.5 cm (5 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1982.142", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Red-Figure Squat Lekythos (Oil Vessel): Birth of Erichthonios", "creation_date": "c. 420\u2013410 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -425, "creation_date_latest": -405, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic, with gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 18.6 cm (7 5/16 in.); Diameter of mouth: 8.7 cm (3 7/16 in.); Overall: 30.3 cm (11 15/16 in.); Diameter of foot: 14.5 cm (5 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.186, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.087, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "overall": {"height": 0.303, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.145, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309644, "title": "The Year in Review for 1982", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1982</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-05T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Antikenmuseum, Basel (before 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1982-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A lead rivet sits at the junction of handle and neck, probably an ancient repair.", "description": "The central group on this vase shows the seated earth goddess Ge (also known as Gaia) handing her baby, Erichthonios, to Athena. Conceived from the seed of Hephaistos, Erichthonios would go on to become a king of Athens, and the story of his birth became popular in Athenian art of the fifth century BC. Other representations include Hephaistos as well as Kekrops, the mythical first king of Athens, sometimes together with Zeus and other deities. But this one includes only female onlookers\u2014likely the three daughters of Kekrops watching from above, with Aphrodite and several abstract personifications such as Peitho (Persuasion) and Eudaimonia (Happiness) standing and seated nearby.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762198"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1982.142-red-figure-squat-lek"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 10161", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/609A926D-9484-42F2-A376-50B0364CFAE8"}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae</em> (LIMC). Zu\u0308rich: Artemis, 1981.", "page_number": "pl. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1982.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 1 (1983): 3-55.", "page_number": "p. 5, no. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159799"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \"A Greek Nativity by the Meidias Painter.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 7 (1983).", "page_number": "274-89", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159823"}, {"citation": "Burn, Lucilla. <em>The Meidias Painter</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 99 (cat. M. 20), pl. 11, 12a-b.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neumann, Gu\u0308nter, and Gerhard Bauchhenss. <em>Matronen und verwandte Gottheiten: Ergebnisse eines Kolloquiums veranstaltet von der Go\u0308ttinger Akademiekommission fu\u0308r die Altertumskunde Mittel- und Nordeuropas</em>. Ko\u0308ln: Rheinland-Verlag, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 164, pl. 23.2", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae </em>1. 1. Zu\u0308rich: Artemis-Verl, 1988.", "page_number": "no. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arafat, K. W. <em>Classical Zeus: A Study in Art and Literature</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.", "page_number": "o. 188, no, 2-23 and 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n23"}, {"citation": "Shapiro, H. A. <em>Personifications in Greek Art: The Representation of Abstract Concepts, 600-400 B.C.</em> Zu\u0308rich: Akanthus, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 32, no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> (February 1995).", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1995-02/page/8"}, {"citation": "Boedeker, Deborah Dickmann, and Kurt A. Raaflaub. <em>Democracy, Empire, and the Arts in Fifth-Century Athens</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 144-47, fig. 16-17", "url": null}, {"citation": "International Union of Academies. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum. United States of America </em>Fasc. 35 United States of America Fasc. 35. Mu\u0308nchen: Beck, 2000.", "page_number": "pp. 35-37, pl. 72-74, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The Parthenon Frieze. </em>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 179, fig. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "no. 12, pp. 16-17, 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenzweig, Rachel. <em>Worshipping Aphrodite: Art and Cult in Classical Athens. </em>Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004.", "page_number": "fig. 37A-C", "url": null}, {"citation": "European Association of South Asian Archaeologists, and Claudine Bautze-Picron. <em>Religion and Art: New Issues in Indian Iconography and Iconology. </em>London: British Association for South Asian Studies, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 10, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Woodard, Roger D. <em>The Cambridge Companion to Greek Mythology. </em>2007.", "page_number": "fig. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Osborne, Robin. Debating the Athenian Cultural Revolution: <em>Art, Literature, Philosophy, and Politics, 430-380 BC.</em> Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 139, fig. 6.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dietrich, Nikolaus. <em>Figur ohne Raum? Ba\u0308ume und Felsen in der attischen Vasenmalerei des 6. und 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr.</em> Berlin: De Gruyter, 2010. .", "page_number": "pp. 292-3, fig. 234", "url": null}, {"citation": "Smith, Amy Claire. <em>Polis and Personification in Classical Athenian Art. </em>Leiden: Brill, 2011.", "page_number": "fig. 8.1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meyer, Marion. <em>Athena, Go\u0308ttin von Athen: Kult und Mythos auf der Akropolis bis in klassische Zeit. Wien: Phoibos Verlag, </em>2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 644, Abb. 371", "url": null}, {"citation": "Childs, William A. P. <em>Greek Art and Aesthetics in the Fourth Century B.C.</em> Princeton, New Jersey: Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University, in association with Princeton University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [446] plate 201", "url": null}, {"citation": "Be\u0301rard, Claude. <em>Embarquement pour l'image: une e\u0301cole du regard.</em> B\u00e2le: Publi\u00e9 par l\u2019Association des Amis de l\u2019Art Antique, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: plate 70, fig. 196", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.142", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_web.jpg", "width": "569", "height": "893", "filesize": "307339", "filename": "1982.142_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_print.jpg", "width": "2167", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4355647", "filename": "1982.142_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_full.tif", "width": "3886", "height": "6096", "filesize": "71088128", "filename": "1982.142_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "806", "filesize": "785868"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2171", "filesize": "4453227"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4104", "height": "2620", "filesize": "32278628"}, "date_created": "2009-12-08T23:53:52", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "570", "height": "893", "filesize": "306830"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2172", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4361788"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3894", "height": "6096", "filesize": "71234444"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:31:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "563", "height": "893", "filesize": "303157"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2145", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4234674"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3846", "height": "6096", "filesize": "70356620"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:31:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "560", "height": "893", "filesize": "305088"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2132", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4266265"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3822", "height": "6096", "filesize": "69917708"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:31:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "565", "height": "893", "filesize": "301630"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2150", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4162752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3854", "height": "6096", "filesize": "70502924"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:31:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "592", "height": "893", "filesize": "471838"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2254", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5530487"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4042", "height": "6096", "filesize": "73941068"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:32:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "592", "height": "893", "filesize": "503506"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2254", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5868574"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4042", "height": "6096", "filesize": "73941068"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:32:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt7_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "806", "filesize": "748527"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2171", "filesize": "4209657"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.142/1982.142_alt7_full.tif", "width": "4104", "height": "2620", "filesize": "32288916"}, "date_created": "2006-09-18T15:44:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. 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Princeton University Art Museum (organizer) (December 16, 1995-March 3, 1996); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (April 7-June 9, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-12-16T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946.  \"Art of the Americas.\" p.27, black and white repr.", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Princeton, NJ: The Art Museum of Princeton University; December 16, 1995-March 3, 1996. Houston, Texas: The Museum of Fine Arts Houston; April 7, 1996- June 9, 1996.  \"The Olmec World: Ritual and Rulership.\" cat. no. 14, pg 144, color repr. (fig.1 is view of the underside)", "opening_date": "1995-12-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Emery May Holden Norweb [1895-1984] and Raymond Henry Norweb [1894-1983], Cleveland OH, 1951, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1951", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "An observant traveler discovered the left knee and hand fragment, orginally missing and now reunited.", "description": "Outside of the Maya, Olmec sculptures of humans have a naturalism unknown in other Mesoamerican artistic traditions. On this finely carved figure, the musculature of the arms, torso, and legs is carefully depicted, and even the fingernails and toenails and are shown.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754280"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.179-kneeling-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Americas: Picture Book No. 2.</em> 1946.", "page_number": "p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Art and Archeology at The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Archeology </em>(Winter 1953).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"A Missing Fragment Recovered.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 44, no. 3 (1957)", "page_number": "pp. 46-8", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142196"}, {"citation": "\"Archeological News\" <em>Archeology </em>10 no. 2, (Summer 1957).", "page_number": "p. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 357", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n68"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n314"}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \"Les Chefs-d'Oeuvre de Premiere Importance du Second Musee des Etats-Unis.\"<em>Connaissance </em>no. 172 (Juin 1966).", "page_number": "pp. 55-62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph. \"Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d <em>Art In America</em> (May - June 1966).", "page_number": "p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n314"}, {"citation": "Spaeth, Eloise. <em>American Art Museums: An Introduction to Looking.</em> New York, Evanston: Harper et Row, 1976.", "page_number": "pp. 19-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 392", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n412"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Coe, Michael D. <em>The Olmec World: Ritual and Rulership</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Art Museum, Princeton University, 1996.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 14, p. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taube, Karl Andreas. <em>Olmec Art at Dumbarton Oaks. </em>Estados Unidos: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2004.", "page_number": "fig. 30, p. 61", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.179", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_web.jpg", "width": "894", "height": "893", "filesize": "438121", "filename": "1951.179_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3398", "filesize": "8097191", "filename": "1951.179_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_full.tif", "width": "3960", "height": "3958", "filesize": "47051624", "filename": "1951.179_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "926", "height": "893", "filesize": "457441"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3278", "filesize": "7831670"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4143", "height": "3995", "filesize": "49685000"}, "date_created": "2011-02-25T14:51:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "916", "height": "893", "filesize": "464474"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3314", "filesize": "8050229"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3872", "height": "3775", "filesize": "43881836"}, "date_created": "2011-02-25T15:03:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "962", "height": "893", "filesize": "453748"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3155", "filesize": "7159174"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4193", "height": "3891", "filesize": "48975652"}, "date_created": "2011-02-25T15:11:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "875", "height": "893", "filesize": "452243"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3330", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8512899"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3794", "height": "3873", "filesize": "44113948"}, "date_created": "2011-02-25T15:21:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "847", "height": "893", "filesize": "412550"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3226", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7626433"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3701", "height": "3900", "filesize": "43332628"}, "date_created": "2011-02-25T15:28:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "974", "height": "893", "filesize": "570158"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "1675", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1887413"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.179/1951.179_alt5_full.tif", "width": "1675", "height": "1536", "filesize": "7721652"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128187, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-06-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1200\u2013600 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Stone Seated Figure"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:37:07.671000"}, {"id": 167667, "accession_number": "2009.345", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Jackie Curtis and Ritta Redd, 1970. Alice Neel (American, 1900\u20131984). Oil on canvas; framed: 154.3 x 108.9 cm (60 3/4 x 42 7/8 in.); unframed: 152.4 x 106.4 cm (60 x 41 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2009.345. \u00a9 The Estate of Alice Neel", "current_location": "229A Contemporary", "title": "Jackie Curtis and Ritta Redd", "creation_date": "1970", "creation_date_earliest": 1970, "creation_date_latest": 1970, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 154.3 x 108.9 cm (60 3/4 x 42 7/8 in.); Unframed: 152.4 x 106.4 cm (60 x 41 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.543, "height_inch": 60, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.089, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "unframed": {"height": 1.524, "height_inch": 60, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.064, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 The Estate of Alice Neel", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 221190, "title": "Alice Neel: Painted Truths", "description": "<i>Alice Neel: Painted Truths</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (organizer) (March 21-June 13, 2010); Whitechapel Art Gallery, London (July 9-September 19, 2010); Moderna Museet, Malm\u00f6, Sweden (October 10, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-03-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 232872, "title": "Alice Neel - Painter of Modern Life", "description": "<i>Alice Neel - Painter of Modern Life</i>. Ateneum Art Museum/Finnish National Gallery, Helsinki, Finland (June 10-October 2, 2016); Gemeentemuseum, The Hague, The Netherlands (November 5, 2016-February 12, 2017); Fondation Vincent van Gogh-Arles, 13200 Arles, France (March 4-September 17, 2017); Deichtorhallen, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (October 13, 2017-January 14, 2018).", "opening_date": "2016-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 367859, "title": "Alice Neel: People Come First", "description": "<i>Alice Neel: People Come First</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 15-August 1, 2021); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum (March 12-July 10, 2022) https://deyoung.famsf.org/exhibitions/alice-neel.", "opening_date": "2021-03-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sotheby's, New York, 2009, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2009", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2009\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["17.2009"], "did_you_know": "Jackie Curtis, seen at right, was credited with pioneering the glam rock style of the 1970s.", "description": "Jackie Curtis (on the right), was a performer, writer, and singer, active in New York City\u2019s downtown counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s, and part of Andy Warhol\u2019s creative orbit. In this double portrait Alice Neel depicts Curtis, who was gender nonconforming, together with Ritta Redd, a friend with whom Curtis sometimes collaborated. Typical for Neel, the personalities of her sitters are evident in this painting. Notably, Curtis takes center stage in the image, leaning in front of and casting a shadow over Redd. Neel once commented that when \u201cportraits are good art they reflect the culture, the time and many other things.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480536"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Neel, Alice, and Jeremy Lewison. <em>Alice Neel: Painted Truths</em>. Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2010.", "page_number": "pp. 154-155, cat. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neel, Alice, and Jeremy Lewison. <em>Alice Neel: Painted Truths</em>. Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, 2010.", "page_number": "pp. 154-155, cat. 24", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/421948429"}, {"citation": "Mann, C. Griffith. \u201cAcquisitions 2009.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 50, no. 2 (March/April 2010): 12-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 11-12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-02/page/n11/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 117", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Culture Watch: Exhibitions.\" <em>Women in the Arts</em> 34, n. 3 (Fall 2016): 4-5.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Quinn, Bridget, and Lisa Congdon. <em>Broad Strokes: 15 Women Who Made Art and Made History (in That Order</em>). San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 110; mentioned pp. 111-112.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/951710657"}, {"citation": "Lewison, Jeremy, Bice Curiger, and Alice Neel. <em>Alice Neel: Painter of Modern Life.</em> Brussels : Mercatorfonds ; Helsinki : Ateneum Art Museum, Finnish National Gallery, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 178, cat. 52; reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/954037776"}, {"citation": "Neel, Alice, and Angela Lampe. Alice Neel: un regard engage\u0301. 2020, 87, 107.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 87; reproduced: p. 87, ill. 3 and p. 107.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neel, Alice, Angela Lampe, Jeremy Lewison, Larne Abse Gogarty, E. Lebovici, Nathalie Ernoult, and Alice Neel. Alice Neel: An Engaged Eye. Woodbridge, Suffolk, England : ACC Art Books, in agreement with E\u0301ditions du Centre Pompidou,  2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 106-107", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pigeat, Anae\u0308l. Alice Neel: Les Emotions (Gladwyne, 1900-New York, 1984). Paris : Flammarion, 2022, 85.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Alice Neel: People Come First.\" <em>American Art Review </em>34, no.1 (Spring 2022): 138-141, 144.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Betard, Daphne. \"Retrospective Centre Pompidou: La Comedie Humaine d'Alice Neel.\" <em>Beaux Arts Magazine </em>461 (November 2022): 110-117.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 116-117", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Als, Hilton, Alex Fialho, Evan Garza, and Wayne Koestenbaum. <em>At Home: Alice Neel in the Queer World. </em>New York: David Zwirner Books, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 57, 58-59", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Haus der Kunst Mu\u0308nchen, Haus der Kunst Mu\u0308nchen Ausstellungsleitung, and Whitney Museum of American Art. 1981. <em>Amerikanische Malerei 1930-1980: [Ausstellung], Haus Der Kunst, Mu\u0308nchen, 14. November 1981 Bis 31. Januar 1982</em>. Ausstellungsleitung Haus der Kunst Mu\u0308nchen: Prestel-Verlag, Mu\u0308nchen, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 158.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/8929908"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.345", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Toby's Gallery for Contemporary Art", "athena_id": 167667, "creators": [{"id": 30546, "description": "Alice Neel (American, 1900\u20131984)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1900", "death_year": "1984", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-11-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1970, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1970", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Jackie Curtis and Rita Red"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:40.499000"}, {"id": 127954, "accession_number": "1950.583", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Woman and Bird, 1944. Rufino Tamayo (Mexican, 1899\u20131991). Oil on canvas; framed: 123.2 x 102.9 x 6.2 cm (48 1/2 x 40 1/2 x 2 7/16 in.); unframed: 106.5 x 86 cm (41 15/16 x 33 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1950.583. \u00a9  Tamayo Heirs / Mexico / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "225 German Expressionism & Surrealism", "title": "Woman and Bird", "creation_date": "1944", "creation_date_earliest": 1944, "creation_date_latest": 1944, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Mexico, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 123.2 x 102.9 x 6.2 cm (48 1/2 x 40 1/2 x 2 7/16 in.); Unframed: 106.5 x 86 cm (41 15/16 x 33 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.232, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.029, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.062, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.065, "height_inch": 41, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.86, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Tamayo Heirs / Mexico / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"Tamayo / O . 44\"; [label on verso: \"Pajaro Azul (Blue Bird)\"]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 518440, "title": "Segunda Bienal Interamericana de Me\u0301xico", "description": "<i>Segunda Bienal Interamericana de Me\u0301xico</i>. Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico (September 5-December 1, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-09-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 517660, "title": "Rufino Tamayo", "description": "<i>Rufino Tamayo</i>. Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, AZ (organizer) (March 1-31, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-03-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301294, "title": "Works from the Contemporary Collection", "description": "<i>Works from the Contemporary Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 1-October 15, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-07-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444946, "title": "20th Century Mexican Painting", "description": "<i>20th Century Mexican Painting</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 3, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442524, "title": "Rufino Tamayo: Myth and Magic", "description": "<i>Rufino Tamayo: Myth and Magic</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (May 18-August 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-05-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA:  Works from the Contemporary Collection, July 1-mid-October, 1969", "opening_date": "1969-10-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "At the age of 17, while studying business management, Tamayo secretly studied drawing at night.", "description": "Rufino Tamayo was born in Oaxaca, Mexico. After the death of his parents, who were Zapotec\u2014Indigenous people of the Mexican state of Oaxaca\u2014he moved to Mexico City to live with an aunt. In his art, he portrayed modern Mexican subjects through a mixture of international avant-garde styles and visual references to his own culture. In Zapotec culture, birds are considered intelligent, even wise creatures. Here, a woman looks up at a caged bird, her hands raised as if in amazement. Tamayo conceived of life and art as a universal heartbeat: \u201cArt, like culture, is international. It\u2019s the result of many parts to which we add our own tone.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515788"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n224"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n224"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 247", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n267"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.583", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127954, "creators": [{"id": 3300, "description": "Rufino Tamayo (Mexican, 1899\u20131991)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1899", "death_year": "1991", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-12-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1944, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1944", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:48:59.043000"}, {"id": 128161, "accession_number": "1951.155", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ornament from Sitio Conte: Small Plaque, c. 400\u2013500. Panama, Conte style, 5th - 10th century. Hammered gold; overall: 9.3 x 10 cm (3 11/16 x 3 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1951.155", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Ornament from Sitio Conte: Small Plaque", "creation_date": "c. 400\u2013500", "creation_date_earliest": 400, "creation_date_latest": 500, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Panama, Conte style, 5th - 10th century"], "technique": "hammered gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 9.3 x 10 cm (3 11/16 x 3 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.093, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.1, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York,  NY: Museum of Modern Art; January 26-March 26, 1954.  \"Ancient Arts of the Andes,\" exh. cat. repr. in black and white, p. 158, fig. 184.", "opening_date": "1954-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23-April 3, 1966.  \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, NY: Americas Society Art Gallery; September 19 - December 15, 1991.  \"Faces of", "opening_date": "1991-09-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Eternity: Masks of the Pre-Columbian Americas\", cat. no. 31, listed p. 72, repr. in black and", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "white, p. 32.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., to John Wise Ltd. Galleries, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930s-1952", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Raymond Henry Norweb [1894-1983] and Emery May Holden Norweb [1895-1984], Cleveland OH, 1951, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930s-1951", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This disk was excavated from a burial containing three bodies.", "description": "Harvard archaeologists excavated this ornament from Grave 32 at Sitio Conte, a cemetery famous for its lavish graves of powerful chieftains. The warm gleam of gold linked rulers with the sun\u2019s creative force.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747968"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.155-ornament-from-sitio"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lothrop, S. K. \"Archaeology of Southern Veraguas, Panama\" <em>Memoirs of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University. </em>9:3 (1950)", "page_number": "p. 285, fig. 252", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bennett, Wendell C. <em>Ancient Arts of the Andes</em>. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1966.", "page_number": "p. 158, fig. 184", "url": null}, {"citation": "Couch, N. C. Christopher, Joanna Eckman, Daniel Jussim, and Jacquelyn Hamm Southern. <em>Faces of Eternity Masks of the Pre-Columbian Americas</em> [Anl\u00e4\u00dflich Der Ausstellung Vom 19. September - 15. Dezember, 1991 in Americas Society. Dalton: Studley Pr, 1991.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 31, p. 32", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.155", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.155/1951.155_web.jpg", "width": "1058", "height": "893", "filesize": "451123", "filename": "1951.155_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.155/1951.155_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2869", "filesize": "1790378", "filename": "1951.155_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.155/1951.155_full.tif", "width": "3951", "height": "3334", "filesize": "39559732", "filename": "1951.155_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.155/1951.155_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1091", "height": "893", "filesize": "423615"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.155/1951.155_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2783", "filesize": "4710217"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.155/1951.155_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4102", "height": "3358", "filesize": "41366520"}, "date_created": "2011-11-03T18:17:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.155/1951.155_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1102", "height": "893", "filesize": "649191"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.155/1951.155_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1895", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2014800"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.155/1951.155_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1895", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8735412"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128161, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-06-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 400\u2013500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mask Ornament"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:36:54.222000"}, {"id": 146977, "accession_number": "1972.367", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Detachable Figure (Dancer), 1915. Jacques Lipchitz (French, born in Lithuania, 1891\u20131973). Ebony and oak; overall: 98.1 cm (38 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Aye Simon, 1972.367", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Detachable Figure (Dancer)", "creation_date": "1915", "creation_date_earliest": 1915, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "ebony and oak", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Sculpture 1800-1960", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 98.1 cm (38 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.981, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.984, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.213, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.216, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443402, "title": "The Planar Dimension: Europe 1912 - 1931", "description": "<i>The Planar Dimension: Europe 1912 - 1931</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 9-May 6, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Aye Simon [1902-1992], New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1972", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Inspired by artists Picasso and Braque, Lipchitz adapted their innovations in painting to sculpture. His series of <em>Detachable Figures</em> were made with solid blocks of material to simulate the geometric shapes of his friends' paintings. Born in Lithuania, then part of Russia, Lipchitz belonged to a circle of prominent Jewish artists active in the School of Paris that included Amedeo Modigliani and Cha\u00efm Soutine.", "description": "Jacques Lipchitz began making Cubist sculptures in 1915 and created several jointed or \u201cdetachable\u201d wood sculptures that mimicked everyday objects and appeared as if they could be reassembled or interchanged. Although this sculpture might initially seem abstract, a face with an eye, an upraised arm, an elongated torso, and curvy, kicking legs are recognizable. Lipchitz was born into a Jewish family in Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire. At 18, he moved to Paris and established friendships with avant-garde artists such as Pablo Picasso and Amedeo Modigliani.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781273"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 243", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n263"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 115, no. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 296", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.367", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Aye Simon", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 146977, "creators": [{"id": 290200, "description": "Jacques Lipchitz (French, born in Lithuania, 1891\u20131973)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French sculptor, 1891-1973, active in the United States", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1891", "death_year": "1973", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-02-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1915, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:43.666000"}, {"id": 147516, "accession_number": "1973.27", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Untitled, c. 1958\u201359. John Chamberlain (American, 1927\u20132011). Painted and welded metal; overall: 82.4 x 67.3 x 61 cm (32 7/16 x 26 1/2 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1973.27. \u00a9  Fairweather & Fairweather LTD / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "227 Abstract Expressionism", "title": "Untitled", "creation_date": "c. 1958\u201359", "creation_date_earliest": 1953, "creation_date_latest": 1965, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "painted and welded metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 82.4 x 67.3 x 61 cm (32 7/16 x 26 1/2 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.824, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.673, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.61, "depth_inch": 24, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Fairweather & Fairweather LTD / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219047, "title": "CMA@MOCA (rotation 2)", "description": "<i>CMA@MOCA (rotation 2)</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 13, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282041, "title": "Albert Oehlen: Woods Near Oehle", "description": "<i>Albert Oehlen: Woods Near Oehle</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 4, 2016-March 12, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-12-04T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1974: \"Year in Review 1973,\" CMA Bulletin LXI (February, 1974), no. 141, p. 77, reproduced p. 57", "opening_date": "1974-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Contemporary Art (1/25/2007 - 5/13/2007):  \"CMA@MOCA\"", "opening_date": "2007-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cAlbert Oehlen: Woods near Oehle\u201d (12/4/2016-3/12/2017)", "opening_date": "2016-12-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Allan Stone Galleries, Inc.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Chamberlain once quipped, \u201cI think of my art materials not as junk, but as garbage.\u201d", "description": "Throughout his career, Chamberlain was fascinated by the radical notion that consumer waste could be reconstituted into art. Most often he made sculpture by variously bending, twisting, crushing, and welding pieces of discarded car parts. Through both their junkyard material and atypical methods of construction, these works upended traditional sculpture created from carved marble or cast bronze.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79926726"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cAn Important Sculpture by John Chamberlain.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 8 (October 1973): 242\u2013246.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 242-243, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152492"}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1973.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 2 (February 1974): 31\u201378.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 77, no. 141", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 251", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n271"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.27", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Frank H. and Nancy L. Porter Gallery", "athena_id": 147516, "creators": [{"id": 3858, "description": "John Chamberlain (American, 1927\u20132011)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1927", "death_year": "2011", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-12-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1953, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1958\u201359", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:46.584000"}, {"id": 153733, "accession_number": "1987.39", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Iconographical Sketch (Zuz\u014d) for the \"Benevolent Kings Sutra Mandala\" (\u4ec1\u738b\u7d4c\u66fc\u837c\u7f85\u56f3\u50cf), 1100s. Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185). Hanging scroll; ink on paper; image: 122.2 x 112.2 cm (48 1/8 x 44 3/16 in.); mounted: 203.4 x 130.7 cm (80 1/16 x 51 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1987.39", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "Iconographical Sketch (Zuz\u014d) for the \"Benevolent Kings Sutra Mandala\"", "title_in_original_language": "\u4ec1\u738b\u7d4c\u66fc\u837c\u7f85\u56f3\u50cf", "creation_date": "1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1199, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 122.2 x 112.2 cm (48 1/8 x 44 3/16 in.); Mounted: 203.4 x 130.7 cm (80 1/16 x 51 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.222, "height_inch": 48, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.122, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "mounted": {"height": 2.034, "height_inch": 80, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.307, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "mounted with knobs": {"height": 2.034, "height_inch": 80, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 1.363, "width_inch": 53, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310231, "title": "The Year in Review for 1987", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1987</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-April 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 295705, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 15, 2017-January 2, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Japanese Rotation (Gallery 119)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 29, 2003-March 15, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yanagi Fine Art Shop, Kyoto, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131987", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The deity at the center is Fud\u014d My\u014d\u014d, the Immovable One.", "description": "The <em>Benevolent Kings Sutra</em> has been a highly valued Buddhist scripture in Japan since the Nara period (710\u2013794), when it started to be recited in a ceremony to pray for the peace and protection of the country. In the 800s, the monk K\u016bkai brought back from China a new translation of the text as well as Buddhist iconographic sketches to perform the rituals based on the sutra. Five scroll sets of copies of the original sketches brought by K\u016bkai are preserved in Daigoji and T\u014dji temples in Kyoto. This sketch, which has figural depictions of deities on the front and deities symbolized by objects on the back, differs in some ways from each of those sets, and represents an alternate approach to creating a mandala based on the <em>Benevolent Kings Sutra</em>.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475992"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1987.39-iconographical-sketc"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1987.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 2 (1988): 30\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 205, pp. 32 and 71; Reproduced: no. 205, p. 48", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160017"}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82, cat. no. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>[\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55: \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e= Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 4, p. 31.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.39", "images": {"annotation": "Painting", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_web.jpg", "width": "766", "height": "900", "filesize": "274455", "filename": "1987.39_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_print.jpg", "width": "2895", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3711164", "filename": "1987.39_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_full.tif", "width": "7537", "height": "8853", "filesize": "200205058", "filename": "1987.39_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "498", "filesize": "78450"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1880", "filesize": "854265"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11803", "height": "6526", "filesize": "231105450"}, "date_created": "2025-10-06T15:23:08", "annotation": "Box"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "603", "height": "900", "filesize": "179837"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2279", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2737450"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9408", "height": "14036", "filesize": "396185838"}, "date_created": "2025-09-29T16:26:50", "annotation": "Overall"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "804", "height": "893", "filesize": "170885"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3061", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2205712"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6663", "filesize": "119956052"}, "date_created": "2013-06-04T18:20:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "593", "height": "893", "filesize": "109448"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2258", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1744455"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5214", "height": "7850", "filesize": "122811580"}, "date_created": "2013-06-04T18:05:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "807", "height": "893", "filesize": "608710"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1388", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1855996"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1987.39/1987.39_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1388", "height": "1536", "filesize": "6398548"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153733, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-06-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1100s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Iconographical Sketch (Zuzo)", "Iconographical Sketch (Zuz\u014d) for the Benevolent Kings Sutra Mandala"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:56:50.250000"}, {"id": 128808, "accession_number": "1951.430", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sheet of Studies and Sketches, 1858. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Graphite, pen and dark brown ink, and watercolor on thick ivory wove paper; sheet: 30.4 x 23.5 cm (11 15/16 x 9 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1951.430", "current_location": null, "title": "Sheet of Studies and Sketches", "creation_date": "1858", "creation_date_earliest": 1858, "creation_date_latest": 1858, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "graphite, pen and dark brown ink, and watercolor on thick ivory wove paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "ivory wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 30.4 x 23.5 cm (11 15/16 x 9 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.304, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.235, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed, lower left, in graphite: Flor. 1857; stamped, lower left, in red ink: artist\u2019s stamp [Lugt 658]; verso, in red ink: estate stamp [Lugt 657]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "<i>Aspects of Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361386, "title": "19th and 20th Century Drawings", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 19-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361395, "title": "Ingres & Delacroix through Degas & Puvis de Chavannes: The Figure in French Art, 1800\u20131870", "description": "<i>Ingres & Delacroix through Degas & Puvis de Chavannes: The Figure in French Art, 1800\u20131870</i>. Shepherd Gallery, New York, NY (organizer) (May 20-June 28, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-05-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309654, "title": "The Lessons of the Academy", "description": "<i>The Lessons of the Academy</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-May 29, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-02-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338947, "title": "The Private Degas", "description": "<i>The Private Degas</i>. Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 20-February 28, 1987); Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge CB2 1RB (March 17-May 3, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-01-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311433, "title": "Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 295862, "title": "Degas: A Passion for Perfection", "description": "<i>Degas: A Passion for Perfection</i>. Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (organizer) (February 11-May 20, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Studio of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1858 - 1917", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Estate of Edgar Degas [1834-1917], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Lugt 658, lower left, in red ink; Lugt 657, verso, upper center, in red ink.</div>"], "date": "1917-1919", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(his fourth sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, July 2-4, 1919, no. 74b, sold to Nun\u00e8s)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As \"T\u00eate de femme. -- T\u00eate d'homme. -- Lutteurs. -- Cavalier,\" for 2,000 F.</div>"], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Galerie Nun\u00e8s et Fiquet, Paris)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1919-by 1931", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Victor D. Spark, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1950-1951", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The date Degas wrote on this drawing is incorrect; he didn't visit Florence until 1858, and must have inscribed the sheet years later.", "description": "Degas traveled to Florence, Italy, in July 1858, where he made this sheet of studies. The featured imagery is fragmented and dissociated, suggesting the young artist's engagement with art of the past. The refined female head drawn at center in graphite was copied from a drawing then attributed to Leonardo da Vinci in the Uffizi Gallery's collection. Other sketches record Degas's responses to Florentine sculpture. At upper right, he sketched an informal portrait of his cousin Giulia Bellelli, probably from life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781314"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.430-sheet-of-studies-and"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue des tableaux, pastels et dessins par Edgar Degas et provenant de son atelier</em>. Paris: Galerie Georges Petit, 1919.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 70, no. 74b", "url": null}, {"citation": "George, Waldemar. \"The Youth of Degas.\" <em>Formes</em> 15 (May 1931).", "page_number": "Reproduced: after p. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graber, Hans. <em>Edgar Degas: Nach eigenen und fremden Zeugnissen</em>. Basel: Benno Schwabe, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 246, Reproduced: opp. p. 20.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henry S. Francis. \"Drawings by Degas.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 44, no. 10 (December 1957): 212-217", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 213; Reproduced: p. 210", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142248"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 601", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n112"}, {"citation": "Vitali, Lamberto. \u201cThree Italian Friends of Degas.\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 105, no. 723 (June 1963): 266-73.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 266 n. 4, 269 n. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Reymert, Martin L. H. and Gary Koehler. <em>Ingres &amp; Delacroix through Degas &amp; Puvis de Chavannes: The Figure in French Art, 1800\u20131870</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Shepherd Gallery, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cover, pp. 317-18, no. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Russoli, Franco. <em>L\u2019Opera completa di Degas</em>. Milan: Rizzoli, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 86-87, no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>The Private Degas</em>. Exh. cat. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 15-17, 51, 138, no. 10; Reproduced: plate 65.", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster.<em> Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8, pp. 132-33, p. 290; Reproduced: p. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Reff, Theodore. <em>The Letters of Edgar Degas</em>. New York: Wildenstein Plattner, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 114 n. 3.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cNineteenth-Century French Drawings: The widely recognized collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 62, no. 4 (December 2022): Cover, 18-19.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 18.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2022-04/page/18/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Degas and the Laundress: Women, Work, and Impressionism</em> Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 2, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mayhew, Timothy David. \"Traditional 19th-Century French Graphite Drawing Materials and Techniques.\" In <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>43-51. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 48-49, fig. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 98-99, no. 10", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.430", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "900", "filesize": "319743", "filename": "1951.430_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_print.jpg", "width": "2645", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4331336", "filename": "1951.430_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_full.tif", "width": "9368", "height": "12042", "filesize": "338455098", "filename": "1951.430_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "700", "height": "900", "filesize": "273024"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2645", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4064020"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9368", "height": "12041", "filesize": "338424726"}, "date_created": "2021-07-07T10:36:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "900", "filesize": "276310"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2698", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2273944"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3760", "height": "4739", "filesize": "53492928"}, "date_created": "2021-07-01T19:14:15.022000", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "693", "height": "893", "filesize": "505658"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2640", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8038217"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6429", "filesize": "96309500"}, "date_created": "2010-11-05T14:57:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "893", "filesize": "480459"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2643", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6986188"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.430/1951.430_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4275", "height": "5500", "filesize": "70570264"}, "date_created": "2007-08-27T14:54:56", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128808, "creators": [{"id": 1759, "description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1834", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-11-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1858, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1858", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Sheet of Sketches"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:39:08.538000"}, {"id": 130528, "accession_number": "1953.268", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Diego Martelli, 1879. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Charcoal and white chalk; sheet: 44 x 31.3 cm (17 5/16 x 12 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1953.268", "current_location": null, "title": "Diego Martelli", "creation_date": "1879", "creation_date_earliest": 1879, "creation_date_latest": 1879, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "charcoal and white chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "brown wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 44 x 31.3 cm (17 5/16 x 12 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.44, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.313, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "stamped in red, at lower left: Degas estate stamp (Lugt 658)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "<i>Aspects of Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 516000, "title": "Drawings by Edgar Degas", "description": "<i>Drawings by Edgar Degas</i>. Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (organizer) (January 20-February 26, 1967); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (March 10-April 30, 1967); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (May 16-June 25, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-01-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 442453, "title": "Degas 1879", "description": "<i>Degas 1879</i>. National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 30, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309571, "title": "The Impressionist Aesthetic", "description": "<i>The Impressionist Aesthetic</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 10-October 31, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-08-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311433, "title": "Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 224301, "title": "Edgar Degas and the Italians in Paris", "description": "<i>Edgar Degas and the Italians in Paris</i>. Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, Scotland (December 12, 2003-February 29, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-09-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Edgar Degas: Pastelle, Olskizzen, Zeichnungen. </em>Kunsthalle Tubingen (January 14 - March 18, 1984); Nationalgalerie, Berlin (April 4 - May 20, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-01-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Degas 1879</em>. National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh (August 13 - September 30, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-08-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Drawings by Degas</em>. City Art Museum, St. Louis (January 20 - February 26, 1967); Philadelphia Museum of Art (March 10 - April 30, 1967); Minneapolis Institute of Arts (May 16 - June 25, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-01-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Estate of Edgar Degas [1834-1917], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Lugt 658, lower left, in red ink</div>"], "date": "1879-1919", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Georges Petit, third Degas sale, Paris, April 8-9, 1919, no. 160.1, probably sold to Georges Viau)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1919", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Georges Viau [1855-1939], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to label formerly on back of frame; no. 21, titled \"Portrait de graveur Diego Martelli \u00e9tude pour le tableau\"</div>"], "date": "probably 1919-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mme. Demotte, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "B. Natanson, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to label formerly on back of frame.</div>"], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Victor D. Spark, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1950-1953", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ghostly white tone of Diego Martelli's face was likely pink or peach when Degas made the work, and has gradually faded over time.", "description": "This sheet is one of many studies that Degas made in 1879 of his friend and supporter, the Italian art critic and patron Diego Martelli (1839-1896). Martelli was one of the most important champions of progressive modern art in Italy, and his writings on the 1879 Impressionist show became famous, playing a crucial role in publicizing the movement. This sheet relates to two painted portraits of the critic, one in the National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh, and the other in the National Museum of Fine Arts, Buenos Aires.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79912372"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.268-diego-martelli"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue des tableaux, pastels, et dessins par Edgar Degas et provenant de son atelier...3e vente...</em> Paris: Georges Petit, 1919.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1953.\" <em>Art Quarterly</em> 16, no. 4 (Winter 1953): 346-365.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 353", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Drawings by Degas.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 44, no. 10 (December 1957): 212-217.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 216; Reproduced: cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142248"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 602", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n112"}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland. <em>Portraits by Degas</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n196"}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland. <em>Drawings by Degas</em>. Exh. Cat. St. Louis: City Art Museum of Saint Louis, 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 142, no. 89; Reproduced: p. 141", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n196"}, {"citation": "<em>Degas' Drawings</em>. New York: Dover, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. viii, no. 76; Reproduced: pl. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 213", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n233"}, {"citation": "Pickvance, Ronald. <em>Degas 1879</em>. Exh. Cat. Edinburgh: National Gallery of Scotland, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 54, no. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 59-60; Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adriani, G\u00f6tz. <em>Edgar Degas: Pastelle, Olskizzen, Zeichnungen</em>. Exh. Cat. Tubingen: Kunsthalle, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 372-3, no. 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. <em>Edgar Degas: Life and Work</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 10, 290; Reproduced: p. 286, pl. 276", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland, et al. <em>Degas</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 312", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weingrod, Carmi. \"The Essence of Charcoal.\" <em>American Artist</em> 57, no. 616 (November 1993): 10-16.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stratis, Harriet K. \"Unintended Outcomes: Recognizing Change in 19th-Century French Drawings.\" In <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>11-23. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 60-61, fig. 40", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.268", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.268/1953.268_web.jpg", "width": "641", "height": "893", "filesize": "88539", "filename": "1953.268_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.268/1953.268_print.jpg", "width": "2440", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1505404", "filename": "1953.268_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.268/1953.268_full.tif", "width": "4399", "height": "6129", "filesize": "80910072", "filename": "1953.268_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.268/1953.268_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "640", "height": "893", "filesize": "92838"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.268/1953.268_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2437", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1881311"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.268/1953.268_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3935", "height": "5489", "filesize": "64822332"}, "date_created": "2013-01-04T21:22:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130528, "creators": [{"id": 1759, "description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1834", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-07-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1879, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1879", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:44:59.364000"}, {"id": 144216, "accession_number": "1968.66", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Madonna Nursing the Christ Child, c. 1670\u201372. Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo (Spanish, 1617\u20131682). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over red and black chalk, with traces of white; framing lines in pen and brown ink; sheet: 21.4 x 15.4 cm (8 7/16 x 6 1/16 in.); secondary support: 24.1 x 18.5 cm (9 1/2 x 7 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Prasse Collection, 1968.66", "current_location": null, "title": "Madonna Nursing the Christ Child", "creation_date": "c. 1670\u201372", "creation_date_earliest": 1665, "creation_date_latest": 1677, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash over red and black chalk, with traces of white; framing lines in pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Spanish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 21.4 x 15.4 cm (8 7/16 x 6 1/16 in.); Secondary Support: 24.1 x 18.5 cm (9 1/2 x 7 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.214, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.154, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.241, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.185, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "in brown ink, upper right: Morillo", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361514, "title": "Spanish Baroque Drawings in North American Collections", "description": "<i>Spanish Baroque Drawings in North American Collections</i>. Spencer Museum of Art, Lawrence, KS (organizer) (October 19-December 1, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361406, "title": "Old Master Drawings from American Collections", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from American Collections</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (April 29-June 13, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361513, "title": "Murillo and His Drawings", "description": "<i>Murillo and His Drawings</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (December 12, 1976-January 30, 1977).", "opening_date": "1976-12-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361512, "title": "Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo, 1617-1682", "description": "<i>Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo, 1617-1682</i>. Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (October 8-December 12, 1982); Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 15-March 27, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-10-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442195, "title": "Murillo", "description": "<i>Murillo</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (January 15-March 27, 1983); Museo del Prado, Madrid, Spain (October 8-December 12, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309881, "title": "Leona E. Prasse, Connoisseur and Curator", "description": "<i>Leona E. Prasse, Connoisseur and Curator</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 28-August 25, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-05-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311461, "title": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "<i>Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "with Jacques de Mons, Paris (?)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "with Frederick Mont, Inc., New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Charles and Leona Prasse, Cleveland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1968", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The inscription <em>Morillo</em> on this drawing is not the artist's signature but rather a notation likely made by a 17th-century owner of the drawing.", "description": "One of the finest of the rare drawings by Murillo, this sheet is a study for <em>Virgin and Child</em>, commissioned for the family chapel of the Marques de Santiago in Madrid and now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Prized today for their dynamism, Murillo\u2019s drawings served the practical purpose of working out the positions of the figures. Here, the artist suggested the tender bond between mother and child with the poignant connection of their gazes. His animated line and zigzag hatching create the feeling of incessant motion while the addition of ink wash creates deep shadows across the forms.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757753"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.66-madonna-nursing-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Brown, Jonathan. Murillo &amp; His Drawings. Princeton, N.J.: Art Museum, Princeton University, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 31, 162, 164, cat. 79, p. 165-66, p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April-June, 1968,\" Art Quarterly XXXI (Winter 1968).", "page_number": "pp. 446, 449", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \u201cBartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo: A Drawing Study for a Virgin and Child.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 7 (September 1968): 235\u2013238.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 235-236, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152224"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 130", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n154"}, {"citation": "McKim-Smith, Gridley. Spanish Baroque Drawings in North American Collections: [Exhibition] October 19-November 24, 1974. [Lawrence?]: University of Kansas Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "cat. 26, p. 49-50; reproduced on cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Angulo In\u0303iguez, Diego, \"Algunos dibujos de Murillo,\" Instituto Diego Vel\u00e1zquez Archivo Espa\u00f1ol de Arte XLVII: 186 (Apr-Jun 1974): pp. 97-108.", "page_number": "p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Feinblatt, Ebria. Old Master Drawings from American Collections: Exhibition, April 29-June 13, 1976, Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 207, cat. 226, p. 212", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n170"}, {"citation": "Nun\u0303o, Juan Antonio. L'opera completa di Murillo. Milano: Rizzoli, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 105, under cat. 217", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "p. 45, 47-48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Angulo In\u0303iguez, Diego. Murillo. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1981, Vol. II.", "page_number": "II, p. 160 under cat. 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Prado, and Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). Bartolome\u0301 Esteban Murillo, 1617-1682. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 61; cat. D19, p. 217", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \"A Tribute to Leona Prasse,<em>\" Drawing</em> VII:1 (May-June 1985): 8-9.", "page_number": "pp. 8-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marqu\u00e9s, Manuela Mena in Turner, J. S. The Dictionary of Art. New York: Grove, 1996: Vol. 22.", "page_number": "p. 347", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Jonathan. Painting in Spain: 1500-1700. 1998.", "page_number": "p. 231", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9, pp. 82-83, p. 287; Reproduced: p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stratton-Pruitt, Suzanne L. Bartolome\u0301 Esteban Murillo (1617-1682): Paintings from American Collections. New York: H.N. Abrams, in association with the Kimbell Art Museum, 2002.", "page_number": "p. 164, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ressort, Claudie, \"Murillo dessiateur. Un style \u00e9l\u00e9gant et libre,\" <em>Dossier de l'art</em> 115 (2005): pp. 56-64.", "page_number": "p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Jonathan. Murillo: Virtuoso Draftsman. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "cat. 75, pp. 194-195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Jonathan, \"Circle of Love,\" <em>ARTnews</em> 111:10 (Nov. 2012): pp. 90-91.", "page_number": "pp. 90-91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marques, Manuela Mena. <em>Bartolome\u0301 Esteban Murillo (1617-1682): dibujos : cata\u0301logo razonado.</em> Santander: Fundaci\u00f3n Bot\u00edn, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 180, 394-397, 416; Reproduced: p. 59, 395", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pareja Lo\u0301pez, Enrique. <em>Murillo Fecit</em>. Sevilla: Ediciones Tartessos, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 379, 389", "url": null}, {"citation": "Navarrete Prieto, Benito. <em>Murillo y las meta\u0301foras de la imagen</em>. Madrid: Ediciones Catedra, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 141; Reproduced: p. 141, no. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Navarrete Prieto, Benito, Bartolome\u0301 Esteban Murillo, Benito Navarrete Prieto, Jenny Dodman, and Ve\u0301ronique Gerard Powell. Murillo: Persuasion and Aura. 2021, 125.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 121; Reproduced: p. 125, fig. 58.", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Brown 2012.75", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.66", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.66/1968.66_web.jpg", "width": "648", "height": "893", "filesize": "536722", "filename": "1968.66_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.66/1968.66_print.jpg", "width": "2468", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7941654", "filename": "1968.66_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.66/1968.66_full.tif", "width": "4356", "height": "5999", "filesize": "78429044", "filename": "1968.66_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.66/1968.66_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "893", "filesize": "497761"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.66/1968.66_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2500", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6973164"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.66/1968.66_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3015", "height": "4100", "filesize": "37105460"}, "date_created": "2009-02-18T18:48:16", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Prasse Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144216, "creators": [{"id": 2400, "description": "Bartolom\u00e9 Esteban Murillo (Spanish, 1617\u20131682)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1617", "death_year": "1682", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1665, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1670\u201372", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Virgin and Child"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:24:10.666000"}, {"id": 93015, "accession_number": "1923.1339", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Park-Winter, 1923. Leon Kroll (American, 1884\u20131974). Oil on canvas; unframed: 91.5 x 122 cm (36 x 48 1/16 in.); framed: 109.2 x 139.7 x 7.6 cm (43 x 55 x 3 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1923.1339", "current_location": null, "title": "The Park-Winter", "creation_date": "1923", "creation_date_earliest": 1923, "creation_date_latest": 1923, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 91.5 x 122 cm (36 x 48 1/16 in.); Framed: 109.2 x 139.7 x 7.6 cm (43 x 55 x 3 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.915, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.22, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "framed": {"height": 1.092, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.397, "width_inch": 55, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  Leon Kroll 1923", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518114, "title": "Exhibition of History and Art of the Olympic Games", "description": "<i>Exhibition of History and Art of the Olympic Games</i>. Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Lomas de Santa Fe, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, Mexico (September 12-November 30, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-09-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443392, "title": "Art of the Twenties: American Painting at the Crossroads", "description": "<i>Art of the Twenties: American Painting at the Crossroads</i>. Flint Institute of Arts, Flint, MI (organizer) (November 16, 1978-January 21, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-11-16T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, National Academy of the Arts, Spring Exhibition (1923), see References: The Arts for review; cat. no. 2.", "opening_date": "1923-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Third Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting (7 June-8 July 1923), see The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art (June, 1923), illus. inside cover, pp. 103-113.", "opening_date": "1923-06-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Pittsburgh, Department of Fine Arts, Carnegie Institute, Leon Kroll Exhibition of Paintings (25 April-2 June 1935), cat. no. 19, not illus.", "opening_date": "1935-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Worcester, MA, Worcester Art Museum, Leon Kroll (1-19 December 1937), cat. no. 8.", "opening_date": "1937-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, An Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today at The Cleveland Museum of Art (23 June-4 October 1937), cat. no. 115, listed p. 30.", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Jeu de Paume, Trois Siecles d'Art aux Etats-Unis (May-July 1938), cat. no. 106, p. 42, not illus.", "opening_date": "1938-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Whitney Museum of American Art, The is Our City: An Exhibition of Paintings, Watercolors, Drawings, &amp; Prints (11 March-13 April, 1941), cat. no. 43, not illus.", "opening_date": "1941-03-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Century Club, Life in New York City (1954)", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, Sport in Art: From American Collections Assembled for an Olympic Year (15 November-15 December, 1955); traveled to Washington, D. C., Corcoran Gallery of Art, (5-30 January, 1956); to Louisville, J. B. Speed Art Museum, (14 February-10 March, 1956); to Dallas, Dallas Museum of Fine Arts (25 March-20 April, 1956); to Denver, Denver Art Museum (5-30 May, 1956); San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor, (28 July-26 August 1956); intended for Melbourne, Australia, Olympic Games, but this stop was cancelled; cat. no. 66, not illus.", "opening_date": "1955-11-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Davenport, Iowa, Davenport Municipal Art Gallery, Sports and Recreation Panorama (4 April-4 May 1959), cat. no. 53, illus. p. 6, listed p. 8.", "opening_date": "1959-04-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The National Museum of Sport Inc., Premiere Exhibition (Mid-February-Mid-April, 1968)", "opening_date": "1968-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mexico City, XIX Olympiad, Exhibition of History and Art of the Olympic Games (12 September-30 November 1968)", "opening_date": "1968-09-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Flint, MI, Flint Institute of Arts, Art of the Twenties: American Painting at the Crossroads (16 November 1978-21 January 1979), cat. no. 25, illus. p. 37.", "opening_date": "1978-11-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Leon Kroll, 1923", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1313.1923", "1339.1923"], "did_you_know": "A fellow artist described Leon Kroll as having \"the eye of a hawk and the heart of a dove.\"", "description": "During the 1920s, Kroll earned a great deal of success painting scenes of everyday urban life. In this example, he depicted ice skaters on a pond in snow-covered Central Park, with a looming skyline of Manhattan apartment buildings in the background.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107389700"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30, no. 115", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Comment.\" <em>The Arts.</em> 3:4 (April, 1923). pp. 290-293.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 293", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Third Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting.\"<em> The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 10:6 (June 1923). pp. 102-107, 109-112, 119.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102; Mentioned:pp. 103-104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Karr, Benjamin. \"Noted Kroll Painting Acquired by Museum.\" <em>The Cleveland Leader,</em> 15 July 1923.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"'The Park-Winter,' by Leon Kroll.\" <em>Christian Science Monitor, </em>21 July 1923.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Park-Winter by Leon Kroll.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>10:8 (October, 1923). pp. 141-143.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 141-143", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"In Holiday Show of Pictures.\" <em>The</em> <em>Plain Dealer </em>(Cleveland, OH)<em>,</em> November, 24 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kroll, Leon. <em>Leon Kroll</em>. New York: American Artists Group, 1946.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saarinen, Aline B. \"Art Storm Breaks on Dallas: Group Protests Showing of Work by Artists Called 'Left.'\" <em>The New York Times</em>, February 12, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. X 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grosser, Maurice. <em>Critic's Eye</em>. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carraro, Francine. \"Seeing Red: the Dallas Museum in the McCarthy Era.\" <em>Suspended License: Censorship and the Visual Arts,</em> ed. Elizabeth C. Childs. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997. pp. 235-258.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 252", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1923.1339", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1339/1923.1339_web.jpg", "width": "1190", "height": "893", "filesize": "780153", "filename": "1923.1339_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1339/1923.1339_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2551", "filesize": "5340868", "filename": "1923.1339_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1339/1923.1339_full.tif", "width": "4286", "height": "3216", "filesize": "41358460", "filename": "1923.1339_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1339/1923.1339_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1207", "height": "893", "filesize": "777033"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1339/1923.1339_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2516", "filesize": "5478804"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1339/1923.1339_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3700", "filesize": "55529780"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 93015, "creators": [{"id": 14223, "description": "Leon Kroll (American, 1884\u20131974)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1884", "death_year": "1974", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1923-06-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1923, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1923", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:58:57.904000"}, {"id": 122253, "accession_number": "1942.562", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vishnu, 650\u201399. Cambodia. Gray sandstone; overall: 87 cm (34 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1942.562", "current_location": "243 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Vishnu", "creation_date": "650\u201399", "creation_date_earliest": 650, "creation_date_latest": 699, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Cambodia"], "technique": "gray sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Cambodian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 87 cm (34 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.87, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518645, "title": "Khmer Sculpture", "description": "<i>Khmer Sculpture</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 28, 1961-January 28, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-11-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 676976, "title": "Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d", "description": "<i>Reinstallation of \u201cKrishna Lifting Mount Govardhan\u201d</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 12, 2024-November 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Hern\u00e1n Larra\u00edn Per\u00f3 [1899\u20131994], Buenos Aires, Argentina, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131942", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The god wears a short garment (<em>sampot</em>) tied to form a loop on the left with the hanging ends on the right thigh.", "description": "The muscular physique, sensitive smile, and flat-topped high crown are characteristics of Vishnu images made during the pre-Angkorian period (c. 550\u2013802) in Cambodia. This sculpture probably was the sole object of worship in a small brick temple sanctum.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80018559"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.562-vishnu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"Two Pre-Khmer Statues of Vishnu.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>29, no. 10 (December 1942): 164\u2013166.", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 164.", "url": "jstor.org/stable/25141026"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 786", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n140"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n265"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n265"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 316", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n336"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.562", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_web.jpg", "width": "426", "height": "900", "filesize": "90640", "filename": "1942.562_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_print.jpg", "width": "1611", "height": "3400", "filesize": "805573", "filename": "1942.562_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_full.tif", "width": "3665", "height": "7734", "filesize": "85069064", "filename": "1942.562_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "487", "height": "900", "filesize": "89195"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1840", "height": "3400", "filesize": "824853"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4214", "height": "7786", "filesize": "98461132"}, "date_created": "2016-01-29T14:41:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "458", "height": "900", "filesize": "86089"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1731", "height": "3400", "filesize": "777503"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3996", "height": "7849", "filesize": "94123936"}, "date_created": "2016-01-29T14:44:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "455", "height": "900", "filesize": "75572"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1717", "height": "3400", "filesize": "627448"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3907", "height": "7736", "filesize": "90704908"}, "date_created": "2016-01-29T14:46:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "523", "height": "900", "filesize": "93425"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1975", "height": "3400", "filesize": "866700"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4479", "height": "7709", "filesize": "103617108"}, "date_created": "2016-01-29T14:50:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "449", "height": "900", "filesize": "75180"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1697", "height": "3400", "filesize": "629258"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3839", "height": "7690", "filesize": "88595516"}, "date_created": "2016-01-29T14:52:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "520", "height": "900", "filesize": "94106"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "1963", "height": "3400", "filesize": "849614"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.562/1942.562_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4393", "height": "7608", "filesize": "100297172"}, "date_created": "2016-01-29T15:02:03", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122253, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-06-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 650, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "650\u201399", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vishnu", "Surya"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:17:37.891000"}, {"id": 141927, "accession_number": "1965.467", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Monteith Bowl, 1715\u201316. Benjamin Pyne (English, active 1693\u20131727). Silver gilt; diameter: 32.9 cm (12 15/16 in.); overall: 26.9 x 37.5 cm (10 9/16 x 14 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Corning, 1965.467", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Monteith Bowl", "creation_date": "1715\u201316", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1716, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Diameter: 32.9 cm (12 15/16 in.); Overall: 26.9 x 37.5 cm (10 9/16 x 14 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.329, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "overall": {"height": 0.269, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.375, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "engraved, center of bowl: arms, crest of Byam family (mantling and helmet were probably engraved at time bowl was made, crest and arms were altered to those of Byam at later date).  Rim engraved with Byam Crest (also presumably not original).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "<i>Collecting Drawings in England</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Anthony de Rothschild", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Warren Holmes [1841-1899] and Mary Helen Wick [1841-1929] Corning, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The name Monteith is said to come from a mythical Scotsman named Monteigh, who wore cloaks with a similar notched pattern.", "description": "This bowl\u2019s notched rim allows for glasses to be suspended in water for cooling and cleansing between courses during a long dinner. The rim can be removed and the bowl used for punch as well. A year before Benjamin Pyne began this bowl, he was appointed Subordinate Goldsmith to the King in preparation for George I\u2019s coronation (r. 1714\u20131727). Like much of his work, this Monteith bowl is characterized by its scale and simplicity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759523"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.467-monteith-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\"<em> The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>53, no. 7 (September 1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 277; Reproduced: p. 224, listed no. 14", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Birk, Eileen F. \"Current and Coming - Anniversary Year Celebrations.\" <em>Antiques</em> 90 (September 1966).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 286", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=STIDN&submit=Search&request=0003-5939"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 151", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n175"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Lee, Georgina E., and Ronald A. Lee. <em>Monteith Bowls, Including American and European Examples</em>. Byfleet: Manor House Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46; Reproduced: pl. 47", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=5099949"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.467", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "810", "filesize": "187930", "filename": "1965.467_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3061", "filesize": "1233872", "filename": "1965.467_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_full.tif", "width": "7446", "height": "6703", "filesize": "149757252", "filename": "1965.467_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "483263"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "4021269"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4118", "filesize": "67978416"}, "date_created": "2008-05-05T19:07:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "448361"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2546", "filesize": "3879813"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.467/1965.467_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5500", "height": "4118", "filesize": "67977968"}, "date_created": "2008-05-05T19:17:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Corning", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141927, "creators": [{"id": 8799, "description": "Benjamin Pyne (English, active 1693\u20131727)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "fabricated by", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1715\u201316", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Monteith", "Monteith Punch Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:08.005000"}, {"id": 142739, "accession_number": "1966.447.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Parrot from the Parrot on a Perch, 1896\u20131903. Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860\u20131903), House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Jasper, agate, emeralds; overall: 15.3 x 7.4 cm (6 x 2 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.447.a", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Parrot from the Parrot on a Perch", "creation_date": "1896\u20131903", "creation_date_earliest": 1896, "creation_date_latest": 1903, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "jasper, agate, emeralds", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 15.3 x 7.4 cm (6 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.153, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.074, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211192, "title": "Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (February 14-July 27, 2003); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 12, 2003-January 4, 2004); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 8-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Christie's, London, November 25, 1958, lot 152)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1958", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958-1966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This parrot is part of a figure that includes a perch for the bird to sit upon.", "description": "In creating luxurious accessories for a desk or tabletop, Faberg\u00e9 often used native hardstones such as multicolored agate and jasper, green nephrite, pink rhodonite, and rock crystal found in the Ural Mountains of western Russia. By paying careful attention to the unique colors and textures of the stones, Faberg\u00e9 and his craftsmen brought them to life, turning milky agate into a begging poodle or green and black jasper into this parrot. The use of native materials also promoted Russian nationalism, which appealed greatly to the tsar and his family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760924"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.447.a-parrot-from-the-parr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 14-5, cat. 3.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 109, cat. 88", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Faberge\u0301, Peter Carl, and Deborah E. Horowitz. <em>The Faberge\u0301 Menagerie</em>. London: Philip Wilson Pub, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 130, cat. 64.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/196795062"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 185, cat. 82.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}, {"citation": "Henry Hawley, <em>Faberg\u00e9 and His Contemporaries </em>(Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967), 14.", "page_number": "14", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.447.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447.a/1966.447.a_web.jpg", "width": "773", "height": "900", "filesize": "153709", "filename": "1966.447.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447.a/1966.447.a_print.jpg", "width": "2919", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1000727", "filename": "1966.447.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447.a/1966.447.a_full.tif", "width": "4505", "height": "5247", "filesize": "70938148", "filename": "1966.447.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447.a/1966.447.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "900", "filesize": "157718"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447.a/1966.447.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2927", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1042198"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.447.a/1966.447.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4435", "height": "5151", "filesize": "68559132"}, "date_created": "2021-09-08T20:30:34", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142739, "creators": [{"id": 8914, "description": "Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "workmaster", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1860", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1896, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1896\u20131903", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1966.447", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:19:59.016000"}, {"id": 320778, "accession_number": "2019.18", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Banks of the Oise at Dawn, 1888. Louis Hayet (French, 1864\u20131940). Oil on canvas; 51 x 71 cm (20 1/16 x 27 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Sundry Art - Miscellaneous Fund, 2019.18", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "Banks of the Oise at Dawn", "creation_date": "1888", "creation_date_earliest": 1887, "creation_date_latest": 1888, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France"], "technique": "Oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "51 x 71 cm (20 1/16 x 27 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"width": 0.51, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.71, "depth_inch": 27, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Louis Hayet, oeuvres ne\u0301o-impressionnistes de 1885 \u00e0 1895</em>, Muse\u0301e Tavet, 13 April - 4 August 1991.", "opening_date": "1991-04-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Post-impressionism : cross-currents in European painting.</em> Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom (November 17, 1979 - March 16, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-11-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Georges Seurat, Paul Signac e i neoimpressionisti.</em> Palazzo Reale, Milan, Italy (October, 2008-January 25, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Neo-Impressionism and the Dream of Realities: Painting, Poetry, Music</em>. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (September 27, 2014-January 11, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-09-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Louis Hayet, the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1888", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "George Hayet, the artist's  son", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1940", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Marie-Claude Fischer, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1960s-1976", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Samuel Josefowitz, Lausanne, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1976", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Private Collector, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 2015", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hayet received considerable critical praise for his original idea of developing a Neo-Impressionist color chart that incorporates gray tones.", "description": "Louis Hayet was an important, early practitioner of Neo-Impressionism, or Pointillism, the practice of applying small strokes or dots of paint so that from a distance the hues visually blend together and create an intense sensation of color and light. Notice the way in which Hayet painted the pale dawn sky\u2014and its reflection in the River Oise\u2014with strokes of pink, orange, blue, yellow, and green paint. When seen at a distance, the effect is of early morning, before the sun has fully risen.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79875900"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2019.18-banks-of-the-oise-at"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "House, John, and Mary Anne Stevens. <em>Post-Impressionism: Cross-Currents in European Painting</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1979.<br>Published as: \"<em>River Landscape</em>\"", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 86, no. 109; Reproduced: p. 112, no. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dulon, Guy, Louis Hayet, and Christophe Duvivier. <em>Louis Hayet: 1864-1940 : peintre et the\u0301oricien du ne\u0301o-impressionnisme</em>. Pontoise: Muse\u0301e de Pontoise, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bocquillon-Ferretti, Marina. <em>Georges Seurat, Paul Signac e i neoimpressionisti</em>. Milan: Skira, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Homburg, Cornelia et al. <em>Neo-Impressionism and the Dream of Realities: Painting, Poetry, Music</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46; Detail; p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. \"Acquisitions 2019: European Paintings and Sculpture, 1500-1800,\" <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>(March/April 2020): Cover, 17.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover, P. 17; Mentioned: P. 17.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2019.18", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.18/2019.18_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "643", "filesize": "535001", "filename": "2019.18_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.18/2019.18_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2430", "filesize": "6766890", "filename": "2019.18_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.18/2019.18_full.tif", "width": "8923", "height": "6378", "filesize": "170759852", "filename": "2019.18_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.18/2019.18_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "649", "filesize": "268983"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.18/2019.18_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2452", "filesize": "4462234"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.18/2019.18_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9492", "height": "6845", "filesize": "194945140"}, "date_created": "2019-04-16T20:32:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.18/2019.18_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "710", "filesize": "483041"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.18/2019.18_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2681", "filesize": "5869042"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2019.18/2019.18_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12170", "height": "9597", "filesize": "350417072"}, "date_created": "2019-04-16T20:22:28", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Sundry Art - Miscellaneous Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 320778, "creators": [{"id": 320781, "description": "Louis Hayet (French, 1864\u20131940)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": null, "biography": "French painter, 1864-1940", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1864", "death_year": "1940", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2019-03-04T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1887, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1888", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:56:16.222000"}, {"id": 399499, "accession_number": "2021.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gorgoneion Antefix (Ornamental Roof Tile), c. 500 BCE. Greek / South Italian, Taranto. Terracotta (moldmade); height: 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2021.3", "current_location": "102D Pre-Roman", "title": "Gorgoneion Antefix (Ornamental Roof Tile)", "creation_date": "c. 500 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -505, "creation_date_latest": -495, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greek / South Italian, Taranto"], "technique": "Terracotta (moldmade)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "height: 24.5 cm (9 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"height": {"height": 0.245, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Meisterwerke Griechischer Kunst, </em>Kunsthalle Basel, Switzerland (18 June-13 September 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-06-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Kunst der Antike aus Privatbesitz Bern-Biel-Solothurn, </em>Zentralbibliothek Solothurn, Switzerland (21 October-3 December 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Go\u0308tter, Menschen und Da\u0308monen: Terrakotten aus Unteritalien, </em>Antikenmuseum Basel, Switzerland (16 April-20 August 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-04-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Galerie Rh\u00e9a \u201cHallmark\", </em>Galerie Rh\u00e9a, Brussels Ancient Art Fair, Brussels, Belgium (6-10 June 2012).", "opening_date": "2012-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Galerie Rh\u00e9a \u201cHallmark\", </em>Galerie Rh\u00e9a, TEFAF Maastricht, The Netherlands (Every March, 2012-2018).", "opening_date": "2012-03-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Monnaies et M\u00e9dailles S.A., Basel, Switzerland (also known as M\u00fcnzen und Medaillen), sold to Prof. Dr. Hans Jucker.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "By 1953", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Prof. Dr. Hans Jucker (1918-1984) and Dr. Ines Jucker (n\u00e9e Scherrer, 1922-2013), Bern Switzerland, sold to Michael G. Petropoulos.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1953-2011", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Michael G. Petropoulos, owner of Galerie Rh\u00e9a, Zurich, Switzerland, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2011-2020", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Gorgoneion represents the decapitated head of Medusa, most famous of the three Gorgon sisters.", "description": "This mold-made terracotta antefix, a type of ornamental roof tile, takes the form of a Gorgoneion, a disembodied Gorgon head. Nearly circular in shape, it features bulging, almond-shaped eyes and a grinning mouth with wide tongue and sharp teeth or tusks. S-shaped serpents surround the head, some standing tall. Traces of pigment suggest a more vivid original appearance, perhaps considered both terrifying and protective.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106477702"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2021.3-gorgoneion-antefix-o"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mu\u0308nzen und Medaillen A.G. <em>Monnaies d'or gauloises, grecques, romaines et byzantines ; objets d'art grecs</em>. Basel: Mu\u0308nzen und Medaillen, 1953.", "page_number": "p. 29 and pl. XI, lot 299", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schefold, Karl. <em>Meisterwerke griechischer Kunst. Basel. Kunsthalle.</em> Catalogues. 1960-1961. Basel: B. Schwabe, 1960.", "page_number": "pp. 61, 230-231, no. V 275", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vereinigung der Freunde Antiker Kunst (Switzerland), and Zentralbibliothek Solothurn. <em>Kunst der Antike aus Privatbesitz Bern-Biel-Solothurn: [Ausstellung] Zentralbibliothek Solothurn, 21. Oktober bis 3. Dezember 1967</em>. [Solothurn, Switzerland?]: [Zentralbibliothek?], 1967.", "page_number": "p. 137, no. 334", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herdeju\u0308rgen, Helga. <em>Go\u0308tter, Menschen und Da\u0308monen: Terrakotten aus Unteritalien : [Sonderausstellung im Antikenmuseum Basel, 16 April bis 20. August 1978].</em> Basel: Archa\u0308ologischer Verlag, in Kommission bei Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 89, no. C4", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201c<em>New on View</em>.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 3 (Summer 2021): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2021.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.3/2021.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "874", "filesize": "250781", "filename": "2021.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.3/2021.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3300", "filesize": "2430649", "filename": "2021.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.3/2021.3_full.tif", "width": "10518", "height": "10209", "filesize": "322162328", "filename": "2021.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.3/2021.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "872", "filesize": "245811"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.3/2021.3_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3296", "filesize": "2484962"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2021.3/2021.3_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10518", "height": "10195", "filesize": "321719712"}, "date_created": "2021-04-13T15:09:25", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 399499, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2021-03-01T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": -505, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 500 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:59:07.559000"}, {"id": 676387, "accession_number": "2025.138", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Welcoming Descent of Amida with Twenty-Five Bodhisattvas (\u963f\u5f25\u9640\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u83e9\u85a9\u6765\u8fce\u56f3), mid-1300s. Japan, Nanbokuch\u014d period (1336\u201392). Hanging scroll; ink, color, gold, silver, and cut gold on silk; painting: 164.5 x 137.7 cm (64 3/4 x 54 3/16 in.); mounted: 255 x 166.6 cm (100 3/8 x 65 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2025.138", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Welcoming Descent of Amida with Twenty-Five Bodhisattvas", "title_in_original_language": "\u963f\u5f25\u9640\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u83e9\u85a9\u6765\u8fce\u56f3", "creation_date": "mid-1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1336, "creation_date_latest": 1365, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Nanbokuch\u014d period (1336\u201392)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink, color, gold, silver, and cut gold on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 164.5 x 137.7 cm (64 3/4 x 54 3/16 in.); Mounted: 255 x 166.6 cm (100 3/8 x 65 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 1.645, "height_inch": 64, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.377, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "mounted with knobs": {"height": 2.55, "height_inch": 100, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.73, "width_inch": 68, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "knob diam": {"depth": 0.034, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "mounted": {"height": 2.55, "height_inch": 100, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 1.666, "width_inch": 65, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Light of Asia: Buddha Sakyamuni in Asian Art</em>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (March 4-May 20, 1984); Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (June 30-August 26, 1984); Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (November 1, 1984-February 10, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-03-04T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Nenge misho\u0304: Bukkyo\u0304 bijutsu no miryoku</em> [\u62c8\u83ef\u5fae\u7b11: \u4ecf\u654e\u7f8e\u8853\u306e\u9b45\u529b = Buddha's smile: masterpieces of Japanese Buddhist art]. Okura Museum of Art, Tokyo, Japan (November 2-December 24, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-11-02T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Nenge misho\u0304 II: hotoke no michi </em>[\u62c8\u83ef\u5fae\u7b11\u306d\u3093\u3052\u307f\u3057\u3087\u3046 II : \u4ecf\u306e\u9053 = Buddha's smile II : transcending time and space]. Fukui Fine Arts Museum, Fukui, Japan (October 9-November 3, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-10-09T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Mappo\u0304/apocalypse: ushinawareta Mushakuan korekushon o motomete</em> [\u672b\u6cd5/apocalyse: \u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u5922\u77f3\u5eb5\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066 = Mappo\u0304, apocalypse: in pursuit of the lost Mushakuan collection].Hosomi Museum, Kyoto, Japan (October 17-December 24, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-10-17T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Seiry\u016bzan Sh\u014dgon\u2019in J\u014dchiji \u6e05\u7027\u5c71\u8358\u53b3\u9662\u6d44\u667a\u5bfa, Awa, Tokushima, Shikoku, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1688\u2013at least 1854", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Hosomi Ryo \u7d30\u898b\u826f [1901\u20131978], Osaka, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Robert H. Ellsworth [1929\u20132014], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Christie, Manson & Woods International Inc., New York, NY, March 29\u201330, 1996 sale, Lot 405, sold to Tajima Mitsuru of London Gallery)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 29\u201330, 1996", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(London Gallery, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996\u20132025", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2025\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "One of the percussive instruments played by the bodhisattvas in the painting is called a <em>paiban</em> or <em>hakuban</em> in Japanese.", "description": "This painting depicts the Buddha Amida arriving to escort a dying person to his Pure Land, or Western Paradise. He is attended by an entourage of 25 bodhisattvas, enlightened beings who are committed to serving others, many of whom provide orchestral accompaniment to herald the momentous occasion. The bodhisattva Kannon kneels, holding a lotus dais for the deceased to ride to their destination.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya, Robert L. Brown, Robert E. Fisher, George Kuwayama, and Amy G. Poster. <em>Light of Asia: Buddha Sakyamuni in Asian Art</em>. Los Angeles, CA: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "cat. no 173", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Nenge misho\u0304: Bukkyo\u0304 bijutsu no miryoku</em> [\u62c8\u83ef\u5fae\u7b11: \u4ecf\u654e\u7f8e\u8853\u306e\u9b45\u529b = Buddha's smile: masterpieces of Japanese Buddhist art]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Rondon Gyarari\u0304, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 109, pp. 196\u2013197", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tajima, Mitsuru, and Kayoko Komori. <em>Nenge misho\u0304 II: hotoke no michi </em>[\u62c8\u83ef\u5fae\u7b11\u306d\u3093\u3052\u307f\u3057\u3087\u3046 II : \u4ecf\u306e\u9053 = Buddha's smile II : transcending time and space]. Tokyo: London Gallery Co., Ltd., 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 168, pp. 274\u2013275 and 374", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hashimoto, Mari \u6a4b\u672c\u9ebb\u91cc. <em>Mappo\u0304/apocalypse: ushinawareta Mushakuan korekushon o motomete</em> [\u672b\u6cd5/apocalyse: \u5931\u308f\u308c\u305f\u5922\u77f3\u5eb5\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066 = Mappo\u0304, apocalypse: in pursuit of the lost Mushakuan collection]. Kyoto: Hosomi Art Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 11, pp. 042\u2013043, 182", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sin\u00e9ad. \u201cRare 'Welcoming Descent Painting': <em>Amida with 25 Bodhisattvas </em>Joins the Collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>66, no. 1 (2026): 22.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 3, 22; Mentioned: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2026-01"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2025.138", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.138/2025.138_web.jpg", "width": "755", "height": "900", "filesize": "239249", "filename": "2025.138_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.138/2025.138_print.jpg", "width": "2851", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3234233", "filename": "2025.138_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.138/2025.138_full.tif", "width": "8322", "height": "9923", "filesize": "247766396", "filename": "2025.138_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.138/2025.138_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "597", "height": "900", "filesize": "127755"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.138/2025.138_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2257", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1546428"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.138/2025.138_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7621", "height": "11478", "filesize": "262449576"}, "date_created": "2025-02-20T16:15:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.138/2025.138_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "596", "height": "900", "filesize": "169946"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.138/2025.138_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2250", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2437454"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2025.138/2025.138_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7564", "height": "11429", "filesize": "259374828"}, "date_created": "2025-02-20T13:10:01", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 676387, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2025-06-09T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1336, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid-1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 09:14:42.559000"}, {"id": 109391, "accession_number": "1927.6", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Geometric Neck-Handled Amphora (Storage Vessel): Prothesis (Laying out of Corpse), Mourners, Chariots, c. 720\u2013700 BCE. Attributed to Workshop of Athens 894 (Greek, Attic, Late Geometric llb). Ceramic; overall: 60 cm (23 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1927.6", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Geometric Neck-Handled Amphora (Storage Vessel): Prothesis (Laying out of Corpse), Mourners, Chariots", "creation_date": "c. 720\u2013700 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -725, "creation_date_latest": -655, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 60 cm (23 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.6, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>From Pature to Polis: Art in the Age of Homer,</em> Museum of Art and Archaeology, Columbia, Missouri (October 9, 1993- December 5, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-10-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Roussos, sold to Brummer Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1926", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Brummer Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926-1927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1927-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The better-preserved side of this vase is actually its reverse.", "description": "This neck-amphora bears multiple forms of decoration related to funerary ritual. On the neck panels, mourners beat their heads or tear out their hair. Some surround a bier, a platform where the body of the deceased lies beneath a checkered cloth. Further down, a procession of two-horse chariots moves around the vase, whether headed to the cemetery or the battlefield. The snakes applied to the handles, neck, and rim may all allude to the underworld.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756864"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.6-geometric-neck-handl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 1001463", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/29D0BE72-F8F6-427C-A111-22559FB7B99D"}, {"citation": "The Brummer Gallery Records. Cloisters (Museum), n.d.", "page_number": "P3649", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16028coll9/id/29428/rec/47"}, {"citation": "R. H. \"Two Greek Vases.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 14, no. 6 (1927): 99-101.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137032"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n78"}, {"citation": "Cook, J.M. <em>British School at Athens </em>35 (1934-35).", "page_number": "p. 181", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, J.M. <em>British School at Athens 42</em> (1947).", "page_number": "pp. 144, 146, 148, pl. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 24", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Hubbell, H. M., and William S. Anderson. <em>Yale Classical Studies</em>, Volume Sixteen. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961.", "page_number": "p. 41, fig. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hill, Dorothy Kent. \"Accessions to the Greek Collection,\" <em>Journal of the Walters Art Gallery </em>vol. 24 (1961).", "page_number": "p. 40, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art,</em> 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1; Reproduced: Plate 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt"}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "pp. 3-4, pls. 2-3, I", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/browseCVARecord.asp?id={29D0BE72-F8F6-427C-A111-22559FB7B99D}&startRef="}, {"citation": "Ahlberg, Gudrun. \"Prothesis and Ekphora in Greek Geometric Art,\" <em>Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology </em>Vol. 32 (1971).", "page_number": "fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Finkenstaedt, Elizabeth. \"Mycenaean Mourning Customs in Greek Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 2 (1973).", "page_number": "pp. 37-43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 8-9, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. <em>Classical Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection, the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Museum, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival in Ancient Athens</em> : [Exhibition]. Hanover, N.H.: Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Langdon, Susan Helen. <em>From Pasture to Polis: Art in the Age of Homer</em>. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1993.", "page_number": "pp. 87-91, cat. 20.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle, and Nino Urushadze. \"Animal Style Bronze Art and Its Closest Parallels: A Bronze Belt and Axe Head.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 5 (1994)", "page_number": "p. 127, fig. 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161453"}, {"citation": "Wilder, Jesse Bryant, Vernard Foley, Philip Neuman, and Gloria Wilder.<em> Antigone &amp; the Greek World</em>. Cleveland, OH: Nexus, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coldstream, J. N. <em>Greek Geometric Pottery: A Survey of Ten Local Styles and Their Chronology</em>. Exeter, Devon: Bristol Phoenix Press, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 58, XI.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oakley, John H., \"Women in Athenian Ritual and Funerary Art,\" pp. 335-341 (ill. Fig. 1) in <em>Worshiping Women: Ritual and Reality in Classical Athens, </em>eds. Nikos E. Kaltsas and H. A. Shapiro (New York, N.Y.: Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation (USA) in collaboration with the National Archaeological Museum, Athens, 2008).", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Murray, Sarah. Male Nudity in the Greek Iron Age: Representation and Ritual Context in Aegean Societies. Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 269", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.6", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.6/1927.6_web.jpg", "width": "552", "height": "893", "filesize": "287103", "filename": "1927.6_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.6/1927.6_print.jpg", "width": "2100", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3988955", "filename": "1927.6_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.6/1927.6_full.tif", "width": "3766", "height": "6096", "filesize": "68893564", "filename": "1927.6_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.6/1927.6_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "558", "height": "893", "filesize": "294282"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.6/1927.6_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2125", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4201150"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.6/1927.6_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3790", "height": "6063", "filesize": "68961152"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:45:15", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 109391, "creators": [{"id": 10987, "description": "Workshop of Athens 894 (Greek, Attic, Late Geometric llb)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-01-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -725, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 720\u2013700 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:50:36.244000"}, {"id": 108313, "accession_number": "1925.944", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait Head of a Man, c. 100 CE. Italy, Roman. Marble; overall: 26.3 cm (10 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1925.944", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Portrait Head of a Man", "creation_date": "c. 100 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 95, "creation_date_latest": 105, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 26.3 cm (10 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.263, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Portrait heads like this could belong to busts, herms, or full-length statues.", "description": "Although the identity of this man remains a mystery, its realism is striking. Far from idealized, it convincingly depicts a solid middle-aged man with wrinkled forehead, high cheek bones, and deep-set eyes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741906"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.944-portrait-head-of-a-m"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Howard, Rossiter. \"Two Roman Portraits.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 13, no. 1 (1926): 8-13.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136890."}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margarete. 1944. \u201cRoman Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 32 (April): 65\u201383.", "page_number": "Ill. p. 73 (Fig. 8), discussed pp. 73-74.", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n22"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n49"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n47"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n49"}, {"citation": "Canaday, John. <em>What Is Art?: An Introduction to Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture. </em>New York: Knopf, 1980.", "page_number": "Pp. 63-64, Fig. 89.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \"The Twain Shall Meet.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 6 (1985): 326-59.", "page_number": "P. 357, no. 8.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159914."}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.944", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "893", "filesize": "328174", "filename": "1925.944_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_print.jpg", "width": "2647", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4935589", "filename": "1925.944_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_full.tif", "width": "4592", "height": "5899", "filesize": "81294904", "filename": "1925.944_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "893", "filesize": "353496"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2793", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5333843"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6076", "filesize": "91024536"}, "date_created": "2009-03-19T15:28:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "893", "filesize": "335658"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2681", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5092169"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4762", "height": "6038", "filesize": "86289036"}, "date_created": "2009-03-19T16:20:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "664", "height": "893", "filesize": "325100"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2530", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4649292"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.944/1925.944_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4415", "height": "5934", "filesize": "78625960"}, "date_created": "2009-03-19T16:42:32", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 108313, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-10-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 95, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 100 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:48:07.721000"}, {"id": 122350, "accession_number": "1942.646", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tarquinius Priscus Entering Rome, c. 1470. Jacopo del Sellaio (Italian, c. 1441\u20131493). Tempera on wood, mounted on canvas; framed: 81.9 x 202.2 x 11.4 cm (32 1/4 x 79 5/8 x 4 1/2 in.); unframed: 41 x 165.4 cm (16 1/8 x 65 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.646", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "Tarquinius Priscus Entering Rome", "creation_date": "c. 1470", "creation_date_earliest": 1465, "creation_date_latest": 1475, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, late 15th Century"], "technique": "tempera on wood, mounted on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 81.9 x 202.2 x 11.4 cm (32 1/4 x 79 5/8 x 4 1/2 in.); Unframed: 41 x 165.4 cm (16 1/8 x 65 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.819, "height_inch": 32, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 2.022, "width_inch": 79, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.114, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 0.41, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.654, "width_inch": 65, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355543, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Art is Long", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Art is Long</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 14-June 7, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301474, "title": "An Approach to Museum Objects", "description": "<i>An Approach to Museum Objects</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 3-June 30, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 226355, "title": "The Triumph of Marriage: Painted Cassoni of the Renaissance", "description": "<i>The Triumph of Marriage: Painted Cassoni of the Renaissance</i>. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, MA (organizer) (October 16, 2008-January 18, 2009); John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (February 14-April 19, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-16T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting utilizes continuous narrative; the same figures appear multiple times as the story unfolds from left to right.", "description": "Originally the front of a bridal chest, this panel was later removed and framed like a painting. At left, the Etruscan prophetess Tanaquil foresees her husband\u2019s entry into Rome. En route, an eagle snatched his hat, then returned it as they approached the city, which Tanaquil interpreted as a good omen. Ancient triumphal processions, closely connected to ancient sarcophagi, were common subjects for bridal chests. Here Tanaquil is a model for a supportive, dutiful wife.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514847"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.646-tarquinius-priscus-e"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rudolph Lepke's Kunst-Auctions-Haus. <em>Sammlung des verstorbenen Geheimen Regierungsrats und Fru\u0308heren Direktors des Koenigl. Kupferstichkabinetts zu Berlin, Friedrich Lippmann</em>. 1912.", "page_number": "No. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25, cat. no. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Department of Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>29, no. 9 (November 1942): 132-136", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 132-135", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 44, p. 125 - 126", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "221", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baskins, Cristelle Louise, Adrian W. B. Randolph, Jacqueline Marie Musacchio, and Alan Chong. <em>The Triumph of Marriage: Painted Cassoni of the Renaissance</em>. Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 2008.", "page_number": "133-136 (cat. no. 11)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Antonio del Massaro, and Luisa Caporossi. Antonio del Massaro detto il Pastura: studi su un \"peruginesco\" viterbese e la sua bottega. <br>Firenze : Leo S. Olschki, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 66; Reproduced; p. 66; Fig. 6.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dobson, Chris. <em>Beaten Black and Blue: The Myth of the Medieval Knight in Shining Armour</em>. Sant'Albano Stura, Italy: Chris Dobson, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 126-127, fig. 148, p. 242, fig. 280, p. 289-290, fig. 337", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.646", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "322", "filesize": "387550", "filename": "1942.646_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "867", "filesize": "2888832", "filename": "1942.646_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_full.tif", "width": "6486", "height": "1655", "filesize": "32230160", "filename": "1942.646_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "321", "filesize": "378831"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "865", "filesize": "2958112"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt0_full.tif", "width": "16892", "height": "4300", "filesize": "217937000"}, "date_created": "2010-10-21T18:51:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "339", "filesize": "282043"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "913", "filesize": "2439269"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6600", "height": "1773", "filesize": "35130720"}, "date_created": "2010-10-21T12:45:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "849", "filesize": "954830"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2285", "filesize": "7501731"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4483", "filesize": "89708292"}, "date_created": "2010-10-21T18:45:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "851", "filesize": "973680"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2292", "filesize": "7809928"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "4496", "filesize": "89968196"}, "date_created": "2010-10-21T18:49:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "860", "filesize": "951435"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2316", "filesize": "7528600"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6588", "height": "4488", "filesize": "88730872"}, "date_created": "2010-10-21T18:51:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "728", "filesize": "644898"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1961", "filesize": "4676737"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.646/1942.646_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6668", "height": "3846", "filesize": "76977464"}, "date_created": "2010-10-21T12:18:32", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122350, "creators": [{"id": 2307, "description": "Jacopo del Sellaio (Italian, c. 1441\u20131493)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1441", "death_year": "1493", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1465, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1470", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:18:05.032000"}, {"id": 131719, "accession_number": "1954.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Necklace with Pendants, 500s. Byzantium, Constantinople?, early Byzantine period, 6th century. Gold, garnets; part 1: 56.5 cm (22 1/4 in.); part 2: 4.5 x 3.1 x 1.6 cm (1 3/4 x 1 1/4 x 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1954.3", "current_location": "104 Late Antiquity", "title": "Necklace with Pendants", "creation_date": "500s", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 599, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Constantinople?, early Byzantine period, 6th century"], "technique": "gold, garnets", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Part 1: 56.5 cm (22 1/4 in.); Part 2: 4.5 x 3.1 x 1.6 cm (1 3/4 x 1 1/4 x 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.565, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "part 2": {"height": 0.045, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.031, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.016, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196195, "title": "Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe", "description": "<i>Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 2010-January 17, 2011); The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (February 13-May 15, 2011); The British Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (June 23-October 9, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, October 17, 2010 - January 17, 2011, Walters Art Museum February 13 - May 15, 2011, British Museum June 23 - October 9, 2011: \"Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics and Devotion in Medieval Europe,\" cat no.26.", "opening_date": "2011-02-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007), the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008) and Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mrs. Paul Mallon, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Just as some of us wear jewelry associated with our particular faith, the original owner of this necklace proudly wore this cross a symbol of their Christian beliefs.", "description": "Wearing richly decorated gold necklaces such as this one was a common practice among members of Byzantium\u2019s upper classes. In addition to their use as personal adornments and symbols of social status, necklaces with cross pendants and capsules containing relics were also believed to function as powerful protective devices. Here, two hexagonal gold cylinders that may have enclosed either magical texts or holy substances flank a cross pendant on either side.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.3-necklace-with-pendan"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Byzantine Goldsmith Work.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>41, no. 8 (October 1954): 190-192.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 190", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141983"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n26"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n62"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n60"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n59"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "NK1652.2 .S23 2007", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bagnoli, Martina. <em>Treasures of heaven: saints, relics, and devotion in medieval Europe</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 26, p. 24 - 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hahn, Cynthia J., Anna Beatriz Chadour-Sampson, and Sandra Hindman. <em>The Thing of Mine I Have Loved the Best: Meaningful Jewels.</em> London : Paul Holberton Publishing ; Paris : Les Enluminures, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 72-73", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.3/1954.3_web.jpg", "width": "665", "height": "893", "filesize": "311929", "filename": "1954.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.3/1954.3_print.jpg", "width": "2531", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4594608", "filename": "1954.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.3/1954.3_full.tif", "width": "3680", "height": "4943", "filesize": "54599060", "filename": "1954.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131719, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-01-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:47:16.962000"}, {"id": 137276, "accession_number": "1962.213", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Adoring Monk (\u50e7\u4eba), early 500s. China, Northern Wei dynasty (386-534). Gilt bronze; overall: 14.9 cm (5 7/8 in.); base: 3.6 x 5.2 x 3.9 cm (1 7/16 x 2 1/16 x 1 9/16 in.); figure: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. John Lyon Collyer in memory of her mother, Mrs. G. M. G. Forman, 1962.213", "current_location": "241C Chinese Buddhist Sculptures", "title": "Adoring Monk", "title_in_original_language": "\u50e7\u4eba", "creation_date": "early 500s", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 525, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Northern Wei dynasty (386-534)"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Northern Dynasties", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 14.9 cm (5 7/8 in.); Base: 3.6 x 5.2 x 3.9 cm (1 7/16 x 2 1/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Figure: 11.5 cm (4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.149, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "base": {"height": 0.036, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.052, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.039, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "figure": {"height": 0.115, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 448467, "title": "China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail", "description": "<i>China through the Magnifying Glass: Masterpieces in Miniature and Detail</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 11, 2022-February 26, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-12-10T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Art of the Six Dynasties: Centuries of Change and Innovation</em>. China House Gallery, (October 29, 1975-February 1, 1976).", "opening_date": "1975-10-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Master Bronzes Selected from Museums and Collections in America</em>. The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY (February 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Christian R. Holmes, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1937\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. G. M. G. Forman, given to her daughter, Mrs. John Lyon [Georgia Forman Elliott] Collyer", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1937\u2013?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. John Lyon [Georgia Forman Elliott] Collyer [1898\u20131994], given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131962", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1962\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The monk stands with his hands together in a reverent greeting.", "description": "Portable Buddhist figures and objects like this gilt bronze had a variety of uses. They could have been carried in religious processions. Others could serve as donations, souvenirs, or votive items in the context of pilgrimages to religious sites. Their miniature size also made them appropriate for placement on private altars or shrines for personal devotion.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762298"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.213-adoring-monk"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Master Bronzes, Selected from Museums and Collections in America; February, 1937, the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York</em>. [Buffalo, N.Y.]: [Burrow and Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Back Matter.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 8 (October 1962).", "page_number": "Reproduced: back cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151912"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 249", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n273"}, {"citation": "Munsterberg, Hugo. <em>Chinese Buddhist Bronzes</em>. Rutland, Vt: C.E. Tuttle, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 249", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n273"}, {"citation": "Juliano, Annette L. <em>Art of the Six Dynasties: Centuries of Change and Innovation: [Exhibition] October 29, 1975 Through February 1, 1976. New York. China House Gallery</em>. New York: China House Gallery, 1975.", "page_number": "cat. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xing </em>[Chinese art in overseas collections, Buddhist sculpture = \u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf]. Taibei Shi Shilin qu Waishuangxi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sun, Di, editor. <em>Zhongguo liu shi hai wai Fo jiao zao xiang zong he tu mu </em>[\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u5931\u6d77\u5916\u4f5b\u6559\u9020\u50cf\u603b\u5408\u56fe\u76ee Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Buddhist Statues in Overseas Collections]. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 150", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.213", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.213/1962.213_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "55603", "filename": "1962.213_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.213/1962.213_print.jpg", "width": "2912", "height": "3400", "filesize": "699468", "filename": "1962.213_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.213/1962.213_full.tif", "width": "4583", "height": "5351", "filesize": "73592888", "filename": "1962.213_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.213/1962.213_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "780", "height": "893", "filesize": "56856"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.213/1962.213_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2970", "height": "3400", "filesize": "734744"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.213/1962.213_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4782", "height": "5474", "filesize": "78552004"}, "date_created": "2012-09-24T13:10:07", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. John Lyon Collyer in memory of her mother, Mrs. G. M. G. Forman", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137276, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-09-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Figure of Standing Priest"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:00:24.919000"}, {"id": 138014, "accession_number": "1962.28", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Virgin and Child, c. 1385\u201390. France, Loire Valley, 14th century. Limestone with traces of polychromy; overall: 135.3 x 41.3 x 30.5 cm (53 1/4 x 16 1/4 x 12 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1962.28", "current_location": "109 Gothic Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Virgin and Child", "creation_date": "c. 1385\u201390", "creation_date_earliest": 1380, "creation_date_latest": 1395, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Loire Valley, 14th century"], "technique": "limestone with traces of polychromy", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 135.3 x 41.3 x 30.5 cm (53 1/4 x 16 1/4 x 12 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.353, "height_inch": 53, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.413, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.305, "depth_inch": 12, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mrs. Paul Mallon (d. 1977), New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1962", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sculpture was painted over many times over its history, common for medieval sculpture.", "description": "The vibrant naturalism of the Virgin\u2019s face and long flowing hair, as well as the deep, rich folds of drapery are characteristic of the work of itinerant artists from the Netherlands who found employment at the Valois courts of France at Paris, Berry, and Burgundy. Their native styles and attention to realistic detail fused with native French artistic traditions toward the end of the 14th century and took root. The original source of this Virgin and Child is unknown, but its style suggests a relationship with similar sculptures made for churches and abbeys of the Central Loire Valley. The additional influence of the style of the sculptor Andr\u00e9 Beauneveu has also been noted for this sculpture. His commissions were abundant and his influence widespread. The sculptor of this work appears to have had some knowledge of Beauneveu\u2019s work in the Loire region.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779270"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.28-virgin-and-child"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, S. (1962). Year in Review 1962. <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art,</em> <em>49</em>(9).", "page_number": "no. 32", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151915"}, {"citation": "Wixom, W. (1963). A Fourteenth-Century Madonna and Child. <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art,</em> <em>50</em>(1).", "page_number": "pp. 14-22", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151929"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n88"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France. [</em>Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "p. 230-231, 373; no. VI 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n88"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n92"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. 63, p.176", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "pp. 184-185, no. 66", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.28", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "893", "filesize": "55277", "filename": "1962.28_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_print.jpg", "width": "2241", "height": "3400", "filesize": "680475", "filename": "1962.28_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_full.tif", "width": "4329", "height": "6567", "filesize": "85336228", "filename": "1962.28_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "553", "height": "893", "filesize": "50666"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2104", "height": "3400", "filesize": "628975"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4128", "height": "6668", "filesize": "82621552"}, "date_created": "2012-03-28T14:45:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "554", "height": "893", "filesize": "51008"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2108", "height": "3400", "filesize": "613026"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4136", "height": "6668", "filesize": "82783820"}, "date_created": "2012-03-28T15:12:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "504", "height": "893", "filesize": "42186"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1920", "height": "3400", "filesize": "533044"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3767", "height": "6668", "filesize": "75400264"}, "date_created": "2012-03-28T15:40:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "538", "height": "893", "filesize": "45027"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2047", "height": "3400", "filesize": "576315"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3982", "height": "6612", "filesize": "79024512"}, "date_created": "2012-03-28T15:58:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "550", "height": "893", "filesize": "60693"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2094", "height": "3400", "filesize": "827486"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4064", "height": "6597", "filesize": "80469088"}, "date_created": "2012-03-28T17:29:32", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "532", "height": "893", "filesize": "233430"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2024", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3021383"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.28/1962.28_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3305", "height": "5553", "filesize": "55087516"}, "date_created": "2005-10-27T15:12:21", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 138014, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-02-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1380, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1385\u201390", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Madonna and Child"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:03:53.823000"}, {"id": 141744, "accession_number": "1965.325", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Headdress (chi wara), early to mid-1900s. Africa, West Africa, Mali, Bamana-style blacksmith-carver. Wood, cowrie shells, glass beads, possibly aluminum, iron alloy, upholstery studs, and natural fibers; overall: 44.5 x 66 cm (17 1/2 x 26 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Ralph M. Coe in memory of Ralph M. Coe, 1965.325", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Headdress (chi wara)", "creation_date": "early to mid-1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1970, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Mali, Bamana-style blacksmith-carver"], "technique": "Wood, cowrie shells, glass beads, possibly aluminum, iron alloy, upholstery studs, and natural fibers", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Mask", "measurements": "Overall: 44.5 x 66 cm (17 1/2 x 26 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.445, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.66, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2017</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Kansas City, MO, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art:  The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World (1962), cat. no. 3.", "opening_date": "1962-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1965:  \"Year in Review,\" Bulletin, LII (November 1965), p, 152, no. 22.", "opening_date": "1965-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J.J. Klejman Gallery, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mrs. Ralph M. Coe [Dorothy deWolf Tracey, 1890-1966] Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-1965", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1965-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "<em>Chi wara</em> headdresses look different depending on the region they were made in. The style of this example tells us it was likely made in the Djitoumou region of southern Mali.", "description": "<em>Chi wara</em>\u2014a mythical \u201cfarming beast\u201d\u2014was said to teach farming to the Bamana people. Carved patterns cover this female chi wara\u2019s body, highlighting its muscles and emphasizing that it is no earthly animal, but rather an agricultural spirit that combines human, antelope, and anteater elements. This example wears earrings and a nose ring of imported metals and beads. Its carver\u2014a blacksmith\u2014used a naturalistic style common south of the city of Bamako. Accompanied by women\u2019s songs, male performers danced paired male-and-female chi wara headdresses affixed to basketry caps at agricultural competitions and weddings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.325-headdress-chi-wara"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Henry John Drewal. 1989. <em>African Art : A Brief Guide to the Collection : The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Museum, fig. 16.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, Barbara J Bradley, and Cleveland Museum of Art. 2001. <em>Knockouts : A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, no. 68, pp. 66-7, repr. color p. 66; listed p. 118.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "CMA 1991: Handbook, p. 147.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 3, p. 36 - 37", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine., \"New Light on African Art\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 43 no. 06, Summer 2003", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-06/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"A World of Great Art for Everyone.\" In <em>Representing Africa in American Art Museums: A Century of Collecting and Display</em>. Kathleen Bickford Berzock and Christa Clarke, 104-121. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 119-120", "url": null}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. <em>The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World.</em> Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10, p. 12, cat. no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Art Institute of Chicago, Constantijn Petridis, and Martha G. Anderson. Speaking of Objects: African Art at the Art Institute of Chicago. 2020, 26.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 25-26, fig. 4", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.325", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_web.jpg", "width": "997", "height": "893", "filesize": "456708", "filename": "1965.325_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3044", "filesize": "5213928", "filename": "1965.325_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_full.tif", "width": "5325", "height": "4768", "filesize": "76202268", "filename": "1965.325_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "818", "height": "893", "filesize": "313466"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3113", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5087380"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6100", "height": "6662", "filesize": "121947212"}, "date_created": "2009-11-03T15:39:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "818", "height": "893", "filesize": "313466"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3113", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5087380"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6100", "height": "6662", "filesize": "121947212"}, "date_created": "2009-11-03T15:39:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "467451"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2267", "filesize": "3731206"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "4096", "filesize": "75529372"}, "date_created": "2009-11-03T15:41:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "467451"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2267", "filesize": "3731206"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "4096", "filesize": "75529372"}, "date_created": "2009-11-03T15:41:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1014", "height": "893", "filesize": "471031"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2995", "filesize": "5281752"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5327", "height": "4692", "filesize": "75016244"}, "date_created": "2009-08-21T17:19:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "569", "height": "893", "filesize": "227789"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2168", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3224401"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt5_full.tif", "width": "2962", "height": "4646", "filesize": "41315992"}, "date_created": "2009-08-21T17:31:38", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "551", "height": "893", "filesize": "234483"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2098", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3309841"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.325/1965.325_alt6_full.tif", "width": "2801", "height": "4539", "filesize": "38172748"}, "date_created": "2009-08-21T18:00:18", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Ralph M. Coe in memory of Ralph M. Coe", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141744, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-09-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early to mid-1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Antelope Headdress (N'gonzon Koun)", "Female Antelope Headdress (chi wara)", "Antelope Headdress"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:07.189000"}, {"id": 146236, "accession_number": "1972.102", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Oil Ampulla in the Form of a Dancing Bear, 200s CE. Italy, Roman. Bronze; overall: 14.6 x 10.4 x 9.5 cm (5 3/4 x 4 1/8 x 3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1972.102", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Oil Ampulla in the Form of a Dancing Bear", "creation_date": "200s CE", "creation_date_earliest": 200, "creation_date_latest": 300, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 14.6 x 10.4 x 9.5 cm (5 3/4 x 4 1/8 x 3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.146, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.104, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.095, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 444657, "title": "Echoes from Olympus: Reflections of Divinity in Small-Scale Classical Art", "description": "<i>Echoes from Olympus: Reflections of Divinity in Small-Scale Classical Art</i>. University of California, Berkeley. University Art Museum, Berkeley, CA (organizer) (August 15-December 15, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-08-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Echoes from Olympus: The Minot Arts of Classical Antiquity, </em>University of California Art Museum, Berkeley, CA (Aug. 15 - Dec. 15, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-08-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "DeClerq Collection?", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1901?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Mathias Komor, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1972", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This ampulla was likely used to carry oil to the baths in antiquity.", "description": "This bronze bear sits on its hindquarters with its front paws raised, head slightly turned left, and mouth gaping open. It wears a collar around its neck with two rings on either side, where a chain would be passed through to suspend the ampulla. The bear\u2019s head is hinged at the back of the collar to open the vessel, with the lower jaw forming a spout. The eyes were once pierced to prevent an airlock within the ampulla. Bears, like many other animals in antiquity, were used as a form of entertainment, demonstrated here by the bear\u2019s \u201cdancing\u201d pose.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756825"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.102-oil-ampulla-in-the-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1972.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 3 (1973): 63-115.", "page_number": "p. 67", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25093732"}, {"citation": "\"\u00c9tats-Unis Acquisitions des Mus\u00e9es,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts, </em>No. 1249 (Feb. 1973)", "page_number": "p. 105, no. 374", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"A Bronze Menagerie.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 3 (1976): 75-88.", "page_number": "pp. 84-86", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152628"}, {"citation": "\"Recent Acquisitions of American and Canadian Museums.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>XXXVI no. 1/2 (Spring/Summer 1976).", "page_number": "p. 112 & 121", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n48"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39; Mentioned: p. 39, p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Horn, Martina. \"Bears in Early and Middle Byzantine art (330-1204)\" in Grimm, Oliver ed. <em>Bear and Human: Facets of a Multi-Layered Relationship from Past to Recent Times, with Emphasis on Northern Europe: A Volume Based on Papers Presented at a Conference at Orsa Predator Park, Dalarna, Sweden, Oct. 16th to 18th, 2019.</em> Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 1041, reproduced p. 1059, fig 30.1", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1484/M.TANE-EB.5.134377"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.102", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.102/1972.102_web.jpg", "width": "851", "height": "900", "filesize": "164238", "filename": "1972.102_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.102/1972.102_print.jpg", 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"height": "893", "filesize": "618468"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.102/1972.102_alt7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2643", "filesize": "5002473"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.102/1972.102_alt7_full.tif", "width": "5270", "height": "4096", "filesize": "64778732"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:31:37", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "9dc61bc9825e4a878d27db22e7306076", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/9dc61bc9825e4a878d27db22e7306076", "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 146236, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-07-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "200s CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:59.724000"}, {"id": 150036, "accession_number": "1980.25", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ascetic Holding a Skull, c. 500 CE. China, Northern Wei dynasty (386-534). Gilt bronze; overall: 19.4 cm (7 5/8 in.); figure: 18.1 cm (7 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1980.25", "current_location": "241C Chinese Buddhist Sculptures", "title": "Ascetic Holding a Skull", "creation_date": "c. 500 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 450, "creation_date_latest": 550, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Northern Wei dynasty (386-534)"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Northern Dynasties", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 19.4 cm (7 5/8 in.); Figure: 18.1 cm (7 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.194, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "figure": {"height": 0.181, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1980</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Chinese Art</em>. Burlington House, Royal Academy of Arts, London, England (November 28, 1935-March 7, 1936).", "opening_date": "1935-11-28T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Golden Gate International Exposition</em>. San Francisco, CA (February 18-October 29, 1939). cat. no. 61", "opening_date": "1939-02-18T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "Fogg Museum of Art (1939\u201345).", "opening_date": "1939-01-02T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Major General Sir Neill Malcolm [1869\u20131953], London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1935\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131980", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This grimacing figure has a potbelly protruding between the hem of his short jacket and fringed skirt (<em>dhoti</em>).", "description": "The figure holding the skull has been identified as Mrgasirsa, who sought Buddha\u2019s teaching on how to determine the karma and transmigration of the arhats. Mrgasirsa appears with Vasistha in some of the wall paintings of the Mogao grottoes in Dunhuang.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740753"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.25-ascetic-holding-a-sk"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Spendlove, F. St. George, ed. C<em>atalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, 1935-6</em>. London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 552, pp. 39, 52", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sir\u00e9n, Osvald. \u201cThe Sculptures in the Chinese Exhibition in London.\u201d <em>Parnassus</em> 8, no. 2 (February 1936): 4\u201339.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/771320"}, {"citation": "Davidson, J. Leroy. \u201cA Problem in Skulls.\u201d <em>Parnassus</em> 11, no. 1 (January 1939): 33\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 33", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/771773"}, {"citation": "<em>Octagon </em>vol. XVII, no. 1 (Spring 1980).", "page_number": "p. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 6 (June 1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202, no. 288; Mentioned: p. 218, no. 288", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report for 1980.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 7 (July 1981): 223\u2013266.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 235", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159734"}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662. <em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xiang</em> [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf= Chinese art in overseas collections. Buddhist sculpture]. Taibei Shi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sun, Di \u5b59\u8fea, editor. <em>Zhongguo liu shi hai wai Fo jiao zao xiang zong he tu mu</em> [\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u5931\u6d77\u5916\u4f5b\u6559\u9020\u50cf\u603b\u5408\u56fe\u76ee= Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Buddhist Statues in Overseas Collections]. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "vol. 1, p. 152", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.25", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.25/1980.25_web.jpg", "width": "733", "height": "893", "filesize": "52091", "filename": "1980.25_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.25/1980.25_print.jpg", "width": "2791", "height": "3400", "filesize": "664420", "filename": "1980.25_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.25/1980.25_full.tif", "width": "4783", "height": "5825", "filesize": "83604912", "filename": "1980.25_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.25/1980.25_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "893", "filesize": "50061"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.25/1980.25_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2794", "height": "3400", "filesize": "661163"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.25/1980.25_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4831", "height": "5877", "filesize": "85197360"}, "date_created": "2012-09-24T15:49:40", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150036, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-05-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 450, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 500 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:44:35.338000"}, {"id": 118663, "accession_number": "1939.670", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Various Sketches of the Madonna and Child (recto); Architectural Studies (verso) [partially visible on recto], c. 1570. Paolo Veronese (Italian, 1528\u20131588). Pen and brown ink (iron gall) and brush and brown wash; sheet: 20.5 x 23.4 cm (8 1/16 x 9 3/16 in.); secondary support: 22 x 28.2 cm (8 11/16 x 11 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Robert Hays Gries, 1939.670", "current_location": null, "title": "Various Sketches of the Madonna and Child (recto); Architectural Studies (verso) [partially visible on recto]", "creation_date": "c. 1570", "creation_date_earliest": 1565, "creation_date_latest": 1575, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink (iron gall) and brush and brown wash", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 20.5 x 23.4 cm (8 1/16 x 9 3/16 in.); Secondary Support: 22 x 28.2 cm (8 11/16 x 11 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.205, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.234, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.22, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.282, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 347295, "title": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters", "description": "<i>Drawings by Old Italian Masters</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 5, 1940-February 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355427, "title": "Veronese and His Studio in North American Collections", "description": "<i>Veronese and His Studio in North American Collections</i>. Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL (organizer) (October 1-November 15, 1972); Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, Montgomery, AL (December 2-31, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304379, "title": "The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles", "description": "<i>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 6-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355398, "title": "Veronese: Painter and Craftsman", "description": "<i>Veronese: Painter and Craftsman</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (November 13, 1988-February 20, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311462, "title": "Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650", "description": "<i>Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 20, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-08-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly the Durazzo family, Venice", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. Daniel Huebsch, Cleveland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Robert Hays Gries (1900-1966), Cleveland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1939", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sheet of paper was a more vibrant, pure blue when the drawing was made; aging has rendered the color of the sheet closer to a green-gray.", "description": "In the last decades of his career, Paolo Veronese and his workshop produced a number of idyllic visions of the Holy Family in repose in the countryside during their flight into Egypt. This crowded sheet of loose, lively sketches was recently proposed to have inaugurated an intensive period of interest in this subject that began around 1570. The sheet shows two horizontal rows with eight versions of the seated Virgin holding the Christ Child, in some of the sketches accompanied by the infant John the Baptist or Joseph, and in one by a donkey. The sheet presents an unusual case of being preparatory not for paintings, but for finished chiaroscuro drawings, now in London, Berlin, and Cambridge, MA. While the individual sketches may appear at first glance a mass of tangled lines and confused forms, such pen and ink drawings demonstrate the Venetian artist's restless creative energy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80013685"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1939.670-various-sketches-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Scholz, Janos. \"Italian Drawings in the Art Museum of Princeton University.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 109, no. 770 (May 1967): 290 + 292-299.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 296, note 34", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/875302"}, {"citation": "Rosand, David. \"Three Drawings by Paolo Veronese.\" <em>Pantheon</em> 29 (May-June 1971): 203-209.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 204, 206-209; Reproduced: p. 206, n. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clayton, Stephen W, edited. <em>Veronese &amp; His Studio In North American Collections</em>. [Birmingham, AL.]: [Birmingham Museum of Art], 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7; Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shapley, Fern Rusk. <em>Paintings from the Samuel H. Kress Collection: Italian Schools</em>, vol. 3. London: Phaidon Press for the Samuel H. Kress Foundation, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio. <em>Veronese</em>, vol. 1. Venice: Alfieri, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 169, under n. A5; Reproduced: n. 722", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cocke, Richard. \"Veronese's Independent Chiaroscuro Drawings.\" <em>Master Drawings </em>15, no. 3 (Autumn 1977): 259-268 + 295-309.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 263, note 22", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1553441"}, {"citation": "Armenini, Giovanni Battista. <em>On the True Precepts of the Art of Painting</em>. Translated and edited by Edward J. Olszewski. New York: B. Franklin, 1977.", "page_number": "Reproduced: n. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 27-28, under n. 19; Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., and Jane Glaubinger. <em>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 18, 75, 109, 119, 135-136, under n. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cocke, Richard.<em> Veronese's Drawings: A Catalogue Raisonne</em>. London: Sotheby Publications, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 21, 28, 71, 95-96, 103, 111; Reproduced: p. 102, n. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rearick, William R. <em>The Art of Paolo Veronese, 1528-1588</em>. Washington D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 94-95, under n. 46; Reproduced: p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bettagno, Alessandro. <em>Paolo Veronese, disegni e dipinti</em>. Vicenza: Neri Pozza, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 57, under n. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pignatti, Terisio, and Filippo Pedrocco. <em>Veronese</em>, vol. 2. Milan: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 504, under n. A3", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 6, 44-45, 285; Reproduced: P. 45, cat. no.12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., edited. <em>A Corpus of Drawings in Midwestern Collections: Sixteenth-Century Italian Drawings</em>, vol. 2. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 489-491, under n. 387; Reproduced: p. 489, n. 387", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brilliant, Virginia, et al. <em>Paolo Veronese: A Master and His Workshop in Renaissance Venice</em>. London: Scala, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 169, n. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosand, David. <em>V\u00e9ron\u00e8se</em>. Translated by Odile Menegaux and Renaud Temperini. Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 328, 332; Reproduced: p. 330, n. 282", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brilliant, Virginia, et al. Paolo Veronese: A Master and His Workshop in Renaissance Venice. London, England: Scala, 2012.", "page_number": "cat. 34; pp. 167-69, 202-03, 267", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1939.670", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.670/1939.670_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "701", "filesize": "237028", "filename": "1939.670_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.670/1939.670_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2648", "filesize": "2756171", "filename": "1939.670_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.670/1939.670_full.tif", "width": "6217", "height": "4842", "filesize": "90336804", "filename": "1939.670_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Robert Hays Gries", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 118663, "creators": [{"id": 2362, "description": "Paolo Veronese (Italian, 1528\u20131588)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1528", "death_year": "1588", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1939-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1565, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1570", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Studies of the Virgin and Child with Sts. John the Baptist and Joseph"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:08:30.095000"}, {"id": 135658, "accession_number": "1959.188", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Talatat: Portrait of Nefertiti, c. 1353\u20131347 BCE. Egypt, Karnak, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Akhenaten (1351\u20131334 BCE). Painted sandstone; overall: 22 x 22.7 cm (8 11/16 x 8 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1959.188", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Talatat: Portrait of Nefertiti", "creation_date": "c. 1353\u20131347 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1353, "creation_date_latest": -1347, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Karnak, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18, reign of Akhenaten (1351\u20131334 BCE)"], "technique": "painted sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 22 x 22.7 cm (8 11/16 x 8 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.22, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.227, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 445120, "title": "Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Art from the Age of the Sun King", "description": "<i>Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Art from the Age of the Sun King</i>. The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (organizer) (September 17-November 25, 1973); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (December 19, 1973-February 28, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 229786, "title": "Exposition Akh\u00e9naton", "description": "<i>Exposition Akh\u00e9naton</i>. Mus\u00e9e d'art et d'histoire, Gen\u00e9ve 3, Switzerland (organizer) (October 16, 2008-February 1, 2009); Fondazione Palazzo Bricherasio, Turin, Italy (February 26-June 14, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-16T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Akhenaten and Nefertiti, </em>The Brooklyn Museum of Art, Brooklyn, NY (September 17-November 25, 1973); The Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit, MI (December 19, 1973-Febuary 28, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-09-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Paul Mallon, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1959", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1959-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": "East Karnak", "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This relief comes from the short end of a talatat, a limestone block of standardized size used during the 18th Dynasty reign of the Pharaoh Akhenaten in the building of the Aton temples at Karnak and Akhetaten. The standardized size and their small weight made construction more efficient.", "description": "The son of Amenhotep III, Akenhaten, brought about the short-lived \"monotheistic\" revolution in Egyptian religion near the end of Dynasty 18. The young king constructed a temple complex to the Aten, the Sun Disk, at Karnak\u2014from which this relief comes\u2014before he moved his capital to El Amarna. For reasons yet unknown, the figure of the Queen Nefertiti appears in these reliefs far more often that that of the king. Ironically, the Aten temples were dismantled to be used as foundations and fill for additions to the Great Temple of Amun, whom the Aten had briefly displaced.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80029122"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.188-talatat-portrait-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \"An Obsession with Heads: The Impact of African Arts, Anthropology, and Photography on the Works of Alberto Giacometti,\" <em>Medium </em>(May 2022).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/an-obsession-with-heads-968e8e8c2d30"}, {"citation": "\"Annual Report for the Year 1959.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 47, no. 6 (1960).", "page_number": "p. 132", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142399"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Martha L. Carter<em>. Egyptian Art, the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 11, pl. 12, cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/EgyptianArt_80670"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966. Published as: <em>Akh-en-Aten.</em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n28"}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"Amarna Art in the Cleveland Museum.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 1 (1968).", "page_number": "pp. 7-8, cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152189"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969. Published as: <em>Akhenaten.</em>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Adele Zeidman Silver. <em>Guide to the Galleries. </em>1971.", "page_number": "unpaginated", "url": null}, {"citation": "Porter, Bertha, Rosalind Louisa Beaufort Moss, and Ethel W. Burney. <em>Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings II</em>, II. Oxford [etc.]: Clarendon Press, 1972.", "page_number": "p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aldred, Cyril. <em>Akhenaten and Nefertiti; [Catalog of an Exhibition Celebrating the 150th Anniversary of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences].</em> New York: Brooklyn Museum in association with the Viking Press, 1973.", "page_number": "no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"Nefertiti, Beloved of the Living Disk.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 9 (1977).", "page_number": "pp. 291-92, fig. 6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159548"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n35"}, {"citation": "Aldred, Cyril.<em> Akhenaten, King of Egypt.</em> New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 1988.", "page_number": "pl. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 243", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.188", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.188/1959.188_web.jpg", "width": "1015", "height": "893", "filesize": "704822", "filename": "1959.188_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.188/1959.188_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2992", "filesize": "7550135", "filename": "1959.188_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.188/1959.188_full.tif", "width": "4472", "height": "3936", "filesize": "52838812", "filename": "1959.188_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.188/1959.188_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "965", "height": "893", "filesize": "709675"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.188/1959.188_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3145", "filesize": "8270639"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.188/1959.188_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4192", "height": "3877", "filesize": "48790496"}, "date_created": "2007-06-19T16:01:49", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135658, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-06-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1353, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1353\u20131347 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:55:57.011000"}, {"id": 154216, "accession_number": "1988.34", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Standing Amitabha (\uae08\ub3d9\uc544\ubbf8\ud0c0\uc5ec\ub798\uc785\uc0c1 [\uf90a\u9285\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u5982\u4f86\uf9f7]), 800s. Korea, Unified Silla period (676-935). Gilt bronze; overall: 25.4 cm (10 in.); with tang: 26 cm (10 1/4 in.). 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Hanna Jr. Fund, 1988.34", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Standing Amitabha", "title_in_original_language": "\uae08\ub3d9\uc544\ubbf8\ud0c0\uc5ec\ub798\uc785\uc0c1 [\uf90a\u9285\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u5982\u4f86\uf9f7]", "creation_date": "800s", "creation_date_earliest": 800, "creation_date_latest": 899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Unified Silla period (676-935)"], "technique": "gilt bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 25.4 cm (10 in.); with tang: 26 cm (10 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.254, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "with tang": {"height": 0.26, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310246, "title": "The Year in Review for 1988", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1988</i>. 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Ellsworth [1929\u20132014], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131988", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "June 9, 1988\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This Korean statue has a stylistic affinity with statues from the Indian Gupta period (300s\u2013500s CE) that emphasize soft modeling and naturalism.", "description": "Buddhist teachings emphasize the pursuit of spirituality, rather than physicality, to achieve enlightenment. This statue\u2019s artist, however, made genuine efforts to represent the divine\u2019s beautiful voluminous body. Inspired by Indian Gupta period art (300s\u2013500s CE), this particular artistic style emphasizing soft modeling and naturalism was further developed in China and flourished across East Asia.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757056"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1988.34-standing-amitabha"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1988.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 76, no. 2 (February 1989): 30\u201375.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39; mentioned: p. 75, no. 229", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160061"}, {"citation": "Kang, U-bang. <em>Hangung bulgyo jogang ui heureum </em>[\ud55c\uad6d \ubd88\uad50 \uc870\uac01 \uc758 \ud750\ub984]. Soeul: Daewonsa, 1995.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Michael R. Cunningham. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art; New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 231", "url": null}, {"citation": "Washizuka, Hiromitsu, Youngbok Park, U-bang Kang, and Naomi Noble Richard. <em>Transmitting the Forms of Divinity: Early Buddhist Art from Korea and Japan</em>. New York: Japan Society, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 49, pp. 284\u2013285", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Korean art from the United States </em>[\ubbf8\uad6d, \ud55c\uad6d \ubbf8\uc220 \uc744 \ub9cc\ub098\ub2e4]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: ex. cat. no. 70, pp. 164\u2013165", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, So-young, and Denise Patry Leidy. <em>Silla: Korea's Golden Kingdom</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 248", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cho, Chi-yun, and Seunghye Yi. Semilgagwi : Hangungmisurui Pumgyeok [\uc138\ubc00\uac00\uadc0 : \ud55c\uad6d\ubbf8\uc220\uc758 \ud488\uaca9]<em> = Exquisite and precious: the splendor of Korean art.</em> Seoul: Samsung Museum Leeum, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 147, no. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces of Early Buddhist Sculpture</em> [\uace0\ub300\ubd88\uad50\uc870\uac01\ub300\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2015.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Gwak, Dong-seok. <em>Hanguk ui geumdongbul </em>[\ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \uae08\ub3d9\ubd88] . Seoul: Dareun sesang, 2016.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi, Ji-kang. \"A Study on the 'Gilt-Bronze Standing Buddha.' from the Bori-sa Temple Site, Uiryeong [\uc758\ub839 \ubcf4\ub9ac\uc0ac\uc9c0 \uae08\ub3d9\uc5ec\ub798\uc785\uc0c1 \uc5f0\uad6c].\" <em>Korean Journal of Art History</em>, no. 292 (December 2016): 5-27.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Journal/ArticleDetail/NODE07088069"}, {"citation": "Nelson, Sarah. <em>Gyeongju: The Capital of Golden Silla</em>. Routledge, 2019.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. 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Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 154216, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1988-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:58:30.591000"}, {"id": 538229, "accession_number": "2023.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Stamnos (Mixing/Storage Vessel): Komos (Musicians and Revelers), c. 435\u2013425 BCE. Attributed to Kleophon Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 440\u2013410 BCE). Ceramic; height: 40.4 cm (15 7/8 in.); diameter of foot: 13.8 cm (5 7/16 in.); diameter of mouth: 23.5 cm (9 1/4 in.); width with handles: 39 cm (15 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2023.3", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Red-Figure Stamnos (Mixing/Storage Vessel): Komos (Musicians and Revelers)", "creation_date": "c. 435\u2013425 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -440, "creation_date_latest": -420, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": [], "technique": "Ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "height: 40.4 cm (15 7/8 in.); Diameter of foot: 13.8 cm (5 7/16 in.); Diameter of mouth: 23.5 cm (9 1/4 in.); width with handles: 39 cm (15 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"height": {"height": 0.404, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.138, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.235, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "width with handles": {"width": 0.39, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u039a \u0391 \u039b \u039f \u03a3", "inscription_translation": "(\u201cbeautiful\u201d [lambda and sigma partially lost])", "inscription_remark": "ancient inscriptions on side A: above second figure", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u039a \u0391 \u039b \u039f [\u03a3]", "inscription_translation": "\u201cbeautiful,\u201d sigma lost", "inscription_remark": "Side A above fourth figure", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "black '080'", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Under foot, 1909 (De Morgan sale cat. no.) or 680 (Walker Art Gallery old inv. no.)", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "black 'WF2'", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "under foot, Walker Foundation 2", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "black '0.19'", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Under foot, ?", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "red '09.6'", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "Under foot, Walker Art Center acc. no", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "partially removed red and white sticker, with number blacked out", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "under foot", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Greek Vases</em>, University Gallery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, (9 February \u2013 31 March 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "On loan to the Walker Art Gallery, subsequently the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, acc. no. 09.6, old inv. no. 680.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "On loan to the University Gallery, University of Minnesota, inv. no. L1972.1.2.", "opening_date": "1972-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henri De Morgan (1854-1909), New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sale: Fifth Avenue Art Galleries, New York, Catalogue of Greek Vases and Antique Iridescent Glass Cameos, Intaglios, and Silver Coins Selected and Catalogued by H. De Morgan, January 16th, 1909, no. 80", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "January 16, 1909", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Thomas Barlow Walker (1840-1928), Minneapolis, Minnesota", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1909-", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The T.B. Walker Foundation (founded 1925), Minneapolis, inv. no. WF2", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Sale: Sotheby's New York, December 15, 2016, Lot 66", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 15, 2016", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Ariadne Demirjian LLC, Connecticut, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2016-2023", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2023-", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Athenian stamnos, a shape favored by the Etruscans, was made primarily for export.", "description": "Four lively figures move to the right across the front side of this stamnos, a vase used for storing and mixing wine. First comes a finely dressed woman playing the pipes, followed by three male figures, all nearly nude. The bearded one holds a drinking cup and reaches back, perhaps dancing, while the last in line concentrates on the music of his lyre.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117260847"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2023.3-red-figure-stamnos-m"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database (BAPD), </em>University of Oxford Classical Art Research Centre.", "page_number": "no. 215150", "url": "https://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/XDB/ASP/recordDetails.asp?id={0B8DC936-1541-465F-8A91-8D310B8E0170}&noResults=1&recordCount=1&databaseID={12FC52A7-0E32-4A81-9FFA-C8C6CF430677}&search=%20{AND}%20215150"}, {"citation": "Fifth Avenue Art Galleries (New York, N.Y.), and Henri de Morgan. <em>Catalogue of [His Selection of] Greek Vases: Also Antique Iridescent Glass Cameos Intaglios and Silver Coins</em>. New York: Fifth Avenue Art Galleries, 1909.", "page_number": "no. 80 (illustrated pl. 4, following no. 125)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D.<em> Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 1144, no. 10, and 1684", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Philippaki, Barbara.<em> The Attic Stamnos</em>. Oxford: Clarendon P., 1967.", "page_number": "p. 135, no. 6, pl. 59.1 (side A)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brijder, H. A. G. \u201cThe Six Donation in the Allard Pierson Museum: A Stamnos by the Kleophon Painter,\u201d <em>BABESCH Annual Papers on Mediterranean Archaeology</em> 45 (1970).", "page_number": "pp. 50-67 (see pp. 63 [fig. 26 (side B)], 67 [Appendix])", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Felten, Florens. <em>Thanatos- und Kleophonmaler; weissgrundige und rotfigurige Vasenmalerei der Parthenonzeit</em>. [Mu\u0308nchen]: W. Fink, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 46.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Isler-Kerenyi, C. 1973. \u201cChronologie und \u2018Synchronologie\u2019 attischer Vasenmaler der Parthenonzeit,\u201d <em>Antike Kunst</em> Beiheft 9.", "page_number": "pp. 23-33 (mentioned p. 29)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "University of Minnesota. <em>Greek Vases.</em> [Minneapolis]: University Gallery, University of Minnesota, 1981.", "page_number": "p. 16, no. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Matheson, Susan B. <em>Polygnotos and Vase Painting in Classical Athens</em>. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 408, cat. no. KL 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Ancient Egyptian Sculpture &amp; Works of Art: And a Selection of Greek Vases Sold to Benefit the Walker Art Center.</em> 2016.", "page_number": "pp. 76-77, lot 66 (sides A, B, B-A)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pevnick, Seth. \"A Newly Acquired Ancient Greek Vase,\" <em>CMA Thinker Blog</em>, May 26, 2023.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/a-newly-acquired-ancient-greek-vase-8ac4361a3b43"}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Newly Purchased Greek Vase Shows Cleveland Museum of Art Still Committed to Buying Antiquities with Clear Provenance,\" <em>The Plain Dealer </em>and cleveland.com, September 24, 2023.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.cleveland.com/news/2023/09/newly-purchased-greek-vase-shows-cleveland-museum-of-art-still-committed-to-buying-antiquities-with-clear-provenance.html"}, {"citation": "Lemonedes Brown, Heather. \"Noteworthy and New: Three highlights from the year's acquisitions.\u201d 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.3/2023.3_alt10_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3142", "filesize": "1721540"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.3/2023.3_alt10_full.tif", "width": "11125", "height": "10281", "filesize": "343157940"}, "date_created": "2023-02-16T22:48:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.3/2023.3_alt11_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "819", "filesize": "209794"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.3/2023.3_alt11_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3095", "filesize": "1491773"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2023.3/2023.3_alt11_full.tif", "width": "11399", "height": "10376", "filesize": "354857276"}, "date_created": "2023-02-15T21:41:01", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. John and Helen Collis Family Gallery", "athena_id": 538229, "creators": [{"id": 538227, "description": "Kleophon Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 440\u2013410 BCE)", "extent": "execution", "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "painter", "biography": "Attic vase painter, active ca. 420-390 BCE", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "-460", "death_year": "-360", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2023-03-06T05:00:00Z", "sortable_date": -440, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 435\u2013425 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 09:09:44.287000"}, {"id": 136693, "accession_number": "1961.229", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Mallarme's Swan, 1944. Robert Motherwell (American, 1915\u20131991). Collage using gouache, crayon and paper on cardboard; unframed: 110.5 x 90.2 cm (43 1/2 x 35 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.229. \u00a9  Dedalus Foundation, Inc. / Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": null, "title": "Mallarme's Swan", "creation_date": "1944", "creation_date_earliest": 1944, "creation_date_latest": 1944, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "collage using gouache, crayon and paper on cardboard", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 20th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Unframed: 110.5 x 90.2 cm (43 1/2 x 35 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 1.105, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.902, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Dedalus Foundation, Inc. / Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed upper left:  Motherwell-1944", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520064, "title": "Works of Robert Motherwell", "description": "<i>Works of Robert Motherwell</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (January 10-28, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515856, "title": "Robert Motherwell", "description": "<i>Robert Motherwell</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 29-November 1, 1965); Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, 1070 AB Amsterdam, Netherlands (January 8-20, 1966); Whitechapel Art Gallery, London (January 31-February 28, 1966); Kunsthalle Basel, Basel, Switzerland (March 1-April 1, 1966); Museum Folkwang, 45128 Essen, Germany (July 2-August 14, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-09-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301765, "title": "The Collages of Robert Motherwell", "description": "<i>The Collages of Robert Motherwell</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (organizer) (November 15, 1972-January 14, 1973); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 6-25, 1973); Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (March 14-April 22, 1973); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (May 10-June 24, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-11-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 223106, "title": "In the Beginning was Merz - From Kurt Schwitters to the Present Day", "description": "<i>In the Beginning was Merz - From Kurt Schwitters to the Present Day</i>. Sprengel Museum Hannover (August 16-November 5, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222237, "title": "Robert Motherwell:  Early Collages", "description": "<i>Robert Motherwell:  Early Collages</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (September 27, 2013-January 5, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-09-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Northampton, MA, Smith College Museum of Art, Works of Robert Motherwell, January 10-January 28, 1963, cat. no. 2, repr.", "opening_date": "1963-01-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "also to: Boston, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 11-March 3, 1963.", "opening_date": "1963-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Museum of Modern Art, Robert Motherwell, September 29-November 30, 1965, cat. no. 12, repr. p. 13.", "opening_date": "1965-09-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "also to: Amsterdam, The Stedelijk Museum, January 8-January 20, 1966; London, Whitechapel Gallery; Basel, Kunsthalle; Essen, Museum Folkwang.", "opening_date": "1966-01-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Painting and Sculpture: 1940-1970, October 18, 1969-February 1, 1970, cat. no. 254, repr. pl. p. 93.", "opening_date": "1969-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Houston, The Museum of Fine Arts, The Collages of Robert Motherwell, November 15, 1972-January 15, 1973, cat. no. 54, repr. p. 55 and p. 19.", "opening_date": "1972-11-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "also to: Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, February 6-February 25, 1973; Hartford, CT, The Wadsworth Atheneum, March 14-April 22, 1973; Boston, The Museum of Fine Arts, May 10-June 24, 1973.", "opening_date": "1973-02-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Mexico City, Museo de Arte Moderno, Retrospectiva del gran pinter nortamericano, April-May, 1975, cat. no. 2, repr. p. 10.", "opening_date": "1975-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, NY, The Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Robert Motherwell Retrospective Exhibition, September 15-November 27, 1983, cat. no. 13, repr. p. 125.", "opening_date": "1983-09-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "also to: Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, January 4-March 4, 1984; San Francisco, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, April 7-May 28, 1984; Seattle, Seattle Art Museum, June 22-August 5, 1984; Washington, DC, Corcoran Gallery of Art, September 8-October 28, 1984; New York, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, December 1, 1984-January 31, 1985.", "opening_date": "1984-01-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Robert Motherwell", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Robert Elkon Gallery, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1961", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Robert Motherwell originally titled this work <em>Mallarme's Dream</em>, but artist Joseph Cornell suggested changing it to its present version.", "description": "This drawing is one of several works that Robert Motherwell made in tribute to the French Symbolist poet St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9 (1842\u20131898). A member of the New York School, Motherwell stood out among his contemporaries for his literary references within a movement that otherwise favored pure abstraction. He worked in collage, the process used here, for much of his career, expressively tearing and layering paper and everyday materials.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780975"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n224"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n224"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n270"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>The Spirit of Surrealism</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150, 175; Reproduced: p. 150, no. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018Space and Pictorial Life\u2019 Hans Hofmann\u2019s \u2018Smaragd Red and Germinating Yellow.\u2019\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 5 (September 1985): 310\u201322.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 311, fig. 4", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159910"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 133, no. 43", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Flam, Jack D., Katy Rogers, and Tim Clifford. <em>Motherwell: 100 Years.</em> Milano, Italy: Skira; New York: Dedalus Foundation, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kishi, Mizuki. \"Jackson Pollock's Painting Process and Viewr Participation: With Reference to Dewey's <em>Art as Experience</em>.\" <em>NACT Review</em> 3 (2016): 42-60.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 55, fig. 19", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.229", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136693, "creators": [{"id": 3567, "description": "Robert Motherwell (American, 1915\u20131991)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1915", "death_year": "1991", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1944, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1944", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mallarme's Dream"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:00:46.147000"}, {"id": 123039, "accession_number": "1943.289", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bird Pendant, c. 1000\u20131550. Panama, Veraguas-Chiriqu\u00ed style, 10th-16th century. Cast gold; overall: 5.6 x 6.5 x 2 cm (2 3/16 x 2 9/16 x 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1943.289", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Bird Pendant", "creation_date": "c. 1000\u20131550", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1550, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Panama, Veraguas-Chiriqu\u00ed style, 10th-16th century"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 5.6 x 6.5 x 2 cm (2 3/16 x 2 9/16 x 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.056, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.065, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.02, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219999, "title": "Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (July 16-September 29, 2002); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rouen, Rouen, France (October 24, 2002-January 13, 2003); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, 69001 Lyon, France (February 19-April 29, 2003); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (May 27-August 18, 2003); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (October 26, 2003-January 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2002-07-16T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, (February 23- April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The kinds of birds represented in pendants of the isthmus are not clear, though the emphasis on spread wings and flight suggests birds that soar, such as eagles or hawks. In addition to their aerial agility, they are powerful birds of prey and, therefore, may have symbolized a warrior's or hunter's ferocity and skill. They were also often linked to the sun. Better understanding is difficult because the makers created no written records.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779225"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.289-bird-pendant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mitchell, Jan, and Julie Jones. The Art of Precolumbian Gold: The Jan Mitchell Collection. Boston: Little, Brown and Co, 1985.", "page_number": "110-111", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Art of the Americas. [A Special Exhibition Held in the Museum from Nov. 8, 1945 Through Jan. 6, 1946. 1946.", "page_number": "p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Pre-Columbian Pendants from Panama.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>30, no. 10 (December 1943): 149-152.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146; Mentioned: p. 151", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141093"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.289", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.289/1943.289_web.jpg", "width": "991", "height": "893", "filesize": "418141", "filename": "1943.289_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.289/1943.289_print.jpg", "width": "2555", "height": "2303", "filesize": "1078976", "filename": "1943.289_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.289/1943.289_full.tif", "width": "2555", "height": "2303", "filesize": "17687740", "filename": "1943.289_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.289/1943.289_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1017", "height": "893", "filesize": "510516"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.289/1943.289_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2984", "filesize": "6043527"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.289/1943.289_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2322", "height": "2038", "filesize": "14241832"}, "date_created": "2011-11-07T19:05:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.289/1943.289_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1135", "height": "893", "filesize": "596547"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.289/1943.289_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1952", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1826220"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.289/1943.289_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1952", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8998068"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123039, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1000\u20131550", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Eagle Pendant"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:19:57.848000"}, {"id": 156951, "accession_number": "1993.110", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Statuette of Isis and Horus, 664\u201330 BCE OR 664\u2013330 BCE. Egypt, Late period (715\u2013332 BCE), Dynasty 26 or later. Bronze, solid cast; overall: 22.9 x 5.5 cm (9 x 2 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Harley C. Lee and Elizabeth K. Lee, 1993.110", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Statuette of Isis and Horus", "creation_date": "664\u201330 BCE OR 664\u2013330 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -664, "creation_date_latest": -30, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Late period (715\u2013332 BCE), Dynasty 26 or later"], "technique": "bronze, solid cast", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Late Period", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 22.9 x 5.5 cm (9 x 2 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.229, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.055, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Harley C. Lee and Elizabeth K. Lee, Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1993", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1993-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Originally, the goddess would have been provided with a wooden throne.", "description": "This statuette of Isis and Horus is a better than average example of an extremely common type. Isis offers her breast to her son Horus, who is seated on her lap. With her left hand she cradles the young god, while with her right she clasps her left breast. She wears a striated divine wig, vulture headdress, and uraeus, the details of which are finely incised. Above her are the modius, cow's horns, and a sun disk.<br>Horus sits at a right angle to his mother, his arms at his side. He wears the sidelock of youth and a uraeus. He is nude except for a broad collar and a chain from which is suspended a heart amulet.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760469"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1993.110-statuette-of-isis-an"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201c1993 Annual Report.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (July 1994): 143\u2013218.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 158", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 430", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pinch, Geraldine. <em>Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt.</em> Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 70, fig. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cole, Herbert M. <em>Maternity: Mothers and Children in the Arts of Africa</em>. <br>Brussels : Mercatorfonds, 2017", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40, fig. 29; mentioned: p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Motherhood across Time</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1993.110", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.110/1993.110_web.jpg", "width": "603", "height": "893", "filesize": "235009", "filename": "1993.110_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.110/1993.110_print.jpg", "width": "2297", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3638926", "filename": "1993.110_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.110/1993.110_full.tif", "width": "3047", "height": "4511", "filesize": "41265520", "filename": "1993.110_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Harley C. Lee and Elizabeth K. Lee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 156951, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1993-09-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -664, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "664\u201330 BCE OR 664\u2013330 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:09:55.390000"}, {"id": 108878, "accession_number": "1926.549", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Column Krater (Mixing Vessel): Komos (Revel), c. 470\u2013460 BCE. Attributed to Pig Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 480\u2013460 BCE). Ceramic; diameter: 40.6 cm (16 in.); overall: 42.5 cm (16 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The A. W. Ellenberger, Sr., Endowment Fund, 1926.549", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Red-Figure Column Krater (Mixing Vessel): Komos (Revel)", "creation_date": "c. 470\u2013460 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -475, "creation_date_latest": -455, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 40.6 cm (16 in.); Overall: 42.5 cm (16 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.406, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "overall": {"height": 0.425, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 521021, "title": "Greek and Roman Art", "description": "<i>Greek and Roman Art</i>. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (organizer) (February 15-March 12, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 227032, "title": "Die Griechische Klassik: Idee oder Wirklichkeit", "description": "<i>Die Griechische Klassik: Idee oder Wirklichkeit</i>. Martin Gropius Bau, Berlin, Germany (March 1-June 2, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-03-01T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. Mario de Ciccio, Naples, Italy, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1926", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "These three bearded men wear earrings and Eastern-style headdresses\u2014unusual features in fifth-century BC Athens.", "description": "Used for mixing wine and water at a symposium (drinking party), this vase bears images of <em>komasts</em>, or revelers, potentially mirroring the actions of its users. The three bearded men on side A stand out for their earrings, long drapery, and Eastern-style headdresses, and for the parasol held by one. Similar features have been noticed on numerous other red-figure vases, now called \u201cAnakreontic\u201d by scholars. This name refers to Anakreon, a 6th-century BC lyric poet from East Greece sometimes credited with inventing the <em>barbitos</em>, the long-stringed lyre played by the central figure on side A. The youths on side B, one draped, two nude and dancing, are less unusual.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745863"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.549-red-figure-column-kr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 206434", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/5E64621B-F05C-4442-993A-718AD277C8A6"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n78"}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D. <em>Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters, </em>First Edition. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1942.", "page_number": "P. 379, no. 30 (Agrigento Painter).", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Beazley, J. D. <em>Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters</em>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 563, No. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg.<em> Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 16, Plates 25-26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burn, Lucilla, Ruth Glynn, and J. D. <em>Beazley. Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 &amp; Paralipomena.</em> Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum. <em>Greek vases in the J. Paul Getty Museum.</em> Malibu, Calif: The Museum, 1983.", "page_number": "p. 62, Fig. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Be\u0301rard, Claude, Christiane Bron, and Alessandra Pomari. <em>Images Et Socie\u0301te\u0301 En Gre\u0300ce Ancienne: L'iconographie Comme Me\u0301thode D'analyse : Actes Du Colloque International, Lausanne 8-11 Fe\u0301vrier 1984.</em> [Lausanne]: Institut d'arche\u0301ologie et d'histoire ancienne, Universite\u0301 de Lausanne, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 107, Fig.10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carpenter, Thomas H., J. D. Beazley, Thomas Mannack, Melanie Mendonc\u0327a, and Lucilla Burn. <em>Beazley Addenda: Additional References to ABV, ARV\u00b2 &amp; Paralipomena. </em>Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 260", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maas, Martha, and Jane McIntosh Snyder.<em> Stringed Instruments of Ancient Greece. </em>New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 135, Fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lissarrague, F. <em>The aesthetics of the Greek banquet: images of wine and ritual</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "p. 12, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Driscoll, Ann. \"The Pig Painter: Parties, Poets, and Pollaiuolo.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 3 (1993): 83-111.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89-90, 101; Mentioned: p. 83-111", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161392"}, {"citation": "Delavaud-Roux, Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne. \"L'\u00c9nigme Des Danseurs Barbus au Parasol et Les Vases \u00ab Des Leneennes \u00bb.\" <em>Revue Arch\u00e9ologique</em>, no. 2 (1995)", "page_number": "p. 234, fig. 10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41737823"}, {"citation": "Zanker, Paul.<em> Die Maske des Sokrates: Das Bild des Intellektuellen in der antiken Kunst.</em> Mu\u0308nchen: C.H. Beck, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 32, Fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boardman, John. <em>The History of Greek Vases: Potters, Painters, and Pictures.</em> New York, N.Y.: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2001.", "page_number": "p. 222, Fig. 240", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martin-Gropius-Bau (Berlin, Germany), Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, and Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz. <em>Die griechische Klassik: Idee oder Wirklichkeit</em> : eine Ausstellung im Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, 1. Ma\u0308rz - 2. Juni 2002 und in der Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn, 5. Juli - 6. Oktober 2002 [i.e. 12. Juli - 13. Oktober 2002]. Mainz: Zabern, 2002.", "page_number": "cat. no. 171, p. 282", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bundrick, Sheramy D. <em>Music and Image in Classical Athens. </em>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 86, Fig. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pant\u00f2, Gabriella, Valentina Barberis, Angela Deodato, Gian Battista Garbarino, Patrizia Petitti, Maria Cristina Preacco, and Anna Maria Riccomini.<em> I modi dell'Eros: reperti archeologici a tema erotico del Museo di Antichit\u00e0 di Torino.</em> Torino: Edizioni Nautilius, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bierl, Anton, Nils Bu\u0308ttner, Kordelia Knoll, Bernhard Maaz, Sebastian Oesinghaus, Ernst Osterkamp, Michael Philipp, Stephan F. Schro\u0308der, and Saskia Wetzig. <em>Dionysos: Rausch und Ekstase</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "p. 29, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heinemann, Alexander. <em>Der Gott des Gelages: Dionysos, Satyrn und Ma\u0308naden auf attischem Trinkgeschirr des 5. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. </em>Berlin: De Gruyter, 2016.", "page_number": "p. 89, Fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petrakova, Anna. \u201cA Youth in a Bonnet in Attic Red-Figure: New Case \u2013 New Sense?\u201d In <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum, \u00d6sterreich, Beiheft 3: Griechische Vasen Als Medium F\u00fcr Kommunikation. Ausgew\u00e4hlte Aspekte. Akten Des Internationalen Symposiums Im Kunsthistorischen Museum Wien, 5.\u20137. Oktober 2017</em>, edited by Claudia Lang-Auinger and Elisabeth Trinkl, NED-New edition, 1., 133\u201346. Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced p. 138, Fig. 5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1z7kj1z.14"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.549", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.549/1926.549_web.jpg", "width": "704", "height": "893", "filesize": "397216", "filename": "1926.549_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.549/1926.549_print.jpg", "width": "2682", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5503545", "filename": "1926.549_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.549/1926.549_full.tif", "width": "4042", "height": "5125", "filesize": "62166816", "filename": "1926.549_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.549/1926.549_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "893", "filesize": "371619"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.549/1926.549_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2612", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5227024"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.549/1926.549_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4042", "height": "5261", "filesize": "63815960"}, "date_created": "2009-11-13T16:16:49", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The A. W. Ellenberger, Sr., Endowment Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108878, "creators": [{"id": 10960, "description": "Pig Painter (Greek, Attic, active c. 480\u2013460 BCE)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-12-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 470\u2013460 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:21.936000"}, {"id": 117767, "accession_number": "1938.388", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Flying Angel (recto); Studies of Hands Playing Instruments (verso), 1723\u201327. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Black chalk heightened with traces of white chalk; sheet: 56.3 x 42.6 cm (22 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.388", "current_location": null, "title": "A Flying Angel (recto); Studies of Hands Playing Instruments (verso)", "creation_date": "1723\u201327", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1727, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "black chalk heightened with traces of white chalk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 56.3 x 42.6 cm (22 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.563, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.426, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356657, "title": "Life in Eighteenth Century Venice", "description": "<i>Life in Eighteenth Century Venice</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (April 20-June 15, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361625, "title": "Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy", "description": "<i>Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (January 1-31, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>18th Century Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356669, "title": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition", "description": "<i>Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (November 20, 1983-February 26, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356672, "title": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century", "description": "<i>The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 15-December 14, 1994); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 29-April 23, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Italico Brass [1870-1943], Venice, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nov. 1938.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Venetian blue paper (<em>carta azzurra</em>) of this sheet was the preferred medium for preparatory drawings among artists in Venice at the time this drawing was made.", "description": "This drawing was completed in preparation for the most prestigious religious commission of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta\u2019s career, the ceiling painting of the <em>Glory of St. Dominic</em> for the church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo in Venice. Both the finished painting, which depicts St. Dominic\u2019s arrival in heaven amid a thundery vortex, and Piazzetta\u2019s study for the angel, who carries St. Dominic on a cloud, depart from Venetian tradition. To execute this airborne subject, he likely drew from wax or clay models suspended in midair in order to study the illusionistic <em>di sotto in su </em>(from below to above) perspective and the play of light found on the angel\u2019s shadowed form. He worked out the angel\u2019s twisting pose, imbuing it with a lively sense of movement, and accentuated the drapery\u2019s folds with heavy lines as though considering their visibility from afar. There are only slight changes in the angel\u2019s pose between this drawing and the completed painting. As few of Piazzetta\u2019s preparatory studies for paintings exist, Cleveland\u2019s sheet offers rare insight to the artist\u2019s working methods.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80012475"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.388-a-flying-angel-recto"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cCleveland: A Museum\u2019s New Acquisitions.\u201d <em>The Art News </em>38, no. 40 (1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Millikan, William M. \u201cTwo Drawings by Piazzetta.\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine </em>76, no. 444 (1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 88-89, pl. C", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Drawings by Piazzetta.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 27, no. 7 (1940): 108-109.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fogg Museum of Art. <em>Venice in the Eighteenth Century (May 7- June 10, 1948).</em> Cambridge: Harvard University, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cExhibition of Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy.\u201d <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin</em> 8, no. 2 (1951).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 54, no. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56; Reproduced: p. 54, fig. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jones, Leslie. \u201cThe Paintings of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta.\u201d Doctoral diss., New York University, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo and Adriano Mariuz.<em> L\u2019opera completa del Piazzetta</em>. Milan: Rizzoli Editore, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 84 no. 37a, p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knox, George, and Giovanni Battista Piazzetta. <em>Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition of Drawings, Prints, and Books</em>. 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, cat. no. 15, Reproduced: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Puglisi, Catherine R. \u201cPiazzetta\u2019s Glory of Saint Dominic.\u201d <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell\u2019Arte</em> 41 (1987).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 210, p. 15 n. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. <em>The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century</em>. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 166, 480, no. 87.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scir\u00e9, Giovanna Nepi, et al. <em>Splendori del Settecento Veneziano</em>. Milan: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 199, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aikema, Bernard. <em>Tiepolo and His Circle: Drawings in American Collections</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Art Museums, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 91, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aikema, Bernard. <em>Tiepolo and His Circle: Drawings in American Collections</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Art Museums, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 4, 60-61, 86; Reproduced: P. 61, cat. no. 20", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.388", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388/1938.388_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "592", "filesize": "177573", "filename": "1938.388_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388/1938.388_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2237", "filesize": "3099663", "filename": "1938.388_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388/1938.388_full.tif", "width": "18902", "height": "12439", "filesize": "705394986", "filename": "1938.388_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388/1938.388_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "900", "filesize": "220075"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388/1938.388_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2672", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3835852"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388/1938.388_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3266", "height": "4156", "filesize": "40745632"}, "date_created": "2015-02-27T18:47:52", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117767, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201327", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Angel"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:06:00.335000"}, {"id": 111807, "accession_number": "1930.328.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dancers and Musicians from Phrygia, 1\u2013100 CE. Pakistan, Gandhara, Buner area, early Kushan period. Schist; overall: 17.1 x 44.5 cm (6 3/4 x 17 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1930.328.1", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Dancers and Musicians from Phrygia", "creation_date": "1\u2013100 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Pakistan, Gandhara, Buner area, early Kushan period"], "technique": "schist", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Gandhara", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 17.1 x 44.5 cm (6 3/4 x 17 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.171, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.445, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 355338, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Music in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2, 1945-February 4, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-10-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309889, "title": "Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India", "description": "<i>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 213499, "title": "Dancing to the Flute: Music and Dance in Indian Art\r\n", "description": "<i>Dancing to the Flute: Music and Dance in Indian Art\r\n</i>. Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (organizer) (June 12-August 24, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-06-12T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, UK, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131930", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1930.328"], "did_you_know": "The peaked hats they wear are called \"Phrygian caps.\"", "description": "The distinctive garments worn by the figures on this relief may identify them as people from the ancient region of Phrygia, in present-day central Turkey. They wear baggy tunics with trousers tied at the ankles and peaked caps. Three figures hold their feet and hands in postures of dancing, while a musician plays a stringed instrument similar to a lyre, and a percussionist keeps time on the drum clutched between his legs. The figure at the far right holds up an unidentified object.<br><br>This panel has tenons above and below to fit into a structure using no mortar. The scale of this panel suggests that it was installed as a stair riser.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778093"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.328.1-bacchanalian-relief", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.328.1-dancers-and-musician"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. C. \u201cIndian Sculpture.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 17, no. 10, 1930, pp. 190\u2013198.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 190-93; Reproduced: p. 197", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137340"}, {"citation": "Stites, Raymond S. <em>The Arts and Man</em>. New York: Whittlesey House, 1940.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 416b, p. 501", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lyons, Islay, and Harald Ingholt. <em>Gandha\u0304ran Art in Pakistan</em>. [New York]: Pantheon Books, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 26, 160, pl. IV, no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 740", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n134"}, {"citation": "Rosenfield, John M. <em>The Dynastic Arts of the Kushans</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fabri, Charles Louis. <em>Discovering Indian Sculpture: A Brief History</em>. New Delhi: Affiliated East-West Press, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 45; Reproduced: pl. 19, p. 31", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goldman, Bernard. \u201cParthians at Gandh\u0101ra.\u201d <em>East and West</em>, vol. 28, no. 1/4, 1978, pp. 189\u2013202.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 1, between pp. 200-201", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/29756456"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 335, fig. 14", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris. <em>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 172-174; Reproduced:  cat. no. 87, p. 173", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Masselos, Jim, Jackie Menzies, Pratapaditya Pal, and Reis Wenger Flora. <em>Dancing to the Flute: Music and Dance in Indian Art</em>. Sydney, Australia: Art Gallery of New South Wales, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 50a, p. 107", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kurita, Isao \u6817\u7530\u529f. <em>Gandha\u0304ran art </em>[\u30ac\u30f3\u30c0-\u30e9\u7f8e\u8853 = Ganda\u0304ra bijutsu]. Vol. 2. The world of the Buddha [\u4f5b\u9640\u306e\u4e16\u754c = Budda no sekai] To\u0304kyo\u0304: Nigensha, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 186, figs. 534 & 535", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.328.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328.1/1930.328.1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "545", "filesize": "499689", "filename": "1930.328.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328.1/1930.328.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1466", "filesize": "3417976", "filename": "1930.328.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.328.1/1930.328.1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "2156", "filesize": "32364492", "filename": "1930.328.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 111807, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1\u2013100 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1930.328", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Stair Riser Relief", "Bacchanalian Relief"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 17:57:30.625000"}, {"id": 151517, "accession_number": "1983.69", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study for \"The Bear Hunt\" (for the Alc\u00e1zar, Madrid), c. 1639. Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577\u20131640). Oil on wood; framed: 70.5 x 40.6 x 7.6 cm (27 3/4 x 16 x 3 in.); unframed: 26 x 53.7 cm (10 1/4 x 21 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1983.69", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Study for \"The Bear Hunt\" (for the Alc\u00e1zar, Madrid)", "creation_date": "c. 1639", "creation_date_earliest": 1634, "creation_date_latest": 1644, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Flemish", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 70.5 x 40.6 x 7.6 cm (27 3/4 x 16 x 3 in.); Unframed: 26 x 53.7 cm (10 1/4 x 21 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.705, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.406, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.26, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.537, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1983</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 220868, "title": "Rubens and His Time", "description": "<i>Rubens and His Time</i>. Museo de San Carlos (INBA) (November 5, 1998-February 28, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 176965, "title": "Drawn by the Brush: Oil Sketches by Peter Paul Rubens", "description": "<i>Drawn by the Brush: Oil Sketches by Peter Paul Rubens</i>. Bruce Museum, Greenwich, CT (October 2, 2004-January 30, 2005); Berkeley Museum of Art/Pacific Film Archive, CA (March 2-May 22, 2005); The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (June 11-September 11, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-02T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Christie's, London, E. Henstridge sale, April 11, 1930, no. 91, sold to Rothschild)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(A. G. von Frey [Alexander von Frey])", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The collector and art dealer Alexander von Frey (1882-1951), a Hungarian national, began to amass his art collection in the 1920s. Throughout the 1930s to end of World War II, he lived in Berlin, Vienna, Paris, and Lucerne. While living in Lucerne in the mid-1940s, he began to use the name A. C. de Frey. In 1948, de Frey and his wife, Erika, moved to the United States where they lived in New York and Vermont (see: <a href=\"https://www.slam.org/collection/objects/350/\">https://www.slam.org/collection/objects/350/</a>)<br>During WWII Frey is known to have been involved in the trading of confiscated art; however there is no suggestion that 1983.69 came into von Frey's possession in this manner.</div><div><!--block--><br><br></div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Thos. Agnew & Sons, London).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Nov. 12, 1930 - June 10, 1937", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "G. Huntington Hartford (1911-2008), New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "June 10, 1937 -", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Newhouse Galleries, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "- May 15, 1972", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Thos. Agnew & Sons, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 15, 1972 - Feb. 13, 1973", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Thos. Agnew and Sons, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1979", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Private collection, Portugal.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1980", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, London, sale, June 23, 1983, no. 40, ill.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Newhouse Galleries, New York), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1983", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "With just a few quick brushstrokes, Rubens evokes the energy and drama of a ferocious hunt.", "description": "On June 22, 1639, King Philip IV of Spain received a letter from his younger brother Ferdinand (1609\u20131641). The letter explained that the artist Peter Paul Rubens had recently completed all of the sketches for a series of paintings that were to hang in the halls of the Alc\u00e1zar Palace in Madrid. <em>Bear Hunt</em> is one of seven surviving studies out of the original eighteen. In this scene, a bear attacks a hunter and a companion comes to his aide The others work to stave off a second angry bear. The sketch was completed in the last year Rubens's life, and the paintings for the series were never completed.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475238"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.69-study-for-the-bear-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Larsen, Erik. <em>P.P. Rubens. With a Complete Catalogue of his Works in America.</em> Antwerp: De Sikkel, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 200, under no. 112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bordley, Rogers. <em>Rubens ou Snyders?</em> Paris: La Nef de Paris, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 85, 147; Reproduced: fig. 81 (as by Snyders)", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 65 (1973)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 53; reproduced: fig. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Di\u0301az Padro\u0301n, Mati\u0301as. In <em>Pedro Pablo Rubens (1577-1640): exposicio\u0301n homenaje.</em> Exh. cat. Madrid: Palacio de Velazquez, published by Madrid: Direccio\u0301n General del Patrimonio Artistico, Archivos y Museos, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 110, no. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael. \"Exhibitions for the Rubens Year, III.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 120 no. 902 (1978)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 346, no. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Held, Julius S. <em>The Oil Sketches of Peter Paul Rubens: A Critical Catalogue</em>. 2 vols. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 309-310, no. 225; Reproduced: vol. 2, pl. 235", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Year in Review for 1983.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 2 (1984): 38-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 23, p. 68, Reproduced: p. 69", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159848"}, {"citation": "Adler, Wolfgang, and Arnout Balis. <em>Landscapes and Hunting Scenes </em>(<em>Corpus Rubenianum Ludwig Burchardt</em>, pt. 18), vol. 2: Arnout Balis, <em>Rubens Hunting Scenes.</em> London: H. Miller, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 263-264; Reproduced: fig. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo de San Carlos, and Palazzo dei diamanti (Ferrara, Italy). <em>Rubens y su siglo</em>. Mexico: Landucci/Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1999.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo de San Carlos, and Palazzo dei diamanti (Ferrara, Italy). <em>Rubens y su siglo</em>. Mexico: Landucci/Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120-122, no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Peter C., Marjorie E. Wieseman, and Nico van Hout. <em>Drawn by the Brush: Oil Sketches by Peter Paul Rubens</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weller, Dennis P. <em>Seventeenth-Century Dutch and Flemish Paintings</em>. Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina Museum of Art, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 299; Reproduced p. 300, fig. 62A", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.69", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.69/1983.69_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "605", "filesize": "635689", "filename": "1983.69_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.69/1983.69_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1628", "filesize": "4513866", "filename": "1983.69_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.69/1983.69_full.tif", "width": "6056", "height": "2900", "filesize": "52722216", "filename": "1983.69_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.69/1983.69_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "756", "filesize": "201180"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.69/1983.69_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2034", "filesize": "1622012"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.69/1983.69_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6387", "height": "3821", "filesize": "73241176"}, "date_created": "2012-02-24T16:07:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.69/1983.69_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "744", "filesize": "267269"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.69/1983.69_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2002", "filesize": "1762162"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.69/1983.69_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6535", "height": "3848", "filesize": "75471124"}, "date_created": "2012-02-24T15:26:50", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 151517, "creators": [{"id": 1251, "description": "Peter Paul Rubens (Flemish, 1577\u20131640)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1577", "death_year": "1640", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-05-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1634, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1639", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bear Hunt"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-02 11:23:17.757000"}, {"id": 148411, "accession_number": "1976.101", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Jupiter IV, 1974. Al Held (American, 1928\u20132005). Acrylic on canvas; unframed: 152.4 x 152.4 cm (60 x 60 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchased with a grant from the NEA and matched by gifts from members of The Cleveland Society for Contemporary Art, 1976.101. \u00a9  Al Held Foundation, Inc. / Licensed by Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": "224A Contemporary Corridor", "title": "Jupiter IV", "creation_date": "1974", "creation_date_earliest": 1974, "creation_date_latest": 1974, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "acrylic on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 152.4 x 152.4 cm (60 x 60 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 1.524, "height_inch": 60, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.524, "width_inch": 60, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Al Held Foundation, Inc. / Licensed by Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed on back: Al Held", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "<i>Year in Review, 1976</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "MOCA Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006):  \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\", no. 112, p. 122, repr. p. 78.", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Al Held,\" Adler Castillo Gallery, Caracas Venezuela (1975).", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Year in Review 1976,\" CMA (1977).", "opening_date": "1977-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Contemporary Art,\" CMA (Nov. 3 - Dec. 12, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-11-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "\"Contemporary Collection,\" CMA (Aug. 17 - Nov. 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-08-17T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Before enlisting in the United States Navy in 1945, Held claimed to have been expelled from high school in the Bronx.", "description": "From 1969 to 1978, the American painter Al Held investigated spatial conundrums by suggesting volume and depth in large, stark paintings like <em>Jupiter IV</em>. Over a flat, white surface he superimposed bold, black lines of varying thickness to render interlocking cubes, flowing circular forms, and other three-dimensional shapes, providing a complex symphony of continuous geometrical forms floating in infinite space.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472975"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 77-78, no. 112", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.101", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchased with a grant from the NEA and matched by gifts from members of The Cleveland Society for Contemporary Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Betty and Max Ratner Gallery", "athena_id": 148411, "creators": [{"id": 3470, "description": "Al Held (American, 1928\u20132005)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1928", "death_year": "2005", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-10-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1974, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1974", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:53.025000"}, {"id": 154075, "accession_number": "1988.191", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sky Study, Paris, 1856\u201357. Charles Marville (French, 1813\u20131879). Albumen print from wet collodion negative; image: 15.3 x 21.4 cm (6 x 8 7/16 in.); matted: 40.6 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1988.191", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "Sky Study, Paris", "creation_date": "1856\u201357", "creation_date_earliest": 1856, "creation_date_latest": 1857, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "albumen print from wet collodion negative", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "Photography", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 15.3 x 21.4 cm (6 x 8 7/16 in.); Matted: 40.6 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.153, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.214, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "matted": {"height": 0.406, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.508, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written in pencil on recto: \"1 [circled] 1 / no5 [boxed] / F [circled]\"; in pencil on verso: \"5 [circled]\"; \"#301\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311875, "title": "Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 24, 1996-February 2, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-11-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 178867, "title": "Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 26-June 16, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197576, "title": "France at the Dawn of Photography", "description": "<i>France at the Dawn of Photography</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 24, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The World Seen Anew: English and French Photographs of the 1850s. </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 29-August 26, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-06-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Etudes de Ciels. </em>Galerie Octant, Paris, France (November 3-December 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-11-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Alain Paviot, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Charles Isaacs Photographs, Inc., New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1989", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 29, 1989", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Thirty years before the construction of the Eiffel Tower, Charles Marville made a series of views of the skies over Paris, some from various rooftops and others from his apartment window.", "description": "This view frames the city so that the dome of the chapel of Les Invalides\u2014a retirement home and hospital for military veterans\u2014dominates the skyline. In the 1850s, the light-sensitive coatings for photographic plates were incapable of properly exposing both earth and the sky in a single shot. Marville here set his camera to capture the dramatic sky and clouds, which meant that the city below, for the most part, became a dark mass of undifferentiated buildings. The scale, drama, and majesty of this natural spectacle overwhelm human achievements.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781200"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1988.191-sky-study-paris"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 231", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1988.191", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.191/1988.191_web.jpg", "width": "1247", "height": "893", "filesize": "656338", "filename": "1988.191_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.191/1988.191_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2434", "filesize": "4922606", "filename": "1988.191_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.191/1988.191_full.tif", "width": "5976", "height": "4278", "filesize": "76727452", "filename": "1988.191_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 154075, "creators": [{"id": 635, "description": "Charles Marville (French, 1813\u20131879)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "At the invitation of the city of Paris, photographer Charles Marville was among the first to document the ancient quarters of his birthplace. His views, taken in the late 1850s, were intended to record the many buildings and neighborhoods ultimately destroyed by Baron Georges-Eug\u00e8ne Haussmann's urban planning project that would create the boulevards and open spaces of modern Paris. While Marville's survey of the city, extensive and thorough in scope, prefigured other important efforts of its kind, it is distinguished by its emotional accessibility. His work beautifully reveals a Paris that has long disappeared. Originally trained as a painter and illustrator, Marville worked with both calotype and glass plate negatives. He photographed in France, Italy, Germany, and Algeria, becoming most well known for his architectural imagery but also producing acclaimed landscapes and studies of trees. Many of Marville's early views, often considered his best, were included in the albums of Louis-D\u00e9sir\u00e9 Blanquart-\u00c9vrard before the printer's establishment in Lille closed in 1855. Named official photographer of Paris in 1862, Marville also served as photographer to the Imperial Museum of the Louvre and to King Vittorio Emmanuelle of Italy. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1813", "death_year": "1879", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-06-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1856, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1856\u201357", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Untitled (Cloud Study with Les Invalides)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:58:00.047000"}, {"id": 127561, "accession_number": "1950.239", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Holy Family (Christ in the Lap of Truth), c. 1805. William Blake (British, 1757\u20131827). Black, gray, and brown ink applied with pen and point of brush; gray, pink, yellow, and green wash; sheet: 37.9 x 32.5 cm (14 15/16 x 12 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1950.239", "current_location": null, "title": "The Holy Family (Christ in the Lap of Truth)", "creation_date": "c. 1805", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1810, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, London, 18th century"], "technique": "black, gray, and brown ink applied with pen and point of brush; gray, pink, yellow, and green wash", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - British", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 37.9 x 32.5 cm (14 15/16 x 12 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.379, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.325, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in black ink: [artist's monogram:8 inv / wb]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "verso, upper center, in graphite: G [collector's mark? (not in Lugt)]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "across bottom, in graphite: no. 9 [S?]ingle", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "across bottom, in graphite: The Holy Family / Jesus-Mary-Joseph-Elizabeth + St. John", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "lower center, in graphite: 50/ [7?]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361393, "title": "77th Annual Exhibition of Water-Colour Drawings", "description": "<i>77th Annual Exhibition of Water-Colour Drawings</i>. Thomas Agnew & Sons, Ltd., London (organizer).", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361394, "title": "The Art of William Blake", "description": "<i>The Art of William Blake</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (October 19-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302020, "title": "Aspects of Drawing", "description": "<i>Aspects of Drawing</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 10-April 2, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "<i>European Watercolors Through the 18th Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304705, "title": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif", "description": "<i>Neo-classicism: Style and Motif</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 23-October 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "<i>Rococo, Revolution, Restoration</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200485, "title": "British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art ", "description": "<i>British Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-May 26, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of the Works of William Blake. </em>Burlington Fine Arts Club, London (1876).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Works by William Blake. </em>Carfax and Co. Ltd., London (June 14 - July 31, 1906).", "opening_date": "1906-06-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Century of Art Exhibition of the International Society of Sculptors, Painters, and Gravers. </em>Grafton Galleries, London (June - July, 1911).", "opening_date": "1911-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>William Blake (1757 \u2013 1827). </em>Tate Gallery, London (1947).", "opening_date": "1947-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thomas Butts [1757-1845], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1805-by 1845", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Thomas Butts Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "probably after 1845-by 1853", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(his sale, Property of Thomas Butts, Esq., Messrs. Foster and Son, London, June 29, 1853, no. 127, sold to Henry George Bohn)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->as <em>Holy Family</em>.</div>"], "date": "1853", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Henry George Bohn [1796-1884], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1853-?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Alexander Anderdon Weston [1822-1901; Lugt 65], by descent to his widow", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1901", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mrs. Alexander Anderdon Weston", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1901-1904", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(her anonymous sale, Christie's, London, June 28, 1904, no. 5, sold to E. Parsons)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "E. Parsons, sold to W. Graham Robertson", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "W. Graham Robertson [1866-1948], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1904-1949", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(his sale, Christie, Manson & Woods, Ltd., London, July 22, 1949, no. 24, probably sold to Thomas Agnew and Sons, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Thomas Agnew and Sons, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949-1950", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing was first owned by Thomas Butts, an English civil servant who became William Blake's most important patron and supporter for about two decades.", "description": "Although he rejected institutionalized religion, Blake was intensely spiritual, and much of his art was inspired by a highly personal reading of the Bible or by literature based upon it, such as John Milton\u2019s <em>Paradise Lost </em>(1667). The Virgin Mary is centered in this highly stylized composition. Upon her lap she clasps the infant Christ whose outstretched arms foreshadow the Crucifixion. The Mother and Child are flanked by Saint Joseph on the left, and Saint Anne (the Virgin\u2019s mother), on the right. Below, Saint John the Baptist, who foretold Christ\u2019s death and resurrection, plays with a lamb.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79907658"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.239-the-holy-family-chri"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Alexander and William Michael Rossetti. <em>Life of William Blake: \"Pictor Ignotus,\" with Selections from His Poems and Other Writings</em>. London: R. Clay, Son, and Taylor, 1863.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 230, no. 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exhibition of the Works of William Blake</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Burlington Fine Arts Club, 1876.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Alexander and William Michael Rossetti. <em>Life of William Blake with Seleions from His Poems and Other Writings</em>. London: Macmillan, 1880.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 243, no. 207 or 209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richter, Helene. <em>William Blake</em>. Strassburg: J.H. Ed. Heitz, 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 173; Reproduced: pl. V", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exhibition of Works by William Blake</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Carfax and Co., Ltd., 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19, no. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "de Selincourt, Basil. <em>William Blake</em>. London: Duckworth, 1909.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 200-202; Reproduced: between pp. 200 and 201", "url": "https://archive.org/details/williamblake007928mbp/"}, {"citation": "<em>The Century of Art Exhibition of the International Society of Sculptors, Painters, and Gravers</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Grafton Galleries, 1911.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 35, no. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Russell, Archibald. \"The Graham Robertson Collection.\" <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 37, no. 208 (July 1920): 27-29, 32-35, 39.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/861049"}, {"citation": "Russell, Archibald. <em>William Blake (1757-1827)</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Tate Gallery, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 37, no. 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>77th Annual Exhibition of Water-Colour Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Thomas Agnew &amp; Sons, Ltd., 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Preston, Kerrison. <em>The Blake Collection of W. Graham Robertson</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 144-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Keynes, Sir Geoffrey. <em>William Blake's Illustrations to the Bible. </em>London: Trianon, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 30-31, no. 104; Reproduced: pl. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Art of William Blake</em>. Exh. Cat. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1957.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19, no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 608", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n113"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. <em>Neo-Classicism: Style and Motif</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 117, no. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoover, Suzanne. \"Pictures at the Exhibition.\" <em>Blake Newsletter</em> 21 (1973): 6-13.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 8-9; Reproduced: fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mellor, Anne Kostelanetz. <em>Blake's Human Form Divine</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 332-35; Reproduced: pl. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Butlin, Martin. <em>The Paintings and Drawings of William Blake</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 351, no. 471, 484, under no. 671; Reproduced: pl. 556", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heppner, Christopher. <em>Reading Blake's Designs</em>. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 194", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 7, 188-89, no. 77; Reproduced: p. 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. <em>British Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Exh. Cat. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11, 54-55, 143, no. 16; Reproduced: p. 17 (detail), 55", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Butlin 471", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.239", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_web.jpg", "width": "773", "height": "893", "filesize": "141470", "filename": "1950.239_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_print.jpg", "width": "2942", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1842917", "filename": "1950.239_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_full.tif", "width": "4585", "height": "5297", "filesize": "72916440", "filename": "1950.239_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "770", "height": "893", "filesize": "147061"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2931", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1898452"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4491", "height": "5209", "filesize": "70234104"}, "date_created": "2012-06-13T15:11:56", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "893", "filesize": "586813"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1793", "filesize": "2324530"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.239/1950.239_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1793", "filesize": "8265196"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127561, "creators": [{"id": 1257, "description": "William Blake (British, 1757\u20131827)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1757", "death_year": "1827", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-06-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1805", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Christ in the Lap of Truth"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:34:05.850000"}, {"id": 95286, "accession_number": "1916.1055", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Woman, 1620s. Jan Anthonisz. van Ravesteyn (Dutch, c. 1570\u20131657). Oil on wood; framed: 86.5 x 77.5 x 7 cm (34 1/16 x 30 1/2 x 2 3/4 in.); unframed: 53.2 x 45 cm (20 15/16 x 17 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, 1916.1055", "current_location": null, "title": "Portrait of a Woman", "creation_date": "1620s", "creation_date_earliest": 1620, "creation_date_latest": 1629, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 86.5 x 77.5 x 7 cm (34 1/16 x 30 1/2 x 2 3/4 in.); Unframed: 53.2 x 45 cm (20 15/16 x 17 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.865, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.775, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.532, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.45, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Dutch paintings, etchings, drawings, Delftware of the seventeenth century</em>, The John Herron Art Institute, Indianapolis, IN (February 27-April 11, 1937), cat. no. 46 (as Moreelse).", "opening_date": "1937-02-27T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dowdswell, London, United Kingdom", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Durand-Ruel, Paris, France and New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade, Cleveland, 1902, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1916.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sitter wears several transparent and translucent white collars that become opaque when layered.", "description": "How do you conserve a painting when portions are missing? <br><br>The mid-treatment image (below) shows the painting after cleaning, when earlier restorations had been removed. In the painting on view, notice how the conservator reconstructed portions of the sitter\u2019s lace collar and elaborate necklace. She re-created missing passages after studying the artist\u2019s technique in other works and carefully emulating his treatment of the remaining lace and elements of the twisting, three-dimensional necklace. Conversely, there was not enough information to reconstruct what was probably another ornament at the back of the sitter\u2019s head, so the decision was made not to speculate and invent something in that space.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502419"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1055-portrait-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n28"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n36"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 226", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jonge, Caroline Henriette de. <em>Paulus Moreelse: portret- en genreschilder te Utrecht, 1571-1638</em>. Assen: Van Gorcum &amp; comp. n.v., uitgevers, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 111, cat. no. 213", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 252; Reproduced: p. 253", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1055", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_web.jpg", "width": "759", "height": "900", "filesize": "243785", "filename": "1916.1055_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_print.jpg", "width": "2869", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2538020", "filename": "1916.1055_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_full.tif", "width": "8690", "height": "10298", "filesize": "268495740", "filename": "1916.1055_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "759", "height": "900", "filesize": "243785"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2869", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2538020"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8690", "height": "10298", "filesize": "268495740"}, "date_created": "2020-08-04T12:17:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "799", "height": "900", "filesize": "341686"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3020", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3428548"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9969", "height": "11225", "filesize": "335735560"}, "date_created": "2020-08-04T09:01:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "772", "height": "900", "filesize": "234885"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2917", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2093717"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8649", "height": "10081", "filesize": "261598888"}, "date_created": "2020-08-03T14:39:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "762", "height": "893", "filesize": "371263"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2900", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2178991"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4870", "height": "5710", "filesize": "83444784"}, "date_created": "2009-06-08T18:57:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "778", "height": "893", "filesize": "539648"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2962", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8222338"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4804", "height": "5514", "filesize": "79489300"}, "date_created": "2009-06-08T18:43:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "809", "height": "893", "filesize": "426957"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3080", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5794970"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1055/1916.1055_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4849", "height": "5353", "filesize": "77891688"}, "date_created": "2009-06-08T13:41:22", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95286, "creators": [{"id": 2460, "description": "Jan Anthonisz. van Ravesteyn (Dutch, c. 1570\u20131657)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1570", "death_year": "1657", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-10-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1620, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1620s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The painting underwent a comprehensive examination and conservation treatment in 2020. During the examination it was discovered that two panels flanking the central panel were not original to the painting. These panels were added during a previous restoration when the painting was cradled and likely converted into an oval format. The previous restoration, executed in oil paint, extended the sitter\u2019s costume by repeating the decorative chain and lacework designs out to the edges of the nonoriginal flanking panels. This inventive overpaint was later damaged by a previous cleaning attempt before entering the CMA collection. Photos during cleaning reveal the extent of the prior damage to the nonoriginal panels, while the original central panel was in relatively good overall condition. Following consultation with CMA paintings conservators and curators, the decision was made to reconstruct damages to the former restoration, unifying the well-preserved original central panel with the nonoriginal flanking panels.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:06:25.092000"}, {"id": 133068, "accession_number": "1955.49", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Seven Leaves from a Manuscript of the Gandavyuha-sutra (Scripture of the Supreme Array), 1000s-1100s. Nepal. Gum tempera and ink on palm leaves; overall: 4.2 x 52.4 cm (1 5/8 x 20 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1955.49", "current_location": null, "title": "Seven Leaves from a Manuscript of the Gandavyuha-sutra (Scripture of the Supreme Array)", "creation_date": "1000s-1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1199, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Nepal"], "technique": "Gum tempera and ink on palm leaves", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 4.2 x 52.4 cm (1 5/8 x 20 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.042, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.524, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 701400, "title": "Indian Painting 12th-20th Century", "description": "<i>Indian Painting 12th-20th Century</i>. Chinese Art Society of America, New York, NY (organizer) (May 3-June 1, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 449919, "title": "Text and Image in Southern Asia", "description": "<i>Text and Image in Southern Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26, 2022-March 5, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-08-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Himalayan Gallery 237 Rotation \u2013 November 2016-April 2017</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (November 7, 2016-April 10, 2017). [only the following leaves: 1955.49.1.a, 1955.49.2.a, 1955.49.3.a, 1955.49.4.a, and 1955.49.6.a]", "opening_date": "2016-11-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131955", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1955\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Russian artist Svyatoslav Roerich (1904\u20131993) collected 144 pages of this manuscript in India.", "description": "These pages come from a long horizontal book of 355 palm leaves, now dispersed among many collections. Featuring the pilgrim Sudhana on his quest to reach enlightenment, the text was especially influential in the spread of Buddhism to East Asia. These leaves are from the sole surviving illustrated manuscript of this text in its original language of Sanskrit.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516957"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.49-seven-leaves-from-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 752", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n136"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 233", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n257"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 233", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n257"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. 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New Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 16-July 26, 2026) https://www.newmuseum.org/exhibition/new-humans-memories-of-the-future/.", "opening_date": "2026-03-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "collection of the artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961\u20131964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Malangatana Goenha Valente (wife of the artist), sold to Lloyd H. Ellis Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Dr. and Mrs. Lloyd H. Ellis Jr., Solon, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2012", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2012\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["25.2011"], "did_you_know": "<em>Fountain of Blood</em> was featured in the 1962 First International Congress of Culture exhibition, a major festival that showcased African art in Europe, and was one of Ngwenya's first exhibited works outside Mozambique.", "description": "Born in Mozambique under Portuguese rule, Malangatana Ngwenya's work focuses on the clash between local Mozambican traditions and European colonialism. His highly expressive paintings often comprise dense compositions packed with religious and mythological symbolism and tormented figures\u2014a response to the violence he witnessed. In <em>Fountain of Blood </em>he incorporates a local myth: when one group moves into another people's land, their spirits battle. Ngwenya's pro-independence political views resulted in the artist's imprisonment for 18 months in 1964, contributing to his national reputation as a political artist and supporter of colonial resistance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480984"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Malangatana, and Ju\u0301lio Navarro. <em>Malangatana Valente Ngwenya</em>. translated from the Portuguese by Harriet C. McGuire, Zita C. Nunez and William P. Rougle. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 9-15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Exhibitions on the occasion of the First International Congress of African Culture. </em>Salisbury: National Gallery of Rhodesia, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced, cat. 322", "url": ""}, {"citation": "African-American Institute. <em>African Art Today: Four Major Artists</em>. New York: African-American Institute, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 5-6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Morrill, Rebecca, Simon Hunegs, and Chika Okeke-Agulu. <em>African Artists: From 1882 to Now</em>. London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2021.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"New Take on the New: A comprehensive reinstallation of the galleries of contemporary art offers fresh viewpoints on the art of our time<em>.\u201d</em> <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 2 (Spring 2021): 4-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 8.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.67", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Dr. and Mrs. Lloyd H. Ellis Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170462, "creators": [{"id": 61575, "description": "Malangatana Ngwenya (Mozambican, 1936\u20132011)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1936", "death_year": "2011", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-09-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1961, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1961", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The River of Blood"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:49:02.727000"}, {"id": 125026, "accession_number": "1946.461", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lime Dipper, c. 1\u2013800 CE. Colombia, Calima region, Yotoco style. Gold. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Benjamin P. Bole, 1946.461", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Lime Dipper", "creation_date": "c. 1\u2013800 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Colombia, Calima region, Yotoco style"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; November 9, 1945- January 6, 1946. \"Art of the Americas.", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cincinnati, OH: The Taft Museum; October 6-November 19, 1950.  \"Ancient American Gold and Jade\" .cat.no. 72, pg 19, black and white repr.", "opening_date": "1950-10-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York,  NY: Museum of Modern Art; January 26-March 26, 1954.  \"Ancient Arts of the Andes,\"", "opening_date": "1954-01-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "exh. cat. repr. in black and white, p. 142, fig. 165.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23-April 3, 1966.  \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Wise, Ltd.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(John Wise, Ltd.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Coca-leaf chewing was a widespread ritual in ancient South America. Utensils included a container and a dipper or spoon for powdered lime (made from seashells), added to the coca to enhance its gentle, stimulating effect. Colombian cultures are especially known for transforming these utensils into works of art made of precious metal. The image on the tallest dipper is wonderfully complex. A serpent coils at the bottom, beneath a snarling animal with a huge, vertical tail. This animal has a tiny monkey on its back; the monkey also has a huge tail, which rests on the first animal's head like a headdress. This intricate image was created with the lost-wax casting process.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778702"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.461-lime-dipper"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 378", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n71"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.461", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_web.jpg", "width": "484", "height": "893", "filesize": "21048", "filename": "1946.461_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_print.jpg", "width": "1843", "height": "3400", "filesize": "281488", "filename": "1946.461_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_full.tif", "width": "3570", "height": "6583", "filesize": "70538228", "filename": "1946.461_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "484", "height": "893", "filesize": "147223"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1843", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2771396"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3570", "height": "6583", "filesize": "70538228"}, "date_created": "2011-11-03T14:31:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "470", "height": "893", "filesize": "140565"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1790", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2645583"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3481", "height": "6609", "filesize": "69053068"}, "date_created": "2011-11-03T14:09:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "470", "height": "893", "filesize": "19270"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1790", "height": "3400", "filesize": "266062"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3481", "height": "6609", "filesize": "69053068"}, "date_created": "2011-11-03T14:09:08", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "487", "height": "893", "filesize": "143214"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1856", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2745143"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3608", "height": "6609", "filesize": "71570916"}, "date_created": "2011-11-03T14:49:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "487", "height": "893", "filesize": "19560"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1856", "height": "3400", "filesize": "271529"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3608", "height": "6609", "filesize": "71570916"}, "date_created": "2011-11-03T14:49:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "487", "height": "893", "filesize": "20788"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "1856", "height": "3400", "filesize": "285342"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3640", "height": "6668", "filesize": "72851764"}, "date_created": "2011-11-03T15:06:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "487", "height": "893", "filesize": "146652"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "1856", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2776423"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.461/1946.461_alt6_full.tif", "width": "185", "height": "236", "filesize": "4241"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Benjamin P. Bole", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125026, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1\u2013800 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:27:33.822000"}, {"id": 112877, "accession_number": "1931.462.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude, shortly after 1038. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core; overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1931.462.a", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude", "creation_date": "shortly after 1038", "creation_date_earliest": 1038, "creation_date_latest": 1043, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century"], "technique": "gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Romanesque", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.105, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.275, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.21, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "translation of inscription:  In order to live happily in Him, Gertrude presented to Christ this stone glistening with precious stones.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196195, "title": "Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe", "description": "<i>Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 2010-January 17, 2011); The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (February 13-May 15, 2011); The British Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (June 23-October 9, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, October 17, 2010 - January 17, 2011, Walters Art Museum February 13 - May 15, 2011, British Museum June 23 - October 9, 2011: \"Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics and Devotion in Medieval Europe,\" cat. no 42.", "opening_date": "2011-02-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007), the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008) and Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury, Cathedral of St. Blaise, Brunswick; House of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg; (Goldschmidt Galleries, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["234.1931", "345.1931"], "did_you_know": "On the bottom of this altar is a trap door that opened to reveal small relics of saints wrapped in silk.", "description": "Commissioned by Countess Gertrude of Brunswick, this portable altar is one of the Guelph Treasure\u2019s earliest and most sumptuous objects. The choice of white-speckled porphyry as the altar stone signals Gertrude\u2019s worldly aspirations; an imperial color since classical antiquity, porphyry was only used by the imperial family. Historical figures of royal and imperial rank are depicted with Christ, the Virgin, apostles, and archangels along the altar\u2019s sides, stressing the countess\u2019s political ambitions and claim of imperial lineage for her own dynasty. The Latin inscription surrounding the altar stone reads, \"Gertrude offers to Christ, to live joyfully in him, this stone that glistens with gems and gold.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750908"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.462.a-portable-altar-of-co"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 95", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n31"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n69"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n67"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n70"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 19, p. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 264-265", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>Worshiping in Place through Art: The Hidden Gems of the Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art The Thinker Blog on Medium. July 16, 2020.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/worshiping-in-place-through-art-the-hidden-gems-of-the-portable-altar-of-countess-gertrude-48f9457d9cc5"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.462.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.462.a/1931.462.a_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "806", "filesize": "731147", "filename": "1931.462.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.462.a/1931.462.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2169", "filesize": "4391868", "filename": "1931.462.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.462.a/1931.462.a_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3189", "filesize": "47854316", "filename": "1931.462.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112877, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-01-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1038, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "shortly after 1038", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1931.462", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Gertrudis Portable Altar"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:56:48.613000"}, {"id": 132835, "accession_number": "1955.302.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf D (previous leaf 2) (\u5c71\u6c34\u5716\u518a), 1668. Xiao Yuncong (Chinese, 1596\u20131673). Album leaf; ink and light color on paper; overall: 21 x 15.8 cm (8 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1955.302.2", "current_location": "240A Chinese Paintings and Calligraphy", "title": "Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf D (previous leaf 2)", "title_in_original_language": "\u5c71\u6c34\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1668", "creation_date_earliest": 1668, "creation_date_latest": 1668, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 21 x 15.8 cm (8 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.158, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u6211\u611b\u6885\u9053\u4eba\uff0c\u843d\u7b46\u591a\u5947\u60f3\u3002\n\u6df1\u76b4\u6fc3\u67d3\u9593\uff0c\u6b63\u4f3c\u5728\u6797\u83bd\u3002\n\u96f2\u5f9e [\u5370]\u856d\u96f2\u5f9e", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 1 seal: \n\nI love the Daoist of Plum Blossom./ \nHis brush is full of imagination./ \nAmid his dark cun and deep washes,/\nAppears a scene close to wilderness.\n\nYuncong  [seal] Xiao Yuncong", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "9 additional seals:  2 of Chen Yixi \u9673\u5955\u79a7 (1646-1709); 4 of Li Yufen \u674e\u7389\u68fb [Li Yunhu \u674e\u97f5\u6e56] (active mid-1800s); 3 unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698417, "title": "The Plum Scenery Studio: Wu Hufan and His Circle in Modern Shanghai", "description": "<i>The Plum Scenery Studio: Wu Hufan and His Circle in Modern Shanghai</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-November 8, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Conference on Oriental-Western Literary and Cultural Relations</em>. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN (1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</em>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Chen Yixi \u9673\u5955\u79a7 [1648\u20131709]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Li Yufen \u674e\u7389\u68fb [mid-1800s], Yangzhou, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Wu Hufan \u5433\u6e56\u5e06 [1894\u20131968], Shanghai, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Qin Tongli \u79e6\u901a\u7406 [early 1900s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131955", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1955\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["55.302a"], "did_you_know": "Xiao Yuncong evoked dark, stormy summer weather with rich tones of ink.", "description": "Throughout his lifetime, Xiao Yuncong visited Nanjing and Yangzhou, cities embedded in the fertile and water-rich Jiangnan region, as reflected in his paintings. Xiao painted from nature, and his landscapes are informed by the seasons and his travels, as well as by his experience as a print designer. Xiao\u2019s fresh, light colors continue to appear in later Shanghai school paintings. <br><br>This album was formerly in the collection of Li Yufen in Yangzhou and then owned by Wu Hufan in Shanghai. While the artist impressed his seal consistently below his poetic inscriptions in the upper parts of the composition, the red seals on the margins and in the lower corners of the paintings are impressions by the album\u2019s previous owners.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516712"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.302.2-album-of-seasonal-la"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cAn Album of Landscapes by Hsiao Y\u00fcn-Ts'ung.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 44, no. 6, 1957, pp. 121\u2013125.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 121-125; Reproduced: p. 122", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142218"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 874", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n155"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. 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Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 224, pp. 300-301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 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Xiao Yuncong (Chinese, 1596\u20131673). Album leaf; ink and light color on paper; overall: 21 x 15.8 cm (8 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. 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The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Chen Yixi \u9673\u5955\u79a7 [1648\u20131709]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Li Yufen \u674e\u7389\u68fb [mid-1800s], Yangzhou, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Wu Hufan \u5433\u6e56\u5e06 [1894\u20131968], Shanghai, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Qin Tongli \u79e6\u901a\u7406 [early 1900s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131955", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1955\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["55.302d"], "did_you_know": "The plum blossoms identify this painting as early spring.", "description": "Throughout his lifetime, Xiao Yuncong visited Nanjing and Yangzhou, cities embedded in the fertile and water-rich Jiangnan region, as reflected in his paintings. Xiao painted from nature, and his landscapes are informed by the seasons and his travels, as well as by his experience as a print designer. Xiao\u2019s fresh, light colors continue to appear in later Shanghai school paintings. <br><br>This album was formerly in the collection of Li Yufen in Yangzhou and then owned by Wu Hufan in Shanghai. 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Xiao Yuncong (Chinese, 1596\u20131673). Album leaf; ink and light color on paper; overall: 21 x 15.8 cm (8 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1955.302.7", "current_location": "240A Chinese Paintings and Calligraphy", "title": "Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf G (previous leaf 7)", "title_in_original_language": "\u5c71\u6c34\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1668", "creation_date_earliest": 1668, "creation_date_latest": 1668, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 21 x 15.8 cm (8 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.158, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 8 seals:\n\nLeaf G.\n\nOnly at the mountain top are there pines, at the water's edge, bamboo./ \nOld men from the country often come here to spend the night in the fog./ \nThe hectic pace of worldly affairs is no more to me than drifting clouds;/ \nMy universe does not extend beyond my thatched hut./ \nWhat could be better than to grab a walking stick and head to the west of the river,/ \nStriving to write a new poem that will tease the common crowd.\n\nYuncong [seal] Xiao Yuncong", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "9 additional seals:  2 of Chen Yixi \u9673\u5955\u79a7 (1646-1709); 4 of Li Yufen \u674e\u7389\u68fb [Li Yunhu \u674e\u97f5\u6e56] (active mid-1800s); 3 unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698417, "title": "The Plum Scenery Studio: Wu Hufan and His Circle in Modern Shanghai", "description": "<i>The Plum Scenery Studio: Wu Hufan and His Circle in Modern Shanghai</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-November 8, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Conference on Oriental-Western Literary and Cultural Relations</em>. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN (1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</em>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Chen Yixi \u9673\u5955\u79a7 [1648\u20131709]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Li Yufen \u674e\u7389\u68fb [mid-1800s], Yangzhou, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Wu Hufan \u5433\u6e56\u5e06 [1894\u20131968], Shanghai, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Qin Tongli \u79e6\u901a\u7406 [early 1900s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131955", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1955\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["55.302f"], "did_you_know": "The season depicted in this leaf is ambiguous, but the presence of bamboo and pine (two of the \"three friends\" \u6b72\u5bd2\u4e09\u53cb) points to winter.", "description": "Throughout his lifetime, Xiao Yuncong visited Nanjing and Yangzhou, cities embedded in the fertile and water-rich Jiangnan region, as reflected in his paintings. Xiao painted from nature, and his landscapes are informed by the seasons and his travels, as well as by his experience as a print designer. Xiao\u2019s fresh, light colors continue to appear in later Shanghai school paintings. <br><br>This album was formerly in the collection of Li Yufen in Yangzhou and then owned by Wu Hufan in Shanghai. While the artist impressed his seal consistently below his poetic inscriptions in the upper parts of the composition, the red seals on the margins and in the lower corners of the paintings are impressions by the album\u2019s previous owners.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516753"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.302.7-album-of-seasonal-la"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cAn Album of Landscapes by Hsiao Y\u00fcn-Ts'ung.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 44, no. 6, 1957, pp. 121\u2013125.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 121-125; Reproduced: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142218"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 874", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n155"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "p. 119, no. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenzweig, Daphne Lange. \"A Landscape Handscroll by Hsiao Y\u00fcn-ts'ung.\" <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin </em>32, no. 1 (1974-75): pp. 34-56.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 43, 44, 51, figs. 10-12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. <em>The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "cat. no. 38 (B)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 224, pp. 300-301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 351-359", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.302.7", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.7/1955.302.7_web.jpg", "width": "678", "height": "893", "filesize": "438462", "filename": "1955.302.7_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.7/1955.302.7_print.jpg", "width": "2583", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6419147", "filename": "1955.302.7_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.7/1955.302.7_full.tif", "width": "3232", "height": "4254", "filesize": "41279316", "filename": "1955.302.7_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.7/1955.302.7_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "893", "filesize": "419978"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.7/1955.302.7_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2535", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5362835"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.7/1955.302.7_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4747", "height": "6368", "filesize": "90707756"}, "date_created": "2009-11-10T20:32:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 132840, "creators": [{"id": 23575, "description": "Xiao Yuncong (Chinese, 1596\u20131673)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u856d\u96f2\u5f9e", "birth_year": "1596", "death_year": "1673", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-07-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1668, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1668", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1955.302", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Album of Seasonal Landscapes: Walking West of the River (No. 7)", "Album of Seasonal Landscapes \u5c71\u6c34\u5716\u518a, Leaf G (previous leaf 7)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:00:04.868000"}, {"id": 132841, "accession_number": "1955.302.8", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf H (previous leaf 8) (\u5c71\u6c34\u5716\u518a), 1668. Xiao Yuncong (Chinese, 1596\u20131673). Album leaf; ink and light color on paper; overall: 21 x 15.8 cm (8 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1955.302.8", "current_location": "240A Chinese Paintings and Calligraphy", "title": "Album of Seasonal Landscapes, Leaf H (previous leaf 8)", "title_in_original_language": "\u5c71\u6c34\u5716\u518a", "creation_date": "1668", "creation_date_earliest": 1668, "creation_date_latest": 1668, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "album leaf; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 21 x 15.8 cm (8 1/4 x 6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.158, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 8 seals:\n\nLeaf H.\n\nWhen the winter sun warms up the door, the day begins;/ \nI clean up my black leather shoes to break off from the dusty world./ \nPrunus blossoms again bloom on the tree in front of the pavilion;/ \nTheir fragrance penetrates the eaves and satisfies my innermost self.\n\nIn the wushen year [1668], tenth month, the old man of seventy-three, Yuncong.  [seal]  Xiao Yuncong.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "9 additional seals:  2 of Chen Yixi \u9673\u5955\u79a7 (1646-1709); 4 of Li Yufen \u674e\u7389\u68fb [Li Yunhu \u674e\u97f5\u6e56] (active mid-1800s); 3 unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698417, "title": "The Plum Scenery Studio: Wu Hufan and His Circle in Modern Shanghai", "description": "<i>The Plum Scenery Studio: Wu Hufan and His Circle in Modern Shanghai</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 31-November 8, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-31T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Conference on Oriental-Western Literary and Cultural Relations</em>. Indiana University, Bloomington, IN (1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</em>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Chen Yixi \u9673\u5955\u79a7 [1648\u20131709]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Li Yufen \u674e\u7389\u68fb [mid-1800s], Yangzhou, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Wu Hufan \u5433\u6e56\u5e06 [1894\u20131968], Shanghai, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Qin Tongli \u79e6\u901a\u7406 [early 1900s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131955", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1955\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["55.302g"], "did_you_know": "The hardy white prunus blossoms in the poetic inscription and the painting itself identify this as a late winter scene.", "description": "Throughout his lifetime, Xiao Yuncong visited Nanjing and Yangzhou, cities embedded in the fertile and water-rich Jiangnan region, as reflected in his paintings. Xiao painted from nature, and his landscapes are informed by the seasons and his travels, as well as by his experience as a print designer. Xiao\u2019s fresh, light colors continue to appear in later Shanghai school paintings. <br><br>This album was formerly in the collection of Li Yufen in Yangzhou and then owned by Wu Hufan in Shanghai. While the artist impressed his seal consistently below his poetic inscriptions in the upper parts of the composition, the red seals on the margins and in the lower corners of the paintings are impressions by the album\u2019s previous owners.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516759"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.302.8-album-of-seasonal-la"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cAn Album of Landscapes by Hsiao Y\u00fcn-Ts'ung.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 44, no. 6, 1957, pp. 121\u2013125.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 121-125; Reproduced: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142218"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 874", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n155"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "p. 119, no. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenzweig, Daphne Lange. \"A Landscape Handscroll by Hsiao Y\u00fcn-ts'ung.\" <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin </em>32, no. 1 (1974-75): pp. 34-56.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 43, 44, 51, figs. 10-12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. <em>The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "cat. no. 38 (B)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 224, pp. 300-301", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 351-359", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.302.8", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.8/1955.302.8_web.jpg", "width": "677", "height": "893", "filesize": "450647", "filename": "1955.302.8_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.8/1955.302.8_print.jpg", "width": "2576", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6369108", "filename": "1955.302.8_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.8/1955.302.8_full.tif", "width": "3209", "height": "4235", "filesize": "40802284", "filename": "1955.302.8_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.8/1955.302.8_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "785", "height": "893", "filesize": "509999"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.8/1955.302.8_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2988", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6660190"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.302.8/1955.302.8_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5667", "height": "6448", "filesize": "109643516"}, "date_created": "2009-11-10T20:41:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 132841, "creators": [{"id": 23575, "description": "Xiao Yuncong (Chinese, 1596\u20131673)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u856d\u96f2\u5f9e", "birth_year": "1596", "death_year": "1673", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-07-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1668, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1668", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1955.302", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Album of Seasonal Landscapes: Late Winter and the Blossoming Plum (No. 8)", "Album of Seasonal Landscapes \u5c71\u6c34\u5716\u518a, Leaf H (previous leaf 8)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:00:06.076000"}, {"id": 164836, "accession_number": "2006.202", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Bedtime, 1940. Charles L. Sall\u00e9e (American, 1911\u20132006). Oil on canvas; framed: 86.4 x 66 cm (34 x 26 in.); unframed: 79 x 66.2 cm (31 1/8 x 26 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of June Sallee Antoine in honor of our parents, Charles Louis Sallee, Sr. and Cora Nell Collier Sallee, 2006.202. \u00a9 The Estate of Charles L. Sall\u00e9e", "current_location": "228B Cleveland Artists", "title": "Bedtime", "creation_date": "1940", "creation_date_earliest": 1940, "creation_date_latest": 1940, "artists_tags": ["May Show", "Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "male", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America, Ohio, Cleveland"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Cleveland School", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 86.4 x 66 cm (34 x 26 in.); Unframed: 79 x 66.2 cm (31 1/8 x 26 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.864, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.66, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.79, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.662, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 The Estate of Charles L. Sall\u00e9e", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left corner: \"Sall\u00e9e\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 230821, "title": "Hardship to Hope: African American Art from the Karamu Workshop", "description": "<i>Hardship to Hope: African American Art from the Karamu Workshop</i>. Maltz Museum of Jewish Heritage, Beachwood, OH (organizer) (September 13-December 31, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-09-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 443702, "title": "Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus", "description": "<i>Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-June 26, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibit by Karamu Artists</em>,. Associated American Artists, New York, NY, (January 7-22, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-07T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Yet Still We Rise: African American Art in Cleveland, 1920-1970. </em>Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, (March 15-April 20, 1996); Butler Institute of American Art, Youngstown, OH (December 22, 1996-January 26, 1997) ; Riffe Gallery, Columbus, OH (April 24-July 12, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-03-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "June Sallee Antoine (the artist's sister)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sall\u00e9e worked as an interior designer for many important clients, including the Cleveland Browns.", "description": "After teaching at Karamu House, Charles Sall\u00e9e went on to become the first African American graduate of the Cleveland School (now Institute) of Art, earning his degree in 1938. Initially focused on painting and printmaking, he subsequently launched a distinguished professional career in interior design. <em>Bedtime </em>is the artist\u2019s most famous image, having earned national renown when it was featured in James A. Porter\u2019s groundbreaking survey <em>Modern Negro Art</em>, published in 1943.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480354"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Cleveland Museum of Art Survey's America's Racial History Through Works by Modern, Contemporary Black Artists,\" <em>Plain Dealer, </em>February 27, 2022.", "page_number": "P. D-2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Porter, James A. <em>Modern Negro Art</em>. New York, NY: Dryden Press, 1943.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 238", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rahn, Zita, and Ursula Korneitchouk. <em>Yet Still We Rise: African American Art in Cleveland, 1920-1970</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Artists Foundation, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark \"The Cleveland Gallery.\" <em>Cleveland Art</em>, no. 49 (September 2009):6.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \u201cA Sampling of the New Acquisitions on Display in the East Wing.\u201d <em>Cleveland Plain Dealer </em>June 21, 2009, P. H6.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Bassett, Mark. \"Charles Sallee's Joyous Work.\" <em>Link 11 (</em>Spring, 2012):5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, Amy Sparks, and Rebecca Michaels. <em>African American Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013. ..", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11; Mentioned: p 20.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2006.202", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of June Sallee Antoine in honor of our parents, Charles Louis Sallee, Sr. and Cora Nell Collier Sallee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "William P. and Amanda C. Madar Gallery", "athena_id": 164836, "creators": [{"id": 7975, "description": "Charles L. Sall\u00e9e (American, 1911\u20132006)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles Sall\u00e9e was born in Oberlin, Ohio, but later moved to Sandusky, where his father established a construction contracting company. Sall\u00e9e learned the building trade from his father but decided to pursue a career in art. In 1931 he moved to Cleveland and attended art classes at Karamu House, then known as the Playhouse Settlement. He studied lithography and etching techniques at the Huntington Poly technic Institute, 1932\u201333. He attended the Cleveland School of Art, 1933\u201338, studying with Carl Gaertner, Viktor Schreckengost, Rolf Stoll, and Paul Travis. In 1939 he earned a B.S. in education from Western Reserve College and began teaching art in the Cleveland school system. In 1936 he joined the local chapter of the American Artists\u2019 Congress. Sall\u00e9e worked on several Works Progress Administration projects, 1936 creating prints, then painting murals. His WPA commissions included work for Sunny Acres Hospital, the Outhwaite Homes, and Cleveland Municipal Airport, as well as the Fort Hays Homes in Columbus, Ohio. He exhibited in the May Shows at the Cleveland Museum of Art (1935\u201346), and in group exhibitions at Howard University (1937) and the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. (1940), the Tanner Art Galleries of Chicago (1940), the Associated American Art Galleries of New York (1941), and Atlanta University (1942). The North Canton Library in Canton, Ohio, organized his first solo exhibition in 1940. He was drafted into the Army Corps of Engineers during World War II and worked as a cartographer and camouflage designer. After the war, he began a career in interior design. For the next four decades, Sall\u00e9e worked for various interior design firms in Cleveland, designing corporate offices, nightclubs, hotels, and restaurants for such clients as Cleveland Trust, Stouffer Hotel, and the Cleveland Browns. <br><em>Transformations in Cleveland Art.</em> (CMA, 1996), p. 236", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1911", "death_year": "2006", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2007-02-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1940, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1940", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:41.875000"}, {"id": 687717, "accession_number": "2025.2", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Composici\u00f3n Constructiva, 1932. Joaqu\u00edn Torres-Garc\u00eda (Uruguayan, 1874\u20131949). Oil on canvas; 77.9 x 58.1 cm (30 11/16 x 22 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchased with funds from the Severance and Greta Millikin Trust and Sundry Art \u2013 Miscellaneous Fund, 2025.2", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "Composici\u00f3n Constructiva", "creation_date": "1932", "creation_date_earliest": 1932, "creation_date_latest": 1932, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Uruguay"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "77.9 x 58.1 cm (30 11/16 x 22 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.779, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.581, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposici\u00f3n Antol\u00f3gica Torres-Garc\u00eda. </em>Museo Espa\u00f1ol de Arte Contempor\u00e1neo, Madrid (organizer) (April-May 1973); Museo de Arte Moderno, Barcelona, Spain (June 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-04-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>L'Avantguarda A Catalunya. </em>Galer\u00eda Dau al Set, Barcelona, Spain (organizer) (March 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-03-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Joaqu\u00edn Torres-Garc\u00eda. </em>XXII Bienal Internacional de S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil (organizer) (October 12-December 10, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-10-12T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Magie der Zahl. </em>Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Germany (organizer) (January 2-May 19, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-01-02T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "B. Cendros, Barcelona", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932 or after", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jorge Mara, Madrid", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932 or after\u2013?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Andre Vlasto, Buenos Aires, sold to Rachel Adler Fine Art, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131996", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Rachel Adler Fine Art, New York, NY, sold to Private Collection, Panama", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Private Collection, Panama, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996\u20132025", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2025", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Joaqu\u00edn Torres-Garc\u00eda repurposed a canvas to make this work of art, painting over one of his previous compositions.", "description": "This painting is emblematic of Joaqu\u00edn Torres-Garc\u00eda\u2019s theory of \u201cUniversal Constructivism\u201d in which the artist combined European geometric abstraction, as espoused by his friend Piet Mondrian, with ancient and Indigenous South American symbols and iconography that evoked the artist\u2019s native Uruguay. The style that Torres-Garc\u00eda borrowed from Mondrian involved building a composition around geometric shapes arranged harmoniously with straight horizontal and vertical lines. The symbols here\u2014the anchor (representing the artist\u2019s transatlantic journeys as well as hope), the snail and fish (references to nature), and clocks (an allusion to the concept of time and its presence in human experience)\u2014frequently appear in the artist\u2019s paintings of the late1920s and early1930s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jardi\u0301, Enric. <em>Torres Garcia</em>. Boston, Mass.: New York Graphic Society, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 184; Mentioned: p. 275, no. 247", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zea, Leopoldo. <em>Ame\u0301rica Latina En Sus Ideas</em>. Paris, Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Unesco; Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bozal Ferna\u0301ndez, Valeriano. <em>Pintura Y Escultura Espan\u0303Olas Del Siglo XX.</em> Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 532-534", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maslach, Adolfo M. <em>Joaqui\u0301n Torres-Garci\u0301a: Sol Y Luna Del Arcano.</em> Caracas, Venezuela: JTG, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 354, no. 207", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bozal Ferna\u0301ndez, Valeriano. <em>Historia de La Pintura y La Escultura Del Siglo XX En Espan\u0303a.</em> Boadilla del Monte, Madrid: Antonio Machado Libros, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 170-171, vol. I", "url": ""}, {"citation": "de Torres, Cecilia, Susanna V. Temkin, Madeline Murphy Turner, and Victoria L. Fedrigotti. \"The Catalogue: Painting &amp; Sculpture.\" In <em>Joaqu\u00edn Torres-Garc\u00eda Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9</em>.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: Cat. no. 1932.52", "url": "www.torresgarcia.com/catalogue/?section=Painting%20Sculpture"}, {"citation": "\"New on View.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 65, no. 4 (2025): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2025-04"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2025.2", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchased with funds from the Severance and Greta Millikin Trust and Sundry Art \u2013 Miscellaneous Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 687717, "creators": [{"id": 46071, "description": "Joaqu\u00edn Torres-Garc\u00eda (Uruguayan, 1874\u20131949)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1874", "death_year": "1949", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2025-03-03T05:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1932, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1932", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": true, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:55:38.652000"}, {"id": 123024, "accession_number": "1943.280", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Processional Cross, c. 1320. Master of Santa Chiara (Italian). Oil on canvas on wood; unframed: 61.3 x 44.2 x 2.6 cm (24 1/8 x 17 3/8 x 1 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1943.280", "current_location": "110A Italian Gothic", "title": "Processional Cross", "creation_date": "c. 1320", "creation_date_earliest": 1315, "creation_date_latest": 1325, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Umbria"], "technique": "oil on canvas on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Renaissance", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 61.3 x 44.2 x 2.6 cm (24 1/8 x 17 3/8 x 1 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.613, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.442, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.026, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 206283, "title": "The Treasury of Saint Francis of Assisi", "description": "<i>The Treasury of Saint Francis of Assisi</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (March 15-June 27, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-03-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 200429, "title": "The Caporali Missal: A Masterpiece of Renaissance Illumination", "description": "<i>The Caporali Missal: A Masterpiece of Renaissance Illumination</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-June 2, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-02-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles A. Loeser, Florence, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Achille de Clemente, Florence (New York sale Jan 15, 1931)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1931", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "William Randolph Hearst (New York, NY Sale 1941)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931-1941", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Mr. Adolph Loewi, Los Angeles, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1941-1943", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This cross is painted on both sides so that while being carried in a procession the images are visible to a crowd; both sides are not quite identical.", "description": "This cross was originally mounted on a tall pole and carried in religious processions. Therefore, the figures on each side are almost identical. In the center is Christ crucified. Looking on from the elaborate terminals at left and right are the Virgin and Saint John. The bottom terminal shows a different saint on each side: Saint Francis on one and Saint Clare on the other. At the top of each side is an angel. Although one angel looks up and the other down, both express intense grief in their faces and gestures. The Master of Santa Chiara is the name given to this unknown artist who painted this and several other works in Assisi. In that city, Saint Francis founded an order of friars while Saint Clare established a counterpart for women called the Poor Clares. The presence of both saints on this cross suggests that it was made for one of Assisi's Franciscian institutions.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514876"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.280-processional-cross"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "American Art Association, Anderson Galleries (Firm), and Achille de Clemente. <em>Italian Furniture of the Renaissance: Rare Majolica, Brocades, Velvets, Renaissance Bronzes, Sculptures, Stone and Terra Cotta Groups, Primitive and Renaissance Paintings</em>. [New York]: American Art Association, Anderson Galleries, 1931.", "page_number": "p. 169, cat. no. 491", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"A Fifteenth-Century Florentine Processional Cross.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 32, no. 1 (1945).", "page_number": "pp. 3-5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141174"}, {"citation": "Offner, Richard, Klara Steinweg, and Hayden B. J. Maginnis. <em>A Critical and Historical Corpus of Florentine Painting. </em>[New York]: College of Fine Arts, New York University, 1930.", "page_number": "pp. 166-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 404", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n74"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Sassetta: Crucifixion with St. Francis.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 3 (1963).", "page_number": "p. 46, fig. 1", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151940"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n82"}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. <em>Italian Pictures of the Renaissance: A List of the Principal Artists and Their Works with an Index of Places : Central Italian and North Italian Schools. </em>London: Phaidon, 1968.", "page_number": "p. 356", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklo\u0301s. <em>Un pittore \"espressionista\" del trecento umbro</em>. Perugia: Facolta\u0300 di lettere e filosofia dell'Universita\u0300 degli studi di Perugia, 1968.", "page_number": "pp. 126-7, figs. 11-12", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 58", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n82"}, {"citation": "Yale University, and Charles Seymour. <em>Early Italian Paintings in the Yale University Art Gallery; A Catalogue. </em>New Haven: Published for the Yale University Art Gallery by Yale University Press, 1970.", "page_number": "p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Louise d' Argencourt, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Cleveland:</em> Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 138-9, no. 49,", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n85"}, {"citation": "Cole, Bruce. It<em>alian Art, 1250-1550: The Relation of Renaissance Art to Life and Society. </em>New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1987.", "page_number": "p. 197, fig. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 147", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morello, Giovanni, and Laurence B. Kanter.<em> The Treasury of Saint Francis of Assisi</em>. Milan: Electa, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 86-7, cat. no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cook, William R.<em> Images of St. Francis of Assisi: In Painting, Stone and Glass : from the Earliest Images to Ca. 1320 in Italy : a Catalogue</em>. Firenze: L.S. Olschki, 1999.", "page_number": "pp. 85-6, cat. no. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levkoff, Mary L. <em>Hearst, the Collector.</em> New York: Abrams, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 131, fig. 8.7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., Dilys Blum, Bartolomeo Caporali, and Giacomo Caporali. <em>The Caporali Missal: A Masterpiece of Renaissance Illumination.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "pp. 114-5, cat. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Andergassen, Leo. <em>L'iconografia di Sant'Antonio di Padova dal XIII al XVI secolo in Italia. </em>Padova: Centro studi antoniani, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 206, no. 284", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zappasodi, Emanuele. <em>Sorores reclusae: spazi di clausura e immagini dipinte in Umbria fra XIII e XIV secolo.</em>Firenze: Mandragora, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104, note 192", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.280", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "900", "filesize": "121205", "filename": "1943.280_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_print.jpg", "width": "2515", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1038981", "filename": "1943.280_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_full.tif", "width": "4282", "height": "5789", "filesize": "74409028", "filename": "1943.280_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "65151"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2623", "height": "3400", "filesize": "801352"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5683", "height": "7365", "filesize": "125587944"}, "date_created": "2012-11-19T15:26:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "696", "height": "893", "filesize": "65318"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2649", "height": "3400", "filesize": "820979"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5805", "height": "7448", "filesize": "129728988"}, "date_created": "2012-11-19T15:04:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "699", "height": "893", "filesize": "299390"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2663", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4477576"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4380", "height": "5592", "filesize": "73511812"}, "date_created": "2009-09-04T14:09:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "642", "height": "893", "filesize": "280373"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2445", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4156764"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4125", "height": "5737", "filesize": "94693504"}, "date_created": "2009-09-04T14:27:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "638", "height": "893", "filesize": "405866"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1463", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2371164"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.280/1943.280_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1463", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8992132"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123024, "creators": [{"id": 2227, "description": "Master of Santa Chiara (Italian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1315, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1320", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Crucifixion (double-faced processional cross)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:19:58.728000"}, {"id": 149791, "accession_number": "1980.10", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mt. Qingbian (\u9752\u5f01\u5716), 1617. Dong Qichang (Chinese, 1555\u20131636). Hanging scroll, ink on paper; painting: 225 x 67.6 cm (88 9/16 x 26 5/8 in.); overall: 355 x 92.7 cm (139 3/4 x 36 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1980.10", "current_location": null, "title": "Mt. Qingbian", "title_in_original_language": "\u9752\u5f01\u5716", "creation_date": "1617", "creation_date_earliest": 1617, "creation_date_latest": 1617, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)"], "technique": "hanging scroll, ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 225 x 67.6 cm (88 9/16 x 26 5/8 in.); Overall: 355 x 92.7 cm (139 3/4 x 36 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 2.25, "height_inch": 88, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.676, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "overall": {"height": 3.55, "height_inch": 139, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.927, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 3.585, "height_inch": 141, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 1.045, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's first inscription, signature, and 2 seals:\n\nA painting of the Qingbian Mountains in the manner of Beiyuan [Dong Yuan].\n\nIn the summer of the dingsi year [1617], on the last day of the fifth month, [I] send this to my senior, Zhang Shenqi.  Dong Xuanzai \n[seals] Zhi zhi hao ri jiang guan \u77e5\u5236\u8aa5\u65e5\u8b1b\u5b98; Dong Qichang yin \u8463\u5176\u660c\u5370.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Artist's second inscription and signature:\n\nPiling irons for ten thousand feet guard the purple sky;/ \nWhere puppies are seen on top of clouds, villages and marketplaces lie./ \nIn the splendor of autumn, where is the most worthy spot to spend the day?/ \nAmid the rustling sounds of mountain streams, with a volume in hand, meditating on the Way [Dao]. \n\nInscribed by Qichang.  \n\n(trans. WKH/LYSL)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The puppies in the second line of Dong's poem are a reference to the legend of Prince Liu An of the Han dynasty, who rose to be an immortal and brought with him is whole household, including chickens and dogs.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "4 additional seals: 3 of Li Enqing \u674e\u6069\u6176 (jinshi of 1833); 1 of Weng Wan-go \u7fc1\u842c\u6208 (b. 1918).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "<i>1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 3, 1982-February 28, 1983).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1980</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310041, "title": "Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia", "description": "<i>Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2-December 13, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202963, "title": "Chinese Landscape Duets of Arnold Chang and Michael Cherney", "description": "<i>Chinese Landscape Duets of Arnold Chang and Michael Cherney</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 12, 2015-February 7, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-07-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 307348, "title": "The Arts of Dong Qichang", "description": "<i>The Arts of Dong Qichang</i>. Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, China (organizer) (December 7, 2018-March 10, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Fantastics and Eccentrics. </em>Asia House Gallery, New York, NY (March 23-May 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Compelling Image: Nature and Style in Seventeenth-Century Chinese Painting. </em>Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts (1979).", "opening_date": "1979-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12, 2003-July 16, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Li Enqing \u674e\u6069\u6176 [19th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1800s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Wan-go H. C. Weng \u7fc1\u842c\u6208 [1918\u20132020], Lyme, NH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131980", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Dong Qichang had visited the Bian Mountains, which are part of a low range located not far from Wuxing and Lake Tai in the southern province of Zhejiang.", "description": "Dong Qichang radically transforms the landscape composition into a purely abstract design. He organizes the mountain forms to achieve an overall sense of structure, activating the flow of energy (<em>qi</em>) and the momentum of force (<em>shi</em>) throughout the pictorial design. In his art, brush and ink assume life independent of the depicted forms, so that the painting can be appreciated for \u201cthe sheer marvels of brush and ink.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474317"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.10-mt-qingbian"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. <em>Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles</em>. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: VII, Lists, 247", "url": null}, {"citation": "Qin, Zuyong, and Roger Goepper. <em>Im Schatten Des Wu-T'ung-Baumes: [Gedanken Zur Malerei Von Ch'in Tsu-Yung]</em>. Munchen: Hirmer, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "no. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wu, Nelson Ikon. <em>Tung Ch\u02bbi-Ch\u02bbang, 1555-1636: Apathy in Government and Fervor in Art</em>. Stanford, CA: Board of Trustees of the Stanford University, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>The Essence of Chinese Painting</em>. London: Lund Humphries, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pls. 61\u201363", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 439, fig. 581", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 439, fig. 581", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. \"Ch\u016bgoku kaiga niokeru kis\u014d to gens\u014d\" [Fantastics and eccentrics in Chinese painting]. <em>Kokka</em> (1975): no. 978, pp. 9\u201329 (pt.1).", "page_number": "Reproduced: color pl. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hironobu Kohara \u53e4\u539f\u5b8f\u4f38. <em>Jo I, To\u0304 Kisho\u0304</em> [\u5f90\u6e2d \u8463\u5176\u660c = Xu Wei, Dong Qichang]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304 Ko\u0304ronsha, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170, pl. 38, pl. 39, p. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sullivan, Michael. <em>Symbols of Eternity: The Art of Landscape Painting in China</em>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134, pl. 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 246\u2013247, cat. no. 192", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 6 (June 1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 206; Mentioned: p. 218, no. 282", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "Li, Chu-tsing. \"The Great Tradition in Chinese Painting.\" <em>Asia</em> Vol. 4, No. 4 (November/December 1981): pp. 32\u201337 and 42\u201343.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. <em>The Compelling Image: Nature and Style in Seventeenth-Century Chinese Painting</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Suzuki, Kei \u9234\u6728\u656c. <em>Chu\u0304goku kaiga so\u0304go\u0304 zuroku</em> [\u4e2d\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u7e3d\u5408\u5716\u9304= Comprehensive Illustrated Catalog of Chinese Paintings], \u7b2c1\u5377. \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u00b7\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u7bc7[= vol. 1 American and Canadian collections]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 252, no 277", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barnhart, Richard M., Xin Yang, Chongzheng Nie, James Cahill, Shaojun Lang, and Hung Wu. <em>Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press; Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 234, no. 218", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 94\u201395", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p.62, cat. no. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nishioka, Yasuhiro \u897f\u5ca1\u5eb7\u5b8f and Noriko Miyazaki \u5bae\u5d0e\u6cd5\u5b50. <em>Min</em> \u660e. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakukan, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 82\u201383 no. 89, 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Han, Cho\u0306ng-hu\u0306i. <em>Han'guk kwa Chungguk u\u0306i hoehwa: kwan'gyeso\u0306ng kwa pigyoron</em>. So\u0306ul-si: Hakkojae, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 91, no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hearn, Maxwell K., and Wen Fong. <em>Along the Riverbank: Chinese Paintings from the C.C. Wang Family Collection</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 35, p. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thorp, Robert L., and Richard Ellis Vinograd. <em>Chinese Art &amp; Culture</em>. New York: Abrams, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 323, 9-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lauer, Uta \"Man and the Mountain - Wen Boren's Creation of Tianmushan.\" <em>Oriental Art Magazine</em> XLVIII:2 (2002): 11.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Elkins, James. <em>Visual Studies: A Skeptical Introduction</em>. New York: Routledge, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pl. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mair, Victor H., Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt, and Paul Rakita Goldin. <em>Hawai'i reader in traditional Chinese culture</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn, David Cateforis, and Stephen Addiss. <em>Art History</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  fig. 21-11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schirokauer, Conrad. <em>A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations</em>. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212, fig. 8.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schirokauer, Conrad. <em>A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations</em>. Australia: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 280, fig. 10.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chang, Joseph. \u201cFrom the Clear and Distant Landscape of Wuxing to the Humble Hermit of Clouds and Woods.\u201d <em>Ars Orientalis</em>, vol. 37, 2009, pp. 32\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43, fig. 15", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/29550007"}, {"citation": "Brooke, Sandy. <em>Drawing As Expression: Techniques and Concepts</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6, fig. 1.7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ware, Robert, Raymond Jonson, and MaLin Wilson-Powell. <em>To Form from Air: Music and the Art of Raymond Jonson</em>. Santa Fe, NM: Museum of New Mexico Press, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  Fig 10, pp. 23, 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 38\u201339", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 38\u201339", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Burnett, Katharine Persis. <em>Dimensions of Originality: Essays on Seventeenth-Century Chinese Art Theory and Criticism</em>. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  Fig. 3-1, p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stokstad, Marilyn, and Michael Watt Cothren. <em>Art History</em>. Boston: Pearson, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Fig. 25-12, p. 805", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 107", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Museu de Arte de Macau.<em> Nan zong bei dou: Dong Qichang shu hua xue shu yan tao hui lun wen ji </em>= \u5357\u5b97\u5317\u6597: \u8463\u5176\u660c\u4e66\u753b\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u8bba\u6587\u96c6<em>. </em>Beijing: Gu gong chu ban she, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 398", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 308\u2013313", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Musuem of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 308\u2013313", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shanghai Museum. <em>Dan qing bao fa: Dong Qichang shu hua yi shu te ji</em> [\u4e39\u9752\u5bf6\u7b4f: \u8463\u5176\u660c\u66f8\u756b\u85dd\u8853\u7279\u96c6 = Freeyman of the ink world: Dong Qichang's calligraphy and painting art]<em>.</em> Shanghai: Shanghai shu hua chu ban she, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 2, pp. 138\u2013139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sullivan, Michael, and S. J. Vainker. <em>The Arts of China</em>. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 241\u2013242", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giuffrida, Noelle. <em>Separating Sheep from Goats: Sherman E. Lee and Chinese Art Collecting in Postwar America.</em> Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171, fig. 98", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.10", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.10/1980.10_web.jpg", "width": "305", "height": "893", "filesize": "229432", "filename": "1980.10_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.10/1980.10_print.jpg", "width": "1163", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2932865", "filename": "1980.10_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.10/1980.10_full.tif", "width": "2376", "height": "6944", "filesize": "49518760", "filename": "1980.10_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.10/1980.10_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "293", "height": "893", "filesize": "222389"}, "print": {"url": 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"filesize": "517108"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.10/1980.10_alt10_print.jpg", "width": "2400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6735386"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.10/1980.10_alt10_full.tif", "width": "2440", "height": "3456", "filesize": "25319872"}, "date_created": "2009-12-08T23:45:50", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149791, "creators": [{"id": 22133, "description": "Dong Qichang (Chinese, 1555\u20131636)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u8463\u5176\u660c", "birth_year": "1555", "death_year": "1636", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1617, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1617", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mt. Qingbian \u9752\u5f01\u5716"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:43:48.301000"}, {"id": 155626, "accession_number": "1990.7", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Lock at Pontoise, 1872. Camille Pissarro (French, 1830\u20131903). Oil on fabric; framed: 76.8 x 105.7 x 11.4 cm (30 1/4 x 41 5/8 x 4 1/2 in.); unframed: 53 x 83 cm (20 7/8 x 32 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1990.7", "current_location": null, "title": "The Lock at Pontoise", "creation_date": "1872", "creation_date_earliest": 1872, "creation_date_latest": 1872, "artists_tags": ["Jewish artists", "male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76.8 x 105.7 x 11.4 cm (30 1/4 x 41 5/8 x 4 1/2 in.); Unframed: 53 x 83 cm (20 7/8 x 32 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.768, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.057, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.114, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5, "length": 0.065, "length_inch": 2, "length_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.53, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.83, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: C. Pissarro 1872\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 221052, "title": "Masters of Impressionism", "description": "<i>Masters of Impressionism</i>. Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico (November 17, 1998-February 28, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-11-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 232433, "title": "Paul Durand-Ruel and Impressionism", "description": "<i>Paul Durand-Ruel and Impressionism</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Luxembourg, Paris, France (October 15, 2014-February 8, 2015); National Gallery, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (March 4-May 31, 2015); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (June 18-September 13, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222011, "title": "Camille Pissarro - The First Among the Impressionists", "description": "<i>Camille Pissarro - The First Among the Impressionists</i>. Mus\u00e9e Marmottan Monet, 75016,  Paris, France (organizer) (February 23-July 16, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 665818, "title": "The Honest Eye: Camille Pissarro's Impressionism", "description": "<i>The Honest Eye: Camille Pissarro's Impressionism</i>. Museum Barberini, Potsdam, Germany (organizer) (June 14-September 28, 2025); Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (October 26, 2025-February 8, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-06-14T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Tableaux par Camille Pissarro.</em> Galeries Durand-Ruel, Paris, France (1928).", "opening_date": "1928-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em> Exposition d'oeuvres importantes de grands ma\u00eetres du dix-neuvi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle.</em> Paul Rosenberg, Paris, France (1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Connecticut Collects-An Exhibition of Privately Owned Works of Art in Connecticut.</em> Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford,CT (1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Pissarro</em>. Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom; Grand Palais, Paris, France; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (1980-81).", "opening_date": "1980-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Guasco", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Prior to Guasco, the Wildenstein catalogue raisonn\u00e9 says that Durand-Ruel, London purchased the painting from Pissarro on May 25, 1872 and then sold it to Tissot on November 17, 1873.&nbsp; In spite of the specificity of these dates, the catalogue raisonn\u00e9 precedes each transaction with a question mark, suggesting some degree of uncertainty.&nbsp; Additionally, several handwritten notations found throughout CMA\u2019s file on the painting indicate that the Durand-Ruel reference is erroneous.&nbsp; Unfortunately, Durand-Ruel\u2019s archives do not provide an answer: Caroline Durand-Ruel Godfroy wrote in 1996 that they cannot say with certainty that the CMA painting was handled by the gallery prior to its ownership by Charles Guasco.&nbsp; Durand-Ruel could confirm, however, that Guasco does not seem to have been a client of the gallery, indicating that it was not from Durand-Ruel that Guasco purchased the painting.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1900", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Guasco sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, June 11, 1900 (no. 60), sold to Louis Schoengr\u00fcn, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1900", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Louis Schoengr\u00fcn, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1900-1901", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Schoengr\u00fcn sale, Paris, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Feb. 7, 1901 (no. 27), sold to Max Behrendt)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1901", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Max Behrendt, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Behrendt is listed as the owner of the painting in the 1939 Pissarro catalogue raisonn\u00e9, and he lent it to exhibitions in 1928 (Durand-Ruel) and 1931 (Paul Rosenberg).&nbsp; Durand-Ruel\u2019s records show that Behrendt, who lived at 11 rue de Mar\u00e9chal Maunoury, Paris, deposited the painting with the gallery on January 31, 1928 for the exhibition, <em>Tableaux de Camille Pissarro, </em>and retrieved it on March 19 of that year.&nbsp; Beyond his address, few details are known about Behrendt\u2019s identity.&nbsp; A Max Behrendt \u2013 or possibly two, a father and son - and his art collection is mentioned frequently in the diary of Paul Landowski.&nbsp; In the list of \u201cNoms des personnes\u201d in the diary, there is a Max Behrendt listed with the life dates 1894-1962 and described as \u201ca Swiss actor, dancer, scriptwriter and producer.\u201d However, Landowksi\u2019s entry for August 15, 1928 refers to Behrendt\u2019s 70th birthday, suggesting a birth year of 1858.&nbsp; Other diary entries discuss Behrendt in connection with banking and finance, suggesting that perhaps he \u2013 or at least one of the Behrendts \u2013 was involved in banking/finance rather than theatre. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1901-at least 1939", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Possibly Gouin collection, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The information provided to CMA by David Carritt, Ltd. includes the Gouin collection in the provenance with a question mark; a 1980/1981 Hayward exhibition lists \u201cParis(?), Gouin Collection,\u201d suggesting that while Gouin certainly owned the painting, the location of the collection was uncertain; and in 1991, Burlington Magazine listed \u201cGowin collection\u201d in the provenance.&nbsp; A painting by Monet offered at Christie\u2019s, New York on November 5, 2013 has a Madame Gouin (c. 1952) in its provenance, while a \u201cMadame Gouin\u201d is connected to one F\u00e9lix Gouin in the provenance of a drawing by Renan in the Louvre (RF 29476).&nbsp; The Wildenstein Pissarro catalogue raisonn\u00e9 does not include Gouin in the painting's provenance.</div>"], "date": "?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Mrs. Carmona, sold to Wildenstein", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Details about the identity of \u201cMrs. Carmona\u201d are unknown.&nbsp; It is possible she was related to one \u201cJacques Carmona\u201d of Paris who is listed in the 2005 Pissarro catalogue raisonn\u00e9 as having owned two other Pissarro paintings. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1951", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Wildenstein & Co., New York, sold to Eleanor Allen Cunningham)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-1955", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Eleanor Allen (Lamont) Cunningham [1910-1961], Hartford, CT, by descent to her son, Charles Cunningham, Jr", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Eleanor Cunningham\u2019s husband, Charles C. Cunningham (d. 1979) was the director of the Wadsworth Athenaeum from 1946-1966.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1955-1961", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Charles Cunningham, Jr.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Artemis Fine Arts/David Carritt, Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1990", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1990-", "sortorder": 12}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The river portrayed here is 212 miles (341 km) long.", "description": "Pissarro was instrumental in developing the radically new Impressionist technique of painting quickly outdoors to capture fleeting effects of light and atmosphere. The rushing water and overcast sky in this view of a river lock near the artist\u2019s home at Pontoise, a rural commune about 17 miles northwest of Paris, are rendered with rapid, broken brushstrokes of pure color. Painting directly on canvas without preliminary drawing, Pissarro may have executed this work in a single session. The shimmering surface of broken color conveys the sensation of natural, outdoor light.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21479251"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1990.7-the-lock-at-pontoise"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Durand-Ruel Snollaerts, Claire. <em>Camille Pissarro, le premier des impressionnistes</em>. Paris: Hazan Editions, 2017.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 15, p. 44-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit. <em>Tableaux modernes, pastels, aquarelles, dessins</em>.  June 11, 1900.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Caroline Durand-Ruel Godfroy, letter to Louise d\u2019Argencourt, May 22, 1996, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit. <em>Tableaux modernes, pastels, aquarelles, dessins</em>.  June 11, 1900.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Tableaux par Boudin, Forain, Guillaumin, Isabey, Jongkind, Lebourg, Le\u0301pine, Lhermitte, Pissarro, Sisley, Stevens, Thaulow, Thornley, Troyon, Ziem</em>. Feb. 7, 1901.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Tableaux par Boudin, Forain, Guillaumin, Isabey, Jongkind, Lebourg, Le\u0301pine, Lhermitte, Pissarro, Sisley, Stevens, Thaulow, Thornley, Troyon, Ziem</em>. Feb. 7, 1901.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Paul Rosenberg (Firm : Paris, France). <em>Exposition d'\u0153uvres importantes de grands maitres du dix-neuvie\u0300me sie\u0300cle: pre\u0302te\u0301es au profit de la Cite\u0301 Universitaire de l'Universite\u0301 de Paris, 18 mai-27 juin 1931</em>. Paris: Chez Paul Rosenberg, 1931.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Ludovico Rodo. <em>Camille Pissarro. Son Art-Son \u0152uvre. 1632 Illustrations. [A Catalogue-Raisonne\u0301. With an Introductory Essay by Lionello Venturi.]</em>. 1939.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "David Carritt, Ltd., painting information sheet, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "David Carritt, Ltd., painting information sheet, in CMA curatorial file", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Camille Pissarro, 1830-1903 : Hayward Gallery, London, 30 October 1980-11 January 1981, Grand Palais, Paris, 30 January-27 April 1981, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 19 May-9 August 1981</em>. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1980.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pissarro, Joachim, and Claire Durand-Ruel Snollaerts. <em>Pissarro: critical catalogue of paintings</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute Publications, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>David Carritt, Ltd., painting information sheet, in CMA curatorial file.<br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Snollaerts, Claire Durand-Ruel. Camille Pissarro: Le premier des impressionnistes = the First among the Impressionists. 2017. Cat. no. 15", "page_number": "p, 44-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rodo,Ludovico, and Lionello Venturi. <em>Camille Pissarro; son art--son \u0153uvre</em>. Paris, France: P. Rosenberg, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 156, vol. I; vol. II, pl. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Pissarro: Camille Pissarro, 1830-1903 : Hayward Gallery, London, 30 October 1980-11 January 1981, Grand Palais, Paris, 30 January-27 April 1981, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 19 May-9 August 1981</em>. London: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1980.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. <em>Pissarro and Pontoise: The Painter in a Landscape</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Consolidated Audited Annual Report.\" <em>Artemis </em>89-90 (1991).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 32-33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Ar</em>t 78, no. 3 (June 1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 86", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museo del Palacio de Bellas Artes (Mexico). <em>Maestros del impresionismo</em>. Me\u0301xico, D.F.: Istituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136-137", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: v. 2, p. 491-495, no. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patry, Sylvie. <em>Paul Durand-Ruel: le pari de l'impressionnisme</em>. Paris, France: R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux,2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96, fig. 65; Mentioned: p. 261", "url": null}, {"citation": "Patry, Sylvie, Anne Robbins, Christopher Riopelle, Joseph J. Rishel, and Jennifer A. Thompson. <em>Inventing Impressionism: Paul Durand-Ruel and the Modern Art Market</em>. London, United Kingdom: National Gallery Company, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 261, no. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Pissarro a\u0300 Pontoise</em>. Cergy-Pontoise Val d'Oise, le de\u0301partement, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Snollaerts, Claire Durand-Ruel and Christophe Duvivier. <em>Camille Pissarro: le premier des impressionnistes = the first among the impressionists.</em> Vanves: \u00c9ditions Hazan, [2017]; Paris: Mus\u00e9e Marmottan Monet, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 14-15, cat. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Basch, Sophie. <em>Le Japonisme, Un Art Franc\u0327ais</em>. \u0152uvres En Socie\u0301te\u0301s. Dijon: Les Presses du re\u0301el, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 87-89, fig. 44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fava-Piz, Clarisse. \"The Path to Impressionism: Modern Landscapes.\" In <em>The Honest Eye: Camille Pissarro\u2019s Impressionism, </em>edited by Angelica Daneo, Clarisse Fava-Piz, Christoph Heinrich, Michael Philipp, Nerina Santorius, and Ortrud Westheider, 58-79. Exh. cat. Munich: Prestel, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61; Reproduced: p. 72-73, no. 20", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1990.7", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "572", "filesize": "235234", "filename": "1990.7_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2159", "filesize": "3200479", "filename": "1990.7_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_full.tif", "width": "15083", "height": "9577", "filesize": "433381640", "filename": "1990.7_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "277197"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "4208277"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_alt0_full.tif", "width": "15246", "height": "11433", "filesize": "522955100"}, "date_created": "2017-07-27T10:53:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "573", "filesize": "210037"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2163", "filesize": "3480454"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7844", "height": "4990", "filesize": "117454492"}, "date_created": "2017-07-27T09:27:53", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "802", "filesize": "739058"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2159", "filesize": "5289272"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1990.7/1990.7_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5966", "height": "3789", "filesize": "67869228"}, "date_created": "2007-10-15T18:49:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155626, "creators": [{"id": 1836, "description": "Camille Pissarro (French, 1830\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Camille Pissarro's parents ran a general merchandise business on St. Thomas. After attending boarding school in Paris, Pissarro returned to the West Indies to work for his father from 1847 until 1852. As an artist he was largely self-taught, receiving some instruction from Fritz Melbye (1826-1896), a Danish artist with whom he traveled to Venezuela in 1852. When Pissarro returned to Paris in 1855, he shared a studio with Anton Melbye (1818-1875), Fritz's brother, and with David Jacobsen (1821-1871). He took classes at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts in 1856 and three years later attended the Acad\u00e9mie Suisse, where he befriended artists such as C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Monet (q.v.), and Guillaumin (q.v.). Corot (q.v.) encouraged him to paint landscapes around Paris, and he was listed as Corot's pupil in the catalogues of the Salons of 1864 and 1865. He had met Julie Vellay in 1860, with whom he would have eight children; they married in 1871. Pissarro exhibited regularly at the Salons from 1859 to 1870, although his work received little attention and he sold hardly anything. In 1866 he settled in Pontoise, often returning to Paris where he kept a studio. He frequented \u00c9mile Zola's \"Thursdays\" (weekly literary gatherings) and associated with Manet's (q.v.) artistic circle that gathered in the Caf\u00e9 Guerbois. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71) Pissarro fled with his family, first to Montfoucault and then to London, where he worked with Monet and Daubigny (q.v.) and was introduced to the dealer Durand-Ruel. In 1872 he returned to Pontoise, where he painted with C\u00e9zanne. Around 1869 Pissarro began painting in a purely impressionist style, and in 1874 he helped organize the first impressionist exhibition. He moved to \u00c9ragny-sur-Epte in 1884, where he came into contact with Seurat (q.v.) and Paul Signac (1863-1935) and subsequently began to work in a pointillist style. He eventually found this technique too limiting, and returned to an impressionist mode, often working in series. By the end of his career his landscapes and depictions of city life sold well, and in 1892 he was given a retrospective exhibition at Durand-Ruel. By now, the artist had developed strongly anarchist convictions. Pissarro not only painted and made drawings, he also experimented with etching and lithography.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1830", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1990-01-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1872, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1872", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:04:55.871000"}, {"id": 130150, "accession_number": "1952.529", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fountain with Two Tritons Blowing Conch Shells, c. 1736. Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Black chalk with stumping, and red chalk, heightened with white chalk on beige laid paper; sheet: 37.7 x 22.2 cm (14 13/16 x 8 3/4 in.); secondary support: 39.6 x 24.2 cm (15 9/16 x 9 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1952.529", "current_location": null, "title": "Fountain with Two Tritons Blowing Conch Shells", "creation_date": "c. 1736", "creation_date_earliest": 1731, "creation_date_latest": 1741, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "Black chalk with stumping, and red chalk, heightened with white chalk on beige laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper, laid down on beige laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 37.7 x 22.2 cm (14 13/16 x 8 3/4 in.); Secondary Support: 39.6 x 24.2 cm (15 9/16 x 9 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.377, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.222, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.396, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.242, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower left, in brown ink: Boucher; secondary support, in graphite: [195?]; verso of secondary support, upper center, in brown ink: M / No. 53; center, in graphite: B / [illegible]\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361403, "title": "The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists", "description": "<i>The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists</i>. Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, MN (January 24-March 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361355, "title": "French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections", "description": "<i>French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (September 2-October 15, 1972); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (September 2-October 15, 1972); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (November 3-December 17, 1972); The New York Cultural Center, New York, NY (April 4-May 13, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360893, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings", "description": "<i>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (December 23, 1973-March 15, 1974); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (April 1-May 20, 1974).", "opening_date": "1973-12-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>18th Century Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361404, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher", "description": "<i>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher</i>. Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, Tokyo, Japan (organizer) (April 24-June 23, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-04-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310008, "title": "Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention", "description": "<i>Real Prints: Reproduction or Invention</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 7-May 17, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-04-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310251, "title": "Rococo, Revolution, Restoration", "description": "<i>Rococo, Revolution, Restoration</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 11-September 24, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "<i>Imagination in the Age of Reason</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Possibly Gabriel Huquier [1695-1772], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1771?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(his sale, Paris, Tableaux, Gouaches, Desseins...du Cabinet de M. ***, 1771, no. 89)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As \"Quatorze desseins de fontaines, cartouches &amp;c. par Boucher\"</div>"], "date": "1771", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(possibly sale, Paris, Tableaux...composant le cabinet de M. Rochaz, February 11, 1856, no. 3)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->A group of four drawings described as fountain designs by Boucher in \"encre de Chine, ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s \u00e0 la plume et teint\u00e9s de couleur\" are listed under lot 3 in this sale. The composition of the Cleveland drawing is clearly described (\"Dans le second, ce sont des dauphins qui soutiennent dans une vasque des tritons qui lancent de l'eau par leurs conques\"). However, the disparity of media suggests the Rochaz work was possibly a copy after the Huquier print. The description of it as \"tinted with color\" does not suggest a drawing by Boucher.</div>"], "date": "1856", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Probably M. Marmontel", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1883", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Hotel Drouot, Paris, Aquarelles et Dessins...composant la collection de M. Marmontel, January 25-26, 1883, no. 44)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->As \"Projet de fontaine. Crayon. Haut., 35 cent., larg.; 22 cent.\"</div>"], "date": "1883", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Possibly \"M[onsieur] S.\"", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1883-1896", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Hotel Drouot, Paris, Dessins Anciens et Modernes...Appartenant \u00e0 M. S..., June 1, 1896, no. 2)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1896", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Franz Lederer [1899-2000], Palm Springs, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Erich Lederer, Geneva, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1952", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "While translating this drawing into etching, the printmaker Gabriel Huquier replaced Boucher's grotto setting with an architectural niche.", "description": "In this early chalk drawing, Fran\u00e7ois Boucher combined plants, dolphins, rocks, shells, and tritons (mythological creatures that are part man and part fish) into a design that was meant to suggest a fountain in a rocky garden grotto. This sheet represents <em>l'art rocaille, </em>or \"rock and shell art,\" a style of ornament that developed in France during the 1730s and featured decorative compositions with abundant detail. The image was one of seven that the printmaker Gabriel Huquier translated as etchings around the time Boucher completed them. These reproductions helped to bring Boucher's work to a broader audience, including other artists who emulated his style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79911893"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.529-fountain-with-two-tr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Michel, Andr\u00e9. <em>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher</em>. Paris: L'\u00c9dition d'Art, H. Piazza et Cie, 1906.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 141, no. 2554", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1953.\" <em>Art Quarterly</em> 16, no. 4 (Winter 1953): 346-365.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 353", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 594", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n111"}, {"citation": "<em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomas, Hylton. <em>The Eighteenth Century: One Hundred Drawings by One Hundred Artists</em>. Exh. Cat. Minneapolis: University of Minnesoty, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18, no. 6; Reproduced: plate I", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n159"}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. <em>L'Oeuvre dessin\u00e9 de Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (1703-1770): catalogue raisonn\u00e9</em>. Paris: F. de Nobele, 1966", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 968?", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 135", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n159"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections</em>. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 136-137, no. 12; Reproduced: plate 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Slatkin, Regina Shoolman. <em>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher in North American Collections: 100 Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 38, no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ananoff, Alexandre. <em>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher</em>. Lausanne: La Biblioth\u00e8que des Arts, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n197"}, {"citation": "Jean-Richard, Pierrette. <em>L'Oeuvre grav\u00e9 de Fran\u00e7ois Boucher dans la Collection Edmond de Rothschild</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions des Mus\u00e9es Nationaux, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 274, under no. 1096", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sutton, Denys. <em>Fran\u00e7ois Boucher</em>. Exh. Cat. Tokyo: Tokyo Metropolitan Art Museum, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 189, 245, no. 83; Reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Landau, Ellen G. \u201c\u2018A Fairytale Circumstance\u2019 the Influence of Stage Design on the Work of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 9 (November 1983): 360\u2013378.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 367-368, fig. 12", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159834"}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8, pp. 100-101, 288, no. 36; Reproduced: p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Prat, Louis-Antoine. <em>Le dessin franc\u0327ais au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle.</em> Paris: Louvre \u00e9ditions: Somogy, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 174, no. 293", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Michel 2554?; Ananoff 968?", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.529", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_web.jpg", "width": "553", "height": "900", "filesize": "284655", "filename": "1952.529_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_print.jpg", "width": "2088", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3859179", "filename": "1952.529_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_full.tif", "width": "8079", "height": "13156", "filesize": "637754586", "filename": "1952.529_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "551", "height": "893", "filesize": "144899"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2096", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2158250"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4836", "height": "7844", "filesize": "113822808"}, "date_created": "2012-11-14T15:48:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "524", "height": "893", "filesize": "460696"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1202", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2504963"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.529/1952.529_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1202", "height": "2048", "filesize": "7388004"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130150, "creators": [{"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1731, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1736", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Fountain"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-03 11:06:03.988000"}, {"id": 142731, "accession_number": "1966.440", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flower Study of a Wild Rose, c. 1885\u20131915. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Gold, silver, enamel, diamond, jade, rock crystal; overall: 10.2 x 4.5 cm (4 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.440", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Flower Study of a Wild Rose", "creation_date": "c. 1885\u20131915", "creation_date_earliest": 1885, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "gold, silver, enamel, diamond, jade, rock crystal", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 10.2 x 4.5 cm (4 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.102, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.045, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.447.b", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Perch for the Parrot on a Perch", "creation_date": "1896\u20131903", "creation_date_earliest": 1896, "creation_date_latest": 1903, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "Silver, enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 15.3 x 7.4 cm (6 x 2 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.153, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.074, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. 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The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211192, "title": "Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (February 14-July 27, 2003); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 12, 2003-January 4, 2004); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 8-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Christie's, London, November 25, 1958, lot 152)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1958", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-1966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This perch is part of a figure of a parrot sitting on a perch.", "description": "This frame is meant to hold a hardstone parrot sitting on a perch. In creating luxurious accessories for a desk or tabletop, Faberg\u00e9 often used native hardstones such as multicolored agate and jasper, green nephrite, pink rhodonite, and rock crystal found in the Ural Mountains of western Russia. By paying careful attention to the unique colors and textures of the stones, Faberg\u00e9 and his craftsmen brought them to life, turning milky agate into a begging poodle or green and black jasper into a parrot sitting on a perch. The use of native materials also promoted Russian nationalism, which appealed greatly to the tsar and his family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752032"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.447.b-perch-for-the-parrot"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 14-5, cat. 3.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 109, cat. 88", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Faberge\u0301, Peter Carl, and Deborah E. Horowitz. <em>The Faberge\u0301 Menagerie</em>. 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Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": null, "sortable_date": 1896, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1896\u20131903", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1966.447", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:00.967000"}, {"id": 142745, "accession_number": "1966.451", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sleeping Puppies on a Mat, c. 1895\u20131915. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Agate, chalcedony; overall: 2.9 x 11.7 x 9.9 cm (1 1/8 x 4 5/8 x 3 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.451", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Sleeping Puppies on a Mat", "creation_date": "c. 1895\u20131915", "creation_date_earliest": 1895, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "agate, chalcedony", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 2.9 x 11.7 x 9.9 cm (1 1/8 x 4 5/8 x 3 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.029, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.117, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.099, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211192, "title": "Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (February 14-July 27, 2003); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 12, 2003-January 4, 2004); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 8-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Faberg\u00e9's artisans used multiple types of stone to make each puppy unique. Even the little rug they are sleeping on is made of stone.", "description": "In creating luxurious accessories for a desk or tabletop, Faberg\u00e9 often used native hardstones such as multicolored agate and jasper, green nephrite, pink rhodonite, and rock crystal found in the Ural Mountains of western Russia. By paying careful attention to the unique colors and textures of the stones, Faberg\u00e9 and his craftsmen brought them to life, turning milky agate into a begging poodle or brown and black jasper into these sleeping puppies. The use of native materials also promoted Russian nationalism, which appealed greatly to the tsar and his family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758724"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.451-sleeping-puppies-on"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 64-5, cat. 28.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduce: p. 108, cat. 85.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Faberge\u0301, Peter Carl, and Deborah E. Horowitz. <em>The Faberge\u0301 Menagerie</em>. London: Philip Wilson Pub, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 125, cat. 59.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/196795062"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 185, cat. 85.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.451", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "455566", "filename": "1966.451_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3411076", "filename": "1966.451_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66616332", "filename": "1966.451_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "399537"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3234930"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66616508"}, "date_created": "2007-08-06T17:39:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "508870"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3756456"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66616704"}, "date_created": "2007-08-06T16:15:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "445080"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "3503309"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.451/1966.451_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "4080", "filesize": "66616136"}, "date_created": "2007-08-06T16:28:46", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142745, "creators": [{"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1895\u20131915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:06.531000"}, {"id": 142785, "accession_number": "1966.484", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Imperial Barometer, 1900\u20131901. Johan Viktor Aarne (Finnish, 1863\u20131934), House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Palisander, silver gilt, ruby; overall: 14 x 12.5 cm (5 1/2 x 4 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.484", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Imperial Barometer", "creation_date": "1900\u20131901", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1901, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "palisander, silver gilt, ruby", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 14 x 12.5 cm (5 1/2 x 4 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.14, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.125, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art (2/12/96-4/28/96); The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (5/25/96-7/28/96); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (8/24/96-11/2/96); New Orleans Museum of Art (12/7/96-2/8/97); The Cleveland Museum of Art (3/9/97-5/11/97). \"Faberg\u00e9 in America,\" exh. cat. no. 74, p. 102; color repr. p. 102.", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (10/19/2008 - 1/18/2009) and the California Palace of the Legion of Honor, Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (2/7/2009 - 5/31/2009): \"Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique\"", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This barometer was likely sold by the Soviet Union between 1934 and 1939 as part of a general selling off of former imperial possessions to raise money for the state treasury.", "description": "After obtaining the official warrant to supply objects for the imperial household and the Russian state in 1885, the House of Faberg\u00e9 became the shop of choice for members of the royal family when purchasing appropriate gifts for the tsar who had everything. Records of these purchases reveal that in 1901 the tsar's brother, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich (1878-1918), bought a barometer in the neoclassical style made from palisander wood just a few days before his brother's 33rd birthday. The description of that barometer matches the one now in this collection and is likely the same object.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754519"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.484-imperial-barometer"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 48-9, cat. 20", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 102, cat. 74", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 202, cat. 25", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}, {"citation": "Hurtt, James and Christel Ludewig McCanless. \"Faberg\u00e9 Barometer Imperial Provenance Discovered.\" <em>Faberge Research Newsletter </em>(Summer 2018). Accessed May 7, 2021.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://fabergeresearch.com/newsletter-2018-summer/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.484", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.484/1966.484_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "301848", "filename": "1966.484_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.484/1966.484_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4628907", "filename": "1966.484_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.484/1966.484_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5500", "filesize": "67977884", "filename": "1966.484_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142785, "creators": [{"id": 8911, "description": "Johan Viktor Aarne (Finnish, 1863\u20131934)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "workmaster", "biography": "Aarne received his training in St. Petersburg and returned to Finland, where he became a workmaster in 1891. 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Milan, Italy: Skira, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: Vol. I, P. 281, no. IV-98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Groom, Gloria. \"Edouard Vuillard.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 76-101. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 76-77; Mentioned: p. 273-274", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Degas and the Laundress: Women, Work, and Impressionism</em> Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.119", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.119/2020.119_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "748", "filesize": "321353", "filename": "2020.119_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.119/2020.119_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2827", "filesize": "3854914", "filename": "2020.119_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.119/2020.119_full.tif", "width": "8326", "height": "6923", "filesize": "172949040", "filename": "2020.119_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 83373, "creators": [{"id": 1833, "description": "\u00c9douard Vuillard (French, 1868\u20131940)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "After attending the Lyc\u00e9e Condorcet, \u00c9douard Vuillard entered the studio of history painter Diog\u00e8ne Maillart (1840-1926). In 1886 he enrolled at the Acad\u00e9mie Julian, where he was taught by Tony Robert-Fleury (1837-1911) and Bouguereau (q.v.). The following year he was accepted into the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and was briefly in the atelier of G\u00e9r\u00f4me (q.v.). At this time he also studied seventeenth-century Dutch painting and the works of Chardin (1699-1779). By 1889 Vuillard was persuaded by his friend painter and theorist Maurice Denis (1870-1943) to join the newly formed group of artists known as the Nabis. The Nabis based many of their ideas on synthetism, first developed by Gauguin (q.v.) and \u00c9mile Bernard (1868-1941), in which the artist was to work not from nature but from memory. Vuillard's initial synthetist works reveal a preoccupation with pattern and bright colors, denying the three-dimensionality of the object. By 1892, however, his colors were more subdued, reflecting his desire to mimic the unusual lighting effects that he had seen in symbolist theater. Vuillard's first major commissions date from this time, including nine panels for the dining room of Alexandre Natanson and four decorative panels for the library of Dr. Henri Vaquez. In 1898 Vuillard visited Venice and Florence, and the following year he and Bonnard (q.v.), a fellow member of the Nabis, made an excursion to London. Later they went to Milan and Venice and eventually to Spain. Vuillard also made trips to Brittany and Normandy. His first public commission came in 1912, when he was asked to paint panels for the foyer of the Com\u00e9die des Champs-Elys\u00e9es in Paris. During that period he moved beyond the synthetism of the Nabis and returned to a more traditional perspective. At the same time he was accepting commissions for portraits. In 1936 he was chosen to paint a mural at the Palais des Nations in Geneva and was subsequently elected to the Institut de France.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1868", "death_year": "1940", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1892, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1892", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.200000"}, {"id": 518779, "accession_number": "2022.92", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Untitled, c. 1958. Beauford Delaney (American, 1901\u20131979). Oil on canvas; 146.1 x 114.3 cm (57 1/2 x 45 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 2022.92. \u00a9 Estate of Beauford Delaney by permission of Derek L. Spratley, Esquire, Court Appointed Administrator; Courtesy of Michael Rosenfeld Gallery LLC, New York, NY", "current_location": "227 Abstract Expressionism", "title": "Untitled", "creation_date": "c. 1958", "creation_date_earliest": 1953, "creation_date_latest": 1963, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "146.1 x 114.3 cm (57 1/2 x 45 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 1.461, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.143, "width_inch": 45, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of Beauford Delaney by permission of Derek L. Spratley, Esquire, Court Appointed Administrator; Courtesy of Michael Rosenfeld Gallery LLC, New York, NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Beauford Delaney: Liquid Light, Paris Abstractions, 1954-1970. </em>Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, New York (September 9 - October 30, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-09-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Beauford Delaney: The Color Yellow.</em> High Museum of Art, Atlanta (February 9 - May 5, 2002); The Studio Museum in Harlem, New York (July 10 - September 15, 2002); Anacostia Museum and Center of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (October 11 - December 30, 2002); Sert Gallery, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (February 15 - May 4, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-02-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Abstract Expressionism: Further Evidence, Part 1: Painting.</em> Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, New York (March 14 - July 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-03-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Blues for Smoke. </em>The Geffen Contemporary at The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (October 21, 2012 - January 7, 2013); Wexner Center of the Arts, Columbus, OH (September 21, 2012 - January 5, 2014).", "opening_date": "2012-09-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Riffs and Relations: African American Artists and the European Modernist Tradition. </em>Phillips Collection, Washington, DC (February 29 - January 3, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-01-03T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Beauford Delaney, Paris, FR", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Paul Facchetti, Paris, FR)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Paul Facchetti, Paris, FR", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Bruno Facchetti, Paris, FR, and Brooklyn, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Private Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1998", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2022\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Delaney was a very good friend and inspirational mentor to writer James Baldwin.", "description": "Believing in the power of color to communicate emotions and symbolize ideas, Beauford Delaney loved yellow for its associations of light, healing, and spiritual radiance. In works such as <em>Untitled</em>, he created a sense of happiness and uplift even when his personal circumstances were challenging. Born in the racially segregated southern United States, the artist eventually relocated to Paris during the early 1950s, hoping to live and work more freely as a queer Black man.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117247366"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Leeming, David. \"Beauford, Abstraction, and Light,\" <em>Beauford Delaney: Liquid light, Paris Abstractions, 1954-1970, </em>exh. cat. (New York: Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, 1999).", "page_number": "Mentioned P. 7; Reproduced p. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Powell, Richard J.  <em>Beauford Delaney: The Color Yellow, </em>exh.cat. (Atlanta: High Museum of Art, 2001).", "page_number": "Reproduced P. 37.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Abstract Expressionism: Further Evidence, Painting and Sculpture, </em>exh. cat. (New York: Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, 2009).", "page_number": "Reproduced P. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Childs, Adrienne.  <em>Riffs and Relations: African American Artists and the European Modernist Tradition, </em>exh. cat.  (New York: Rizzoli, 2020).", "page_number": "Reproduced P. 157", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.92", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Frank H. and Nancy L. Porter Gallery", "athena_id": 518779, "creators": [{"id": 32684, "description": "Beauford Delaney (American, 1901\u20131979)", "extent": "execution", "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1901", "death_year": "1979", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2022-09-12T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1953, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1958", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:54:20.417000"}, {"id": 128048, "accession_number": "1950.72", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Equestrian Portrait of the Emperor Maximilian, 1508. Hans Burgkmair (German, 1473\u20131531). Woodcut, in black and white on paper washed blue; sheet: 32.3 x 22.7 cm (12 11/16 x 8 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1950.72", "current_location": null, "title": "Equestrian Portrait of the Emperor Maximilian", "creation_date": "1508", "creation_date_earliest": 1508, "creation_date_latest": 1508, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "woodcut, in black and white on paper washed blue", "support_materials": [{"description": "laid paper prepared with blue watercolor", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Woodcut", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.3 x 22.7 cm (12 11/16 x 8 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.323, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.227, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": "ic./vii", "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "upper center, in block: . IMP\u00b7CAES\u00b7MAXIMIL\u00b7AUG\u00b7 ; lower right, in block: 1508 ; lower right, in block: \u00b7H\u00b7BURGKMAIR", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301170, "title": "Prints 1400-1800", "description": "<i>Prints 1400-1800</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 18, 1956-January 20, 1957); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 1-March 3, 1957); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (November 1-December 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-12-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519582, "title": "Color in Prints", "description": "<i>Color in Prints</i>. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (organizer) (October 10, 1962-January 6, 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 444983, "title": "Hans Burgkmair Woodcuts", "description": "<i>Hans Burgkmair Woodcuts</i>. Staatsgalerie in der Katharinenkirche Augsburg, 86150 Augsburg, Germany (organizer) (May 19-July 29, 1973); Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, D-70184 Stuttgart, Germany (July 29-October 14, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-05-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443826, "title": "Paper in Prints", "description": "<i>Paper in Prints</i>. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (April 28-July 31, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-04-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309886, "title": "Printing in Color", "description": "<i>Printing in Color</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-November 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311458, "title": "Albrecht D\u00fcrer and His Influence", "description": "<i>Albrecht D\u00fcrer and His Influence</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 16-March 10, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-01-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441912, "title": "Chiaroscuro Woodcuts: Hendrick Goltzius and His Time", "description": "<i>Chiaroscuro Woodcuts: Hendrick Goltzius and His Time</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (November 14, 1992-January 10, 1993); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 9-April 11, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-11-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 216834, "title": "Painted Prints: The Revelation of Color in Northern Renaissance and Baroque Etchings, Engravings, and Woodcuts", "description": "<i>Painted Prints: The Revelation of Color in Northern Renaissance and Baroque Etchings, Engravings, and Woodcuts</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 6, 2002-January 5, 2003); Saint Louis Art Museum, St. Louis, MO (February 14-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-10-02T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184690, "title": "Against the Grain: Woodcuts from the Collection", "description": "<i>Against the Grain: Woodcuts from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 17-November 9, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-08-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 288386, "title": "Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art", "description": "<i>Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-December 31, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-08-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Known as \"the last knight,\" Maximilian was an enthusiast of tournaments and hunting; here he wears the type of fluted armor that later would be named for him.", "description": "Presented in full profile, the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (reigned 1486\u20131519) and his mount emulate a classical equestrian portrait statue. The Latin abbreviations inscribed at the top of the page describe him as \u201cAugust Emperor Caesar Maximilian,\u201d a title conceptually equating him with the leaders of the ancient Roman Empire. The two-headed eagle on the banner is the emblem of his dynastic family, the Hapsburgs. This exceptionally rare chiaroscuro woodcut\u2014 printed with black and white inks on paper prepared with tinted wash\u2014represents one of the earliest experiments with this technique. Of the two surviving impressions printed on hand-colored paper, this is the only one that is blue.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780987"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1950.72-equestrian-portrait"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dackerman, Susan. <em>Painted Prints: The Revelation of Color in Northern Renaissance &amp; Baroque Engravings, Etchings &amp; Woodcuts</em>. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "exh. cat. no. 12b, p.117, 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"The Equestrian Portrait of the Emperor Maximilian I by Hans Burgkmair.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>39, no. 9 (November 1952): 223-225.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: p. 224", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141832"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 650", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n120"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n133"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 109", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n133"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 127", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n147"}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 36 no. 10, December 1996", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1996-10/page/8"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 350", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fowler, Caroline O. \"The Currency of Prints and Drawings in the Sixteenth Century.\" IN <em>Jenseits des disegno: die Entstehung selbststa\u0308ndiger Zeichnungen in Deutschland und Italien im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert.</em> Bohde, D., et. al. Petersberg : Michael Imhof Verlag, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: pp. 148-149, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bohde, Daniela, Alessandro Nova, and Anna Christina Schu\u0308tz. Jenseits des disegno: die Entstehung selbststa\u0308ndiger Zeichnungen in Deutschland und Italien im 15. und 16. Jh. 2018.", "page_number": "p. 149\u201351", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kollmann, Nancy Shields. Visualizing Russia in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 102; reproduced: p. 104, fig. 4.8", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Hollstein V.108.323", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1950.72", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.72/1950.72_web.jpg", "width": "631", "height": "893", "filesize": "520998", "filename": "1950.72_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.72/1950.72_print.jpg", "width": "2404", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7123559", "filename": "1950.72_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1950.72/1950.72_full.tif", "width": "3536", "height": "5000", "filesize": "53073756", "filename": "1950.72_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128048, "creators": [{"id": 22920, "description": "Hans Burgkmair (German, 1473\u20131531)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1473", "death_year": "1531", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1950-03-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1508, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1508", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:36:28.524000"}, {"id": 131791, "accession_number": "1954.367", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Conversion of Saul with Christ and the Cross, c. 1645\u201347. Jacob Jordaens (Flemish, 1593\u20131678). Brush and brown wash, gouache and watercolor over black and red chalk, heightened with traces of white; framing lines in graphite; sheet: 33 x 19.9 cm (13 x 7 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1954.367", "current_location": null, "title": "The Conversion of Saul with Christ and the Cross", "creation_date": "c. 1645\u201347", "creation_date_earliest": 1645, "creation_date_latest": 1647, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "brush and brown wash, gouache and watercolor over black and red chalk, heightened with traces of white; framing lines in graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "two sheets (joined) of cream(3) laid paper, laid down on beige(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Flemish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 33 x 19.9 cm (13 x 7 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.33, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.199, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower right, in brown ink: Jordaens", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351015, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 29-June 6, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361417, "title": "Jacob Jordaens 1593-1678", "description": "<i>Jacob Jordaens 1593-1678</i>. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (organizer) (November 29, 1968-January 5, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309575, "title": "Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics", "description": "<i>Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-August 1, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311561, "title": "Flemish Drawings in the Age of Rubens: Selected Works from American Collections", "description": "<i>Flemish Drawings in the Age of Rubens: Selected Works from American Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 4-February 20, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Duke Albert of Sachsen-Teschen (according to cma files). Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna (Lugt 1259-60, not stamped, according to cma files). Otto Burchard (according to cma files). [Heinrich Eisemann, London].", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In order to create the arch at the top of this sheet, which is almost a foot high, the artist added an additional sheet of paper.", "description": "Jacob Jordaens was a prominent artist working in Antwerp in the 17th century. Though influenced in his use of powerful forms and vibrant color by his contemporary, Peter Paul Rubens, Jordaens was notably more realist in his tendencies. This drawing and its companion drawing in the Cleveland Museum of Art's collection (1954.366) are very likely studies for a painting depicting the Conversion of Saint Paul that Jordaens made for the the abbey church at Tongerlo, near Antwerp, in around 1647 (now lost). According to the Bible, in the year following the death of Jesus Christ, Saul of Tarsus (who became Saint Paul) was on the road to Damascus. He was suddenly surrounded by a brilliant light from above, heard the voice of Christ, and became a believer. In this work, Saul appears to have been blinded by the force of Christ's voice and heavenly light. Jordaens used a combination of chalks and wet media such as ink and watercolor to create a swirling mass of bodies bathed in light.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80023384"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.367-the-conversion-of-sa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hulst, Roger Adolf d'. De tekeningen van Jakob Jordaens: bijdrage tot de geschiedenis van de XVIIe-eeuwse kunst in de zuidelijke Nederlanden. Brussel: AWlsk, Paleis der academie\u0308n, 1956.", "page_number": "nno. 129, p. 374", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 586", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n109"}, {"citation": "Roberts-Jones, Philippe, and Leo Van Puyvelde. <em>Le sie\u0300cle de Rubens.</em> Musee\u0301s royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique, Bruxelles. 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 306, no. 332", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roberts-Jones, Philippe. De eeuw van Rubens. Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van Belgie\u0308, Brussel, 15 oktober-12 december 1965. Brussel: Patrimonium van de Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van Belgie\u0308, 1965.", "page_number": "no. 332, p. 306", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301es royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique. Le sie\u0300cle de Rubens. [Exposition] Musee\u0301s royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique, Bruxelles, 15 octobre-12 de\u0301cembre 1965. 1965.", "page_number": "no. 332, p. 306", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael. \"Jordaens Drawings at Antwerp and Rotterdam.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 108, no. 765 (1966): 625-30.", "page_number": "p. 626", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/875111."}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. 1967.", "page_number": "no. 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jaffe\u0301, Michael. <em>Jacob Jordaens 1593-1678.</em> Ottawa: National Gallery of Canada, 1968.", "page_number": "No. 228, p. 204, p. 368,", "url": null}, {"citation": "Logan, Anne-Marie S. Flemish Drawings in the Age of Rubens: <em>Selected Works from American Collections.</em> Wellesley, Mass: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, Wellesley College, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 171, no. 32.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 73, pp. 176-179, p. 294", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"The Conversion of St. Paul by Jacob Jordaens Two Drawings in Washes and Chalks.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 44, no. 2 (1957): 19-22.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142183."}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.367", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.367/1954.367_web.jpg", "width": "564", "height": "893", "filesize": "417140", "filename": "1954.367_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.367/1954.367_print.jpg", "width": "2149", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5903180", "filename": "1954.367_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.367/1954.367_full.tif", "width": "4050", "height": "6406", "filesize": "77863528", "filename": "1954.367_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131791, "creators": [{"id": 2824, "description": "Jacob Jordaens (Flemish, 1593\u20131678)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1593", "death_year": "1678", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1645, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1645\u201347", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Christ Triumphant appearing at the Conversion of Saint Paul", "The Conversion of St. Paul with Christ and the Cross"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:47:31.103000"}, {"id": 141603, "accession_number": "1965.2.a", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Woman with Blond Armpit Combing Her Hair by the Light of the Stars (recto), 1940. Joan Mir\u00f3 (Spanish, 1893\u20131983). Watercolor and gouache over graphite; sheet: 37.9 x 45.8 cm (14 15/16 x 18 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1965.2.a. \u00a9 Successi\u00f3 Mir\u00f3 / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "current_location": null, "title": "Woman with Blond Armpit Combing Her Hair by the Light of the Stars (recto)", "creation_date": "1940", "creation_date_earliest": 1940, "creation_date_latest": 1940, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Spain, 20th century"], "technique": "Watercolor and gouache over graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "white wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Spanish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 37.9 x 45.8 cm (14 15/16 x 18 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.379, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.458, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Successi\u00f3 Mir\u00f3 / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed, lower left, in black gouache: Mir\u00f3", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361483, "title": "Mir\u00f3 by Fondation Maeght", "description": "<i>Mir\u00f3 by Fondation Maeght</i>. Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France.", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 361495, "title": "Mir\u00f3 at Recinto del Antiguo Hospital de la Santa Cruz", "description": "<i>Mir\u00f3 at Recinto del Antiguo Hospital de la Santa Cruz</i>. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 300794, "title": "Year in Review: 1965", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1965</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27-November 14, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-10-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300904, "title": "Fifty Years of Modern Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of Modern Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 15-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518118, "title": "Exposition Miro", "description": "<i>Exposition Miro</i>. Fondation Maeght, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, France (organizer) (July 23-September 30, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-07-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304404, "title": "The Spirit of Surrealism", "description": "<i>The Spirit of Surrealism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 3-November 25, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361484, "title": "Mir\u00f3 in America", "description": "<i>Mir\u00f3 in America</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (organizer) (April 21-June 27, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-04-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361485, "title": "Joan Mir\u00f3: Campo de estrellas", "description": "<i>Joan Mir\u00f3: Campo de estrellas</i>. Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sof\u00cda, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (January 20, 1990-March 22, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-01-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361486, "title": "Joan Mir\u00f3", "description": "<i>Joan Mir\u00f3</i>. Museum of Modern Art, NY (organizer) (October 17, 1993-January 11, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 229586, "title": "Joan Mir\u00f3: The Ladder of Escape", "description": "<i>Joan Mir\u00f3: The Ladder of Escape</i>. Tate Modern, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (April 14-September 11, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-04-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 291279, "title": "Mir\u00f3: The Constellations", "description": "<i>Mir\u00f3: The Constellations</i>. Acquavella Galleries, Inc., New York, NY (organizer) (April 20-May 27, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-04-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Joan Mir\u00f3: Constellations</em>. Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York and Paris (1959).", "opening_date": "1959-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Joan Mir\u00f3: Ceramics 1944, Tempera Paintings 1940 to 1941, Lithographs 1944</em>. Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York (1945).", "opening_date": "1945-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[E. V. Thaw & Co., Inc., New York].", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing was published in book alongside the other works from Joan Miro's \"Constellations\" series, accompanied by poems written by Andr\u00e9 Breton.", "description": "This drawing belongs to a group of 23 works made by Joan Miro between January 1940 and September 1941, which he called \"Constellations.\" All were made in Normandy, where the artist had retreated from the Spanish civil war. Miro juxtaposed blurry layers of watercolor in earthy tones with neatly linear lines in black ink and shapes in white gouache to develop his own language of symbols that suggested, in his words, \"the night, music, and the stars.\" The fifth in the series, this drawing is dominated by a vague figural form at center, who draws a comb through her hair while holding a mirror through which shines the moon and a star. The allover abstract composition was a major influence on later artists, following a 1945 exhibition in New York.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80041157"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n223"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Joan Mir\u00f3: Woman with Blond Armpit Combing Her Hair by the Light of the Stars.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55 (1968): 71-77.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 71-77; Reproduced: pp. 74-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Mir\u00f3</em>. Exh. Cat. Saint-Paul-de-Vence: Fondation Maeght, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Mir\u00f3</em>. Exh. Cat. Barcelona: Recinto del Antiguo Hospital de la Santa Cruz, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 61, no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 199", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n223"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 248", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n268"}, {"citation": "Rose, Barbara. <em>Mir\u00f3 in America</em>. Exh. Cat. Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rolnik, Marc. <em>Mir\u00f3's Constellations: The Facsimile Edition of 1959</em>. Exh. Cat. Purchase, NY: Neuberger Muesum, State University of New York at Purchase, 1983", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; Reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79, no. 38; Reproduced: p. 80, plate VII", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Joan Mir\u00f3 Campo de Estrellas. </em>Exh. Cat. Madrid: Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 114, 153, no. 65; Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lanchner, Carolyn. <em>Joan Mir\u00f3</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 417, no. 160; Reproduced: p. 242", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 264-265, 298; Reproduced: P. 265, cat. no. 112", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.2.a", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141603, "creators": [{"id": 2157, "description": "Joan Mir\u00f3 (Spanish, 1893\u20131983)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1893", "death_year": "1983", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1940, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1940", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1965.2", "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Constellation: Woman with Blond Armpit Combing Her Hair by the Light of the Stars"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:17.140000"}, {"id": 93239, "accession_number": "1926.1664", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Still Life, c. 1924. Preston Dickinson (American, 1891\u20131930). Oil on canvas; framed: 75.5 x 91 x 5.5 cm (29 3/4 x 35 13/16 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 61.2 x 76.5 cm (24 1/8 x 30 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1926.1664", "current_location": null, "title": "Still Life", "creation_date": "c. 1924", "creation_date_earliest": 1919, "creation_date_latest": 1929, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 75.5 x 91 x 5.5 cm (29 3/4 x 35 13/16 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 61.2 x 76.5 cm (24 1/8 x 30 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.755, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.91, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.055, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.612, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.765, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  P. Dickinson", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310243, "title": "The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art", "description": "<i>The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 24-April 9, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Sixth Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting (1926); no cat., see Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art (June 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, NY, Museum of Modern Art, Second Exhibition of Modern Art (1929); NOTE: another Still Life was reproduced as belonging to the CMA in a review of the show in Art News 28 (Part I, 14 December 1929), p. 7.", "opening_date": "1929-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, 20th Anniversary Exhibition (1936), no. 353.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today (1937), no. 49.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Akron, OH, Akron Art Institute, 40 American Painters (December 1945), cat. no. 35, ill. no. 35.", "opening_date": "1945-12-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA:  Works from the Contemporary Collection, July 1-mid-October, 1969", "opening_date": "1969-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, The Magic of Still Life (21 October 1986 - 8 March 1987), no catalogue; Gallery A.", "opening_date": "1986-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Fraernite: Artistic Relations Between France and America (21 July - 18 October 1987), no cat; Gallery A.", "opening_date": "1987-07-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art (24 January - 9 April 1989), Gallery J.", "opening_date": "1989-01-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH, Cleveland Museum of Art, Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum (7 June - 8 September 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Daniel Gallery, New York, bought by the Museum, 1926).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1603.1926", "1664.1926"], "did_you_know": "Commonly thought to be vegetables, eggplants are technically berries.", "description": "Preston Dickinson\u2019s composition presents a seemingly casual arrangement of eggplants and lemons amid a tabletop setting with a bowl, knife, and napkins. A loosely corked bottled beverage stands at left, and a lightly sketched chairback occupies an otherwise empty background.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107563694", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60502133"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.1664-still-life"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"The Sixth Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 13:6 (June, 1926): 144-55.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146; Mentioned: pp. 149, 150", "url": null}, {"citation": "G. U. \"Two Recent American Paintings Acquired for the Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> 14:1 (January 1927): 9-11, 15.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 10; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 552", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n103"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n214"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n214"}, {"citation": "Hall, Jacqueline. \"Modern Art Debut in America Rocked Professionals, Public.\" <em>Columbus Dispatch,</em> 6 June 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 237", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n257"}, {"citation": "Cloudman, Ruth H. <em>Preston Dickinson, 1889-1930</em>. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska Art Association, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.1664", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1664/1926.1664_web.jpg", "width": "1121", "height": "893", "filesize": "723892", "filename": "1926.1664_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1664/1926.1664_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2709", "filesize": "5796196", "filename": "1926.1664_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.1664/1926.1664_full.tif", "width": "4690", "height": "3738", "filesize": "52630572", "filename": "1926.1664_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 93239, "creators": [{"id": 4007, "description": "Preston Dickinson (American, 1891\u20131930)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1891", "death_year": "1930", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-07-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1919, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1924", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 04:59:07.277000"}, {"id": 155862, "accession_number": "1991.165", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Headdress (\u1eb8pa) called At\u00f3f\u00f2j\u1ecd\u0301w\u00f2 (\u201cYou Can Look at It for a Whole Day\u201d), 1920\u201330. Moshood Ol\u00fa\u1e63\u1ecdm\u1ecd B\u00e1migb\u00f3y\u00e8 (Nigerian, c. 1885\u20131975). Wood and paint; overall: 134 x 57.9 x 62.5 cm (52 3/4 x 22 13/16 x 24 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund and Gift of Mary Price, 1991.165", "current_location": null, "title": "Headdress (\u1eb8pa) called At\u00f3f\u00f2j\u1ecd\u0301w\u00f2 (\u201cYou Can Look at It for a Whole Day\u201d)", "creation_date": "1920\u201330", "creation_date_earliest": 1920, "creation_date_latest": 1930, "artists_tags": ["male", "African (from 1900 to present)"], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Nigeria, Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 peoples"], "technique": "Wood and paint", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Mask", "measurements": "Overall: 134 x 57.9 x 62.5 cm (52 3/4 x 22 13/16 x 24 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.34, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.579, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.625, "depth_inch": 24, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.318, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 287107, "title": "African Master Carvers: Known and Famous", "description": "<i>African Master Carvers: Known and Famous</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-July 16, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 375970, "title": "B\u00e1mgb\u00f3y\u00e8: A Twentieth-Century Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 Sculptor", "description": "<i>B\u00e1mgb\u00f3y\u00e8: A Twentieth-Century Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 Sculptor</i>. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (organizer) (September 9, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-09T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Masterpieces of African Art. </em>The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (<em>October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955).</em>", "opening_date": "1954-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "</em>", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Leon Underwood (also known as George Claude Leon Underwood, 1890\u20131970) by purchase from the artist Moshood Olusomo B\u00e1migb\u00f3y\u00e8", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->\"Bamboya [sic, Bamigboye], the Yoruba carver of Omu, Ilorin, province of Nigeria, who carved the Elepa [sic, Epa] mask in Plate 27...He produced this mask and many other fine works over thirty years ago when he did not know he was an artist.\" \"In possession of the author.\" Underwood, Leon. 1948. <em>Masks of West Africa</em>. London: A. Tiranti. Plate 27, pp. 13\u201316, 36\u201337, 46</div>", "<div><!--block-->Green, James, Oluseye Adesola, Anne Turner Gunnison, Efeoghene Igor, William R. Rea, Cathy Silverman, and Yale University Art Gallery. 2022. <em>Ba\u0301migbo\u0301ye\u0300 : A Master Sculptor of the Yoru\u0300Ba\u0301 Tradition</em>. New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery. p. 115</div>"], "date": "1945\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Vincent Price", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Reproduced in 1958 Fagg/Elisofon book <em>The Sculpture of Africa </em>as figure 144.</div>"], "date": "By at least 1958", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mary Grant Price, California or Boston, MA", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->M.G. Price may have received this as a gift from V. Price following their 1974 divorce. She moved to Boston, MA, at an unspecified date. Oral history interview with Robert M. Light, 2008 Apr. 25, Smithsonian Archives of American Art</div>"], "date": "?\u20131991", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH by gift and partial purchase from R. M. Light and Co., Inc. (Santa Barbara, CA)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1991\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Performing this <em>\u1eb8pa</em> mask was an impressive feat of strength; it weighs nearly 45 pounds!", "description": "Carved from a single block of wood, this stunning example of B\u00e1migb\u00f3y\u00e8's complex style was carved when the artist was in his late twenties while living in Omu in his native Ilorin Province. <em>\u1eb8pa</em> masks were performed during an annual or biannual week-long festival. This mask appeared at the festival\u2019s climactic conclusion. The elaborate superstructure revolves around the figure of a richly adorned ruler on horseback carrying a sword and wearing protective amulets on his arms. Three tiers of surrounding small-scale attendants\u2014including messengers, musicians, warriors, and praise singers\u2014represent a scene of court life in miniature, and testify to the warrior-king\u2019s power and prestige.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Green, James, et al. <em>Ba\u0301migbo\u0301ye\u0300 : A Master Sculptor of the Yoru\u0300ba\u0301 Tradition</em>. Yale University Art Gallery, 2022.", "page_number": "p. 115-118", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Underwood, Leon. 1948. <em>Masks of West Africa</em>. London: A. Tiranti.", "page_number": "Plate 27, pp. 13\u201316, 36\u201337, 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "John Pemberton III et. al. The Horse Rider in African Art (London: Antique Collectors' Club, 2011), pg. 186.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Brooklyn Museum. <em>Masterpieces of African Art</em>. Brooklyn:  The Brooklyn Institute of Arts &amp; Sciences, 1954.", "page_number": "P. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robbins, Warren M. <em>African Art in American Collections: L'art Africain Dans Les Collections Americaines</em>. New York: F.A. Praeger, 1966", "page_number": "P. 164", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Trowell, Margaret, Hans Nevermann, and Hans Nevermann. <em>African and Oceanic Art</em>. Panorama of World Art. New York: H.N. Abrams. 1968", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 87", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Front Matter.\" <em>African Arts</em> 6, no. 1 (Autumn 1972):", "page_number": "Reproduced:  inner front cover.", "url": "https://www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/3334630?refreqid=excelsior%3A2adec6cc6f566dee14d5bd2188c0cdda&seq=2#metadata_info_tab_contents"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Selected 1991 Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 2 (1992): 63-83.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 65, 83; Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161350"}, {"citation": "Chemeche, George, and John Pemberton. <em>The Horse Rider in African Art</em>. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lawal, Babatunde. <em>Yoruba. Milan, Italy: 5 Continents</em>, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pl. 54", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"African Master Carvers: Nine sculptors of traditional African artworks rise from anonymity.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 2 (March/April 2017): 32-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 32; Mentioned: P. 32, 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-02/page/n15/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Smith, Fred T., Judith Perani, Joseph L. Underwood, and Martha J. Ehrlich. The Visual Arts of Africa : Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals. Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 174, no. 6.15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Heinrich, Will. \"More Than 90 Art Shows and Exhibitions to See This Fall,\"<em>The New York Times, </em>September 8, 2022. Reproduced.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/08/arts/design/art-design-fall-season.html?unlocked_article_code=AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACEIPuonUktbfqYhkQVUbCybcR8Q86RGLnvnAxvs1nGO7ICWOSDlEiuocB4zF4ErEfq1lIdsv2jDRDPlwDIgSft0ghOlOIx4qDACyvpqPnJlCLXxo-IjiBjxzgcvHBvVl-Ge6K2PjIrs6mOGy5x7Wa2G5UaCPwmRhcFg-2eZtfFGr3HwJx63XQKUiipQlg6BXVt0tTiwAZSKKo_DjFx5_Xd2GZRvf4QM3MPpLDXCRxZXPruJdL3gBTA7OX3h94m0j6NpDOd1xPK33LRYoeseWkqy5T4AnMKeEg6ayWE_1HFYa"}, {"citation": "Green, James. \"Islamic Influence in the Work of Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 Sculptor B\u00e1migb\u00f3y\u00e8,\" <em>\u00ccM\u1ecc\u0300 D\u00c1RA</em>, October 16, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": "https://www.imodara.com/magazine/islamic-influence-bamigboye/"}, {"citation": "Elisofon, Eliot, and William Fagg. <em>The Sculpture of Africa: 405 Photographs</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 1958.", "page_number": "p. 114\u2013115, fig. 144", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1991.165", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund and Gift of Mary Price", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "f8645e86189e4b66b19639f09660af5a", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/f8645e86189e4b66b19639f09660af5a", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155862, "creators": [{"id": 397348, "description": "Moshood Ol\u00fa\u1e63\u1ecdm\u1ecd B\u00e1migb\u00f3y\u00e8 (Nigerian, c. 1885\u20131975)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Nigerian wood-carver. He carved traditional objects (houseposts, bowls, stools) as well as innovative ones (coffee tables, bread boards) in a relatively plain style. He also carved masks, among the finest being an Epa mask (London, BM) on which two women are surrounded by smaller male figures atop the mask superstructure. This piece adheres to Yoruba conventions in that the figures are idealized, static, stoically poised, emotionless and non-narrative, though they display the fullness of life. Large in size, symmetrical and conventionally proportioned, his pieces have relatively smooth surfaces. Wall plaques with narrative scenes, stools, knives, intricate patterning and details are among his more \u2018modern\u2019 works. He taught carving in Omu.<br><br>dele jegede in Grove Art Online<br><a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T096558\">https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T096558</a>", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1885", "death_year": "1975", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1991-12-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1920, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1920\u201330", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The object is largely carved from a single piece of wood, which shows characteristic radial cracking toward the base as would be expected for a wooden object of this age and size. On either side, two smaller figures carrying fans in the uppermost register are carved separately and attached with nails. These openings would have allowed greater flexibility in carving the interior figure. The spacing between the figures on all registers is just enough to allow a hand to pass through. The pigments present have been studied by conservators and scientists at the Yale University Art Gallery as part of the exhibition <a href=\"https://artgallery.yale.edu/exhibitions/exhibition/bamigboye-master-sculptor-yoruba-tradition\">B\u00e1migb\u00f3y\u00e8: A Master Sculptor of the Yor\u00f9b\u00e1 Tradition</a>, and preliminary results are published in the accompanying catalogue. Analysis of the white paint points to the use of clay, possibly kaolin; the black paint includes a charred vegetal material, and analytical results for the red, brown, and yellow paints are typical of naturally occurring earth pigments.", "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Orangun Epa Headdress"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:45.828000"}, {"id": 152349, "accession_number": "1985.203", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Untitled, c. 1900\u20131906. Robert Demachy (French, 1859\u20131936). Gum bichromate print; image: 21.6 x 17.8 cm (8 1/2 x 7 in.); paper: 23.6 x 18.2 cm (9 5/16 x 7 3/16 in.); matted: 45.7 x 35.6 cm (18 x 14 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Mann, 1985.203", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "Untitled", "creation_date": "c. 1900\u20131906", "creation_date_earliest": 1900, "creation_date_latest": 1906, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "gum bichromate print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "PH - French 20th Century", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 21.6 x 17.8 cm (8 1/2 x 7 in.); Paper: 23.6 x 18.2 cm (9 5/16 x 7 3/16 in.); Matted: 45.7 x 35.6 cm (18 x 14 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.216, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.178, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "paper": {"height": 0.236, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.182, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "matted": {"height": 0.457, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.356, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written in blue pencil on verso: \"Coating too thick / not enough bichromate / to [sic] much development in / the high lights [sic] D\"; in pencil on verso: \"couche trop \u00e9pouse\"; \"78\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311875, "title": "Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 24, 1996-February 2, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-11-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Ville de Chalon-Sur-Saone, Musee Nicephore Niepce, Feb. 11 - March 14, 1977: \"Robert Demachy,\" exhibition catalogue no. 423.", "opening_date": "1977-02-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, February 12 - April 20, 1986: \"Year in Review 1985,\" CMA Bulletin, 73 (February 1986), p. 66, no. 96, repr. p. 54.", "opening_date": "1986-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, July 21 - October 18, 1987: \"Fraternite: Artistic Relations  between France and America,\" Gallery A, no exhibition catalogue.", "opening_date": "1987-07-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, November 20,1996 - February 2, 1997: \"Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art.\"", "opening_date": "1997-02-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jacques Demachy", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This photograph captures the sense of interior reflection sometimes found in portraits of their friends and family painted by the Impressionists.", "description": "It is not surprising that the photograph recalls paintings. Robert Demachy, who had started experimenting with photography in the 1870s, was part of the Pictorialist movement, artists from Europe and the United States who argued that photography was a fine art medium. They often found stylistic and narrative inspiration for their photographs in paintings, drawings, and prints.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79936753"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.203-untitled"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1985.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 2 (February 1986): 26\u201371.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 54; Mentioned: p. 66, no. 96", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159930"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 139", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.203", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.203/1985.203_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "893", "filesize": "361997", "filename": "1985.203_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.203/1985.203_print.jpg", "width": "2692", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5582340", "filename": "1985.203_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.203/1985.203_full.tif", "width": "3651", "height": "4611", "filesize": "50534448", "filename": "1985.203_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas A. Mann", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 152349, "creators": [{"id": 98, "description": "Robert Demachy (French, 1859\u20131936)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Robert Demachy French, 1859-1936\r\n\r\nBorn in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Robert Demachy was a banker of independent means whose rarefied and varied interests ranged from racing cars to music, literature, and art. His American wife, Julia Adelia Delano, was related to Franklin Roosevelt. In the field of photography, Demachy was both practitioner and theoretician, writing five books and more than 1,000 articles on aesthetic and technical issues. He was a leader in the manipulative style in which the negative was used as the basis for producing prints that approached aquatint and other intaglio media in their overtly artistic, handworked qualities. He was especially known for his work with the gum bichromate and oil printing processes, the latter of which he pioneered and developed with Alfred Maskell. He later abandoned photography for sketching and drawing.\r\n\tDemachy's photographs often have the quality of paintings, drawings, or intaglio prints and are frequently printed in color. His varied subject matter is often treated in an idealized manner, characteristic of the pictorialism prevalent during the time he worked (roughly 1880-1914). Demachy was a member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de photographie, the Linked Ring, and the Photo-Secession. In 1894 he helped to found the Photo Club de Paris. He was also a member of honor of the Royal Photographic Society and a chevalier of the L\u00e9gion d'honneur. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1859", "death_year": "1936", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1900\u20131906", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:52:29.590000"}, {"id": 152499, "accession_number": "1985.320", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": " (\u540d\u6240\u6c5f\u6238\u767e\u666f\u3000\u6708\u306e\u5cac): The Moon-Viewing Promontory, from One Hundred Views of Famous Places in Edo, 1857. Utagawa Hiroshige (Japanese, 1797\u20131858). Color woodblock print; 33.9 x 22.8 cm (13 3/8 x 9 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Kelvin Smith Collection, given by Mrs. Kelvin Smith, 1985.320", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "The Moon-Viewing Promontory, from One Hundred Views of Famous Places in Edo", "series_in_original_language": "\u540d\u6240\u6c5f\u6238\u767e\u666f\u3000\u6708\u306e\u5cac", "creation_date": "1857", "creation_date_earliest": 1857, "creation_date_latest": 1857, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "33.9 x 22.8 cm (13 3/8 x 9 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.339, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.228, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: Hiroshige ga", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310240, "title": "A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection", "description": "<i>A Private World: Japanese and Chinese Art from the Kelvin Smith Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 14-November 13, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-09-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 178454, "title": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections", "description": "<i>Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2004-April 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 306045, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 11, 2018-January 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-07-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 25-December 2, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-08-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-May 6, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Henri Vever [1854\u20131942], France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131942", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sotheby & Co., London, UK, March 24, 1977, lot 372)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "March 24, 1977", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(R. E. Lewis, Inc., California, sold to Mr. and Mrs. Kelvin Smith)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1977-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Kelvin Smith Collection, Cleveland, OH, given by Mrs. Kelvin [Eleanor Armstrong] Smith [1899\u20131998] given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131985", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1985\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["539.1984"], "did_you_know": "Beginning in the 700s, the Japanese held moon-viewing parties in celebration of the full moon during the late summer and autumn months. A full moon is visible in this print.", "description": "Here, Utagawa Hiroshige\u2019s design places the viewer by pine trees, peering beyond a doorway at the end of a moon-viewing party. The silhouette of a figure with an elaborate hairstyle is visible through a translucent paper door; only the person\u2019s hem trails into view. Another individual remains seated on the floor in the upper right, near a musical instrument and a tray with blue-and-white ceramics, possibly still admiring the autumn moon over ships in Edo (now Tokyo) Bay.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780906"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.320-the-moon-viewing-pro"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Highly Important Japanese Prints, Illustrated Books, Drawings and Paintings from the Henri Vever Collection: Part III</em>. <br>London: Sotheby Parke Bernet &amp; Co., 1977.", "page_number": "lot 372", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Checklist of the Kelvin Smith Bequest.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 7 (1988): 292-95.", "page_number": "p. 292", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160040"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.320", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_web.jpg", "width": "613", "height": "900", "filesize": "262242", "filename": "1985.320_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_print.jpg", "width": "2317", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3620130", "filename": "1985.320_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_full.tif", "width": "7216", "height": "10588", "filesize": "229240612", "filename": "1985.320_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "611", "height": "900", "filesize": "208532"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2307", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2815642"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4782", "height": "7048", "filesize": "101141076"}, "date_created": "2014-07-16T09:46:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "893", "filesize": "468006"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2285", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6763540"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4481", "height": "6668", "filesize": "89673168"}, "date_created": "2009-12-22T15:06:07", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "893", "filesize": "454125"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1376", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2341265"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.320/1985.320_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1376", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8457604"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Kelvin Smith Collection, given by Mrs. Kelvin Smith", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152499, "creators": [{"id": 50381, "description": "Utagawa Hiroshige (Japanese, 1797\u20131858)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6b4c\u5ddd \u5e83\u91cd", "birth_year": "1797", "death_year": "1858", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1857, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1857", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Moon-Viewing Promontory; from the series 100 Views of Famous Places in Edo", "The Moon-Viewing Promontory, from the series One Hundred Views of Famous Places in Edo"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:53:33.992000"}, {"id": 123433, "accession_number": "1943.658.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bahram Gur Arrives at the House of a Merchant, text page (recto), from a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), known as the Great Mongol Shahnama, 1330\u201335. Iran, Tabriz, Ilkhanid period (1256-1353). Opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper; sheet: 45.8 x 34.4 cm (18 1/16 x 13 9/16 in.); image: 19.5 x 29.5 cm (7 11/16 x 11 5/8 in.); text area: 41 x 29.5 cm (16 1/8 x 11 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1943.658.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Bahram Gur Arrives at the House of a Merchant, text page (recto), from a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (940\u20131019 or 1025), known as the Great Mongol Shahnama", "creation_date": "1330\u201335", "creation_date_earliest": 1330, "creation_date_latest": 1335, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Tabriz, Ilkhanid period (1256-1353)"], "technique": "opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Sheet: 45.8 x 34.4 cm (18 1/16 x 13 9/16 in.); Image: 19.5 x 29.5 cm (7 11/16 x 11 5/8 in.); Text area: 41 x 29.5 cm (16 1/8 x 11 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.458, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.344, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "image": {"height": 0.195, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.295, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "text area": {"height": 0.41, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.295, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Script: Naskh", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517994, "title": "The Classical Style in Islamic Painting", "description": "<i>The Classical Style in Islamic Painting</i>. The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 1, 1968-January 4, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443710, "title": "Persian Miniature Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Persian Miniature Manuscripts</i>. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Persian Art</em>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (January 7-February 28, 1931).", "opening_date": "1931-01-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination.</em> Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (October 9, 1933-January 7, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-10-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Persian Art</em>. Iranian Institute, New York, NY (1940).", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (December 15, 1955-February 19, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-12-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Persian Art</em>. Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Rome, Italy (May-October 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic Art Exhibition</em>. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (April 9-May 17, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-04-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>7000 Ans d'art en Iran</em>. Petit Palais, Paris, France (October-November 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Muslim Miniature Paintings from American Collections</em>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy; Asia House, New York, NY (September 1962-February 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Imperial Images in Persian Painting</em>. The Scottish Arts Council, Edinburgh, Scotland (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Georges Demotte [1877-1923], New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1910-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Wells", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Grace Rainey Rogers [1867\u20131943], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1943", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1943", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The <em>Shahnama</em>, a poem written by Firdawsi around 1010, tells the history of ancient Iran.", "description": "In this intense painting, Bahram Gur plunges his sword into the breast of a dragon. A favorite character from Iran's pre-Islamic history, Bahram Gur (reigned 420\u201338 CE) was a popular ruler of the Sasanian dynasty and a great hunter. He took the name \"Gur,\" meaning <em>onager </em>(a wild ass), because it was his preferred game, although he also excelled at killing dragons. <br><br>As evidenced by this illustration's rock formations, tree trunk, and dragon, Iranian painting in the Mongol period borrowed numerous stylistic and spatial elements from Chinese models. With the surging landscape and writhing dragon rendered with equal energy, this is a picture of extraordinary unity and concentration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79900639"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.658.a-bahram-gur-arrives-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Watson, Arnold Talbot and Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). <em>Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Persian Art; Patrons: His Majesty the King, His Majesty Riza\u0304 Sha\u0304H Pahlavi. 7th January to 28th February, 1931, Royal Academy of Arts, London</em>. 1st ed. London: Office of the Exhibition [Printed by Gee &amp; Co.], 1931.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Erdman, Kurt. \"La Mostra d'arte Persiana a Londra.\"<em> Dedalo</em> XI (April 1931).", "page_number": "p. 826", "url": null}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain), Laurence Binyon, Basil Gray, and J. V. S. Wilkinson. <em>Persian Miniature Painting. Including a Critical and Descriptive Catalogue of the Miniatures Exhibited at Burlington House, January-March, 1931</em>. London: Oxford University Press, 1933.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Dimand, Maurice Sven. <em>A Guide to an Exhibition of Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1933.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lorey, E. de. \"\"L'Ecole de Tabriz.\" <em>Revue des Arts Asiatiques</em> I (1935).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Eric. \"Ahmed Musa and Shams al-Din: A Review of Fourteenth Century Painting.\" <em>Ars Islamica </em>VI, pt 2 (1939).", "page_number": "132\u2013133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ackerman, Phyllis. <em>Guide to the Exhibition of Persian Art : ... New York, 1940</em>. New York: The Iranian Institute, 1940.", "page_number": "246", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parke-Bernet Galleries. <em>French XVIII Century Furniture, Paintings, Drawings, Etc., Collection of Grace Rainey Rogers 1943/11/18-20</em>. [N.Y.]: [Parke-Bernet galleries, Inc., auctioneers], 1943.", "page_number": "140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dimand, M.S. \"An Exhibition of Islamic and Indian Paintings.\" <em>Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art</em> XIV (Dec. 1955).", "page_number": "p. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente (Roma). M<em>ostra D'arte Iranica: Catalogo, Palazzo Brancaccio, Roma, Giugno-Agosto 1956</em> [= Exhibition of Iranian Art : Catalogue, Palazzo Brancaccio, Roma, June-August 1956]. Milano: Silvana editoriale d'arte, 1956.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 720", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n131"}, {"citation": "<em>Persian Art Before And After the Mongol Conquest.: [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959. the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor</em>. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 148, p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg and University of Michigan. <em>Persian Art Before and After the Mongol Conquest [Exhibition] April 9-May 17, 1959, the University of Michigan, Museum of Art, Ann Arbor</em>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Art, 1959.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sept mille ans d'art en Iran: [exposition], Petit Palais, octobre 1961-janvier 1962</em>. Paris: Petit Palais, 1962.", "page_number": "192", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n245"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n245"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 278", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n298"}, {"citation": "Rosenzweig, Daphne Lange. \"Stalking the Persian Dragon: Chinese Prototypes for Miniature Representations.\" <em>Kunst des Orients</em> XII 1/2 (1978-1979).", "page_number": "pp. 151\u2013176", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grabar, Oleg, and Sheila Blair. <em>Epic Images and Contemporary History: The Illustrations of the Great Mongol Shahnama</em>. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1980.", "page_number": "pp. 154\u2013155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williams, Marjorie. \"Dragons, Porcelains and Demons: Cultural Exchange Between China and Persia.\" <em>Orientations</em> vol. 18 no. 8 (August 1986).", "page_number": "p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lentz, Thomas W., Glenn D. Lowry, and Gerlach Collection. <em>Timur and the Princely Vision: Persian Art and Culture in the Fifteenth Century</em>. Los Angeles, Washington, DC: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni. <em>The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "pp. 257 and 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Komaroff, Linda, and Stefano Carboni, eds. <em>The Legacy of Genghis Khan: Courtly Art and Culture in Western Asia, 1256-1353</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art; New Haven: Yale University Press [distributor], 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat no. 56, p. 257, fig. 187, p. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curatola, Giovanni, and Gianroberto Scarcia.<em> Iran: l'arte persiana</em>. Milano: Jaca Book, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig.162, pp. 198\u2013199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curatola, Giovanni, and Gianroberto Scarcia. <em>Iran: l'arte persiana</em>. Milano: Jaca Book, 2004.", "page_number": "pp. 198\u2013199", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hagedorn, Annette, and Norbert Wolf.<em> Islamic Art.</em> Hong Kong: Taschen, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 16, p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. \"Color in the Great Mongol Shahnama.\" In<em> Manuscripts in the Making: Art &amp; Science.</em> Stella Panayotova and Paola Ricciardi. London; Turnhout: Harvey Miller, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 217; ill. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coffey, Heather. \"Collapsing Geography and Orientalizing Pigment in a Fourteenth-Century Chromoshpere: Italian Painting and Ilkhanid Ceramics.\" In <em>The Seas and the Mobility of Islamic Art. </em>Radha Dalal, Sean E. Roberts, and Jochen A. Sokoly eds., 38\u201353. Biennial Hamad bin Khalifa Symposium on Islamic Art and Culture, 2021. New Haven: Yale University Press; [Ar-Rayyan, Qatar]: in association with Qatar Foundation; [Richmond, Virginia]: Virginia Commonwealth University; [Education City, Doha, Qatar]: and Virginia Commonwealth University School of the Arts in Qatar, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 47, fig. 2.5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hillenbrand, Robert. <em>The Great Mongol Shahnama</em>. London, Washington, DC, New Haven, CT: Hali Publications Ltd.; Freer Gallery of Art: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, the Smithsonian\u2019s National Museum of Asian Art; Published in association with Yale University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: painting 49", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.658.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_web.jpg", "width": "685", "height": "900", "filesize": "338190", "filename": "1943.658.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_print.jpg", "width": "2586", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4618950", "filename": "1943.658.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_full.tif", "width": "9398", "height": "12354", "filesize": "348339660", "filename": "1943.658.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "683", "height": "900", "filesize": "366766"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2579", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3844931"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10189", "height": "13435", "filesize": "410695544"}, "date_created": "2019-04-24T19:09:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "394", "filesize": "262748"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1487", "filesize": "2234100"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12886", "height": "5637", "filesize": "217942768"}, "date_created": "2019-04-24T19:30:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "550425"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2547", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7333931"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.658.a/1943.658.a_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4837", "height": "6456", "filesize": "93717104"}, "date_created": "2009-07-15T15:49:42", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Grace Rainey Rogers Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123433, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-12-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1330, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1330\u201335", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1943.658", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bahram Gur Arrives at the House of a Merchant:  Illustration from the \"Demotte\" Shahnama of Firdausi (recto)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:21:06.510000"}, {"id": 139454, "accession_number": "1963.262", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Landscape (\u5c71\u6c34\u56f3), early 1500s. S\u014dami (Japanese, d. 1525). Hanging scroll; ink on paper; image: 128.5 x 111.7 cm (50 9/16 x 44 in.); overall: 253 x 137.8 cm (99 5/8 x 54 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1963.262", "current_location": null, "title": "Landscape", "title_in_original_language": "\u5c71\u6c34\u56f3", "creation_date": "early 1500s", "creation_date_earliest": 1500, "creation_date_latest": 1525, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Muromachi period (1392\u20131573)"], "technique": "hanging scroll; ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 128.5 x 111.7 cm (50 9/16 x 44 in.); Overall: 253 x 137.8 cm (99 5/8 x 54 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 1.285, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 1.117, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "overall": {"height": 2.53, "height_inch": 99, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.378, "width_inch": 54, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "<i>Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 615873, "title": "One Thousand Years of Japanese Art [Japan House, New York]", "description": "<i>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art [Japan House, New York]</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-May 1, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309912, "title": "Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting", "description": "<i>Suibokuga: Japanese Ink Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 1, 1985-February 24, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310041, "title": "Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia", "description": "<i>Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2-December 13, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311469, "title": "The Triumph of Japanese Style: 16th Century Art in Japan", "description": "<i>The Triumph of Japanese Style: 16th Century Art in Japan</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19-December 1, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "<i>The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Japanese Ink Paintings from American Collections: The Muromachi period: An exhibition in honor of Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada</em>. The Art Museum, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ (April 25\u2013June 13, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-06-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "originally Soami's only series of Hsiao-Hsiang in Daisen-in, Kyoto, Japan, one of twenty panels in Abbot's Quarters of the Temple", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Kosaka Junzo", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Fukuoka Kotei", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Matsudaira", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(N. V. Hammer, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131963", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1963\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Another part of this composition survives in Kyushu, Japan.", "description": "Kyoto-based painter S\u014dami adapted the small-format Chinese album leaf and handscroll painting compositions belonging to the Ashikaga shogunate to the large-scale paintings he created for residences and Buddhist temples. As curator of the shogunal collection, S\u014dami would have carefully examined its Southern Song and Yuan dynasty Chinese paintings, gaining specialized knowledge of a variety of brush modes, including the soft style used for this painting. The scene is part of a continuous landscape once mounted in the folding screen format. Removed from the screen, this section of the painting was cut down, given new backing papers and a textile mounting with a hanging cord at the top and a roller with knobs at the bottom so that it could continue to be appreciated.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469051"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.262-landscape"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review for 1963.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 10 (December 1963): 263\u2013294.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 62, p. 292; Reproduced: no. 62, p. 285", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974"}, {"citation": "\"Oriental Art Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1963.\" <em>Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America</em> 18 (1964): pp. 69\u201391.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, fig. 14", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20067074"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n303"}, {"citation": "Mayuyama, Junkichi \u7e6d\u5c71\u9806\u5409, ed. <em>Japanese Art in the West</em>. Tokyo: Mayuyama &amp; Co., 1966.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 350; Reproduced: p. 157, pl. 183", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n303"}, {"citation": "Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada \u5cf6\u7530\u4fee\u4e8c\u90ce. <em>Japanese Paintings in Western Collections </em>\u5728\u5916\u79d8\u5b9d : \u6b27\u7c73\u6536\u8535\u65e5\u672c\u7d75\u753b\u96c6\u6210. To\u0304kyo\u0304: \u5b66\u7fd2\u7814\u7a76\u793e, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. II, pt. 1, p. 122; Reproduced: Vol. II, pt. 2, pl. 94", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cZen in Art: Art in Zen.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 9 (November 1972): 239\u2013259.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 16 and 16a, pp. 256\u2013257", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152451"}, {"citation": "Shimizu, Yoshiaki, and Carolyn Wheelwright. <em>Japanese Ink Paintings from American Collections: The Muromachi Period: an Exhibition in Honor of Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada</em>. Princeton, NJ: Art Museum, Princeton University: Distributed by Princeton University Press, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 22, pp. 170\u2013179", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shimizu, Yoshiaki \u6e05\u6c34, \u7fa9\u660e and Carolyn Wheelwright, eds. <em>Japanese Ink Paintings from American Collections: The Muromachi Period : An Exhibition in Honor of Shu\u0304jiro\u0304 Shimada</em>. Princeton, NJ: Art Museum, Princeton University : Distributed by Princeton University Press, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 22, pp. 170\u2013179", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Japanese Art in the World.\" <em>The Sun</em> no. 21 (Winter 1977).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56, fig. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 377", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n397"}, {"citation": "<em>Zaigai Nihon no shiho\u0304</em>[\u5728\u5916\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u81f3\u5b9d = Japanese Art: Selections from Western Collections]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Mainichi Shimbunsha \u6bcf\u65e5\u65b0\u805e\u793e, 1978\u20131981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: vol. 3, no. 66, p. 140, color pl. 66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Eto\u0304 Shun \u885b\u85e4\u99ff. <em>So\u0304ami, Sho\u0304kei </em>\u76f8\u963f\u5f25\u30fb\u7965\u5553. Shohan. To\u0304kyo\u0304: \u96c6\u82f1\u793e, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hamada, Takashi \u6ff1\u7530\u9686 and others. <em>Zaigai bijutsu: Kaiga</em> [\u5728\u5916\u7f8e\u8853: \u7d75\u753b = Japanese Art Abroad (paintings)]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shogakkan \u5c0f\u5b66\u9928, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: color pl. 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., Michael R. Cunningham, and Ursula Korneitchouk.<em> One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 58\u201359, no. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Seiro\u0304 Maekawa \u524d\u5ddd\u8aa0\u90ce. <em>Yama to mizu</em>[\u5c71\u3068\u6c34 = Mountains and Water]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Iwanami Shoten \u5ca9\u6ce2\u66f8\u5e97, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shimizu, Christine. <em>Les Laques Du Japon: Urushi</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 160", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chance, Frank L. \u201cTani Bunch\u014d\u2019s Eight Views of Xiao and Xiang: Origins, Ideas, Implications.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 76, no. 8 (October 1989): 266\u2013279.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 269, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160086"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. <em>The Triumph of Japanese Style: 16th-Century Art in Japan</em>. Cleveland, OH: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with the Indiana University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 44\u201345", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Oriental Art</em> vol. XXXVIII, no. 1 (Spring 1992).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46, fig. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tsuji Nobuo \u8fbb\u60df\u96c4. <em>Sesshu\u0304 to yamatoe byo\u0304bu </em>\u96ea\u821f\u3068\u3084\u307e\u3068\u7d75\u5c4f\u98a8. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Kodansha \u8b1b\u8ac7\u793e, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133, fig. 85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Yu\u0304zo\u0304 Yamane \u5c71\u6839\u6709\u4e09, Takashi Hamada \u6ff1\u7530\u9686, et al. <em>Zaigai bijutsu</em> from the serlies <em>Genshoku nihon no bijutsu [Selections of Japanese Art from Western Collections] </em>\u5728\u5916\u7f8e\u8853. 2nd Edition.. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shogakkan \u5c0f\u5b66\u9928, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 86 and 240, no. 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u5cf6\u5c3e\u65b0 Arata Shimao. <em>Suibokuga: No\u0304ami kara Kano\u0304-ha e </em>\u6c34\u58a8\u753b : \u80fd\u963f\u5f25\u304b\u3089\u72e9\u91ce\u6d3e\u3078. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Shibundo\u0304 \u81f3\u6587\u5802, 1994.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15, fig. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael. \u201cNotes on the Artist S\u014dami and a Lost Painting.\u201d <em>Monumenta Serica</em> 43 (1995): 405\u2013438.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 2, p. 421 and pl. 14, p. 437", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/40727073"}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 108, cat. no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "So\u0306n, Su\u0306ng-hye. <em>The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 15", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55: \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8eKur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 31, p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sin\u00e9ad. \u201cWorking with Japan: An exchange of exhibitions builds enduring relationships.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 4 (July/August 2014): 8\u20139.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8; Mentioned: pp. 8\u20139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-04"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.262", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_web.jpg", "width": "764", "height": "893", "filesize": "532794", "filename": "1963.262_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_print.jpg", "width": "1314", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1614277", "filename": "1963.262_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_full.tif", "width": "1314", "height": "1536", "filesize": "6057140", "filename": "1963.262_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "732", "height": "893", "filesize": "510001"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2788", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8097950"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4900", "height": "5974", "filesize": "87846816"}, "date_created": "2010-10-12T19:20:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "468", "height": "893", "filesize": "295625"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1783", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4594846"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3406", "height": "6494", "filesize": "66381500"}, "date_created": "2010-10-12T14:44:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "764", "height": "893", "filesize": "110592"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1314", "height": "1536", "filesize": "367608"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.262/1963.262_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1314", "height": "1536", "filesize": "389214"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 139454, "creators": [{"id": 5979, "description": "S\u014dami (Japanese, d. 1525)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u76f8\u963f\u5f25", "death_year": "1525", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-05-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Eight Views of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers", "Eight Views in the Region of the Hsiao and Hsiang Rivers"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:08:34.664000"}, {"id": 144279, "accession_number": "1969.117", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Trident with Shiva as Half-Woman (Ardhanarishvara), c. 1050. South India, Tamil Nadu, Chola period (900-13th Century). Bronze; overall: 39.6 cm (15 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1969.117", "current_location": "244 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Trident with Shiva as Half-Woman (Ardhanarishvara)", "creation_date": "c. 1050", "creation_date_earliest": 1050, "creation_date_latest": 1050, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["South India, Tamil Nadu, Chola period (900-13th Century)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 39.6 cm (15 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.396, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213005, "title": "The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India", "description": "<i>The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 6-September 14, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William H. Wolff [1906-1991], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art,", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1969-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The form of the trident\u2014the main weapon of the Hindu god Shiva\u2014dramatically and elegantly encircles his form in which the left side is female and the right side is male. The male side has the matted locks of a yogi piled high on his head; he holds an ax and leans on his mount, the bull. The female side has a jeweled crown, earring, full breast, broad hips, long skirt, and only one arm. The lower hands probably held a stringed instrument. This particular iconic form of Shiva visually indicates that he embodies all phenomena, even if they seem contradictory. He is male and female, destructive and creative, yogi and royal sovereign, hunter and musician.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763544"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.117-trident-with-shiva-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya. <em>Krishna: the Cowherd King.</em> [Los Angeles]: [Los Angeles County Museum of Art], 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23, #10; mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 299", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n319"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 148-149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dehejia, Vidya, Richard H. Davis, Ira\u0304 Na\u0304kaca\u0304mi, and Karen Pechilis. <em>The Sensuous and the Sacred: Chola Bronzes from South India</em>. New York: American Federation of Arts, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  cat. no. 26, pp. 146-149", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fernando, Christopher, Vivian Kung Haga, and Chantal Legros. <em>Beyond Beauty: What Is Real Beauty?</em> San Diego, Calif: Museum of Photographic Arts, 2005.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.117", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_web.jpg", "width": "764", "height": "893", "filesize": "68633", "filename": "1969.117_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_print.jpg", "width": "2907", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1196258", "filename": "1969.117_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_full.tif", "width": "4444", "height": "5196", "filesize": "69309908", "filename": "1969.117_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "745", "height": "893", "filesize": "62209"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2838", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1089864"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4323", "height": "5178", "filesize": "67195516"}, "date_created": "2012-06-07T14:37:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "774", "height": "893", "filesize": "68544"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2948", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1176179"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4292", "height": "4949", "filesize": "63756024"}, "date_created": "2012-06-07T15:07:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "708", "height": "893", "filesize": "42251"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2697", "height": "3400", "filesize": "733002"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3894", "height": "4908", "filesize": "57371108"}, "date_created": "2012-06-07T15:22:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "620", "height": "893", "filesize": "37065"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2359", "height": "3400", "filesize": "624833"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3479", "height": "5014", "filesize": "52366832"}, "date_created": "2012-06-07T15:34:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "793", "height": "893", "filesize": "70398"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3019", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1287234"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.117/1969.117_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4533", "height": "5105", "filesize": "69455236"}, "date_created": "2012-06-07T16:01:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144279, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-07-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1050, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1050", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Shiva's Trident with Ardhanarisvara: Half-Shiva / Half-Parvati", "Trident with Shiva as Ardhanari (Half-Woman)", "\u015aiva's Trident with Ardhanarisvara: Half-\u015aiva/Half-Parvati"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:24:24.050000"}, {"id": 124071, "accession_number": "1944.74", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Luster Dish with Polo Player, 1170\u20131200. Iran, Seljuq period (1037\u20131194). Fritware with luster-painted design; overall: 7.2 x 35.5 cm (2 13/16 x 14 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1944.74", "current_location": "234 Textile Gallery", "title": "Luster Dish with Polo Player", "creation_date": "1170\u20131200", "creation_date_earliest": 1170, "creation_date_latest": 1200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Seljuq period (1037\u20131194)"], "technique": "fritware with luster-painted design", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 7.2 x 35.5 cm (2 13/16 x 14 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.072, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.355, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312068, "title": "For Modern America from the Ancient Near East", "description": "<i>For Modern America from the Ancient Near East</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-March 21, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 520298, "title": "Iranian Ceramics", "description": "<i>Iranian Ceramics</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (October 2-December 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 688299, "title": "American Printed Silks, 1927\u20131947", "description": "<i>American Printed Silks, 1927\u20131947</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 2025-November 8, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-11-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "V. Everit Macy Sr. [1871\u20131930], New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->V[alentine] Everit Macy Sr. was an American industrialist and philanthropist and was involved in local government in Westchester County, New York.</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Parish-Watson & Co., Inc., New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131944", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Where fine clay was unavailable, potters made a paste out of ground quartz, clay, and glass. When fired, the paste created a compact white material called <em>fritware</em> that approximated the appearance of porcelain.", "description": "Luster potters migrated to the city of Kashan in Iran where luster ware reached its greatest height during the 1170s until about 1220. This masterful dish features a mounted polo player, a figure representing the Iranian ideal of beauty with a round moon-like face and fine features.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757043"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.74-luster-dish-with-pol"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Dimand, Maurice Sven. <em>Loan Exhibition of Ceramic Art of the Near East, New York, May 12 to June 28, MCMXXXI</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 52, p. 13; Reproduced: no. 52 [unpaginated]", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dimand, Maurice Sven. <em>Loan Exhibition of Ceramic Art of the Near East, New York, May 12 to June 28, MCMXXXI</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1931.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 52, p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pope, Arthur Upham, Phyllis Ackerman, and Theodore Bestermann. <em>A Survey of Persian Art from Prehistoric Times to the Present</em>. London: Oxford University Press, 1938.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. V, pI. 633B [unpaginated]", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cTwo near Eastern Lustered Bowls.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 31, no. 9 (November 1944): 158\u2013163 and inside cover.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 158\u2013160; Reproduced: p. 163", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141158"}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy. \"A Luster Bowl from Gurgan.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>44, no. 9 (November 1957): 196\u2013197.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 197", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142239"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 25, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 6 (October 1985): 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 347, fig. 42", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann.<em> Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 96\u201397", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. \"Transformations: Art from Islamic Lands in the Cleveland Collection.\" <em>Orientations: The Magazine for Collectors and Connoisseurs of Asian Art</em>, November/December 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 227", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.74", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.74/1944.74_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "202758", "filename": "1944.74_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.74/1944.74_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "2657739", "filename": "1944.74_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.74/1944.74_full.tif", "width": "5466", "height": "4224", "filesize": "69294468", "filename": "1944.74_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.74/1944.74_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "202758"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.74/1944.74_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.74/1944.74_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5466", "height": "4224", "filesize": "69294468"}, "date_created": "2011-07-26T15:44:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.74/1944.74_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1113", "height": "893", "filesize": "750886"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.74/1944.74_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1914", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2173004"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.74/1944.74_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1914", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8822964"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Arlene M. and Arthur S. Holden Textile Gallery", "athena_id": 124071, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1170, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1170\u20131200", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:46.645000"}, {"id": 136507, "accession_number": "1960.79", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Trinity, c. 1460. Laurent Girardin (French, 1478). Oil on wood; framed: 134.5 x 114.5 x 8 cm (52 15/16 x 45 1/16 x 3 1/8 in.); unframed: 114 x 94.5 cm (44 7/8 x 37 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1960.79", "current_location": "110B Late Gothic", "title": "The Trinity", "creation_date": "c. 1460", "creation_date_earliest": 1455, "creation_date_latest": 1465, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Lyon"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 134.5 x 114.5 x 8 cm (52 15/16 x 45 1/16 x 3 1/8 in.); Unframed: 114 x 94.5 cm (44 7/8 x 37 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.345, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 1.145, "width_inch": 45, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.08, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.14, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.945, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 179384, "title": "Draped in Splendor: Renaissance Textiles and the Church", "description": "<i>Draped in Splendor: Renaissance Textiles and the Church</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 7, 2003-September 26, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-09-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Camille Barr\u00e8re (1851-1940), Rome, Italy, by descent to Mme. Albert Cousin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1897-1924", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mme. Albert Cousin (nee Barr\u00e8re), by descent to Albert Cousin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924-", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Albert Cousin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(J. Seligmann & Co., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1960", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1960-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When the painting was acquired in 1960 the artist was not yet identified.", "description": "Fundamental to Christian belief, the Holy Trinity refers to the three divine persons in God\u2014God the Father, here depicted wearing a papal tiara, God the Son, crucified on the cross, and the Holy Spirit, represented as a dove. Juxtaposed with the Trinity's austere depiction are cherubim bathed in radiant red light, possibly influenced by stained glass windows that Girardin also designed in Lyon. God the Father wears a liturgical vestment, a sumptuous and bejeweled cope, or cape, fastened below the neck, typically worn by clergy for processional occasions. It is made of opulent crimson velvet with gold thread forming a large pomegranate pattern.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465856"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1960.79-the-trinity"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review| 1960.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 47, no. 10 (1960).", "page_number": "cat. no. 59", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142422"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cThe Holy Trinity.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 48, no. 4 (1961).", "page_number": "pp. 59-62", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142446"}, {"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, and Jacques Thuillier.<em> French Painting: From Fouquet to Poussin.</em> Geneva: Skira, 1963.", "page_number": "p. 55", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n97"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n97"}, {"citation": "Pearman, Sara Jane. <em>The Iconographic Development of the Cruciform Throne of Grace from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century.</em> Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms International, 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 45-55, no. 261, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings Before 1500.</em> Cleveland: The Museum, 1974. .", "page_number": "pp. 18-20, no. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n104"}, {"citation": "Cha\u0302telet, Albert, Master of Moulins, and J. R. J. van Asperen de Boer. <em>Jean Pre\u0301vost, le Mai\u0302tre de Moulins</em>. [Paris]: Gallimard, 2001.", "page_number": "Fig. 12, p. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. , \"Old Cloth in New Light\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 43 no. 08, October 2003", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2003-08/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The persistence of geometry: form, content, and culture in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 116, color repr. p. 41, no. 21", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1960.79", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.79/1960.79_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "642093", "filename": "1960.79_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.79/1960.79_print.jpg", "width": "2830", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8505136", "filename": "1960.79_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.79/1960.79_full.tif", "width": "4229", "height": "5080", "filesize": "64487064", "filename": "1960.79_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.79/1960.79_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "784", "height": "893", "filesize": "738740"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.79/1960.79_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1750", "filesize": "2814133"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1960.79/1960.79_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1750", "filesize": "8066980"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136507, "creators": [{"id": 46405, "description": "Laurent Girardin (French, 1478)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1478", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1960-04-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1455, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1460", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Holy Trinity"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:58:05.231000"}, {"id": 143649, "accession_number": "1968.104", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nature Divinity (Yakshi), c. 75 CE. India, Mathura, Kshatrapa period (c. 20 BCE\u2013114 CE). Mottled red sandstone; overall: 127.6 x 49 x 25.4 cm (50 1/4 x 19 5/16 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1968.104", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Nature Divinity (Yakshi)", "creation_date": "c. 75 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 70, "creation_date_latest": 80, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["India, Mathura, Kshatrapa period (c. 20 BCE\u2013114 CE)"], "technique": "mottled red sandstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Mathura", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 127.6 x 49 x 25.4 cm (50 1/4 x 19 5/16 x 10 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.276, "height_inch": 50, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.49, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.254, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309889, "title": "Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India", "description": "<i>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(William H. Wolff, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131968", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The prominence of the peacock (enemy of serpents) on the back of her headdress suggests she has the power to protect against snakebite.", "description": "This powerful figure personifies the ideal of the young mother in the form of a nature goddess associated with birth and nourishment. Her iconic stance with the weight equally distributed on both feet indicates that this statue was an object of worship. Her extraordinary headdress, well preserved in the back, and full complement of jewels and ornaments, point to the idea of wealth, which leads to prosperity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757743"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.104-nature-divinity-yaks"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 230", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n254"}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1968.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 23, 1969, pp. 58\u201387.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 62, fig. 13", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20111014"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1968.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 1 (1969): 3\u201350.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 157, pp. 3 and 50; Reproduced: no. 157, p. 30", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152250"}, {"citation": "Dwivedi, Vinod P. \u201cMathura Art in the Museums of the United States of America.\u201d <em>Journal of Indian Museums</em>, 1973, pp. 25\u201326.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 25\u201326, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \u201cMathura Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 64, no. 3, 1977, pp. 83\u2013114.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89, figs. 8 and 9", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152680"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 289", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n309"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris. <em>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 26, p. 85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n30"}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8\u201333.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 33 and 45", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01/page/n31/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sengupta, Arputha Rani. <em>Buddhist Jewels in Mortuary Cult: Magic Symbols</em>. Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Vol. 1, p. 107, fig. 2.81; Mentioned: pp. 110\u2013111", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.104", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_web.jpg", "width": "527", "height": "893", "filesize": "241277", "filename": "1968.104_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_print.jpg", "width": "2007", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3224027", "filename": "1968.104_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_full.tif", "width": "2952", "height": "5000", "filesize": "44301324", "filename": "1968.104_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "530", "height": "893", "filesize": "253375"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2018", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3427353"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3646", "height": "6144", "filesize": "67224284"}, "date_created": "2009-12-08T23:16:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "529", "height": "893", "filesize": "247672"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2013", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3549862"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3638", "height": "6144", "filesize": "67079728"}, "date_created": "2009-12-08T23:17:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "449", "height": "893", "filesize": "214810"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1710", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2988621"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.104/1968.104_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2514", "height": "5000", "filesize": "37733728"}, "date_created": "2006-06-15T16:48:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143649, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-06-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 70, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 75 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Nagini", "Nature Divinity"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:22:28.465000"}, {"id": 148796, "accession_number": "1976.5", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Statue of Heqat, the Frog Goddess, c. 2950 BCE. Egypt, Predynastic (5000\u20132950 BCE), Naqada III (3200\u20133000 BCE)\u2013Egypt, Early Dynastic (2950\u20132647 BCE), Dynasty 1. Travertine (Egyptian alabaster); overall: 15.4 x 14.7 x 15.5 cm (6 1/16 x 5 13/16 x 6 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1976.5", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Statue of Heqat, the Frog Goddess", "creation_date": "c. 2950 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -2900, "creation_date_latest": -2950, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Predynastic (5000\u20132950 BCE), Naqada III (3200\u20133000 BCE)\u2013Egypt, Early Dynastic (2950\u20132647 BCE), Dynasty 1"], "technique": "travertine (Egyptian alabaster)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Predynastic", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 15.4 x 14.7 x 15.5 cm (6 1/16 x 5 13/16 x 6 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.154, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.147, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.155, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "<i>Year in Review, 1976</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, February to 6 March 1977, The Year in Review for 1976, cat.: CMA Bulletin 64, no. 2 (February 1977), no. 2; CMA 1981b, no. 7", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Bruce and Ingrid McAlpine, London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1976", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1976-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This probably represents a puffed-up <em>Bufo viridis</em>, one of two types of \"frogs\" (it is actually a toad) represented in Egyptian art.", "description": "During the Predynastic period statues of animals are much more common than those of humans. This statue of a frog stands at the beginning of a great tradition of animal sculpture in Egyptian art. The sculptor has shown great sensitivity to the natural banding of the stone, using it to enhance the roundness of the animal's form. Small frogs, mostly of faience, are among the most common votive offerings deposited at early temple sites. The frog's exact religious significance in the Predynastic period is unknown, but in later times it was most often identified with Heqat, the goddess who assisted at childbirth.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745777"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.5-statue-of-heqat-the"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cooney, John D. \u201cAn Early Dynastic Statue of the Goddess Heqat.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 7 (1976).", "page_number": "pp. 202-209", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152648"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1976.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 2 (1977).", "page_number": "no.2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152676"}, {"citation": "<em>La Chronique des Arts, supplement a la Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> 89, no. 1298 (March 1977)", "page_number": "p. 38, fig. 155", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n32"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14; Mentioned: p. 13, p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Adele Z. Silver.<em> Guide to the Galleries. Cleveland, Ohio</em>: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "p. 7, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"The Egyptian Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art,: <em>Newsletter of the American Research Center in Egypt </em>125 (Spring 1984).", "page_number": "p. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wildung, Dietrich, and Jean-Baptiste Scherrer<em>. L'E\u0301gypte: traduit de l'allemand par Jean-Baptiste Scherrer</em>. Paris: Citadelles, 1989.", "page_number": "color pl. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Arielle P. Kozloff. <em>An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland]: [The Museum], 1970.", "page_number": "p. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M. \"La Collection Egyptienne du Cleveland museum of Art,\" <em>BSFE</em> 134 (October 1995).<em><br></em>", "page_number": "p. 25, fig. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79-80, color p. 41; Mentioned: p. 79-81", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.5", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "470311", "filename": "1976.5_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "4130027", "filename": "1976.5_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_full.tif", "width": "3890", "height": "3112", "filesize": "36347900", "filename": "1976.5_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "907", "height": "893", "filesize": "421753"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3346", "filesize": "5556683"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3682", "height": "3623", "filesize": "40050396"}, "date_created": "2009-05-20T12:25:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1043", "height": "893", "filesize": "459363"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2910", "filesize": "4798927"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4342", "height": "3716", "filesize": "48434808"}, "date_created": "2009-05-19T19:28:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "923", "height": "893", "filesize": "414755"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3288", "filesize": "5660202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3878", "height": "3750", "filesize": "43657768"}, "date_created": "2009-05-19T19:59:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "924", "height": "893", "filesize": "403352"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3286", "filesize": "5477080"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3892", "height": "3762", "filesize": "43955504"}, "date_created": "2009-05-19T19:46:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "467399"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "4183991"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.5/1976.5_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4221", "height": "3377", "filesize": "42793844"}, "date_created": "2007-06-18T19:48:38", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148796, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-02-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -2900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 2950 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:38:33.501000"}, {"id": 166209, "accession_number": "2008.150", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Female Mask (Gambanda or Kambanda), early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Pende-style maker. Wood, plant fiber, and colorant; overall: 27 x 22 x 28.5 cm (10 5/8 x 8 11/16 x 11 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2008.150", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Female Mask (Gambanda or Kambanda)", "creation_date": "early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1901, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Pende-style maker"], "technique": "Wood, plant fiber, and colorant", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Mask", "measurements": "Overall: 27 x 22 x 28.5 cm (10 5/8 x 8 11/16 x 11 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.27, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.22, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.285, "depth_inch": 11, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Arts Premiers d'Afrique Noire</em>, Cr\u00e9dit Communal de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium (March 5\u2013April 17, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-05T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Faces of the Spirits: Masks from the Zaire Basin, </em>Etnografische Museum, Antwerp, Belgium (1993).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Faces of the Spirits: Masks from the Zaire Basin, </em>National Museum of African Art, Washington D.C. (April 20\u2013September 25, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-04-20T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Field-collected by Belgian territorial administrator, Maurice Matton, in the Bandundu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (then still Belgian Congo)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1934", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ex collection Annie and Jean-Pierre Jernander, Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131996", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Drouot-Richelieu, Paris, France, lot 29, June 29, 1996, sold to private collection)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 29, 1996", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1996\u20132008", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sotheby's, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2008", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2008\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This female mask would have performed in a collective multimedia event with audience participation.", "description": "Realized in typical Central Pende style, this mask is believed to represent <em>gambanda</em>, the chief's wife. In light of Pende theories about gender and physiognomy, the mask is an ideal expression of a woman's facial features and thus reflects her calm, obedient, peaceful, and self-controlled demeanor. The intricate hairstyle consisting of hundreds of miniature twists imitates a once fashionable hairdo. Pende sculptors inherited their position and often worked on the outskirts of the village so that few could see them at work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2008.150-female-mask-gambanda"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Guimiot, Philippe and Lucien Van de Velde. <em>Arts Premiers d'Afrique, Noire</em>. Brussels: Cr\u00e9dit Communal de Belgique, 1977.", "page_number": "fig. 94", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bastin, Marie-Louise. <em>Introduction aux Arts d'Afrique Noire. </em>Arnouville: Arts d'Afrique Noire (91), 1984.", "page_number": "fig. 330", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Herreman, Frank, Constantijn Petridis, et al. <em>Face of the Spirits: Masks from the Zaire Basin.</em> Gent: Snoeck-Ducaju, 1993.", "page_number": "fig. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "de Grunne, M. Bernard. <em>Importarte Vente d'Art Africain Collection: A. et J. P. Jernander. </em>Bruxelles: Droutot-Richelieu, 1996.", "page_number": "lot 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Strother, Z. S. <em>Inventing Masks: Agency and History in the Art of the Central Pende</em>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.", "page_number": "plate 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Strother, Z. S. <em>Pende: The Experience of Art</em>. Milan: 5 Continents Editions, 2008.", "page_number": "plate 24, p. 106", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's. <em>Cataloguing Preview: Arts d'Afrique et d'Oc\u00e9anie. </em>2008.", "page_number": "lot 47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby's. <em>Arts d'Afrique et d'Oc\u00e9anie, d'Asie du Sud-Est: Importantes Collections. </em>2008. Paris: Sotheby's (December 4, 2008).", "page_number": "pp. 202\u2013203", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"New Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art\". <em>African Arts</em>. (44) No. 1, Spring 2011. Pg. 65, Fig. 13.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 34-35", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Smith, Fred T., Judith Perani, Joseph L. Underwood, and Martha J. Ehrlich. <em>The Visual Arts of Africa: Gender, Power, and Life Cycle Rituals.</em> Second edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 275, no. 9.11", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2008.150", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "340337", "filename": "2008.150_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_print.jpg", "width": "2623", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5403222", "filename": "2008.150_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_full.tif", "width": "4554", "height": "5904", "filesize": "80709848", "filename": "2008.150_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "705", "height": "893", "filesize": "357941"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2684", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5701477"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4700", "height": "5954", "filesize": "84012040"}, "date_created": "2009-09-22T14:55:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "755", "height": "893", "filesize": "378311"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2876", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5628977"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4723", "height": "5583", "filesize": "79139296"}, "date_created": "2009-09-10T16:03:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "924", "height": "893", "filesize": "412752"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3285", "filesize": "5660724"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4928", "height": "4762", "filesize": "70434948"}, "date_created": "2009-09-10T17:28:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "842", "height": "893", "filesize": "407869"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3205", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6053857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4414", "height": "4682", "filesize": "62032904"}, "date_created": "2009-09-10T17:44:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "810", "height": "893", "filesize": "390924"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3083", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5238063"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2008.150/2008.150_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4901", "height": "5405", "filesize": "79503920"}, "date_created": "2009-09-10T17:13:39", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 166209, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2008-12-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1901, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Female Face Mask (Gambanda)", "GAMBANDA"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:34:49.119000"}, {"id": 143744, "accession_number": "1968.188.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Judgment of Solomon, c. 1530. Dirk Vellert (Netherlandish, 1480/85\u20131547). Pot metal, white glass, and silver stain; overall: 69.3 x 46.4 cm (27 5/16 x 18 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1968.188.1", "current_location": "112 Northern Renaissance", "title": "The Judgment of Solomon", "creation_date": "c. 1530", "creation_date_earliest": 1525, "creation_date_latest": 1535, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands, South Lowlands, 16th century"], "technique": "pot metal, white glass, and silver stain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Renaissance", "type": "Glass", "measurements": "Overall: 69.3 x 46.4 cm (27 5/16 x 18 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.693, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.464, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Hugo Oelze, Amsterdam; (Edward Speelman, Ltd., London).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Though also a painter and printmaker, Dierick (or Dirk) Vellert is best known as a designer of stained glass. Active in Antwerp, where he became a master of the Guild of Saint Luke in 1511, Vellert richly ornamented his work with garlands, masks, vases, and other classically inspired motifs. A great deal of his glass was exported. As an engraver, his prints owe a good deal to Albrecht D\u00fcrer and Luca van Leyden. These two panels depict famous incidents from the Old Testament featuring the rendering of judgment. Both may have originally been made for a council chamber or a court of justice. Conceivably, because of their subjects, they could have served as models of justice for the magistrates who deliberated within view of them.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753409"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1968.188.1-the-judgment-of-solo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 121", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n141"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.188.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.188.1/1968.188.1_web.jpg", "width": "593", "height": "893", "filesize": "516666", "filename": "1968.188.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.188.1/1968.188.1_print.jpg", "width": "1361", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1416152", "filename": "1968.188.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.188.1/1968.188.1_full.tif", "width": "1361", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8364900", "filename": "1968.188.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.188.1/1968.188.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "137527"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.188.1/1968.188.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2407", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1731367"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1968.188.1/1968.188.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4950", "height": "6992", "filesize": "103863476"}, "date_created": "2012-05-07T13:48:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Lucia Smith Nash Gallery", "athena_id": 143744, "creators": [{"id": 10162, "description": "Dirk Vellert (Netherlandish, 1480/85\u20131547)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1480", "death_year": "1547", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-09-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1525, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1530", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1968.188", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:22:32.491000"}, {"id": 142769, "accession_number": "1966.473", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Turtle Bell Push, c. 1895\u20131915. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Agate, gold, silver, diamonds, rubies; overall: 2.6 x 7.7 x 6.1 cm (1 x 3 1/16 x 2 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.473", "current_location": null, "title": "Turtle Bell Push", "creation_date": "c. 1895\u20131915", "creation_date_earliest": 1890, "creation_date_latest": 1918, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "agate, gold, silver, diamonds, rubies", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 2.6 x 7.7 x 6.1 cm (1 x 3 1/16 x 2 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.026, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.077, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.061, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "7434 scratched", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 211192, "title": "Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (February 14-July 27, 2003); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 12, 2003-January 4, 2004); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 8-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Walters Art Museum (2/14/2003-7/27/2003); Columbus Museum of Art (10/12/2003-1/4/2004); Portland Art Museum (2/8/2004-5/2/2004): \"Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop,\" ex. cat. no. 120, p. 188.", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "To summon the butler, a quick push on the turtle's head would ring the bell downstairs.", "description": "In creating luxurious accessories for a desk or tabletop, Faberg\u00e9 often used native hardstones such as multicolored agate and jasper, green nephrite, pink rhodonite, and rock crystal found in the Ural Mountains of western Russia. By paying careful attention to the unique colors and textures of the stones, Faberg\u00e9 and his craftsmen brought them to life, turning milky agate into this turtle bell push or black jasper into sleeping puppies. The use of native materials also promoted Russian nationalism, which appealed greatly to the tsar and his family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761841"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.473-turtle-bell-push"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 84, cat. 41; reproduced: p. 85", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Faberge\u0301, Peter Carl, and Deborah E. Horowitz. <em>The Faberge\u0301 Menagerie</em>. Exh. Cat. 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"creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142769, "creators": [{"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1890, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1895\u20131915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:44:30.654000"}, {"id": 312995, "accession_number": "2018.24", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Sandy and Her Husband, 1973. Emma Amos (American, 1937\u20132020). Oil on canvas; 112.4 x 127.6 cm (44 1/4 x 50 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2018.24. \u00a9 Emma Amos / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": null, "title": "Sandy and Her Husband", "creation_date": "1973", "creation_date_earliest": 1973, "creation_date_latest": 1973, "artists_tags": ["female", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "112.4 x 127.6 cm (44 1/4 x 50 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 1.124, "height_inch": 44, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.276, "width_inch": 50, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Emma Amos / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361589, "title": "Emma Amos: Color Odyssey", "description": "<i>Emma Amos: Color Odyssey</i>. Georgia Museum of Art, Athens, GA (organizer) (January 30-April 25, 2021) https://georgiamuseum.org/exhibit/emma-amos-color-odyssey/; Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (June 19-September 12, 2021) https://www.mwpai.org/view/exhibitions/future-exhibition/emma-amos-color-odyssey/; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (October 9, 2021-January 17, 2022) https://www.philamuseum.org/calendar/exhibition/emma-amos-color-odyssey.", "opening_date": "2021-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443702, "title": "Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus", "description": "<i>Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-June 26, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 615473, "title": "Project a Black Planet: The Art and Culture of Panafrica", "description": "<i>Project a Black Planet: The Art and Culture of Panafrica</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (December 22, 2024-March 30, 2025) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/10157/project-a-black-planet-the-art-and-culture-of-panafrica.", "opening_date": "2024-12-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>We Wanted a Revolution: Black Radical Women, 1965\u201385</em>. Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (organizer) (April 21 - September 17, 2017); California African American Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 13, 2017 - January 14, 2018); Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY (February 17 - May 27, 2018; Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA (June 26 - September 30, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-04-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the artist's family", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973\u20132018", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Ryan Lee Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The image of the young woman behind the couple is a self-portrait of Amos titled<em> Flower Sniffer </em>(1966), in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum.", "description": "In <em>Sandy and Her Husband, </em>the dancing couple at the center of the image is joined by Amos herself: the artist inserted herself into the picture by rendering an earlier self-portrait, <em>Flower Sniffer</em> (1966), which hangs on the wall behind the couple. However, even as Amos is part of the composition, she is peripheral to the scene, unseen or ignored by the dancers. From the early 1960s until her death in 2020, Amos made paintings, prints, and textiles celebrating African American identity and culture, and often exploring women\u2019s presence within that heritage.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483006"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Liebert, Emily. \u201cAcquisitions 2018: Contemporary Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 59, no. 2 (March/April 2019): 18-19.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 19; Mentioned: P. 18.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Morris, Catherine, Rujeko Hockley, Connie H. Choi, Carmen Hermo, and Stephanie Weissberg. <em>We Wanted a Revolution: Black Radical Women</em>, <em>1965-85</em>. Exh. Cat. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Museum, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 25; mentioned p. 128", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.24", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 312995, "creators": [{"id": 312810, "description": "Emma Amos (American, 1937\u20132020)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1937", "death_year": "2020", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-06-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1973, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1973", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:52.379000"}, {"id": 136822, "accession_number": "1961.318", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study of a Nude Woman, Seated Looking to the Right (recto) Study of a Male Nude (verso), c. 1810. Pierre-Paul Prud'hon (French, 1758\u20131823). Black and white chalk (both stumped). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1961.318", "current_location": null, "title": "Study of a Nude Woman, Seated Looking to the Right (recto) Study of a Male Nude (verso)", "creation_date": "c. 1810", "creation_date_earliest": 1805, "creation_date_latest": 1815, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "black and white chalk (both stumped)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "dimensions": {}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on recto, lower left, in red ink: stamp of Charles-Boulanger de Boisfremont [Lugt 353]; on verso, lower left, in black ink: stamp of Cleveland Museum of Art [Lugt 605e]; watermark, at bottom: unidentified, large chaplet.\n\nON SEPERATELY APPLIED PIECES OF PAPER (now removed), printed in black ink: WALTER S. M. BURNS, ESQ. / To be Sold on giving up his Residence at 50, Grosvenor Street, W. / Sale - Sotheby [inscribed in black ink] / DAY OF SALE / Thursday, May 6th, 1926. ; printed in black ink: PIERRE PRUD'HON. / 134   Study of a Nude Woman seated looking to the Right / Black and white chalk on blue paper / 24 in. by 16 3/4 in. (610 mm. by 425 mm.) ; printed in black ink: 2.026", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304705, "title": "Neo-classicism: Style and Motif", "description": "<i>Neo-classicism: Style and Motif</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 23-October 31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-09-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361355, "title": "French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections", "description": "<i>French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (September 2-October 15, 1972); Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (September 2-October 15, 1972); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Ont.,, Canada (November 3-December 17, 1972); The New York Cultural Center, New York, NY (April 4-May 13, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309577, "title": "French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792", "description": "<i>French Prints and Drawings in the Age of the Bourbons, 1589-1792</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 2-May 16, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309654, "title": "The Lessons of the Academy", "description": "<i>The Lessons of the Academy</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-May 29, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-02-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections</em>. Art Gallery of Ontario (September 2\u2013October 15, 1972); National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (November 3\u2013 December 17, 1972); California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco (January 12\u2013March 11, 1973); New York Cultural Center (April 4\u2013May 13, 1973).", "opening_date": "1972-10-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Studio of the artist, by descent to Charles Boulanger de Boisfremont", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1810-1823", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Charles Boulanger de Boisfremont [1773\u20131838], Paris, by descent to his son, M. de Boisfremont fils", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1823-1838", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "M. de Boisfremont fils", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1838-1870", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(his sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, April 9, 1870, no. 49, sold to Dr. Malherbe)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1870", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Dr. Malherbe", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->For 305 F, according to annotated sales catalogue.</div>"], "date": "1870-?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Walter S. M. Burns [1872\u20131929], London,", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1870-1926", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(his sale, Sotheby\u2019s, London, May 6, 1926, no. 134)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1926-1961", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1961-", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Pierre-Paul Prud'hon was raised in the Cluny abbey by monks, who recognized and encouraged his artistic talent as a boy.", "description": "This sheet is notable in its presentation of a woman, specifically one of Pierre-Paul Prud\u2019hon\u2019s favorite models, Marguerite\u2014known for her curly hair and striking appearance. Following the artist\u2019s death, more than 100 drawings were discovered in his studio, each portraying a closely studied nude figure like those shown here. The context of these works remains unclear: artists typically sketched from a model early in their training, but Prud\u2019hon did so as a well-established painter. He saw drawing as a solitary practice, working consistently with white and black chalks on a paper described by one critic as \u201cmoonlit blue.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80031002"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.318-study-of-a-nude-woma"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue de la collection de M. de Boisfremont fils: Dessins, croquis, \u00e9tudes, tableaux et esquisses par Prud\u2019hon</em>. Paris: H\u00f4tel Druout, 1870.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21, no, 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guiffrey, Jean. <em>L\u2019\u0152uvre de P.-P. Prud\u2019hon</em>. Paris: Armand Colin, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 439, no. 1151", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of a Valuable Collection of </em>[. . .] <em>the Property of Walter S. M. Burns, Esq</em>. London: Sotheby\u2019s, 1926.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21, no. 134", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael. \u201cThe Figurative Arts of the West.\u201d <em>Apollo</em> (December 1963): 457-67.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 467", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \"Pierre Paul Prud'hon, Study of a Nude Woman.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>50, no. 2 (February 1963): 26-28.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 26-28; Reproduced: p. 27, cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. <em>Neo-Classicism: Style and Motif</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 110", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \"Pierre Paul Prud'hon's 'Study of a Nude Woman.'\" <em>The Connoisseur</em> 158, no. 637 (March 1965): 193-94.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 193-94; Reproduced: p. 193", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n188"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 164", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n188"}, {"citation": "Slayman, James Hugus. \u201cThe Drawings of Pierre-Paul Prud\u2019hon: A Critical Study.\u201d PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 137-39; Reproduced: p. 315", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>French Master Drawings of the 17th and 18th Centuries in North American Collections</em>. Exh. cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 199-200, no. 118; Reproduced: pl. 138", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n223"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 20-21; Reproduced: p. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Elderfield, John. <em>The Language of the Body: Drawings by Pierre-Paul Prud\u2019hon</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 75, 79, 104; Reproduced: p. 105, pl. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Laveissi\u00e8re, Sylvain. <em>Le Cabinet des dessins: Prud\u2019hon</em>. Paris: Flammarion, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 82-83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 76-79, no. 4", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Guiffrey 1151", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.318", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "627", "filesize": "240037", "filename": "1961.318_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2370", "filesize": "3615304", "filename": "1961.318_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_full.tif", "width": "19274", "height": "13437", "filesize": "776982881", "filename": "1961.318_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "654", "filesize": "255737"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2472", "filesize": "3857491"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_alt0_full.tif", "width": "16866", "height": "12261", "filesize": "620407937"}, "date_created": "2022-01-10T14:55:39", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "614", "filesize": "232392"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2321", "filesize": "3500016"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6589", "height": "4498", "filesize": "88936792"}, "date_created": "2019-09-18T13:59:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "659", "height": "900", "filesize": "175625"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2489", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3307543"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.318/1961.318_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3446", "height": "4708", "filesize": "48695416"}, "date_created": "2015-02-27T19:43:02", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136822, "creators": [{"id": 1646, "description": "Pierre-Paul Prud'hon (French, 1758\u20131823)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Pierre-Paul Prud'hon studied at the Dijon School of Art under Fran\u00e7ois Devosge (1732-1811), founder and director of one of the most prominent art schools in France. In 1776 Prud'hon met the Baron de Joursanvault, a follower of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and an art lover, who became his first patron. At the age of twenty-two Prud'hon left for Paris, where he attended the Acad\u00e9mie Royale and was introduced to Jean-Baptiste Greuze (1725-1805) and Jean-Georges Wille (1715-1808), an important engraver and collector. Soon after he returned to Dijon in 1784, he won the Prix de Rome and left for Italy, where he would spend four decisive years. He studied the works of Raphael (1483-1520), Leonardo da Vinci (1452--1519), and Correggio (ca. 1489/94-1534) as well as antique sculptures. He was influenced by the artists Anton Raphael Mengs (1728-1779), Antonio Canova (1757-1822), and Angelica Kauffmann (1741-1807) rather than his own countrymen, the pupils of David (q.v.). When he returned to Paris in 1788, Prud'hon endorsed the revolutionary ideals. He attended the meetings of David's Club des Arts and made drawings with political overtones that were to be engraved. After Robespierre's execution, Prud'hon was forced to live in exile in the Franche-Comt\u00e9 (1794-96), where he painted several portraits and made book illustrations. Upon his return to Paris he was elected to the Institut de France and received private and public commissions for decorative projects, including, for example, the ceilings in the Greek sculpture rooms of the Louvre and designs for the celebrations of the emperor's coronation and his marriage to Marie-Louise of Austria. During the First Empire (1805-15) he became equally respected for his imperial portraits and was appointed drawing instructor of the new empress. During the Bourbon restoration (1815-23) he still received several public commissions, even though he did not sympathize with the regime. In 1802 Prud'hon's wife had to be institutionalized, leaving him to care for their five children. He would be supported in this task by his pupil, Constance Mayer (1774-1821), who not only became his mistress but also his first artistic collaborator. (Prud'hon often made the preparatory drawings for her paintings.) His last years were plagued with many problems, and Mayer's suicide in 1821 affected him tremendously. He would survive her only briefly, dying two years later in 1823.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1758", "death_year": "1823", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1805, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1810", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Acad\u00e9mie of a Nude Woman, Seated Looking to the Right (Acad\u00e9mie de femme)", "Study of a Female Nude Looking to the Right"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:01.234000"}, {"id": 148395, "accession_number": "1976.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "In the Palace (\u5bae\u4e2d\u5716), before 1140. After a work attributed to Zhou Wenju (Chinese, active 942\u2013961). Handscroll; ink and light color on silk; painting: 28.5 x 168.6 cm (11 1/4 x 66 3/8 in.); overall: 29.7 x 306.1 cm (11 11/16 x 120 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1976.1", "current_location": null, "title": "In the Palace", "title_in_original_language": "\u5bae\u4e2d\u5716", "creation_date": "before 1140", "creation_date_earliest": 1127, "creation_date_latest": 1140, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and light color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 28.5 x 168.6 cm (11 1/4 x 66 3/8 in.); Overall: 29.7 x 306.1 cm (11 11/16 x 120 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.285, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.686, "width_inch": 66, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "overall": {"height": 0.297, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 3.061, "width_inch": 120, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "1 colophon and 13 seals: 1 colophon and 1 seal of Zheng Cheng \u5f35\u6f82 (d. 1143); 12 seals unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon by Zhang Cheng \u5f35\u6f82 (d. 1143): \n\n\u5468\u6587\u77e9\u5bae\u4e2d\u5716\u5a66\u4eba\u5c0f\u5152\u5176\u6578\u516b\u5341\uff0c\u4e00\u7537\u5b50\u5beb\u795e\uff0c\u800c\u7ca7\u5177\u3001\u6a02\u5668\u3001\u76c6\u76c2\u3001\u6247\u6905\u5e2d\u3001\u9e1a\u9d61\u3001\u72ac\u8776\u4e0d\u8207\u3002\u6587\u77e9\u53e5\u5bb9\u4eba\uff0c\u70ba\u6c5f\u5357\u7ff0\u6797\u5f85\u8a54\u3002\u4f5c\u58eb\u5973\u9ad4\u8fd1\u5468\u6609\uff0c\u800c\u52a0\u7e96\u9e97\u3002\u5617\u70ba\u5f8c\u4e3b\u756b\u5357\u838a\u5716\uff0c\u865f\u4e00\u6642\u7d55\u7b46\u3002\u5b83\u65e5\u4e0a\u4e4b\u671d\u5ef7\uff0c\u8a54\u7c4d\u4e4b\u7955\u95a3\u3002\u5bae\u4e2d\u5716\u4e91\u662f\u771f\u8e5f\uff0c\u85cf\u524d\u592a\u5e9c\u537f\u6731\u8f09\u5bb6\u3002\u6216\u6479\u4ee5\u898b\u993d\u3002\u5a66\u4eba\u9ad8\u9afb\u81ea\u5510\u4ee5\u4f86\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6b64\u5377\u8c50\u808c\u9577\u8966\u88d9\uff0c\u5468\u6609\u6cd5\u4e5f\u3002\u4e88\u81f3\u5da0\u5357\uff0c\u65bc\u7aef\u6eaa\u9673\u9ad8\u7956\u4e4b\u88d4\uff0c\u898b\u5176\u4e16\u85cf\u8af8\u5e1d\u50cf\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u5bae\u4eba\u68b3\u9afb\u8207\u6b64\u7567\u540c\u3002\u800c\u4e2b\u9b1f\u4e43\u4f5c\u5169\u5927\u9b1f\uff0c\u5782\n\u80a9\u9805\u9593\uff0c\u96d6\u919c\u800c\u6709\u771f\u614b\u3002\u674e\u6c0f\u81ea\u8b02\u5357\u5510\uff0c\u6545\u8863\u51a0\u591a\u7528\u5510\u5236\uff0c\u7136\u98a8\u6d41\u5bd4\u627f\u516d\u671d\u4e4b\u9918\u3002\u756b\u5bb6\u8005\u8a00\u8fa8\u53e4\u756b\u7576\u5148\u554f\u8863\u51a0\u8eca\u670d\uff0c\u84cb\u8b02\u662f\u4e5f\u3002\u7d39\u8208\u5e9a\u7533\u4e94\u6708\u4e59\u9149\u6fb9\u5d52\u5c45\u58eb\u984c\u3002\n\n\u5370\uff1a\u5f35\u6f82\u5370\u7ae0", "inscription_translation": "[This is] Zhou Wenju\u2019s painting, In the Palace. [In this scroll], women and children number eighty, with a single man. All are drawn to life, not to mention such matters as cosmetic accessories, musical instruments, pots and pans, fans, chairs, mats, parakeets, dogs, and butterflies. Wenju was a native of Jurong. He served as a Hanlin Daizhao [painter-in-waiting] in the south. In figure painting, his style is akin to Zhou Fang\u2019s [active 8th century], but adding a touch of exquisiteness. He once painted a painting titled Southern Villa for Li Houzhu, a painting that was praised at the time as a supreme achievement. In later days, it was presented to the [Song] court and was much cherished in the imperial pavilion [library]. In the Palace was said to be a genuine work by him. It had been in the collection of Zhu Zai, the former Chamberlain for Palace Revenue. Perhaps he had a copy made as a gift, [which is the scroll that I saw]. Women here are depicted with tall chignons, such being the fashion since the Tang dynasty. This scroll presents them with full bodies and also long trailing skirts\u2014this was indeed Zhou Fang\u2019s approach. When in Qiaonan, I visited the descendents of Emperor Gaozu [r. 618\u2013626] of the Chen [dynasty] at Duanxi [near Gaoyao xian, Guangdong province] and saw with my own eyes their family collection of imperial ancestors. The attendant ladies at the sides of these Emperors had the same hairdo as is seen here. The palace servants were shown with two large loops hanging between the neck and shoulder. Although these hairstyles looked ugly, they do appear quite real indeed. The House of Li called its own dynasty Southern Tang; consequently, in matters of fashion, they adhered to the Tang mode. Yet in terms of their cultural origins, they were inheritors of the Six Dynasties. It is the insight of those painters who believed that, in appraising ancient paintings, the first priority lies in the discernment of costumes, furnishings, chariots, and so on. This is indeed the case. On the yiyou day of the fifth moon, the gengshen year of the Shaoxing era, Tanyan Jushi inscribed this. \n\nSeal: \u201cZhang Cheng yin zhang\u201d [seal inadvertently impressed upside down].", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302374, "title": "Year in Review, 1976", "description": "<i>Year in Review, 1976</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 1-March 6, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 213957, "title": "The Resonance of the Qin in Far Eastern Art", "description": "<i>The Resonance of the Qin in Far Eastern Art</i>. China Institute in America, New York, NY (organizer) (September 16-December 12, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-09-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231365, "title": "Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Early Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in American Collections</i>. Shanghai Museum, Shanghai, China (organizer) (November 1, 2012-January 3, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 325382, "title": "The Eternal Feast: Banqueting in 10th-14th Century Chinese Art", "description": "<i>The Eternal Feast: Banqueting in 10th-14th Century Chinese Art</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (October 19, 2019-February 16, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Oriental Art</em>. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (1917, 1922).", "opening_date": "1917-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The International Exhibition of Chinese Art</em>. Burlington House, Royal Academy of Arts, London, England (November 28, 1935-March 7, 1936).", "opening_date": "1935-11-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Pacific Cultures, China</em>. Golden Gate International Exhibition, San Francisco, CA (1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 120)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 20-April 22, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-01-20T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 120)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 22-October 26, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-22T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 120)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 19, 2004-April 21, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-19T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Zhang Cheng \u5f35\u6f82 [d. 1143]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131143", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Shen Zhou \u6c88\u5468 [1427\u20131509]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131509?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(C. T. Loo & Co., New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "early 1900s", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The University Museum, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "before 1928\u20131976", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1976\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The ladies' elaborate hairstyles, plump figures, and flowing robes are reminiscent of Tang dynasty fashion.", "description": "<em>In the Palace</em> depicts 13 ladies of the imperial household, three servants, and six children in fluent <em>baimiao</em> (plain drawing) brushwork, accentuated by color. The women entertain themselves by making music, tending children, and playing with pets. Their elaborate hairstyles, plump figures, and flowing robes are reminiscent of Tang dynasty <br>fashion. <br><br>The scroll illustrates elegant court life and is a direct copy of the original by Zhou Wenju (active 940\u201375) from Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province. Zhou was employed at the Southern Tang court in Nanjing under Emperor Li Yu (reigned 961\u201376), a prolific poet.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472972"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1976.1-in-the-palace"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The CMA handscroll is one part of an original twelfth-century painting, which was divided into four sections. The fourth section is in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/40004"}, {"citation": "Another section of the handscroll is preserved in the Harvard Art Museums' collection.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/object/203790?position=undefined&context=exhibition&id=3251"}, {"citation": "The Bernard Berenson collection at Villa I Tatti, Florence, Italy, also has a section.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fernald, Helen Elizabeth. \"Ladies of the court, an early Chinese scroll painting.\" <em>Museum Journal</em>. v. 19, no. 4 [December 1928], pp. 333\u2013349.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 333\u2013349", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Chinese Exhibition; A Commemorative Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, Royal Academy of Arts, November 1935-March 1936</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 894, pp. 68, 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Pacific Cultures, Department of Fine Arts, Division of Pacific Cultures</em>. San Francisco, CA: Golden Gate International Exposition, 1939.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 154, pl. N; Mentioned: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Loehr, Max. \"Chinese Paintings with Sung Dated Inscriptions.\" <em>Ars orientalis: the arts of Islam and the East </em>Volume 4 (1961): 219\u2013284.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 252", "url": "https://archive.org/details/arsorientalisart41961univ/page/252"}, {"citation": "Yashiro, Yukio. <em>Nihon bijutsu no saikento\u0304 </em>[Japanese art re-examined = \u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853\u306e\u518d\u691c\u8a0e]. Tokyo: Shincho\u0304sha, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 339", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n359"}, {"citation": "Watson, William. <em>L'art de l'ancienne Chine</em>. Paris: Mazenod, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 16, pp. 27\u201329", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. \u201cPainting the Poetry of the Natural World.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 75, no. 7 (September 1988): 279\u2013291.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 281, fig. 2", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160039"}, {"citation": "Fu, Shen C. Y. and Jan Stuart. <em>Challenging the Past: The Paintings of Chang Dai-Chien</em>. Washington, D.C.: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 150, fig. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Addiss, Stephen, Kenneth J. DeWoskin, and Mitchell Clark. <em>The resonance of the qin in East Asian ar</em>t. New York: China Institute Gallery, China Institute, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 68\u201369, cat. no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. \"Collaboration and Commemoration: Cleveland's Masterpieces at the Shanghai Museum.\" <em>Orientations </em>43:8 (Nov/Dec 2012): 90\u201395.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 90\u201391, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shanghai bo wu guan. <em>Han mo ju zhen: Zhongguo Riben Meiguo cang Zhongguo gu dai shu hua yi shu</em> [\u7ff0\u58a8\u805a\u73cd: \u4e2d\u570b\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u570b\u85cf\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u66f8\u756b\u85dd\u8853 = Treasures in the spotlight: art of early Chinese painting and calligraphy in Chinese, Japanese and American collections]. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai shu hua chu ban she, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 84\u201385, fig. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shanghai bo wu guan. <em>Han mo hui cui: xi du Meiguo cang Zhongguo Wu dai Song Yuan shu hua zhen pin</em> [\u7ff0\u58a8\u8588\u8403: \u7ec6\u8bfb\u7f8e\u56fd\u85cf\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e94\u4ee3\u5b8b\u5143\u4e66\u753b\u73cd\u54c1 = Masterpieces of early Chinese painting and calligraphy in American collections]. Beijing: Beijing da xue chu ban she, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 329\u2013337, Reproduced: cat no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 44\u201349", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blanchard, Lara C. W. <em>Song Dynasty Figures of Longing and Desire: Gender and Interiority in Chinese Painting and Poetry.</em> Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 29\u201331, 34, 40; Reproduced: pp. 42\u201345, figs. 2.1- 2.4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kwok, Zoe S. <em>The Eternal Feast: Banqueting in Chinese Art from the 10th to the 14th Century.</em> Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Art Museum, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 131\u2013132, no. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hu, Luwen. \"From Grassland to Garden-on the Embroidery Nine Goats Heralding the New Year.\" <em>Orientations</em> 50, no. 5 (Sept/Oct 2019): 120\u2013129.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blanchard, Lara C. W. \"Defining a Female Subjectivity: Gendered Gazes and Feminist Reinterpretations in the Art of Cui Xiuwen and Yu Hong.\" <em>(En)Gendering: Chinese Women's Art in the Making </em>28, no. 1 (February 2020): 177\u2013205.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 184\u2013185, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 139\u2013140, no. 40", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.1/1976.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "87", "filesize": "51121", "filename": "1976.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.1/1976.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "329", "filesize": "358509", "filename": "1976.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.1/1976.1_full.tif", "width": "85155", "height": "8237", "filesize": "2104291216", "filename": "1976.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.1/1976.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "547", "filesize": "99385"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.1/1976.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148395, "creators": [{"id": 30162, "description": "Zhou Wenju (Chinese, active 942\u2013961)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after a work attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u5468\u6587\u77e9", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-01-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1127, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "before 1140", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["In the Palace"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:38:10.431000"}, {"id": 173963, "accession_number": "1930.850", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Setting Sun through the Catalpas (Late August Sunset), August 27, 1916. Charles Burchfield (American, 1893\u20131967). Watercolor and opaque watercolor with graphite on wove paper; sheet: 50.5 x 35.3 cm (19 7/8 x 13 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1930.850. Reproduced with permission from the Charles E. Burchfield Foundation", "current_location": null, "title": "Setting Sun through the Catalpas (Late August Sunset)", "creation_date": "August 27, 1916", "creation_date_earliest": 1916, "creation_date_latest": 1916, "artists_tags": ["May Show", "Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Watercolor and opaque watercolor with graphite on wove paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 20th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 50.5 x 35.3 cm (19 7/8 x 13 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.505, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.353, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "Reproduced with permission from the Charles E. Burchfield Foundation", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower right, in graphite: C E BURCHFIELD - 1916", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 339882, "title": "An Exhibition of Water Colors and Oils by Charles Burchfield.", "description": "<i>An Exhibition of Water Colors and Oils by Charles Burchfield.</i>. Carnegie Institute.", "opening_date": "1938-03-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312428, "title": "Expressionism and Related Movements", "description": "<i>Expressionism and Related Movements</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 26-February 28, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312144, "title": "Charles Burchfield: A Retrospective Exhibition of Watercolors and Oils 1916-1943", "description": "<i>Charles Burchfield: A Retrospective Exhibition of Watercolors and Oils 1916-1943</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 4-28, 1945).", "opening_date": "1945-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311950, "title": "Contemporary Drawings", "description": "<i>Contemporary Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 24-February 12, 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301176, "title": "Charles Burchfield Retrospective Exhibition", "description": "<i>Charles Burchfield Retrospective Exhibition</i>. Whitney Museum of American Art (January 11-February 26, 1956); The Baltimore Museum of Art (March 14-April 22, 1956); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (May 9-June 17, 1956); San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (July 11-August 19, 1956); Los Angeles County Museum of Art (September 5-October 14, 1956); The Phillips Collection (November 4-December 11, 1956); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 28, 1956-February 10, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 339889, "title": "Paintings by Charles Burchfield.", "description": "<i>Paintings by Charles Burchfield.</i>. Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Museum of American Art.", "opening_date": "1964-12-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338576, "title": "Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth", "description": "<i>Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (April 23-June 16, 1968); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum (June 28-August 18, 1968); Seattle Art Museum (September 5-October 13, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338569, "title": "The Nature of Charles Burchfield: A Memorial Exhibition, 1893\u20131967, Paints, Drawings, Prints", "description": "<i>The Nature of Charles Burchfield: A Memorial Exhibition, 1893\u20131967, Paints, Drawings, Prints</i>. Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (organizer) (April 3-June 14, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 340518, "title": "Cleveland Traditions: Water Colors and Enamels from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Cleveland Traditions: Water Colors and Enamels from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Frank J. Lausche State Office Building.", "opening_date": "1983-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311726, "title": "Cleveland Traditions: Enamels and Watercolors from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Cleveland Traditions: Enamels and Watercolors from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30-October 16, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 340510, "title": "Charles Burchfield.", "description": "<i>Charles Burchfield.</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (January 30-March 25, 1984); Milwaukee Art Museum (April 20-June 19, 1984); Oklahoma City Museum of Art (September 14-November 11, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 339874, "title": "The Early Work of Charles E. Burchfield", "description": "<i>The Early Work of Charles E. Burchfield</i>. Columbus Museum of Art (December 13, 1987-February 7, 1988); Laguna Art Museum (March 5-April 24, 1988); Burchfield Penney Art Center (May 14-July 3, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338484, "title": "The Paintings of Charles Burchfield: North by Midwest", "description": "<i>The Paintings of Charles Burchfield: North by Midwest</i>. Columbus Museum of Art (March 25-May 19, 1997); Burchfield Penney Art Center (June 15-August 17, 1997); National Museum of American Art, Washington, DC (September 1, 1997-January 25, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-03-25T05:00:00"}, {"id": 228854, "title": "Visions Out the Window and Down the Street: A Golden Anniversary Celebration of the Art of Charles E. Burchfield at the Brauer Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Visions Out the Window and Down the Street: A Golden Anniversary Celebration of the Art of Charles E. Burchfield at the Brauer Museum of Art</i>. Brauer Museum of Art, Valparaiso, IN (organizer) (July 24-October 10, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-07-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 313096, "title": "Charles Burchfield: The Ohio Landscapes, 1915\u20131920", "description": "<i>Charles Burchfield: The Ohio Landscapes, 1915\u20131920</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 22, 2018-May 5, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-12-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Main Gallery Rotation (gallery 228). Cleveland Museum of Art (October 19, 2009 - February 22, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-19T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Frank K.M. Rehn Gallery, NY, sold to Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1930-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["805.1930"], "did_you_know": "Burchfield's notations about color placement can be seen behind the layers of watercolor in this drawing, when studied closely.", "description": "Burchfield began to experiment actively with watercolor after returning to Salem. Early on, he worked carefully, outlining the composition completely in pencil before filling it in with watercolor. Faint graphite lines are visible throughout this depiction of the sun casting light through a star-shaped opening between flowering bushes. He later broke from this practice and worked directly with watercolor.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230291"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Baur, John I. H. <em>The Inlander: Life and Work of Charles Burchfield 1893-1967</em>. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40; Reproduced: p. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maciejunes, Nannette V., and Michael D. Hall. <em>The Paintings of Charles Burchfield: North by Midwest.</em> Exh. Cat. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. in association with the Columbus Museum of Art, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 114-115; Reproduced: p. 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "Townsend, J. Benjamin, ed. <em>Charles Burchfield's Journals: The Poetry of Place</em>. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 431", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by Charles Burchfield</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland School of Art, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Maciejunes, Nannette V. <em>The Early Works of Charles E. Burchfield, 1915-1921</em>. Exh. Cat. Columbus: Columbus Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 25; Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bauer, John I. H. <em>Charles Burchfield. </em>Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 8; Reproduced: plate 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "O'Connor, John, Jr. \"Charles Burchfield: Exhibition of His Paintings at the Carnegie Institute.\" <em>Carnegie Magazine</em> 11 (March 1938): 309-312.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Pittsburgh: A Comprehensive Showing of the Work of Burchfield.\" <em>Art News</em> 36 (April 2, 1938): 18.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Trovato, Joseph S. <em>The Nature of Charles Burchfield: A Memorial Exhibition, 1893\u20131967, Paints, Drawings, Prints</em>. Exh. Cat. Utica, NY: Museum of Art, Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curry, Larry. <em>Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth</em>. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 83; Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trovato, Joseph S. <em>Charles Burchfield: Catalogue of Paintings in Public and Private Collections</em>. Utica: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 51, no. 196; Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Straus 142; Trovato 196", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.850", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 173963, "creators": [{"id": 3989, "description": "Charles Burchfield (American, 1893\u20131967)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles Burchfield was among the most original and poetic painters of the Cleveland modernist movement. Born in Ashtabula, he moved to Salem, Ohio, following the death of his father in 1898. After graduating from high school, he attended Cleveland School of Art, studying with William Eastman, Frederick Gottwald, Henry Keller, and Frank Wilcox. In 1914 Burchfield began attending Kokoon Klub exhibitions, and in spring 1915 he went to Brandywine to meet William Sommer. Around this time Burchfild began experimenting with the brilliant colors and simplified forms of the Berlin Heights painters. He painted his first mature works in 1915, and grad ed from the Cleveland School of Art with a degree in illustration the following spring. That summer the Cleveland School of Art sponsored his first solo exhibition, and in the fall, after attending the National Academy of Design in New York for one month, he returned to Salem. In February 1917 the Cleveland School of Art mounted his second solo exhibition. Burchfield was inducted into the army that summer. After his return in 1919 he exhibited with other Cleveland modernists at the Play House, Laukhuff\u2019 s Book store, and other Cleveland venues. In 1921 he went on an extended sketching trip through eastern Ohio with Keller, Wilcox, and Paul Travis, exhibiting these recent paintings at the Cleveland School of Art and in the May Show at the Cleveland Museum of Art. Later that year he moved to Buffalo to work as a wallpaper designer, a position he retained until he resigned in 1929 to become a full-time painter. Over the next 30 years he exhibited extensively at museums and galleries across the country. Solo exhibitions of his paintings were held at New York\u2019s Museum of Modern Art (1930), Pittsburgh\u2019 s Carnegie Institute of Art (1935, 1938, 1946), and Buffalo\u2019 s Albright-Knox Art Gallery (1944, 1955, 1963, 1967). In 1953 New York\u2019s Whitney Museum of American Art organized a major exhibition that traveled to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Burchfield died in West Seneca, New York. <br>\"Transformations in Cleveland Art\" (CMA, 1996), p. 224", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1893", "death_year": "1967", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-03-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1916, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "August 27, 1916", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:39.831000"}, {"id": 151044, "accession_number": "1982.73", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hanging with Christian Images, 500s. Egypt, Byzantine period. Dyed wool, undyed linen: plain weave (tabby) with inwoven tapestry weave; overall: 110.5 x 76.8 cm (43 1/2 x 30 1/4 in.); mounted: 120.9 x 87 x 3.9 cm (47 5/8 x 34 1/4 x 1 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1982.73", "current_location": null, "title": "Hanging with Christian Images", "creation_date": "500s", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 599, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Byzantine period"], "technique": "dyed wool, undyed linen: plain weave (tabby) with inwoven tapestry weave", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Coptic", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 110.5 x 76.8 cm (43 1/2 x 30 1/4 in.); Mounted: 120.9 x 87 x 3.9 cm (47 5/8 x 34 1/4 x 1 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.105, "height_inch": 43, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.768, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "mounted": {"height": 1.209, "height_inch": 47, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.87, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.039, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed below the ankh cross:  IXOYC.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309644, "title": "The Year in Review for 1982", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1982</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 437400, "title": "Byzantine Gallery 210 Rotation", "description": "<i>Byzantine Gallery 210 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 16, 2002-October 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2002-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383026, "title": "Coptic Textile Rotation Gallery 106", "description": "<i>Coptic Textile Rotation Gallery 106</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 23, 2012-May 2, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-05-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 307284, "title": "Coptic Textile Rotation Gallery 106", "description": "<i>Coptic Textile Rotation Gallery 106</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 15, 2018-May 13, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-05-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 677565, "title": "Coptic Rotation", "description": "<i>Coptic Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 11, 2024-October 26, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-10-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Jean-Loup Despras, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131982", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1982\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The two peacocks in the upper half of this composition represent immortality. Ancient Greeks and Romans believed that the body of the peacock did not decay after death and when this imagery was adopted by Christianity, the bird came to be associated with resurrection.", "description": "This rare surviving hanging with Christian symbols likely served as a wall decoration in a church or a home. The three men who stand beneath an arch may represent the three Hebrews who refused to worship a golden idol, and when cast into the fiery furnace, remained unharmed due to God\u2019s deliverance (Daniel 3:19\u201330). Above them is a Christogram formed by the first two letters of Christ\u2019s name in Greek, <em>X</em> (chi) and <em>P</em> (rho), flanked by the letters for alpha and omega. Beneath the arch, an ankh, an ancient Egyptian symbol of life, is framed by two birds. Another Christogram appears above the arch between two peacocks. The significance of the combined use of these images and symbols lies in their invocation of Christ\u2019s redemptive and life-giving power.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752348"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1982.73-hanging-with-christi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review for 1982.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 70, no. 1 (January 1983): 3\u201355.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 75, p. 5; Reproduced: no. 75, p. 25", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159799"}, {"citation": "Klein, Holger A. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 68\u201369, no. 17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Williams, Elizabeth Dospe\u030cl. \"Sacred Imagery.\" In <em>Woven Interiors: Furnishing Early Medieval Egypt, </em>63\u201368. Washington: The George Washington University Museum and The Textile Museum, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 65\u201366, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "So\u0308rries, Reiner. <em>Der fru\u0308hchristliche Kirchenraum: Ikonographie - Ausstattung - Liturgie</em>. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 128; reproduced: Tafel 54, Abb. 80b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sa\u0301nchez Galera, Jose\u0301 Mari\u0301a, and Gregorio Luri Medrano. <em>La edad de las nueces: los nin\u0303os en el Imperio Romano</em>. Madrid: Ediciones Encuentro S.A., 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 316, fig. 41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Achi, Andrea Myers, et al. <em>Africa and Byzantium</em>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 200\u2013201, fig. 75", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.73", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.73/1982.73_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "893", "filesize": "558924", "filename": "1982.73_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.73/1982.73_print.jpg", "width": "2364", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8149166", "filename": "1982.73_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.73/1982.73_full.tif", "width": "3477", "height": "5000", "filesize": "52190612", "filename": "1982.73_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.73/1982.73_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "1103653"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.73/1982.73_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2267", "filesize": "7219040"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.73/1982.73_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "4096", "filesize": "75534512"}, "date_created": "2007-02-07T19:30:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.73/1982.73_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1190", "height": "893", "filesize": "1093949"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.73/1982.73_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2551", "filesize": "8658311"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.73/1982.73_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5128", "height": "3848", "filesize": "59232548"}, "date_created": "2007-02-07T19:36:24", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151044, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-07-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:48:15.112000"}, {"id": 172784, "accession_number": "1930.2162", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "White Flower, 1929. Georgia O'Keeffe (American, 1887\u20131986). Oil on canvas; framed: 80 x 95.3 x 4.5 cm (31 1/2 x 37 1/2 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 76.2 x 91.5 cm (30 x 36 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1930.2162", "current_location": null, "title": "White Flower", "creation_date": "1929", "creation_date_earliest": 1929, "creation_date_latest": 1929, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 80 x 95.3 x 4.5 cm (31 1/2 x 37 1/2 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 76.2 x 91.5 cm (30 x 36 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.8, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.953, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.762, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.915, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Stretcher:  \"White Flower -- 1929 / by Georgia O'Keeffe\" (AS, graphite)\r\nBacking:  \"White Flower -- 1929 (oil) by Georgia O'Keeffe Price $8,000 To be returned to Geo. F. Of 126 W 57th NY NY ['To be returned...NY' twice]\" (AS, AAP2, black ink)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616503, "title": "Tenth Exhibition of Contemporary American Oil Painting", "description": "<i>Tenth Exhibition of Contemporary American Oil Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 6-July 7, 1930).", "opening_date": "1930-06-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 312527, "title": "Autumn Flower Show", "description": "<i>Autumn Flower Show</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 1-December 1, 1935).", "opening_date": "1935-11-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312462, "title": "Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today", "description": "<i>Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-October 4, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443818, "title": "The Modern Spirit: American Painting 1908-35", "description": "<i>The Modern Spirit: American Painting 1908-35</i>. Gallery of the Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh (August 19-September 11, 1977); Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (September 28-November 20, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443392, "title": "Art of the Twenties: American Painting at the Crossroads", "description": "<i>Art of the Twenties: American Painting at the Crossroads</i>. Flint Institute of Arts, Flint, MI (organizer) (November 16, 1978-January 21, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309667, "title": "Circa 1930", "description": "<i>Circa 1930</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 12-October 31, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-04-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310024, "title": "The Georgia O'Keeffe Gift", "description": "<i>The Georgia O'Keeffe Gift</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 4-November 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310243, "title": "The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art", "description": "<i>The Precisionist Aesthetic in American Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 24-April 9, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-01-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 226460, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: Naturalezas Intimas", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: Naturalezas Intimas</i>. Fundacion Juan March (organizer) (February 8-June 2, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-02-08T00:00:00"}, {"id": 228348, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe and the Southwestern Still Life", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe and the Southwestern Still Life</i>. Indianapolis Museum of Art, Indianapolis, IN (October 30, 2014-February 15, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 399946, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe, Photographer", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe, Photographer</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (organizer) (October 17, 2021-January 17, 2022) https://www.mfah.org/exhibitions/georgia-okeeffe-photographer; Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, MA (February 27-June 5, 2022); Denver Art Museum, Denver, CO (July 3-November 6, 2022); The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (February 1-May 1, 2023).", "opening_date": "2021-10-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 540004, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: \"My New Yorks\"", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: \"My New Yorks\"</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (June 2-September 22, 2024) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9539/georgia-o-keeffe-my-new-yorks; High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (October 25, 2024-February 16, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-06-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe: 27 New Paintings, New Mexico, New York, Lake George, Etc.. </em>New York, An American Place (February 7\u2013March 17, 1930), exh. checklist no. 9 as <em>White Flower, N.M</em>..", "opening_date": "1930-02-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Art of Today: An Exhibition of Contemporary Pictures and Sculptures Arranged and Sponsored by the Women's Advisory Committee of the Albright Art Gallery. </em>Buffalo, Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery (December 21, 1935\u2013February 6, 1936).", "opening_date": "1935-12-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe, 12th Annual Festival of the Arts. </em>Kohler Gallery, Dahland Fine Arts Center, Milton College, Milton WI (April 20\u2013May 10, 1965)", "opening_date": "1965-04-20T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(An American Place, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2159.1930", "2162.1930"], "did_you_know": "This was the first flower painting by Georgia O'Keeffe to be purchased by an art museum.", "description": "O\u2019Keeffe is best known for close-up flower subjects whose magnified forms fill the entire space of each canvas. Likely inspired by similar compositions in modern photography, these images are not only celebrations of natural forms, but also striking essays in abstract design. Although many critics interpreted O\u2019Keeffe\u2019s flower paintings as reflections of femininity in general and female sexuality in particular, the artist strongly opposed such readings. Throughout most of her career, she frequently attempted to persuade others to discuss her work without referring to her gender, writing on one occasion, \u201cI have always been very annoyed at being referred to as a \u2018woman artist\u2019 rather than an \u2018artist.\u2019\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106477699", "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60482494"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe. Naturalezas \u00edntimas</em>: Fundaci\u00f3n Juan March, Madrid, 8 febrero - 2 junio 2002. Madrid: Arte y Ciencia Editorial, 2001.", "page_number": "cat. no. 18, illus.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Frelik, Edyta, \"She Did Know a Few Things:Georgia O'Keeffe as an Intellectual,\" <em>Polish Association for American Studies </em>(July 2022).", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 49-50.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davis, John and Michael Leja, eds. <em>Art of the United States, 1750-2000: Primary Sources</em> (Chicago: Terra Foundation for American Art, 2020).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 309.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cade. Leslie, \"O'Keeffe and the May Show,\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 59 (January/February 2019).", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 15.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of an Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 Until Today at the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland]: [Printed by the Artcraft Printing Co.], 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36, no. 152", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cWhite Flower by Georgia O\u2019Keeffe.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 24, no. 4 (April 1937): 50\u201353.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 50-53", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137838"}, {"citation": "Flint Institute of Arts. <em>Art of the Twenties : American Painting at the Crossroads : Flint Institute of Arts, November 16, 1978-January 21, 1979</em>. [Flint, Mich.]: The Institute, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55-56, no 41; Reproduced: p. 43.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neet, Jane. \u201cMondrian\u2019s \u2018Chrysanthemum.\u2019\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 7 (September 1987): 282\u2013303.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 289, fig. 9", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159997"}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 6, p. 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "O'Keeffe, Georgia, Alfred Stieglitz, and Sarah Greenough.<em> My Faraway One: Selected Letters of Georgia O'Keeffe and Alfred Stieglitz.</em> New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 539, 542", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"New in the Galleries.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> vol. 57, no. 5 (September/October 2017): Back cover.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: Back cover.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-05/page/n13/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Art Institute of Chicago, and High Museum of Art. <em>Georgia O\u2019Keeffe: \u201cMy New Yorks\u201d.</em> Edited by Sarah Kelly Oehler and Annelise K. Madsen. Chicago, IL: The Art Institute of Chicago, 2024.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 40, 43, and p. 52, note 29; reproduced: cat. no. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "O'Hern, John. \"Metropolitan Muse.\" <em>American Fine Art Magazine </em>76 (July/August 2024): 42-47.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44; Mentioned: p. 46", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.2162", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.2162/1930.2162_web.jpg", "width": "1071", "height": "893", "filesize": "443798", "filename": "1930.2162_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.2162/1930.2162_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2836", "filesize": "1049661", "filename": "1930.2162_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.2162/1930.2162_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4170", "filesize": "62582092", "filename": "1930.2162_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 172784, "creators": [{"id": 3228, "description": "Georgia O'Keeffe (American, 1887\u20131986)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1887", "death_year": "1986", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-06-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1929, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1929", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:50:33.366000"}, {"id": 97797, "accession_number": "1917.42", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Thinker, 1880\u201381. Auguste Rodin (French, 1840\u20131917). Bronze; overall: 182.9 x 98.4 x 142.2 cm (72 x 38 3/4 x 56 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Ralph King, 1917.42", "current_location": "SE South Entrance", "title": "The Thinker", "creation_date": "1880\u201381", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1881, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Sculpture 1800-1960", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 182.9 x 98.4 x 142.2 cm (72 x 38 3/4 x 56 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.829, "height_inch": 72, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.984, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 1.422, "depth_inch": 56, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed on base near sinister foot: \"A. Rodin.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "purchased from the artist in 1916.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This enlarged version of <em>The Thinker </em>is one of less than 10 cast during Rodin's lifetime.", "description": "<em>The Thinker </em>was first developed as part of Rodin's <em>The Gates of Hell</em>, a sculptured doorway for a proposed museum of decorative arts in Paris. Intended to be part of a relief directly above the doors, the rugged figure was originally conceived as a generalized image of the Italian poet Dante Alighieri (1265\u20131321), who wrote the <em>Divine Comedy</em>.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759083"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.42-the-thinker"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rodin, Auguste, Antoinette Le Normand-Romain, Christina Buley-Uribe, Patrick R. Crowley, C. D. Dickerson, Laure de Margerie, Ve\u0301ronique Mattiussi, Elyse Nelson, Jennifer A. Thompson, and Nora M. Rosengarten. Rodin in the United States: Confronting the Modern. Williamstown, Massachusetts : Clark Art Institute, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 28, 129, 235, 238; reproduced: p. 238, fig. 9.18", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Margerie, Laure de, Antoinette Le Normand-Romain, Elisabeth Lyman, Miriam Rosen, Cole Swensen, and Susan Wise. French Sculpture: An American Passion. [Ghent] : Snoeck, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 408 and 441; Reproduced: p. 407, fig. 4 and 441, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Rodin Memorial Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 9 (1917): 162-63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 162-163", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136150"}, {"citation": "\"Modern Sculpture at the Museum.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 6 (1917): 108-09.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Front Matter; Mentioned: p. 108", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136110"}, {"citation": "\"Report of the Museum's Second Year.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 5, no. 6/7 (1918): 69-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 70", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25136208"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 2 (February 1942): 25-26", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141340"}, {"citation": "Tacha, Athena. <em>Rodin Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 96-97, cat. no. X; Reproduced: p. [53], Plate 68", "url": "https://archive.org/details/RodinSculpture/page/n110"}, {"citation": "Tacha, Athena. <em>A Supplement to Rodin Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 130S, cat. no. X", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 3 (1980): 58-99.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60 - 61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Valencia, Natalia. \"When I Do Count the Clock That Tells the Time.\" In <em>Number Eleven: Cyprien Gaillard</em>. Julia Stoschek Foundation, ed., 14-36. Dusseldorf: Julia Stoschek Collection, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Westfalen.\" In <em>Number Eleven: Cyprien Gaillard</em>. Julia Stoschek Foundation, ed., 68-73. Dusseldorf: Julia Stoschek Collection, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 69-70", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hudak, Brittany Mariel. \"Masked Men, Hatchets, and Bombs: Frank Oriti's Clarity, Rodin's The Thinker, and the Silencing of Art Vandalism.\" <em>Collective Arts Network. CAN Journal,</em> Winter 2015-2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 65-67; Reproduced: p. 66", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tableau. [Utrecht]: [Tableau], 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; p. 130", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Anonymous. \"Leftovers/I was Opened.\" <em>Cabinet </em>65(Autumn/Winter 2017/2018).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18-21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H. and Dansereau-Tackett, Julie. \"Rodin--100 Years: Commemorating the centennial of the French master's death.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 5 (September/October 2017): 8-9.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-05/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85; Reproduced: p. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Demes, Francis, Jaime Juarez, and James Clark. \"Challenges Requiring New Thinking in Museum Security.\" <em>Collections </em>20, no. 2 (June 2024): 290-297.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 294-295, fig. 4", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.42", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_web.jpg", "width": "754", "height": "893", "filesize": "385493", "filename": "1917.42_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_print.jpg", "width": "2869", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6560224", "filename": "1917.42_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_full.tif", "width": "5888", "height": "6977", "filesize": "123323264", "filename": "1917.42_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "728", "height": "893", "filesize": "422371"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2771", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5628420"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5972", "height": "7328", "filesize": "131328440"}, "date_created": "2006-10-25T15:17:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "338548"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2766", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4084729"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5968", "height": "7334", "filesize": "131354628"}, "date_created": "2006-10-25T14:46:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "718", "height": "893", "filesize": "296548"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2732", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4830886"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5915", "height": "7359", "filesize": "130673208"}, "date_created": "2006-10-25T14:56:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "217411"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2737", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2983202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.42/1917.42_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5888", "height": "7312", "filesize": "129277628"}, "date_created": "2006-10-25T15:34:49", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Ralph King", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97797, "creators": [{"id": 5925, "description": "Auguste Rodin (French, 1840\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-01-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1880\u201381", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:16:26.009000"}, {"id": 142559, "accession_number": "1966.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "St. Catherine of Siena and the Beggar, 1460s. Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, c. 1403\u20131482). Tempera and gold on wood; framed: 35.6 x 35.7 x 4.5 cm (14 x 14 1/16 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 28.7 x 28.9 cm (11 5/16 x 11 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1966.3", "current_location": "117A Italian Renaissance", "title": "St. Catherine of Siena and the Beggar", "creation_date": "1460s", "creation_date_earliest": 1460, "creation_date_latest": 1469, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Siena"], "technique": "tempera and gold on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 35.6 x 35.7 x 4.5 cm (14 x 14 1/16 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 28.7 x 28.9 cm (11 5/16 x 11 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.356, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.357, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.287, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.289, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 423540, "title": "Lust und Verlust: K\u00f6lner Sammler zwischen Trikolore und Preussenadler (Joy and Loss: Cologne Collectors between the tricolore and the Prussian eagle)", "description": "<i>Lust und Verlust: K\u00f6lner Sammler zwischen Trikolore und Preussenadler (Joy and Loss: Cologne Collectors between the tricolore and the Prussian eagle)</i>. Josef Haubrich Kunsthalle (October 24, 1995-January 14, 1996).", "opening_date": "1995-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 230600, "title": "Sanctity Pictured: The Art of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders in Renaissance Italy", "description": "<i>Sanctity Pictured: The Art of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders in Renaissance Italy</i>. Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (organizer) (October 31, 2014-January 25, 2015).", "opening_date": "2014-10-31T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "S. Maria della Scala, Siena.  J", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Johann Anton Ramboux, Cologne (bought in Siena, c. 1838, Cologne sale 1867).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Hohenzollern family, Sigmaringen (sold 1920).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Adolphe Stoclet, Brussels (1921, sold 1966).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(R. Heinemann, New York, 1966).", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 142384, "description": "Predella Panel from an Altarpiece: St. Catherine of Siena Invested with the Dominican Habit, 1460s. Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, c. 1403-1482). Tempera and gold on wood panel; framed: 35.6 x 29.5 x 4.5 cm (14 x 11 5/8 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 28.9 x 23 cm (11 3/8 x 9 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1966.2", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Giovanni di Paolo painted both large altarpieces and small manuscripts.", "description": "Saint Catherine (1347-1380) was the daughter of a prosperous Sienese cloth dyer. At the age of six, she saw a vision of Christ and thereafter dedicated herself to chastity, penance, and good works. She became much beloved in Siena for selflessly caring for victims of the Black Death. This panel, with 1966.2, was once part of a predella (or pedestal) of a large altarpiece painted for the Hospital Church of Siena. The main scene of this altarpiece, showing the Presentation of Christ in the Temple (now preserved in Siena) was ordered by the Pork Butchers Guild (the Pizzicaiuoli) in 1447. The predella was added later when Catherine was canonized in 1461. In the first panel, she kneels before an altar and reaches up to choose from the monastic garments offered by Saints Dominic, Augustine, and Francis, all founders of religious orders. Catherine takes the habit of Saint Dominic, which she wore as the founder of the Sisters of Penance. The second panel shows, at the right, Saint Catherine giving her cloak to a beggar. The beggar was really Christ in disguise, and at the left returns the cloak to her. For this act of charity, the cloak perpetually protected its wearer from the cold.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469615"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.3-st-catherine-of-sien"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ramboux, Johann Anton. Catalog der nachgelassenen Kunst-Sammlungen des Herrn Johann Anton Ramboux Versteigerung zu C\u00f6ln am 23. Mai 1867 durch J. M. Heberle (H. Lempertz). 1867.", "page_number": "lots 113, 115", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n83"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1424"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 34; Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Fernandez-Gimenez, Elizabeth Ourusoff. \"Giovanni Di Paolo: The Life of St. Catherine of Siena.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 4 (1967).", "page_number": "pp. 103-10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152153"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n83"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Louise d' Argencourt, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art,</em> 1974.", "page_number": "pp. 104-110", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 67", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n87"}, {"citation": "Christiansen, Keith, Laurence B. Kanter, and Carl Brandon Strehlke. <em>Painting in Renaissance Siena, 1420-1500.</em> New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "pp. 224-228", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boskovits, Miklo\u0301s, Serena Padovani, and Irene Martin. E<em>arly Italian Painting: 1290-1470</em>. London: Published by Philip Wilson Publishers for Sotheby's Publications, 1990.", "page_number": "pp. 104-112", "url": null}, {"citation": "Freuler, Gaudenz. \"Ku\u0308nder der wunderbaren Dinge\": fru\u0308he italienische Malerei aus Sammlungen in der Schweiz und in Liechtenstein. Lugano-Castagnola: Fondazione Thyssen-Bornemisza, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Krischel, Roland, Susanne Blo\u0308cker, Frank Gu\u0308nter Zehnder, and Hiltrud Kier. <em>Lust und Verlust: Kolner Sammler zwischen Trikolore und Preussenadler.</em> Koln: Wienand, 1995.", "page_number": "p. CXII-III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Warr, Cordelia. \"Clothing, Charity, Salvatio and Visionary Experience in Fifteenth-Century Siena.\" <em>Art History: Journal of the Association of Art Historians.</em> 27:2, April 2004", "page_number": "Fig. 1.1, p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Raymond, and Josef Schwarzbauer. <em>33 Jahre fu\u0308r Christus: die Legenda Maior ; das Leben der hl. Caterina von Siena</em>. Kleinhain: Verlag St. Josef, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Genovese, Valeria E. \"Postille messinesi: il golgota di Gualtieri Sicamino e il dono per Polidoro da Caravaggio.\" In Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa: Classe di Lettere e Filosofia. Serie 5. Pisa: Edizioni Della Normale., 2011", "page_number": "Pg 616, fig 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Genovese, Veleria E. \"Postille Messinesi: Il Golgota di Gualtieri Sicamino e il dono per Polidoro da Caravaggio\" <em>Annali della Scuola normale superiore di Pisa, Classe di lettere e filosofia</em>. Pisa: La Scuola, (Serie 5 2011, 3/2)", "page_number": "p. 616", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kennedy, Trinita, Donal Cooper, Holly Flora, Trinita Kennedy, Amy Neff, and Janet Robson. S<em>anctity Pictured: The Art of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders in Renaissance Italy</em>. 2014.", "page_number": "cat. no. 42b, p. 186", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dwyer Modestini, Dianne, and Mario Modestini.<em> Masterpieces: Based on a Manuscript by Mario Modestini.</em> Fiesole (Firenze) : Cadmo, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 323-324", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.3/1966.3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "893", "filesize": "735282", "filename": "1966.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.3/1966.3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3372", "filesize": "10178565", "filename": "1966.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.3/1966.3_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4959", "filesize": "74421392", "filename": "1966.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142559, "creators": [{"id": 2181, "description": "Giovanni di Paolo (Italian, c. 1403\u20131482)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1403", "death_year": "1482", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1460, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1460s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:18:52.397000"}, {"id": 170835, "accession_number": "2013.325", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Nur Jahan holding a portrait of Emperor Jahangir, c. 1627. Mughal India. Gum tempera and gold on paper; painting only: 13.6 x 6.4 cm (5 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.); page: 30 x 22.1 cm (11 13/16 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, 2013.325", "current_location": null, "title": "Nur Jahan holding a portrait of Emperor Jahangir", "creation_date": "c. 1627", "creation_date_earliest": 1622, "creation_date_latest": 1632, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Mughal India"], "technique": "gum tempera and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Mughal", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 13.6 x 6.4 cm (5 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.); Page: 30 x 22.1 cm (11 13/16 x 8 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"page": {"height": 0.3, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.221, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "painting only": {"height": 0.136, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.064, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 203111, "title": "Art and Stories from Mughal India", "description": "<i>Art and Stories from Mughal India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 31-October 23, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665205, "title": "Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)", "description": "<i>Carpets and Canopies in Mughal India\u200b (Indian art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 22-September 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 665435, "title": "Shahzia Sikander: Collective Behavior", "description": "<i>Shahzia Sikander: Collective Behavior</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 14-June 8, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Grand Mogul</em>. Sterliing and Francine Clark Institute, Williamstown, MA; Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, MD; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA; Asia House Gallery, New York, NY (1978-1979).", "opening_date": "1978-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 245)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 31, 2013-June 30, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-12-31T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Maggs Brothers, London, UK, sold to Ralph Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ralph Benkaim [1914\u20132001] and Catherine Glynn Benkaim [b. 1946], Beverly Hills, CA, sold to  the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1969\u20132013", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2013\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jahangir died at 58, outliving his younger brothers by about 25 years.", "description": "A woman identified as the favorite wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir (reigned 1605\u201327) holds a formal portrait of her husband. He appears aged with graying facial hair behind the <em>jharokha </em>carpet that marks imperial presence.<br> <br>This painting may be modeled on a work depicting Jahangir holding a portrait of his deceased father, showing himself to be the legitimate successor. Nur Jahan, who handled most of the affairs of state, hoped to remain in power after his death. She is depicted in her idealized youth, since she would have been 50 years old when Jahangir died.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60481774"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2013.325-nur-jahan-holding-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beach, Milo Cleveland, Stuart Cary Welch, and Glenn D. Lowry. <em>The Grand Mogul: Imperial Painting in India, 1600-1660</em>. Williamstown, MA: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 1978.", "page_number": "cat. no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vaughan, Philippa. \"Begams of the House of Timur and the Dynastic Image.\" In <em>Humayun's Garden Party: Princes of the House of Timur and Early Mughal Painting</em>, 117\u2013134. Edited by Sheila R. Canby. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 132, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Komaroff, Linda, and Sheila Blair. <em>Gifts of the Sultan: The Arts of Giving at the Islamic Courts</em>. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "cat. no. 59, p. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mace, Sonya Rhie, Mohsen Ashtiany, Catherine Glynn, Pedro Moura Carvalho, Marcus Fraser, and Ruby Lal. <em>Mughal Paintings: Art and Stories: the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London: D Giles Limited, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 54, pp. 216, 303", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lal, Ruby. <em>Empress: The Astonishing Reign of Nur Jahan</em>. New York, NY: W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: color plate after p. 142", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rice, Yael and Sonja Drimmer. \"How Scientists Use and Abuse Portraiture\" <em>Hyperallergic,</em> December 11, 2020, https://hyperallergic.com/604897/how-scientists-use-and-abuse-portraiture/", "page_number": null, "url": "https://hyperallergic.com/604897/how-scientists-use-and-abuse-portraiture/"}, {"citation": "Griswold, William M. \u201cRecent Acquisitions (2013-20) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine </em>163, no. 1414 (January 2021): 93\u2013104.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 102, no. 19; Mentioned: p. 93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kazmi, Nuzhat. <em>Awra\u0303q-E Mus\u0323avvir: Mughal Art of Portraiture: the Intellectual Context and Content.</em> Gurugram: Three Essays Collective, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 197, 206, 219; Reproduced: plate 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Liebert, Emily. \u201cShahzia Sikander: Collective Behavior: The exhibition travels from Venice to Cleveland.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>64, no. 4 (2024): 8\u20139.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9; Mentioned: pp. 8, 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-04"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2013.325", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_web.jpg", "width": "529", "height": "900", "filesize": "225842", "filename": "2013.325_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_print.jpg", "width": "2000", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2228335", "filename": "2013.325_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_full.tif", "width": "4386", "height": "7456", "filesize": "98139768", "filename": "2013.325_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "557", "height": "900", "filesize": "248082"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2106", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2687043"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4074", "height": "6576", "filesize": "80403376"}, "date_created": "2015-11-06T16:01:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "219322"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2544288"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5274", "height": "7032", "filesize": "111291768"}, "date_created": "2015-10-07T11:18:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "667", "height": "900", "filesize": "143269"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2521", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1684180"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5194", "height": "7006", "filesize": "109196464"}, "date_created": "2015-09-15T10:22:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "665", "height": "900", "filesize": "319071"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2513", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2822228"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2013.325/2013.325_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5602", "height": "7580", "filesize": "127427992"}, "date_created": "2013-12-30T13:16:07", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift in honor of Madeline Neves Clapp; Gift of Mrs. Henry White Cannon by exchange; Bequest of Louise T. Cooper; Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund; From the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 170835, "creators": [{"id": 63511, "description": "Bishandas (Indian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": false, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2013-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1622, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1627", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:49:23.467000"}, {"id": 148368, "accession_number": "1975.80", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "English Warship Firing a Salute, 1690. Netherlands. Oil on canvas; framed: 91 x 103 x 4 cm (35 13/16 x 40 9/16 x 1 9/16 in.); unframed: 63.7 x 77.5 cm (25 1/16 x 30 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin, 1975.80", "current_location": null, "title": "English Warship Firing a Salute", "creation_date": "1690", "creation_date_earliest": 1690, "creation_date_latest": 1690, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 91 x 103 x 4 cm (35 13/16 x 40 9/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Unframed: 63.7 x 77.5 cm (25 1/16 x 30 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.91, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.03, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.04, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.637, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.775, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": " Front, lower center near edge, signed and dated in paint\r\nReverse: top stretcher, stencil \"360 V\"; hand written in pencil \"Left\"; hand written in pencil (red) \"18\"; \r\nVertical center bar: Label with hand written pencil \"K.L Patterson\"; hand written pencil \" #5\"; Signed lower center: \"W. V. Velde J. 1690\"; \r\nhorizontal center bar: hand written w/grease pencil \"10120\". ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 215121, "title": "Re-presenting the Baroque", "description": "<i>Re-presenting the Baroque</i>. Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art (organizer) (October 1, 1997-April 1, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art (02/03/1976 - 03/07/1976) \"Year in Review\" (cat. no. 63, illus. pp. 40)", "opening_date": "1976-02-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art (07/10/1973 - 09/02/1973) \"Duch Art and Life in the Seventeenth Century\" (no catalogue)", "opening_date": "1973-07-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art, Gainesville, FL (10/01/1997 - 04/19/1998) \"Re-presenting the Baroque\" (no catalogue)", "opening_date": "1997-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago (10/20/2003 - 01/19/2004); Philadelphia Museum of Art (02/15/2004 - 05/30/2004);   Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (06/18/2004 - 09/26/2004) \"Manet and the Sea\" (exh. cat. pp. 7, fig. 7)", "opening_date": "2003-10-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "-1751               Charles Cavert (1699-1751), Fifth Lord Baltimore", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1751-1771\tFrederick Calvert (1731-1771), Sixth Lord Baltimore", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1771-1835\tHenry Harford (d. 1771)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1835-1885\tFrederick Paul Harford, Down Place, Windsor, sold, Christie's London, 06/1885", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "-\t\tRufus L. Patterson (1872-1943), New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "[Norton Galleries, New York]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1968-1975\tMr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin, Cleveland, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Van de Velde and his father picked up their lives in Amsterdam in 1672 and moved to England to paint for the king. Their paintings of the Royal Navy\u2019s massive ships celebrated England\u2019s power in war and trade.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59209120"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1975.80-english-warship-firi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1975.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 2 (February 1976): 31\u201371. <br>Attributed to: Willem van de Velde II", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40; Mentioned: p. 67, no. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 283; Mentioned: p. 282", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.80", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_web.jpg", "width": "1082", "height": "893", "filesize": "631598", "filename": "1975.80_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2806", "filesize": "6811382", "filename": "1975.80_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_full.tif", "width": "5389", "height": "4447", "filesize": "71924744", "filename": "1975.80_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1079", "height": "893", "filesize": "670992"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2813", "filesize": "7232914"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5650", "height": "4674", "filesize": "79255044"}, "date_created": "2009-06-02T18:24:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1001", "height": "893", "filesize": "561208"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3033", "filesize": "6447664"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5223", "height": "4659", "filesize": "73033040"}, "date_created": "2009-06-02T16:14:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1099", "height": "893", "filesize": "803136"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1890", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2519464"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.80/1975.80_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1890", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8712372"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 148368, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1690, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1690", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:37:46.728000"}, {"id": 105919, "accession_number": "1924.1002", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sketches of Virgin and Child, 1550\u20131600. Giulio Campi (Italian, c. 1500\u20131572). Black chalk; framing lines in traces of gold ink; sheet: 20.3 x 13.4 cm (8 x 5 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1924.1002", "current_location": null, "title": "Sketches of Virgin and Child", "creation_date": "1550\u20131600", "creation_date_earliest": 1550, "creation_date_latest": 1599, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 16th century"], "technique": "black chalk; framing lines in traces of gold ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 20.3 x 13.4 cm (8 x 5 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.203, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.134, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Parmigiano", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "brown ink", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "Parmigeano", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "pencil", "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "L.74\ng", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "brown ink", "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": "A3543", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "pencil", "sortorder": 4}, {"inscription": "13", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "pencil", "sortorder": 5}, {"inscription": "F. C. 2489", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "", "sortorder": 6}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312437, "title": "Drawings from the Collection of Sir Robert Witt, London", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Collection of Sir Robert Witt, London</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 30-October 30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-09-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 347295, "title": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters", "description": "<i>Drawings by Old Italian Masters</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 5, 1940-February 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304379, "title": "The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles", "description": "<i>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 6-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles (Mar. 6-Apr. 22, 1979), no. 85, illus., pp. 18, 107.", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Old Master Drawings (Mar. 10-30, 1964).", "opening_date": "1930-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Jan. 11-Sep. 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Miscellaneous Installation\" (Jan. 21-Feb. 13, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (installed, gallery VI July 22, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-07-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, installed in case, armor court (Jan. 29-Apr. 20, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-01-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, (gallery V July 9-Nov. 7, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-07-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Jan. 20-Apr. 26, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 17-Oct. 4, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings by Old Italian Masters from the Collection (June 5, 1940-Feb. 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings from the Collection of Sir Robert Witt, London, Supplemented by Drawings from the Collection (Oct. 1-30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1930-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (Feb. 10-Apr. 28, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-02-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings by Old and Modern Masters from the Collection\" (June 5, 1930-Jan. 9, 1931; Feb. 20-Mar. 15, 1931; June 10, 1931-Jan. 16, 1932).", "opening_date": "1931-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jonathan Richardson, Sr., London (Lugt 2183, lower right, in black ink; Lugt 2983-2984 or possibly John Barnard mount and inscription?, verso of old mount (now removed), upper center, written in ink: L. 74. / G.) . [FritzRoy Carrington]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sixteenth-century artists from the northern provinces of Italy like Giulio Campi often focused on painterly effects such as light and shadow, rather than line, in their drawings.", "description": "This sheet of sketches was drawn from imagination in preparation for a painting. Here, the artist explored five different ways to capture the motion of a restless child enfolded in its mother\u2019s embrace. Blue-gray papers like this were made from indigo-dyed rags and typically used for drawings by 16th-century Venetian artists such as Giulio Campi to study the painterly effects of light and shade.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79892023"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1924.1002-sketches-of-virgin-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., and Jane Glaubinger. <em>The Draftsman\u2019s Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</em>. Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with the Indiana University Press, 1981", "page_number": "p.18, 107, 110. n.85", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Miller, Michael J., <em>Drawing, a Glossary of Materials: Selections from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987", "page_number": "p.4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., Burton L. Dunbar, Robert Munman, et al. <em>Sixteenth-Century Italian Drawings</em>. Corpus of Drawings in Midwestern Collections. Harvey Miller, 2008.", "page_number": "p.55, n.7", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1924.1002", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.1002/1924.1002_web.jpg", "width": "589", "height": "893", "filesize": "425150", "filename": "1924.1002_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.1002/1924.1002_print.jpg", "width": "2241", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7506967", "filename": "1924.1002_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.1002/1924.1002_full.tif", "width": "4266", "height": "6471", "filesize": "82842608", "filename": "1924.1002_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 105919, "creators": [{"id": 26123, "description": "Giulio Campi (Italian, c. 1500\u20131572)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1500", "death_year": "1572", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1924-11-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1550, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1550\u20131600", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:41:49.295000"}, {"id": 97971, "accession_number": "1917.611", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figures Depicting the Four Seasons, c. 1775. Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381). Hard-paste porcelain; part 1: 28.4 x 16.2 x 13.7 cm (11 3/16 x 6 3/8 x 5 3/8 in.); part 2: 27 x 14.5 x 9.4 cm (10 5/8 x 5 11/16 x 3 11/16 in.); part 3: 27 x 15.9 x 11.7 cm (10 5/8 x 6 1/4 x 4 5/8 in.); part 4: 27.2 x 13 x 11.5 cm (10 11/16 x 5 1/8 x 4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.611", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Figures Depicting the Four Seasons", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Bristol"], "technique": "hard-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Part 1: 28.4 x 16.2 x 13.7 cm (11 3/16 x 6 3/8 x 5 3/8 in.); Part 2: 27 x 14.5 x 9.4 cm (10 5/8 x 5 11/16 x 3 11/16 in.); Part 3: 27 x 15.9 x 11.7 cm (10 5/8 x 6 1/4 x 4 5/8 in.); Part 4: 27.2 x 13 x 11.5 cm (10 11/16 x 5 1/8 x 4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.284, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.162, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.137, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "part 2": {"height": 0.27, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.145, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.094, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.6875}, "part 3": {"height": 0.27, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.159, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.117, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "part 4": {"height": 0.272, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.13, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.115, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Allegorical figures most often decorated a table during the dessert course, providing amusing subjects for conversation.", "description": "In this group depicting the four seasons, a young boy in ice skates represents winter; a young lady adorns her hair with flowers in spring; a young man guards his beehive in summer; and a girl gathers fruit in autumn.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750109"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.611-figures-depicting-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.<br>Only <em>Summer </em>(1917.611.3) and <em>Autumn</em> (1917.611.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.<br>Only <em>Summer </em>(1917.611.3) and <em>Autumn</em> (1917.611.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n14"}, {"citation": "\"The Bequests of Mary Warden Harkness: A Tribute and an Accounting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>15, no. 2 part II (February 1928): 43-50", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 43", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137106"}, {"citation": "\"European Porcelains Bequeathed by Mary Warden Harkness.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>15, no. 2 part II (February 1928): 57-59", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 59", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137108"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.<br>Only <em>Autumn</em> (1917.611.2) reproduced. Incorrectly published as <em>Spring </em>(1917.611.1).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 267", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n55"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.611", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611/1917.611_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "383", "filesize": "", "filename": "1917.611_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611/1917.611_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1447", "filesize": "", "filename": "1917.611_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611/1917.611_full.tif", "width": "18288", "height": "7785", "filesize": "", "filename": "1917.611_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611/1917.611_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "900", "filesize": "96975"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611/1917.611_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2110", "height": "3400", "filesize": "653090"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.611/1917.611_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3400", "height": "5478", "filesize": "55899612"}, "date_created": "2006-01-16T16:29:20", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97971, "creators": [{"id": 14385, "description": "Bristol Porcelain Factory (British, 1770\u201381)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Benjamin Lund produced soft-paste porcelain known as Lund's Bristol Ware between 1749 and 1752. When William Cookworthy (1705-1784) moved his pottery works to Bristol from Plymouth, he began to produce England's first hard-paste porcelain. The works were soon transferred to his factory manager then partner Richard Champion (1743-1791), who directed the factory until its demise around 1782.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Spring; Autumn; Summer; Winter"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:17:12.586000"}, {"id": 112878, "accession_number": "1931.462.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Trap door for the Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude, c. 1045. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core; overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1931.462.b", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Trap door for the Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude", "creation_date": "c. 1045", "creation_date_earliest": 1040, "creation_date_latest": 1050, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century"], "technique": "Gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Romanesque", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.105, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.275, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.21, "depth_inch": 8, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196195, "title": "Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe", "description": "<i>Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics, and Devotion in Medieval Europe</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 17, 2010-January 17, 2011); The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (February 13-May 15, 2011); The British Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (June 23-October 9, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, October 17, 2010 - January 17, 2011, Walters Art Museum February 13 - May 15, 2011, British Museum June 23 - October 9, 2011: \"Treasures of Heaven: Saints, Relics and Devotion in Medieval Europe,\" cat. no. 42.", "opening_date": "2011-02-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007), the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008) and Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "By removing this door located on the bottom of the altar, the numerous small relics of saints wrapped in silk are revealed.", "description": "Commissioned by Countess Gertrude of Brunswick, this portable altar is one of the Guelph Treasure\u2019s earliest and most sumptuous objects. The choice of white-speckled porphyry as the altar stone signals Gertrude\u2019s worldly aspirations; an imperial color since classical antiquity, porphyry was only used by the imperial family. Historical figures of royal and imperial rank are depicted with Christ, the Virgin, apostles, and archangels along the altar\u2019s sides, stressing the countess\u2019s political ambitions and claim of imperial lineage for her own dynasty. The Latin inscription surrounding the altar stone reads, \"Gertrude offers to Christ, to live joyfully in him, this stone that glistens with gems and gold.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.462.b-trap-door-for-the-po"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 95", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n31"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n69"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 45", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n67"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 50", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n70"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 19, p. 24", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mikolic, Amanda. <em>Worshiping in Place through Art: The Hidden Gems of the Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude. </em>Cleveland Museum of Art The Thinker Blog on Medium. July 16, 2020.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/worshiping-in-place-through-art-the-hidden-gems-of-the-portable-altar-of-countess-gertrude-48f9457d9cc5"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.462.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.462.b/1931.462.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "584", "filesize": "279942", "filename": "1931.462.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.462.b/1931.462.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2206", "filesize": "2227166", "filename": "1931.462.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.462.b/1931.462.b_full.tif", "width": "5619", "height": "3645", "filesize": "61477616", "filename": "1931.462.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.462.b/1931.462.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "806", "filesize": "731147"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.462.b/1931.462.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2169", "filesize": "4391868"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.462.b/1931.462.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3189", "filesize": "47854316"}, "date_created": "2005-08-11T14:59:40", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112878, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-01-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1040, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1045", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1931.462", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Gertrudis Portable Altar"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:56:50.651000"}, {"id": 124286, "accession_number": "1945.27", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Twelve-sided Ewer with Sphinxes and Human-Headed Inscriptions, 1300\u20131350. Iran, Khurasan, Ilkhanid period (1256\u20131353). Hammered sheet of brass inlaid with silver; overall: 44.8 cm (17 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1945.27", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Twelve-sided Ewer with Sphinxes and Human-Headed Inscriptions", "creation_date": "1300\u20131350", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1350, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Khurasan, Ilkhanid period (1256\u20131353)"], "technique": "hammered sheet of brass inlaid with silver", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 44.8 cm (17 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.448, "height_inch": 17, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312146, "title": "Islamic Art", "description": "<i>Islamic Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1944-February 2, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-11-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312068, "title": "For Modern America from the Ancient Near East", "description": "<i>For Modern America from the Ancient Near East</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-March 21, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Hagop Kevorkian [1872\u20131962], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1945", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Calligraphy with human heads, known as animated script, developed in northeast Iran during the 1100s.", "description": "The spout and neck of the ewer display a crouching and seated lion in raised relief. Winged hare-like animals march around the top of the body, set off by foliate scrolls, while sphinxes process around the center. The bottom of the ewer\u2019s body is encircled by an inscription with human heads, which only appear on metalwork in Islamic art. Ewers like this, and similar elaborate vessels, would have been used in court banquets and elite homes across the Islamic world.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751915"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.27-twelve-sided-ewer-wi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lethaby, W. R. \"Notes.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs</em> 23, no. 124 (July 1913): 246-51.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247; Reproduced: p. 248", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/859357"}, {"citation": "\"Closing Days of the Inaugural Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 3, no. 3 (1916): 1-4.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8; mentioned: p. 9", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136049"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"Two Inlaid Brasses.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 33, no. 4 (April 1946): 39-43.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 39-40; Reproduced: p. 41", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141271"}, {"citation": "\u201cPart II. Annual Report Issue for the Year 1945.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 33, no. 6, 1946, pp. 103\u2013130.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141295"}, {"citation": "Baer, Eva. <em>Sphinxes and Harpies in Medieval Islamic Art; An Iconographical Study.</em> Jerusalem: Israel Oriental Society, 1965.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 14, fn. 53; Reproduced: Pl. XIV, fig. 24", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.27", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_web.jpg", "width": "606", "height": "893", "filesize": "318795", "filename": "1945.27_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_print.jpg", "width": "2306", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5306330", "filename": "1945.27_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_full.tif", "width": "4003", "height": "5900", "filesize": "70881388", "filename": "1945.27_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "893", "filesize": "316994"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2280", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5274669"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3852", "height": "5742", "filesize": "66382236"}, "date_created": "2011-08-12T17:25:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "624", "height": "893", "filesize": "338101"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2374", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5554690"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3933", "height": "5631", "filesize": "66468124"}, "date_created": "2011-08-12T17:34:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "607", "height": "893", "filesize": "335381"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2310", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5463393"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3688", "height": "5428", "filesize": "60084616"}, "date_created": "2011-08-12T17:43:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "322081"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5043522"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99890284"}, "date_created": "2011-08-12T18:09:32", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "715", "height": "893", "filesize": "459061"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1919", "filesize": "2307450"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.27/1945.27_alt4_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1919", "filesize": "8846004"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "6a04aa6ff4fd470681bbeddf7be42f93", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/6a04aa6ff4fd470681bbeddf7be42f93", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124286, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1945-02-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1300\u20131350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:49.549000"}, {"id": 130707, "accession_number": "1953.424", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head of Saint John the Baptist, c. 1550\u20131650. Spain or Northern Italy, mid 16th - mid 17th century. Oil on canvas; framed: 80.6 x 104.8 x 7.6 cm (31 3/4 x 41 1/4 x 3 in.); unframed: 50 x 75.2 cm (19 11/16 x 29 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1953.424", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "Head of Saint John the Baptist", "creation_date": "c. 1550\u20131650", "creation_date_earliest": 1550, "creation_date_latest": 1650, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Spain or Northern Italy, mid 16th - mid 17th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 16th & 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 80.6 x 104.8 x 7.6 cm (31 3/4 x 41 1/4 x 3 in.); Unframed: 50 x 75.2 cm (19 11/16 x 29 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.806, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.048, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 0.5, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.752, "width_inch": 29, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscription of ribbon entwining the reed cross: ECCE AGNUS DEI", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Vienna, Sezesion (second exhibition by the Verein der Museumfreunde), 1924: \"Meisterwerker Italienischer Renaissance Kunst aus Privtbesitz,\" cat. no. 112.", "opening_date": "1924-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Venice, Palazo P\u00e9saro, 1935: \"Mostra di Tiziano,\" cat. no. 63 (catalogue by Gino Fogliari).", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1956: \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. no. 22, pl. IX. (Catalogue by Henry S Francis).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Alessandro Brass, Venice], sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1953.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The scroll wrapped around the cross next to John the Baptist's head reads <em>Ecce Agnus Dei</em>, meaning \"Behold the Lamb of God.\"", "description": "Salome\u2019s dancing so pleased her stepfather Herod that he offered her anything she wanted. Her mother advised Salome to demand John the Baptist\u2019s head, which Salome presented to her family in an elaborate dish. Here, the head stands on its own, with a startlingly tangible presence. Despite its biblical source, this work was meant for a domestic setting, whose owner would have admired the artful presentation of a shocking story. Acquired in 1953 as the work of the Venetian Renaissance artist Titian, the painting soon lost this attribution because it lacks Titian\u2019s distinctive brushwork. After decades of research, the museum has yet to identify a clear author. Recently, several scholars have argued persuasively for a Spanish artist, partly because the subject is common in Spanish art in the early 1600s. Yet the color scheme and the handling of paint in the face recalls the work of earlier artists inspired by Titian in northern Italy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516403"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.424-head-of-saint-john-t"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Portraits by Lorenzo Lotto.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>44, no. 3 (March 1957): 43-46.<br><br>Attributed to Lorenzo Lotto", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42; Mentioned: p. 45", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142195"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n119/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 97", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n121"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 111", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n131"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 442", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brettell, Richard R. <em>On Modern Beauty: Three Paintings by Manet, Gauguin, and Cezanne</em>. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 56, no. 40", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.424", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.424/1953.424_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "830", "filesize": "724828", "filename": "1953.424_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.424/1953.424_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2235", "filesize": "5897752", "filename": "1953.424_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.424/1953.424_full.tif", "width": "6060", "height": "3983", "filesize": "72441096", "filename": "1953.424_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.424/1953.424_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "773909"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.424/1953.424_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2266", "filesize": "6111661"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.424/1953.424_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6382", "height": "4253", "filesize": "81458260"}, "date_created": "2009-06-24T17:18:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.424/1953.424_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1162", "height": "893", "filesize": "815160"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.424/1953.424_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2614", "filesize": "6894001"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.424/1953.424_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5841", "height": "4491", "filesize": "78729108"}, "date_created": "2009-06-24T13:34:51", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130707, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1550, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1550\u20131650", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:01.142000"}, {"id": 140164, "accession_number": "1964.163", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fluted Cup with Dragon Handle, early 1300s. China, Jiangxi Province, Jingdezhen kilns, Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368). Glazed porcelain, Qingbai (bluish-white) ware; diameter: 9 cm (3 9/16 in.); overall: 6 cm (2 3/8 in.). 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[1895\u20131985] and Greta [Marguerite Steckerl] Millikin [1903\u20131989], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1959\u20131964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Clay beading divides the cup's interior into six foliate panels with a six-petaled flower at the junction of the beaded lines.", "description": "Very thinly potted, the subtly lobed body of this cup is almost translucent. The thin, slightly opaque, light greenish glaze lends a sugary shine. Applied elements, including the handle, beaded borders, and sculptural floret, are constructed and glazed with the same materials as the body, providing a seamless blend of form and decorative embellishment. 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"sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "NACCO Industries Gallery", "athena_id": 140164, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-06-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Fluted Cup with Dragon Handle, Qingbai Ware"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:11:07.719000"}, {"id": 142724, "accession_number": "1966.436.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lapis Lazuli Easter Egg, c. 1885\u201390. Attributed to Peter Carl Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1846\u20131920), attributed to House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Gold, enamel, lapis lazuli, pearls, diamonds, rubies; overall: 5.9 x 4.5 cm (2 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.436.a", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Lapis Lazuli Easter Egg", "creation_date": "c. 1885\u201390", "creation_date_earliest": 1885, "creation_date_latest": 1890, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "gold, enamel, lapis lazuli, pearls, diamonds, rubies", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 5.9 x 4.5 cm (2 5/16 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.059, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.045, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211192, "title": "Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop</i>. Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 8-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 174850, "title": "Faberg\u00e9: Designing Luxury, from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9: Designing Luxury, from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts</i>. The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 13, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This egg may have been made for one of the tsar's relatives very early in the run of Faberg\u00e9's production of Easter eggs.", "description": "Peter Carl Faberg\u00e9 became the crown jeweler to the imperial court of Russia after he produced the very first Easter egg for Tsar Alexander III to give to his wife, Empress Marie Feodorovna. Faberg\u00e9 created his celebrated Easter eggs, symbols of rebirth and renewal, as gifts for the Russian imperial family every year until he had to leave the country in 1919 after the Russian Revolution. Made of gold and lapis lazui from the Ural Mountains, this egg conceals a delightful surprise within of an imperial crown and a tiny ruby or pink sapphire on a chain.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18245358"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.436.a-lapis-lazuli-easter"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 72-73, cat. 32.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. 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Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 175, cat. 51.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}, {"citation": "Solon, Chad. \"The Lapis Lazuli Egg in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" The Burlington Magazine. 163, no.1422 (September 2021): 828-831", "page_number": "reproduced p. 831; mentioned p. 828-831", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.436.c", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "48709", "filename": "1966.436.c_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "411434", "filename": "1966.436.c_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144026520", "filename": "1966.436.c_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "603", "filesize": "151452"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2836", "height": "1900", "filesize": "968488"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2836", "height": "1900", "filesize": "16189024"}, "date_created": "2019-09-23T16:01:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "644", "filesize": "145394"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2434", "filesize": "1187502"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3445", "height": "2466", "filesize": "25509756"}, "date_created": "2019-09-23T16:29:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "79802"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "721478"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.436.c/1966.436.c_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144027664"}, "date_created": "2018-03-27T11:28:32", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142726, "creators": [{"id": 5366, "description": "Peter Carl Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1846\u20131920)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "designer", "biography": "Supplied most of the gifts exchanged by relatives of the imperial family in Russia, Denmark, Germany, and England for christenings, name days, birthdays, Christmas, and Easter.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1846", "death_year": "1920", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1885, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1885\u201390", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1966.436", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:19:48.814000"}, {"id": 150359, "accession_number": "1981.16", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Aviator, 1920. Fernand L\u00e9ger (French, 1881\u20131955). Oil on canvas; framed: 80.1 x 106.7 x 4.6 cm (31 9/16 x 42 x 1 13/16 in.); unframed: 65 x 92 cm (25 9/16 x 36 1/4 in.); former: 90.5 x 117.2 x 7 cm (35 5/8 x 46 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1981.16. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "current_location": "223 20th Century Avant-Garde", "title": "The Aviator", "creation_date": "1920", "creation_date_earliest": 1920, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 80.1 x 106.7 x 4.6 cm (31 9/16 x 42 x 1 13/16 in.); Unframed: 65 x 92 cm (25 9/16 x 36 1/4 in.); Former: 90.5 x 117.2 x 7 cm (35 5/8 x 46 1/8 x 2 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.801, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 1.067, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.046, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.65, "height_inch": 25, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.92, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "former": {"height": 0.905, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.172, "width_inch": 46, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.07, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"F LEGER / 20\"; inscribed on back: \"L'AVIATEUR / DEFINITIF / F. LEGER 20\"\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304599, "title": "The Year in Review for 1981", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1981</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 227345, "title": "Fernand L\u00e9ger Retrospective", "description": "<i>Fernand L\u00e9ger Retrospective</i>. Helly Nahmad Gallery, New York, NY (organizer) (February 22-May 28, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Fernand L\u00e9ger Retrospective</em>. Helly Nahmad Gallery, New York, NY (February 22-May 28, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(D. H. Kahnweiler, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Alfred Flechtheim, Berlin,Germany)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Kofler-Herni Coll.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Galerie Beyeler, Basel Switzerland)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Perls Galleries, New York, NY, 1981, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1981", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1981-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Trained as an architect to admire pure, geometric forms, L\u00e9ger wrote that while fighting on the Argonne Front during World War I he was \"stunned by the sight of the breech of a 75 millimeter in the sunlight. It was the magic of light on the white metal.\"", "description": "During World War I, Fernand L\u00e9ger served in the Corps of Engineers until he sustained injuries from a mustard gas attack at the Battle of Verdun in 1916. This painting celebrates the courage of aviators and the technology of flight; the spinning propeller is suggested by the arching curves fragmented into sections of purple, white, black, green, and yellow. The circular motif is repeated as a human head, the insignia of the French air force (that resembles a bullseye), and tubular mechanical elements throughout the composition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474736"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor Leger Painting Acquired by the Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d March 31, 1981, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2869"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1981.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 2 (1982): 39\u201382.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 42", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159758"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \u201cThe Aviator: A Major Painting by Fernand L\u00e9ger.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 3 (1982): 87\u201393.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, P. 92, fig. 12; Mentioned: P. 87-93", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159762"}, {"citation": "Blass, Brigit. <em>Aviatik und Avantgarde: Fliegen und Schweben</em>. Ko\u0308ln, Germany: Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Presse &amp; Information, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Fernand L\u00e9ger Retrospective. </em>New York, New York: Helly Nahmad Gallery, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 38-39, no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery S. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17, fig. 1", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1981.16", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Michael J. Horvitz Family Gallery", "athena_id": 150359, "creators": [{"id": 2121, "description": "Fernand L\u00e9ger (French, 1881\u20131955)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1881", "death_year": "1955", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1981-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1920, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1920", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:04.132000"}, {"id": 149683, "accession_number": "1979.71", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Arhat (\uc138\uacf5\uc591\uc874\uc790 [\u4e16\u4f9b\u990a\u5c0a\u8005]), 1235. Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392). Hanging scroll; ink and slight color on silk; image: 52.7 x 40.6 cm (20 3/4 x 16 in.); overall: 140 x 54.1 cm (55 1/8 x 21 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1979.71", "current_location": null, "title": "Arhat", "title_in_original_language": "\uc138\uacf5\uc591\uc874\uc790 [\u4e16\u4f9b\u990a\u5c0a\u8005]", "creation_date": "1235", "creation_date_earliest": 1235, "creation_date_latest": 1235, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and slight color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 52.7 x 40.6 cm (20 3/4 x 16 in.); Overall: 140 x 54.1 cm (55 1/8 x 21 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.527, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.406, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "overall": {"height": 1.4, "height_inch": 55, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.541, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1979</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304427, "title": "Korea: Bridge of Culture", "description": "<i>Korea: Bridge of Culture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 11-August 10, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 314048, "title": "Buddhist Portraiture", "description": "<i>Buddhist Portraiture</i>. Nara National Museum, Nara 630, Japan (organizer) (April 29-June 7, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-04-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442377, "title": "\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u4ecf\u6559\u3092\u7bc9\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u3073\u3068: \u305d\u306e\u8096\u50cf\u3068\u66f8 (Those Who Built Japanese Buddhism: Portraits and Calligraphy)", "description": "<i>\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u4ecf\u6559\u3092\u7bc9\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u3073\u3068: \u305d\u306e\u8096\u50cf\u3068\u66f8 (Those Who Built Japanese Buddhism: Portraits and Calligraphy)</i>. Nara National Museum, Nara 630, Japan (organizer) (April 29-June 7, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-04-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222275, "title": "Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment (918-1392)", "description": "<i>Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment (918-1392)</i>. Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 22, 2003-January 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-22T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 230948, "title": "Masterpieces of Goryeo Buddhist Paintings", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Goryeo Buddhist Paintings</i>. National Museum of Korea, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) (organizer) (October 11-November 21, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-10-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 309000, "title": "Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "<i>Korean Gallery 236 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 16, 2018-January 20, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 237)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 29- December 23, 2013).", "opening_date": "2013-05-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Fugendo Co., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131979", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1979\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting that depicts an <em>arhat</em>, a human being who has achieved enlightenment, used to be part of a set of 500 hanging scrolls.", "description": "An arhat (Nahan in Korean), an advanced disciple of the Buddha, is represented here in profile with a halo encircling his head. This particular arhat is Segongyang jonja, numbered as the 464th of 500 arhats. He sits on a woven bamboo stool, is luring a dragon into an alms bowl. This hanging scroll is one of only about ten known works that survive today, all of which (except for Cleveland\u2019s piece) are currently preserved in Korea or Japan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474076"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.71-arhat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yamato Bunkakan \u5927\u548c\u6587\u83ef\u9928. <em>Tokubetsuten K\u014drai butsuga: Waga kuni ni sh\u014draisareta ringoku no konjiki no hotoketachi</em> \u7279\u5225\u5c55\u9ad8\u9e97\u4ecf\u753b : \u308f\u304c\u56fd\u306b\u8acb\u6765\u3055\u308c\u305f\u96a3\u56fd\u306e\u91d1\u8272\u306e\u4ecf\u305f\u3061 [Special exhibition Korean Buddhist paintings of Koryo dynasty (918\u20131392)]. Nara: Yamato Bunkakan, 1978.", "page_number": "no. 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 3 (1980): 58\u201399.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 134, p. 82; Mentioned: p. 62", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "Kikutake Junichi \u83ca\u7af9\u6df3\u4e00 and Yoshida Hiroshi \u5409\u7530\u5b8f\u5fd7, eds. <em>K\u014drai butsuga </em>\u9ad8\u9e97\u4ecf\u753b [Goryeo Buddhist painting]. Tokyo: Asahi shimbunsha, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 39, 58, 146, pl. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nara Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan \u5948\u826f\u56fd\u7acb\u535a\u7269\u9928. <em>Nihon no Bukkyo\u0304 o kizuita hitobito: sono sho\u0304zo\u0304 to sho</em> [\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u4ecf\u6559\u3092\u7bc9\u3044\u305f\u4eba\u3073\u3068: \u305d\u306e\u8096\u50cf\u3068\u66f8 = Special exhibition of Buddhist portraiture]. Nara: Nara Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, Sho\u0304wa 56 [1981].", "page_number": "cat. no. 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "Williams, Marjorie L. \u201cKorean Art in Western Collections: Korean Art in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Korean Culture</em> 3, no. 4 (December 1982): 4\u201317.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover and pl. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hanguk Gukje Gyoryu Jaedan \ud55c\uad6d\uad6d\uc81c\uad50\ub958\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>Miguk bangmulgwan sojang Hanguk munhwajae</em> \ubbf8\uad6d\ubc15\ubb3c\uad00 \uc18c\uc7a5 \ud55c\uad6d\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac [Korean Relics in the United States]. Seoul: Hanguk Gukje Munhwa Hyeopoe, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186, pl. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Moon Myongdae \ubb38\uba85\ub300. <em>Goryeo bulhwa</em> \uace0\ub824\ubd88\ud654. Seoul: Youlhwadang, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 47", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chung Woothak \u912d\u4e8e\u6fa4. \u201cK\u014drai jidai no rakan gaz\u014d \u9ad8\u9e97\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u7f85\u6f22\u753b\u50cf [Painting of Arhat in the Goryeo Dynasty].\u201d <em>Yamato bunka</em> \u5927\u548c\u6587\u83ef 92 (1994).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38, fig. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kikutake Junichi \u83ca\u7af9\u6df3\u4e00 and Chung Woothak \u912d\u4e8e\u6fa4, eds. <em>The Buddhist Painting of Goryeo Dynasty </em>[\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300\uc758 \ubd88\ud654 = <em>Goryeo sidae ui bulhwa</em>]<em>.</em> Seoul: Sigongsa, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 1, p. 271, no. 128, Mentioned: vol. 2, p. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hanguk Gukje Gyoryu Jaedan \ud55c\uad6d\uad6d\uc81c\uad50\ub958\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>Miguk sojang Hanguk munhwajae </em>[\ubbf8\uad6d \uc18c\uc7a5. 2, \ud638\ub180\ub8f0\ub8e8 \u7f8e\u8853\u9928, \ud074\ub9ac\ube14\ub79c\ub4dc \u535a\u7269\u9928, \uc2dc\uce74\uace0 \u7f8e\u8853\u9928, \uc2dc\uc560\ud2c0 \u535a\u7269\u9928 = The Korean relics in the United States. 2, The Honolulu Academy of Arts, The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Art Institute of Chicago, The Seattle Art Museum]. Seoul: Hanguk Gukje Gyoryu Jaedan, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 186, fig. 33", "url": ""}, {"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76, cat. no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kikutake Junichi \u83ca\u7af9\u6df3\u4e00 and Chung Woothak \u912d\u4e8e\u6fa4, eds. <em>K\u014drai jidai no butsuga</em> \u9ad8\u9e97\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u4ecf\u753b [The Buddhist paintings of Koryo Dynasty]. Seoul: Sigongsa, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 271, 471, pl. 128", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Gudo wa kkaedareum ui seongja nahan</em> \u6c42\u9053\uc640 \uae68\ub2ec\uc74c\uc758 \u8056\u8005 \u7f85\u6f22 [The Arhats: The Holy Men of Truth and Enlightenment]. Chuncheon: Gungnip Chuncheon Bangmulgwan \uad6d\ub9bd\ucd98\ucc9c\ubc15\ubb3c\uad00, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65, no. 42", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment, 918-1392</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 89, cat. no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masterpieces of Goryeo Buddhist Painting</em> [\uace0\ub824 \ubd88\ud654 \ub300\uc804 ]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192, no. 84, Mentioned: p. 309", "url": null}, {"citation": "Park, Hyewon. \u201cMasterpieces of Goryeo Buddhist Painting.\u201d <em>National Museum of Korea</em> 13 (Autumn 2010): 10.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jeong, Woo-taek [= Chung Woothak \uc815\uc6b0\ud0dd \u912d\u4e8e\u6fa4]. \u201cThe Selection and Transformation of Chinese Buddhist painting in the Goryeo Period [\uace0\ub824\uc758 \uc911\uad6d\ubd88\ud654 \uc120\ud0dd\uacfc \ubcc0\uc6a9].\u201d <em>Misulsa yeongu</em> (2011): 109\u2013136.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01791591"}, {"citation": "Kim, Jung-hee. \"The Patrons and Donors of Goryeo Buddhist Paintings [\u9ad8\u9e97\u4f5b\u7575\uc758 \u767c\u9858\u8005\uc640 \u65bd\u4e3b\u8005].\u201d <em>Kangjwa misulsa</em> (2012): 251-284.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09054241"}, {"citation": "Chung Woothak \uc815\uc6b0\ud0dd \u912d\u4e8e\u6fa4. \u201cMiguk sojae Hanguk bulhwa josa yeongu \ubbf8\uad6d\uc18c\uc7ac \ud55c\uad6d\ubd88\ud654 \uc870\uc0ac \uc5f0\uad6c [Investigation Research on the Korean Buddhist Painting in the United States].\u201d <em>Dongak misulsahak</em> \u6771\u5cb3\u7f8e\u8853\u53f2\u5b78 13 (2012): 46\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pak, Eun-kyung. \u201cAbout Silk and Enshrinement Practice of Goryeo Buddhist Painting [\u9ad8\u9e97\u4f5b\u7575\uc758 \ubcc0\uc8fd: \u672c\u5730, \u7575\u5e45, \u5949\u5b89\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \u554f\u984c].\u201d <em>Misulsa nondan</em> (2012): 35-65.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01909570"}, {"citation": "Lyu Mari \uc720\ub9c8\ub9ac. <em>Amita bulhwa ui yeongu</em> \uc544\ubbf8\ud0c0\ubd88\ud654\uc758 \uc5f0\uad6c. Daejeon: Munhwajaecheong, 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 595\u2013596, 609, fig. 6.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 250", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shin, Kwanghee \uc2e0\uad11\ud76c. <em>Hanguk ui nahando</em> \ud55c\uad6d\uc758 \ub098\ud55c\ub3c4 [Arhat Paintings in Korea]. Seoul: Hanguk Misul Yeonguso, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82, fig. 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shin, Kwang Hee. \"A Sixteenth-Century Arhat Painting Commissioned by Queen Munjeong: Deoksewi, 153rd of the 500 Arhats, in the Collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.\" <em>Journal of Korean Art and Archaeology</em>, no. 9 (2015): 93-108.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo: The Glory of Korea </em>[\ub300\uace0\ub824, \uadf8 \ucc2c\ub780\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"The Past and Present of the Korean Collection in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 22-37. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 30, fig. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 154-157, no. 102", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.71", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_web.jpg", "width": "396", "height": "900", "filesize": "135051", "filename": "1979.71_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_print.jpg", "width": "1496", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1709486", "filename": "1979.71_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_full.tif", "width": "2781", "height": "6322", "filesize": "52773860", "filename": "1979.71_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "393", "height": "893", "filesize": "282822"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1496", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4323349"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2781", "height": "6322", "filesize": "52773860"}, "date_created": "2009-04-03T13:21:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "396", "height": "900", "filesize": "135051"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1496", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1709486"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2781", "height": "6322", "filesize": "52773860"}, "date_created": "2009-04-03T13:21:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "893", "filesize": "512971"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2632", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7496389"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3802", "height": "4912", "filesize": "56057840"}, "date_created": "2009-04-03T13:38:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "697", "height": "900", "filesize": "229785"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2632", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2963257"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3802", "height": "4912", "filesize": "56057840"}, "date_created": "2009-04-03T13:38:36", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "456", "height": "893", "filesize": "373801"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1735", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5452194"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3240", "height": "6349", "filesize": "61742632"}, "date_created": "2009-04-03T13:41:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "459", "height": "900", "filesize": "197263"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "1735", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2334816"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3240", "height": "6349", "filesize": "61742632"}, "date_created": "2009-04-03T13:41:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "681", "height": "893", "filesize": "529409"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "2014", "filesize": "2791683"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.71/1979.71_alt6_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "2014", "filesize": "9283916"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149683, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-11-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1235, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1235", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Arhat (Nahan)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.597000"}, {"id": 125175, "accession_number": "1947.15", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Animal-Headed Figure Pendant, 1\u2013800 CE. Colombia, Quimbaya or Yotoco style. Cast gold; overall: 5.5 x 3.9 x 1.9 cm (2 3/16 x 1 9/16 x 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, In memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Humphreys, gift of their daughter Helen, 1947.15", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Animal-Headed Figure Pendant", "creation_date": "1\u2013800 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Colombia, Quimbaya or Yotoco style"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 5.5 x 3.9 x 1.9 cm (2 3/16 x 1 9/16 x 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.055, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.039, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.019, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 357417, "title": "Shamanism", "description": "<i>Shamanism</i>. Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, Santiago, Chile (organizer) (December 1, 2022-June 30, 2023) https://museo.precolombino.cl/2022/12/12/chamanismo-visiones-fuera-del-tiempo-la-nueva-exposicion-del-museo-chileno-de-arte-precolombino/.", "opening_date": "2022-12-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Dallas, TX:Neiman-Marcus Co.; October 19-31, 1959. \"South American Fortnight.\" cat. no. 24.", "opening_date": "1931-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23-April 3, 1966.  \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John Wise, Ltd.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(John Wise, Ltd.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The same creature, with a human body but the head of an animal, appears in both pendants. It holds batons to its mouth, and whiskers or ears flare from the sides of the head. The headdress domes are mystifying; they have been described as mushrooms or gourds, among other things.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60745674"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.15-animal-headed-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Exhibition of Gold.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 9 (November 1947): 211-212.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 211-212; Reproduced: p. 234", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141408"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"New Accessions in Pre-Columbian Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>35, no. 8 (October 1948): 190-192.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 191; Illustrated: p. 196", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141498"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.15", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.15/1947.15_web.jpg", "width": "889", "height": "893", "filesize": "396113", "filename": "1947.15_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.15/1947.15_print.jpg", "width": "2077", "height": "2087", "filesize": "836814", "filename": "1947.15_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.15/1947.15_full.tif", "width": "2077", "height": "2087", "filesize": "13043908", "filename": "1947.15_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.15/1947.15_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "850", "height": "893", "filesize": "358614"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.15/1947.15_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3235", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5495374"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.15/1947.15_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2101", "height": "2208", "filesize": "13951228"}, "date_created": "2011-11-08T19:00:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.15/1947.15_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "706", "height": "893", "filesize": "327753"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.15/1947.15_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1943", "filesize": "1623559"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.15/1947.15_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1943", "filesize": "8956636"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "In memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Humphreys, gift of their daughter Helen", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jon A. Lindseth and Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Galleries of the Ancient Americas", "athena_id": 125175, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1\u2013800 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:27:45.803000"}, {"id": 146727, "accession_number": "1972.17.2", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Egyptian Family (Sketch for \"The Battle of the Pyramids\"), c. 1835. Antoine-Jean Gros (French, 1771\u20131835). Oil on linen; framed: 377.2 x 154.9 x 12.7 cm (148 1/2 x 61 x 5 in.); unframed: 353.1 x 132.1 cm (139 x 52 in.); former: 306.8 x 131.5 cm (120 13/16 x 51 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1972.17.2", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "Egyptian Family (Sketch for \"The Battle of the Pyramids\")", "creation_date": "c. 1835", "creation_date_earliest": 1830, "creation_date_latest": 1840, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on linen", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 377.2 x 154.9 x 12.7 cm (148 1/2 x 61 x 5 in.); Unframed: 353.1 x 132.1 cm (139 x 52 in.); Former: 306.8 x 131.5 cm (120 13/16 x 51 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 3.772, "height_inch": 148, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.549, "width_inch": 61, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.127, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 3.531, "height_inch": 139, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.321, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "former": {"height": 3.068, "height_inch": 120, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 1.315, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Gros's studio, Paris, 14, rue de l'Ancienne-Com\u00e9die. (mid-July 1835, according to Tripier le Franc 1880, 632).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Colmar, Mus\u00e9e d'Unterlinden. (1920-55). Long-term loan.", "opening_date": "1920-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Petit Palais. Gros, ses amis, ses \u00e9l\u00e8ves (1936), no. 57.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co.; Minneapolis Institute of Arts; cma. Baron Antoine-Jean Gros (1771-1835), Painter of Battles, the First Romantic Painter (1955-56), no. 2, pls. 2a-b, private collection, Paris.", "opening_date": "1955-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "J.-B. Delestre, Paris. His sale, Drouot, 13-14 October 1871 (lot 1), Les deux esquisses pour les pendentifs de droite et de gauche, surajout\u00e9s au tableau de la Bataille des Pyramides, ff 500 to M. Couvreur (perhaps sold to J. Arnous de Rivi\u00e8re, directeur de Revue illustr\u00e9e, bought for ff 700 at Delestre sale, through 1880; Tripier le Franc 1880, 500). Gustave Rothan, Ch\u00e2teau de Luttenbach, (near Munster, Alsace). By descent after his death in 1890 to his daughter, Christa Anna Maria Rothan (in 1895, Baronne Pierre de Coubertin) until after 1917, Lausanne. By 1955, Jacques Seligmann & Co, New York, 1955. Purchased by the CMA in 1972.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["111.71", "1972.18"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "In 1810, Gros exhibited a massive painting of Napoleon at the 1798 Battle of the Pyramids, one of the rare French triumphs in the failed campaign to conquer Egypt (1789-1801). After Napoleon first fell from power in 1814, the painting went into storage, until the new king Louis-Philippe chose to resurrect it for a history museum in Paris. However, perhaps to diminish Napoleon's significance, the government asked Gros to amplify the original with an addition at each end. This painting incorporates General Kl\u00e9ber, a famously successful military leader who had been excluded from the original painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472199"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.17.2-egyptian-family-sket"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 202", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n222"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 329-335, Vol. I, no. 115", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.17.2", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_web.jpg", "width": "326", "height": "893", "filesize": "208712", "filename": "1972.17.2_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_print.jpg", "width": "1242", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3032637", "filename": "1972.17.2_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_full.tif", "width": "2155", "height": "5897", "filesize": "38156924", "filename": "1972.17.2_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "390", "height": "893", "filesize": "248989"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1484", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3586311"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2865", "height": "6565", "filesize": "56458596"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T18:19:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "335", "height": "893", "filesize": "249859"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "768", "height": "2048", "filesize": "1302098"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_alt1_full.tif", "width": "768", "height": "2048", "filesize": "4720412"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "893", "filesize": "511273"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "2033", "filesize": "2767972"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.17.2/1972.17.2_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "2033", "filesize": "9371500"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 146727, "creators": [{"id": 1706, "description": "Antoine-Jean Gros (French, 1771\u20131835)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Antoine-Jean Gros's parents, who were both miniaturists, taught their son painting at an early age. He also pursued his education with Elisabeth-Louise Vig\u00e9e Le Brun (1755-1842), David (q.v.), whose studio he entered in 1785, and at the Acad\u00e9mie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture two years later. Discouraged by his unsuccessful attempt for the Prix de Rome in 1792 and following his father's death, he ended his studies and supported himself by portrait painting. David helped him secure a passport and Gros left for Italy in 1793. In Genoa he met Jos\u00e9phine de Beauharnais, who later introduced him to Napoleon Bonaparte in Milan. There Gros made a study of him for his painting Bonaparte on the Bridge at Arcole, 17 November 1796 (1796, Mus\u00e9e du Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles; Salon 1801). This work established his reputation, and he was given a position on the committee responsible for removing artwork from Italy for the Louvre. When Napoleon left for Egypt, Genoa came under Austrian control and Gros was forced to stay for two months during the siege. After the city was evacuated, Gros returned to Paris in 1800 and continued to receive commissions from Bonaparte to paint contemporary military victories. He also painted portraits of members of the military and high society. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, he was made portrait painter to Louis XVIII. Within two years he was appointed professor at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, replacing the exiled David. In almost two decades as a teacher, Gros had hundreds of pupils, and thus was, besides David, one of the most influential artists of his time. While continuing to paint scenes from contemporary history, he also attempted to make mythological and allegorical compositions, but these works received little critical acclaim. Gros was awarded the title of baron by Charles X and asked to paint several ceilings in the galleries at the Louvre. His work, however, began to be perceived as outmoded, and his criticism of Ingres's influence within the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts added to his unpopularity. When his final effort for a classical comeback at the Salon of 1835 was heavily criticized, Gros drowned himself in the Seine.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1771", "death_year": "1835", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-05-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1830, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1835", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1972.17", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Lateral panel for the \"Bataille des Pyramides\": Native Family"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:31:02.152000"}, {"id": 148861, "accession_number": "1976.97.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Colonnade of St. Peter's, Rome, during the Conclave, c.1769. Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808). Oil on canvas; framed: 56 x 47.5 x 6 cm (22 1/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 42.6 x 33.4 cm (16 3/4 x 13 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1976.97.1", "current_location": "202 French Neoclassical Decorative Arts", "title": "The Colonnade of St. Peter's, Rome, during the Conclave", "creation_date": "c.1769", "creation_date_earliest": 1764, "creation_date_latest": 1774, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 56 x 47.5 x 6 cm (22 1/16 x 18 11/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 42.6 x 33.4 cm (16 3/4 x 13 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.56, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.475, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.426, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.334, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "back of the original canvas : Mr de/Lafert\u00e9", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Salon of 1769, nos. 95 and 96.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie Charpentier, June 1922: \"Hubert Robert et Louis Moreau,\" cat. nos. 31 and 32.", "opening_date": "1922-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Galerie Cailleux, 1975: \"Eloge del'ovale,\" cat. nos. 26 and 27, repr.", "opening_date": "1975-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, February 1977: \"Year in Review,\" cat., Bull., LXIV (Feb. 1977), p. 49, nos. 41 and 42, illus.", "opening_date": "1977-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Denis-Pierre Papillon de la Ferte", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Marius Paulme (sold, Paris, Galerie Georges Petit, November 22, 1923, lots 76 and 77, to Henri Boudonneau)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1923 - 1949  Henri Boudonneau (Paris, France), by inheritance to his son, Rene Boudonneau, 1949", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1949 - 1961  Rene Boudonneau, by inheritance to his wife, Mme S. A. Boudonneau, 1961", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1961 - 1974  Mme S. A. Boudonneau (Geneva, Switzerland) (sold, Christie's, London, December 13, 1974, lot 146, to Gallerie Cailleux", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "1974 - 1976  Gallery Cailleux (Paris, France) sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1976.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1976.97"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Hubert Robert studied and worked in Italy from 1754\u201365. Upon returning to Paris, he entered the Royal Academy as an architectural painter and full member in 1766. His time in Italy would prove to be influential and classical architectural subjects would dominate his subsequent oeuvre. <em>Interior of the Colonnade of St. Peter's</em> is based on a drawing dated 1758, the same year that Pope Clement XIII Rezzonico was elected. Given his interest in classical subjects, Robert has antiquated his subject by aging the condition of the columns and including a soldier dressed in ancient Roman armor. Similarly, Robert imaginatively portrays the Grotto of Posillipo. Measuring over 2000 feet in length, this tunnel was carved from the volcanic rock by ancient Romans to connect Naples with Pozzuoli. While this passageway was improved by repaving and reinforcing the arches during the reign of Charles III of Naples (1734\u201359), this structure was never the grand tunnel Robert depicts with coffered vaults and engaged columns.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19603220"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 53A, p. 128 - 131", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n207"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1976.97.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97.1/1976.97.1_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "893", "filesize": "328916", "filename": "1976.97.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97.1/1976.97.1_print.jpg", "width": "2764", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4405109", "filename": "1976.97.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1976.97.1/1976.97.1_full.tif", "width": "4852", "height": "5969", "filesize": "86921828", "filename": "1976.97.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "M. Roger and Anne Clapp Gallery", "athena_id": 148861, "creators": [{"id": 1955, "description": "Hubert Robert (French, 1733\u20131808)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1733", "death_year": "1808", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1976-10-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1764, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1769", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1976.97", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:38:49.123000"}, {"id": 124115, "accession_number": "1945.114", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Two Bohemian Peasants in Half-Length, c. 1600. Roelant Savery (Flemish, 1576\u20131639). Pen and light- and dark-brown inks over preliminary drawing in black chalk; framing lines in pen and brown ink; sheet: 15.1 x 18.8 cm (5 15/16 x 7 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1945.114", "current_location": null, "title": "Two Bohemian Peasants in Half-Length", "creation_date": "c. 1600", "creation_date_earliest": 1595, "creation_date_latest": 1605, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "Pen and light- and dark-brown inks over preliminary drawing in black chalk; framing lines in pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Flemish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 15.1 x 18.8 cm (5 15/16 x 7 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.151, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.188, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "by artist, upper left, in brown ink: omberne / hoet ; by artist, upper right, in brown ink: gr[y?]sse hoed [=gray hat]; by artist, upper center, in black chalk: [illegible] ; by artist, upper center, in black chalk: [illegible] ; by artist, left center, in brown ink: [br\u00fainockker?] rock [=brown-ochre mantel]; by artist, center, in brown ink: zwartter rock [=black mantel]; by artist, lower left, in brown ink: [nart?] het leuen [=taken from life]; VERSO, lower left, in blue pencil: WCA805 / WCA803", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518658, "title": "Prints and Drawings by Pieter Bruegel", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings by Pieter Bruegel</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (March 23-May 7, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310280, "title": "Netherlandish Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Netherlandish Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 10-December 31, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 440585, "title": "Tales of the City: Drawing in the Netherlands from Bosch to Bruegel", "description": "<i>Tales of the City: Drawing in the Netherlands from Bosch to Bruegel</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 9, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-10-09T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Oscar Huldschinsky, Berlin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1931", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "his sale, Paul Graupe, Berlin, November 3, 1931, no. 23", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Karl Rudolf (?), Berlin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 1931-?", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "David Birnbaum, New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "with Knoedler & Co., New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1945-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "These three drawings, which depict seated peasants at a market in the city and a team of horses led by a herder on horseback, are part of a group of approximately 80 observational drawings by Savery. His farmers, market vendors, and other everyday people are never posed and rarely glance at the viewer. Savery marked each drawing with detailed instructions regarding the colors to be used later and the words <em>naer het leven</em> (from the life). The works were made in Prague when Savery was employed at the court of the great patron and art collector Emperor Rudolf II, demonstrating that interest in peasant life extended even to the highest echelons of society.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79901774"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.114-two-bohemian-peasant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"A Drawing by Pieter Bruegel the Elder.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>33, no. 4 (April 1946): 44-46.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44; Mentioned: p. 45", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141272"}, {"citation": "De Tolnay, Charles. <em>The Drawings of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, With a Critical Catalogue. </em>London: A. Zwemmer, 1952.", "page_number": "84, no. 112 (as Bruegel)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 585", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n109"}, {"citation": "Mu\u0308nz, Ludwig, and Luke Herrmann. <em>Bruegel: the drawings.</em> London: Phaidon, 1961.", "page_number": "223-224, no. 120 (as Bruegel)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n129"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n129"}, {"citation": "Spicer, Joaneath Ann, \u201cThe \u2018Naer Het Leven\u2019 Drawings: By Pieter Bruegel or Roelandt Savery?\u201d Master Drawings Vol. 8, No. 1 (Spring, 1970): pp. 3-30, 63-82.", "page_number": "pp. 6, 15, 25; pl. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kuznet\ufe20s\ufe21ov, I\ufe20U\ufe21, and T. A. T\ufe20S\ufe21eshkovskai\ufe20a\ufe21.<em> Dessins flamands et hollandais du dix-septie\u0300me sie\u0300cle. Collections de l'Ermitage, Leningrad et du Muse\u0301e Pouchkine, Moscou. </em>Exh. cat. Bruxelles: Bibliothe\u0300que royale Albert Ier, boulevard de l'Empereur, 3, 1972.", "page_number": "216-17 (as Bruegel)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 122", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n142"}, {"citation": "Spicer-Durham, Joaneath Ann. <em>The Drawings of Roelandt Savery.\" </em>PhD diss, Yale University, 1979.", "page_number": "no. C 208", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Liess, Reinhard. \"Die Kleinen Landschaften Pieter Bruegels D.A. Im Lichte Seines Gesamtwerks: 2. Teil.\" <em>Kunsthistorisches Jahrbuch Graz / Institute Fur Kunstgeschichte </em>17 (1981): 35-150.", "page_number": "37-38, 47, 70, 87, 96-97, 103-05, 110 (as Bruegel)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kaufmann, Thomas DaCosta. <em>Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire, 1540-1680: A Selection from North American Collections.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Art Museum, Princeton University in association with Princeton University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "168-169, no. 62", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L., and Edward J. Olszewski. <em>Drawings in Midwestern Collections: A Corpus</em>. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996.", "page_number": "61-63, no. 38", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Peters, Emily J., Laura Ritter, William Griswold, Klaus Albrecht Schro\u0308der, and Koenraad Jonckheere. Tales of the City: Drawing in the Netherlands from Bosch to Bruegel. Cleveland, OH : Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 203, no. 59", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.114", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.114/1945.114_web.jpg", "width": "1096", "height": "893", "filesize": "740793", "filename": "1945.114_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.114/1945.114_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2770", "filesize": "8071295", "filename": "1945.114_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.114/1945.114_full.tif", "width": "5901", "height": "4809", "filesize": "85161444", "filename": "1945.114_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124115, "creators": [{"id": 12953, "description": "Roelant Savery (Flemish, 1576\u20131639)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1576", "death_year": "1639", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1945-06-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1595, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1600", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Two Peasants in Half-Figure"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:54.693000"}, {"id": 101378, "accession_number": "1920.1991", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vulture Headdress Inlay, 100\u20131 BCE. Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305\u201330 BCE). Gold and semi-precious stones; overall: 3 x 2.8 cm (1 3/16 x 1 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1920.1991", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Vulture Headdress Inlay", "creation_date": "100\u20131 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -100, "creation_date_latest": -1, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305\u201330 BCE)"], "technique": "gold and semi-precious stones", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Ptolemaic Dynasty", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Overall: 3 x 2.8 cm (1 3/16 x 1 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.03, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.028, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 441907, "title": "Howard Carter: Before the Discovery of Tutankhamun's Tomb", "description": "<i>Howard Carter: Before the Discovery of Tutankhamun's Tomb</i>. The British Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 13, 1992-May 31, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 227047, "title": "Queens of Egypt", "description": "<i>Queens of Egypt</i>. Grimaldi Forum - Monaco, MC 98001 Monaco cedex (organizer) (July 12-September 10, 2008).", "opening_date": "2008-07-12T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Howard Carter: Before Tutankhamun, </em>The British Museum, London, England, (November, 18, 1992-May 31, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-05-31T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Said to be from the \"Treasure of Dendara.\"", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Ralph H. Blanchard, Cairo, Egypt, through Howard Carter, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1920", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["3937.20"], "did_you_know": "When creating this headdress, artisans used numerous semiprecious stones with inset partitions to keep them separate. To ensure that the stones would stay in place, a resin-like material was used as an adhesive.", "description": "The vulture headdress was worn by goddesses and queens. This inlay in the form of a vulture headdress has more than 100 stones: lapis lazuli (dark blue), turquoise (light blue), petrified wood (red), and an unidentified white stone painstakingly cut to shape and separated by thin plates of gold. Body, wing, and tail feathers are carefully distinguished in minute detail.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747379"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.1991-vulture-headdress-in"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>The Illustrated London News</em> (3 November 1928)", "page_number": "p. 825", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bates, Kenneth F. <em>The Enamelist.</em> Cleveland and New York: World Pub. Co, 1967.", "page_number": "p. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"Three Minor Masterpieces of Egyptian Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 1 (1975)", "page_number": "pp. 11-14, figs. 1-3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152570"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Arielle P. Kozloff. <em>An Introduction to the Art of Egypt in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]: [Verlag nicht ermittelbar], 1983.", "page_number": "p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum, and Getty Conservation Institute. In the <em>Tomb of Nefertari: Conservation of the Wall Paintings</em>. [Malibu, Calif.]: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 59, fig. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reeves, Nicholas, and John H. Taylor. <em>Howard Carter: Before Tutankhamun</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1993.", "page_number": "cat. p. 176", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M. \u201cLa Collection Egyptienne du Cleveland Museum of Art,\u201d <em>Bulletin de la Societe francaise d\u2019egyptologie</em>.(October 1995): 14-29.", "page_number": "p. 19, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 495; Mentioned: p. 495-6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ziegler, Christiane. <em>Queens of Egypt: From Hetepheres to Cleopatra</em>. Monaco: Grimaldi Forum, 2008.", "page_number": "cat. no. 137, p. 311", "url": null}, {"citation": "James, T. G. H.<em> Howard Carter and the Cleveland Museum of Art. Object Lessons, </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 69", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1920.1991", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1991/1920.1991_web.jpg", "width": "935", "height": "893", "filesize": "515459", "filename": "1920.1991_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1991/1920.1991_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3248", "filesize": "5228375", "filename": "1920.1991_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1991/1920.1991_full.tif", "width": "4195", "height": "4007", "filesize": "50460804", "filename": "1920.1991_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1991/1920.1991_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "853", "height": "893", "filesize": "500178"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1991/1920.1991_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3248", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5647410"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1991/1920.1991_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4024", "height": "4212", "filesize": "50879472"}, "date_created": "2007-04-23T14:52:32", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 101378, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1920-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "100\u20131 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:29:02.155000"}, {"id": 125700, "accession_number": "1947.60", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Bottle Coolers (seaux \u00e0 rafra\u00eechir), c. 1740. Villeroy Factory, Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French). Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration; overall: 15.7 x 21.9 x 18.8 cm (6 3/16 x 8 5/8 x 7 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1947.60", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Pair of Bottle Coolers (seaux \u00e0 rafra\u00eechir)", "creation_date": "c. 1740", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Villeroy, 18th century"], "technique": "Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 15.7 x 21.9 x 18.8 cm (6 3/16 x 8 5/8 x 7 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.157, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.219, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.188, "depth_inch": 7, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 515973, "title": "Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West", "description": "<i>Cathay Invoked: Chinoiserie, A Celestial Empire in the West</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (June 10-July 31, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-06-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442812, "title": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence", "description": "<i>Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence</i>. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (October 5-December 2, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-10-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The four figures on horseback are derived from prints French designer Jean Antoine Fraisse modeled after textiles, lacquers, and porcelains found in the collection of Louis-Henri, duke of Bourbon.", "description": "These bottle coolers combine a traditionally European form based on silver models with designs and compositions that emulate Chinese and Japanese porcelain. Towering over the figures the luxuriant, vividly colored vegetation is characteristic of chinoiserie, imitations of East Asian decoration and design common in 18th-century European decorative arts. Distorted by the European imagination, these imitations were not accurate representations of the cultures from which they drew inspiration.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779776"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.60-pair-of-bottle-coole"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Darblay, Ayme. <em>Villeroy: son passe\u0301, sa fabrique de porcelaine, son e\u0301tat actuel</em>. Paris: Picard, 1901.", "page_number": "p. 88, pl. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"French Soft-Paste Porcelain.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 34 (December 1947): 249-250.", "page_number": "p. 250", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Soft-Paste Porcelain in France.\" <em>Art Quarterly </em>XI (Autumn 1948)", "page_number": "p. 340, 344; figs. 11, 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n158"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. <em>Europa\u0308isches Porzellan</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 256; no. 786", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n196"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. T<em>he World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p, 59; Reproduced: p. 59, fig. 61 and colorplate 61 after p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duchon, Nicole.<em> La Manufacture de porcelaine de Mennecy Villeroy</em>. Le Me\u0301e-sur-Seine: Editions Amatteis, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 108", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.60", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.60/1947.60_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "752", "filesize": "85601", "filename": "1947.60_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.60/1947.60_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2025", "filesize": "488190", "filename": "1947.60_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.60/1947.60_full.tif", "width": "7796", "height": "4644", "filesize": "108635860", "filename": "1947.60_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.60/1947.60_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "795", "filesize": "98002"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.60/1947.60_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2140", "filesize": "539608"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.60/1947.60_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7568", "height": "4764", "filesize": "108183852"}, "date_created": "2012-10-22T19:21:48", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 125700, "creators": [{"id": 452186, "description": "Villeroy Factory", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11614, "description": "Mennecy- Villeroy Factory (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Duc de Villeroy was the sponsor of this factory. Established c. 1749", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-04-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1740", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cachepot"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:29:58.885000"}, {"id": 128299, "accession_number": "1951.288", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait Bust of a Girl, c. 250\u201375 CE. Italy, Roman. Marble; overall: 52.1 cm (20 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1951.288", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Portrait Bust of a Girl", "creation_date": "c. 250\u201375 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 250, "creation_date_latest": 275, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 52.1 cm (20 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.521, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 443597, "title": "Antiquity in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Antiquity in the Renaissance</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (April 6-June 6, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-04-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 205351, "title": "I Claudia, Women in Ancient Rome", "description": "<i>I Claudia, Women in Ancient Rome</i>. Yale University Art Gallery (organizer) (September 6-December 1, 1996); San Antonio Museum of Art (December 20, 1996-March 2, 1997); North Carolina Museum of Art (April 6-June 15, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-09-06T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Count Raffaele de Sarzana, Rome", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This portrait of a young girl was thought for many years to represent a boy.", "description": "This portrait bust depicts a young child, perhaps three or four years old, with soft, fleshy cheeks and delicate features. The neck is slight, the skull relatively large and round, with closely cropped hair indicated by fine incisions. Although this hairstyle may appear masculine today, the child wears a high-belted <em>chiton</em>, a long garment usually worn by women and girls. Together with the rope running diagonally across the chest, this suggests a female funerary portrait, perhaps showing the deceased in the guise of the huntress Diana.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757244"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.288-portrait-bust-of-a-g"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wunderlich, Silvia A. \"A Roman Portrait Bust of a Child.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>38, no. 9 (1951): 219-23.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141743"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 41", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n22"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 15; Reproduced: plate 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n17/"}, {"citation": "Sheard, Wendy Stedman, and Phyllis Williams Lehmann. <em>Antiquity in the Renaissance. </em>Northampton, Mass: Smith College Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Cat. 67.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wood, Susan. \"An Enigmatic Roman Portrait.\" The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 68, no. 8 (1981): 286-302.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159739"}, {"citation": "Fittschen, K. \"M\u00e4dchen, nicht Knaben: Zwei Kinderb\u00fcsten in Cleveland und Wellesley,\" <em>Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archaeologischen Instituts Roemische Abteilung</em>, Band 99 (1992), 301-305, Taf. 80-86.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kleiner, Diana E. E., and Susan B. Matheson. <em>I, Claudia: Women in Ancient Rome.</em> New Haven, Conn: Yale University Art Gallery, 1996.", "page_number": "P. 198, cat. 148.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Backe-Dahmen, Annika. <em>Innocentissima aetas: ro\u0308mische Kindheit im Spiegel literarischer, rechtlicher und archa\u0308ologischer Quellen des 1. bis 4. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. </em>Mainz am Rhein: Von Zabern, 2006.", "page_number": "P. 201, F102, Taf. 91.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stephanidou-Tiveriou, Theodosia. <em>Die lokalen Sarkophage aus Thessaloniki.</em> Ruhpolding : Verlag Franz Philipp Rutzen; [Wiesbaden]: In Kommission bei Harrassowitz, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 80, 291", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sa\u0301nchez Galera, Jose\u0301 Mari\u0301a, and Gregorio Luri Medrano. La edad de las nueces: los nin\u0303os en el Imperio Romano. Madrid : Ediciones Encuentro S.A., 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 31; reproduced: p. 29, fig. 1", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.288", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_web.jpg", "width": "631", "height": "893", "filesize": "252334", "filename": "1951.288_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_print.jpg", "width": "2403", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3646850", "filename": "1951.288_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_full.tif", "width": "4015", "height": "5680", "filesize": "68445452", "filename": "1951.288_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "635", "height": "893", "filesize": "238310"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2417", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3692670"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4072", "height": "5729", "filesize": "70014952"}, "date_created": "2009-03-17T13:27:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "613", "height": "893", "filesize": "245493"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2335", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3657445"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3864", "height": "5627", "filesize": "65257764"}, "date_created": "2009-03-17T14:11:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "677", "height": "893", "filesize": "283291"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2577", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4333963"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4171", "height": "5504", "filesize": "68901568"}, "date_created": "2009-03-17T14:22:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "893", "filesize": "253537"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2363", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3569246"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.288/1951.288_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3836", "height": "5519", "filesize": "63542828"}, "date_created": "2009-03-17T13:58:36", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 128299, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-07-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 250, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 250\u201375 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait Bust of a Boy"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:37:19.900000"}, {"id": 129492, "accession_number": "1952.227", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Book of Hours (Use of Rouen), c. 1470. Master of the Geneva Latini (French, active Rouen, 1460\u201380). Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; codex: 19.5 x 13.1 cm (7 11/16 x 5 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Feiss family in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Paul L. Feiss, 1952.227", "current_location": "113 French Tapestries & Illuminated Manuscripts", "title": "Book of Hours (Use of Rouen)", "creation_date": "c. 1470", "creation_date_earliest": 1465, "creation_date_latest": 1475, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Rouen"], "technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on vellum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Manuscript Illuminations", "type": "Bound Volume", "measurements": "Codex: 19.5 x 13.1 cm (7 11/16 x 5 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"codex": {"height": 0.195, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.131, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 358608, "title": "Mirror of the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Mirror of the Middle Ages</i>. Tweed Museum of Art University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN (organizer) (March 28-April 30, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-03-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 196935, "title": "The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 2010-April 17, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-11-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 449397, "title": "The Medieval Top Seller: The Book of Hours", "description": "<i>The Medieval Top Seller: The Book of Hours</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26, 2022-July 30, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-08-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "William Loring Andrews (1837-1920), New York, NY, to Paul Louis Feiss, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Paul Louis Feiss (1875-1952), Cleveland, Oh to Carl. L. Feiss, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1952", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Carl L. Feiss (1907-1997), gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Books of hours were often produced as luxury objects in order to reflect the owner\u2019s status, wealth, and taste.", "description": "In the late 1400s and early 1500s, Rouen, France, was an established and important center of book production. The city\u2019s cathedral had a wealthy chapter that spent large sums of money to commission books and to maintain its extensive library. The stationers (sellers of writing supplies) and booksellers would have likely been concentrated in or near the cathedral precinct. This artist, named after a manuscript now in Geneva, Switzerland, was Rouen\u2019s principal illuminator during the second half of the 1400s. The structure and artistic design are typical for manuscripts of the time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757756"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.227-book-of-hours-use-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ritter, Georges, and Jean Lafond. Manuscrits a\u0300 peintures de l'e\u0301cole de Rouen: livres d'heures normands. Rouen: A. Lestringant, 1913.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Leroquais, V. Les bre\u0301viaires manuscrits des bibliothe\u0300ques publiques de France. Paris: [Macon, Protat fre\u0300res, imprimeurs], 1934.", "page_number": "p. 130", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ricci, Seymour de, William Jerome Wilson, Anne M. Nill, and W. H. Bond. Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada. 1935.", "page_number": "p. 1949", "url": null}, {"citation": "R.A.K. \u201cA Rouen Book of Hours.\u201d <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University </em>XI (1952)", "page_number": "pp. 10-15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Front Matter. (1957). <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art,</em> <em>44</em>(6)", "page_number": "p. 129", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142221"}, {"citation": "Delaisse\u0301, L. M. J., James H. Marrow, and John De Wit. Illuminated Manuscripts. [Fribourg]: Office du Livre, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 247-264", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stones, Alison, and John William Steyaert. Medieval Illumination, Glass, and Sculpture in Minnesota Collections: Catalogue. Minneapolis: University Gallery, University of Minnesota, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Plummer, John, and Gregory T. Clark. The Last Flowering: French Painting in Manuscripts, 1420-1530 : from American Collections. New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1982.", "page_number": "p.66-67, nos.88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rabel, Claudia. \u201cArtists et clientele a la fin du Moyen Age: Les manuscrits profanes de Maitre de l'echevinage de Rouen.\" <em>Revue de L'Art </em>84 (1989)", "page_number": "pp. 48-60", "url": null}, {"citation": "De Hamel, Christopher. A History of Illuminated Manuscripts. 1994.", "page_number": "p. 185", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.227", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.227/1952.227_web.jpg", "width": "806", "height": "900", "filesize": "331572", "filename": "1952.227_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.227/1952.227_print.jpg", "width": "3044", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3451162", "filename": "1952.227_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.227/1952.227_full.tif", "width": "7772", "height": "8681", "filesize": "202434269", "filename": "1952.227_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.227/1952.227_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "586", "height": "900", "filesize": "407569"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.227/1952.227_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2215", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3336188"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.227/1952.227_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3440", "height": "5280", "filesize": "54526284"}, "date_created": "2008-03-17T14:31:27", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Feiss family in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Paul L. Feiss", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 129492, "creators": [{"id": 7758, "description": "Master of the Geneva Latini (French, active Rouen, 1460\u201380)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "death_year": "1480", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-06-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1465, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1470", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:40:48.170000"}, {"id": 151352, "accession_number": "1983.196", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Caryatid Mirror, c. 1540\u20131296 BCE. Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18. Bronze with black copper inlay?; overall: 38.9 x 20 cm (15 5/16 x 7 7/8 in.); figure: 16.7 x 4 cm (6 9/16 x 1 9/16 in.); disk: 16.6 cm (6 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1983.196", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Caryatid Mirror", "creation_date": "c. 1540\u20131296 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1540, "creation_date_latest": -1296, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, New Kingdom (1540\u20131069 BCE), Dynasty 18"], "technique": "bronze with black copper inlay?", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - New Kingdom", "type": "Cosmetic Objects", "measurements": "Overall: 38.9 x 20 cm (15 5/16 x 7 7/8 in.); Figure: 16.7 x 4 cm (6 9/16 x 1 9/16 in.); Disk: 16.6 cm (6 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.389, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.2, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "figure": {"height": 0.167, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.04, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "disk": {"height": 0.166, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1983</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309838, "title": "Mirrors: Art and Symbol", "description": "<i>Mirrors: Art and Symbol</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 3-November 18, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-07-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>In the Tomb of Nefertari: Conservation of the Wall Paintings. </em>The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, CA (12 November 1992-21 February 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-11-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Claude Anet/Jean Schopfer (1868-1931), Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1983-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When they were made, this mirror was polished to a brilliant shine; the marvelous colored patina it has since acquired is the result of being buried for years in the ground.", "description": "This superb mirror has an oval disk and a handle in the form of a nubile young girl, entirely naked except for her elaborately braided tripartite wig, broad collar, and a girdle of wallet beads. She stands on a cruciform base, with her left foot slightly advanced and her hands at her sides. On her head and supporting the disk is a papyrus umbel with flaring tips. Mirrors with handles in the form of naked young girls were the height of fashion in mid-Dynasty 18; numerous examples exist. This mirror is perhaps the finest of its kind. The cruciform base is unusual, if not unique. The iconography is understandable in relation to the goddess Hathor, the embodiment of love and beauty. A multifaceted goddess, she was equated with Aphrodite by the Greeks. The retinue of Hathor consisted precisely of such beauties, called <em>nefrut</em> in Egyptian, and the mirror itself, that reflection of beauty, appears to have had Hathorian connections from early times.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60777976"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.196-caryatid-mirror"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"Year in Review for 1983.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 2 (1984).", "page_number": "p. 45", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159848"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"Mirror, Mirror.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 8 (1984).", "page_number": "pp. 271-6, cover, figs. 3-4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159878"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: [p.16]", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum, and Getty Conservation Institute.<em> In the Tomb of Nefertari: Conservation of the Wall Paintings.</em> [Malibu, Calif.]: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1992.", "page_number": "No. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West. </em>New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Edward H. Merrin Gallery, Vicki Solia, and Linda Schildkraut. E<em>gypt at the Merrin Gallery.</em> New York: Merrin Gallery, 1992.", "page_number": "no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. <em>Egypt\u2019s Dazzling Sun: Amenhotep III and his world.</em> Cleveland : Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 84a, p. 358", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M. \" La Collection Egyptienne du Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Bulletin de la Socie\u0301te\u0301 franc\u0327aise d'e\u0301gyptologie </em>134 (October 1995).", "page_number": "p. 28, fig. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 301, Color p. 56; Mentioned: p. 301-302", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.196", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_web.jpg", "width": "540", "height": "893", "filesize": "265032", "filename": "1983.196_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_print.jpg", "width": "2055", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3519365", "filename": "1983.196_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_full.tif", "width": "3354", "height": "5549", "filesize": "55864260", "filename": "1983.196_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "580", "height": "893", "filesize": "274124"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2208", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3576910"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3620", "height": "5575", "filesize": "60575728"}, "date_created": "2005-11-03T15:01:00", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "231306"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3174466"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75527916"}, "date_created": "2005-11-03T15:10:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "221489"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2990811"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75527244"}, "date_created": "2005-11-03T15:20:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "191227"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2707221"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75527052"}, "date_created": "2005-11-03T15:31:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "258486"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3678281"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75528596"}, "date_created": "2005-11-03T15:45:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "595", "height": "893", "filesize": "256962"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3630271"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.196/1983.196_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "75527676"}, "date_created": "2005-11-03T15:58:56", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151352, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1540, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1540\u20131296 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mirror with Handle in the Form of a Nude Girl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:49:08.292000"}, {"id": 156281, "accession_number": "1992.118", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bronze Ritual Bell (\uccad\ub3d9 \ubc94\uc885 [\u9751\u9285\u68b5\u9418]), 1226. Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392). Cast bronze with incised inscription; diameter: 14 cm (5 1/2 in.); overall: 22.6 cm (8 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1992.118", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Bronze Ritual Bell", "title_in_original_language": "\uccad\ub3d9 \ubc94\uc885 [\u9751\u9285\u68b5\u9418]", "creation_date": "1226", "creation_date_earliest": 1223, "creation_date_latest": 1226, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392)"], "technique": "cast bronze with incised inscription", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Diameter: 14 cm (5 1/2 in.); Overall: 22.6 cm (8 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.14, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "overall": {"height": 0.226, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "height of bell yoke": {"height": 0.056, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "diameter of bell yoke": {"width": 0.06, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310314, "title": "Korean Art: Images from the Land of the Morning Calm", "description": "<i>Korean Art: Images from the Land of the Morning Calm</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 23, 1990-January 13, 1991).", "opening_date": "1990-10-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311552, "title": "Selected Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Selected Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 9-April 11, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-02-09T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Korean National Museum, Seoul, South Korea (July 1982-October 1984). (no. 1776.3-1149/2)", "opening_date": "1982-07-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Roger Chambard [1904\u20131982], Paris, France, to the Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, MD", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->French Ambassador to Republic of Korea, 1959-1969&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "?\u20131978", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, MD, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1978\u20131992", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Joseph P. Carroll, Ltd., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1992", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1992\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The inscription informs us that this miniature indoor bell was produced in 1226.", "description": "This miniature bell was once used as part of Buddhist indoor rituals. Likely suspended in a Buddhist temple, it features a cast dragon and a vertical tube to amplify the sound on top, and is decorated with Buddhist figures seated on lotuses. The echoing sound of the bell was thought to help Buddhist believers understand the significance of transience and impermanence; the sound instantly fades away as soon as one hears it. This sensory experience creates a striking conceptual parallel with Buddhist teachings, including the idea that all things and beings exist merely in our perception or imagination. An inscription indicates it was cast in the year of the dragon and took three years to make.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761459"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1992.118-bronze-ritual-bell"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1992.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 2 (February 1993): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.45, fig. 414; Mentioned: p. 78", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161388"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Michael R. Cunningham. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art; New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment, 918-1392</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 188, no. 56; p. 191, no. 57, Mentioned: p. 168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Choi, Eung-chon. \u201cMetal Arts in the Late Goryeo Period [\uace0\ub824\ud6c4\uae30\uc758 \uae08\uc18d\uacf5\uc608].\u201d <em>Kangjwa misulsa</em> (2004): 125-156.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09054886"}, {"citation": "Choi, Eung-chon. \u201cCraftsmen in Metal Arts in the Goryeo Dynasty [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \u91d1\u5c6c\u5de5\u85dd\uc758 \u5320\u4eba].\u201d <em>Misulsahak yeongu</em> (2004): 171-192.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00996932"}, {"citation": "Kim, Eunae. \"A Study of Repouss\u00e9 Works of Goryeo [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \ud0c0\ucd9c \uacf5\uc608 \uc5f0\uad6c].\" <em>Korean Journal of Art History </em>(March 2007): 31-72.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00997073"}, {"citation": "<em>The spirit of Goryeo in metalcrafts</em> [\uae08\uc18d\uacf5\uc608\uc5d0\uae43\ub4e0\uace0\ub824\uc778\uc758\uc0b6]. Seoul: Jeju National Museum and National Cheongju Museum, 2011.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Bronze in Life and Art</em> [\uc0b6\uacfc \uc608\uc220 \uc18d. \uccad\ub3d9 \u9751\u9285 \uc774\uc57c\uae30] National Cheongju Museum (2016).", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo: The Glory of Korea </em>[\ub300\uace0\ub824, \uadf8 \ucc2c\ub780\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 130\u2013131, no. 93", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1992.118", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "410033", "filename": "1992.118_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_print.jpg", "width": "2830", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6258512", "filename": "1992.118_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_full.tif", "width": "4114", "height": "4941", "filesize": "61011032", "filename": "1992.118_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "722", "height": "893", "filesize": "404767"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2748", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6145644"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4015", "height": "4967", "filesize": "59856592"}, "date_created": "2010-03-24T18:19:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "787", "height": "893", "filesize": "428518"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2997", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6681278"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4383", "height": "4971", "filesize": "65392976"}, "date_created": "2010-03-24T18:55:03", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "893", "filesize": "383327"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2644", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6005455"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4068", "height": "5231", "filesize": "63868000"}, "date_created": "2010-03-24T18:33:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1113", "height": "893", "filesize": "565661"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2728", "filesize": "5185563"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4150", "height": "3330", "filesize": "41488536"}, "date_created": "2010-03-24T19:21:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "928", "height": "893", "filesize": "468151"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3272", "filesize": "6164812"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1992.118/1992.118_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4756", "height": "4578", "filesize": "65348008"}, "date_created": "2010-03-24T19:31:20", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "b487349bf0ff4690adebb301edeaa179", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/b487349bf0ff4690adebb301edeaa179", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 156281, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1992-10-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1223, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1226", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:23.292000"}, {"id": 167456, "accession_number": "2009.269", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Rock at Sea, 1920\u20131922. Raymond Jonson (American, 1891\u20131982). Oil on canvas; unframed: 88.9 x 104.2 cm (35 x 41 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2009.269", "current_location": "226A American Modern", "title": "Rock at Sea", "creation_date": "1920\u20131922", "creation_date_earliest": 1920, "creation_date_latest": 1922, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 88.9 x 104.2 cm (35 x 41 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.889, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.042, "width_inch": 41, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right inscribed into wet paint: Raymond Jonson 19 (CJ) 22; (written on the reverse of the backing board): Raymond Jonson, Rock at Sea 1922, Ogunguit, Maine; Oct. 1945 - varnished Taylor's Dammar Dull + Webers ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 283968, "title": "Higher States: Lawren Harris and His American Contemporaries", "description": "<i>Higher States: Lawren Harris and His American Contemporaries</i>. McMichael Canadian Art Collection, Kleinburg, Canada (organizer) (February 4-September 4, 2017); Glenbow Museum, Calgary, Canada (October 7, 2017-January 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-02-04T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by Raymond Jonson. </em>Omaha Society of Fine Arts, Public Library Galleries, Omaha (March 24-April 20, 1924).", "opening_date": "1924-03-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>An Exhibit of Paintings by Raymond Jonson. </em>Kansas City Art Institute, Kansas City (May 1-May 31, 1924).", "opening_date": "1924-05-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1922-1978", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edward and Bettie Moran, Alameda, NM", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-2002", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Bob Copland, Santa Fe, NM)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2002", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private collector, ME", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002-by 2008", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Hirschl & Adler Galleries, Inc., New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 2008-2009", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2009-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jonson admired this composition, recycling it years later for a mountainous New Mexico landscape painting.", "description": "The radically stylized tendencies in <em>Rock at Sea </em>were motivated by Jonson\u2019s earlier work as an avant-garde scenic and lighting designer for the esteemed Chicago Little Theatre. Inspired by the jagged coast of Ogunquit, Maine, the painting\u2019s visionary rendering of nature embodies the artist\u2019s long-standing interest in communicating mystical concepts. Later, Jonson would move to Albuquerque, New Mexico, and co-found the Transcendental Painting Group, an association of artists dedicated to expressing the imaginative and spiritual realms through abstract art.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480481"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2009.269-rock-at-sea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Exhibition of Paintings by Raymond Jonson: March 24 to April 20, 1924. </em>Omaha: Omaha Society of Fine Arts, 1924.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Museum Notes.\" <em>The Evening Bee: Omaha </em>(Omaha, NE), March 28, 1924.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>An Exhibit of Paintings by Raymond Jonson. </em>Kansas City: The Kansas City Art Institute, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Acquisitions Highlights.\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 49 (November 2009).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11; Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mann, Griffith C. \"Acquisitions 2009.\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 50 (March/April 2010).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17-18; Reproduced: p. 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2010-02/page/n15/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Litt, Steven. \"Close Up: Painter's Interest in Abstraction Leaves Him Teetering at the Edge,\" <em>The Plain Dealer</em>, February 12, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: E5; Reproduced: E5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nasgaard, Roald, Gwendolyn Owens, and Lawren Harris. <em>Higher States:</em> <em>Lawren Harris and His American Contemporaries.</em> Kleinburg, Ontario: McMichael Canadian Art Collection, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94; Reproduced: p. 14-15", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hartel, Herbert R. <em>Raymond Jonson and the Spiritual in Modernist and Abstract Painting.</em> New York and London: Routledge, Taylor &amp; Francis Group, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36-38; Reproduced: p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marshall, Jennifer Jane. \"Routes to Modernism: 1913-1943.\" In <em>Art in Chicago: A History from the Fire to Now</em>. Maggie Taft and Robert Cozzolino, editors. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Raymond Jonson Papers, 1910-1964. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Microfilm.", "page_number": "Mentioned: RJ-8, frames 6198-6200, RJ-10, frame 7122", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2009.269", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.269/2009.269_web.jpg", "width": "1043", "height": "893", "filesize": "759323", "filename": "2009.269_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.269/2009.269_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2911", "filesize": "8383992", "filename": "2009.269_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2009.269/2009.269_full.tif", "width": "5583", "height": "4780", "filesize": "80093716", "filename": "2009.269_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. Robert B. Benyo Trust Gallery", "athena_id": 167456, "creators": [{"id": 58611, "description": "Raymond Jonson (American, 1891\u20131982)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1891", "death_year": "1982", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2009-09-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1920, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1920\u20131922", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:37:39.825000"}, {"id": 150693, "accession_number": "1982.124", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pine Tree, c. 1897. Giovanni Segantini (Italian, 1858\u20131899). Oil on fabric; framed: 149.5 x 84.8 x 4.1 cm (58 7/8 x 33 3/8 x 1 5/8 in.); unframed: 135.2 x 72 cm (53 1/4 x 28 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1982.124", "current_location": null, "title": "Pine Tree", "creation_date": "c. 1897", "creation_date_earliest": 1892, "creation_date_latest": 1902, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 149.5 x 84.8 x 4.1 cm (58 7/8 x 33 3/8 x 1 5/8 in.); Unframed: 135.2 x 72 cm (53 1/4 x 28 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.495, "height_inch": 58, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.848, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.041, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "unframed": {"height": 1.352, "height_inch": 53, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.72, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309644, "title": "The Year in Review for 1982", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1982</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 5-February 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441742, "title": "Giovanni Segantini", "description": "<i>Giovanni Segantini</i>. Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, CH-8024 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland (organizer) (November 8, 1990-February 17, 1991).", "opening_date": "1990-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224348, "title": "Giovanni Segantini", "description": "<i>Giovanni Segantini</i>. Fondation Beyeler, CH-4125 Riehen/Basel, Switzerland (organizer) (January 16-April 25, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-01-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Esposizione di alcune opere di G. Segantini.</em> Milan, Italy (1899).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>Previati mon.to a Segantini di Leo Bistolfi.</em> Galleria Alberto Grubicy, Milan, Italy (1906).", "opening_date": "1906-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition des peintres divisionnistes italiens.</em> Serre de l'Alma, Paris,France; Gallerie Grubicy, Milan, Italy (organizer) (1907).", "opening_date": "1907-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Giovanni Segantini Ged\u00e4chtnis-Ausstellung</em>. Saint Moritz., Switzerland (1949).", "opening_date": "1949-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Graub\u00fcnden in der Malerei des 20 Jahrhunderts.</em> Kunsthaus, Chur, Switzerland (1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Mostra Commemorativa di Giovanni Segantini.</em> Palazzo Marchetti, Arco, Italy (1958).", "opening_date": "1958-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Galleria Alberto Grubicy, Milan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->In 1880 Segantini achieved some financial security when art dealer, critic, and painter Vittore Grubicy began buying his work.&nbsp; Grubicy helped support Segantini, and within three years, the artist had signed an exclusive contract with Grubicy.&nbsp; Their relationship ended in 1891 after a conflict between Vittore and his brother, Alberto, over how to manage the gallery. Segantini sided with Alberto, who had been controlling the financial aspects of Segantini\u2019s contract with the gallery since 1886. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Until 1907", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Oscar Bernhard [1861-1939], Samaden/St. Moritz, probably by descent to his daughter, Annigna Petitpierre-Bernhard", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Bernhard, a friend of Segantini\u2019s since 1894, was patron of the artist, as well as his physician when he came down with a fatal case of peritonitis in 1899. In 1908 Bernhard cofounded the Segantini museum in St. Moritz.&nbsp;</div><div><!--block--><br></div><ul><li><!--block--><br></li></ul>"], "date": "Probably until 1939", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Annigna Petitpierre-Bernhard [1899-1978], Zurich", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Petitpierre-Bernhard\u2019s initials, \u201cP.B.,\u201d are inscribed in blue crayon on the back of the painting\u2019s stretcher.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Probably 1939-at least 1973", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Galerie Nathan, Zurich, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1982", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1982-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bottom right portion of this painting was left unfinished; the earth-red ground layer is still visible.", "description": "Segantini painted this view of a pine tree in the Swiss Alps with his distinctive combination of brilliant colors applied in small, broken strokes. Rather than a direct transcription of nature, the extreme close-up view and the flat, decorative space are designed to arouse an emotional response. Finding spiritual consolation in the lush forests and clear light around his home in the Alps, Segantini wrote: \u201cI am now working passionately to wrest the secret of Nature\u2019s spirit from her. Nature utters the eternal word to the artist: love, love; and the earth sings life in spring, and the soul of things reawakens.\u201d", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474837"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1982.124-pine-tree"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Quinsac, Annie-Paule. <em>Segantini: catalogo generale.</em> Milano: Electa, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Grubicy, Alberto, and Mario Morasso. <em>Catalogo delle mostre coll. ve Segantini [e] Previati; mon. to a Segantini di Leo. Bistolfi</em>. [Milano]: [Tip. L.F. Cogliati], 1906.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Arcangeli, Francesco, and Maria Cristina Gozzoli. <em>L'opera completa di Segantini</em>.  Milano: Rizzoli, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiori, Teresa. <em>Archivi del divisionismo</em> 2. Rome: Officina Edizioni, 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Nathan, invoice to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 5, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<br>Arcangeli, Francesco, and Maria Cristina Gozzoli. <em>L'opera completa di Segantini</em>.  Milano: Rizzoli, 1973.<br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Quinsac, Annie-Paule. <em>Segantini: catalogo generale.</em> Milano: Electa, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiori, Teresa. <em>Archivi del divisionismo</em> 2. Rome: Officina Edizioni, 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiori, Teresa. <em>Archivi del divisionismo</em> 2. Rome: Officina Edizioni, 1968.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Arcangeli, Francesco, and Maria Cristina Gozzoli. <em>L'opera completa di Segantini</em>.  Milano: Rizzoli, 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Nathan, invoice to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 5, 1982, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Locatelli-Milesi, Achille. <em>L'Oeuvre de Giovanni Segantin</em>i. Paris: Soc. Dante Alighieri, 1907.", "page_number": "Reproduced: opp. p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Montandon, Marcel. <em>Segantini</em>. Bielefeld, Germany: Velhagen &amp; Klasing, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119, fig. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicodemi, Giorgio. <em>Giovanni Segantini</em>. Milano: L'Arte, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 225, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fiori, Teresa. <em>Archivi del Divisionismo</em>. Roma, Italy: Officina Edizioni, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 442", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gozzoli, Maria Cristina. <em>L'opera completa di Segantini</em>. Milano, Italy: Rizzoli, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 392", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lu\u0308thy, Hans A., and Corrado Maltese. <em>Giovanni Segantini</em>. Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland: Orell Fu\u0308ssli Verlag, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 129", "url": null}, {"citation": "Quinsac, Annie-Paule, and Giovanni Segantini. <em>Segantini: catalogo generale</em>. Milano, Italy: Electa, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 530, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review for 1982.\"<em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXX</em>, no. 1 (January, 1983):3-55.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17, Mentioned: p. 51, no. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sackerlotzky, Rotraud. \"Giovanni Segantini: Stone Pine and Alpine Roses.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXIII</em>, no. 1 (January, 1986): 2-13.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover, p.2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159926"}, {"citation": "Bauman, Felix, Guido Magnaguagno, and Daniela Tobler. <em>Giovanni Segantini, 1858-1899: Kunsthaus Zu\u0308rich, 9. November 1990-3. Februar 1991</em>. Zu\u0308rich, Switzerland: Das Kunsthaus, 1990.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 220", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 2, p. 584-589, no. 206", "url": null}, {"citation": "Echte, Bernhard, and Petra Cordioli. <em>Kunstsalon Bruno &amp; Paul Cassirer: die Ausstellungen 1898-1901 ; [\"das Beste aus aller Welt zeigen\"]</em>. Wa\u0308denswil: Nimbus, Kunst und Bu\u0308cher, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 316", "url": null}, {"citation": "Segantini, Diana, Guido Magnaguagno, and Ulf Ku\u0308ster. <em>Segantini</em>. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Arendsee, M., and M. Steinman-Arendsee. \"Take the CAN disability aesthetics tour, at the Cleveland Museum of art.\" <em>CAN Journal</em> (Winter 2019/20): 76-87.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 83", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1982.124", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.124/1982.124_web.jpg", "width": "456", "height": "893", "filesize": "426319", "filename": "1982.124_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.124/1982.124_print.jpg", "width": "1736", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6373772", "filename": "1982.124_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1982.124/1982.124_full.tif", "width": "3024", "height": "5921", "filesize": "53748684", "filename": "1982.124_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150693, "creators": [{"id": 1813, "description": "Giovanni Segantini (Italian, 1858\u20131899)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "By the age of eight, Giovanni Battista Emanuele Maria Segatini (who changed his last name to Segantini in 1879), was orphaned and subsequently lived in institutions and with family members in Milan. The early death of his mother in particular preoccupied him throughout his life, and the subject of motherly care would become a recurrent theme in his oeuvre. In 1875 he became an apprentice to the photographer and decorative painter Luigi Tettamanzi and began attending the Academy of the Brera in the evenings. Two years later Segantini enrolled in day classes for landscape and decorative painting. He achieved some financial security in 1880 when art dealer, critic, and painter Vittore Grubicy (1851-1920) began buying his work. That same year the young artist met Luigia Bugatti (called Bice, sister of the designer Carlo Bugatti [1856-1940]), with whom he would have four children. Grubicy helped support Segantini and encouraged him to travel to the Brianza region near Lake Como in order to paint directly from nature. Segantini depicted the life of peasants and their animals, most likely influenced by the work of Millet (q.v.). Within three years Segantini had signed an exclusive contract with Grubicy. In 1883 he was awarded a gold medal at the Universal Exhibition in Amsterdam. Three years later he moved to the mountain village of Savognin at the foot of the Julier Pass in Switzerland and began painting the mountains and their inhabitants. Following the advice of Grubicy, he started experimenting with the division of colors in which he juxtaposed pure bands of pigment on the canvas, creating a luminous atmosphere. He was thus one of the leading developers of divisionism, the Italian variant of neo-impressionism. Segantini's relationship with Grubicy came to an end in 1891 after a conflict between Vittore and his brother, Alberto, on how to manage the gallery. Segantini chose the latter's side. Alberto had been controlling the financial aspects of his contract with the Grubicy gallery since 1886. From 1894 until his death in 1899, the artist lived in Majola, where he produced works of a more visionary and symbolic character that allocated a central role to nature as an overpowering force. He died on the Alpine peak Schafberg (Sheep Mountain) while working on one of the three canvasses that formed Il Trittico della Natura (The Triptych of Nature, 1896-99, Segantini Museum, St. Moritz). Since the 1888 London Universal Exhibition, the artist had earned an international reputation, particularly in Germany where he also exhibited frequently. His artistic persona has been compared with those of Edvard Munch (1863-1944) and van Gogh (q.v.). Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944) called him one of the pioneers of the \"spiritual in art,\" and the Italian Futurists regarded him as one of the exemplar figures of modernism.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1858", "death_year": "1899", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1982-08-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1892, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1897", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-03 11:06:04.209000"}, {"id": 98363, "accession_number": "1917.998", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cat Coffin, 305\u201330 BCE. Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305\u201330 BCE). Bronze, hollow cast; overall: 51 x 14.1 x 24 cm (20 1/16 x 5 9/16 x 9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1917.998", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Cat Coffin", "creation_date": "305\u201330 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -305, "creation_date_latest": -30, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Greco-Roman period (332 BCE\u2013395 CE), Ptolemaic dynasty (305\u201330 BCE)"], "technique": "bronze, hollow cast", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Greco-Roman", "type": "Funerary Equipment", "measurements": "Overall: 51 x 14.1 x 24 cm (20 1/16 x 5 9/16 x 9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.51, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.141, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.24, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304550, "title": "A Cleveland Bestiary", "description": "<i>A Cleveland Bestiary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 15-December 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1916). no. 163, p. 225", "opening_date": "1916-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA (29 August 1952 - 2 April 1953).", "opening_date": "1952-08-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1981b). no. 31", "opening_date": "1981-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dikran G. Kelekian, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1917", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1584.17"], "did_you_know": "A necklace appears to have been incised or scratched into the finished bronze; faint traces are visible on the chest.", "description": "Although the cat is considered the most Egyptian of animals, as an object of worship the cat does not appear until late in Egyptian history. This unusually large statue of a cat was made to hold the mummified remains of a sacred cat. The coffin is, of course, hollow, with an open bottom. As usual, the animal\u2019s tail is curled around its right side.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741470"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.998-cat-coffin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n18"}, {"citation": "Kathman, Barbara A. <em>A Cleveland Bestiary</em>. Cleveland, OH; Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 37; Mentioned: p. 33, p. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 438", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.998", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.998/1917.998_web.jpg", "width": "630", "height": "893", "filesize": "268555", "filename": "1917.998_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.998/1917.998_print.jpg", "width": "2398", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3941618", "filename": "1917.998_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.998/1917.998_full.tif", "width": "4232", "height": "6000", "filesize": "76206172", "filename": "1917.998_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.998/1917.998_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "583", "height": "893", "filesize": "260397"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.998/1917.998_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2218", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3901355"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.998/1917.998_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4567", "height": "7000", "filesize": "95937332"}, "date_created": "2007-04-25T16:52:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.998/1917.998_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "893", "filesize": "312097"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.998/1917.998_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2624", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4632187"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.998/1917.998_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4631", "height": "6000", "filesize": "83388788"}, "date_created": "2007-04-25T17:20:46", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98363, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-02-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -305, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "305\u201330 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:18:37.616000"}, {"id": 136472, "accession_number": "1960.49", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Raja Dilip Singh of Guler on a dais, c. 1707. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera and gold on paper; image: 22.7 x 15.3 cm (8 15/16 x 6 in.); overall: 27.1 x 19.8 cm (10 11/16 x 7 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. 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Jade, gold, rubies, gouache, ivory, glass; overall: 15.3 x 5 x 5 cm (6 x 1 15/16 x 1 15/16 in.). 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 402955, "title": "Faberg\u00e9: Romance to Revolution", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9: Romance to Revolution</i>. 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The tsar gave this miniature of himself to his wife, and she gave the one of the baby to him.", "description": "The giving of miniatures had long been a common practice among wealthy and aristocratic families by the time Faberge began combining portraits with his richly decorated frames. The Russian imperial family delighted in having these personal mementos and commissioned many different miniatures to place around their private apartments, providing a warm family atmosphere in an otherwise highly formal existence.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747010"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.458.1-imperial-framed-mini"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 24-5, cat 8", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced:  p. 107, cat. 83.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. 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"qualifier": null, "role": "miniaturist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1857", "death_year": "1908", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 8914, "description": "Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "workmaster", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1860", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}, {"id": 313609, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9, (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1896, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1896", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1966.458", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:18.102000"}, {"id": 144696, "accession_number": "1969.38", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Segmentum from a Tunic, 750\u201399. Egypt, Abbasid period. Tapestry; linen and wool; overall: 23.5 x 20.4 cm (9 1/4 x 8 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The A. W. Ellenberger, Sr., Endowment Fund, 1969.38", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Segmentum from a Tunic", "creation_date": "750\u201399", "creation_date_earliest": 750, "creation_date_latest": 799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Abbasid period"], "technique": "tapestry; linen and wool", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Islamic", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 23.5 x 20.4 cm (9 1/4 x 8 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.235, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.204, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311451, "title": "Textiles from Egypt, Syria and Spain: 7th through 15th centuries", "description": "<i>Textiles from Egypt, Syria and Spain: 7th through 15th centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 26-June 6, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-11-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 383026, "title": "Coptic Textile Rotation Gallery 106", "description": "<i>Coptic Textile Rotation Gallery 106</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 23, 2012-May 2, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-05-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 707281, "title": "Art of the Islamic World: May 2026", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World: May 2026</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 30, 2026-May 23, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-05-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Meeting of Two Worlds: The Crusades and the Mediterranean Context</em>. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (May 9-September 27, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-05-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Mrs. Paul [Marguerite] Mallon [d. 1977], Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131969", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The animal battle takes place on a background formed by the spreading branches of a tree with stylized flowers and leaves.", "description": "A fierce lion with a pronounced mane takes down a large bull on a purple red ground with stylized trees and plants. Both animals appear to be facing us, the viewer. The border displays a formal wreath of rosettes. This roundel, or circular element, and two additional matching examples suggest that they originally decorated the front and back of a tunic. The scene may be an abbreviated reference to the royal hunt, one of the pleasures of the court that served as propaganda to legitimize the authority of rulers by confirming their ability to control natural resources.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79922222"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.38-segmentum-from-a-tun"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report for 1969.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 57, no. 6 (February 1970): 163\u2013193.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 177", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152335"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n289"}, {"citation": "Bornstein, Christine Verza\u0301r, and Priscilla Parsons Soucek. <em>The Meeting of Two Worlds: The Crusades and the Mediterranean Context : [Exhibition], the University of Michigan Museum of Art, May 9-September 27, 1981</em>. Ann Arbor: The Museum, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 25, pl. 3", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1969.38", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.38/1969.38_web.jpg", "width": "765", "height": "900", "filesize": "344485", "filename": "1969.38_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.38/1969.38_print.jpg", "width": "2891", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6564147", "filename": "1969.38_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.38/1969.38_full.tif", "width": "6656", "height": "7828", "filesize": "156339384", "filename": "1969.38_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.38/1969.38_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "738", "height": "900", "filesize": "228859"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.38/1969.38_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2788", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4634983"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.38/1969.38_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6566", "height": "8008", "filesize": "157767492"}, "date_created": "2026-05-05T14:16:52", "annotation": "Back"}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.38/1969.38_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "827", "height": "893", "filesize": "731825"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.38/1969.38_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3147", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8830894"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1969.38/1969.38_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3529", "height": "3813", "filesize": "40407108"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The A. W. Ellenberger, Sr., Endowment Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144696, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 750, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "750\u201399", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Tunic Ornament"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:44:37.242000"}, {"id": 151374, "accession_number": "1983.214", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tripod Container with Dragon-Head Handle (Zhadou), 500s. China, Southern and Northern Dynasties period (386-589). Bronze; overall: 22.8 cm (9 in.); diameter of mouth with rim: 15.5 cm (6 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1983.214", "current_location": "241B Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Tripod Container with Dragon-Head Handle (Zhadou)", "creation_date": "500s", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 600, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Southern and Northern Dynasties period (386-589)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Southern Dynasties", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 22.8 cm (9 in.); Diameter of mouth with rim: 15.5 cm (6 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.228, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "diameter of mouth with rim": {"width": 0.155, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309669, "title": "The Year in Review for 1983", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1983</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 22-April 8, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-02-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310291, "title": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia", "description": "<i>Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1984: \"Year in Review 1983,\" Bull., LXXI (Feb. 1984), no. 269, p. 79, repr. p. 44", "opening_date": "1984-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1990: \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia,\" Bull., 77 (October 1990), cat. #11, p. 315, repr. p. 315", "opening_date": "1990-10-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Sotheby Parke Bernet, New York, NY, Sale of Fine Chinese Ceramics, Works of Art and Paintings, Wednesday, December 7, 1983, lot 63)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 7, 1983", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The tripod is supported by three splayed legs issuing from mouths of lion heads and ending in pawed feet.", "description": "This dragon, winged chimera (<a href=\"http://www.clevelandart.org/art/1980.184\">CMA 1980.184</a>), and grotesque monster's face (<a href=\"http://www.clevelandart.org/art/1930.731\">CMA 1930.731</a>) exhibit uninhibited imagination in the representation of fantastic animals--all are full of energy, vigor, and magical power. Whether as purely sculptural forms or decorative elements of utilitarian vessels, they are characterized by a sensitive modeling of dynamic forms with the typical Chinese elegance of line.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749409"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.214-tripod-container-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc. <em>F</em>i<em>ne Chinese Ceramics, Works of Art and Paintings</em>. 7 December 1983. Sale 5133.", "page_number": "Lot 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Year in Review for 1983.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>71, no. 2 (February, 1984): 38-79.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 44, no. 269", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159848"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 8 (1990): 286-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 11, p. 315", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.214", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.214/1983.214_web.jpg", "width": "1093", "height": "893", "filesize": "79274", "filename": "1983.214_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.214/1983.214_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2777", "filesize": "730296", "filename": "1983.214_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.214/1983.214_full.tif", "width": "6115", "height": "4996", "filesize": "91680340", "filename": "1983.214_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.214/1983.214_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1039", "height": "893", "filesize": "69517"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.214/1983.214_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2923", "filesize": "737860"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.214/1983.214_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6091", "height": "5238", "filesize": "95744040"}, "date_created": "2012-08-31T13:01:11", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 151374, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-12-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ewer (Jiaodou)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:49:07.807000"}, {"id": 314241, "accession_number": "2018.107", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Shurpanakha demands vengeance, from the \"Shangri\" Ramayana, c. 1700. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms. Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; painting: 18.4 x 28.9 cm (7 1/4 x 11 3/8 in.); page: 21.6 x 31.8 cm (8 1/2 x 12 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2018.107", "current_location": "010 Focus Gallery", "title": "Shurpanakha demands vengeance, from the \"Shangri\" Ramayana", "creation_date": "c. 1700", "creation_date_earliest": 1680, "creation_date_latest": 1750, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northern India, Pahari kingdoms"], "technique": "Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 18.4 x 28.9 cm (7 1/4 x 11 3/8 in.); Page: 21.6 x 31.8 cm (8 1/2 x 12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 0.184, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.289, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "overall": {"height": 0.216, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.318, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "page": {"height": 0.216, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.318, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[[verso, lower right corner, in Sanskrit, upside down]] aranya 31", "inscription_translation": "[Book of] the Forest, [Chapter] 31", "inscription_remark": "This episode occurs in Aranya Kanda Sarga 31.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[recto, in the borders, indistinct Takri script]] Shurpanakh\u0101 (?)--- lank\u0101 \u0101y\u012b ---- r\u0101va\u1e47e prati jh\u016bth bachan bold\u012b hoyi je tan raje bich matra (?) hoy\u012b hai. Sri r\u0101m chandre khar d\u016bsana s\u0101ra m\u0101re mera dheya(?) hoy\u0101. Sri r\u0101m chandre de sath isd\u012b ek istri ----", "inscription_translation": "Shurpanakha(?) arrived at Lanka, and began lying to Ravana. [She said that] Rama had murdered [the demons] Khara and Dhushana, and (unintelligible). [She mentioned that] Rama had a woman with him who (unintelligible).", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[verso, top, in Takri script]] 71", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "[[verso, left side, in Takri script]] 71", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 315752, "title": "Indian Gallery 242 Rotation", "description": "<i>Indian Gallery 242 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 10, 2018-April 7, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 457592, "title": "Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey", "description": "<i>Imagining Rama\u2019s Journey</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-September 17, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-03-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 690400, "title": "Epic of the Northwest Himalayas: Pahari Paintings from the \u201c\u2018Shangri\u2019 Ramayana\u201d", "description": "<i>Epic of the Northwest Himalayas: Pahari Paintings from the \u201c\u2018Shangri\u2019 Ramayana\u201d</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 19-August 16, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-04-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Rama Epic: Hero, Heroine, Ally, Foe</em>. Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (organizer) (October 21, 2016-January 15, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 20-May 29, 2011); Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (June 24-October 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Unknown", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131956", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Walter LeRoy Randel Jr. [b. 1932], New York, NY, sold to Ralph Benkaim)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1956\u2013July 1969", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection, Los Angeles, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "July 1969\u20132018", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 162328, "description": "Rishyashringa addresses the courtesans, from the \"Shangri\" Ramayana, c. 1700\u20131725. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, Himachal Pradesh. Gum tempera and ink on paper; page: 20 x 30.4 cm (7 7/8 x 11 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund, 2002.6", "relationship": null}, {"id": 159647, "description": "King Dasharatha confers with Kaikeyi, from the \u201cShangri\u201d Ramayana, c. 1700\u20131725. Northern India, Pahari kingdoms, Himachal Pradesh. Gum tempera and ink on paper; page: 22.5 x 32.7 cm (8 7/8 x 12 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Norman Zaworski in honor of Sherman and Ruth Lee, 1996.361", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The <em>Ramayana</em> of Valmiki describes Shurpanakha as hideous, misshapen, and potbellied with hair the color of copper.", "description": "In a dramatic climax, the artists introduce the demon king, Ravana (the Howler), archvillain of the <em>Ramayana</em>. He has 10 crowned heads and 20 arms. He grasps a different deadly weapon in each hand; they reveal his supreme powers. The demon Shurpanakha\u2019s nose and ears are healing, but her desire for revenge is stronger than ever. She gestures emphatically at her brother Ravana, urging him to find a way to destroy Rama, perhaps by kidnapping Rama\u2019s wife. More gold has been lavished on this painting than any other known from the <em>\u201cShangri\u201d Ramayana</em>, suggesting that it is meant to stand out as a scene of primary importance.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483058"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2018.107-ravanas-sister-shurp"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cummins, Joan. <em>Vishnu: Hinduism\u2019s Blue-Skinned Savior. </em>Grantha, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 80.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "McGill, Forest, ed. <em>The Rama Epic: Hero, Heroine, Ally, Foe. </em>San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 118, pp. 203, 228.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Cameron Kitchin, Chase F. Robinson, Cleveland Museum of Art, Cincinnati Art Museum, and National Museum of Asian Art (Smithsonian Institution). <em>Pahari Paintings: Art and Stories</em>, edited by Sonya Rhie Mace, Sarang Sharma, and Vijay Sharma. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2026.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 92--98, no. 17c", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.107", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.107/2018.107_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "623", "filesize": "326768", "filename": "2018.107_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.107/2018.107_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2354", "filesize": "3501810", "filename": "2018.107_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.107/2018.107_full.tif", "width": "7175", "height": "4968", "filesize": "106972108", "filename": "2018.107_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.107/2018.107_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "620", "filesize": "176476"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.107/2018.107_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2341", "filesize": "2167777"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2018.107/2018.107_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6788", "height": "4673", "filesize": "95189304"}, "date_created": "2018-08-31T12:15:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase and partial gift from the Catherine and Ralph Benkaim Collection; Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Focus Gallery a Gift of Julia and Larry Pollock", "athena_id": 314241, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-09-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1680, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1700", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ravana\u2019s sister is complaining that her nose was cut off by Lakshman as the demons prepare to depart to capture Sita, from the \u201cShangri\u201d Ramayana series", "Ravana\u2019s sister complains that her nose was cut off by Lakshmana as the demons prepare to depart to capture Sita, from the \u201cShangri\u201d Ramayana", "Ravana\u2019s sister Shurpanakha complains that Lakshmana cut off her nose and ears, from Chapter 31 of the Aranya Kanda (Book of the Forest) of a \u201cShangri\u201d Ramayana (Rama\u2019s Journey)", "Shurpanakha demands vengeance, from the \"Shangri\" Ramayana"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:55:02.998000"}, {"id": 130361, "accession_number": "1953.126", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Streams and Mountains without End (\u6eaa\u5c71\u7121\u76e1), 1100\u20131150. China, late Northern Song dynasty (960-1127) - Jin dynasty (1115-1234). Handscroll; ink and slight color on silk; image: 35.1 x 213 cm (13 13/16 x 83 7/8 in.); overall: 35.1 x 1103.8 cm (13 13/16 x 434 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1953.126", "current_location": null, "title": "Streams and Mountains without End", "title_in_original_language": "\u6eaa\u5c71\u7121\u76e1", "creation_date": "1100\u20131150", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1150, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, late Northern Song dynasty (960-1127) - Jin dynasty (1115-1234)"], "technique": "handscroll; ink and slight color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 35.1 x 213 cm (13 13/16 x 83 7/8 in.); Overall: 35.1 x 1103.8 cm (13 13/16 x 434 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.351, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 2.13, "width_inch": 83, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "overall": {"height": 0.351, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 11.038, "width_inch": 434, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "9 colophons and 48 seals: \n\n1 colophon, dated 1205, of Wang Wenwei \u738b\u6587\u851a (dates unknown); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1205, of Li Hui \u674e\u60e0 (dates unknown); \n\n1 colophon of Weiluo Tian Xie \u851a\u7f85\u7530\u736c (dates unknown); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1214, of He Yan \u4f55\u8a00 (dates unknown); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1326, of Cao Yuanyong \u66f9\u5143\u7528 (d. 1329)\n\n1 colophon, dated 1332, of Kangli Zishan \u5eb7\u91cc\u5b50\u5c71 (Naonao; 1295-1345); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1336, of Liu Zai \u5289\u8f09. (dates unknown); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1380, and 4 seals of Yang Mao \u694a\u61cb (1300-after 1380); \n\n4 seals of the Hou family (ca. 1340); \n\n1 colophon of Wang Duo \u738b\u9438 (1592-1652); \n\n4 seals of Zhang Bingqian \u5f35\u79c9\u4e7e (juren of 1729); \n\n8 seals of Liang Qingbiao \u6881\u6e05\u6a19 (1620-1691); \n\n2 seals of the Qianlong emperor (r. 1736-95); \n\n4 seals of the Jiaqing emperor (r. 1796-1820); \n\n3 seals of the Xuantong emperor (r. 1909-11); \n\n2 seals of Ye Gongchuo \u8449\u606d\u7dbd (1881-1968); \n\n17 seals of Zhang Yuan \u5f35\u7230 (Zhang Daqian \u5f35\u5927\u5343, 1899-1983).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon 1. Wang Wenwei \u738b\u6587\u851a. Dated third month and third day, 1205, under the reign of Zhangzong of the Jin dynasty.\n\n\u9020\u7269\u5143\u7121\u5fc3\uff0c\u5c71\u5ddd\u79c0\u6c23\u805a\u3002\u756b\u624b\u4ea6\u7121\u76e1\uff0c\u5404\u51fa\u65b0\u610f\u5ea6\u3002\n\u8ab0\u5c07\u5999\u6797\u6cc9\uff0c\u6de1\u58a8\u5beb\u7e11\u7d20\u3002\u91cd\u5dd2\u758a\u5d82\u9593\uff0c\u4e09\u5169\u4eba\u5bb6\u4f4f\u3002\n\u8305\u820d\u9694\u7d20\u7c6c\uff0c\u5c0f\u6a4b\u901a\u7d30\u8def\u3002\u6eaa\u4e0a\u6578\u8449\u821f\uff0c\u96c5\u6709\u7269\u5916\u8da3\u3002\n\u5d53\u5d26\u85cf\u62db\u63d0\uff0c\u4f9d\u7a00\u8a8d\u7a97\u6236\u3002\u5c71\u8272\u56db\u6642\u5b9c\uff0c\u96f2\u7159\u81ea\u671d\u66ae\u3002\n\u4e0d\u77e5\u5875\u4e16\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u666f\u5728\u4f55\u8655\u3002\u6536\u62fe\u8cb7\u5c71\u9322\uff0c\u6295\u8001\u597d\u6b78\u53bb\u3002\n\n\u6cf0\u548c\u4e59\u4e11\u4e09\u6708\u4e09\u65e5\u5e73\u539f\u738b\u6587\u851a\u8b39\u518d\u62dc\uff0c\u66f8\u4e8e\u6cb3\u6771\u7e23\u7f72\u4e4b\u91ce\u8da3\u5802\u3002", "inscription_translation": "The creator has no intentions,\nMaking mountains and streams from pure air.\nThe painters too are also innumerable;\nEvery one of them has some new ideas.\nWho has picked these tasteful forests and springs,\nAnd laid them on this white piece of silk with light ink?\nIn the midst of layers of peaks and piles of overhangs,\nTwo or three families have found dwellings.\nThe thatched huts are separated by sparse fences.\nA little bridge leads to several narrow paths.\nOn the river boats float like leaves.\nThe tranquility gives a flavor that is beyond this world.\nBehind a rock, a monastery is hidden,\nDoors and windows of some buildings are faintly recognizable.\nThe appearance of the mountain is proper for all four seasons,\nCloudy and misty from dawn to dusk.\nI wonder where in this dust-filled world Can scenes like this be found!\nGather your pension money;\nWhen old, this is a good place to go.\n\nThe third day, third month, the year of yichou in the Taihe reign (1205), Wang Wenwei of Pingyuan wrote this at Yequ Tang in the magisterial office of Hedong.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon 2. Li Hui \u674e\u60e0. The colophon was written three days before the Qingming Festival in 1205. \n\n\u756b\u5e2b\u6163\u5728\u5c71\u4e2d\u5c45\uff0c\u542b\u6beb\u542e\u58a8\u804a\u81ea\u5a1b\u3002\n\u9591\u5c07\u4e00\u6bb5\u51b0\u971c\u7d79\uff0c\u5beb\u51fa\u5343\u91cc\u6c5f\u5c71\u5716\u3002\n\u524d\u5c71\u5f8c\u5c71\u4e92\u51fa\u6c92\uff0c\u5c71\u8170\u6797\u6a3e\u76f8\u7e08\u7d06\u3002\n\u5371\u6a4b\u6f97\u6e9c\u7009\u9cf4\u7389\uff0c\u5c71\u6839\u4e00\u532f\u70ba\u5e73\u6e56\u3002\n\u6ce2\u5e73\u77ed\u8247\u5feb\u6f01\u91e3\uff0c\u96f2\u6df1\u7d30\u5f91\u4f86\u6a35\u8607\u3002\n\u50ca\u5bae\u68b5\u5b87\u5360\u5e7d\u52dd\uff0c\u96d5\u6b04\u8907\u95a3\u68ee\u84ec\u58fa\u3002\n\u5f80\u4f86\u884c\u5ba2\u7159\u9744\u5916\uff0c\u98c4\u98c4\u91ce\u5e97\u9752\u5e18\u5b64\u3002\n\u4eba\u5bb6\u96de\u72ac\u8072\u76f8\u63a5\uff0c\u7199\u7199\u5316\u65e5\u5b89\u5510\u5b87\u3002\n\u55df\u4f59\u55dc\u597d\u4f55\u5176\u8fc2\uff0c\u818f\u8093\u6cc9\u77f3\u771f\u543e\u5f92\u3002\n\u4e00\u884c\u4f5c\u540f\u58ae\u4e16\u7db2\uff0c\u8584\u66f8\u6c68\u6c92\u52de\u5954\u8da8\u3002\n\u5343\u5dd6\u842c\u58d1\u4f46\u5922\u60f3\uff0c\u6545\u5712\u4e09\u5f91\u61c9\u5c07\u856a\u3002\n\u62ab\u5716\u66ab\u6d17\u9ec3\u5875\u773c\uff0c\u62ca\u81ba\u4e09\u5606\u7a7a\u8e1f\u8e95\u3002\n\n\u6cf0\u548c\u4e59\u4e11\u6e05\u660e\u524d\u4e09\u65e5\u7d73\u81fa\u674e\u60e0\u66f8\u4e8e\u821c\u57ce\u5e9c\u7f72\u4e4b\u4e5d\u601d\u5802\u3002", "inscription_translation": "A master painter is used to mountain dwelling,\nHe amuses himself with brush and ink.\nLeisurely he took up a piece of icy white silk,\nAnd drew a picture of rivers and mountains for thousands of miles:\nFront hills and back hills mutually run into each other,\nAnd at their waist level forests meet and tangle.\nA dangerous bridge hangs over a rapid stream that roars like rattling jades.\nWhere the roots of mountains sink in union, there is the flat surface of the lake.\nThe waves are calm, and the fishing is easy in a short boat;\nThe clouds are thick, and along the small paths one gathers firewood.\nImmortal palaces and Buddhist temples are found in quiet and beautiful regions;\nCarved railings and complex of pavilions are situated deep in Penghu.\nComing and going, the travelers are seen outside the mist;\nFluttering is the blue banner of a shop alone in the wilderness.\nOther people living with the noise of chickens and dogs\nAre happily at peace under a good government.\nWhy then is my taste so foolish?\nSo I crave the company of rocks and streams.\nOnce I became a clerk I fell into the net of worldly affairs.\nMy humble books are buried in tears and I am exhausted by the race of life.\nThe thousand precipices and ten thousand valleys have since become only a dream.\nThe three paths of my old family garden are now covered with weeds.\nWhile opening the scroll I seem to wash my dustfilled eyes,\nWith hand on chest, I sigh three times, in vain.\n\nOn the third day before the Qingming Festival, in the year of yichou of the Taihe era (1205), I, Li Hui of Jiangtai, wrote this at Jiusi Tang of the prefecture office of Shuncheng.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon 3. Weiluo Tian Xie \u851a\u7f85\u7530\u736c. \n\n\u756b\u5de5\u7d1b\u7d1b\u4e0d\u53ef\u7d00\uff0c\u64fa\u812b\u4fd7\u6d41\u5e7e\u4eba\u8033\u3002\n\u592b\u8ab0\u63f4\u7b46\u6383\u9d5d\u6eaa\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u98a8\u7159\u4e14\u5343\u91cc\u3002\n\u767d\u6ce2\u9752\u5d82\u6e3a\u7121\u7aae\uff0c\u6c34\u63a5\u5c71\u516e\u5c71\u63d2\u6c34\u3002\n\u5c0f\u6a4b\u91ce\u5e97\u76f8\u52fe\u9023\uff0c\u53e4\u5bfa\u6a13\u81fa\u7a81\u5140\u8d77\u3002\n\u98c4\u7136\u6c23\u8c61\u8207\u795e\u4ff1\uff0c\u4f46\u60a3\u672a\u660e\u5b70\u59d3\u6c0f\u3002\n\u90ed\u7199\u96d6\u8001\u5178\u578b\u5b58\uff0c\u70ba\u554f\u4e3b\u516c\u7121\u4e43\u662f\u3002\n\u6b64\u756b\u4e16\u5e0c\u7576\u5bf6\u85cf\uff0c\u7121\u8207\u788c\u788c\u540c\u4e00\u8996\u3002\n\u66f4\u770b\u5377\u9996\u6578\u516c\u8a69\uff0c\u5947\u7d55\u6e05\u65b0\u76f8\u8868\u88cf\u3002\n\n\u851a\u7f85\u7530\u736c", "inscription_translation": "Painters are innumerable,\nBut how few of them have escaped mediocrity.\nWho has swept over this river with a painting brush\nForming a picture of wind and mist that stretches over a thousand miles?\nThe white waves and blue peaks are far and endless,\nWhile the water joins the mountains, the mountains are actually planted in the water.\nA little bridge leads to a wilderness shop,\nBehind which terraces of an old temple suddenly rise.\nThe atmosphere is free, and the appearance is comparable to those that are divine.\nOnly the anonymity of the painter is rather worrisome.\nGuo Xi may be old, but his likeness is here,\nI wonder if the master [owner] would agree with me.\nThis painting, a true rarity, should be carefully treasured;\nIt must not be treated as an ordinary thing.\nIn addition, we also look at the several poems at the beginning of the scroll written by several eminent or elderly gentlemen.\nTheir fresh insights are worthy compliments to the painting.\n\nWeiluo Tian Xie", "inscription_remark": "The writer's name is foreign.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon 4. He Yan \u4f55\u8a00. Written in 1214.\n\n\u842c\u6709\u4f86\u81ea\u7121\uff0c\u4e00\u771f\u6b78\u6240\u8a17\u3002\u756b\u5e2b\u5f97\u4e09\u6627\uff0c\u80f8\u4e2d\u5e7b\u4e18\u58d1\u3002\n\u767e\u614b\u9010\u58a8\u7834\uff0c\u7fa4\u5f62\u96a8\u7b46\u843d\u3002\u5730\u8fd1\u8ff9\u5206\u660e\uff0c\u5929\u9059\u75d5\u96b1\u7d04\u3002\n\u96f2\u7269\u81ea\u5410\u541e\uff0c\u5cef\u5dd2\u975e\u65a7\u947f\u3002\u6c5f\u9109\u95b4\u7121\u5e02\uff0c\u8c37\u95dc\u5e38\u4e0d\u9470\u3002\n\u4e2d\u6709\u91ce\u592b\u9591\uff0c\u7ae5\u7434\u800c\u6b69\u9db4\u3002\u9152\u65be\u51fa\u7c6c\u61f8\uff0c\u6f01\u821f\u81e8\u5cb8\u6cca\u3002\n\u6f97\u6a39\u853d\u6a4b\u6a11\uff0c\u5dd6\u677e\u8ff7\u6bbf\u95a3\u3002\u5c91\u758a\u5bbf\u9727\u91cd\uff0c\u91ce\u66e0\u6797\u7159\u8584\u3002\n\u5371\u68e7\u63a5\u7e08\u7d06\uff0c\u4e82\u6cc9\u901a\u8108\u7d61\u3002\u9014\u4e2d\u4eba\u5f80\u4f86\uff0c\u50d5\u99ac\u4f55\u7fb8\u5f31\u3002\n\u602a\u77f3\u864e\u8e21\u8dfc\uff0c\u53e4\u6728\u9f8d\u87e0\u932f\u3002\u4e00\u5e45\u5b9c\u597d\u6536\uff0c\u5343\u91d1\u975e\u6613\u535a\u3002\n\u7389\u5802\u9591\u5377\u8212\uff0c\u773c\u754c\u589e\u5be5\u5ed3\u3002\u8996\u96aa\u5c1a\u5bdb\u5e73\uff0c\u898b\u5371\u9664\u6158\u8650\u3002\n\u6c23\u8c61\u6ea2\u570b\u83ef\uff0c\u5ddd\u6fa4\u8cc7\u5edf\u7565\u3002\u529f\u540d\u696d\u5df2\u66f8\uff0c\u6b78\u53bb\u97ad\u5148\u8457\u3002\n\u4f46\u77e5\u8272\u5373\u7a7a\uff0c\u4f55\u662f\u4eca\u975e\u6628\u3002\u98fd\u4e4e\u4ec1\u667a\u5fc3\uff0c\u7b87\u4e2d\u7121\u9650\u6a02\u3002\n\n\u8c9e\u7950\u7532\u620c\u79cb\u66ae\uff0c\u6771\u71df\u4f55\u8a00\u984c\u3002", "inscription_translation": "The ten thousand objects came from nothingness,\nEverything goes back to the one true essence.\nThe painting master is in accord with samadhi.\nHe creates hills and valleys out of his bosom.\nHundreds of apparitions appear after the spread ink;\nVarieties of shapes follow the application of the brush.\nWhere things are near, they are made clear.\nIn the distant sky the traces become obscured.\nViews exist by themselves,\nPrecipices and peaks are not artificially chiseled.\nThe village by the river is quiet with no market.\nThe mountain gateway is often left unlocked.\nAmid this there are a few leisurely men,\nWatching a boy carrying a qin, and another walking a crane.\nOver the fence the wine shop banners are hanging;\nNear the shore the fishing boats are anchored.\nThe trees over the streams partly cover the bridge.\nThe pavilions are shaded by tall pines from the cliffs.\nBehind the multiple peaks, the moisture is heavy;\nOver the wild plain, the mist that covers the trees is light.\nDangerous paths are lined by winding bushes.\nThe meandering rapids link with mountains\u2019 veins.\nComing and going travelers go on their journeys;\nHow the attendants and the horses look wearied.\nThere are strange peaks that look like crouching tigers,\nThe ancient trees resemble tangled dragons.\nThis painting deserves to be cherished.\nEven a thousand pieces of gold may not obtain it.\nSitting in the Hanlin Academy I leisurely open the scroll,\nMy mind is being broadened.\nAware of pitfalls I am happy that I am safe,\nFacing the dangerous, I would still have to destroy the wicked.\nA grand atmosphere fills the nation.\nThe rich mountains and waters feed the high designs.\nWhen the deeds are done and one\u2019s name is in the book of merits,\nIn my home-bound journey I will put the whip to good use.\nKnowing that all forms are but empty.\nWhy must I insist that yesterday was wrong and today is right?\nBe nourished by a heart of benevolence and wisdom,\nIn which we will find the bliss that is eternal.\n\nIn late autumn, the year of jiaxu during the Zhenyou era (1214), I, He Yan of Eastern Encampment, wrote this.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon 5. Cao Yuanyong \u66f9\u5143\u7528 (d. 1329). Dated 1326. \n\n\u5cb8\u64c1\u5371\u6a4b\u65b7\uff0c\u6eaa\u6d6e\u5c0f\u8247\u659c\u3002\n\u842c\u5c71\u6700\u6df1\u8655\uff0c\u4f9d\u7d04\u5169\u4e09\u5bb6\u3002\n\n\u6cf0\u5b9a\u4e19\u5bc5\u79cb\uff0c\u66f9\u5143\u7528\u984c\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Shores carry a dangling bridge,\nStreams float slender boats;\nIn the depth of ten thousand hills\nTwo or three families are thinly placed.\n\nIn autumn, the year of bingyin in the Taiding era (1326), I, Cao Yuanyong, wrote this.", "inscription_remark": "The colophon is the first among those by Yuan writers.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon 6. Kangli Zishan \u5eb7\u91cc\u5b50\u5c71 (i.e., Kangli Naonao). The colophon bears a date of 1332.\n\n\u53f3\u6eaa\u5c71\u5716\uff0c\u610f\u97fb\u856d\u7051\u3002\u4e00\u898b\u4f7f\u4eba\u6709\u70df\u971e\u4e4b\u60f3\uff0c\u771f\u53ef\u73cd\u85cf\u3002\u53c8\u6709\u25a1\u91d1\u8af8\u540d\u52dd\u984c\u8a69\u5176\u5de6\u3002\u5175\u706b\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\n\u6b8a\u4e0d\u6613\u5f97\u4e5f\u3002\n\n\u81f3\u9806\u4e09\u5e74\u66ae\u6625\u4e4b\u6708\uff0c\u5eb7\u91cc\u5b50\u5c71\u8dcb\u3002", "inscription_translation": "On the right is the painting [known as] Xi shan tu [Streams and Mountains], which is imbued with a free and leisurely air. The sight of it provokes unworldly thoughts. It is truly a painting that deserves meticulous care. To the left, there are poetic colophons by famous men from the [Song] and Jin periods. That the scroll survived the vicissitude of wars is quite fortunate indeed.", "inscription_remark": "Kangli Naonao called the painting simply Streams and Mountains. Was that the real title of the painting? Or did he simplify it just for the occasion? Zhang Daqian added the two characters \u201cwithout End,\u201d in the twentieth century. Further, Kangli may also have suggested the presence of Song colophons at the end of the scroll, prior to Wang Wenwei\u2019s. The unfortunate damage in that segment erased the character \u201cSong\u201d; thus it requires the later corroboration from Yang Mao.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon 7. Liu Zai \u5289\u8f09.\n\n\u96f2\u62c2\u57dc\u7530\u9591\u7a2e\u7389\uff0c\u96e8\u9918\u5dd6\u6e9c\u788e\u50be\u91d1\u3002\n\u5e7e\u6642\u4e5f\u7d50\u5718\u8306\u53bb\uff0c\u9e9f\u95a4\u606c\u7136\u4e0d\u6302\u5fc3\u3002\n\n\u81f3\u5143\u4e8c\u5e74\u6b63\u6708\uff0c\u9577\u5b89\u5289\u8f09\u8f09\u4e4b\u8b39\u9304\u4e0a\u3002", "inscription_translation": "Clouds sweep over the open fields where time passes leisurely in \u201cjade\u201d planting.\nAfter the rain, [glistening] rivulets run over the cliff like scattered gold.\nSomeday I wish I could build a thatched hut there.\nThe ambition in the Unicorn Halls will not weigh on my heart.\n\nIn the first month, the second year of zhiyuan (1336), I, Liu Zai, [also known as] Zaizhi of Chang\u2019an, respectfully wrote this.", "inscription_remark": "Liu Zai is the last among the Yuan writers to inscribe on this painting.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon 8. Yang Mao \u694a\u61cb (1300\u2013after 1380). \n\n\u89c0\u6b64\u5716\uff0c\u7d93\u71df\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7b46\u6cd5\u9ad8\u53e4\uff0c\u5c71\u660e\u77f3\u6f64\u3002\u5176\u6a4b\u6881\u3001\u8def\u9053\u3001\u6a39\u6797\u3001\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u9060\u8fd1\uff1b\u4e00\u4e00\u8aa0\u5f97\u771f\u5c71\u6c34\u4e4b\u6df1\u8da3\u3002\u975e\u7576\u6642\u540d\u7b46\u6709\u5927\u624d\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u81f3\u6b64\u3002\u4e0d\u5fc5\u554f\u5176\u8ab0\u4f55\uff0c\u53ef\u70ba\u795e\u54c1\u3002\u51b5\u5b8b\u91d1\u5143\u4e09\u671d\u540d\u516c\u6240\u8dcb\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u8a18\uff0c\u60f3\u5176\u4f86\u5c24\u9060\u77e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7269\u7d93\u7d2f\u8b8a\u800c\u5c1a\u5b58\uff0c\u662f\u7269\u4e4b\u6709\u58fd\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u4f59\u4e0d\u5fa9\u518d\u8ad6\u3002\u6587\u986f\u5176\u4fdd\u4e4b\u3002\u6d2a\u6b66\u5e9a\u7533\u6625\uff0c\u516b\u5341\u7fc1\u694a\u61cb\u89c0\u3002", "inscription_translation": "I have studied the composition and the design of this painting and have noticed its brushwork in the ancient manner. The mountains are bright and the rocks are moist. Far and near, the bridges, paths, trees, human figures, and other objects are clear and give the flavor of real landscape. None but the greatly talented hands of that time could have achieved this. There is no need to ask the name of the painter; the work itself can be classed in the divine order. Considering the fact that the writers of the colophons of three dynasties, Song, Jin, and Yuan, have not been able to trace the source of the painting, its origin must indeed be ancient. A work that survives age and crisis is a work with the virtue of longevity. It is not for me to make further speculations, but only to hope that Wenxian will treasure this with great care. In the spring of the gengshen year, the Hongwu era (1380), I, Yang Mao, at eighty sui [have seen this].", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon 9. Wang Duo \u738b\u9438 (1592\u20131652).\n\n\u6587\u84c0\u89aa\u7fc1\u535a\u96c5\uff0c\u6587\u8a69\u9d3b\u66a2\u3002\u820d\u5f1f\u6301\u6b64\u559c\u89c0\uff0c\u9042\u62bd\u7ba1\u984c\u6578\u8a9e\uff1a\n\u5c71\u52e2\u59d4\u6298\uff0c\u7b46\u58a8\u7121\u75d5\u3002\u5b8b\u4eba\u4e2d\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u591a\u898b\u4e5f\u3002\u8b6c\u4e4b\u5175\u5bb6\uff0c\u7576\u662f\u97d3\u767d\u3002\u738b\u9438\u3002", "inscription_translation": "My brother\u2019s relative by marriage, Wensun, is learned and has good taste. He writes good prose and poetry. My brother brought over this painting of his to show me, so I pick up a brush and write these few words:\nThe posture of the mountains is bent and complex. The brush and ink have no artificial marks. This degree of excellence is not often seen in Song paintings. Speaking in military terms, the achievement is comparable to that of the great generals Han [Xin \u97d3\u4fe1 (d. 196 BC)] and Bai [Qi \u767d\u8d77 (d. 257 BC)].", "inscription_remark": "Wensun \u6587\u84c0 is the hao [literary name] of Wang Changheng.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300427, "title": "Chinese Landscape Painting", "description": "<i>Chinese Landscape Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "<i>1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443907, "title": "Summer Mountains: the Timeless Landscape", "description": "<i>Summer Mountains: the Timeless Landscape</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 9-October 3, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202572, "title": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1954). cat. no.16.", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>La Chinese des Song. </em>Mus\u00e9e Cernushi, Paris, France (1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Chinese Paintings</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1960).", "opening_date": "1960-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Summer Mountains: The Timeless Landscape</em>. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (1976).", "opening_date": "1976-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Chen Ming \u9673\u660e [active mid-1300s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Mid-1300s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Wang Changheng \u738b\u9577\u6052 [active 1600s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1600s", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Liang Qingbiao \u6881\u6e05\u6a19 [1620\u20131691]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1600s", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Zhang Bingqian \u5f35\u79c9\u4e7e [juren of 1729]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1700s", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Qing imperial collection (seals of Emperors Qianlong, r. 1736\u20131795, Jiaqing, r. 1796\u20131820, and Xuantong, r. 1909\u20131911)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1736\u20131911?", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Ye Gongchuo \u8449\u606d\u7dbd [1881\u20131968]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "early 1900s?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Zhang Daqian \u5f35\u5927\u5343 [1899\u20131983]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "early 1900s\u2013before 1950", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(A dealer, Hong Kong, sold to Walter Hochstadter)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Giuffrida (2018), p. 203, note 33. \"Hochstadter acquired the painting from a dealer rather than directly fro Chang Dai-chien, whose seals were the most recent to be added to the painting. Surviving 1950 receipts from Hong Kong dealers J. D. Chen [Chen Rentao] \u9673\u4ec1\u6fe4 (1906-68), Wah Tung Co., and Chuen Koo Chai list sales of ink-on-silk handscrolls reputedly from the Song period that could be <em>Streams and Mountains</em> (priced at $2,500, $4,000, and $6,000, respectively).</div>"], "date": "?\u20131950", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "(Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950\u20131953", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953\u2013", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The portrayal of the distant lands is rich with details like pavilions, villages, and human activities.", "description": "Streams and Mountains without End was a landmark acquisition of 1953, made just a year after Sherman Lee had returned to Cleveland as curator of Oriental art. He acquired it with the intention to provide \"a more than adequate foundation for a fine collection of Chinese landscape painting.\" This impressive work demonstrates the culmination of stylistic developments in Chinese monumental landscape painting following the Northern Song tradition. It represents a journey through a landscape, making it a fitting metaphor for Lee\u2019s journey of discovery and achievement over a lifetime.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516241"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.126-streams-and-mountain"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman. \"Chinese Landscape Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>41, no. 9 (November 1954): 199\u2013201.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: p. 199", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141989"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 145, cat. 14; Reproduced: p. 27", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ChineseLandscape"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 853", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n151"}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no.11", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 258", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n282"}, {"citation": "Edwards, Richard. <em>Li Ti</em>. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 18, footnote 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/liti331967edwa"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 258", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n282"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 341", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n361"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 21, pp. 35\u201337", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>The Nature and Significance of the Collection of Liang Ch'ing-Piao</em>. Taipei, Taiwan: Chung-hua ming-kuo, 70 nien [1981].", "page_number": "p. 122, no. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrist, Robert E. Jr. \"'Watching Clouds Rise': A Tang Dynasty Couplet and Its Illustration in Song Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Vol. 78, No. 7 (Nov., 1991), 301\u2013323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 315, fig. 8", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161335"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 50\u201351", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Silent Poetry: A new book and focus exhibition celebrate Cleveland's outstanding collection of Chinese paintings.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 6 (November/December 2015): 7.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-06"}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 34\u201343", "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa Im. \"Cross-cultural Dialogues and Misattributions in Early Joseon Period Landscape Paintings.\" <em>Arts of Asia</em> 48, no. 3 (May-June 2018): 78-84.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giuffrida, Noelle. <em>Separating Sheep from Goats: Sherman E. Lee and Chinese Art Collecting in Postwar America</em>. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 90\u201391, fig. 51; cover; Mentioned: pp. 88\u201397, 203", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hay, Jonathan. \u201cMaking sense of <em>Xuanhe huapu</em>.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art </em>76, i. 1 (April 2026): 31\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60; Reproduced: pp. 62\u201363", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.126", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.126/1953.126_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "139", "filesize": "75890", "filename": "1953.126_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.126/1953.126_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "525", "filesize": "584573", "filename": "1953.126_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.126/1953.126_full.tif", "width": "28075", "height": "4336", "filesize": "365233716", "filename": 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"athena_id": 130361, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-04-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1100\u20131150", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Streams and Mountains without End", "Xi-shan wu chin: Streams and Mountains without End"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:44:34.265000"}, {"id": 142292, "accession_number": "1966.124", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Costumed Dancers Performing in a Garden Tavern, 1756. Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (French, 1724\u20131780). Brush and brown and gray wash, with gouache, watercolor, and traces of graphite; sheet: 19.8 x 31.3 cm (7 13/16 x 12 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1966.124", "current_location": null, "title": "Costumed Dancers Performing in a Garden Tavern", "creation_date": "1756", "creation_date_earliest": 1756, "creation_date_latest": 1756, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "brush and brown and gray wash, with gouache, watercolor, and traces of graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper, laid down on cream(1) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 19.8 x 31.3 cm (7 13/16 x 12 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.198, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.313, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower left, in brown ink: 17[60?]; lower left, in graphite: G de St Aubin [partially cut off]; verso, visible through transmitted light, lower left: [aif?]; lower left: Fragonard; lower right: 22 / [illegible] / 22; verso of secondary support, center, in graphite: N\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 222387, "title": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin", "description": "<i>Gabriel de Saint-Aubin</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (October 30, 2007-January 27, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203744, "title": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints", "description": "<i>Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 17, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>French Painting, 1100-1900</em>. Carnegie Institute, Department of Fine Arts, Pittsburgh, PA (October 18 - December 2, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Stage: A Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Public Education Association</em>. Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co, Inc., New York (April 3 - April 22, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-04-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John S. Thacher [1904-1982], Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Washington", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Listed as owner in Tietze 1947, 216. Letter in CMA curatorial files confirms that Thacher still owned the work in 1951. Most of Thacher's collection is now in the Morgan Library, New York; see Stephanie Wiles, \"The John S. Thacher Bequest,\" in Charles Ryskamp, ed. Twenty-First Report to the Fellows of the Pierpont Morgan Library 1984-1986 [New York, 1989], 311-13.</div>"], "date": "?-at least 1951", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Member of the Rothschild family", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to letter from Saemy Rosenberg, CMA archives.</div>"], "date": "?-by 1966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin reused the female dancer in another drawing from 1760.", "description": "Gabriel de Saint-Aubin was known for his rapidly executed, sketchy style, often used to depict performances and social scenes. The exaggerated lifted legs of the dancers seen here imply a comic, theatrical style; no social dance during the 18th century would have permitted such pronounced gestures, especially for a woman. Both dancers wear jackets with irregular hemlines decorated with round bells similar to those found on jesters\u2019 costumes. The lanterns and swags of flowers strung from trees and the small orchestra playing on the right suggest a guinguette, or outdoor tavern with a pleasure garden.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80041922"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.124-costumed-dancers-per"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Parker, K.T. \"Notes on Drawings: Gabriel de Saint-Aubin.\" <em>Old Master Drawings</em> 48 (March 1938): 58.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58; Reproduced: plate 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Stage: A Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Public Education Association.</em> Exh. Cat. New York: Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co., Inc., 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. <em>European Master Drawings in the United States</em>. New York: J.J. Augustin, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>French Painting, 1100-1900</em>. Exh. Cat. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Institute, 1951.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cailleux, Jean. \"An Unpublished Painting by Saint-Aubin: 'Le Bal champ\u00eatre.\" <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 102, no. 686 (May 1960): i-iv,", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. iii-iv", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Collections et collectionneurs.\" <em>La Chronique des Arts, suppl\u00e9ment \u00e0 la Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em> 1173 (October 1966): 4-6.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \"Gabriel de Saint-Aubin: F\u00eate in a Park with Costumed Dancers.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54 (September 1967): 215-218.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 215-218", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n163"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre. <em>French Master Drawings of the 17th &amp; 18th Centuries in North American Collections</em>. Translated by Catherine Johnston. Exh. Cat. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 208, no. 130; Reproduced: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carlson, Victor, Ellen D'Oench, and Richard S. Field. <em>Prints and Drawings by Gabriel De Saint-Aubin, 1724-1780</em>. Exh. Cat. Middletown, CT: Davison Art Center, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 76-77, no. 41; Reproduced: 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 183", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n203"}, {"citation": "McCullagh, Suzanne Folds. \"The Development of Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (1724-1780) as a Draughtsman.\" PhD diss., Harvard University, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 183-185; Reproduced: no. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "de Beaumont, Kim. \"Reconsidering Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (1724-1780): The Background for his Scenes of Paris.\" PhD diss., New York University, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 318-319, 336 n. 326; Reproduced: p. 724", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 112-113, p. 289, no. 42; Reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bailey, Colin B., Kim de Beaumont, Suzanne Folds McCullagh, et al. <em>Gabriel de Saint-Aubin (1724-1780)</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Frick Collection, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 49", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.124", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.124/1966.124_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "802", "filesize": "877561", "filename": "1966.124_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.124/1966.124_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2159", "filesize": "6842680", "filename": "1966.124_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.124/1966.124_full.tif", "width": "6144", "height": "3902", "filesize": "71951272", "filename": "1966.124_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. 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George Grosz (German, 1893\u20131959). Pen and brown-black ink (applied with the aid of drafting tools) and watercolor; sheet: 52.7 x 38 cm (20 3/4 x 14 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.50. \u00a9  Estate of George Grosz / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": null, "title": "Student (Costume Study for Goll's \"Methusalem\") (recto) Amalie, Ida, and Set Designs (Studies for Goll's \"Methusalem\") (verso)", "creation_date": "1922", "creation_date_earliest": 1922, "creation_date_latest": 1922, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Berlin, 20th century"], "technique": "Pen and brown-black ink (applied with the aid of drafting tools) and watercolor", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - German", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 52.7 x 38 cm (20 3/4 x 14 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.527, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.38, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Estate of George Grosz / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "upper right, in graphite: 6; by artist upper left, in brown ink: Dort kann er knacken und klirren beim sprechen [sideways along edge]; by artist, upper left, near figure's shoulder, in brown ink: Dampf / beim sprechen / von Zeit zu Zeit / aufzischen; by artist, upper left, below previous inscription, in brown ink: Z\u00e4hne gleich / alten / Klaviertasten; by artist, lower right in brown ink: Kopf Maske/aufgeklappt / gro\u00dfes Talglicht mit / aufmontierte elektr. Birne /als Licht, von beleuchter; by artist, lower right, in brown ink: Student [underlined twice]; by artist, lower right, below previous inscription: F\u00fc\u00dfe Riesen/streichholz/schachteln; lower left, in graphite: 38; by artist, bottom right, in graphite: No [\"o\" underlined twice] 16) zu Goll \"Methusalem\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361640, "title": "Dada Revisited", "description": "<i>Dada Revisited</i>. Akron Art Museum (organizer).", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443875, "title": "Tendencies of the Twenties", "description": "<i>Tendencies of the Twenties</i>. Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin 19, Germany (August 14, 1977-October 16, 1978); St\u00e4del Museum, Franfurt am Main, Germany (November 10, 1977-January 8, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-08-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361641, "title": "Dada and Surrealism Reviewed", "description": "<i>Dada and Surrealism Reviewed</i>. Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 11-March 27, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443370, "title": "Dada Revisited", "description": "<i>Dada Revisited</i>. Akron Art Museum, Akron, OH (organizer) (June 30-September 15, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-06-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361642, "title": "DADA: Berlin, Cologne, Hannover", "description": "<i>DADA: Berlin, Cologne, Hannover</i>. The Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, Boston, MA (November 5, 1980-January 4, 1981); Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (March 3-April 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304520, "title": "Art and the Stage", "description": "<i>Art and the Stage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 22-August 16, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-05-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361643, "title": "Robots: History, Fantasy, & Reality", "description": "<i>Robots: History, Fantasy, & Reality</i>. Madison Museum of Contemporary Art, Madison, WI (organizer) (December 1-January 19, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-12-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310264, "title": "Cross Section: Graphic Art in Germany after the First World War", "description": "<i>Cross Section: Graphic Art in Germany after the First World War</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 10, 1989-January 7, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-10-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311557, "title": "The German Tradition", "description": "<i>The German Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-June 27, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 299699, "title": "Graphic Discontent: German Expressionism on Paper", "description": "<i>Graphic Discontent: German Expressionism on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 14-May 27, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-01-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>George Grosz. </em>Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (January - February 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Galerien Flechtheim, Berlin/D\u00fcsseldorf)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->according to old label</div>"], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Eugene Victor Thaw, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "George Grosz's interest in mechanization extended to his drawing practice: he used drafting tools, like a straight-edge and compass, to execute works such as this one.", "description": "<em>Student</em> belongs to a series of drawings George Grosz made for Iwan Goll\u2019s 1921 play <em>Methusalem: The Eternal Bourgeois.</em> This satirical drama pitted a radical student against Methusalem, a bourgeois capitalist. Grosz\u2019s drawing shows the student\u2019s costume; the actor would have spoken from behind a full-size, mask-like shield made from various machine parts and other commonplace objects. The hinged metal head reveals the inner workings of a corrupt or incompetent mind. In Grosz\u2019s characterization, neither the radical student nor the bourgeois capitalist was more righteous than the other. Grosz was an outlier to Expressionism, rejecting the idea of the artist as mystical prophet in favor of the artist as an ordinary worker, an idea inspired by the socialist rhetoric of the day.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80042971"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Baur, John Ireland Howe. <em>George Grosz</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 16-17, no. 36; Reproduced: p. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 7 (September 1966): 181\u2013284.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241; Mentioned: p. 283, no. 116", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Rubin, William S. <em>Dada and Surrealist Art</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: plate 76", "url": null}, {"citation": "West, Richard. \"Figure for Yvan Goll's Methusalem.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 4 (April 1968): 90-94.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 90-94; Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Ashton, Dore. \"A Planned Coincidence.\" <em>Art in America</em> 57 (September-October 1969): 36-47.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 40-41", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Tendenzen der Zwanziger Jahre</em>. Exh. Cat. Berlin: Akademie der K\u00fcnste, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3, p. 261; Reproduced: p. 3, p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ades, Dawn. <em>Dada and Surrealism Reviewed</em>. Exh. Cat. London: Hayward Gallery, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wohl, Helmut. <em>DADA: Berlin, Cologne, Hannover</em>. Exh. Cat. Boston: Institute of Contemporary Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 12, p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Breitman, Ellen. <em>Art and the Stage</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 29, no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeShong, Alan. <em>The Theatrical Designs of George Grosz</em>. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 43; Reproduced: plate 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Webb, Michael. \"The Robots Are Here! The Robots Are Here!\" <em>Design Quarterly, </em>no. 121 (1983): 4-21.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 11; Reproduced: p. 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "Myers, Trent. <em>Robots: History, Fantasy, &amp; Reality</em>. Exh. Cat. Madison, WI: Madison Art Center, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 3, insert", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taylor, Sue and Richard A. Born. <em>The David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art: A Guide to the Collection</em>. New York: Hudson Hills Press, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 246-47, 297; Reproduced: P. 247-248, cat. no. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 65, no. 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Smithers, Laura E., Heidi Fischer, and Faith A. Watrous. Impact/Impasse : Revaluing University Classroom Life. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.50", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Contemporary Collection of The Cleveland Museum of Art", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142806, "creators": [{"id": 12615, "description": "George Grosz (German, 1893\u20131959)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1893", "death_year": "1959", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-01-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1922, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1922", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Student (Study for Goll's Methusalem)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:22.894000"}, {"id": 117026, "accession_number": "1937.571", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Divertimento per li Regazzi (Entertainment for Children): The Game of Bowls, 1797\u20131804. Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash, over traces of black chalk; framing lines in brown ink over graphite on antique laid paper; image: 29.7 x 41.6 cm (11 11/16 x 16 3/8 in.); sheet: 35.5 x 47.3 cm (14 x 18 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1937.571", "current_location": null, "title": "The Game of Bowls", "series": "Divertimento per li Regazzi (Entertainment for Children)", "creation_date": "1797\u20131804", "creation_date_earliest": 1797, "creation_date_latest": 1804, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash, over traces of black chalk; framing lines in brown ink over graphite on antique laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image: 29.7 x 41.6 cm (11 11/16 x 16 3/8 in.); Sheet: 35.5 x 47.3 cm (14 x 18 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.355, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.473, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "image": {"height": 0.297, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.416, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in brown ink: Dom\u00b0. Tiepolo f ; upper left, in brown ink: 20 ; upper left, in graphite: o ; lower right, in graphite: 20 [sideways] ; VERSO, upper right, in blue crayon: 3", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346109, "title": "Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 4-March 26, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443086, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings", "description": "<i>Domenico Tiepolo's Punchinello Drawings</i>. Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (organizer) (September 2-October 6, 1979); Stanford University Museum of Art, Stanford, CA (November 13-December 30, 1979); Frick Collection, New York, NY (January 22-March 30, 1980).", "opening_date": "1979-09-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304544, "title": "The Tiepolos and Their World", "description": "<i>The Tiepolos and Their World</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309878, "title": "Venice as City and Theater", "description": "<i>Venice as City and Theater</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-April 21, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 212345, "title": "Domenico Tiepolo: Master Draftsman", "description": "<i>Domenico Tiepolo: Master Draftsman</i>. Civici Musei e Gallerie di Storia ed Arte, Castello, Udine (September 14-December 31, 1996); Indiana University Art Museum, Bloomington, IN (January 15-March 9, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-09-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 224778, "title": "Comicity and Caricature in Tiepolo's Art", "description": "<i>Comicity and Caricature in Tiepolo's Art</i>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy (September 3-December 5, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-09-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "<i>Imagination in the Age of Reason</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Baltimore Museum of Art, The Age of Elegance: Rococo and Its Effect (Apr. 25-June 14, 1959), no. 223.", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"End of Continuous Exhibition of CMA Old Master Drawings in Director's Corridor in Old Bldg.\" (closed Mar. 13, 1957).", "opening_date": "1957-03-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, installed, director's corridor (Oct. 19, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-10-19T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Five Centuries of Drawings (Oct. 15-Nov. 15, 1953), no. 67.", "opening_date": "1953-10-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (rearranged: Jan. 21, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-01-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (June 30-Dec. 8, 1950; rehung Jan. 8, 1951, \"with small changes\").", "opening_date": "1950-06-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (May. 14, 1946- ).", "opening_date": "1946-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Drawings from the Collection\" (July 27, 1944- ).", "opening_date": "1944-07-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Paintings and Drawings from the Collection\" (Dec. 14, 1943-Jan. 4, 1944).", "opening_date": "1943-12-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (hung Oct. 13, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-10-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "San Francisco?, Golden Gate International Exposition (May 25-Sep. 29, 1940), no. 499.--NOTE: from Reg. file: \"in a separate cat., \"Master Drawings,\" this is no. 100 (illus.)--publ. Art News (20 May 1939)\"--", "opening_date": "1940-05-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (Mar. 12-Apr. 21, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-03-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, \"Life of Pulcinella\" Series (Mar. 30-Apr. 30, 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-03-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, Drawings by Old and Modern Masters from the Collection (June 21-Sep. 30, 1938).", "opening_date": "1938-06-21T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "[Sotheby's, London, 6 July 1920, lot 41]; [Colnaghi & Co.]; Richard Owen, Paris (all Udine & Bloomington, 1996, p. 216, no. 155; see departmental card for 1937.569). Italico Brass, Venice (according to departmental card)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This drawing is part of a larger series that depicts the life of Punchinello, a clown-like character derived from Italian popular theater.", "description": "Here, Punchinello characters sporting their signature conical hats and hooked-nosed masks compete against a group of men in a lively game of bocce,an Italian bowling game<em>.</em> While their exaggerated movements infuse the drawing with a sense of whimsy, the massive prison fortress behind them suggests surveillance and control. Although not overtly political, this detail may allude to Venice\u2019s fall to the French in 1797, which led to a ban on the commedia dell\u2019arte, Italy\u2019s popular theater tradition with its mocking Punchinellos.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746858"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1937.571-the-game-of-bowls"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Six Drawings from the Life of Pulcinella by the younger Tiepolo.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 4 (April 1938): 46-49.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 48; Reproduced: p. 51", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138005"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 575", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n107"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1937.571", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.571/1937.571_web.jpg", "width": "1190", "height": "893", "filesize": "228503", "filename": "1937.571_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.571/1937.571_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2551", "filesize": "1865394", "filename": "1937.571_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1937.571/1937.571_full.tif", "width": "7193", "height": "5397", "filesize": "116483920", "filename": "1937.571_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117026, "creators": [{"id": 1185, "description": "Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (Italian, 1727\u20131804)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1804", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1937-12-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1797, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1797\u20131804", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:04:51.575000"}, {"id": 140413, "accession_number": "1964.357", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Altarpiece with Relics, c. 1735\u201340. Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760), and Workshop. Gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper; overall: 165.1 x 108 x 20 cm (65 x 42 1/2 x 7 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1964.357", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Altarpiece with Relics", "creation_date": "c. 1735\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1735, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Germany, Bavaria, 18th century"], "technique": "gilded wood, with relics in niches: gilded wood, mother-of-pearl, ebony, red silk, gold wire, seed pearls, rock crystal, pen and ink on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 165.1 x 108 x 20 cm (65 x 42 1/2 x 7 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.651, "height_inch": 65, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 1.08, "width_inch": 42, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.2, "depth_inch": 7, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Private collection, Styria, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. Kurt Rossacher (1918-1988), Salzburg, Austria, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1964", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1964-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "G\u00f6tz covers every surface in gold leaf, giving each part of the object equal importance, rather than simply framing a central picture. In this distinctively Central European approach, figural narrative is subordinate to the overall ensemble. G\u00f6tz designed this object to rest on top of an altar, probably in front of a larger painted or sculpted decorative scheme. The work contains relics seen through the small windows on the perimeter. These small remains of holy figures demonstrate the persistence of a medieval Catholic tradition well into the 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763587"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.357-altarpiece-with-reli"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n173"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry. \"An Austrian Alterpiece.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LIII</em>, no. 12 (December, 1966): 361-366.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 360,362, front and back covers", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152126"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1426"}, {"citation": "\"Art - The Cleveland's Golden Show,\" <em>Newsweek </em>(September 12, 1966).", "page_number": "p. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 7 (1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Referenced: cat. no. 7. Reproduced: p. 221", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110."}, {"citation": "Wolfgang Stechow, \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>ARTnews </em>(September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44; reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Burton, Richard. \u201cFifty Years of the Cleveland, Some Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\u201d <em>Connoisseur</em> 163 (October 1966): 128\u201335.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 132-133", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201c\u2018Golden Anniversary\u2019 Acquisitions by the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine</em> 108, no. 764 (November 1966): 573\u2013577.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 579, fig. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 176", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 149", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n173"}, {"citation": "M\u00f6ller, Lise, and Christian Theuerkauff. \"S\u00fcddeutschland, Passau oder Ober\u00f6sterreich, Um 1730, Hausaltar.\" In <em>Die Bildwerke des 18. Jahrhunderts.</em> Christian Theuerkauff, and Lise Lotte Mo\u0308ller, 3eds., 36-39. Braunschweig: Klinkhardt und Biermann, 1977.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n185"}, {"citation": "Diemer, Claudia. <em>Georg Raphael Donner: die Reliefs : </em>Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophisch-Historischen Fakulta\u0308t der Ruprecht-Karl-Universita\u0308t zu Heidelberg. Nu\u0308rnberg, Germany: [publisher not identified], 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192; Mentioned: p. 282-283", "url": null}, {"citation": "Baum, Elfriede. <em>Katalog des O\u0308sterreichischen Barockmuseums im Unteren Belvedere in Wien</em>. Vienna, Austria: Herold, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heisig, Alexander. <em>Joseph Matthias Go\u0308tz: (1696-1760) : Barockskulptur in Bayern und O\u0308sterreich</em>. Regensburg, Germany: Schnell + Steiner, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 348-349", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 191", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.357", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_web.jpg", "width": "729", "height": "893", "filesize": "121976", "filename": "1964.357_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_print.jpg", "width": "2776", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1418859", "filename": "1964.357_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6112", "filesize": "91573080", "filename": "1964.357_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "143659"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2545", 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"filesize": "380772"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "1796", "height": "2681", "filesize": "1208769"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.357/1964.357_alt8_full.tif", "width": "1796", "height": "2681", "filesize": "14468936"}, "date_created": "2010-06-23T13:45:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140413, "creators": [{"id": 12755, "description": "Joseph Matthias G\u00f6tz (German, 1696\u20131760)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1760", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 34768, "description": "Workshop", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1735, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["House Altarpiece"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:12:47.350000"}, {"id": 162623, "accession_number": "2003.225", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of King Louis XIII of France, 1611. Frans Pourbus (Flemish, 1569\u20131622). Oil on canvas; framed: 186.7 x 122.4 x 6.3 cm (73 1/2 x 48 3/16 x 2 1/2 in.); unframed: 159.3 x 95.3 cm (62 11/16 x 37 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 2003.225", "current_location": "212 Baroque Painting and Sculpture", "title": "Portrait of King Louis XIII of France", "creation_date": "1611", "creation_date_earliest": 1611, "creation_date_latest": 1611, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Flemish", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 186.7 x 122.4 x 6.3 cm (73 1/2 x 48 3/16 x 2 1/2 in.); Unframed: 159.3 x 95.3 cm (62 11/16 x 37 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.867, "height_inch": 73, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.224, "width_inch": 48, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.063, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 1.593, "height_inch": 62, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.953, "width_inch": 37, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed with the monogram lower right: F.P. FACIEBAT.  Inscribed middle right:  AN\u00b0 SAL. 1611. AETA'. SVAE. A\u00b0. 10.  Inscribed with inventory number lower left 783.  Inscribed on the reverse, on a hand written label:  brought back from Rome by J. W. Brigstocke of Carmarthen.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 292699, "title": "Artlens Exhibition 2017", "description": "<i>Artlens Exhibition 2017</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24, 2017-May 29, 2019).", "opening_date": "2017-06-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marie de Medici", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1610    ", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Philippe III of Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "W. J. Brigstocke of Carmarten", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Josiah Wedgwood III (1795-1880) of Leith Hill Place, Surrey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Margaret Wedgwood (1843-1937), wife of Rev. Arthur Charles Vaughan-Williams (1834-1875)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Vaughan-Williams family of Tanhurst House, Leith Hill, Surrey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Mark Weiss", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2002    ", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Commissioned in 1610 by Marie de Medici", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Philippe III of Spain", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "W. J. Brigstocke of Carmarten", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Josiah Wedgwood III (1795-1880) of Leith Hill Place, Surrey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "By inheritance to Margaret Wedgwood (1843-1937), wife of Rev. Arthur Charles Vaughan-Williams (1834-1875)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "By inheritanace to the Vaughan-Williams family of Tanhurst House, Leith Hill, Surrey", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "Acquired at the hotel Drouot in 2002 by Mark Weiss", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "The Weiss Gallery, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 15}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "While the color pink has feminine associations now, it was commonly worn by girls and boys alike in the 1600s.", "description": "Although ten-year-old Louis XIII was king of France, his mother Marie de\u2019 Medici remained in power until the boy officially came of age. Pourbus inscribed the sitter\u2019s age and the painting\u2019s year in the composition: \u201cThe holy year 1611 at his age of 10 years.\u201d Marie de\u2019 Medici commissioned this work as she negotiated marriages for her two children to Philip III of Spain and Mary Marguerite of Austria, alliances that led to the European domination of the next two centuries by the Bourbon and Habsburg families.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60479590"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2003.225-portrait-of-king-lou"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2003.225", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_web.jpg", "width": "529", "height": "893", "filesize": "372429", "filename": "2003.225_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_print.jpg", "width": "2016", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5072145", "filename": "2003.225_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_full.tif", "width": "3600", "height": "6072", "filesize": "65612004", "filename": "2003.225_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "546", "height": "893", "filesize": "343264"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2078", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5513175"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3821", "height": "6252", "filesize": "71699604"}, "date_created": "2009-06-30T13:08:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "608", "height": "893", "filesize": "443892"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2315", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6162994"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4435", "height": "6514", "filesize": "86704476"}, "date_created": "2009-05-18T16:54:56", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "538", "height": "893", "filesize": "379030"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4527488"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2003.225/2003.225_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3012", "height": "5000", "filesize": "45208448"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Reinberger Gallery", "athena_id": 162623, "creators": [{"id": 45777, "description": "Frans Pourbus (Flemish, 1569\u20131622)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1569", "death_year": "1622", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2003-12-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1611, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1611", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Louis XIII (1601-1643) as a Child"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:26:36.119000"}, {"id": 163448, "accession_number": "2004.30", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Cleveland Apollo: Apollo Sauroktonos (Lizard-Slayer) or Apollo the Python-Slayer, c. 350\u2013200 BCE. Attributed to Praxiteles (Greek, Athenian, c. 400\u2013330 BCE), or Follower. Bronze, copper, and stone inlay; base: 0.5 x 47.3 x 40.7 cm (3/16 x 18 5/8 x 16 in.); overall: 150 x 50.3 x 66.8 cm (59 1/16 x 19 13/16 x 26 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 2004.30", "current_location": "100 1916 Lobby", "title": "The Cleveland Apollo: Apollo Sauroktonos (Lizard-Slayer) or Apollo the Python-Slayer", "creation_date": "c. 350\u2013200 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -360, "creation_date_latest": -190, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Greece, Athens"], "technique": "bronze, copper, and stone inlay", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Base: 0.5 x 47.3 x 40.7 cm (3/16 x 18 5/8 x 16 in.); Overall: 150 x 50.3 x 66.8 cm (59 1/16 x 19 13/16 x 26 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.5, "height_inch": 59, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.503, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.668, "depth_inch": 26, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "base": {"height": 0.005, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.473, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.407, "depth_inch": 16, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "installed": {"height": 1.5, "height_inch": 59, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.605, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.395, "depth_inch": 15, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 200579, "title": "Praxiteles: The Cleveland Apollo", "description": "<i>Praxiteles: The Cleveland Apollo</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 29, 2013-January 5, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-09-29T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ernst-Ulrich Walter, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "[Phoenix Ancient Art, 2004]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2004", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2004-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 86403, "description": "Apollo (Ascendant), 2018. Michael Loderstedt (American, b. 1958). Color screenprint on Rives BFK paper; image: 76 x 30.2 cm (29 15/16 x 11 7/8 in.); sheet: 76.8 x 57 cm (30 1/4 x 22 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 2019.247", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Cleveland Apollo is the only surviving large-scale bronze sculpture of its type, Apollo Sauroktonos (the Lizard-Slayer).", "description": "The Cleveland Apollo has been called both Lizard-Slayer (<em>Sauroktonos</em>) and Python-Slayer. The first name comes from the Roman author Pliny the Elder (23\u201379 CE), who noted in describing bronze works made by the Athenian sculptor Praxiteles (active around 370\u2013330 BCE), \u201cthe youthful Apollo [is] known as the Sauroktonos because he is aiming an arrow at a lizard [Greek <em>sauros</em>] which is stealing toward him.\u201d<br><br>Scholars have long connected this description with artworks showing the young Greek god Apollo in a distinctive pose and hairstyle, standing on his right leg and leaning to his left. In more completely preserved versions, Apollo reaches toward a tree with his left arm and seems to take aim at a lizard. The Cleveland Apollo shows the adolescent god similarly posed and coiffed, making it an important addition to the Apollo Sauroktonos group\u2014the only surviving large-scale bronze sculpture of the type. The young Greek god Apollo, identifiable by his distinctive hairstyle and pose, stands on his right leg and leans to his left, probably toward a now-lost tree. Although now separated, the left forearm and hand survive, together with an unusual lizard-like creature, perhaps drawn from the world of myth. A flat bronze base also remains, though it may be a later adaptation. A tree or other support has been lost, probably smaller than in the marble versions. <br><br>Given its material and very high artistic quality\u2014note the lifelike hair, fingernails, and inlaid copper lips and nipples\u2014more than one scholar has suggested that the Cleveland Apollo could be the very sculpture seen by Pliny. Some have called the sculpture \u201cPython-Slayer,\u201d seeing the oddly shaped serpentine creature with asymmetrical legs as the mythical Python killed by Apollo in establishing his sanctuary at Delphi. But technical details may explain some of the asymmetry, and no other specific evidence connects it to Delphi. Most scholars would retain the name Sauroktonos (Lizard-Slayer) for the Cleveland Apollo, even as some debate whether it was made by Praxiteles himself or a later follower.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680075"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2004.30-apollo-the-python-sl", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2004.30-the-cleveland-apollo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Original, copie, repr\u00e9sentation antique? Quleques consid\u00e9rations sur les images d'Apollo Sauroktonos,\" in eds. Colloque international sur les bronzes antiques, Cris\u0327an Muc\u0327et\u0327eanu, Lucia Teposu Marinescu, Christina S\u0327tirbulescu, and Valentin Bottez, <em>The Antique bronzes typology, chronology, authenticity : the acta of the 16the International Congress of Antique Bronzes organised by the Romanian National History Museum, Bucharest, May 26th-31st 2003 </em>(Bucharest: Cetatea de Scaun, 2004), pp. 301-304.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bennett, Michael. \"The Cleveland Apollo.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>44, no. 7 (September 2004): 4-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 4-5, Cover", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-07/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\"Acquisitions of the year,\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine of Art and Antiques.</em> (December 2004).", "page_number": "p. 51 (ill.).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Donley, Greg. \"Five Years.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 1 (May/June 2005): 3-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-05/page/2/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\"Major Acquisitions 2000-2005.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 45, no. 6 (July/August 2005): 6-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2005-06/page/6/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Brand, Arthur. <em>Het verboden Judas-evangelie en de schat van Carchemish. </em>Soesterberg: Aspekt, 2006.", "page_number": "p. 140, fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Praxite\u0300le</em>. Paris: Socie\u0301te\u0301 franc\u0327aise de promotion artistique, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 207, fig. 126a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laugier, Ludovic. \"Praxit\u00e8le et la Polychromie,\" <em>Dossier de l'Art</em>, no. 139 (March 2007)", "page_number": "p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Lucian. \"Louvre will not show Cleveland Apollo.\" <em>The Art Newspaper</em> vol. XVI no. 178 (March 2007)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Flescher, Sharon, \"Cleveland Museum Returns 14 Works To Italy,\" <em>IFAR Journal</em> vol. 11 (9), 2009", "page_number": "p. 7, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barbillon, Claire, and Sophie Mouquin.<em> E\u0301crire la sculpture: de l'antiquite\u0301 a\u0300 Louise Bourgeois : une anthologie.</em> Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2011.", "page_number": "p. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. \"Praxiteles' Apollo and Pliny's \"Lizard Slayer.\"\" <em>Source: Notes in the History of Art </em>31:2 (Winter 2012)", "page_number": "p.4, fig. 1A", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "pp. 38-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bennett, Michael J. 2013. <em>Praxiteles: The Cleveland Apollo.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Brinkmann, Vinzenz. <em>Zuru\u0308ck zur Klassik: ein neuer Blick auf das Alte Griechenland : eine Ausstellung der Liebieghaus Skulpturensammlung, Frankfurt am Main, 8. Februar bis 26. Mai 2013. </em>Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2013.", "page_number": "Abb. 230, p. 222 ; Abb. 234, p. 224 ; Abb. 242, p. 226 ; Abb. 243, p. 227 ; Abb. 247, p. 229 ; p. 214", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gill, David. Context Matters 'The Cleveland Apollo Goes Public' <em>The Journal of Art Crime</em> 10 (Fall 2013): 71-75.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71-75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 53 no. 05, September/October 2013", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: Cover-2, 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-05"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 83", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Snyder, Colleen. \"Apollo in the Lab.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>54, no. 5 (September/October 2014): 16-18.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 16-18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-05/page/16/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Snyder, Colleen, Ernst Pernicka, and Peter Northover. \"The Cleveland Apollo: Recent Research and Revelations.\" In <em>Colloque International Sur les Bronzes Antiques. Artistry in Bronze: The Greeks and Their Legacy: XIX International Congress on Ancient Bronzes</em>, Jens Daehner, Kenneth D. S. Lapatin, and Ambra Spinelli, eds., 329-340. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum and the Getty Conservation Institute, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 329-340", "url": "http://www.getty.edu/publications/artistryinbronze/conservation-and-analysis/40-northover/"}, {"citation": "Daehner, Jens and Kenneth D. S. Lapatin. <em>Power and Pathos: Bronze Sculpture of the Hellenistic World. </em>Firenze : Giunti, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 24-26, fig. 1.6;", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stephen Ongpin Fine Art, and Stephen Ongpin. <em>Renaissance to Futurism: A Selection of Italian Drawings, 1500-1920.</em> 2015, 6.", "page_number": "Mentioned in notes section, No. 2, Note 1 (unpagenated)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Todisco, Luigi. <em>Prassitele di Atene: scultore e bronzista del IV secolo.</em> Roma: Giorgio Bretschneider editore, 2017. TAV. XII", "page_number": "Reoroduced: TAV. XII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Angelicoussis, Elizabeth, Daniella Ben-Arie, and Andrew F Stewart. 2017. <em>Reconstructing the Lansdowne Collection of Classical Marbles. </em>Edited by Gerard M.-F Hill. Munich: Hirmer.", "page_number": "Pp. 113-117, Fig. 13.10.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neils, Jennifer. \u201cPraxiteles to Caravaggio: The <em>Apollo Sauroktonos</em> Redefined.\u201d <em>Art Bulletin </em>99, no. 4 (December 2017): 10-30.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 13-14, fig. 7; P. 18, fig. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Childs, William A. P. <em>Greek Art and Aesthetics in the Fourth Century B.C</em>. Princeton, NJ: Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University, in association with Princeton University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 195; Reproduced: p. [439] pl. # 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stewart, Peter. \"Ancient Greek Artists and Texts: Loss and Re-Creation,\" 47-58. Catherine M. Draycott, Rubina Raja, Katherine E. Welch, and William T. Wootton. <em>Visual Histories of the Classical World: Essays in Honour of R.R.R. Smith</em>. Turnhout : Brepols, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51, fig. 4.2' Mentioned: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isacker, Philip van, and Helen Simpson. De Sculptura: Reflections on Sculpture. Ghent : Mer. B&amp;L, imprint of Borgerhoff &amp; Lamberigts, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 207, fig. 168", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pevnick, Seth and Colleen Snyder. \"Shedding New Light on an Ancient Bronze Figure: Ongoing Research on the Cleveland Apollo\" <em>CMA Thinker on Medium</em> (June 16 2022).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://medium.com/cma-thinker/shedding-new-light-on-an-ancient-bronze-figure-b21ad979a99f"}, {"citation": "Pevnick, S. and C. Snyder. 2024. \"New Research on the Cleveland Apollo,\" in Bartus, D. \u2013 Mr\u00e1v, Zs. \u2013 Szab\u00f3, M. (eds): <em>Proceedings of the XXIst International Congress on Ancient Bronzes. 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"death_year": "-330", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 314119, "description": "Follower", "extent": null, "qualifier": "or", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2004-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -360, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 350\u2013200 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": "The surviving bronze sculpture comprises 6\u201310 originally cast sections of the main figure. The creature and base represent separate castings, and the right hand may have also been cast separately. Together with the tree or other support, now missing, there may have been an original larger total of 15 or more cast sections. These separately cast sections were attached with bronze fusion welds, where molten bronze was poured between the two pieces to join. One of these joins is easily seen on the right foot, where two ovals are visible on the top surface. Other evidence of ancient manufacture includes chaplet or core pin holes, most visible in the hair of the figure but also seen throughout the body on radiographs and the interior. The hair has additional visible tool marks, which demonstrate that sharp tools were used after casting to refine the lines indicating strands of hair. The head includes eyeholes for separately made eyes, and the right has been called ancient. When viewed from the interior of the head with a borescope, the eye is held in place with split bronze tabs. The eye has a carved circular depression in the center that would have held a separate inlay for the iris and pupil. Separately inlaid material was also used to create the lips and nipples, which are composed of a high-purity copper that has been hammered into shallowly cut channels. Scientific analyses have shown that all the sections of the original sculpture were composed of a high-lead, low-tin bronze, and all the parts were cast from the same melt, including the base plate and creature. Based on metallographic analyses, the sculpture appears to have been exposed to intense temperatures in the past, such as a fire, and this may be responsible for some of the damages visible today, such as the protruding area of metal on the right calf. Other notable areas of post-manufacture damage include the deformation and fragmentation of the right side of the torso, the large dent in the right thigh, and some gouges on the right arm and shoulder. The sculpture was reconstructed in the 1990s or early 2000s based on received modern history and analysis of restoration materials. Radiographs show clearly that the sculpture has been broken into dozens of fragments, and those fragments appear to have been largely reconstructed with tinted resin bulked with fiberglass. Additional materials used for reconstruction include plaster, wire mesh, and an internal armature composed of acrylic and steel rods. Research on Apollo continues with other forms of analysis and the creation of 3-D models to help better understand the original appearance and history of this sculpture.", "has_conservation_images": true, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Apollo Sauroktonos (Lizard-Slayer)"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:10.931000"}, {"id": 133313, "accession_number": "1955.684", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Athlete Making an Offering, c. 450\u2013425 BCE. Greece, probably from workshop of Locri or Tarentum, Classical Period. Bronze (hollow cast); overall: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.); without tang: 19.8 cm (7 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1955.684", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Athlete Making an Offering", "creation_date": "c. 450\u2013425 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -450, "creation_date_latest": -425, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, probably from workshop of Locri or Tarentum, Classical Period"], "technique": "bronze (hollow cast)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.); without tang: 19.8 cm (7 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "without tang": {"height": 0.198, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The missing right arm and hand of this athlete were cast separately and attached.", "description": "Standing in a classic contrapposto pose, with one leg straight and weight-bearing, the other bent and relaxed, this athlete pauses after victory. He turns his head gently, looking down to make an offering with his lost right hand. At the sites of their victories and in their home cities, champion athletes were often honored with such sculptures, glorifying the strength and beauty of the male form at both small and large scale.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749753"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.684-athlete-making-an-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"A Bronze from the Age of Pericles.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 46, no. 2 (1959): 19-24.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142320."}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5-6; Plate 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n9"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Art Museum and Antiquity: Collection at Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Apollo: The International Magazine for Collectors</em> 78 (December 1963): 435\u201346.", "page_number": "Discussed p. 440, Ill. p. 441, fig. 7.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n45"}, {"citation": "Alsop, Joseph.  \"Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Art in America</em> (May-June 1966). Mentioned, ill., p. 33.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Ridgway, Brunilde Sismondo. \"A Greek Head of the Severe Period.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56, no. 3 (1969): 121-26.", "page_number": "Ill., p. 126, fig. 8.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152264"}, {"citation": "Hoffmann, Herbert. <em>Collecting Greek Antiquities.</em> New York: C.N. Potter, 1971.", "page_number": "Ill. p. 71, fig. 62.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Kranz, P. \"Ein Zeugnis lokrischer Toreutik im Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Mitteilungen des Deutschen Arch\u00e4ologischen Instituts, R\u00f6mische Abteilung</em> 85 (1978): 209-255, pl. 101-104, 106.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \"A Horseman from Tarentum.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 9 (1981): 331-38.", "page_number": "Ill., p. 331, fig. 1.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159745."}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., David Gordon Mitten, and Suzannah Fabing. <em>The Gods Delight: The Human Figure in Classical Bronze. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Pp. 95-98, cat. 12.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n24"}, {"citation": "Hurwit, Jeffrey M. \"The Doryphoros: Looking Backward\" in Moon, Warren G., ed.<em> Polykleitos, the Doryphoros, and Tradition</em>. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI. 1995. pp. 3-18.", "page_number": "Fig. 1.9, referenced p.10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer, Stephen V Tracy, and Stephen V Tracy. 2003. <em>Tonathenethenathlon : The Games at Athens.</em> Excavations of the Athenian Agora. Picture Book, No. 25. Athens, Greece: American School of Classical Studies at Athens.", "page_number": "Ill. p. 32, fig. 31.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.684", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_web.jpg", "width": "564", "height": "893", "filesize": "228090", "filename": "1955.684_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_print.jpg", "width": "2148", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3807416", "filename": "1955.684_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_full.tif", "width": "4012", "height": "6350", "filesize": "76462436", "filename": "1955.684_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "536", "height": "893", "filesize": "197392"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2041", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3332968"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3871", "height": "6448", "filesize": "74912760"}, "date_created": "2008-04-22T19:23:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "502", "height": "893", "filesize": "188792"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1910", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3178861"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3564", "height": "6344", "filesize": "67861368"}, "date_created": "2008-04-22T19:39:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "525", "height": "893", "filesize": "204435"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1999", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3374301"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.684/1955.684_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3730", "height": "6344", "filesize": "71021672"}, "date_created": "2008-04-22T19:29:29", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133313, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-12-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -450, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 450\u2013425 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:51:11.198000"}, {"id": 145925, "accession_number": "1971.137", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Funerary Portrait of a Young Girl, c. 25\u201337 CE. Egypt, Roman Empire, late Tiberian. Encaustic on linden wood; overall: 39.4 x 17.4 cm (15 1/2 x 6 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1971.137", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Funerary Portrait of a Young Girl", "creation_date": "c. 25\u201337 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 25, "creation_date_latest": 37, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Roman Empire, late Tiberian"], "technique": "encaustic on linden wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Greco-Roman", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 39.4 x 17.4 cm (15 1/2 x 6 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.394, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.174, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301427, "title": "Year in Review: 1971", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1971</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1971-February 6, 1972).", "opening_date": "1971-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 521317, "title": "Africa & Byzantium", "description": "<i>Africa & Byzantium</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (April 14-July 21, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-11-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Hawara, Egypt", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This painting can be dated based on the hairstyle popular at the end of the reign of Emperor Tiberius (reigned 14\u201337 CE).", "description": "Transforming the spirit\u2014not beautifying the mortal body\u2014may have been the purpose of adding golden lips and jewelry to this painting. Egyptian-style burial customs and arts persisted throughout Greek, Roman, and Byzantine rule over Egypt (305 BCE\u2013641 CE). The woman depicted in this panel lived between cultures. Her or her family\u2019s choice of mummification reflected historical Egyptian practices of creating a physical \u201cduplicate\u201d for the deceased\u2019s soul to rest in, and their decision to color her lips gold here may symbolize how death transformed her into an akh (effective spirit). In contrast, the choice of her clothing and hairstyle showed her embrace of contemporary ideals of Hellenic (Greco-Roman) Egyptian identity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60471850"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.137-funerary-portrait-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Kirby, Daniel P. et al. \u201cCharacterization of an unusual coating on funerary portraits from Roman Egypt circa 100\u2013300AD.\u201d <em>Heritage Science</em> 11, 1 (2023).", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369968739_Characterization_of_an_unusual_coating_on_funerary_portraits_from_Roman_Egypt_circa_100-300AD"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1971.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 1 (1972).", "page_number": "No. 4, Illus. p. 5", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152412"}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \"Portraits from Roman Egypt.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 2 (Feb. 1972).", "page_number": "pp. 51-52, fig. 1 and cover", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152416"}, {"citation": "<em>La Chronique des Arts, suppl. to Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em>, no. 1237 (February 1972).", "page_number": "p. 70, fig. 246", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thompson, David L. <em>The Artists of the Mummy Portraits</em>. [Malibu, Calif.]: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1976.", "page_number": "fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. \"Portrait Painting: An Image of Man,\" <em>Arts and Activities</em> 82, no. 1 (September 1977).", "page_number": "pp. 32-33, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Parlasca, Klaus. <em>Ritratti di mummie</em>. Roma: Erma di Bretschneider, 1977.", "page_number": "pp. 29-30, no. 249, pl. 61. fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n38"}, {"citation": "Thompson, David L. <em>Mummy Portraits in the J. Paul Getty Museum.</em> Malibu, Calif: The Museum, 1982.", "page_number": "p. 9, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berger, Jacques-Edouard, Klaus Parlasca, and Rosario Pintaudi. <em>El-Fayyum</em>. Milano: F.M. Ricci, 1985.", "page_number": "pp. 62-3", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n27"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Masterpieces from East and West</em>. New York, NY: Rizzoli International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Doxiadis, Euphrosyne. <em>The Mysterious Fayum Portraits: Faces from Ancient Egypt</em>. London: Thames and Hudson, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 68, no. 55, pp. 201-2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liddell, Marlane A. \"Haunting Faces from the Banks of the Nile.\" <em>Smithsonian Magazine</em>. Nov. 1995. pp.134-139", "page_number": "p. 134", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 506; Mentioned: p. 506-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Windmuller-Luna, Kristen. \u201cAfrica &amp; Byzantium: Spectacular treasures from diverse lands joined by deserts, seas, and rivers.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 64, no. 1 (2024): Cover, 4-7, 24.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Cover; Mentioned: P. 4-6", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-01/page/4/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.137", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_web.jpg", "width": "469", "height": "900", "filesize": "255279", "filename": "1971.137_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_print.jpg", "width": "1770", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2723846", "filename": "1971.137_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_full.tif", "width": "7337", "height": "14090", "filesize": "310163444", "filename": "1971.137_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "565", "height": "900", "filesize": "299220"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2136", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3280434"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8787", "height": "13986", "filesize": "368714144"}, "date_created": "2024-01-16T11:07:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "451", "height": "893", "filesize": "369878"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1716", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5783320"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3268", "height": "6474", "filesize": "63501348"}, "date_created": "2009-07-08T18:30:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "461", "height": "893", "filesize": "382578"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1754", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5909154"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3342", "height": "6480", "filesize": "64998764"}, "date_created": "2009-07-08T18:35:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "504", "height": "893", "filesize": "383800"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1920", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5926001"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3665", "height": "6491", "filesize": "71398392"}, "date_created": "2009-07-08T18:40:12", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "466", "height": "893", "filesize": "378182"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "802", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1158693"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.137/1971.137_alt4_full.tif", "width": "802", "height": "1536", "filesize": "3697028"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 145925, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-09-08T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 25, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 25\u201337 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:28:51.783000"}, {"id": 108884, "accession_number": "1926.554", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sir Anthony Mildmay, Knight of Apethorpe, Northamptonshire, c. 1590\u201393. Nicholas Hilliard (English, c. 1547\u20131619). Watercolor on vellum, laid on card, mounted on wood; sheet: 23.2 x 17.1 cm (9 1/8 x 6 3/4 in.); unframed: 23.3 x 17.4 cm (9 3/16 x 6 7/8 in.); overall framed: 32.7 x 26.8 cm (12 7/8 x 10 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1926.554", "current_location": null, "title": "Sir Anthony Mildmay, Knight of Apethorpe, Northamptonshire", "creation_date": "c. 1590\u201393", "creation_date_earliest": 1585, "creation_date_latest": 1598, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 16th century"], "technique": "Watercolor on vellum, laid on card, mounted on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Sheet: 23.2 x 17.1 cm (9 1/8 x 6 3/4 in.); Unframed: 23.3 x 17.4 cm (9 3/16 x 6 7/8 in.); Overall framed: 32.7 x 26.8 cm (12 7/8 x 10 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.233, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.174, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "overall framed": {"height": 0.327, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.268, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "sheet": {"height": 0.232, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.171, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312374, "title": "Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs", "description": "<i>Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 7-March 7, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335442, "title": "Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver: An Exhibition to Commemorate the 400th Anniversary of the birth of Nicholas Hilliard", "description": "<i>Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver: An Exhibition to Commemorate the 400th Anniversary of the birth of Nicholas Hilliard</i>. Victoria and Albert Museum (organizer) (May 31-August 31, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300857, "title": "Art: The International Language", "description": "<i>Art: The International Language</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 2-November 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302279, "title": "Water Color", "description": "<i>Water Color</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 6-August 27, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335445, "title": "Artists of the Tudor Court: The Portrait Miniature Rediscovered 1520-1620", "description": "<i>Artists of the Tudor Court: The Portrait Miniature Rediscovered 1520-1620</i>. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (July 4-November 6, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-07-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "<i>Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "<i>Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 315726, "title": "The Tudors: Art and Majesty in Renaissance England", "description": "<i>The Tudors: Art and Majesty in Renaissance England</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (co-organizer) (October 3, 2022-January 8, 2023); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (February 26-May 14, 2023); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (June 24-September 24, 2023) https://www.famsf.org/exhibitions/tudors.", "opening_date": "2023-02-25T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Masterpieces of Art.</em> New York World\u2019s Fair, New York, NY (May-October 1939).", "opening_date": "1939-05-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Anthony Mildmay, Knight of Apethorpe\n [c. 1549-1617] Northants, England by descent to his daughter, Mary, Countess of Westmoreland (n\u00e9e Mildmay)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1590/9 ?-1617", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Mary, Countess of Westmoreland [1593?-1640] Northhamshire, England, by descent to her son, Sir Francis Fane", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1617-1640", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sir Frances Fane [1611-1681], Fulbeck, Lincolnshire, England by descent to his son Sir Francis Fane", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1640-1681", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sir Francis Fane [d. 1691], Henbury, Gloucestershire, England by descent to his son Henry Fane", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1681-1691", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Henry Fane [1669-1726], Brympton, Yeovil, Somerset, England by descent to his son, Henry Fane", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1691-1726", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Henry Fane [1703-1777], Wormsley, Oxfordshire, England by descent to his daughter, Mary Stapelton (n\u00e9e Fane)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1726-1777", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Mary Stapleton (n\u00e9e Fane)  [c.1744-1835], Oxfordshire) by descent to her grandson, Rev. Hon. Sir Francis Jarvis Stapleton", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1777-1835", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Rev. Hon. Sir Francis Jarvis Stapleton [1807-1874], 7th Bt. Mereworth Rectory, Kent, England by descent to his son, Richard Talbot Plantagenet Stapleton", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1835-1874", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Richard Talbot Plantagenet Stapleton [1834-1899], Grey\u2019s Court, Oxfordshire, England by descent to his son, Sir Miles Talbot Stapleton", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1874-1899", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Sir Miles Stapleton, Bart of Greys, [1893-1977], Henley-on-Thames, United Kingdom consigned to Christie's London for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1899-1926", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, London, United Kingdom, May 11, 1926, lot 79 sold to S.J. Phillips for 510 gns.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(S.J. Phillips, London, United Kingdom, sold to                                                                      \n Durlacher Brothers)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926", "sortorder": 14}, {"description": "(Durlacher Brothers, New York, NY sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926", "sortorder": 15}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926-", "sortorder": 16}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A little dog gazes adoringly at Mildmay who was by all accounts a very arrogant man.", "description": "Framed by the folds of a circular tent, Sir Anthony Mildmay strikes a relaxed and confident pose, with his right hand resting on a cloth-covered table and his left grasping the hilt of his thin, double-edged sword called a rapier. Helmet, gauntlet, and leg coverings are scattered about, as if Mildmay has been interrupted in the act of putting on or taking off his armor. Despite its small scale, this portrait reveals Nicholas Hilliard\u2019s emulation of (and rivalry with) life-size court portraiture, while his meticulous attention to detail and use of costly materials like shell gold reflect the refined world of courtly tournaments.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80000810"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.554-portrait-of-sir-anth", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.554-sir-anthony-mildmay"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Thieme, Ulrich, Felix Becker, Fred. C. Willis, and Hans Vollmer. <em>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden K\u00fcnstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart XXV</em>. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1907.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 599", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \"A Miniature by Isaac Oliver.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>XIV, no.2, (February 1927) 19-21.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n27"}, {"citation": "Bull, H. A., Jr. \"Exhibitions.\" <em>The International Studio </em>92 (April 1929): 72-84.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grancsay, Stephen V. \"Notes on Armor of the Greenwich School.\" <em>Metropolitan Museum Studies</em> 2, no. 1 (1929): 85-101.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Francis Michael, and Randolph Schwabe. <em>A Short History of Costume &amp; Armour, Chiefly in England, 1066-1800.</em> New York, NY: C. Scribner's Sons, 1931.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilenski, R. H. <em>English Painting</em>. London, United Kingdom: Faber and Faber, 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48, Pl. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kelly, Francis Michael. \u201cPortrait of a Warrior; Robert Sidney, Afterwards Earl of Leicester, Probably by Isaac Oliver.\u201d <em>Connoisseur</em> 100 (July 1937): 25\u201328.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28, fig. III", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Loans to Important Exhibitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>26, no. 7 (July 1939): 123", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 123", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25138029"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and William Mathewson Milliken. <em>Masterpieces of Art from the New York and San Francisco World's Fairs; The Cleveland Museum of Art, February 7 Through March 7, 1940</em>. 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 49, p. 22, pl. XVII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shoolman, Regina, and Charles E. Slatkin. <em>The Enjoyment of Art in America.</em> Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 586", "url": null}, {"citation": "Symonds, R. W. \"Standards, Coffers and Trunks.\" <em>Country Life </em>93 (February 5, 1943): 262-263.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 262", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n24"}, {"citation": "Winter, Carl. \"Hilliard and Elizabethan Miniatures.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>LXXXIX(1947): 174-183.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 176, 180", "url": null}, {"citation": "Reynolds, Graham, Nicholas Hilliard, and Isaac Oliver. <em>Nicholas Hilliard and Isaac Oliver: An Exhibition to Commemorate the 400th Anniversary of the Birth of Nicholas Hilliard</em>. London: Ministry of Education, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pope-Hennessy, John Wyndham. <em>A Lecture on Nicholas Hilliard</em>. London, United Kingdom: Home and Van Thal, 1949.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Judson, Alexander Corbin. <em>Sidney's Appearance; A Study in Elizabethan Portraiture.</em> Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 463", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n85"}, {"citation": "Auerbach, Erna.<em> Nicholas Hilliard</em>. London: Routledge &amp; Paul, 1961.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mercer, Eric. <em>English Art, 1553-1625</em>. London, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204, pl. 70", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rowse, A. L. <em>The Expansion of Elizabethan England</em>. New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1965.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 246-247", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n129"}, {"citation": "<em>Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strong, Roy. <em>The English Icon: Elizabethan &amp; Jacobean Portraiture</em>. London, United Kingdom: Paul Mellon Foundation for British Art, in association with Routledge &amp; K. Paul, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 105", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n129"}, {"citation": "Reynolds, Graham. <em>Nicholas Hilliard &amp; Isaac Oliver.</em> London, United Kingdom: H.M.S.O., Victoria and Albert Museum, 1971.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thornton, Peter. \"Two Problems.\" <em>Furniture History</em> 7 (1971): 61-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68-69; Reproduced: pl. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. <em>A Dictionary of British Miniature Painters</em>. London, United Kindgom: Faber and Faber, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 330, vol. 1; Mentioned: p. 51, vol. II, Reproduced: p. 412, pl. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strong, Roy C. <em>Nicholas Hilliard</em>. London, United Kingdom: Joseph, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43, pl. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thornton, Peter. <em>Seventeenth-Century Interior Decoration in England, France, and Holland.</em> New Haven: Published for the Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art by Yale University Press, 1978.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 226-227; Reproduced: p, 411", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 123", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n143"}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. <em>Collecting Miniatures</em>. Woodbridge, United Kingdom: Antique Collectors' Club, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taylor, Joshua C. <em>The Fine Arts in America</em>. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Taylor, Joshua C. T<em>he Fine Arts in America.</em> Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Finsten, Jill. <em>Isaac Oliver, Art at the Courts of Elizabeth I and James I.</em> New York, NY: Garland Pub, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 236, fig. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings.Pt. 3. European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 191-193, no. 79; Reproduced: p. 192, fig. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strong, Roy C. <em>The English Renaissance Miniature.</em> London, United Kingdom: Thames and Hudson, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 126", "url": null}, {"citation": "Edmond, Mary. <em>Hilliard and Oliver: The Lives and Works of Two Great Miniaturists</em>. London, UK: R. Hale, 1983.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jones-Davies, Marie Th\u00e9r\u00e8se. <em>Le Roman de Chevalerie au Temps de la Renaissance.</em> Paris: J. Touzot, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 237", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ashelford, Jane. <em>Dress in the Age of Elizabeth I</em>. London, United Kingdom: Batsford, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 137, fig. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ridley, Jasper Godwin. <em>The Tudor Age</em>. London: Constable, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 312", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shakespeare, William. <em>The Sonnets</em>. London: Barrie &amp; Jenkins, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tortora, Phyllis G., and Keith Eubank. <em>A Survey of Historic Costume.</em> New York, NY: Fairchild Publications, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133, fig. 9.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Avery, Charles. \"Fontainebleau, Milan, or Rome? A Mannerist Bronze Lockplate and Hasp.\" <em>Studies in the History of Art</em> 22 (1989): 291-305.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 296, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mowl, Tim. <em>Elizabethan &amp; Jacobean Style</em>. London, UK: Phaidon Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Jane. <em>The Dictionary of Art</em>. New York, NY: Grove, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 546", "url": null}, {"citation": "Highley, Christopher. <em>Shakespeare, Spenser, and the Crisis in Ireland. </em>Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 121-122, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thorne, Alison. <em>Vision and Rhetoric in Shakespeare: Looking Through Language.</em> New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 43, 50; reproduced: pl.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Anderson, Christy. \"The Secrets of Vision in Renaissance England.\" <em>Studies in the History of Art</em> 59 (2003): 322-47.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 324", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "James, Susan E. <em>The Feminine Dynamic in English Art, 1485-1603: Women As Consumers, Patrons and Painters</em>. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1999, fig. 4.1", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. London, UK. Scala Books, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178-179", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. <em>Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives</em>. 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl<em>. British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 2</em>013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 3, pp. 38-44", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stephen Lloyd, review of <em>British Portrait Miniatures. The Cleveland Museum of Art, by Cory Korkow with the assistance of Jon. L. Seydl</em>, The Burlington Magazine 157, no. 1346 (May 2015).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 349-350, fig. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adshead, David, and David A. H. B. Taylor, eds.<em> Hardwick Hall: A Great Old Castle of Romance.</em> New Haven : Published for The Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art &amp; The National Trust by Yale University Press, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 165, fig. 163", "url": null}, {"citation": "Strong, Roy C., and V. J. Murrell. <em>Artists of the Tudor Court: The Portrait Miniature Rediscovered, 1520-1620 : 9 July-6 November 1983, the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum</em>. [London]: Victoria &amp; Albert Museum, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no 264, p. 156-158", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heap, William.<em> Elizabeth's French Wars, 1562-1598: English Intervention in the French Wars of Religion</em>. Unicorn Publishing, 2020.", "page_number": "p. 113", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleland, Elizabeth A. H., Adam Eaker, Marjorie E. Wieseman, and Sarah Bochicchio. <em>The Tudors: Art and Majesty in Renaissance England.</em> New York : The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 184-186, No. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Balestrieri, James D. \"The Stage and the Set.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques </em>XLV, no. 9 (October 2022): 70-77.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.554", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_web.jpg", "width": "664", "height": "893", "filesize": "527014", "filename": "1926.554_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_print.jpg", "width": "2528", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6709371", "filename": "1926.554_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_full.tif", "width": "4098", "height": "5512", "filesize": "67800096", "filename": "1926.554_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "160326"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2192706"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021732"}, "date_created": "2013-02-05T18:12:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1191", "height": "893", "filesize": "287265"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2166857"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "6000", "filesize": "144021792"}, "date_created": "2013-02-05T18:42:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "681", "height": "893", "filesize": "513234"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2592", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7251267"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.554/1926.554_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4343", "height": "5697", "filesize": "74260672"}, "date_created": "2009-01-12T19:12:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108884, "creators": [{"id": 2562, "description": "Nicholas Hilliard (English, c. 1547\u20131619)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1547", "death_year": "1619", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-12-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1585, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1590\u201393", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:26.948000"}, {"id": 144689, "accession_number": "1969.31", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts (\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u53ca\u540e\u5983\u5716\u5377), 1736\u201370s. Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688\u20131766), and others (Chinese). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; overall: 53.8 x 1154.5 cm (21 3/16 x 454 1/2 in.); painting only: 53 x 688.3 cm (20 7/8 x 271 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.31", "current_location": null, "title": "Portraits of the Qianlong Emperor and His Twelve Consorts", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u53ca\u540e\u5983\u5716\u5377", "creation_date": "1736\u201370s", "creation_date_earliest": 1736, "creation_date_latest": 1779, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 53.8 x 1154.5 cm (21 3/16 x 454 1/2 in.); Painting only: 53 x 688.3 cm (20 7/8 x 271 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.538, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 11.545, "width_inch": 454, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "painting only": {"height": 0.53, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 6.883, "width_inch": 271, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "9 seals of the Qianlong emperor (r. 1736\u201395).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The Qianlong emperor had unrolled and viewed the scroll in his old age, as indicated by the impression of the seals he used after abdicating in 1796.", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "The eighth month, first year of Qianlong [1736] \u4e7e\u9686\u5143\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u5409\u65e5.\nThe Empress (Xiaoxian) \u7687\u540e (1712\u20131748), \nThe Guifei (Huixian) \u8cb4\u5983 (?-\u20131745), \nChunfei \u7d14\u5983 (1713\u20131760), \nJiafei \u5609\u5983 (?\u20131755), \nLingfei \u4ee4\u5983 (1727\u20131775), \nShufei \u8212\u5983 (1728\u20131777), \nQingbin \u6176\u5b2a (1724\u20131774), \nYingbin \u7a4e\u5b2a (1731\u20131800), \nXinbin \u5ffb\u5b2a (?\u20131764), \nDunfei \u60c7\u5983 (1746\u20131806), \nXunfei \u9806\u5983 (1749\u20131788), \nShunbin \u5faa\u5b2a (?\u20131797).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "The inscription dates Qianlong\u2019s portrait to an auspicious day in the eight month, the first year of Qianlong (1736). He was twenty-six years old and had ascended the throne only a year earlier, following the death of his father the Yongzheng Emperor. \nNone of the wives was older than 20 at the time she was painted.", "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301313, "title": "Year in Review: 1969", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1969</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 27-February 22, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-01-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310291, "title": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia", "description": "<i>Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227385, "title": "Art Under Emperor Ch'ien-lung", "description": "<i>Art Under Emperor Ch'ien-lung</i>. National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. (October 5-December 20, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202572, "title": "Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Silent Poetry: Masterworks of Chinese Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 14, 2015-April 24, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-14T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 242)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 21, 2013-July 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-21T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Qing imperial collection (seals of Emperor Qianlong, r. 1736\u20131795)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1736\u2013?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, France. December 17\u201318, 1928 sale. Lot 329)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 17\u201318, 1928", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Spink & Son, Ltd., London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1966\u20131969", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1969\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 144690, "description": "Carved Lacquer Scroll Box (\u96d5\u9f8d\u6f06\u5323), 1736\u201395. China, Qing dynasty (1644\u20131911), Qianlong reign (1736\u201395). Red carved lacquer on wood; overall: 14 x 14.7 x 59 cm (5 1/2 x 5 13/16 x 23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1969.32", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Lingfei \u4ee4\u5983 (1727\u20131775), the first consort depicted in the maroon or \u201cincense-colored\" \u9999\u8272 robe, was the mother of six of Qianlong\u2019s children, including the future Emperor Jiaqing.", "description": "This portrait shows the Qianlong emperor at 26, in the first year of his reign. His likeness is followed by portraits of the empress and eleven consorts. Their portraits document the appearances of the court women around the time when they received their respective imperial titles, which occurred at different stages of the emperor's life. The first three portraits were done by the Jesuit (Roman Catholic) missionary artist Giuseppe Castiglione, whereas the later ones were by Chinese court painters. <br><br>Formal portraiture contributed to the affirmation of status and construction of role and identity. This scroll served as both familial documentation and a \"mind picture\" of the Qianlong emperor, suggesting that his constructed image of emperorship was inseparable from concepts of self and family. It was stored in a carved red lacquer box bearing the original painting title <em>Mind Picture of a Well-Governed and Tranquil Reign</em> (see CMA <a href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1969.32\"><u>1969.32</u></a>).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60470589"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1969.31-portraits-of-the-qia"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>I\u00b0 Collection de M. J. Poberejsky (Premi\u00e8re Vente), Importante Suite de Pierres Dures de La Chine ..., II\u00b0 Appartenant \u00c0 Divers Amateurs, C\u00e9ramique de La Chine, Laques de P\u00e9kin, Sculptures Cambodgiennes et Siamoises, Importants Brule-Parfums et Paravent En \u00c9maux Cloisonn\u00e9s ..., Belle Suite de Peintures Provenant Du Palais Imp\u00e9rial (XVIIIe Si\u00e8cle) ...</em> 17 and 18 December 1928 sale. Ho\u0302tel Drouot, Paris, France.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced; lot no. 329, pp. 34 and pl. XIV (between p. 32 and 33)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em> Octagon </em>III, No. 4 (Winter 1966). London: Spink &amp; Son, pp. 12\u201313", "page_number": "pp. 12, 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1969.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 24, 1970, pp. 86\u2013117.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20111025"}, {"citation": "Beurdeley, Ce\u0301cile, and Michel Beurdeley. <em>Giuseppe Castiglione, a Jesuit Painter at the Court of the Chinese Emperors</em>. Rutland, Vt: C.E. Tuttle Co, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 41, 43, 98\u2013100, 178", "url": null}, {"citation": "Beurdeley, Ce\u0301cile, and Michel Beurdeley. \"Le fre\u0300re Castiglione.\" <em>Connaissance des arts</em>, 1971, 235, pp. 72\u201379.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Toynbee, Arnold, and Else\u0301 Glahn. <em>Half the World: The History and Culture of China and Japan</em>. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 268", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sung, Yu. \"A Comparison of Two Versions of the <em>Ch\u00fc jui t'u</em> \u805a\u745e\u5716 by Giuseppe Castiglione.\" <em>National Palace Museum Bulletin</em> \u6545\u5bae\u901a\u8a0a, XI, no. 3 (July-August 1976).", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 64, no. 4, 1977, pp. 118\u2013136.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 119\u2013122, cover pls., figs. 1, 2", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 358", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n378"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 355\u2013357, cat. no. 262", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bunker, Emma C., Dieter Kuhn and Ronald Y. Otsuka. <em>Secret Splendors of the Chinese Court: Qing Dynasty Costume from the Charlotte Hill Grant Collection, Denver Art Museum, Stanton Gallery, December 30, 1981-March 21, 1982</em>. Denver, CO: The Denver Art Museum, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 355, fig. 60", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 8 (1990): 286\u2013323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 35, p. 322", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "Garrett, Valery M. <em>A Collector's Guide to Chinese Dress Accessories</em>. Singapore: Times Editions, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  pp. 100\u2013101", "url": null}, {"citation": "Paludan, Ann. <em>Chronicle of the Chinese Emperors: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers of Imperial China</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 159 and 196", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73, cat. no. 45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Spence, Jonathan D. <em>The search for modern China</em>. New York/London: W. W. Norton, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vollmer, John E. \"Clothed to Rule the Universe: Ming and Qing Dynasty Textiles at The Art Institute of Chicago.\" <em>The Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies</em>, vol. 26, no. 2, 2000, pp. 13\u2013105.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 3", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/4104402"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 83, pp. 78-9; Mentioned: p. 119", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chan Tat Chuen, William. <em>A la table de l'empereur de Chine</em>. Arles: \u00c9ditions Philippe Picquier, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berriedale-Johnson, Michelle. <em>The British Museum Festive Feasts Cookbook</em>. London: British Museum, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sale, Giovanni and Gauvin A Bailey. <em>Ignazio e l'arte dei gesuiti</em>. Milano: Jaca Book, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 276", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Chuimei, and Bennet Bronson. <em>Splendors of China's Forbidden City: The Glorious Reign of Emperor Qianlong</em>. London: Merrell, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 203, p. 294", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Chuimei. \"The Relations between Qianlong and His Consorts: Stories of a Man with Forty Wives.\" <em>Orientations</em> 35, no. 2 (March 2004): pp. 66\u201373.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Chuimei . \"Building a Cultural Great Wall.\" <em>Calliope</em>, December 2004, Vol. 15 Issue 4, pp. 30\u201332.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 30\u201331", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hsi&AN=15325579&site=ehost-live."}, {"citation": "Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, Mich\u00e8le. \u201cGiuseppe Castiglione Et Le Renouveau Du Portrait Imp\u00e9rial Au XVIII e. <em>Arts Asiatiques</em>, vol. 60, 2005, pp. 22\u201330.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 24. fig. 3", "url": "https://www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/43484209"}, {"citation": "Elliott, Jeannette Shambaugh, and David L. Shambaugh. <em>The odyssey of China's Imperial art treasures</em>. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 52", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brummett, Palmira Johnson et al, eds. <em>Civilization Past &amp; Present</em>, 11th edition, Volume B: 500-1815. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 602", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schoppa, R. Keith. <em>Revolution and Its Past: Identities and Change in Modern Chinese History</em>, 2nd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hsia, Ronnie Po-chia. <em>Noble patronage and Jesuit missions: Maria Theresia von Fugger-Wellenburg (1690-1762) and Jesuit missionaries in China and Vietnam</em>. Rome: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chen, Pao-chen \u9673\u8446\u771f. \"A Study of the Portraits of Emperor Qianlong and His Consorts and Its Related Problems \u300a\u5fc3\u5beb\u6cbb\u5e73\u300b\u2014 \u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u540e\u5983\u5b2a\u5716\u5377\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e.\" <em>Mei shu shi yan jiu ji kan </em>(Taida Journal of Art History = \u7f8e\u8853\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u520a), no. 21 (September 2006): pp. 89\u2013150.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Schoppa, R. Keith. <em>East Asia: Identities and Change in the Modern World, 1700-Present</em>. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Elliott, Mark C. <em>Emperor Qianlong: Son of Heaven, Man of the World</em>. New York: Pearson Longman, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fong, Wen, and Jerome Silbergeld, editor. <em>Bridges to Heaven: Essays on East Asian Art in Honor of Professor Wen C. Fong</em>. Princeton, NJ: P.Y. and Kinmay W. Tang Center for East Asian Art, Dept. of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 336\u2013337, 344, figs 1 & 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kleutghen, Kristina. \"Contemplating Eternity: An Illusionistic Portrait of the Qianlong Emperor's Heir.\" <em>Orientations</em>, 42, Number 4 (May 2011).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 77, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cover and pp. 216\u2013217", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita. <em>Ai Weiwei: Circle of Animals/Zodiac Heads: July 27, 2013-January 26, 2014, the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 18, fig. 3 (detail); pp. 26\u201327, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 53 no. 05, September/October 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 14\u201315", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-05/page/14"}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 434\u2013439", "url": null}, {"citation": "Xu, Jay and Li He, eds. <em>Emperors' Treasures: Chinese Art from the National Palace Museum, Taipei</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 138, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clunas, Craig. <em>Chinese Painting and Its Audiences.</em> Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 218\u2013219, fig. 6.30", "url": null}, {"citation": "von Spee, Clarissa. \u201cThe Power of Writing: A new display in the Chinese galleries focuses on inscriptions.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>58, no. 5 (September/October 2018): 12\u201313.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-05/page/n5/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Wang, Daisy Yiyou. \"Deciphering Portraits of Qing Empresses.\" In <em>Empresses of China's Forbidden City: 1644-1912.</em> Daisy Yiyou Wang, and Jan Stuart, eds., 88\u2013109. 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Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144689, "creators": [{"id": 27841, "description": "Giuseppe Castiglione (Italian, 1688\u20131766)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Italian Jesuit missionary and painter, who worked in China. He served as an artist at the imperial court of three emperors: the Kangzi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong emperors. He painted in a style that is a fusion of European and Chinese traditions.", "name_in_original_language": "\u90ce\u4e16\u5be7", "birth_year": "1688", "death_year": "1766", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 64411, "description": "others (Chinese)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1969-01-22T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1736, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1736\u201370s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portraits of Emperor Qianlong, the Empress, and Eleven Imperial Consorts", "Portraits of Emperor Qianlong and His Twelve Consorts \u4e7e\u9686\u5e1d\u53ca\u540e\u5983\u5716\u5377", "Portraits of Emperor Qianlong and His Twelve Consorts", "Inauguration Portraits of Emperor Ch'ien-lung, the Empress, and the Eleven Imperial Consorts"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:26:32.386000"}, {"id": 160137, "accession_number": "1997.95", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mountains of the Immortals (\u4ed9\u5c71\u5716), 1300\u20131370. Chen Ruyan (Chinese, c. 1331\u20131371), calligraphy by Ni Zan (Chinese, 1301\u20131374). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; painting only: 33.4 x 97.3 cm (13 1/8 x 38 5/16 in.); height: 35 cm (13 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1997.95", "current_location": null, "title": "Mountains of the Immortals", "title_in_original_language": "\u4ed9\u5c71\u5716", "creation_date": "1300\u20131370", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1370, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 33.4 x 97.3 cm (13 1/8 x 38 5/16 in.); height: 35 cm (13 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 0.334, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.973, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "height": {"height": 0.35, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "frontispiece": {"height": 0.35, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 1.04, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "inscription": {"height": 0.35, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.61, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "1 inscription, 3 colophons, and 37 seals: 1 inscription, dated 1371, by Ni Zan \u502a\u74da (1301-1374); 17 seals of Xiang Yuanbian \u9805\u5143\u6c74 (1525-1590); 4 seals of Chu Chih-ch'ih (late Ming Dynasty); 1 seal of Liang Qingbiao \u6881\u6df8\u6a19 (1620-1691); 1 seal of Gao Shiqi \u9ad8\u58eb\u5947 (1645-1704); 4 seals of Lu Xinyuan \uf9d3\u5fc3\u6e90 (1834-1894); 1 colophon, dated 1908, and 5 seals of Jing Xian \u666f\u8d12; 1 colophon, dated 1915, by Lung Yu; 1 colophon, dated 1932, and 2 seals of Wu Mei; 3 seals unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u4ed9\u5c71\u5716\uff0c \u9673\u541b\u60df\u5141\u6240\u756b\u3002 \u79c0\u6f64\u6e05\u9060\uff0c \u6df1\u5f97\u8d99\u69ae\u797f\u7b46\u610f\u3002 \u5176\u4eba\u5df2\u77e3\uff0c \u4eca\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fa9\u5f97\u3002 \u8f9b\u4ea5\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u65e5\u502a\u74da", "inscription_translation": "Inscription by Ni Zan:\nThe picture of The Land of Immortals was painted by Chen Weiyun \u9673\u60df\u5141 [Chen Ruyan]. Its refinement, mellowness, and purity have succeeded profoundly in capturing the brush ideas of Zhao Mengfu \u8d99\u5b5f\u982b. Now the gentleman is no longer with us. One will never be able to acquire such a painting again. Ni Zan wrote this on the second day of the twelfth month of the xinhai year, the fourth year of Hongwu [1371].", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Colophon by Jing Xian \u666f\u8d12:\nThe preceding Land of Immortals is an authentic work of the Yuan master, Chen Weiyun \u9673\u60df\u5141. According to the Yu yi bian \u5bd3\u610f\u7de8 by Du Mu \u90fd\u7a46of the Ming Dynasty, the painting was seen at the home of Chen Mengxian \u9673\u5b5f\u8ce2 [c. 1500], a hermit. It is also recorded in Yu yi lu \u5bd3\u610f\u9304 of the present [Qing] era. The dimensions and the seals are all correct. When the painting went into the possession of Liang Qingbiao \u6881\u6df8\u6a19, the silk was already quite dilapidated. The only thing now missing, however, is the one line of writing by Xiang Zijing \u9805\u5b50\u4eac [Xiang Yuanbian \u9805\u5143\u6c74] who records the original price he paid, being fifteen taels of silver. This must have been cut off by the dealer, which nevertheless did no harm to a masterpiece such as this. Jing Xian recorded this in the second month of the maoshen year [1908].", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301272, "title": "Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yuan Dynasty (1279\u20131368)", "description": "<i>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yuan Dynasty (1279\u20131368)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2-November 24, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 216674, "title": "Taoism and the Arts of China", "description": "<i>Taoism and the Arts of China</i>. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 11, 2000-January 7, 2001); Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 21-May 13, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-11-11T00:00:00"}, {"id": 207337, "title": "The World of Kubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty", "description": "<i>The World of Kubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (September 20, 2010-January 2, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-09-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</em>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1980-11-07T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Visions of Landscape: East and West</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Twain Shall Meet</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 10-April 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-02-10T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Fragrance of Ink: Chinese and Japanese Paintings from the Collection of Mrs. A. Dean Perry</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 19-August 3, 1997).", "opening_date": "1997-04-19T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Xiang Yuanbian \u9805\u5143\u6c74 [1525\u20131590]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Liang Qingbiao \u6881\u6e05\u6a19 [1620\u20131691]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. A. Dean [Helen Wade Greene] Perry [1911\u20131996], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131997", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["118.81", "1.1982", "903.85"], "did_you_know": "Such blue and green landscapes often evoke nostalgia for the idealized ancient times.", "description": "The landscape in deep green tones offers a view into a secluded mountain valley, populated by ancient figures surrounded by deer and cranes, all under high pine trees. A red-robed immortal in the air steers his crane toward the paradise land. <br><br>This idyllic scene was presumably created amid the tumultuous transition from the Yuan to the Ming dynasty. Chen from Suzhou supported major rebel leaders, first Zhang Shicheng (1321\u20131367) with his base in Suzhou and then his rival Zhu Yuanzhang in Nanjing, after the latter had established the Ming dynasty. Chen was executed in 1371.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477522"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.95-mountains-of-the-imm"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Du, Mu \u90fd\u7a46. <em>Yu yi bian </em>[\u5bd3\u610f\u7de8 = The Dwelling of Ideas; notes on painting and calligraphy]. Shanghai: Shanghai gu ji chu ban she, 1987. (Original text dated c. 1500s)", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Wang, Keyu \u6c6a\u7822\u7389 . <em>Shan hu wang </em>\u73ca\u745a\u7db2. Chengdu: Cheng du gu ji shu dian, 1985. (Preface dated 1643)", "page_number": "ch. 23, p. 1336", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wu, Qizhen \u5434\u5176\u8c9e. <em>Shu hua ji </em>= \u66f8\u756b\u8a18. Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1962. (Original text dated c. 1677)", "page_number": "Mentioned: ch. 1, pp. 71-72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bian, Yongyu \u535e\u6c38\u8b7d. <em>Shi gu tang shu hua hui kao: [shu kao 30 juan, hua kao 30 juan] = </em>\u5f0f\u53e4\u5802\u66f8\u756b\u5f59\u8003: [\u66f8\u800330\u5377, \u756b\u800330\u5377]. Shanghai: Jian gu shu she \u9451\u53e4\u66f8\u793e, 1921. (Facsimile reproduction of the original Kangxi edition, dated 1682.)", "page_number": "Mentioned: ch. 2, p. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gu, Fu \u9867\u5fa9. <em>Ping sheng zhuang guan </em>\u5e73\u751f\u58ef\u89c0. Shanghai: Shanghai ren min mei shu chu ban she, 1962. (Preface dated 1692)", "page_number": "ch. 9, p. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Du, Mu \u90fd\u7a46. <em>Tie wang shan hu</em> [\u9435\u7db2\u73ca\u745a = Corals in an Iron Net]. Taibei Shi: Guo li zhong yang tu shu guan, 1970. (Preface dated 1758.)", "page_number": "Mentioned: ch. 5, p. 10 (a)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Li, Tiaoyuan \u674e\u8abf\u5143. <em>Zhu jia cang shu bu</em>: 10 juan [\u8af8\u5bb6\u85cf\u66f8\u7c3f: 10\u5377]. Taibei: Yi wen yin shu guan, 1965. (Preface dated 1778).", "page_number": "ch. 8, p. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferguson, John C \u798f\u958b\u68ee. <em>Li dai zhu lu hua mu </em>\u6b77\u4ee3\u8457\u9304\u7575\u76ee. Nanjing: Chin-ling University, Zhong guo wen hua yan jiu suo \u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u784f\u7a76\u6240, 1933.", "page_number": "III, 296(b)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>Chinese Art Under the Mongols: The Yu\u0308an Dynasty, 1279-1368</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art; [distributed by the Press of Case Western Reserve University], 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 264", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vinograd, Richard. \u201cSome Landscapes Related to the Blue-and-Green Manner from the Early Y\u00fcan Period.\u201d <em>Artibus Asiae</em>, vol. 41, no. 2/3, 1979, pp. 101\u2013131.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 18", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3249513"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 114, pp. 139\u2013140", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E., and Wai-kam Ho. <em>The Nature and Significance of the Collection of Liang Ch'ing-Piao</em>. Taipei, Taiwan: Chung-hua ming-kuo, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 139, cat. no. 98", "url": null}, {"citation": "Suzuki, Kei \u9234\u6728\u656c. <em>Chu\u0304goku kaiga so\u0304go\u0304 zuroku</em> [\u4e2d\u570b\u7e6a\u756b\u7e3d\u5408\u5716\u9304 = Comprehensive Illustrated Catalog of Chinese Paintings], \u7b2c 1\u5377. \u30a2\u30e1\u30ea\u30ab\u00b7\u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u7bc7 [= vol. 1 American and Canadian collections]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: To\u0304kyo\u0304 Daigaku Shuppankai, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: #A23-015, p. I-287", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 24, p. 357", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Little, Stephen.<em> Realm of the Immortals: Daoism in the Arts of China : the Cleveland Museum of Art, February 10-April 10, 1988</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 5, pp. 31-32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"The Fine Art of Drinking: The Chinese Silversmith Zhu Bishan and His Sculptural Cups.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 10 (1994): 380-401.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 393; Mentioned: p. 392, 401", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161475"}, {"citation": "Barnhart, Richard M., Xin Yang, Chongzheng Nie, James Cahill, Shaojun Lang, and Hung Wu. <em>Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press; Beijing: Foreign Languages Press,1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  p. 185, cat. no. 170", "url": null}, {"citation": "T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = <em>Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 54-55, cat. no. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laing, Ellen Johnston. \"Daoist Qi, Clouds and Mist in Later Chinese Painting.\" <em>Orientations</em>, vol. 29, no.4 (April 1998): pp. 32\u201339.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 38, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hasebe, Gakuji \u9577\u8c37\u90e8\u697d\u723e, et al. <em>So\u0304ji: shinpin to yobareta yakimono</em> [\u5b8b\u78c1 : \u795e\u54c1\u3068\u3088\u3070\u308c\u305f\u3084\u304d\u3082\u306e = Song ceramics]. Japan: Asahi Shinbunsha, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48, cat. no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Little, Stephen and Shawn Eichman. <em>Taoism and the Arts of China.</em> Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 368-369, fig. 144", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scott, Susan Clare. \"Sacred Earth: Daoism as a Preserver of Environment in Chinese Landscape Painting From the Song Through the Qing Dynasties\". <em>East-West Connections: Review of Asian Studies </em>(6), no. 1, 2006.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 83, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Laozi \u8001\u5b50 and James Legge, translator. <em>Tao Te Ching </em>\u9053\u5fb7\u7ecf. New York: Metro Books, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: Fig. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mai, Shuwei \u9ea5\u66f8\u744b. \"\u9673\u6c5d\u8a00\u00ab\u4ed9\u5c71\u5716\u00bb \u4e4b\u63a2\u8a0e\" [Discussion on Chen Ruyan's \" Mountains of the Immortals\"]. <em>Yi yi fen zi</em> \u8b70\u85dd\u4efd\u5b50, vol. 15 (September 2010), pp. 33-45.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 33-45", "url": null}, {"citation": "Watt, James C. Y., Maxwell K. Hearn, and others. <em>The World of Khubilai Khan: Chinese Art in the Yuan Dynasty</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2010.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 181, pp. 154-155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Walker, Nathaniel Robert. \u201cReforming the Way: The Palace and the Village in Daoist Paradise.\u201d <em>Utopian Studies</em>, vol. 24, no. 1, 2013, pp. 6\u201322.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig.3, p. 11", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/utopianstudies.24.1.0006"}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 201\u2013203, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kim, Najung. \"Beckoning the Recluse: Qian Xuan's 'Dwelling in the Floating Jade Mountains' and Song Loyalism.\" <em>Journal of Song-Yuan Studies </em>51 (2022): 261\u2013303, plates 256\u2013260.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 282, fig. 12; Reproduced: p. 258", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 222, no. 97", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kwok, Zoe S. \"The Pan Family: Merchants and Collectors in Canton.\" <em>Record of the Art Museum, Princeton University </em>81 (2025): 82\u201397.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 93, fig. 9", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.95", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.95/1997.95_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "346", "filesize": "345552", "filename": "1997.95_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.95/1997.95_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "931", "filesize": "2553241", "filename": "1997.95_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.95/1997.95_full.tif", "width": "17085", "height": "4678", "filesize": "319720592", "filename": "1997.95_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": 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"annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. A. Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160137, "creators": [{"id": 11199, "description": "Chen Ruyan (Chinese, c. 1331\u20131371)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u9673\u6c5d\u8a00", "birth_year": "1326", "death_year": "1371", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11204, "description": "Ni Zan (Chinese, 1301\u20131374)", "extent": "calligraphy by", "qualifier": null, "role": "calligrapher", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u502a\u74da", "birth_year": "1301", "death_year": "1374", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1300\u20131370", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Land of Immortals", "The Land of the Immortals"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:19:04.505000"}, {"id": 96097, "accession_number": "1916.1835", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bill, c. 1480. Italy, 15th century. Steel, wood haft; overall: 184.8 cm (72 3/4 in.); blade: 11.4 cm (4 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1835", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Bill", "creation_date": "c. 1480", "creation_date_earliest": 1475, "creation_date_latest": 1485, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, 15th century"], "technique": "steel, wood haft", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 184.8 cm (72 3/4 in.); Blade: 11.4 cm (4 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.848, "length_inch": 72, "length_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "blade": {"width": 0.114, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "length": 0.775, "length_inch": 30, "length_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211267, "title": "The Book of Kings:  Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible", "description": "<i>The Book of Kings:  Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 27-December 29, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-10-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "With its long shaft, the bill was useful for reaching mounted men, and a military version soon emerged.", "description": "This weapon known as the \"bill\" was developed from an agricultural tool and was one of the first staff weapons to be used by medieval infantries. Used throughout Western Europe, it was particularly popular in Italy and England where it served as an equivalent to the Central European halberd. Fitted with a pronounced hook whose inside and outside curves were cutting edges, it was topped by a long spike.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756674"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1835-bill"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour.</em> [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 373", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 181-182, H3; Reproduced: Plate XL, H3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n261"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 44", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n51"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 126, 168; cat. no. 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "Louis, William Noel, and Daniel H. Weiss. <em>The Book of Kings: Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible.</em> Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2002.", "page_number": "exh. cat. #33, fig. 8, pp. 94, 189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shafroth, Frank. \"Deep Cuts: The Crisis in State Funding.\" <em>American Association of Museums. Museum News</em> 82 (July 2003).", "page_number": "no. 4. p. 34.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 28-1, no. 105", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1835", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1835/1916.1835_web.jpg", "width": "497", "height": "893", "filesize": "128816", "filename": "1916.1835_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1835/1916.1835_print.jpg", "width": "1894", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2178054", "filename": "1916.1835_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1835/1916.1835_full.tif", "width": "3280", "height": "5888", "filesize": "57965628", "filename": "1916.1835_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96097, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1480", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:10:27.457000"}, {"id": 98798, "accession_number": "1918.472", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Prunus Vase with Inlaid Lotus and Reed Design (\uccad\uc790 \uc0c1\uac10 \uc5f0\uaf43\u00b7\uac08\ub300\ubb34\ub2ac \ub9e4\ubcd1 [\u9751\u78c1\u8c61\u5d4c\uf999\uf935\u6587\u6885\u7501]), 1300s. Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392). Celadon ware with inlaid white and black slip decoration; overall: 33 cm (13 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of John L. Severance, 1918.472", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Prunus Vase with Inlaid Lotus and Reed Design", "title_in_original_language": "\uccad\uc790 \uc0c1\uac10 \uc5f0\uaf43\u00b7\uac08\ub300\ubb34\ub2ac \ub9e4\ubcd1 [\u9751\u78c1\u8c61\u5d4c\uf999\uf935\u6587\u6885\u7501]", "creation_date": "1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1399, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392)"], "technique": "Celadon ware with inlaid white and black slip decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 33 cm (13 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.33, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.115, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "outer diameter": {"width": 0.193, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "diameter of mouth": {"width": 0.055, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616779, "title": "Korean Pottery, a Few Textiles, and Paintings", "description": "<i>Korean Pottery, a Few Textiles, and Paintings</i>. 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Severance [1863\u20131936], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Prunus vases are often believed to contain a branch of plum blossoms, but recent research reveals that these lidded vases were also used to contain cooking liquid such as sesame oil.", "description": "As early as the seventh century, the practice of drinking tea and wine became an important part of elite culture in Korea. Once used to store alcoholic beverages, this type of vase features a wide body followed by a sharply rounded shoulder, a short neck and a small opening. Most of the remaining examples no longer have a lid, but originally it may have had a lid that not only covers the opening, but also served as a cup.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778271"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.472-prunus-vase-with-inl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment, 918-1392</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi, Young-hee. \"The Study on Techniques and their Interrelations among Craft Arts of the Goryeo Dynasty [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \uacf5\uc608\uae30\ubc95 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc0c1\ud638\uad00\ub828\uc131\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c].\" <em>Misulsa hakbo</em> 22 (2004): 133-170.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00557781"}, {"citation": "Yi, Jong-min. \"A Study on the Celadons Maebyeong of the Goryeo Dynasty [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \uccad\uc790\ub9e4\ubcd1 \uc5f0\uad6c].\" <em>Kangjwa misulsa</em> (2006): 157-190.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE09054887"}, {"citation": "Kim, Yunjeong. \u201cInfluence of Yuan Dynasty Wares on the Inlaid Celadons of the Late Goryeo [\uace0\ub824\ud6c4\uae30 \uc0c1\uac10 \uccad\uc790\uc5d0 \ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc6d0\ub300 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5].\u201d <em>Misulsahak yeongu </em>(2006): 163-205.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.kci.go.kr/"}, {"citation": "Jang, Namwon.\"The Changes of accepting ceramics between the Goryeo and the Yuan in Khubilai era [\ucfe0\ube4c \ub77c\uc774\uc2dc\ub300 \uace0\ub824\u00b7\uc6d0 \ub3c4\uc790\uc218\uc6a9\uc758 \ubcc0\ud654].\u201d <em>Misulsa-wa sigak munhwa</em> (2009): 194-223.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.kci.go.kr/"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and So\u0306n Su\u0306ng-hye. <em>The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 64-65, no. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo: The Glory of Korea </em>[\ub300\uace0\ub824, \uadf8 \ucc2c\ub780\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sparkles of Jade: Goryeo Celadon</em> [\u9ad8\u9e97\u9752\u78c1 : \u30d2\u30b9\u30a4\u306e\u304d\u3089\u3081\u304d]. O\u0304saka: O\u0304saka: Shiritsu To\u0304yo\u0304 To\u0304ji Bijutsukan, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. 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Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98798, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-09-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:20:21.511000"}, {"id": 146721, "accession_number": "1972.166", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Standing Disciple Mahakasyapa Holding a Cylindrical Reliquary, c. 550. China, Hebei province, Southern Xiangtangshan caves, Northern Qi dynasty (550-577). Limestone with traces of pigment; overall: 116 x 33 x 25 cm (45 11/16 x 13 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1972.166", "current_location": "241C Chinese Buddhist Sculptures", "title": "Standing Disciple Mahakasyapa Holding a Cylindrical Reliquary", "creation_date": "c. 550", "creation_date_earliest": 545, "creation_date_latest": 555, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Hebei province, Southern Xiangtangshan caves, Northern Qi dynasty (550-577)"], "technique": "limestone with traces of pigment", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Southern Dynasties", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 116 x 33 x 25 cm (45 11/16 x 13 x 9 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.16, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.33, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.25, "depth_inch": 9, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 219843, "title": "Echoes of the Past: The Buddhist Cave Temples at Xiangtangshan", "description": "<i>Echoes of the Past: The Buddhist Cave Temples at Xiangtangshan</i>. The David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art, Chicago, IL (September 30, 2010-January 16, 2011); National Museum of Asian Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (February 26-July 31, 2011); Meadows Museum, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX (September 10, 2011-January 8, 2012); San Diego Museum of Art (February 18-July 22, 2012).", "opening_date": "2010-09-30T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>5\u00e8 Exposition des Arts de l'Asie: Collection Victor Goloubew</em>. Muse\u0301e Cernuschi, Paris, France (1913\u20131914).", "opening_date": "1913-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Edgar Worch [1880\u20131972], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Victor Goloubew [1878\u20131945], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1913\u2013?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(\u00c9tude Couturier et Nicolay, H\u00f4tel Drouot sale, November 10, 1972, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "November 10, 1972", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Heim Gallery, Paris, France, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The complex of Buddhist cave temples at Xiangtangshan, \u201cMountain of Echoing Halls,\u201d is a central achievement of the Northern Qi period.", "description": "Mahakasyapa, the disciple of Shakyamuni, is presented with closed eyes in an expression of meditative concentration. He is holding a reliquary for the Buddha\u2019s ashes, which symbolize the Buddha entering final spiritual attainment (nirvana) at death. The artistic simplicity exemplifies the spiritual content of this figure.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756375"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.166-standing-disciple-ma"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Muse\u0301e Cernuschi. <em>Collection Victor Goloubew</em>. [Paris]: [Victor Jacquemin], 1913.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 53, p. 18; Reproduced: pl. III", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sir\u00e9n, Osvald. <em>Chinese Sculpture from the Fifth to the Fourteenth Century; over 900 Specimens in Stone, Bronze, Lacquer and Wood, Principally from Northern China</em>. London: E. Benn, Limited, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 332", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mizuno, Seiichi \u6c34\u91ce\u6e05\u4e00 and Toshio Nagahiro \u9577\u5ee3\u654f\u96c4. <em>Kyo\u0304do\u0304zan sekkutsu: Kahoku Kanan sho\u0304kyo\u0304 ni okeru Hokusei jidai no sekkutsu jiin</em>. [\u97ff\u5802\u5c71\u77f3\u7a9f : \u6cb3\u5317\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u5317\u9f4a\u6642\u4ee3\u306e\u77f3\u7a9f\u5bfa\u9662 = The Buddhist Cave-Temples of Hsiang-t'ang-ssu] Kyo\u0304to: To\u0304ho\u0304 Bunka Gakuin Kyo\u0304to Kenkyu\u0304jo, 1937.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1972.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 3 (1973): 63\u2013115.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 277, p. 114; Reproduced: no. 277, p. 94", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25093732"}, {"citation": "Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan \u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662. <em>Hai wai yi zhen. fo xiang</em> [\u6d77\u5916\u907a\u73ce. \u4f5b\u50cf = Chinese art in overseas collections. Buddhist sculpture]. Taibei Shi: Guo li gu gong bo wu yuan, 1986.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pl. 52", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Matsubara, Saburo\u0304 \u677e\u539f\u4e09\u90ce. <em>Chu\u0304goku Bukkyo\u0304 cho\u0304koku shiron </em>[\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ecf\u6559\u5f6b\u523b\u53f2\u8ad6 = Research in the History of Chinese Buddhist Sculpture]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Yoshikawa Ko\u0304bunkan, 1995.", "page_number": "Reproduced: vol. 2, pl. 450", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sun, Di, editor. <em>Zhongguo liu shi hai wai Fo jiao zao xiang zong he tu mu </em>[\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u5931\u6d77\u5916\u4f5b\u6559\u9020\u50cf\u603b\u5408\u56fe\u76ee = Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Buddhist Statues in Overseas Collections]. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "vol. 3, p. 624", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tsiang, Katherine R., and Richard A. Born.<em> Echoes of the Past: The Buddhist Cave Temples of Xiangtangshan</em>. Chicago: Smart Museum of Art, University of Chicago, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 26, pp. 216\u2013217", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 94", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.166", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_web.jpg", "width": "515", "height": "893", "filesize": "45473", "filename": "1972.166_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_print.jpg", "width": "1960", "height": "3400", "filesize": "525757", "filename": "1972.166_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_full.tif", "width": "4502", "height": "7806", "filesize": "105476816", "filename": "1972.166_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "535", "height": "893", "filesize": "42983"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2036", "height": "3400", "filesize": "510860"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4663", "height": "7784", "filesize": "108937780"}, "date_created": "2013-06-18T14:09:14", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "488", "height": "893", "filesize": "32948"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1859", "height": "3400", "filesize": "393439"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4286", "height": "7838", "filesize": "100808840"}, "date_created": "2013-06-18T14:56:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "101992"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1179640"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144021688"}, "date_created": "2013-06-18T15:04:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "512", "height": "893", "filesize": "55616"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1950", "height": "3400", "filesize": "750747"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.166/1972.166_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4502", "height": "7849", "filesize": "106033964"}, "date_created": "2013-06-18T15:07:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 146721, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 545, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 550", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Ananda"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:30:56.503000"}, {"id": 161268, "accession_number": "1999.45", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of an Official (\uad00\ub8cc\ucd08\uc0c1 [\u5b98\u50da\u8096\u50cf]), early 1800s. Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910). Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk; painting only: 147.7 x 76.4 cm (58 1/8 x 30 1/16 in.); overall: 218.9 x 89.6 cm (86 3/16 x 35 1/4 in.); overall with knobs and cord: 221.9 x 96.9 cm (87 3/8 x 38 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1999.45", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Portrait of an Official", "title_in_original_language": "\uad00\ub8cc\ucd08\uc0c1 [\u5b98\u50da\u8096\u50cf]", "creation_date": "early 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1840, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Joseon dynasty (1392\u20131910)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting only: 147.7 x 76.4 cm (58 1/8 x 30 1/16 in.); Overall: 218.9 x 89.6 cm (86 3/16 x 35 1/4 in.); Overall with knobs and cord: 221.9 x 96.9 cm (87 3/8 x 38 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.595, "height_inch": 62, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.91, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "painting only": {"height": 1.477, "height_inch": 58, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.764, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "with borders": {"height": 1.563, "height_inch": 61, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.865, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "overall": {"height": 2.189, "height_inch": 86, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.896, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "overall with knobs and cord": {"height": 2.219, "height_inch": 87, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.969, "width_inch": 38, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 695133, "title": "Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art", "description": "<i>Provenance: Journeys of Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10, 2026-April 25, 2027).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 238)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 12, 2013-January 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-06-12T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "National Palace Museum, Seoul, South Korea (September 11-October 13, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-09-11T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(The Chinese Porcelain Company, New York, NY, sold to the Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, MD)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131998", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Honorable Joseph P. Carroll and Roberta Carroll, MD, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1998-1999", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Joseph P. Carroll, Ltd., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1999\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A piece of leopard skin covering the chair is a typical gift from the royal court to court officials.", "description": "The quest of capturing one\u2019s spirit through imagery held a special place in the tradition of portrait making in East Asia. A portrait\u2019s resemblance to the subject was considered to be a way to transmit the sitter\u2019s spirit to the viewer. A three-quarter view, much preferred in Joseon-period portraits like this one, allows the viewer to examine the sitter\u2019s personality or spirit without an exchange of glances. <br><br>Dressed in a pale pink court uniform, the gentleman sits on a chair draped with leopard skin, a symbol of royal favor. Due to the missing inscription, which was likely trimmed off, we cannot identify him. Yet, we know a few things: His uniform informs us that he worked in the royal court sometime during the 1700s or later because the color of office uniforms changed from dark green to pale pink in the early 1700s. Considered to be an important historical family relic, this type of full-length portrait was often placed above the spirit house and venerated during ancestral worship rituals.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477953"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.45-portrait-of-an-offic"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. <em>Portrait Paintings in Korea </em>[\ud55c\uad6d\ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 \uc5f0\uad6c]. Seoul: Youlhwadang, 1983.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Yi, Tae-ho. <em>Realism in Late-Joseon Period Painting</em> [\uc870\uc120 \ud6c4\uae30 \ud68c\ud654 \uc758 \uc0ac\uc2e4 \uc815\uc2e0. Seoul: Hakkojae, 1996.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMajor Contemporary German Painting Acquired by CMA,\u201d June 9, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4262"}, {"citation": "<em>Portraits of the Joseon Period</em> [\uc870\uc120 \uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cho, Sun-mie. <em>Great Korean Portraits.</em> Seoul: Dolbegae Publishers, 2010.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Treasures from Korea: Arts and Culture of the Joseon Dynasty, 1392-1910</em>. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kim, Yeong-ju. \"Study on Joseon-Period Korean Portraits in Formatted in Hanging Scroll [\uc870\uc120\uc2dc\ub300 \ucd08\uc0c1\ud654 \uc871\uc790\uc758 \ud615\uc2dd\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c].\" <em>Misul sahak</em> no. 28 (2014): 61\u201395.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE02488829"}, {"citation": "The Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation. \"Support for Conservation and Use of the Korean Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 320\u2013323. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 320-323, fig. 6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jung-Jae Conservation Center. \"The Conservation Report on Two Korean Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: <em>Portrait of a Scholar Official</em>.\" In <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8, and An Min-hu\u0306i, ed., 334\u2013345. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 334\u2013345", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.45", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.45/1999.45_web.jpg", "width": "465", "height": "893", "filesize": "67904", "filename": "1999.45_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.45/1999.45_print.jpg", "width": "1771", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1048450", "filename": "1999.45_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.45/1999.45_full.tif", "width": "3405", "height": "6536", "filesize": "66788564", "filename": "1999.45_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 161268, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.875000"}, {"id": 515375, "accession_number": "2022.86", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Triptych with The Lamentation of Christ (center), St. Barbara (left wing), St. Catherine of Alexandria (right wing), The Annunciation (reverse wings), c. 1500. Master of the Krainburg Altar (Austrian, active c. 1485\u20131510). Center: oil on poplar; Wings: oil and gold leaf on poplar panel; center: 45.7 x 33 cm (18 x 13 in.); wings: 51 x 15.9 cm (20 1/16 x 6 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 2022.86", "current_location": "111 German and Austrian Gothic", "title": "Triptych with The Lamentation of Christ (center), St. Barbara (left wing), St. Catherine of Alexandria (right wing), The Annunciation (reverse wings)", "creation_date": "c. 1500", "creation_date_earliest": 1495, "creation_date_latest": 1505, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "Center: oil on poplar; Wings: oil and gold leaf on poplar panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Center: 45.7 x 33 cm (18 x 13 in.); Wings: 51 x 15.9 cm (20 1/16 x 6 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"center": {"height": 0.457, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.33, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "wings": {"height": 0.51, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.159, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition des Primatifs Fran\u00e7ais,</em> Louvre, Paris, France (1904).", "opening_date": "1904-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Holbein and his Contemporaries</em>, The John Herron Art Museum, Indianapolis, ID (22 October-24 December 1950).", "opening_date": "1950-10-22T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Van Eyck to Durer: Early Netherlandish Painting and Central Europe, 1430-1530 </em>Groeninge Museum, Bruges, Belgium (29 October 2010-30 January 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Richard von Kaufmann, Berlin, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sale: Cassirer and Helbing, Berlin, 1917, II, lot 122)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1917", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Alfred Bum Collection, Brno, Czechoslovakia, by descent to his son, Martin Bum", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Martin Bum (changed to Boome), New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Sale: Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, 5 November 1942, lot 46)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "5 November 1942", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Clarence Y. Palitz, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Thence By Decent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Richard L. Feigen & Co.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Private Collection, USA, sold through Ben Elwes Fine Art, to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "c. 2009-2022", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2022-", "sortorder": 10}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Master of Krainburg was active in the area of today's Slovenia and should therefore be called the Master of Kranj in Slovenian.", "description": "The triptych shows an exact representation of Jerusalem. The model is a woodcut by Erhard Reuwich for the publication Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, by Bernhard von Breydenbach, published in Mainz in 1486. This book became a bestseller, reprinted thirteen times over the next three decades. The painter who was active in today\u2019s Slovenia around 1500 adapted this for his depiction of the Lamentation of Christ.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117247332"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2022.86-triptych-with-the-la"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Exposition des Primitifs Franc\u0327ais,</em> and HENRI FRANCOIS XAVIER MARIE BOUCHOT. EXPOSITION DES PRIMITIFS FRANCAIS. 1904.", "page_number": "no. 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Paul Cassirer und Hugo Helbing (Firm).<em> Die Sammlung Richard von Kaufmann</em>, Berlin; II. Band. 1917.", "page_number": "lot 122", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc. <em>Paintings by Old Masters.</em> 1942.", "page_number": "lot 46", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ring, G. \"An Austrian Triptych\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em>, XXVI (March, 1944).", "page_number": "pp. 51-52, figs. 1-2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "John Herron Art Institute. <em>Holbein and His Contemporaries, A Loan Exhibition of Painting in France, The Netherlands, Germany and England, October 22-December 24, 1950.</em> 1950.", "page_number": "no. 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Panofsky, Erwin.<em> Early Netherlandish Painting; Its Origins and Character. </em>Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1966.", "page_number": "I, p. 462, no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vignjevic\u0301, Tomislav. <em>Der Altar von Krainburg (Kranj) un die Fresken in St. Primus oberhalb Kamnik: zu\u0308r ku\u0308nstlerischen identita\u0308t eines spa\u0308tgotischen Malers</em>. Wien: Anton Schroll &amp; Co, 1992.", "page_number": "S. 106-115", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vignjevic, Tomislav. <em>Der Meister des Krainburger Altars.</em> Ljubljana: Narodna Galerija, 1996.", "page_number": "pp. 70-73", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Borchert, Till, and Julien Chapuis.<em> Van Eyck to Du\u0308rer: The Influence of Early Netherlandish Painting on European Art, 1430-1530</em>. London: Thames &amp; Hudson, 2011.", "page_number": "no. 258, pp. 462-463", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2022.86", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.86/2022.86_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "594", "filesize": "341357", "filename": "2022.86_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.86/2022.86_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2244", "filesize": "3723855", "filename": "2022.86_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.86/2022.86_full.tif", "width": "13111", "height": "8652", "filesize": "340341768", "filename": "2022.86_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.86/2022.86_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "900", "filesize": "267057"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.86/2022.86_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2746", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2993343"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2022.86/2022.86_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7278", "height": "9012", "filesize": "196799036"}, "date_created": "2022-08-17T15:54:30", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 515375, "creators": [{"id": 515373, "description": "Master of the Krainburg Altar (Austrian, active c. 1485\u20131510)", "extent": "execution", "qualifier": null, "role": null, "biography": "Austrian painter, active ca. 1490-1520", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1470", "death_year": "1570", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2022-09-12T04:00:00Z", "sortable_date": 1495, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 09:05:04.064000"}, {"id": 149378, "accession_number": "1978.38", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Shah Jahan, c. 1656\u201361. Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669). Pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash; sheet: 22.5 x 17.1 cm (8 7/8 x 6 3/4 in.); secondary support: 27.6 x 22.4 cm (10 7/8 x 8 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1978.38", "current_location": null, "title": "Shah Jahan", "creation_date": "c. 1656\u201361", "creation_date_earliest": 1656, "creation_date_latest": 1661, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "pen and brown ink and brush and brown wash", "support_materials": [{"description": "light brown Japanese paper laid down on beige(1) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Dutch", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 22.5 x 17.1 cm (8 7/8 x 6 3/4 in.); Secondary Support: 27.6 x 22.4 cm (10 7/8 x 8 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.225, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.171, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.276, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.224, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "On verso of secondary support, upper center, in graphite: Portrait of; upper center, in brown ink: Portrait of Sh\u00e1h Jah\u00e1n Emperor of Hindustan [inscription in English] / Shah Jahan Padshah [inscription in Persian]; upper right, in graphite: Ouseley / written by Sir Gore Ou[seley] 1809; lower left, in graphite: 334; fragment of old mount (now removed), in blue pencil: 3[crossed out with black ink]; fragment of old mount (now removed), in gray ink: Portrait of Sh\u00e1h Jeh\u00e1n / Emperor of Hind\u00fbstan; in black ink: 5[written over 5 in graphite] Indian Prince [underlined]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304283, "title": "Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings with von Hirsh Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 15-December 4, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1978</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309575, "title": "Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics", "description": "<i>Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-August 1, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361543, "title": "Romance of the Taj Mahal", "description": "<i>Romance of the Taj Mahal</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (December 17-March 11, 1989); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (April 28-June 24, 1990); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, VA (August 23-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1989-12-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 214325, "title": "Rembrandt in America", "description": "<i>Rembrandt in America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 19-May 28, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"id": 290551, "title": "Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India", "description": "<i>Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (March 13-June 24, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-03-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India.</em> J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (February 13-June 24, 2018) p. 80.", "opening_date": "2018-02-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Rembrandt-Ausstellung zu Ehren Ihrer Majest\u00e4t K\u00f6nigin Wilhelmine der Niederlande, anl\u00e4sslich des Jubil\u00e4ums ihrer f\u00fcnfzigj\u00e4hrigen Regierungszeit. </em>Katz Galerie, Basel (July 24\u2013September 30, 1948), no. 29.", "opening_date": "1948-09-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jonathan Richardson, Sr., London, 1665-1745 (Lugt 2184); his mount; his sale, Cock, London, 22 January-11 February 1747, lot 70 \"a book of Indian Drawings, 25 in number\"", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1747", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Peregrine Cust, 6th Lord Brownlow, Belton House, Grantham, 1899-1978; his sale, Sotheby's, London 29 June 1926, lot 25, to Duveen", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1926", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "with Joseph Duveen, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Wilhelm Reinhold Valentiner, Detroit, 1880-1958; his sale, Mensing, Amsterdam, 25 October 1932, lot 12", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1926-1932", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Robert von Hirsch, Frankfurt and Basel, 1883-1977; his sale, Sotheby's, London, 20 June 1978, lot 38; to Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1932-1978", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Mughal ruler portrayed in this drawing carries a fly swatter in his left hand.", "description": "Rembrandt\u2019s drawing portrays Shah Jahan, the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1628-58. It is one of twenty-three drawings that Rembrandt made after Indian miniatures, which he had very likely studied in an album then in Holland. By the 18th century, the album had been dismantled, and the model for this drawing now resides at the Schloss Sch\u00f6nbrunn, Vienna. Rembrandt imposed his characteristic realist tendencies on a more detailed, formal, and stylized model, bringing the shah to life with especially fine pen strokes on the face and shoes mixed with evanescent brown ink washes around the figure that introduce a dynamic interplay of light, shade, and figure. Above the shah\u2019s head, he scratched away parts of the ink and paper to create a nimbus shape that frames the profile. His meticulous technique and use of a rare and expensive Japanese paper suggest that he regarded his drawings after Mughal paintings as exceptional.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79930528"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.38-shah-jahan"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold. <em>Die Handzeichnungen Rembrandts</em>. New York: E. Weyhe, 1925.", "page_number": "p. 34, no. 643", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto. <em>Rembrandt, Werk und Forschung</em>. Wien: Gilhofer u. Ranschburg, 1934.", "page_number": "p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto, and Johannes Wilde. <em>Rembrandt: Selected Drawings</em>. London: Phaidon, 1947.", "page_number": "Vol 1, p. 44, no. 229; Vol 2, plate 229", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto. <em>The Drawings of Rembrandt. [A Critical and Chronological Catalogue]</em>. London: Phaidon Press, 1954-57.", "page_number": "Vol 5, p. 338, no. 1193, fig. 1417", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Kenneth. <em>Rembrandt and the Italian Renaissance</em>. London: Murray, 1966.", "page_number": "pp. 166-67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benesch, Otto, and Eva Benesch. <em>The Drawings of Rembrandt</em>. London: Phaidon Press, 1973.", "page_number": "Vol 5, p. 321, no. 1193, fig. 1491", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cThe Cleveland Museum of Art Acquires Six Works from Von Hirsch Collection,\u201d August 1, 1978, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr2569"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201348.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14; Mentioned: p. 45, no. 102", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M.<em> Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 14-15, 39; fig. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lunsingh Scheurleer, P., \"Mogol-miniaturen door Rembrandt nagetekend.\" <em>De Kroniek van het Rembrandthuis</em> 32, no. 1 (1980): pp. 10-40.", "page_number": "pp. 30-32, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Broos, B. P. J., \"Rembrandts Indische Miniaturen.\" <em>Spiegel Historiael</em> 15 (April 1980): pp. 210-18.", "page_number": "pp. 210-11, fig. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 353, fig. 54", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Haverkamp Begemann, Egbert, and Carolyn Logan. <em>Creative Copies: Interpretative Drawings from Michelangelo to Picasso. </em>New York, NY: The Drawing Center, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 127-29, no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya.<em> Romance of the Taj Mahal.</em> London: Thames and Hudson, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 195-97, fig. 208.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Royalton-Kisch, Martin. <em>Drawings by Rembrandt and His Circle in the British Museum</em>. London: British Museum Press, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blankert, Albert. <em>Rembrandt: A Genius and His Impact</em>. Melbourne: National Gallery of Victoria, 1997.", "page_number": "under no. 38, fig. 93a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster.<em> Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 68, p. 9, pp.168-169, p. 293; Reproduced: p. 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Filipczak, Zirka Z. \u201cRembrandt and the Body Language of Mughal Miniatures.\u201d <em>Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek (NKJ) / Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art</em>, vol. 58, 2007, pp. 162\u2013187.", "page_number": "p. 168, fig. 5; p. 169; p. 170", "url": "JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/24707933."}, {"citation": "Robinson, William W. <em>Rembrandt's \"Indian Drawings\" and His Later Work</em>. New York: Drawing Institute, The Morgan Library &amp; Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 14-15, fig. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schrader, Stephanie, Catherine Ann Glynn, Yael Rice, William W. Robinson, and Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. <em>Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India</em>. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, Plate 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Green, Dominic. \"The Twain Did Meet.\" <em>Art &amp; Antiques, </em>(April 2018): 88-93.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92 (right)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Robinson, William W. \"A Book of Indian Drawings, by Rembrandt, 25 in Number.\" In <em>Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India. </em>Stephanie Schrader, ed., 43-60. Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "pp. 52-53Reproduced: P. 53, fig.38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schrader, Stephanie, ed. <em>Rembrandt and the Inspiration of India. </em>Los Angeles: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 80, pl.1, and cover", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.38", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "900", "filesize": "224249", "filename": "1978.38_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_print.jpg", "width": "2636", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2584393", "filename": "1978.38_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_full.tif", "width": "4789", "height": "6176", "filesize": "88763016", "filename": "1978.38_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "900", "filesize": "234091"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2637", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3047428"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6204", "height": "8000", "filesize": "148927888"}, "date_created": "2017-09-25T12:37:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "699", "height": "900", "filesize": "247528"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2642", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3050207"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4815", "height": "6197", "filesize": "89549096"}, "date_created": "2017-04-05T16:47:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "900", "filesize": "122209"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2830", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1592076"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "7208", "filesize": "129773948"}, "date_created": "2017-04-05T16:35:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "736", "height": "900", "filesize": "151046"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2781", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2278701"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5940", "height": "7261", "filesize": "129421348"}, "date_created": "2017-04-05T16:51:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "682", "height": "893", "filesize": "114610"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2596", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1719115"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.38/1978.38_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4229", "height": "5537", "filesize": "70275436"}, "date_created": "2012-01-19T14:06:57", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149378, "creators": [{"id": 2520, "description": "Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch, 1606\u20131669)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1606", "death_year": "1669", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-08-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1656, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1656\u201361", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:41:21.811000"}, {"id": 93986, "accession_number": "1914.561.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Coffin of Bakenmut (lid), c. 1000\u2013900 BCE. Egypt, Thebes, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE), Dynasties 21\u201322. Gessoed and painted sycamore fig; overall: 68 cm (26 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1914.561.b", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Coffin of Bakenmut (lid)", "creation_date": "c. 1000\u2013900 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1000, "creation_date_latest": -900, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Thebes, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE), Dynasties 21\u201322"], "technique": "gessoed and painted sycamore fig", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Third Intermediate", "type": "Funerary Equipment", "measurements": "Overall: 68 cm (26 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.68, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "length": 2.08, "length_inch": 81, "length_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1916, no. 91, p. 214; CMA 1991, p. 4, illus.; CMA 1996 (not in cat.)", "opening_date": "1916-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (3/13/16-6/12/16) \"Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt\" Cat pg.87 fig.50", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Thebes, probably Deir el-Bahri. Purchased from Joseph Hassan Ahmed, Luxor, by Lucy Olcott Perkins through Henry W. Kent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["353.14a", "14.561a"], "did_you_know": "Originally another smaller coffin was placed inside this outer coffin and in that the deceased with a mummy board would have rested.", "description": "The coffin of Bakenmut is one of the finest examples of painted wooden coffins made for the priests of Amen and their families at Thebes during Dynasty 21 and early Dynasty 22. The pharaohs of this time were no longer buried in the Valley of the Kings, but instead built tombs in the Delta, far to the north, where they resided. Security was lax in the Theban necropolis. The coffins and funerary goods of the wealthy citizens of Thebes were placed in unmarked and undecorated family tombs cut into the cliffs on the west bank of the Nile. All the care and detail that in more prosperous times were devoted to the decoration of the tomb chapel were now lavished on the elaborately painted coffins. Every available surface is crowded with religious scenes, images of funerary gods and goddesses, protective spells, and magical symbols. The deceased appears mummiform. An elaborate floral collar entirely covers the upper body, exposing only the separately attached hands (now lost). A pair of red \"mummy braces\" are crossed over the chest, their point of intersection marked by a winged sun disk. The lower body is covered with tiny figures modeled in gesso against a yellow background, which gives the effect of gold inlaid with glass or semiprecious stone. The decoration on the interior features two deified dead kings of Dynasty 18. Although these rulers had lived centuries before, memory of their greatness was still very much alive. The main scene near the top depicts Tuthmosis III, the great military pharaoh, who lived 500 years before Bakenmut. Posed as a mummy, the ruler wears a brilliant feathered garment enfolding him with falcon\u2019s wings. The scene below features back-to-back seated images of Amenhotep I, regarded as the patron of the Theban cemetery and worshiped as a local god there.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761507"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1914.561.b-coffin-of-bakenmut-l"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 314-324, cat. no. 251; reproduced: P. 58-59", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. <em>Knockouts: a pocket guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 8, p. 12 - 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 74-75", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tedbury, Imogen. \"Our Woman in Cairo: Lucy Olcott Perkin's Work as an Agent for the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" In <em>The Art Market and the Museum: Institutional Collecting, Display and Patronage since the Mid-Nineteenth Century. </em>Edited by Frances Fowle, and MaryKate Cleary, 167-183. 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Germany, Saxony, 16th century. Wood (walnut?), bone veneers, flax cord, steel (etched, traces of gilding). woolen pompoms, stock decorated wih inlaid trophies of arms; overall: 58.5 cm (23 1/16 in.); bow: 58.5 cm (23 1/16 in.); butt: 5.7 cm (2 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1723.a", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Crossbow of Elector Augustus I of Saxony", "creation_date": "c. 1553\u201373", "creation_date_earliest": 1548, "creation_date_latest": 1578, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Saxony, 16th century"], "technique": "wood (walnut?), bone veneers, flax cord, steel (etched, traces of gilding). woolen pompoms, stock decorated wih inlaid trophies of arms", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 58.5 cm (23 1/16 in.); Bow: 58.5 cm (23 1/16 in.); Butt: 5.7 cm (2 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.585, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "length": 0.635, "length_inch": 25, "length_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "bow": {"width": 0.585, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "butt": {"width": 0.057, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. 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He had a large collection and often gave them to friends.", "description": "This crossbow was a hunting weapon for Prince Elector Augustus I, a member of the ruling elite in the Holy Roman Empire. Augustus, powerful and wealthy, had even the most practical instruments ornately decorated, including this crossbow and its cranequin, or winding device.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746682"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1723.a-crossbow-of-elector"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 175-176, G9; Reproduced: Plate XXXVIII, G9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n252"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. 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Steel; etched, chased and gilded; rack: 34.4 cm (13 9/16 in.); crank: 27 cm (10 5/8 in.); gear housing: 14.2 cm (5 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1723.b", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Cranequin with Arms of Elector Augustus I of Saxony", "creation_date": "c. 1553\u201373", "creation_date_earliest": 1548, "creation_date_latest": 1578, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Saxony, 16th century"], "technique": "steel; etched, chased and gilded", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Rack: 34.4 cm (13 9/16 in.); Crank: 27 cm (10 5/8 in.); Gear housing: 14.2 cm (5 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {}, "rack": {"length": 0.344, "length_inch": 13, "length_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "crank": {"length": 0.27, "length_inch": 10, "length_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "gear housing": {"width": 0.142, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. 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He had a large collection and often gave them to friends.", "description": "This winder or cranequin was for Prince Elector Augustus I, a member of the ruling elite in the Holy Roman Empire. Augustus, powerful and wealthy, had even the most practical instruments ornately decorated, including this cranequin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759024"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1723.b-cranequin-with-arms"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 175-176, G9; Reproduced: Plate XXXVIII, G9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n252"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. [</em>Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein.<em> Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550. </em>Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1723.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "494", "filesize": "167785", "filename": "1916.1723.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1866", "filesize": "1225666", "filename": "1916.1723.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_full.tif", "width": "9232", "height": "5066", "filesize": "140332876", "filename": "1916.1723.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "459", "filesize": "163213"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1735", "filesize": "1095452"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9036", "height": "4611", "filesize": "125019912"}, "date_created": "2020-02-11T20:51:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "557", "filesize": "174561"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2106", "filesize": "1204059"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8525", "height": "5280", "filesize": "135061044"}, "date_created": "2020-02-11T20:54:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "580", "filesize": "182382"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2190", "filesize": "1278678"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt2_full.tif", "width": "8304", "height": "5348", "filesize": "133254596"}, "date_created": "2020-02-11T20:55:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "713", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2695", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt3_full.tif", "width": "9260", "height": "7340", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2006-11-20T15:32:32", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "646", "filesize": "452433"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1739", "filesize": "2960150"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1723.b/1916.1723.b_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5474", "height": "2800", "filesize": "46010596"}, "date_created": "2005-11-15T16:45:25", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95987, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1548, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1553\u201373", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1916.1723", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:10:00.306000"}, {"id": 112971, "accession_number": "1931.65", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Monstrance with a Relic of Saint Sebastian, 1484. Germany, Lower Saxony, Brunswick, Gothic period, 15th century. Gilded silver, rock crystal, bone, parchment; overall: 47 cm (18 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Julius F. Goldschmidt, Z. M. Hackenbroch, and J. Rosenbaum in memory of the Exhibition of the Guelph Treasure held in the Cleveland Museum of Art from 10 January to 1 February 1931, 1931.65", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Monstrance with a Relic of Saint Sebastian", "creation_date": "1484", "creation_date_earliest": 1484, "creation_date_latest": 1484, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Lower Saxony, Brunswick, Gothic period, 15th century"], "technique": "gilded silver, rock crystal, bone, parchment", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 47 cm (18 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.47, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.473, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.194, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.159, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311637, "title": "All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection", "description": "<i>All That Glitters: Great Silver Vessels in Cleveland's Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 23, 1994-January 8, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-11-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Treasury, Cathedral of St. Blaise, Brunswick; House of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg; Julius F. Goldschmidt, New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 112021, "description": "Medallion with the Bust of Christ (\"The Cumberland Medallion\"), from the Guelph Treasure, late 700s. Germany, Weserraum, Migration period, late 8th century. Cloisonn\u00e9 enamel and gold on copper; diameter: 5.1 x 0.2 cm (2 x 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund 1930.504", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112022, "description": "Monstrance with the \"Paten of Saint Bernward\", c. 1180\u20131190. Saint Oswald Reliquary Workshop (German). Silver, gilded silver, niello, rock crystal; overall: 34.5 x 15.9 x 14 cm (13 9/16 x 6 1/4 x 5 1/2 in.); part 1: 13.5 cm (5 5/16 in.); part 2: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with additional gift from Mrs. R. Henry Norweb, 1930.505", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112316, "description": "Arm Reliquary of the Apostles, c. 1190. Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim, Romanesque period, late 12th century. Gilt silver, champlev\u00e9 enamel, oak; overall: 51 x 14 x 9.2 cm (20 1/16 x 5 1/2 x 3 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.739", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112318, "description": "The So-called Horn of Saint Blaise, 1100\u20131200. South Italy or Sicily, 12th century. Ivory; overall: 12 cm (4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.740", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112319, "description": "Book-Shaped Reliquary, c. 1000. Circle of The Master of the Registrum Gregorii (German, active c. 972\u20131000). Ivory, silver: gilded, pearls, rubies, emeralds, crystals, onyx, carnelian, oak; overall: 31.6 x 24.4 x 7.5 cm (12 7/16 x 9 5/8 x 2 15/16 in.); part 1: 17.8 x 14 cm (7 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.741", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112958, "description": "Ceremonial Cross of Countess Gertrude, 1038 or shortly after. Germany, Lower Saxony?, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, intaglio gems, pearls, wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with the addition of a gift from Mrs. Edward B. Greene 1931.55", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112875, "description": "Ceremonial Cross of Count Liudolf, shortly after 1038. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel; intaglio gems; pearls; wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1931.461", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112876, "description": "Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude, c. 1045. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core; overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1931.462", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["283.1931"], "did_you_know": "In the Middle Ages, people suffering from diseases might make a journey, or pilgrimage, to venerate relics such as this one. The faithful believed that the remains of saints and holy people like Saint Sebastian could help those seeking aid such as relief from the plague.", "description": "This Late Gothic monstrance (from the Latin monstrare, \"to show\") is mentioned in the earliest inventory of Saint Blaise as \"a large new monstrance containing relics of Saint Sebastian the martyr.\" Judging from surviving receipts, the reliquary was made by Werner Korff, a local goldsmith, who received payments for silver and gilding at the end of 1484. The reliquary was first displayed on the altar of the church of Saint Blaise in a solemn penitential mass on June 4, 1484, in an effort to ward off the plague. A recent examination revealed that the relic is a human metatarsal bone (one of five long bones of the human foot) and that its owner seemed to have suffered from periostitis, a medical condition that affects the connective tissue surrounding the bone.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781045"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.65-monstrance-with-a-re"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n94"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n94"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n99"}, {"citation": "Winter, Patrick M. de. \u201cThe Sacral Treasure of the Guelphs.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 1 (March 1985): 2\u2013160.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 127, 136; Reproduced: p. 100, pl. XXII", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159893"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> London: Scala Arts &amp; Heritage Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28 - 29", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.65", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.65/1931.65_web.jpg", "width": "591", "height": "900", "filesize": "121492", "filename": "1931.65_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.65/1931.65_print.jpg", "width": "2232", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1160404", "filename": "1931.65_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.65/1931.65_full.tif", "width": "9101", "height": "13864", "filesize": "378556408", "filename": "1931.65_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.65/1931.65_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "592", "height": "900", "filesize": 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Goldschmidt, Z. M. Hackenbroch, and J. Rosenbaum in memory of the Exhibition of the Guelph Treasure held in the Cleveland Museum of Art from 10 January to 1 February 1931", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "e7b4b6274689480fb2ebf70be7afed52", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/e7b4b6274689480fb2ebf70be7afed52", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112971, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-01-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1484, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1484", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:16:48.072000"}, {"id": 117714, "accession_number": "1938.331", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Punch Bowl, c. 1770. Worcester Porcelain Factory (British, established 1751). Soft-paste porcelain; face: 11.5 x 27.7 cm (4 1/2 x 10 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Given in memory of John MacGregor Jr. and Mary Folger MacGregor, by Mrs. John F. McGuire, 1938.331", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Punch Bowl", "creation_date": "c. 1770", "creation_date_earliest": 1765, "creation_date_latest": 1775, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, Worcester"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Face: 11.5 x 27.7 cm (4 1/2 x 10 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"face": {"height": 0.115, "height_inch": 4, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.277, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "<i>Collecting Drawings in England</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Julia Folger MacGregor McGuire (Mrs. John Francis) [1869-1945] New York, NY, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The subtle scale-like pattern on this dish was closely associated with porcelain designs from Worcester during the 1700s.", "description": "Encircling the exterior of this bowl are four segments containing fanciful birds with wide eyes, long necks, and colorful feathers. Both the birds and their frames were inspired by Chinese motifs that had been adapted and popularized by the French. During the 1700s, punch drinking was well suited for large social gatherings and served as a popular alternative to tea drinking. In fact, the exotic birds and scrolling cartouches featured on this porcelain punch bowl also adorned many of Worcester\u2019s tea services.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60747758"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.331-punch-bowl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"A Worcester Punch Bowl.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>25, no. 9 (November 1938): 164-165.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137962"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 152", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n176"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n212"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 67, no. 71", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.331", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "519127", "filename": "1938.331_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2720", "filesize": "4393892", "filename": "1938.331_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_full.tif", "width": "3985", "height": "3188", "filesize": "38143256", "filename": "1938.331_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1240", "height": "893", "filesize": "565796"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2448", "filesize": "3959819"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5430", "height": "3910", "filesize": "63724532"}, "date_created": "2006-12-14T18:41:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "884", "filesize": "556287"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2379", "filesize": "3784232"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5608", "height": "3924", "filesize": "66047732"}, "date_created": "2006-12-14T18:33:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "887", "filesize": "561460"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2389", "filesize": "3866775"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5520", "height": "3879", "filesize": "64266388"}, "date_created": "2006-12-14T18:52:48", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1245", "height": "893", "filesize": "578429"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2438", "filesize": "4043923"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.331/1938.331_alt3_full.tif", "width": "5440", "height": "3900", "filesize": "63678468"}, "date_created": "2006-12-14T18:59:54", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Given in memory of John MacGregor Jr. and Mary Folger MacGregor, by Mrs. John F. McGuire", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117714, "creators": [{"id": 14375, "description": "Worcester Porcelain Factory (British, established 1751)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "The longest-lived and considered one of the best English porcelain factories, the Worcester factory was founded in 1751. The first era of the factory's history is known as the \"Dr. Wall Period\" (1751-1776) after John Wall, who was one of the founders and shareholders.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-07-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1765, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1770", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:06:00.211000"}, {"id": 130309, "accession_number": "1952.84", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu), 1800s. Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/ Kingdom, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild. Gold; diameter: 11 cm (4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1952.84", "current_location": "108C African Jewelry and Metalwork", "title": "Disk Pendant (akrafok\u0254nmu)", "creation_date": "1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, Ghana, Asante Empire/ Kingdom, member of the goldsmiths\u2019 guild"], "technique": "Gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Jewelry", "measurements": "Diameter: 11 cm (4 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.11, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "<i>The Imagination of Primitive Man</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Brooklyn Museum (10/18/1954 - 1/2/1955): \"Masterpieces of African Art\"", "opening_date": "1954-10-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Nelson Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City (1/18/1962 - 2/25/1962): \"The Imagination of Primitive Man\"", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art at The Museum of Contemporary Art, Cleveland (6/9/2006 - 8/20/2006): \"The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sir Cecil Hamilton Armitage, Ghana", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "ca. 1900", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131952", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Gold miners from the Akan region once mined gold to make local objects like this and to supply gold for trade across trans-Saharan routes and into places as far away as Europe.", "description": "Gold discs dangling on the chests of Akan state officials and elites showed their rank and duties. Worn by these <em>akrafo </em>(\u201csoul people\u201d) since the 1800s, they are often linked to <em>kradware, </em>officials who represent and purify (\u201cwash\u201d) the king\u2019s soul. To make them, goldsmiths cast or flattened gold. Muslim North African gold coins likely inspired their form and material, while concentric water rings influenced their composition. This small disc is typical of pre-colonial examples. Gold ornament making ceased until 1924; court officials now wear large discs.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79912055"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.84-disk-pendant-akrafok"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ratton, Charles. \u00ab Les bijoux en forme de disque etc. \u00bb Special Issue,<em> Pr\u00e9sence Africaine </em>: <em>L'Art N\u00e8gre</em> 10-11. Paris : Aux Editions du Seuil (1951)", "page_number": "Ill. opp. p. 129, no. 53; text p. 146.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jopling, Carol F., ed. <em>Art and Aesthetics in Primitive Societies</em>. NY: E.P. Dutton &amp; Co., Inc., 1971: 66.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Simms, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006: 32.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum. <em>Masterpieces of African Art. Exhibition Dates: October 21, 1954-January 2, 1955.</em> [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "William Rockhill Nelson Gallery of Art and Mary Atkins Museum of Fine Arts, and Ralph T. Coe. <em>The Imagination of Primitive Man: A Survey of the Arts of the Non-Literate Peoples of the World.</em> Kansas City, Mo: The Museum, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 25, cat. no. 34", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.84", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_web.jpg", "width": "869", "height": "900", "filesize": "240106", "filename": "1952.84_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_print.jpg", "width": "3281", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2893468", "filename": "1952.84_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_full.tif", "width": "9060", "height": "9388", "filesize": "255195536", "filename": "1952.84_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "887", "height": "900", "filesize": "248711"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3349", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3179485"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9246", "height": "9388", "filesize": "260434424"}, "date_created": "2025-10-02T22:15:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "946", "height": "893", "filesize": "653385"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3209", "filesize": "2197002"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.84/1952.84_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4226", "height": "3988", "filesize": "50580928"}, "date_created": "2009-06-12T15:19:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130309, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Soul Disk Pendant (krakonmu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:44:01.227000"}, {"id": 142781, "accession_number": "1966.480", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Miniature Table with Compass, c. 1890\u201395. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918), Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860\u20131903). Gold, enamel, glass, steel; overall: 5.6 x 4.2 cm (2 3/16 x 1 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.480", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Miniature Table with Compass", "creation_date": "c. 1890\u201395", "creation_date_earliest": 1890, "creation_date_latest": 1895, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "gold, enamel, glass, steel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 5.6 x 4.2 cm (2 3/16 x 1 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.056, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.042, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "56, crossed anchors [assay mark for St. Petersburg, 1882-99]; initials of workmaster Mikhail Perkhin (in Cyrillic); Faberg\u00e9 (in Cyrillic).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A small compass is concealed in the top of this miniature table for use when looking at maps.", "description": "The giving of small precious objects as intimate gifts between family members within the imperial court was spurred by the House of Faberg\u00e9's seemingly endless supply of bejeweled utilitarian objects decorated as expensively as possible, such as this little desk compass disguising as a miniature table in the Louis XVI taste of the late 1700s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761930"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.480-miniature-table-with"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16, cat. 4; reproduced: p. 17.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112, cat. 95; reproduced in color: p. 112", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 199, cat. 77.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}, {"citation": "Tillander-Godenhielm, Ulla, and Peter Carl Faberge\u0301. <em>Faberge\u0301: ja ha\u0308nen suomalaiset mestarinsa</em>. Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtio\u0308 Tammi, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/317629230"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.480", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.480/1966.480_web.jpg", "width": "891", "height": "893", "filesize": "385106", "filename": "1966.480_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.480/1966.480_print.jpg", "width": "3267", "height": "3273", "filesize": "5372798", "filename": "1966.480_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.480/1966.480_full.tif", "width": "3267", "height": "3273", "filesize": "32113964", "filename": "1966.480_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.480/1966.480_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1030", "height": "893", "filesize": "428929"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.480/1966.480_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2949", "filesize": "4700899"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.480/1966.480_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4012", "height": "3480", "filesize": "41919656"}, "date_created": "2008-06-06T15:10:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.480/1966.480_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "410503"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.480/1966.480_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "3418463"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.480/1966.480_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4496", "height": "3474", "filesize": "46888400"}, "date_created": "2007-12-28T18:33:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142781, "creators": [{"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 8914, "description": "Mikhail Evlampievich Perkhin (Russian, 1860\u20131903)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "workmaster", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1860", "death_year": "1903", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1890, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1890\u201395", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Compass"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:24.671000"}, {"id": 161595, "accession_number": "2000.17", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ren\u00e9-Charles Dassy and His Brother Jean-Baptiste-Claude-Am\u00e9d\u00e9 Dassy, 1850. Hippolyte Jean Flandrin (French, 1809\u20131864). Oil on canvas, original frame; framed: 173.5 x 134 x 14 cm (68 5/16 x 52 3/4 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 133.4 x 92.7 cm (52 1/2 x 36 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2000.17", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "Ren\u00e9-Charles Dassy and His Brother Jean-Baptiste-Claude-Am\u00e9d\u00e9 Dassy", "creation_date": "1850", "creation_date_earliest": 1850, "creation_date_latest": 1850, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas, original frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 173.5 x 134 x 14 cm (68 5/16 x 52 3/4 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 133.4 x 92.7 cm (52 1/2 x 36 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.735, "height_inch": 68, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 1.34, "width_inch": 52, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.14, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 1.334, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.927, "width_inch": 36, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed and dated, lower right, Hip. Flandrin, 1850", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 351016, "title": "Hippolyte, Paul, Auguste. Les Flandrin, artistes et fr\u00e8res", "description": "<i>Hippolyte, Paul, Auguste. Les Flandrin, artistes et fr\u00e8res</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, 69001 Lyon, France (organizer) (May 19-September 5, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-05-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Salon of 1850, No. 1071", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Paris, Exposition Universelle, 1855", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Paris, Ecole Imp\u00e9riale des Beaux-Arts, Hippolyte Flandrin, 1865, No. 27", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "By descent through the sitter's family", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(W.M. Brady & Co. Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2000", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2000\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Thin walking sticks, like the one pictured here, were trendy accessories at the time.", "description": "This double portrait depicts two brothers dressed in the height of fashion for the 1850s, clearly asserting their social status. Jean-Baptiste (left, age 23) carries gloves and a walking stick. Ren\u00e9-Charles (right, age 25) wears an embroidered black velvet suit in the exotic \u00e0 la grecque mode (in the Greek style) inspired by the Greek war of independence (1821\u201332). Flandrin represents the figures in an academic style emphasizing line over color, reflecting his training as a pupil of J. A. D. Ingres.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477987"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2000.17-rene-charles-dassy-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cFrench 19th-Century Double Portrait Acquired; <em>Jazz Bowl</em> Purchased at Auction,\u201d June 19, 2000, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4343"}, {"citation": "\"A Selection of 2000 Museum Acquisitions.\" <em>Apollo: The International Magazine of Art &amp; Antiques</em> 152 (December 2000): 17\u201349.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bellenger, Sylvain. \"Seeing Double.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 41, no. 1 (January 2001): 8-9.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2001-01/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Badea-Pa\u0306un, Gabriel. <em>The Society Portrait: From David to Warhol.</em> New York: Vendome Press, 2007.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 84; Mentioned: P. 86", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Marchetti, Elena, and Ste\u0301phane Paccoud. <em>Hippolyte, Paul, Auguste: lLs Flandrin, Artistes et Fre\u0300res.</em> [Lyon]: Muse\u0301e des Beaux-Arts de Lyon; [Paris]: In Fine, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 243, cat. no. 270", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2000.17", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.17/2000.17_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "279153", "filename": "2000.17_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.17/2000.17_print.jpg", "width": "2348", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4035120", "filename": "2000.17_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.17/2000.17_full.tif", "width": "2915", "height": "4221", "filesize": "36924796", "filename": "2000.17_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.17/2000.17_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "622", "height": "893", "filesize": "268586"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.17/2000.17_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2370", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4626199"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2000.17/2000.17_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3974", "height": "5700", "filesize": "67985816"}, "date_created": "2007-07-24T13:35:30", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 161595, "creators": [{"id": 13387, "description": "Hippolyte Jean Flandrin (French, 1809\u20131864)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1809", "death_year": "1864", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2000-06-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1850, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1850", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:23:55.341000"}, {"id": 169261, "accession_number": "2011.143", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Hevajra, c. 1200. Northeastern Thailand, former kingdom of Angkor. Bronze; overall: 46 x 23.9 cm (18 1/8 x 9 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Maxeen and John Flower in honor of Dr. Stanislaw Czuma, 2011.143", "current_location": null, "title": "Hevajra", "creation_date": "c. 1200", "creation_date_earliest": 1195, "creation_date_latest": 1205, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northeastern Thailand, former kingdom of Angkor"], "technique": "Bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Cambodian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 46 x 23.9 cm (18 1/8 x 9 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.46, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.239, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 296834, "title": "Beyond Angkor: Cambodian Sculpture from Banteay Chhmar", "description": "<i>Beyond Angkor: Cambodian Sculpture from Banteay Chhmar</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 14, 2017-March 25, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-10-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 379206, "title": "Beyond Bollywood: 2000 Years of Dance in Art", "description": "<i>Beyond Bollywood: 2000 Years of Dance in Art</i>. The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (November 11, 2022-February 5, 2023) https://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/art/exhibitions/upcoming-exhibitions/beyond-bollywood-2000-years-of-dance-in-art/; Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (March 31-July 10, 2023) https://exhibitions.asianart.org/exhibitions/beyond-bollywood-2000-years-of-dance-in-art/.", "opening_date": "2022-11-11T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Chai Ma Antiques, Bangkok, Thailand, sold to Maxeen Stone Flower)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u2013December 1987", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Dr. John A. [1921\u20132011] and Maxeen Stone Flower [1928\u20132010], Shaker Heights, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "December 1987\u20132011", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2011\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Hevajra, the Tantric Buddhist deity who personifies Enlightenment, dances vigorously to symbolize the human soul's liberation from the snare of existence.", "description": "Hevajra was an important figure signaling the practice of Buddhist rituals. King Jayavarman VII placed particular emphasis on Hevajra during consecration rituals and set up a colossal stone sculpture of dancing Hevajra at the east gate of his fortified city in the Khmer capital at Angkor. In the Cambodia of Jayavarman VII, tantric Buddhism became public and widespread, practiced together with other more mainstream forms of Buddhism, Hinduism, and ancestor worship. <br><br>The iconography of Hevajra is described in detail in a text that bears his name, the <em>Hevajra-tantra</em>, first composed in India probably in the 800s. Hevajra has eight heads, sixteen arms, and four legs. His left hands hold images of Indic gods; wealth, death, sun, moon, fire, wind, water, and earth. In his right hands are animals: bull, lion, human, cat, camel, sheep, horse, and elephant. They all sit in skull cups, objects also used in tantric rituals. He dances on a corpse that embodies ignorance and is surrounded by eight yoginis who dance triumphantly in a ring around him. Yoginis functioned as intercessors between human practitioners and enlightened beings. <br><br>Many bronze images of Hevajra were made during the reign of Jayavarman VII, but few survive in as pristine condition as this example. According to scientific analysis and curatorial reports, this sculpture survived in a clay vessel submerged in water, which accounts for its high tin content and unusual gray patina. Samples from the clay core reveal the presence of the mineral feldspar, a characteristic of clay from the Isaan plateau, on the other side of the mountain range not far from Banteay Chhmar, in present-day Thailand.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80076273"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2011.143-hevajra"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 98\u201399", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Acquired by North American Museums, 2010-2011.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 62, 2012, pp. 105\u2013153.", "page_number": "Reproduced: 118, fig. 15", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/43677806"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J. \"A Shared Passion.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 52, no. 2 (March/April 2012): 7\u20139.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 7\u20139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2012-02/page/n5/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "\"Recent acquisitions (2005-11) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>1312:154 (July 2012): pp. 525\u2013532.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. VII, p. 527", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 220\u2013221", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bassoul, Aziz. <em>Splendour of Khmer Iconography: Ancient Cambodian Art of the 5th to the 13th Centuries in Major World Museums and Private Collections.</em> Beirut: Cedar of Lebanon Editions, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 322\u2013323, no. 145", "url": null}, {"citation": "McGill, Forrest. \"Dancing in Circles.\" In <em>Beyond Bollywood: 2000 Years of Dance in the Arts of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Himalayan Region</em>. Forrest McGill, ed., 33\u201347. San Francisco, CA: Asian Art Museum, 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35, fig. 4; Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 146\u2013147, no. 33", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2011.143", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.143/2011.143_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "893", "filesize": "79574", "filename": "2011.143_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.143/2011.143_print.jpg", "width": "2729", "height": "3400", "filesize": "904614", "filename": "2011.143_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.143/2011.143_full.tif", "width": "4583", "height": "5708", "filesize": "78505344", "filename": "2011.143_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2011.143/2011.143_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "79537"}, "print": {"url": 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"has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:48:49.561000"}, {"id": 114776, "accession_number": "1934.373", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Horse Stable (\u53a9\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8), early 1500s. Japan, Muromachi period (1392\u20131573). Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper; painting: 146 x 349.6 cm (57 1/2 x 137 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1934.373", "current_location": null, "title": "Horse Stable", "title_in_original_language": "\u53a9\u56f3\u5c4f\u98a8", "creation_date": "early 1500s", "creation_date_earliest": 1500, "creation_date_latest": 1525, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Muromachi period (1392\u20131573)"], "technique": "Pair of six-panel folding screens; ink, color, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Folding screen", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 146 x 349.6 cm (57 1/2 x 137 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting": {"height": 1.46, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 3.496, "width_inch": 137, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "mounted": {"height": 1.633, "height_inch": 64, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 3.66, "width_inch": 144, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302033, "title": "Japanese Decorative Style", "description": "<i>Japanese Decorative Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (August 30-October 15, 1961); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (November 9-December 17, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302380, "title": "Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections", "description": "<i>Japanese Screens from the Museum and Cleveland Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 23-May 8, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-03-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309646, "title": "Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Reflections of Reality in Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 16-May 1, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-03-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309844, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "<i>Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 1-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310026, "title": "Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen", "description": "<i>Byobu: The Art of the Japanese Screen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1987-January 10, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361390, "title": "Screen Paintings of the Muromachi Period", "description": "<i>Screen Paintings of the Muromachi Period</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (March 28-May 7, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-03-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311469, "title": "The Triumph of Japanese Style: 16th Century Art in Japan", "description": "<i>The Triumph of Japanese Style: 16th Century Art in Japan</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19-December 1, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185596, "title": "Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Unfolding Beauty:  Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 15-September 16, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-07-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202129, "title": "Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Admired from Afar: Masterworks of Japanese Painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo, Japan (January 15-February 23, 2014); Kyushu National Museum, Fukuoka, Japan (July 8-August 31, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-01-15T00:00:00"}, {"id": 687098, "title": "Practice and Play in Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Practice and Play in Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-November 30, 2025).", "opening_date": "2025-06-20T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marquis Tokugawa of the Shizuoka branch of the Tokugawa family", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Tokyo Art Club [Tokyo Bijutsu Kurabu], Tokyo, Japan, April 4, 1927 sale, Lot 100)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "April 4, 1927", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Shima Tokuz\u014d \u5cf6 \u5fb7\u85cf [1875\u20131938], Osaka, Japan", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Osaka Art Club [Osaka Bijutsu Kurabu \u5927\u962a\u7f8e\u8853\u4ff1\u697d\u90e8], Osaka, Japan, November 29, 1934, sale, Lot 82)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "November 29, 1934", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1934\u2013", "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is the earliest surviving example of the \"horse stable\" theme in Japanese screens.", "description": "Prized horses in stables may be the main theme of this pair of screens, but a lot of action is happening on the verandas. Falconry is the focus of one of the screens, while in the other, people challenge one another at two different boardgames, go and <em>sh\u014dgi</em>. A lively atmosphere develops in the interplay of the dynamic horses, the birds of prey, and the strategic games.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60513917"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1934.373-horse-stable"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard C. \u201cA Pair of Japanese Screens.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 24, no. 1 (January 1937): 5\u20138, 15.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 5\u20138; Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137815"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 920", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n162"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Japanese Decorative Style</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 36\u201337; cat. no. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/JapaneseDecorativeStyle/page/n49"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n303"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n303"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cHorse Racing at Kamo Shrine.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64, no. 8 (October 1977): 255\u2013275.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 255\u2013256, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159543"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 377", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n397"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E, Ursula Korneitchouk, Michael R Cunningham, Ursula Korneitchouk, Cleveland Museum of Art, Japan House Gallery, Japan Society (New York, N.Y.), and Japan House Gallery. <em>One Thousand Years of Japanese Art (650-1650): From the Cleveland Museum of Art: Catalogue</em>. New York: Japan Society, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 50\u201351, no. 25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. <em>The Triumph of Japanese Style: 16th-Century Art in Japan</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with the Indiana University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 68\u201369", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef: \u7279\u522b\u5c55: \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089= Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 102\u2013103, cat. no. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R. <em>Unfolding Beauty: Japanese Screens from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael. \"Two Exhibitions of Japanese Painting.\" <em>Orientations</em>, vol 32, number 6 (June 2001): pp. 63\u201368.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 66\u201367", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Admired from afar: masterworks of Japanese painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> [\u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30d6\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u5c55 : \u540d\u753b\u3067\u305f\u3069\u308b\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u7f8e Kur\u012bburando Bijutsukan ten: meiga de tadoru Nihon no bi ]. Tokyo: T\u014dky\u014d Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 76\u201378, cat. no. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Singer, Robert T., Masatomo Kawai, Barbara Ambros, Thomas Blenman Hare, Federico Marcon, Masaaki Arakawa, and Thomas Blenman Hare. <em>The Life of Animals in Japanese Art</em>. Washington, District of Columbia: National Gallery of Art; Tokyo, Japan: The Japan Foundation; Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Princeton, New Jersey: In association with Princeton University Press, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 171, pp. 188\u2013189", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koyama-Richard, Brigitte. <em>Animaux Dans La Peinture Japonaise</em>. Lyon: Nouvelles e\u0301ditions Scala, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 162\u2013163", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sin\u00e9ad. \"The Japanese Art Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1915-1951.\" In <em>Great Waves &amp; Mountains: Perspectives and Discoveries in Collecting the Arts of Japan. </em>Natsu Oyobe, and Allysa B. Peyton, eds., 160\u2013197. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 175\u2013177, 7.11", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1934.373", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.373/1934.373_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "821", "filesize": "", "filename": "1934.373_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.373/1934.373_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3101", "filesize": "", "filename": "1934.373_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.373/1934.373_full.tif", "width": "16925", "height": "15439", "filesize": "", "filename": "1934.373_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.373/1934.373_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "394", "filesize": "140750"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.373/1934.373_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1488", "filesize": "1256656"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1934.373/1934.373_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8000", "height": "3500", "filesize": "84036948"}, "date_created": "2008-02-15T15:45:02", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 114776, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1934-12-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Horses and Grooms in the Stable"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:01:12.279000"}, {"id": 124167, "accession_number": "1945.169.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Royal Reception in a Landscape, right folio from the double frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (Persian, about 940\u20131019 or 1025) (verso), 1444. Iran, Shiraz, Timurid period (1370-1501). Opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper; image: 26.3 x 20.7 cm (10 3/8 x 8 1/8 in.); overall: 32.5 x 22.1 cm (12 13/16 x 8 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1945.169.b", "current_location": null, "title": "Royal Reception in a Landscape, right folio from the double frontispiece of a Shahnama (Book of Kings) of Firdausi (Persian, about 940\u20131019 or 1025) (verso)", "creation_date": "1444", "creation_date_earliest": 1444, "creation_date_latest": 1444, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Iran, Shiraz, Timurid period (1370-1501)"], "technique": "opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Image: 26.3 x 20.7 cm (10 3/8 x 8 1/8 in.); Overall: 32.5 x 22.1 cm (12 13/16 x 8 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.263, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.207, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "overall": {"height": 0.325, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.221, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 443710, "title": "Persian Miniature Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Persian Miniature Manuscripts</i>. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380961, "title": "Islamic art rotation", "description": "<i>Islamic art rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 2013-December 15, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 294015, "title": "Arts of Iran (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Arts of Iran (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 2018-October 28, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-10-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exhibition of Muhammedan Art [Die Ausstellung Von Meisterwerken der Muhammadanischen Kunst in Munchen]</em>. Munich, Germany (1910).", "opening_date": "1910-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (1935). [lent by Minassian] (both folios?)", "opening_date": "1935-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Islamic Art</em>. De Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, CA (February 24-March 22, 1937).", "opening_date": "1937-02-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Persian Art. </em>The Iranian Institute, New York, NY (1940).", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Islamic Art</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1944).", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Mostra d'Arte Iranica</em> [<em>Exhibition of Iranian art</em>]. Instituto Italiano Per Il Medio Ed Estremo Oriente, Rome (June-August 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>7000 Ans d'art en Iran</em>. Petit Palais, Paris (October-November 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Muslim Miniature Paintings from American Collections</em>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy; Asia House, New York, NY (September 1962-February 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Juxtapositions</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Imperial Images in Persian Painting</em>. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, Scotland (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Twain Shall Meet</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Order and Rhythm: Carpets from the Islamic World</em>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (September 10-November 7, 1993<em>).</em>", "opening_date": "1993-09-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Philipp Walter Schulz [1864-1920], Leipzig, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1914", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Mrs. Kirkor [Antoinette P. Clark] Minassian [1874-1961], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "before 1935-1945", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1945-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A musician plays a harp that has been mounted over a stream, painted with now tarnished silver paint.", "description": "The painting on the verso of this folio is the first half of a double-page frontispiece now detached from a <em>Shah-nama</em> manuscript (see <a href=\"http://cma.org/art/1956.10\"><u>CMA 1956.10</u></a><u> </u>for the second half of the frontispiece). The scene does not illustrate a narrative from the <em>Shah-nama</em>, but is likely a representation of the courtly audience for whose entertainment the manuscript was created. The date and style of the painting indicate that it was made during the reign of the Timurid dynasty in Shiraz, Iran.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760095"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1945.169.b-royal-reception-in-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \u201cA Sh\u0101hn\u0101mah Frontispiece.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>(December 1956) vol. 43, no. 10, 1956, pp. 213\u2013217.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 213-217; Reproduced: p. 217", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142170"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 722", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n132"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n246"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n246"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n299"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 45, p. 350", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Gharipour, Mohammad. <em>Persian Gardens and Pavilions, Reflections in History, Poetry and the Arts</em>. London: I.B. Tauris &amp; Co Ltd., 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced:  fig. 85, p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 228-229", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mackie, Louise W. <em>Symbols of Power: Luxury Textiles from Islamic Lands, 7th-21st Century</em>. Cleveland, OH; New Haven, CT: The Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.132; Mentioned: p 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "Soucek, Priscilla. \" Looking East, Looking West: The Artistic Connections of Ming China and Timurid Iran.\" In <em>Ming China: Courts and Contacts, 1400-1450. </em>Craig Clunas, Jessica Harrison-Hall, and Yu Ping Luk., eds., p. 233. London: The British Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 233, pl. 26.8a-b", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.169.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "900", "filesize": "332006", "filename": "1945.169.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_print.jpg", "width": "2389", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3329480", "filename": "1945.169.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_full.tif", "width": "4802", "height": "6834", "filesize": "98482728", "filename": "1945.169.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "676", "filesize": "371382"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2553", "filesize": "3740606"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6986", "height": "5246", "filesize": "109978604"}, "date_created": "2017-04-28T12:21:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "375149"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4012036"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144033336"}, "date_created": "2017-04-28T15:10:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "893", "filesize": "528650"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2302", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7079905"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1945.169.b/1945.169.b_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4515", "height": "6668", "filesize": "90353920"}, "date_created": "2009-11-23T15:18:19", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124167, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1945-08-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1444, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1444", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1945.169", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["A Princely Banquet in a Garden, Right folio of Double Page Frontispiece (verso) from a Manuscript of the Shahnama by Firdawsi", "Royal Feast in a Garden, verso of right folio from the double-page frontispiece of a Shah-nama of Firdausi (Persian, about 934\u20131020)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:24:11.938000"}, {"id": 128285, "accession_number": "1951.277", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "View of a Castle (recto); Eight-Sided Cup (verso), 1513. Wolfgang Huber (Austrian, 1490\u20131553). Pen and brown ink; sheet: 13.1 x 21.2 cm (5 3/16 x 8 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1951.277", "current_location": null, "title": "View of a Castle (recto); Eight-Sided Cup (verso)", "creation_date": "1513", "creation_date_earliest": 1513, "creation_date_latest": 1513, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Austria"], "technique": "pen and brown ink", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Austrian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 13.1 x 21.2 cm (5 3/16 x 8 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.131, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.212, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "recto: upper center, in brown ink: 1513; lower left, in brown ink: v. h\r\nverso: by artist?, across entire sheet, in black ink: [Ov]iduss Beschribet gar schon / Von einem Cunig Akteon / Wie er aing mal\u00df wolt jagen thain / jagt hin und da jm Holtze / fand er ein G\u00f6ttin Rein vnd stoltze / Diana / die padet mit jeren junkfrauen / die peg\u00fcnnt er an zu schowen / Da\u00df es sie ser verdross / sy in mit Wasser pegoss / Zw [illegible] Hirschen un wissent / da\u00df jm sin eigen H\u00fcnt zeryssen / Da\u00df er sich zum Hirschen verkert / von seinen Hunden zerrissen zu d[illegible] / Erd [sideways]; upper center, in red chalk: [illegible, crossed out] / adltof.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300830, "title": "German Drawings", "description": "<i>German Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 11-December 18, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-11-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350752, "title": "Old Master Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 29, 1966-February 28, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-07-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361381, "title": "Prints and Drawings of the Danube School", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings of the Danube School</i>. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (organizer) (October 9-November 16, 1969); Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, PA (December 11, 1969-January 25, 1970); Saint Louis Art Museum (February 10-March 24, 1970).", "opening_date": "1969-10-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311557, "title": "The German Tradition", "description": "<i>The German Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-June 27, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-04-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Arnold Otto Meyer, Hamburg (1825-1903), Lugt 1994 (not stamped)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1914", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "his sale, C. G. Boerner, Leipzig, 19-20 March 1914, no. 300", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1914", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "art market, 1930 (according to Halm 1930, 4)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Probably Collection Prince Franz Josef II von Liechtenstein (1906-1989), Vienna (according to file; no stamp)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-ca. 1950", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "with Kunsthandlung Walter Feilchenfeldt, Zurich", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1950", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sheet of paper, with drawings on both sides, as well as a poem, shows how artists in the Renaissance often used one sheet of paper for various purposes.", "description": "This drawing depicts a castle in southern Germany in the area around the Danube River known for its wooded and rocky heights and dramatic views. Wolfgang Huber's meandering, pen and ink lines describe the contours of the earth and the lushness of summer foliage in a horizontal layout that focuses on the middle distance with a barely recorded foreground. Huber may have made the drawing during a journey between Feldkirch and Vienna as he traveled along the Danube. In 1513 when this drawing was made, landscape was rarely depicted as a subject in and of itself, but artists in the Danube region such as Huber exhibited a profound sensitivity to nature. A drawing on the reverse of the sheet depicts a cup studded with gems and a poem written in a contemporary hand telling the mythological story of Actaeon's transformation into a stag when he intruded upon the goddess Diana and her nymphs bathing.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79908710"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.277-view-of-a-castle-rec"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Weinberger, Martin. Wolfgang Huber. Leipzig: Im Inselverlag, 1930.", "page_number": "no. 18; pp. 56-57, 68, 231", "url": null}, {"citation": "Halm, Peter, \"Die Landschaftzeichnungen des Wolfgang Huber. Mit 35 Abbildungen,\" M\u00fcnchner Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst VII (1930): pp. 1-104.", "page_number": "no 47; pp. 4, 8, 90-91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Horn, Adam, \"Eine Wiederentdeckte Alte Ansicht der Burg Harburg im Ries,\" Zeitschrift des Historischen Vereins f\u00fcr Schwaben LVII (1950): pp. 35-37.", "page_number": "pp. 35-37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"A Pen Drawing by Wolfgang Huber.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>39, no. 3 (March 1952): 53-55.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51; Mentioned: p. 54", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141779"}, {"citation": "Heinzle, Erwin. Wolf Huber, um 1485-1553. Innsbruck: Universita\u0308tsverlag Wagner, 1953.", "page_number": "no. 14; pp. 11, 15, 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oettinger, Karl. Datum und Signatur bei Wolf Huber und Albrecht Altdorfer; zur Beschriftungskritik der Donauschulzeichnungen. Erlangen: [Universita\u0308tsbund Erlangen], 1957.", "page_number": "no. 9, pp. 12, 25-26, 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 582", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n109"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n136"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 112", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n136"}, {"citation": "Talbot, Charles W., and Alan Shestack<em>. Prints and Drawings of the Danube School; An Exhibition of South German and Austrian Graphic Art of 1500 to 1560.</em> New Haven: Printed by the Carl Purington Rollins Printing-Office of the Yale University Press, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11, p. 16, pp. 76-77, no. 78, pl. 41", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stange, Alfred. Malerei der Donauschule. Mu\u0308nchen: Bruckmann, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rose, Patricia. Wolf Huber Studies: Aspects of Renaissance Thought and Practice in Danube School Painting. New York: Garland Pub, 1977.", "page_number": "p. 5 n4", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 131", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n151"}, {"citation": "Winzinger,Franz. Das Gesamtwerk. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer Verlag, 1979.", "page_number": "1: no. 22; pp. 7, 8, 82-83, 193, 2: p. VII, pl 22, A7, XIV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L., and Edward J. Olszewski. Drawings in Midwestern Collections: A Corpus. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996.", "page_number": "no. 100, pp. 166-168.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 150-51, 292; Reproduced: P. 151, cat. no. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L., et al. Sixteenth-Century Northern European Drawings. London, England: Harvey Miller, 2012.", "page_number": "no. 100, pp. 166-168", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wood, Christopher S., and Albrecht Altdorfer. Albrecht Altdorfer and the Origins of Landscape. 2014.", "page_number": "p. 203", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Jenkins, Catherine, et al. <em>The Renaissance of Etching</em>. <br>New York, New York : The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 47; reproduced: p. 99, fig. 42", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.277", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.277/1951.277_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "281", "filesize": "193046", "filename": "1951.277_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.277/1951.277_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1063", "filesize": "1688585", "filename": "1951.277_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.277/1951.277_full.tif", "width": "12910", "height": "4036", "filesize": "156339200", "filename": "1951.277_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.277/1951.277_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "571", "filesize": "212136"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.277/1951.277_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2156", "filesize": "2500224"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.277/1951.277_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6316", "height": "4006", "filesize": "75931300"}, "date_created": "2009-09-30T18:28:30", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128285, "creators": [{"id": 12039, "description": "Wolfgang Huber (Austrian, 1490\u20131553)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1490", "death_year": "1553", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-07-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1513, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1513", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Harburg Castle", "View of a Castle (Harburg Castle?)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:37:10.441000"}, {"id": 126086, "accession_number": "1948.306", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Driving Rain at Sh\u014dno, from Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaid\u014d (\u6771\u6d77\u9053\u4e94\u5341\u4e09\u6b21\u4e4b\u5185\u3000\u5e84\u91ce\u3000\u767d\u96e8), 1833. Utagawa Hiroshige (Japanese, 1797\u20131858). Color woodblock print; 38 x 25.4 cm (14 15/16 x 10 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. T. Wingate Todd from the Collection of Dr. T. Wingate Todd, 1948.306", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "Driving Rain at Sh\u014dno, from Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaid\u014d", "title_in_original_language": "\u6771\u6d77\u9053\u4e94\u5341\u4e09\u6b21\u4e4b\u5185\u3000\u5e84\u91ce\u3000\u767d\u96e8", "creation_date": "1833", "creation_date_earliest": 1833, "creation_date_latest": 1833, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868)"], "technique": "color woodblock print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Print", "measurements": "38 x 25.4 cm (14 15/16 x 10 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.38, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.254, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signature: Hiroshige ga.\nPublisher: Takenouchi Magohachi (Hoeido han).\nSeal: kiwame.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304431, "title": "Japanese Woodblock Prints: Themes and Techniques", "description": "<i>Japanese Woodblock Prints: Themes and Techniques</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 3-October 19, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-09-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304542, "title": "Promenades, Pageants, Processions, and Pilgrimages", "description": "<i>Promenades, Pageants, Processions, and Pilgrimages</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 25, 1981-January 3, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-08-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309857, "title": "Transformations in Japanese Printmaking", "description": "<i>Transformations in Japanese Printmaking</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25-December 30, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310122, "title": "The View from Afar: Whistler and the Japanese Print", "description": "<i>The View from Afar: Whistler and the Japanese Print</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 9-October 16, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-08-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 178454, "title": "Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections", "description": "<i>Visions of Japan: Prints and Paintings from Cleveland Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2004-April 10, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Later Japanese Art Gallery Rotation (Gallery 113)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 20-May 6, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. T. Wingate [Eleanor Pearson] Todd [1889\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131948", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1948\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A large red seal with the publisher\u2019s name, Takenouchi, is stamped on the left side of the print.", "description": "Utagawa Hiroshige\u2019s design for this print captures the atmospheric qualities of rain and its effects on two groups of travelers. Three printing blocks were required to produce the three shades of gray used to suggest distance in the thickets of bamboo in the background. The publisher\u2019s name, \u201cTakenouchi,\u201d and part of the series title, <em>Fifty-Three Stations</em>, are written on one person\u2019s umbrella. Hiroshige created many different print series on the Tokaid\u014d, a road that ran from Kyoto to Edo (now Tokyo). Sh\u014dno was a minor way station along this largely coastal route.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780919"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1948.306-driving-rain-at-shon"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1948.306", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.306/1948.306_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "601", "filesize": "268702", "filename": "1948.306_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.306/1948.306_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2270", "filesize": "3611531", "filename": "1948.306_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.306/1948.306_full.tif", "width": "11966", "height": "7990", "filesize": "286856240", "filename": "1948.306_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.306/1948.306_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "601", "filesize": "215995"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.306/1948.306_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2270", "filesize": "2424888"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1948.306/1948.306_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7884", "height": "5263", "filesize": "124510584"}, "date_created": "2014-07-16T09:34:02", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. T. Wingate Todd from the Collection of Dr. T. Wingate Todd", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 126086, "creators": [{"id": 50381, "description": "Utagawa Hiroshige (Japanese, 1797\u20131858)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u6b4c\u5ddd \u5e83\u91cd", "birth_year": "1797", "death_year": "1858", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1948-11-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1833, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1833", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Driving Rain at Sh\u014dno from the series Fifty-Three Stations of the Tokaid\u014d"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:31:29.246000"}, {"id": 124741, "accession_number": "1946.228", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Turban Band (Llauto), c. 300\u2013100 BCE. Peru, South Coast, Paracas, Late Period. Wool and cotton: needle reseau (netting); overall: 426.5 x 7 cm (167 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1946.228", "current_location": "232 Andean", "title": "Turban Band (Llauto)", "creation_date": "c. 300\u2013100 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -300, "creation_date_latest": -100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Peru, South Coast, Paracas, Late Period"], "technique": "wool and cotton: needle reseau (netting)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Textiles", "collection": "T - Pre-Columbian", "type": "Textile", "measurements": "Overall: 426.5 x 7 cm (167 15/16 x 2 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 4.265, "height_inch": 167, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.07, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 348348, "title": "Gallery 232- Andean Textile Rotation", "description": "<i>Gallery 232- Andean Textile Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 20, 2013-August 25, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-03-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 343661, "title": "Gallery 232-Andean Textile Rotation", "description": "<i>Gallery 232-Andean Textile Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 28, 2019-November 9, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-08-28T04:00:00"}, {"id": 694693, "title": "Ancient Andean Textiles", "description": "<i>Ancient Andean Textiles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 19, 2025-December 13, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The John Wise Collection of Ancient Peruvian Art</em>. The Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT (March 3, 1937-).", "opening_date": "1937-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Ancient Peruvian Textiles</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 5, 1941-April 6, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-03-05T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Emery May Holden Norweb [1895-1984] and Raymond Henry Norweb [1894-1983], Cleveland OH, 1946, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1946", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1946", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This headband may form a matched set with a mantle and tunic in the collection.", "description": "Repeated along the length of this headband is a double-headed bird motif, in which the two heads are seen in profile and joined to a frontal body with outstretched wings. This design also appears in the tunic (1946.227) and mantle (1946.226). These three textiles may have formed a matched set that a socially prominent Paracas man would have worn as an ensemble.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79902747"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.228-turban-band-llauto"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wise, John, and Wendell Clark Bennett. Ancient Peruvian Art, Lent by John Wise, Esq., New York; an Exhibition of the Wadsworth Atheneum, Opening March 3, 1937, Hartford, Connecticut. 1937.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 144", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.228", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.228/1946.228_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "519", "filesize": "279745", "filename": "1946.228_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.228/1946.228_print.jpg", "width": "3000", "height": "1730", "filesize": "1928426", "filename": "1946.228_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.228/1946.228_full.tif", "width": "3000", "height": "1730", "filesize": "15594088", "filename": "1946.228_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Jon A. Lindseth and Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Galleries of the Ancient Americas", "athena_id": 124741, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-07-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 300\u2013100 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:25:59.009000"}, {"id": 159102, "accession_number": "1995.298", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "TLV Mirror with Multiple Nipples (\u591a\u4e73\u535a\u5c40\u5f0f\u93e1), 9\u201323 CE. China, Xin dynasty (9\u201323 CE). Bronze; diameter: 16.9 cm (6 5/8 in.); overall: 1.1 cm (7/16 in.); rim: 0.5 cm (3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee, 1995.298", "current_location": "241B Arts of Ancient China", "title": "TLV Mirror with Multiple Nipples", "title_in_original_language": "\u591a\u4e73\u535a\u5c40\u5f0f\u93e1", "creation_date": "9\u201323 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 9, "creation_date_latest": 23, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Xin dynasty (9\u201323 CE)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Han Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Diameter: 16.9 cm (6 5/8 in.); Overall: 1.1 cm (7/16 in.); Rim: 0.5 cm (3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.169, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "overall": {"height": 0.011, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "rim": {"height": 0.005, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u4f5c\u4f73\u93e1\u54c9\u771f\u5927\u597d\uff0c\u4e0a\u6709\u4ed9\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u8001\u3002\n\u6e34\u98f2\u7389\u6cc9\u98e2\u98df\u68d7\uff0c\u6d6e\u904a\u5929\u4e0b\u50b2\u56db\u6d77\u3002\n\u58fd\u5982\u91d1\u77f3\u70ba\u570b\u4fdd\u3002", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 193152, "title": "Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors", "description": "<i>Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17-November 26, 2000); China Institute in America, New York, NY (February 6-June 2, 2002); Elvehjem Museum of Art, Madison, WI (December 20, 2003-February 29, 2004).", "opening_date": "2000-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213994, "title": "Asian Games: The Art of Contest", "description": "<i>Asian Games: The Art of Contest</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (October 14, 2004-February 5, 2005); National Museum of Asian Art, Washington, DC (February 26-May 15, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; September 17-November 26, 2000.  \"Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors\" exh. cat. no. 28, p. 45; pp. 106, 115; repr. p. 45, color repr. pl. 3, p. 17.", "opening_date": "2000-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, New York:  China Institute Gallery; February 6, 2002-June 2, 2002.  \"Circles of Reflection: The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors\".", "opening_date": "2002-02-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Madison, Wisconsin: Elvehjem Museum of Art, University of Wisconsin-Madison; December 20, 2003-February 29, 2004.  \"Circles of Reflection: The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors\".", "opening_date": "2003-12-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Asia Society Gallery, NY (10/14/2004 - 2/5/2005) and the Arthur M. Sackler Museum, Washington, DC (2/26/2005 - 5/15/2005):  \"Asian Games: The Art of Contest\", exh. cat. no. 10:13, p. 123", "opening_date": "2004-10-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Thomas and Dr. Martha Carter, Madison, WI, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1995", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 1995-present", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1995-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This mirror includes a poetic inscription that credits the immortals as protectors of the kingdom.", "description": "The inscription in this mirror reads: A fine mirror it is, my making of it! I can show the ageless immortals up above. They wander over the earth and belittle the Four Oceans. They live as long as metal and stone, And are true protectors of our kingdom. These poetic lines suggest the reflective and magical qualities of the bronze mirror in the Chinese imagination. Besides reflecting the immortals, it illuminated the human soul so that it would be in tune with forces of yin and yang in Chinese cosmology.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755452"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.298-tlv-mirror-with-mult"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi. <em>Circles of reflection: the Carter collection of Chinese bronze mirrors</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 17, cat. no. 28", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.298", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.298/1995.298_web.jpg", "width": "1046", "height": "893", "filesize": "153533", "filename": "1995.298_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.298/1995.298_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2904", "filesize": "1499794", "filename": "1995.298_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.298/1995.298_full.tif", "width": "7023", "height": "6000", "filesize": "126440012", "filename": "1995.298_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.298/1995.298_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "990", "height": "893", "filesize": "131968"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.298/1995.298_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3068", "filesize": "1647146"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.298/1995.298_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6648", "height": "6000", "filesize": "119689844"}, "date_created": "2012-08-30T13:39:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.298/1995.298_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "893", "filesize": "551868"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.298/1995.298_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1834", "filesize": "2325399"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.298/1995.298_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1834", "filesize": "8454188"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159102, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 9, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "9\u201323 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:14:19.202000"}, {"id": 163645, "accession_number": "2005.144", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "White and Steel Polars, 1945. Theodore Roszak (American, born Kingdom of Prussia [now Poland], 1907\u20131981). Painted wood, steel, iron, and Plexiglas; overall: 271.8 x 40.6 x 40.6 cm (107 x 16 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2005.144. \u00a9  Estate of Theodore Roszak  / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "current_location": "226B American Modern", "title": "White and Steel Polars", "creation_date": "1945", "creation_date_earliest": 1945, "creation_date_latest": 1945, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "painted wood, steel, iron, and Plexiglas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 271.8 x 40.6 x 40.6 cm (107 x 16 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.718, "height_inch": 107, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.406, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.406, "depth_inch": 16, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Estate of Theodore Roszak  / Licensed by VAGA at Artists Rights Society (ARS), NY", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Theodore Roszak Constructions, 1932-1945.</em> Zabriskie Gallery, New York (October 31\u2013December 2, 1978).", "opening_date": "1978-10-31T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Zabriskie Gallery, New York, NY, sold to Atlantic Richfield Company, Los Angeles)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-1979", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Atlantic Richfield Company, Los Angeles, CA", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-1979", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Atlantic Richfield Company, Los Angeles, CA, transfer to ARCO International Gas & Oil, Plano, TX", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1979", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "ARCO International Gas & Oil, Plano, TX  to (Hirschl & Adler, New York, NY and Robert Henry Adams Fine Art, Chicago, IL)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1979-2000", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Hirschl & Adler, New York, NY and Robert Henry Adams Fine Art, Chicago, IL ) sold to Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2000-2005", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2005-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "During the Second World War, Roszak worked for a defense contractor, helping to design aircraft.", "description": "In 1929 Roszak traveled to Prague and met artists interested in making work from industrial materials such as metal and plastic. Inspired by them, he incorporated this approach into his own sculpture for the next few decades.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780972"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Urdang, Beth. <em>Theodore Roszak: Constructions, 1932-1945. </em>Exhibition pamphlet. New York: Zabriskie Gallery, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zabriskie Gallery advertisement, <em>Art in America</em> 66 (November-December 1978).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 51", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kramer, Hilton. \"Art: Roszak Evokes Spirit of Bauhaus,\" New York Times (December 1,1978).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. C17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fichner-Rathus, Lois. <em>Theodore Roszak: Drawings for Constructions, 1931-1945; and Preparatory Sketches, Models and Castings for the MIT Bell Tower,</em> 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marter, Joan. \"Theodore Roszak\u2019s Early Constructions: The Machine as Creator of Fantastic and Ideal Forms,\"<em> Arts Magazine</em> 54 (November 1979).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 110", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marter, Joan. \"Constructivism in America: The 1930s.\"<em> Arts Magazine</em> 56 (June 1982).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pachner, Joan. \"Theodore Roszak and David Smith: A Question of Balance,\" <em>Arts Magazine</em> 58 (February 1984).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dreishpoon,Douglas. <em>Theodore Roszak: Constructivist Works, 1931-1947: Paintings, Constructions, Drawings, Photogram</em>s. Exhibition catalog. New York: Hirschl &amp; Adler Galleries, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dreishpoon, Douglas. <em>Theodore J. Roszak (1907-1981): Painting and Sculpture. </em>Ph.D. dissertation, City University of New York, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Carberry,Valerie. <em>Selections from the Current Inventory: Paintings, Sculpture, Works on Paper vol. VII. </em>Chicago: Robert Henry Adams Fine Art, Spring 2001).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 16-17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 120; Reproduced: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Bi-polar Order\" <em>Cleveland Art</em> 46 (March 2006).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 8-9; Reproduced: p. 8, cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark, \"Bi-polar Order\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 46 no. 03, March 2006", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-03/page/8"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, <em>Annual Report (2005-2006</em>).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4, 30", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>New York: Scala Art Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.144", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Hammond Hemmelgarn Family Gallery", "athena_id": 163645, "creators": [{"id": 14356, "description": "Theodore Roszak (American, born Kingdom of Prussia [now Poland], 1907\u20131981)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Theodore Roszak American, b. Prussia, 1907-1981 Theodore Roszak was a painter and sculptor whose interest in modern European art and the writings of L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Moholy-Nagy led him to experiment with photograms in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Although born in Posen (now Poznan, Poland), Roszak grew up in Chicago. While in high school he took evening classes at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, enrolling there as a full-time student in 1925. In 1926 he moved to New York City, where he studied briefly with Charles Hawthorne at the National Academy of Design and then privately with painter George Luks. He also attended classes in logic and philosophy at Columbia University. The next year he returned to Chicago, resuming his studies at the Art Institute. In 1929 Roszak was awarded a fellowship which allowed him to travel in Europe for two years; during this time he became acquainted with constructivism and the philosophy of the Bauhaus. He returned to the United States in 1931, settling in New York City. His work of this period reflected the influence of constructivist aesthetics. By the mid-1930s he was primarily producing wall reliefs and freestanding geometric constructions made from plastic and wood. From about 1937-41 Roszak began making photograms (cameraless photographs) as a way to experiment with light and geometric form. He also incorporated photograms into his teaching curriculum at the Design Laboratory, an experimental school inspired by the principles of the Bauhaus and Moholy-Nagy (funded by the government under the wpa), where he taught from 1938\u201340. During these years he produced hundreds of photograms, which he never exhibited. From 1940-56 Roszak taught at Sarah Lawrence College. During World War II he taught aircraft mechanics and built airplanes at the Brewster Aircraft Corporation in New Jersey. After the war his sculpture, now created out of welded metal, shifted from a concern with geometric shapes to an interest in more organic, expressionistic forms. Roszak continued to be active as a sculptor throughout the 1960s and from 1970\u201372 taught at Columbia University. The Cleveland Museum of Art also owns two sculptures by Roszak. M.M.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1907", "death_year": "1981", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-09-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1945, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1945", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["White Bi-Polar "], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:33.528000"}, {"id": 122341, "accession_number": "1942.638", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of the Marquise d'Aguirandes, 1759. Fran\u00e7ois Hubert Drouais (French, 1727\u20131775). Oil on canvas; framed: 138.6 x 111.9 x 13.7 cm (54 9/16 x 44 1/16 x 5 3/8 in.); unframed: 101 x 85.6 cm (39 3/4 x 33 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.638", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Portrait of the Marquise d'Aguirandes", "creation_date": "1759", "creation_date_earliest": 1759, "creation_date_latest": 1759, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 138.6 x 111.9 x 13.7 cm (54 9/16 x 44 1/16 x 5 3/8 in.); Unframed: 101 x 85.6 cm (39 3/4 x 33 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.386, "height_inch": 54, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 1.119, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.137, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 1.01, "height_inch": 39, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.856, "width_inch": 33, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper left: \"Drouais fecit 1759\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 217080, "title": "Paris: Life & Luxury", "description": "<i>Paris: Life & Luxury</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (April 26-August 7, 2011); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (September 18, 2011-January 1, 2012).", "opening_date": "2011-04-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Representative Art through the Ages</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8- December 2, 1928).", "opening_date": "1928-11-08T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of French Art form 1200-1900</em>, Roual Academy of Arts, Burlington House, London (January 4-March 5, 1932).", "opening_date": "1932-01-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>20th Anniversary Exhibition</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 26-October 12, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Portraits: Mirror of Man, </em>The Winnipeg Art Gallery, Canada (September 30 to October 28, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-09-30T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Rococo Age: French Masterpieces of the 18th Century</em>, The High Museum of Art, Atlanta, GA (5 October-31 December 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-10-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Magic Mirror: the Portrait in France 1700-1900</em>, Houston Museum of Fine Arts, TX (October 10, 1986-January 25, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-10-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "M. de Callieux, Lyons, France, descendant of the sitter", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "John L. Severance (1863-1936), Cleveland Heights, OH, purchased from CMA exhibition, upon his death, held in trust by the estate", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928-1936", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Estate of John L. Severance Collection, by bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936-1942", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Like many French portraitists active during the ancien r\u00e9gime, Fran\u00e7ois-Hubert Drouais was skilled at veiling the physical imperfections of his subjects. This portrait certainly has this quality: the face has been idealized, smoothed, and perfected, but the focus of the painting is less on the Marquise and more on her elegant gown, which is a particularly fine rendering of eighteenth-century printed cloth, with the brilliant gold and white fabric strewn with meticulously detailed flowers and lace.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60514804"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.638-portrait-of-the-marq"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wildenstein, George \"Le XVIIIe Siecle,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em>, vol. VII (January 1932).", "page_number": "p. 65, fig. 12", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le\u0301on, Paul, W.G. Constable, and Trenchard Cox. <em>Exhibition of French art, 1200-1900</em> [second ed.]. London: Burlington House, 1932.", "page_number": "no. 249, cat. no. 160", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, George \"Paintings from America in the French Exhibition,\" <em>Fine Arts</em>, vol XIX (January 193?).", "page_number": "p. 26, repr. p. 23", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Royal Academy of Arts (Great Britain). Commemorative Catalogue of the Exhibition of French Art, 1200-1900. London: Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1933.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44, no. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Connoisseur</em> (November 1934).", "page_number": "p. 335", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tietze, Hans. <em>Meisterwerke europa\u0308ischer Malerei in Amerika, mit u\u0308ber 300 Kupfertiefdrucktafeln</em>. Wien: Phaidon-Verlag, 1935.", "page_number": "p. 259", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition : June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "no. 58, p. 32. repr. plate IV", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Milliken., W. M. \"World Art at Cleveland,\" <em>American Magazine of Art,</em> XXIX (July 1936).", "page_number": "p. 435", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Art News</em>, (June 13, 1936).", "page_number": "p. 13", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [20], Plate VIII, cat. no. 4; Mention: p. 21, cat. no. 4", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n25"}, {"citation": "<em>Art Digest</em>, vol. XVII (December 1, 1942).", "page_number": "p. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cDepartment of Paintings.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 29, no. 9 (1942).", "page_number": "pp. 130, 135", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "Comstock, Helen \"The John L Severance Collection at Cleveland,\" <em>Connoisseur</em>, CXI (March 1943).", "page_number": "pp. 61, 63", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum,\" <em>Life Magazine</em>, (September 20, 1943).", "page_number": "p. 66", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1945.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1945/page/n39"}, {"citation": "Kertesz, M. Wagner de. <em>Historia universal de las joyas.</em> Buenos Aires: Ediciones Centurion, 1945.", "page_number": "p. 513", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Goncourt, Edmond de, and Jules de Goncourt. <em>French XVIII Century Painters.</em> New York: Phaidon, 1948.", "page_number": "p. v", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland.</em> 1955.", "page_number": "p. 231, no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Winnipeg Art Gallery.<em> Portraits, Mirror of Man: [Exhibition] September 30 to October 28, 1956. </em>Winnipeg: The Gallery, 1956.", "page_number": "cat. no. 24, pp. 1, 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 483", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n88"}, {"citation": "\"Francois Boucher review of Gunnar W Lundberg's Alexander Roslin: Liv och verk (sa vie et son oeuvre)\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts,</em> LVI (1960).", "page_number": "p. 243, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Re\u0301my G.<em> Style, Truth, and the Portrait</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "cat. no. 51", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Davidson, Ruth \"Features-Special Events,\" (\"Portraits in Cleveland\"), <em>Antiques</em>, vol. LXXXIV (October 1963).", "page_number": "p. 464", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"The Artist View of Man: Portraiture Through Four Centuries,\" <em>the Illustrated London News</em>, vol. 243 (October 5, 1963).", "page_number": "p. 521", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Spar, Francis, \"La Lettre d'information de Francis Spar: Les nouveaux go\u00fbts,\" <em>Connaissance des Arts</em>, no. 140 (October 1963).", "page_number": "p. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Boucher, Franc\u0327ois. <em>Histoire du costume en Occident, de l'antiquite\u0301 a nos jours, [par] Franc\u031cois Boucher</em>. [Paris]: Flammarion, 1965.", "page_number": "p. 297, fig. 716", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n160"}, {"citation": "\"Apollo Magazine\" advertisement, <em>Art In America</em>, (May-June 1967).", "page_number": "p. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 136", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n160"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 179", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n199"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 66; Mentioned: p. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zafran, Eric. <em>The Rococo Age: French Masterpieces of the Eighteenth Century. </em>Atlanta, Ga: High Museum of Art, 1983.", "page_number": "cat. no. 33, pp. 73, 88", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shackelford, George T. M., and Mary Tavener Holmes. <em>A Magic Mirror: The Portrait in France, 1700-1900 : the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, October 12, 1986-January 25, 1987. </em>Houston, Tex: The Museum, 1986.", "page_number": "cat. no. 13, p. 58", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kyo\u0304to Kokuritsu Kindai Bijutsukan, and Kyo\u0304to Fukushoku Bunka Kenkyu\u0304 Zaidan. <em>Karei na kakumei: rokoko to shin koten no isho\u0304 ten : 1989-nen 4-gatsu 4-nichi--5-gatsu 28-nichi, Kyo\u0304to Kokuritsu Kindai Bijutsukan</em>. [Kyoto]: Kyo\u0304to Fukushoku Bunka Kenkyu\u0304 Zaidan, 1989.", "page_number": "p. 140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ribeiro, Aileen.<em> Dress in Eighteenth-Century Europe.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "Pls. 92-93, 105, pp. 140, 143, 156", "url": ""}, {"citation": "DeJean, Joan. \"Extravagent display: Paris Life and Luxury\". <em>Antiques </em>(May/June 2011).", "page_number": "p. 145, fig. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bremer-David, Charissa.<em> Paris: Life &amp; Luxury in the Eighteenth Century</em>. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2011.", "page_number": "Fig. 63, p. 106", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.638", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.638/1942.638_web.jpg", "width": "722", "height": "893", "filesize": "451739", "filename": "1942.638_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.638/1942.638_print.jpg", "width": "2749", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5864415", "filename": "1942.638_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.638/1942.638_full.tif", "width": "3924", "height": "4853", "filesize": "57162604", "filename": "1942.638_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.638/1942.638_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "544665"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.638/1942.638_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2714", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6500129"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.638/1942.638_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3991", "height": "5000", "filesize": "59890776"}, "date_created": "2005-01-24T20:47:40", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122341, "creators": [{"id": 1921, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Hubert Drouais (French, 1727\u20131775)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1727", "death_year": "1775", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1759, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1759", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Comtesse d'Aiguirande de Pouligny", "La Marquis d'Aiguirandes", "Portrait of la Marquis d'Aguirandes"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:17:59.514000"}, {"id": 124796, "accession_number": "1946.277", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Study for \"The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian\" (for the Augustinian monastery at Diessen, Germany), 1739. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770). Oil on canvas; framed: 67.5 x 45.5 x 6 cm (26 9/16 x 17 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 51.7 x 31.7 cm (20 3/8 x 12 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1946.277", "current_location": "214 Central and Northern European", "title": "Study for \"The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian\" (for the Augustinian monastery at Diessen, Germany)", "creation_date": "1739", "creation_date_earliest": 1739, "creation_date_latest": 1739, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Italian 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 67.5 x 45.5 x 6 cm (26 9/16 x 17 15/16 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 51.7 x 31.7 cm (20 3/8 x 12 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.675, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.455, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.517, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.317, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 356660, "title": "Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century", "description": "<i>Venice 1700-1800: An Exhibition of the Venetian Eighteenth Century</i>. Indianapolis Museum of Art; The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (organizer) (September 30-November 2, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-09-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304544, "title": "The Tiepolos and Their World", "description": "<i>The Tiepolos and Their World</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 335892, "title": "Giambattista Tiepolo: Master of the Oil Sketch", "description": "<i>Giambattista Tiepolo: Master of the Oil Sketch</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (organizer) (September 18-December 12, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-09-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 380181, "title": "Heaven on Earth (Tiepolo in W\u00fcrzburg)", "description": "<i>Heaven on Earth (Tiepolo in W\u00fcrzburg)</i>. W\u00fcrzburg Residenz (organizer) (February 14-May 19, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-02-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Detroit Institute of Arts and John Herron Art Museum (Indianapolis), 1952.: Venice, 1700\u20141800, An Exhibition of Venice and the Eighteenth Century, cat. no. 66;", "opening_date": "1952-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1956. Akron Art Institute, October 1-October 31, 1957: \"Masterpieces Series,\" (no cat.)", "opening_date": "1957-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Wurzburg, Germany, State Gallery of the Wurzburg Residence, February 14-May 19, 1996: \"Tiepolo in Wurzburg,\" cat. #.", "opening_date": "1996-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paintings, Drawings and Prints by the Two Tiepolos, Giambattista and Giandomenico. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Venetian Painting from the Fifteenth Century through the Eighteenth Century. Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (1938).", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Sale, Munich, 1804, unsold and then transferred to the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->After the secularization of the monasteries, including the one at Diessen, many works were transferred immediately to the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie (the predecessor of the Bayerische Staatsgem\u00e4ldesammlungen), while others first went to the Conservatorium der aufgehobenen Kl\u00f6ster, a depot in the Theatiner monastery (today, Odeonsplatz). From there they were auctioned off, and if they failed to sell, as was the case with the Tiepolo (lot 1084), they were given to the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie; the Tiepolo was transferred there on August 20, 1804.&nbsp; This auction had no printed catalogue, only a handwritten list currently at the Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv in Munich.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Bayerischen Staatsgem\u00e4ldesammlungen, Munich, deaccessioned and sold at auction", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Soon after it was transported to Schlei\u00dfheim castle, a repository for the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie\u2019s rapidly growing holdings, on August 20, 1804 the Tiepolo was entered as No. 2186 in the \"Zweibr\u00fccker Nachtragsinventar,\" the inventory of the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie's acquisitions.&nbsp; Tiepolo\u2019s sketch for \u201cThe Stoning of St. Stephen\u201d was No. 2187 in the inventory.&nbsp; In the new inventory of 1822, the \u201cSt. Sebastian\u201d and \u201cSt. Stephen\u201d were listed as Nos. 4150 and 4151, respectively.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1804-1852", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Sale, Schloss Schlei\u00dfheim, Augsburg, April 13-23, 1852, lot 16, sold to \u201cEberle\u201d)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Both Tiepolo sketches for Diessen were sold by the Bayerischen Staatsgem\u00e4ldesammlungen (formerly the Zentralgem\u00e4ldegalerie) at auction in 1852. &nbsp; The \u201cSaint Stephen\u201d was sold to a \u201cVicentini\u201d or \u201cVecentini.\u201d</div>"], "date": "1852", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Possibly Robert Eberle [1815-1860], Munich, probably by descent to a Vienna collector1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1\u201cEberle,\u201d the name listed as the buyer in the inventory of the 1852 sale, may be Robert Eberle, a painter living in Munich.&nbsp; This would be consistent with the fact that a Munich family (Eberle?) is mentioned in \"Dr. Fr\u00f6hlich\u2019s\" (likely Otto Fr\u00f6hlich, a Jewish art dealer who focused on works by the Old Masters) letter of Oct. 27, 1928 to Seligmann as having owned the painting. Robert\u2019s son Adolf, also a painter, had an art collection as well (his collection was sold on June 6, 1916), but given that Fr\u00f6hlich says that the painting passed, by inheritance (\u201cErbgang\u201d), to a collector in Vienna \u2013 presumably a relative of Eberle - in the second half of the nineteenth century, it is more likely that only Robert owned it, as Adolf died in 1914. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1852-1860", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Collector, Vienna, sold to a \u201cminor collector\u201d1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1According to Fr\u00f6hlich's letter to Seligmann of Oct. 27, 1928, the Viennese collector was a \u201cwell-positioned official\u201d (\u201choheren Beamten\u201d) who sold the painting to a \u201cminor collector\u201d (\u201ckleiner Sammler\u201d) in 1921.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Late 19th century -1921", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "\u201cMinor collector,\u201d Vienna, probably sold or consigned to Galerie Fr\u00f6hlich1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Fr\u00f6hlich\u2019s letter to Seligmann says that the Tiepolo was acquired in 1921 by a \u201cminor collector and distrustful odd, old man.\u201d&nbsp; Fr\u00f6hlich notes that several years prior to 1928, the owner entrusted the Tiepolo to a Swiss dealer who was going to show the painting to a collector interested in the painting.&nbsp; It does not appear, however, that any transactions were made involving this dealer or collector.&nbsp; Because Fr\u00f6hlich never mentions the name Kadisch, it is unlikely that the unidentified old man is Kadisch; a more likely scenario is that Seligmann sold the painting to Kadisch and that it was somehow returned to Seligmann by 1937/1938 (see note 9).&nbsp; &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1921-1928?", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Galerie Fr\u00f6hlich, Vienna, sold to Jacques Seligmann & Co.)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Correspondence between Dr. Fr\u00f6hlich and Jacques Seligmann from 1928 indicates that Fr\u00f6hlich sold the painting to Seligmann in 1928.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1928", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., New York, NY, probably sold to Dr. Max  Kadisch)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1Because Fr\u00f6hlich does not mention Kadisch in his account of the painting\u2019s recent provenance, and because it is in the Seligmann records that we first see a reference to Kadisch, it seems probable that Fr\u00f6hlich did not acquire the painting from Kadisch (and thus, Kadisch is not the \u201codd, old man\u201d referred to by Fr\u00f6hlich).&nbsp; Rather, because the Tiepolo appears in the Seligmann records under two different inventory numbers, it seems that Seligmann likely sold the painting to Kadisch sometime after 1928 (inv. no. 4370, 1928-1929 Seligmann stock book) and then, the painting made its way back to Seligmann from Kadisch, perhaps after the latter\u2019s death, which had occurred by 1938, according to Lili Fr\u00f6hlich-Bume's article published that year.&nbsp; It should be noted, however, that a review of the Seligmann credit/debit records, ledgers, stock books, and purchase receipts from 1928-1936, do not reveal any reference to the Tiepolo, and thus a sale to Kadisch has not been pinpointed.</div>"], "date": "1928-by 1930?", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Probably Dr. Max Kadisch, Vienna, to Jacques Seligmann & Co.1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The Seligmann &amp; Co. file on the Tiepolo lists the last owner as \u201cDr. Max Kadisch\u201d of Vienna; beyond this information, nothing is known about Kadisch, but research continues.&nbsp; There is an unconfirmed reference in the museum\u2019s files that the painting was with Kadisch by 1930.&nbsp; Lili Fr\u00f6hlich-Bume comments in her 1938 article in the <em>Burlington Magazine </em>that the Tiepolo \u201cturned up a few years ago in the collection of the late Dr. Kadisch at Vienna,\u201d suggesting that Kadisch had the painting more recently than prior to 1928, further supporting Kadisch\u2019s not having been the \u201codd, old man\u201d from whom Fr\u00f6hlich acquired the painting.&nbsp; There is, however, no reference in the Seligmann records to the painting\u2019s having gone back and forth between Seligmann and Kadisch.&nbsp; &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "By 1930? - 1917/1938", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., New York, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1The painting was back with Seligmann &amp; Co. by 1937/1938, when it is listed in the stock book with inv. no. 6508.&nbsp; The Tiepolo also appears, under the same inventory number, in the list of \u201cWorks of Art Sold or Taken out of Stock 1946-1948.\u201d &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1937/1938 - 1946", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio\n \nDelia E. Holden and L.E. Holden Funds", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "In 1739 a pair of monumental altarpieces by two Venetian painters (Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and Giambattista Pittoni) were installed in a church in southern Germany, part of a carefully orchestrated decorative program that included architecture, painting, sculpture, and decorative stuccowork. This sketch is Tiepolo\u2019s initial design for his altarpiece, submitted for approval before beginning the final work. With quick, assured brushstrokes, he represents the Christian martyr Sebastian bound to a tree and shot with arrows, flooded with radiant light to symbolize his devotion to his faith.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515261"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.277-study-for-the-martyr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian, 1928-1946, 1910. Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, undated. Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stock Catalogs, New York Office: Stock Catalog, 1937-1938, Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 6.1: Stock Catalogs, New York Office, 1923-1971, undated. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lili Fr\u00f6hlich-Bume, \u201cNotes on some works by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo,\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine </em>72 (Jan.-June 1938): 82.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, The Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian, 1928-1946, 1910. Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, undated. Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Stock Catalogs, New York Office: Stock Catalog, 1937-1938, Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 6.1: Stock Catalogs, New York Office, 1923-1971, undated. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "(Otto?) Fr\u00f6hlich, letter to Germain Seligmann, Oct. 27, 1928, Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Otto Fr\u00f6hlich, letter to Germain Seligmann, Oct. 27, 1928, Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "(Otto?) Fr\u00f6hlich, letter to Germain Seligmann, Oct. 27, 1928, Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cDie sogenannte Schlei\u00dfheimer Versteigerung - Liste aller Inventarnummern,\u201d Zentralinstitut f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte, http://www.zikg.eu/photothek/projekte/schleissheimer-versteigerung/pdf, retrieved Jan. 27, 201", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "(Otto?) Fr\u00f6hlich, letter to Germain Seligmann, Oct. 27, 1928, Jacques Seligmann &amp; Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974, Series 2.2: Museum Files, 1904-1977, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. [Box 218, folder 5 \u2013 digitzed: http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/container/viewer/Tiepolo-Giovanni-Battista-emph-render-italic-The-Martyrdom-of-Saint-Sebastian-emph--292202].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cDie sogenannte Schlei\u00dfheimer Versteigerung - Liste aller Inventarnummern,\u201d Zentralinstitut f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte, http://www.zikg.eu/photothek/projekte/schleissheimer-versteigerung/pdf, retrieved Jan. 27, 2014.<br><br><ul><li><br></li></ul>", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sack, Edward. <em>Giambattista und Domenico Tiepolo: ihr leben und ihre werke. </em>Hamburg, Germany: H. v. Clarmanns Kunstverlag, 1910.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187; no. 318", "url": null}, {"citation": "Froelich-Bume, L. \"Notes on Some Works by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.\" <em>Burlington Magazine</em> LXXII, no. 419 (February 1938): 82-87.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 1A; mentioned: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Middeldorf, Ulrich. \"Eine Tiepolo-Ausstellung in Chicago.\" <em>Pantheon</em> xxi (May 1938): 139-147.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 426; Mentioned: p. 425-427", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Tiepolo's Modello for The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian at Kiessen, \" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art XXXIV</em>, no. 1(January 1947)", "page_number": "Reproduced: cover; Mentioned: p. 3-4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berenson, Bernard. \"Giovan Battista Tiepolo.\" <em>L'Illustrazione Italiana</em> VI (1951): 59.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi, Antonio. \"Una mostra del Settecento Veneziano a Detroit,\" <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell'Arte </em>VII (1953): 49-62.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52-53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> New York, NY: H.N. Abrams, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seligman, Germain. <em>Merchants of Art: 1880-1960; Eighty Years of Professional Collecting.</em> New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Morassi,<em> Antonio. A Complete Catalogue of the Paintings of G.B. Tiepolo.</em> London, UK: Phaidon Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 9, fig. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n169"}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Anna.<em>L'opera completa di Giambattista Tiepolo</em>. Milano, IT: Rizzoli, 1968.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 104, no. 125a; vol. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 145", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n169"}, {"citation": "Fredericksen, Burton B., and Federico Zeri. <em>Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections. </em>Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 196, 449, 574", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 144", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n164"}, {"citation": "Brown, Beverly Louise, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Terisio Pignatti, Oreste Ferrari, and Teresa Longyear. <em>Giambattista Tiepolo: Master of the Oil Sketch</em>. Milan: Electa, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 45, p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kru\u0308ckmann, Peter Oluf. <em>Tiepolo in Wu\u0308rzburg: der Himmel auf Erden.</em> Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Prestel, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 126-127; pl. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petzet, Michael, Susanne Bo\u0308ning-Weis, Karlheinz Hemmeter, and York Langenstein. <em>Monumental: Festschrift fu\u0308r Michael Petzet zum 65. Geburtstag am 12. April 1998.</em> Mu\u0308nchen, Germany: Bayerisches Landesamt fu\u0308r Denkmalpflege, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 626", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pedrocco, Filippo. <em>Tiepolo: the complete paintings.</em> New York, NY: Rizzoli, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.277", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_web.jpg", "width": "518", "height": "893", "filesize": "388114", "filename": "1946.277_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_print.jpg", "width": "1974", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6255723", "filename": "1946.277_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_full.tif", "width": "3806", "height": "6554", "filesize": "74862124", "filename": "1946.277_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "619", "height": "893", "filesize": "393818"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2356", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5956878"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3834", "height": "5532", "filesize": "63657612"}, "date_created": "2010-11-10T13:52:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "893", "filesize": "433892"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2495", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6324675"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4320", "height": "5886", "filesize": "76315972"}, "date_created": "2010-11-10T13:34:26", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "535", "height": "893", "filesize": "376099"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2038", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5276048"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.277/1946.277_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3396", "height": "5665", "filesize": "57747752"}, "date_created": "2007-01-18T16:56:03", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Walter and Jean Kalberer Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 124796, "creators": [{"id": 2329, "description": "Giovanni Battista Tiepolo (Italian, 1696\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1696", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-11-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1739, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1739", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:00.790000"}, {"id": 137890, "accession_number": "1962.279.43.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Parrot Addresses Khujasta at the Beginning of the Seventh Night, from a Tuti-nama (Tales of a Parrot), c. 1560. Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556\u20131605). Gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper; overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.); painting only: 9 x 10 cm (3 9/16 x 3 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. A. Dean Perry, 1962.279.43.a", "current_location": null, "title": "The Parrot Addresses Khujasta at the Beginning of the Seventh Night, from a Tuti-nama (Tales of a Parrot)", "creation_date": "c. 1560", "creation_date_earliest": 1555, "creation_date_latest": 1565, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556\u20131605)"], "technique": "gum tempera, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 20.3 x 14 cm (8 x 5 1/2 in.); Painting only: 9 x 10 cm (3 9/16 x 3 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.203, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.14, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "painting only": {"height": 0.09, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.1, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 13, 2003-February 18, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-08-13T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Indian Miniature Rotation (Gallery 115)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 18, 2004-May 23, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-08-18T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main gallery rotation (Gallery 245)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 2, 2015-April 4, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Estate of Breckinridge Long [1881\u20131958], Bowie, MD", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Samuel Miller Breckinridge Long (May 16, 1881\u2013September 26, 1958) was an American diplomat and politician, who served in the administrations of Presidents Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Long is largely remembered for his obstructionist role as the Assistant Secretary of State responsible for granting refugee visas during World War II.&nbsp;</div><div><!--block-->His interests included the collection of antiques, paintings and American ship models. He maintained a stable of Thoroughbred race horses and was a director of the Laurel Park Racecourse in Laurel, Maryland, and he enjoyed fox hunting, fishing, and sailing.</div>"], "date": "?\u20131959", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Harry Burke Antiques, Philadelphia, PA)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1959\u20131962?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Bernard Brown Agency, Milwaukee, WI, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art. Purchased with funds from Mrs. A. Dean [Helen Wade Greene] Perry)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1959?\u20131962", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1962\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This miniature displays an intermingling of various pre-Akbar idioms in the Mughal atelier.", "description": "Every night for 52 nights the sly domesticated parrot encourages his master\u2019s wife Khujasta to meet her lover under cover of darkness. Just before she leaves, the parrot mentions a topic from a tantalizing tale; she becomes so curious that she cannot go out before hearing the whole story. By the time the story ends, dawn breaks, and it is too late for her to go out unnoticed. The artist who painted this page was still firmly entrenched in the idioms of pre-Mughal painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60468447"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.279.43.a-the-parrot-addresses"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chandra, Pramod, and Daniel J. Ehnbom. <em>The Cleveland Tuti-Nama Manuscript and the Origins of Mughal Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chandra, Pramod, and Daniel J. Ehnbom. The Cleveland Tuti-Nama Manuscript and the Origins of Mughal Painting. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "pp. 79, 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Seyller, John. \u201cOverpainting in the Cleveland T\u0324\u016bt\u012bn\u0101ma.\u201d <em>Artibus Asiae</em> 52, no. 3/4 (1992): 283-318.", "page_number": "p. 310", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3249892"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.279.43.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.279.43.a/1962.279.43.a_web.jpg", "width": "565", "height": "900", "filesize": "350559", "filename": "1962.279.43.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.279.43.a/1962.279.43.a_print.jpg", "width": "2135", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3093683", "filename": "1962.279.43.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.279.43.a/1962.279.43.a_full.tif", "width": "6190", "height": "9858", "filesize": "183092286", "filename": "1962.279.43.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.279.43.a/1962.279.43.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "556", "height": "893", "filesize": "478229"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.279.43.a/1962.279.43.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2116", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6445828"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.279.43.a/1962.279.43.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3207", "height": "5153", "filesize": "49609156"}, "date_created": "2011-10-24T19:01:34", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. A. Dean Perry", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 137890, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-11-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1555, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1560", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1962.279", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Page from Tales of a Parrot (Tuti-nama): Seventh night: The parrot addresses Khujasta at the beginning of the seventh night"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:03:11.858000"}, {"id": 169868, "accession_number": "2012.119", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Bee Tree, 1930. Frank Wilcox (American, 1887\u20131964). Oil on canvas; framed: 87.6 x 113 x 5.5 cm (34 1/2 x 44 1/2 x 2 3/16 in.); unframed: 76.8 x 102.2 cm (30 1/4 x 40 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Richard and Renee Zellner and purchase from the Dudley P. Allen Fund, 2012.119. \u00a9 Wilcox Family Collection LLC", "current_location": null, "title": "The Bee Tree", "creation_date": "1930", "creation_date_earliest": 1930, "creation_date_latest": 1930, "artists_tags": ["Cleveland Institute of Art (alumni)", "Cleveland Institute of Art (faculty)", "male", "May Show"], "culture": ["America, Ohio, Cleveland"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Cleveland School", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 87.6 x 113 x 5.5 cm (34 1/2 x 44 1/2 x 2 3/16 in.); Unframed: 76.8 x 102.2 cm (30 1/4 x 40 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.876, "height_inch": 34, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.13, "width_inch": 44, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.055, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "unframed": {"height": 0.768, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 1.022, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Wilcox Family Collection LLC", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 382038, "title": "The May Show: 28th Annual Exhibition of Works by Cleveland Artists and Craftsmen", "description": "<i>The May Show: 28th Annual Exhibition of Works by Cleveland Artists and Craftsmen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 13-June 9, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-04-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311873, "title": "Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946", "description": "<i>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 19-July 21, 1996).", "opening_date": "1996-05-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 227691, "title": "An Ohio Childhood", "description": "<i>An Ohio Childhood</i>. Decorative Arts Center of Ohio, Lancaster, OH (organizer) (September 10-December 31, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-09-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The artist represents himself as the young man straddling the tree in the center of the composition.", "description": "Recalling an event that took place decades earlier during a family reunion on a farm in Brecksville, Ohio, this painting depicts the felling of a tree to extract a honeycomb in its trunk. The artist-who taught more than 40 years at his alma mater, the Cleveland School (now Institute) of Art-presents himself as the young man straddling the tree in the center of the composition.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480911"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Frank Wilcox Entry Card to 1946 May Show. Cleveland Museum of Art May Show Records, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMS07674"}, {"citation": "Robinson, William H., et. al. <em>Transformations in Cleveland Art, 1796-1946: Community and Diversity in Early Modern America</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilcox, Frank Nelson. Two preparatory drawings for <em>The Bee Tree</em>, 1930. Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/FrankWilcox"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2012.119", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Richard and Renee Zellner and purchase from the Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 169868, "creators": [{"id": 6783, "description": "Frank Wilcox (American, 1887\u20131964)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Cleveland-born Frank Wilcox received artistic training with Frederick Gottwald, Henry Keller, and Louis Rorimer while at tending the Cleveland School of Art, 1906\u201310. On a travel scholarship from the school, Wilcox studied at the Acad\u00e9mie Callorossi in Paris during the winter of 1910\u201311 and exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1911. He then returned to Cleveland, where the Taylor Gallery organized his first solo exhibition in the fall of 1911. The Korner &amp; Wood Galleries organized his second solo exhibition in 1913, the same year he began teaching at the Cleveland School of Art. Among his students were Charles Burchfield, Carl Gaertner, and Clarence Carter. The Cleveland School of Art mounted a solo exhibition of his paintings (1916), and he exhibited in the annual May Shows at the Cleveland Museum of Art (1919\u201360). Wilcox made painting trips to Maine and the eastern seaboard during summers, 1920\u201325, and studied and painted in Paris, 1926\u201327. He established a reputation as a book illustrator with the publication of Ohio Indian Trails in 1933. In the 1930s his paintings appeared in group exhibitions at the Art Institute of Chicago and in New York at the Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney Museum of American Art. The Cleveland School of Art mounted a solo exhibition of his paintings in 1937. In the 1940s he made several painting trips to the American Southwest and illustrated a historical survey of the Ohio canal system. After retiring from the Cleveland School of Art in 1957, Wilcox continued to paint. \"Transformations in Cleveland Art\" (CMA, 1996), p. 240.<br>Biographical information exists in the Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1887", "death_year": "1964", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2012-12-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1930, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1930", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 11:24:19.546000"}, {"id": 380066, "accession_number": "2020.138", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "West Point, near Small Point, Maine\u2014Autumn, 1914. John Marin (American, 1870\u20131953). Watercolor with traces of graphite on thick, highly textured wove paper; image and sheet: 41.5 x 48.9 cm (16 5/16 x 19 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift, 2020.138. \u00a9 Estate of John Marin / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "West Point, near Small Point, Maine\u2014Autumn", "creation_date": "1914", "creation_date_earliest": 1914, "creation_date_latest": 1914, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "Watercolor with traces of graphite on thick, highly textured wove paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 20th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Image and Sheet: 41.5 x 48.9 cm (16 5/16 x 19 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"image and sheet": {"height": 0.415, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.489, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Estate of John Marin / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Recto, lower right: \"Marin/14\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Written in pencil on verso: \"63= (circled)\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Written in pencil on verso: \"SR #347/16-1/4 x 19-1/4\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Written in pencil on verso: \"Small Point/ME\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Written in pencil on verso: \"1550 c (circled)\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "Written in pencil on verso: \"ACC-ICC/JOCC (crossed out)\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>John Marin's autumn. </em>Kennedy Galleries, Inc. New York, NY (October 8-29, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-10-08T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>John Marin, 1998-1999. </em>Richard York Gallery, New York, NY (1999).", "opening_date": "1999-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Estate of the Artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Richard York Gallery, New York, NY)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Joseph P. Keithley, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "March 2, 2020", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "John Marin returned repeatedly to the site in Maine where he made this watercolor, each time portraying through color, paint handling, perspective, and movement his spontaneous experience of the place.", "description": "One of America\u2019s most important watercolorists, John Marin repeatedly challenged accepted ideas about what the medium could do, taking an improvisational approach to color, paint handling, perspective, and movement. This watercolor was made during Marin\u2019s first summer in Maine, 1914, a place that would become central to his watercolor practice for years to come. Marin often returned to the same spot repeatedly, making watercolors each time in response to the light and weather of the moment. <em>West Point near Small Point Maine, Autumn</em> is one of three watercolors in the CMA's collection made at the same spot (see 2020.136 and 2020.139). This watercolor shows Marin's responsiveness to the season and vegetation of autumn expressed through color and other hallmarks of his style, chiefly his great variety of marks, from bold dashes to transparent washes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87481476"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Reich, Sheldon, and John Marin. John Marin: A Stylistic Analysis and Catalogue Raisonne\u0301. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1970.", "page_number": "Vol II, no. 14.101, p. 404", "url": null}, {"citation": "Marin, John, and Ruth Fine. John Marin's Autumn: [Exhibition] October 8-29, 1988, at Kennedy Galleries, Inc. New York, NY (40 W. 57th St., New York 10019): The Galleries, 1988.", "page_number": "ill. no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fine, Ruth. \"John Marin.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 152-161. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 152-161; Mentioned: p. 265-267", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.138", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 380066, "creators": [{"id": 3179, "description": "John Marin (American, 1870\u20131953)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1870", "death_year": "1953", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1914, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1914", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:40.741000"}, {"id": 146797, "accession_number": "1972.219", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Zapata, 1931. David Alfaro Siqueiros (Mexican, 1896\u20131974), printed by George C. Miller (American, 1894\u20131966), published by Weyhe Gallery. Lithograph; sheet: 61.2 x 51.5 cm (24 1/8 x 20 1/4 in.); image: 52.2 x 39.7 cm (20 9/16 x 15 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Prasse Collection, 1972.219. \u00a9 Artists Rights Society, (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "Zapata", "creation_date": "1931", "creation_date_earliest": 1931, "creation_date_latest": 1931, "artists_tags": ["Latine and Hispanic Artists", "male"], "culture": ["Mexico, 20th century"], "technique": "lithograph", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Lithograph", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Sheet: 61.2 x 51.5 cm (24 1/8 x 20 1/4 in.); Image: 52.2 x 39.7 cm (20 9/16 x 15 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.612, "height_inch": 24, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.515, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "image": {"height": 0.522, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.397, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": "I/II", "edition_of_the_work": "edition size either 35 or 50 (both numbers are inscribed throughout the edition)", "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Rights Society, (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and inscribed at lower left, in pencil: 6/50 A. Siquieros", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301752, "title": "Year in Review: 1972", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1972</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 27-March 18, 1973).", "opening_date": "1973-02-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311461, "title": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "<i>Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 373919, "title": "A Graphic Revolution: Prints and Drawings in Latin America", "description": "<i>A Graphic Revolution: Prints and Drawings in Latin America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 14-August 2, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-03-08T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States, 1920-1970</em>. Bronx Museum of the Arts (September 29, 1988 - January 29, 1989); El Paso Museum of Art (February 27 - April 23, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-02-27T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Prasse, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1972", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "David Alfaro Siqueiros was one of numerous Mexican muralists to depict Emiliano Zapata around the time this print was made.", "description": "This print depicts Emiliano Zapata (1879\u20131919), a leader of the Mexican Revolution who became a symbol of progressive politics in the decades following his assassination. Zapata disavowed his privileged background and fought for workers\u2019 rights. In his lithograph, David Alfaro Siqueiros emphasized Zapata\u2019s heroism, showing him astride a black horse.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79925389"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>The Latin American Spirit: Art and Artists in the United States, 1920-1970</em>. Exh. Cat. Bronx: Bronx Museum of the Arts, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 37, no. 17", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Williams 2", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.219", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. Charles G. Prasse Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146797, "creators": [{"id": 3634, "description": "David Alfaro Siqueiros (Mexican, 1896\u20131974)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Along with Diego Rivera (1886\u20131957) and Jose Clemente Orozco (1883\u20131949), Siqueiros was one of Mexico's three great muralists. Together, these painters laid the foundation for modern Mexican art during the 1920s. Believing that art should be made for the betterment of society and not for the private pleasure of the elite, they created large-scale, easily understood murals for public buildings. These images effectively communicated the plight of peasants and laborers during this turbulent time in Mexican history. \r\n\r\nFor Siqueiros, a zealous political activist and member of the Communist Party of Mexico, painting was inseparable from politics. He worked on his first murals at Mexico's National Preparatory School from 1922 to 1924, but his dedication to politics was so great that at one time he set aside his artistic ambitions to work as a labor union organizer. He was a veteran of two civil wars and on several occasions was imprisoned, as well as exiled, for his activities and beliefs. While serving time in jail, the artist immersed himself in painting small-scale works, experiencing some of the most prolific periods of his career. During the 1930s, Siqueiros found a haven in New York and opened the Siqueiros Experimental Workshop, which was attended by the young American painter Jackson Pollock (1912\u20131956). In his teaching, Siqueiros emphasized the use of photography as an aid in developing compositions. He also advocated the employment of industrial materials and tools such as the spray-gun. He was a firm believer that modern technology should be used to create a new art for the times.\r\n\r\nDuring the early 1950s, Siqueiros expanded his themes of a utopian socialist society to include the progress of science and technology in the modern world. Throughout his career, the bold colors of industrial enamels, the dynamic lines of his compositions, and the portrayal of strong emotion infused all his works, regardless of scale or purpose, with movement and power.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1896", "death_year": "1974", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 370463, "description": "George C. Miller (American, 1894\u20131966)", "extent": "printed by", "qualifier": null, "role": "printer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1894", "death_year": "1966", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}, {"id": 370474, "description": "Weyhe Gallery", "extent": "published by", "qualifier": null, "role": "publisher", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1931, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1931", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": "6", "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:42.411000"}, {"id": 124733, "accession_number": "1946.217", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dead Blue Roller, 1583. Hans Hoffmann (German, 1545/50\u20131591/92), after Albrecht D\u00fcrer (German, 1471\u20131528). Watercolor and gouache with touches of gold; sheet: 29.2 x 16.9 cm (11 1/2 x 6 5/8 in.); secondary support: 29.2 x 16.9 cm (11 1/2 x 6 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1946.217", "current_location": null, "title": "Dead Blue Roller", "creation_date": "1583", "creation_date_earliest": 1583, "creation_date_latest": 1583, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany"], "technique": "watercolor and gouache with touches of gold", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(1) laid paper, laid down on cream(1) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - German", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 29.2 x 16.9 cm (11 1/2 x 6 5/8 in.); Secondary Support: 29.2 x 16.9 cm (11 1/2 x 6 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.292, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.169, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.292, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.169, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower center, in gray ink: 1583 / [artist's monogram: Hh]; verso, upper left, in ink (?, visible through transmitted light): 182 [sideways]; upper right, in ink (?): 7 [illegible]; center left, in ink (?): 182; lower left, in ink (?): [11?]; lower center, in ink (?): 50; verso of secondary support, lower right, in graphite: 3.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361205, "title": "Watercolors by the Masters: D\u00fcrer to C\u00e9zanne", "description": "<i>Watercolors by the Masters: D\u00fcrer to C\u00e9zanne</i>. Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (May 1-June 15, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300830, "title": "German Drawings", "description": "<i>German Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 11-December 18, 1955).", "opening_date": "1955-11-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302279, "title": "Water Color", "description": "<i>Water Color</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 6-August 27, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "<i>European Watercolors Through the 18th Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361362, "title": "Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire, 1540-1680: A Selection from North American Collections", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire, 1540-1680: A Selection from North American Collections</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (October 2-November 21, 1982); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 27-April 11, 1983); Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (April 23-June 19, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-10-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311557, "title": "The German Tradition", "description": "<i>The German Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-June 27, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Paul von Praun, 1548-1616, Nuremberg-Bologna", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "around 1580-1616", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Johann Friedrich Frauenholz, 1758-1822, Nuremberg", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1801-1822?", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Johann Andreas Boerner, 1785-1862, Nuremberg, his sale, Rudolph Weigel Kunst Auction, Leipzig, 28 November 1864, lot 113.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1864", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Theodor Oswald Weigel, 1812-1881, Leipzig, his sale, Gutekunst Stuttgart, 8 May 1883, no. 444.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "around 1864-1883", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "A. Freiherr von Lanna, Prague, 1836-1909, (Lugt 2773, stamped, verso, center), his sale Gutekunst Stuttgard, 6-11 May, 1910, lot 296: sold to Charles Obach.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "around 1883-1910", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "With Charles Obach, art dealer, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1910", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "Henry Oppenheimer, 1859-1932, London, his sale, Christie's London, 10 and 13-14 July, 1936, no. 380: sold to Heinrich Eisemann.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "around 1910-1936", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Heinrich Eisemann, 1890-1972, Frankfurt-London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1936-around 1946", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "with Schaeffer Galleries, Inc., New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1946", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946-", "sortorder": 13}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This realistic portrait of a dead bird signals a turn toward objective depictions of nature in the 1500s.", "description": "Half a century after the death of the German Renaissance artist Albrecht D\u00fcrer, his work continued to inspire artists and collectors. Hans Hoffmann was well known for his copies of D\u00fcrer\u2019s nature studies, and in 1583 he faithfully copied D\u00fcrer\u2019s celebrated drawing of a dead blue roller of 1512 in this exquisite watercolor. A network of very fine brushstrokes imitates the individual plumes of the bird\u2019s underside while simultaneously suggesting an overall soft, downy texture. Several other copies of D\u00fcrer's composition exist, including one by Hoffmann in London. Both the London sheet and this sheet were signed with Hoffman\u2019s prominent monogram and dated, indicating that he could not have intended them to pass as originals by the older master. Likely, he meant the drawing as an homage to the greatest German artist of the 1500s; his endeavor may have been sponsored by the Nuremberg-based Imhoff family, who owned D\u00fcrer's blue roller around the time this drawing was made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79902734"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1946.217-dead-blue-roller"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Weigel, J. A. G. <em>Catalog einer Sammlung von Original-Handzeichnungen der deutschen, holla\u0308ndischen, flandrischen, italienischen, franzo\u0308sischen, spanischen und englischen Schule</em>. Leipzig: T.O. Weigel, 1869.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. no. 50, p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/catalogeinersamm00weig/page/10/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Winkler, Friedrich. <em>Die Zeichnungen Albrecht Du\u0308rers.</em> Berlin: Deutscher Verein fu\u0308r kunstwissenschaft, 1936.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 3, pp. 59-60, under no. 615", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Drawing of a Dead Blue Jay by Hans Hoffmann.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>34, no. 1 (1947): 13-15.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 13-14; reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141332"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Drawing of a Dead Blue Jay by Hans Hoffmann.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>34, no. 1 (January 1947): 13-14.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12; Mentioned: p. 14.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141332"}, {"citation": "Kurz, Otto. <em>Fakes: A Handbook for Collectors and Students.</em> New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "Minneapolis Institute of Arts. <em>Watercolors by the Masters: Du\u0308rer to Ce\u0301zanne. </em>Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1952.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pilz, Kurt. \"Hans Hoffmann: Ein N\u00fcrnberger D\u00fcrer-Nachahmer aus der 2. H\u00e4lfte des 16. Jahrhunderts.\" <em>Mitteilungen des Vereins f\u00fcr Geschichte der Stadt N\u00fcrnberg</em> 51 (1962), pp. 236-272.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 25, pp. 261-62", "url": "https://periodika.digitale-sammlungen.de/mvgn/Band_bsb00001014.html"}, {"citation": "Koschatzky, Walter and Alice Strobl. <em>Du\u0308rer drawings in the Albertina</em>. Greenwich, Conn: New York Graphic Society, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108, under no. 34", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M<em>. Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 15-16, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kaufmann, Thomas DaCosta. <em>Drawings from the Holy Roman Empire, 1540-1680. A Selection from North American Collections.</em> Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 26, pp. 88-89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koreny, Fritz. <em>Albrecht Du\u0308rer and the animal and plant studies of the Renaissance</em>. Boston: Little, Brown, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 56, fig. 11.1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Achilles-Syndram, Katrin. <em>Die Kunstsammlung des Paulus Praun: die Inventare von 1616 und 1719.</em> Nu\u0308rnberg: Im Selbstverlag des Stadtrats zu Nu\u0308rnberg, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 244-45, under no. 355", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schoch, Rainer, Katrin Achilles-Syndram, and Bernd M. Mayer. <em>Kunst des Sammelns: das Praunsche Kabinett : Meisterwerke von Du\u0308rer bis Carracci. </em>Nu\u0308rnberg: Verlag des Germanischen Nationalmuseums, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 204, note 6, under no. 69.", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: cat. no. 62, pp. 154-55, p. 292", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L., et al. <em>A Corpus of Drawings in Midwestern Collections: Sixteenth-Century</em>. Northern European Drawings. London, England: Harvey Miller, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 99, pp. 163-65", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1946.217", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.217/1946.217_web.jpg", "width": "530", "height": "893", "filesize": "74729", "filename": "1946.217_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.217/1946.217_print.jpg", "width": "2018", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1222624", "filename": "1946.217_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.217/1946.217_full.tif", "width": "3064", "height": "5162", "filesize": "47473984", "filename": "1946.217_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.217/1946.217_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "531", "height": "893", "filesize": "334253"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.217/1946.217_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2021", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5376903"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1946.217/1946.217_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2675", "height": "4500", "filesize": "36133656"}, "date_created": "2009-02-18T18:47:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124733, "creators": [{"id": 11623, "description": "Hans Hoffmann (German, 1545/50\u20131591/92)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1545", "death_year": "1592", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 11617, "description": "Albrecht D\u00fcrer (German, 1471\u20131528)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1471", "death_year": "1528", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1946-07-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1583, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1583", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Dead Blue Jay", "Study of a Dead Blue Jay, after an Albrecht D\u00fcrer Drawing"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:25:58.109000"}, {"id": 141937, "accession_number": "1965.476", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bodhisattva, late 100s CE. Pakistan, Gandhara, Kushan period. Schist; overall: 132.4 cm (52 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1965.476", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Bodhisattva", "creation_date": "late 100s CE", "creation_date_earliest": 175, "creation_date_latest": 199, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Pakistan, Gandhara, Kushan period"], "technique": "schist", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Kushan, Gandhara", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 132.4 cm (52 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.324, "height_inch": 52, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309889, "title": "Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India", "description": "<i>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 13, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-11-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Glenn C. Randall, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131965", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1965\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Bodhisattvas, who are one stage away from complete enlightenment, are depicted as royal figures because the Buddha himself was a prince before he renounced that life and finally achieved enlightenment. He wears elaborate jewelry, including a string of amulets diagonally across his chest. The garments are Indian, but the muscular torso is derived from Greco-Roman sources.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754095"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.476-bodhisattva"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 229", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n253"}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Recently Acquired by American Museums, 1965.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 20, 1966, pp. 84\u2013113.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 88, fig. 12", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/20110986"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 53, no. 7, 1966, pp. 181\u2013284.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 284, no. 133; Reproduced: p. 250, no. 133", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 229", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n253"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 288", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n308"}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw J., and Rekha Morris. <em>Kushan Sculpture: Images from Early India</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 114, p. 205", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n30"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.476", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.476/1965.476_web.jpg", "width": "529", "height": "893", "filesize": "229136", "filename": "1965.476_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.476/1965.476_print.jpg", "width": "2014", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3231369", "filename": "1965.476_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.476/1965.476_full.tif", "width": "2962", "height": "5000", "filesize": "44451040", "filename": "1965.476_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.476/1965.476_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "530", "height": "893", "filesize": "233541"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.476/1965.476_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2019", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3258494"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.476/1965.476_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2969", "height": "5000", "filesize": "44556120"}, "date_created": "2006-06-01T17:29:57", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141937, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 175, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 100s CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:12.455000"}, {"id": 136949, "accession_number": "1961.421", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scholar Reclining and Watching Rising Clouds; Poem by Wang Wei (\u5750\u770b\u96f2\u8d77\u5716; \u738b\u7dad\u8a69), c. 1256. Ma Lin (Chinese, c. 1185\u2013after 1260). Album leaf; ink on silk; image: 25.1 x 25.3 cm (9 7/8 x 9 15/16 in.); with mat: 33.3 x 40.5 cm (13 1/8 x 15 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1961.421", "current_location": null, "title": "Scholar Reclining and Watching Rising Clouds; Poem by Wang Wei", "title_in_original_language": "\u5750\u770b\u96f2\u8d77\u5716; \u738b\u7dad\u8a69", "creation_date": "c. 1256", "creation_date_earliest": 1251, "creation_date_latest": 1261, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)"], "technique": "Album leaf; ink on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 25.1 x 25.3 cm (9 7/8 x 9 15/16 in.); with mat: 33.3 x 40.5 cm (13 1/8 x 15 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.251, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.253, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "with mat": {"height": 0.333, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.405, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "album, opened": {"height": 0.665, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.405, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscription for 1961.421.1:\nArtist's signature: \u81e3\u99ac\u9e9f Your servant, Ma Lin.\n\n2 seals on mounting of Chu Sheng-chai (20th c.).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "Inscription for 1961.421.2:\nThe 2 lines of poetry from right to left read:\n\n\"I walk unto where waters end/\nAnd sit down to watch when clouds arise.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "Seals and Inscription for 1961.421.2:\nThe top gourd-shaped seal has the cyclical date \"bingchen\" (\u4e19\u8fb0 1256); the lower square seal is the Seal for Imperial Calligraphy. The inscription between the two imperial seals reads, \"Presented to Chung-kuei\".", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": "Seals and Inscription on facing leaf for 1961.421.2:\nInscription by Zhang Daqian (1899\u20131983). 1 seal of Chu Sheng-chai (20th Century) remounted onto the facing leaf to the left of the square calligraphy.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 4}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520087, "title": "Tea Taste in Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Tea Taste in Japanese Art</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (February 20-April 21, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-02-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 358318, "title": "Wang Chi-ch'ien, Album Leaves from the Sung and Yuan Dynasties", "description": "<i>Wang Chi-ch'ien, Album Leaves from the Sung and Yuan Dynasties</i>. China House Gallery (organizer) (March 26-May 30, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311482, "title": "Fans: East and West", "description": "<i>Fans: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 15, 1992-March 7, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 213937, "title": "West Lake and the Mapping of Southern Song Art", "description": "<i>West Lake and the Mapping of Southern Song Art</i>. China Institute in America, New York, NY (organizer) (September 13-December 9, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-09-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 312307, "title": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "<i>Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 13, 2018-February 3, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 120)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, OH (July 22-October 26, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Nagatani, Inc., Chicago, IL, sold the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1961\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Ma Lin was the son of Ma Yuan, the artist renowned for his unique composition and often referred to as \"One-corner Ma.\"", "description": "Poem and painting, once mounted together as one fan, exemplify the collaboration between imperial patron and court painter. Emperor Lizong\u2019s calligraphy cites a verse from Wang Wei\u2019s (701\u2013761) poem, <em>Walking to where the water ends, I sit and watch when clouds arise</em>.<br><br>Ma Lin\u2019s response is this painting. At the water\u2019s edge, a scholar reclines by a large rock. The view leads across the empty middle ground to a distant mountain. With sparse ink and subtly graded washes, Ma Lin visualizes the poetic verse. The painting suggests the impact of Chan aesthetics through interaction between the palace, literati-officials, and monasteries around Hangzhou.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483543"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.421-scholar-reclining-an"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Tea Taste in Japanese Art</em>. New York, NY: The Asia House Gallery, dist. by H. Abrams, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 1, p. 94; Reproduced: cat. no. 1, p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. and Wai-Kam Ho. \"Scattered Pearls beyond the Ocean.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Feb., 1964), pp. 23\u201339.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 30\u201331, cat. no. 5 and 6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151985"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n283"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n283"}, {"citation": "Wang, Chi-ch\u02bbien. <em>Album Leaves from the Sung and Yuan Dynasties</em>: <em>[Exhibition], March 26 Through May 30, 1970</em>. New York: The [China House] Gallery, 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 342", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n362"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72, cat. no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrist, Robert E. Jr. \"'Watching Clouds Rise': A Tang Dynasty Couplet and Its Illustration in Song Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Vol. 78, No. 7 (Nov., 1991), pp. 301\u2013323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 301\u2013302, fig. 1 and 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161335"}, {"citation": "Murray, Julia K. <em>Ma Hezhi and the Illustration of the Book of Odes</em>. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 156, fig. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. <em>The Lyric Journey: Poetic Painting in China and Japan</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, no. 1.23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murck, Alfreda. <em>Poetry and Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Asia Center for the Harvard-Yenching Institute, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200, fig. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Shimada, Hidemasa, and Fujio Nakazawa. <em>Nanso\u0304, Kin</em>. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Sho\u0304gakukan, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 330, no. 261", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pegg, Richard A. <em>Sheng Maoye: Painting and Poetry in Late Ming Suzhou</em>. PhD diss., Columbia University, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 274, fig. 46 b", "url": null}, {"citation": "Li, Huishu. <em>Exquisite Moments: West Lake &amp; Southern Song Art</em>. New York, NY: China Institute Gallery, China Institute: Distributed by Art Media Resources, Ltd., 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 104\u2013105, cat. no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schorre, Jane, and Carrin Dunne. <em>Yijing Wondering and Wandering.</em> Houston, Tex: Arts of China Seminars, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Edwards, Richard. <em>The Heart of Ma Yuan: The Search for a Southern Song Aesthetic</em>. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2011.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 257, fig. 8.21; xii, pl. 60a", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weitz, Ankeney. \u201cThe Vocabulary of Fashion: Word-Image Play in Southern Song Painted Fans,\u201d <em>National Palace Museum Bulletin</em> 44 (Oct, 2011), 39\u201348.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 176\u2013177, no. 58", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.421", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421/1961.421_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "372", "filesize": "148254", "filename": "1961.421_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421/1961.421_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1405", "filesize": "1546302", "filename": "1961.421_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421/1961.421_full.tif", "width": "24068", "height": "9949", "filesize": "718385960", "filename": "1961.421_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421/1961.421_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "769", "filesize": "130748"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421/1961.421_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2904", "filesize": "2441473"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421/1961.421_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6848", "height": "5848", "filesize": "120164208"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T15:47:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421/1961.421_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "379", "filesize": "143973"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421/1961.421_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1432", "filesize": "1187504"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421/1961.421_alt1_full.tif", "width": "13900", "height": "5856", "filesize": "244218448"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T15:48:21", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136949, "creators": [{"id": 6218, "description": "Ma Lin (Chinese, c. 1185\u2013after 1260)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "active mid 1200s", "name_in_original_language": "\u99ac\u9e9f", "birth_year": "1180", "death_year": "1260", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1251, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1256", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:34.246000"}, {"id": 147518, "accession_number": "1973.29", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Amulet of Bastet, c. 1069\u2013715 BCE. Egypt, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE). Hematite; overall: 4.4 x 1.1 x 2.8 cm (1 3/4 x 7/16 x 1 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund, 1973.29", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Amulet of Bastet", "creation_date": "c. 1069\u2013715 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -1069, "creation_date_latest": -715, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Third Intermediate (1069\u2013715 BCE)"], "technique": "hematite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Third Intermediate", "type": "Amulets", "measurements": "Overall: 4.4 x 1.1 x 2.8 cm (1 3/4 x 7/16 x 1 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.044, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.011, "width_inch": 0, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "depth": 0.028, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 441907, "title": "Howard Carter: Before the Discovery of Tutankhamun's Tomb", "description": "<i>Howard Carter: Before the Discovery of Tutankhamun's Tomb</i>. The British Museum, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (November 13, 1992-May 31, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-11-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Howard Carter (1874-1939), London, England, gifted to his niece, Phyllis Walker", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1939", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Phyllis Walker, sold to an English Private Collector", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1939-", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sussex Armoury, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1973", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This object was in the collection of Howard Carter\u2014the man who discovered the intact tomb of Tutankhamun\u2014until his death.", "description": "Elegantly seated on a low base, its tail curled around its left side, this tiny cat, sacred animal of the goddess Bastet, is a sculptural tour de force. The front legs are carved entirely in openwork. The base, an amalgam of the hieroglyphs for \"ointment jar\" (also used in the writing the name of the goddess Bastet), and \"protection\" is admirably contoured to the animal's body. On the back is a loop for suspension.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757772"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.29-amulet-of-bastet"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1973.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 2 (1974).", "page_number": "no. 1, p. 33", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \u201cThree Minor Masterpieces of Egyptian Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 1 (1975).", "page_number": "pp. 14-15, figs 5-6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152570"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n34"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H.<em> Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "James, T. G. H. <em>Howard Carter and the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "p. 76", "url": ""}, {"citation": "James, T. G. H.<em> Howard Carter: The Path to Tutankhamun</em>. London: Kegan Paul International, 1992.", "page_number": "p. 185", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"1992 Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 6 (1993): 215-95.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 247", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161418"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 532", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.29", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.29/1973.29_web.jpg", "width": "714", "height": "893", "filesize": "276497", "filename": "1973.29_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.29/1973.29_print.jpg", "width": "2076", "height": "2595", "filesize": "2528660", "filename": "1973.29_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.29/1973.29_full.tif", "width": "2076", "height": "2595", "filesize": "16192184", "filename": "1973.29_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Norman O. Stone and Ella A. Stone Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147518, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -1069, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1069\u2013715 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Seated Cat"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:33:49.550000"}, {"id": 157104, "accession_number": "1993.236", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Seine at Bas-Meudon, 1865. Johan Barthold Jongkind (Dutch, 1819\u20131891). Oil on fabric; framed: 55.6 x 69.5 x 11.1 cm (21 7/8 x 27 3/8 x 4 3/8 in.); unframed: 34.1 x 48.1 cm (13 7/16 x 18 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the family of Constance Mather Bishop, 1993.236", "current_location": "222 Impressionism & Post-Impressionism", "title": "The Seine at Bas-Meudon", "creation_date": "1865", "creation_date_earliest": 1865, "creation_date_latest": 1865, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 55.6 x 69.5 x 11.1 cm (21 7/8 x 27 3/8 x 4 3/8 in.); Unframed: 34.1 x 48.1 cm (13 7/16 x 18 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.556, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.695, "width_inch": 27, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.111, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.341, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.481, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: Jongkind 1865 \r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Tableaux et Aquarelles de Jongkind.</em> Galeries Durand-Ruel, Paris,France (1899).", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "<em>French Paintings of the Later Nineteenth Century.</em> Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1921).", "opening_date": "1921-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Possibly Hotel Drouot, Paris, France, April 12-14, 1883, lot 84, sale Bascle Collection, sold to Paul Dutrimont)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1883", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie George Petit, Paris, France, December 3-4, 1906, sale, Alexandre Blanc Collection, sold to Paul Detrimont, according to annotated catalogue in Frick library)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1906", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Samuel Mather [1851-1931], Cleveland, OH, by descent to his daughter, Constance Mather Bishop", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Mrs. Robert H. Bishop, Jr., (Constance Mather Bishop) [1889-1969], Novelty, OH, by descent to her son, Dr. Johnathan S. Bishop", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Dr. Johathan S. Bishop, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1993", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1993-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Fellow artist Edouard Manet considered Jongkind the \"father of modern landscape painting.\"", "description": "Although born and trained in Holland, Jongkind spent much of his life painting outdoors in France. In this depiction of Bas-Meudon near Paris, the artist applied paint in small patches of bright color to suggest the intensity of outdoor light. Although typcially finished in the studio from open-air sketches, Jongkind's oil paintings achieve a convincing immediacy that greatly impressed the young Claude Monet. The two met in the early 1860s and spent part of a summer painting together along the coast of Normandy. \"From that time he was my real master,\" Monet later acknowledged, \"it was to him that I owe the final education of my eye.\"", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60477008"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1993.236-the-seine-at-bas-meu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Moreau-Ne\u0301laton, Etienne. <em>Jongkind raconte\u0301 par lui-me\u0302me</em>. Paris, France: H. Laurens, 1918.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 87-88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland.</em> Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: v. 2, p. 155", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hefting, Victorine. <em>Jongkind d'apre\u0300s sa correspondance</em>. Utrecht, Netherlands: Haentjens Dekker &amp; Gumbert, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 155, letter 2131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hefting, Victorine. <em>Jongkind: sa vie, son \u0153uvre, son e\u0301poque</em>. Paris, France: Arts et me\u0301tiers graphiques, 1975.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 356", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hefting, Victorine. <em>J. B. Jongkind: voorloper van het impressionisme</em>. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Bakker, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201c1993 Annual Report.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 81, no. 6 (July 1994): 143\u2013218.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 163", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161457"}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen.<em> Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: v. 2, p. 377-379, no. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Stein, Adolphe. <em>Jongkind: catalogue critique de l'oeuvre</em>. Paris, France: Brame &amp; Lorenceau, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172, fig. 368", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1993.236", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.236/1993.236_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "892", "filesize": "919635", "filename": "1993.236_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.236/1993.236_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2401", "filesize": "6612123", "filename": "1993.236_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1993.236/1993.236_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3531", "filesize": "52995924", "filename": "1993.236_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of the family of Constance Mather Bishop", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Gallery", "athena_id": 157104, "creators": [{"id": 1788, "description": "Johan Barthold Jongkind (Dutch, 1819\u20131891)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1819", "death_year": "1891", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1994-02-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1865, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1865", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:10:35.064000"}, {"id": 168223, "accession_number": "2010.1", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Rho I, 1977. Jack Whitten (American, 1939\u20132018). Acrylic on canvas; unframed: 182.8 x 213.2 cm (71 15/16 x 83 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Scott C. Mueller and Margaret Fulton Mueller, 2010.1. \u00a9 Jack Whitten", "current_location": "229C Contemporary", "title": "Rho I", "creation_date": "1977", "creation_date_earliest": 1977, "creation_date_latest": 1977, "artists_tags": ["male", "Black American Artists"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "acrylic on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 182.8 x 213.2 cm (71 15/16 x 83 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 1.828, "height_inch": 71, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 2.132, "width_inch": 83, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Jack Whitten", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 443702, "title": "Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus", "description": "<i>Currents and Constellations: Black Art in Focus</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-June 26, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-02-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 453007, "title": "Julie Mehretu: Portals", "description": "<i>Julie Mehretu: Portals</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 13, 2022).", "opening_date": "2022-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Jack Whitten, </em>Alexander Grey Gallery, New York, NY (September 13 - October 20, 2007)", "opening_date": "2007-09-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of the artist, consigned to Alexander Gray Associates, New York, NY, 2010", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1997-2010", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Alexander Gray Associates, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 2010)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2010", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2010-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This is part of Whitten\u2019s \u201cGreek Alphabet\u201d series where he completely removed color from his works to see how black and white can work together\u2014both artistically and politically.", "description": "Referring to his studio as his \u201claboratory,\u201d Jack Whitten experimented with tools and materials to create abstract artworks in response to social, political, and technological issues shaping his world. In 1970, he created the \u201cDeveloper,\u201d a rakelike wooden device he variously modified with serrated combs, metal blades, and squeegees, among other components. For <em>Rho I</em>, Whitten laid the canvas on his studio floor, covering it with thick coats of paint. He then pulled the Developer across the surface, revealing underlying layers as well as an impression of the studio floor and any scrap materials that may have been left or placed beneath the canvas.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60480582"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ostrow, Saul. \u201cProcess, Image and Elegy.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 96, no. 4 (April 2008): 148-155, 183.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 152-153", "url": "http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=504451986&site=ehost-live"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \"Cleveland Museum of Art Announces Newest Acquisitions,\" September 7, 2010, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4979"}, {"citation": "Mann, C. Griffith. \"Acquisitions 2010.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 51, no. 2 (March/April 2011): 10-27.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2011-02/page/20/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. <em>Director\u2019s Choice: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, in association with London: Scala Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72-73; mentioned: p. 73.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/813979055"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, in association with London: Scala Publishers Ltd., 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 335; mentioned: p. 334.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Franklin, David. \u201cRecent Acquisitions (2005-2011) at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>154, no. 1312 (July 2012): 525-32.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 532, Fig. XX.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/7781121424"}, {"citation": "Sparks, Amy and Rebecca Michaels, eds. <em>African American Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2013.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 6; mentioned: p. 26.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/828725641"}, {"citation": "Lee, Key Jo, and William Griswold. <em>Perceptual Drift: Black Art and an Ethics of Looking.</em> Cleveland, OH : Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 15-31, fig. 1, 5a-b.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.1", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Scott C. Mueller and Margaret Fulton Mueller", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168223, "creators": [{"id": 59136, "description": "Jack Whitten (American, 1939\u20132018)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1939", "death_year": "2018", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1977, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1977", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-28 11:04:06.014000"}, {"id": 141484, "accession_number": "1964.94", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Beggars and Street Characters (\u6d41\u6c13\u5716), 1516. Zhou Chen (Chinese, c. 1450\u2013c. 1536). Handscroll; ink and light color on paper; overall: 31.9 x 244.5 cm (12 9/16 x 96 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1964.94", "current_location": null, "title": "Beggars and Street Characters", "title_in_original_language": "\u6d41\u6c13\u5716", "creation_date": "1516", "creation_date_earliest": 1516, "creation_date_latest": 1516, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Ming dynasty (1368\u20131644)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 31.9 x 244.5 cm (12 9/16 x 96 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.319, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 2.445, "width_inch": 96, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u984c: \u5468\u81e3\u6d41\u6c13\u5716. \u53e4\u5807\u8d99\u9db4\u7434  [\u5370] \u8001\u9db4\u81e8\u6c60; \u9d5d\u6c60\u8ed2", "inscription_translation": "Title on frontispiece by Zhao Heqin \u8d99\u9db4\u7434 (1895-1971): Zhou Chen Liu Mang Tu [seal] Lao he lin chi; E chi xuan", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u6b63\u5fb7\u4e19\u5b50\u79cb\u4e03\u6708\uff0c\u9592\u7a97\u7121\u4e8b \uff0c\u5076\u8a18\u7d20\u898b\u5e02\u9053\u4e10\u8005\u7a2e\u7a2e\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e58\u7b46\u786f\u4e4b\u4fbf\uff0c\u7387\u723e\u5716\u5beb\u3002\u96d6\u7121\u8db3\u89c0\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a9\u8b66\u52f5\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e91\u3002\n\n\u6771\u90a8\u5468\u81e3\u8a18 [\u5370]\u6771\u90a8; \u821c\u537f; \u9d5d\u5834\u6563\u4eba", "inscription_translation": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 3 seals, at end of scroll:\n\nIn the autumn season, the seventh month of the year bingzi during the Zhengde reign [1516], I was sitting by the window without much to do. By chance I remembered what I had seen in our city\u2019s streets, the many different sorts of beggars and their appearances. Taking advantage of a ready brush and the inkstone around me, I casually sketched [their appearances]. Even though the results were not worthy, they could still be of some use in alerting people about their presence.\n\nRecorded by Dongcun, Zhou Chen.  [seals] Dongcun; Shunqing; E chang san ren.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u5433\u4e2d\u6771\u90a8\u5468\u541b\uff0c\u5584\u4e39\u9752\uff0c\u5c24\u9577\u65bc\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u6b64\u5716\u5176\u6240\u898b\u76db\u5e02\u4e10\u8005\u4e4b\u72c0\u7a2e\u7a2e\uff0c\u5404\u76e1\u5176\u614b\uff0c\u89c0\u8005\u7d55\u5012\u3002\u55df\u4e4e\uff0c\u4eca\u4e4b\u665d\u591c\u4e5e\u54c0\u4ee5\u6c42\u5bcc\u8cb4\u8005\uff0c\u5b89\u5f97\u8d77\u5468\u541b\u800c\u8c8c\u4e4b\u8036\u3002\u81e5\u96f2\u5fb5\u541b\u51fa\u793a\uff0c\u4f59\u6f2b\u984c\u5176\u5f8c\u3002\n\n\u7532\u5b50\u6b72\u5341\u6708\u5433\u9580\u9ec3\u59ec\u6c34 [\u5370] \u58eb\u96c5\u5c71\u4eba; \u53e6\u4e00\u5370\u4e0d\u8a73", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1564, and 2 seals of Huang Jishui \u9ec3\u59ec\u6c34 (1509-1574):\n\nMaster Zhou Dongcun [Zhou Chen] of the Wu district was skilled at painting. He was especially skilled at figural subjects. This scroll depicts an assortment of beggars in their differing appearances in a comprehensive manner. Viewers fall completely under the [artist\u2019s] beguiling portrayals. Alas, there are those who night and day seek their fortunes, where could they find another Master Zhou to have their portraits done? The distinguished gentleman Woyun brought out the painting to show me. I casually wrote a few words on it.\n\nThe tenth month of the jiazi year [1564]. [seal] Shi ya shan ren; another seal undecipherable.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u662f\u518a\u51e1\u6578\u7a2e\u3002\u5176\u98e2\u5bd2\u6d41\u96e2\u75b2\u7643\u6b98\u75be\u4e4b\u72c0\uff0c\u7a2e\u7a2e\u4e4b\u7570\u3002\u89c0\u6b64\u800c\u4e0d\u60fb\u7136\u5fc3\u50b7\u8005\uff0c\u975e\u4ec1\u4eba\u4e5f\u3002\u8a08\u6b63\u5fb7\u4e19\u5b50\u9006\u747e\u4e4b\u6d41\u6bd2\u5df2\u6578\u5e74\u3002\u800c[\u6c5f]\u5f6c [\u9322] \u5be7\u8f29\u8086\u8650\u65b9\u71be\u3002\u610f\u5206\u7b26\u5256\u7af9\u8af8\u541b\uff0c\u4ea6\u9bae\u6709\u80fd\u64ab\u5b57\u5176\u6c11\u8005\u3002\u7136\u5247\u821c\u537f\u6b64\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b86\u8207\u912d\u541b \u6d41\u6c11\u5716\u540c\u610f\u3002\u5176\u6709\u88dc\u65bc\u6cbb\u9053\u8005\u4e0d\u6dfa\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u58a8\u6232\u5ffd\u4e4b\u4e5f\u3002\n\n\u9577\u6d32\u5f35\u98a8\u7ffc\u984c", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon and 3 seals of Zhang Fengyi \u5f35\u98a8\u7ffc (1527-1613): \n\nThis album(s) contains several sets of figures. They revealed the varied condition of these vagabonds, suffering from hunger, cold, fatigue, sickness, and crippling conditions. Those who view it without feeling sympathy are not men of kind hearts. Considering the year of 1516, it was when the treacherous Liu Jin\u2019s ill-effects lingered on for several more years, and when Jiang Bin and Qian Ning were at their apogee. Even those with power and authority could hardly impart any justice to the populace at large. By this reckoning, could it be that Shunqing [Zhou Chen] painted this along the same idea as Zheng Xia\u2019s Rootless Migrants? [If so], it too could have given assistance to those ruling parties, and should not be merely deemed as worthless inkplay! \n\nInscribed by Zhang Fengyi of Changzhou.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u6771\u6751\u6b64\u7b46\uff0c\u84cb\u5716\u5beb\u98e2\u5bd2\u4e5e\u4e10\u4e4b\u614b\uff0c\u4ee5\u8b66\u4e16\u4fd7\u8033\u3002\u800c\u8cea\u5c71 [\u9ec3\u59ec\u6c34]\u6b32\u5176\u5beb\u660f\u591c\u4e5e\u54c0\uff0c\u800c\u9748\u589f[\u5f35\u9cf3\u7ffc]\u5247\u64ec\u4e4b\u65bc\u5b89\u4e0a\u9580\u5716\u3002\u4e8c\u541b\u4e4b\u898b\uff0c\u5176\u5404\u6709\u6240\u6307\u54c9\u3002\u6614\u5510\u516d\u5982\u6bcf\u898b\u5468\u7b46\uff0c\u8f12\u7a31\u66f0\uff1a\u5468\u5148\u751f\uff01\u84cb\u6df1\u670d\u5176\u795e\u5999\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u3002\u82e5\u6b64\u518a\u8005\uff0c\u4fe1\u975e\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u800c\u6709\u7b26\u65bc\u516d\u5982\u4e4b\u5fc3\u4f0f\u77e3\u3002\u8c48\u6613\u5f97\u8036\u3002\u82e5\u9ec3\u3001\u5f35\u4e4b\u6307\uff0c\u5247\u53c8\u8ad6\u65bc\u756b\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5f62\u4f3c\u7b46\u58a8\u4e4b\u65e8\u4e5f\u3002\n\n\u842c\u6b77\u4e01\u4e11\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u4e09\u65e5 \u8302\u82d1\u6587\u5609", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1577, and 1 seal of Wen Jia \u6587\u5609 (1501-1583): \n\nThis painting by Dongcun [Zhou Chen], which portrays the beggars suffering from cold and hunger, was to alert social consciousness. By contrast, Huang Jishui demanded a further portrayal of those seeking wealth and fortune night and day; whereas Zheng Fengyi compared it to a work presented all the way to the imperial might. These two gentlemen obviously had their own opinions. [However], in the past, when Tang Yin encountered Zhen Chen\u2019s paintings, he [could not help] but exclaim: \u201cAh, Master Zhou!\u201d This was because he truly admired those paintings [by his teacher], which often attained the height of being divine and wondrous, far beyond what he himself could accomplish. As far as this album is [these albums are] concerned, it simply is not possible that any other artist could have done this in the way that caused Tang Yin\u2019s unfaltering admiration. Such an album is [albums are] truly rare! As far as Zhang and Huang are concerned, what they talked about are extrinsic to painting, and lie beyond the aim of brush and ink. \n\nThe third day, twelfth month of dingchou year of Wanli [1577].", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 226554, "title": "Human Images", "description": "<i>Human Images</i>. Kyoto National Museum, Kyoto, Japan (organizer) (October 23-November 25, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203084, "title": "Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen", "description": "<i>Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-July 31, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 336424, "title": "Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "<i>Facing the Ancestors: Chinese Portraits and Figure Painting \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 12, 2019-February 2, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-08-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</em>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1980-11-07T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 122)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23-October 27, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-07-23T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "\u201cWo Yun \u5367\u96f2\u201d, probably Feng Zil\u00fc \u99ae\u5b50\u5c65 [1539\u20131596]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Chen Xin \u9673\u65b0 [life dates unknown]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(N. V. Hammer, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131964", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Although Zhou Chen's original composition was an album of 24 figures, today it is mounted as two handscrolls, one in the Cleveland collection and one in the Honolulu Museum of Art.", "description": "Zhou Chen from Suzhou provides rare depictions of impoverished people that once filled the city\u2019s markets and streets. Despite Suzhou\u2019s prosperity, its rapid growth polarized society, including the wealthy and those who had deserted their farmlands, who were without homes, unemployed, or sick. Amid these are figures who inspire fear rather than empathy. The painting may thus be informed by local practices at the end of the lunar year, in which street beggars, in exchange for food or money, would dress up like ghosts and demons to drive out evil forces.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469455"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.94-beggars-and-street-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Yang, Xin \u694a\u65b0. \u201cZhou Chen de Qishi tu\u201d \u5468\u81e3\u7684\u4e5e\u98df\u5716 [Zhou Chen\u2019s <em>Beggars</em>] , <em>Meishu yanjiu </em>\u7f8e\u8853\u7814\u7a76, 2, pp. 85\u201388.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. <em>Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principle</em>s. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: VII, Lists, 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cAcquisitions of Works of Art by Museums and Galleries: Supplement.\u201d <em>The Burlington Magazine</em>, vol. 107, no. 744, 1965, pp. 159\u2013167.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 162\u2013163, figs. 77\u201379", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/874578"}, {"citation": "\u201cAnnual Report for 1964.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 52, no. 6, 1965, pp. 141\u2013166.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 153", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152054"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 264", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n288"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cLiterati and Professionals: Four Ming Painters.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 53, no. 1, 1966, pp. 2\u201325.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 9, 10, fig. 3.", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152081"}, {"citation": "Lawton, Thomas. \"Scholar and servants.\" <em>National Palace Museum Bulletin </em>\u570b\u7acb\u6545\u5bae\u535a\u7269\u9662, Vol. 1, no. 5 (Nov. 1966), pp. 8\u201310.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 8 and 10", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 264", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n288"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Water and the Moon in Chinese and Modern Painting.\" <em>Art international</em>, vol. 14 (1970), no. 1, pp. 47\u201359.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p. 56, Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cVarieties of Portraiture in Chinese and Japanese Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 64, no. 4, 1977, pp. 118\u2013136.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 133, 134, figs. 21, 22", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159523"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 350", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n370"}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. <em>Parting at the Shore: Chinese Painting of the Early and Middle Ming Dynasty, 1368-1580</em>. New York: Weatherhill, 1978.", "page_number": "p. 191", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 160, pp. 194\u2013195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Siggstedt, Mette. <em>Zhou Chen: The Life and Paintings of a Ming Professional Artist</em>. [Stockholm]: [Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities], 1983.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Clunas, Craig. <em>Pictures and Visuality in Early Modern China</em>. London: Reaktion Books, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87, no. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Time-Life Books. <em>What Life Was Like in the Land of the Dragon: Imperial China, AD 960-1368</em>. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 59, cat. no. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murphey, Rhoads. <em>A History of Asia</em>. New York: Longman, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 204", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thorp, Robert L., and Richard Ellis Vinograd. <em>Chinese Art &amp; Culture</em>. New York: Abrams, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 311", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murck, Alfreda. \"Images that Amonish.\" <em>Orientations</em>, vol. 32, number 6 (June 2001), pp. 52\u201357.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 53, fig. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Hyu\u0304man ime\u0304ji: wareware wa ningen o dono yo\u0304ni hyo\u0304genshite kita no ka?: tokubetsu tenrankai</em> [\u30d2\u30e5\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30fb\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8 : \u308f\u308c\u308f\u308c\u306f\u4eba\u9593\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8868\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u304d\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff1f: \u7279\u5225\u5c55\u89a7\u4f1a = Human images]. Kyoto: Kyo\u0304to Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 212, cat. no. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mair, Victor H., Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt, and Paul Rakita Goldin. <em>Hawai'i reader in traditional Chinese culture</em>. Honolulu: University of Hawai\u02bbi Press, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 99", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung.<em> Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 264\u2013269", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bianchi, Alice. <em>Ghost-Like Beggars in Chinese Painting: The Case of Zhou Chen</em> In: <em>Fant\u00f4mes dans l'Extr\u00eame-Orient d'hier et d'aujourd'hui - Tome 1</em> [online]. Paris: Presses de l\u2019Inalco, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: figs. 13, 15, and 17", "url": "http://books.openedition.org/pressesinalco/1484"}, {"citation": "Park, J. P. <em>A New Middle Kingdom: Painting and Cultural Politics in Late Choso\u0306n Korea (1700-1850).</em> Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95, fig 2.19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 231\u2013233, no. 102", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.94", "images": {"annotation": "", "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.94/1964.94_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "68", "filesize": "", "filename": "1964.94_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.94/1964.94_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "255", "filesize": "", "filename": "1964.94_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.94/1964.94_full.tif", "width": "64714", "height": "4862", "filesize": "", "filename": "1964.94_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.94/1964.94_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1193", "height": "893", "filesize": "758734"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.94/1964.94_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": 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Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition, The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1936, no. 119.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The two figures who kneel with their hands clasped are likely the donors who commissioned this painting.", "description": "This work reinterprets the most common subject in Renaissance art\u2014the Madonna and Child. The tender relationship of mother and son spoke to Mary\u2019s role as intercessor for humanity, sparked an empathetic relationship with Christ, and helped invest Christian practice with tenderness and compassion. Works at this scale were usually for private devotion, but distinct styles and refined craftsmanship were also appreciated for their artistry and creativity. Here the donors occupy the same landscape as the holy figures, emphasizing how Mary\u2019s compassion extends into our world. This painting was never finished, visible in Saint Anthony Abbot\u2019s beard and the female saint\u2019s empty hand, which makes her identity impossible to pin down.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3842526"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.636-virgin-and-child-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Humfrey, Peter. <em>Cima Da Conegliano</em>. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1983.", "page_number": "93", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Menegazzi, Luigi. <em>Cima da Conegliano</em>. Treviso: Canova, 1981.", "page_number": "139-140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Giovanni Carlo Federico Villa. <em>Cima da Conegliano: poeta del paesaggio</em>. Venezia: Marsilio, 2010.", "page_number": "18-19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [14], Plate IV, cat. no. 2; Mention: p. 21, cat. no. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n25"}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Department of Paintings.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>29, no. 9 (November 1942): 132-136", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 132", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141016"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 412", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n75"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n112"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 88", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n112"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n122"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 332; Mentioned: p. 333", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nieto Ferna\u0301ndez, Luis. <em>The painted parapet: structure and symbolism/El parapeto pintado: estructura y simbolismo. </em>Madrid: Rayxart Investigaci\u00f3n,  2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 106, fig. 150; Mention: p. 296", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Sketchbook: Michelangelo: Mind of the Master.</em> Cleveland Museum of Art; Cleveland, Ohio, 2019.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Cleveland Museum of Art. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition: June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hilary, John. <em>Magnates &amp; Masterpieces: The German-Jewish Collectors of Edwardian Britain.</em> New Haven: Yale University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 209-210, fig. 12.8", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.636", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.636/1942.636_web.jpg", "width": "1262", "height": "893", "filesize": "728646", "filename": "1942.636_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.636/1942.636_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2406", "filesize": "5180218", "filename": "1942.636_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.636/1942.636_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "4245", "filesize": "76443456", "filename": "1942.636_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Grace Rainey Rogers Fund, 1947.62", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure of Budai or Hotei with Jar", "creation_date": "c. 1735\u201340", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1745, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, Chantilly"], "technique": "Tin-glazed soft-paste porcelain with enamel decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 17.2 cm (6 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.172, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Mark of the Chantilly factory (red hunting horn), on bottom]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 442812, "title": "Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence", "description": "<i>Chinoiserie: The Chinese Influence</i>. 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Budai, pronounced Hotei in Japanese, was a semilegendary Chinese monk known in Japan through the transmission of Chan Bhuddism. This figure\u2019s decoration with multicolor overglaze enamels on a milky-white is typical of Japanese Kakiemon style.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757149"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1947.62-figure-of-budai-or-h"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"French Soft-Paste Porcelain.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 34 (December 1947).", "page_number": "p. 250", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Soft-Paste Porcelain of France.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> XI (Autumn 1948).", "page_number": "p. 336, 343, 344, 347; fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ballu, Nicole. \"Influence de l'Extre\u0302me-Orient sur le style de Chantilly au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle.\" <em>Cahiers de la ce\u0301ramique et des arts du feu: Revue trimestrielle</em> 1958: 100-112.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n158"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n158"}, {"citation": "Jedding, Hermann. <em>Europa\u0308isches Porzellan</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Keysersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. 1, 1971.", "page_number": "p. 253; no. 768", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 176", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n196"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 60, fig. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Vivian S. Hawes, and Christina S. Corsiglia. <em>The Rita &amp; Frits Markus Collection of European Ceramics &amp; Enamels</em>. Boston, Mass: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1984.", "page_number": "p. 163-65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "D'Agliano, Andreina. \"Eine ho\u0308chst seltene Porzellan-Statuette aus Chantilly\". <em>Keramos</em> 112 (April 1986): 3-8.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Duc, Genevie\u0300ve.<em> Porcelaine tendre de Chantilly au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle: he\u0301ritages des manufactures de Rouen, Saint-Cloud et Paris et influences sur les autres manufactures de XVIIIe sie\u0300cle</em>. Paris: Hazan, 1996.", "page_number": "p. 89-99", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Linda Horvitz Roth, and Clare Le Corbeiller. <em>French Eighteenth-Century Porcelain at the Wadsworth Atheneum: The J. Pierpont Morgan Collection</em>. Hartford, CT: Wadsworth Atheneum, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 40-41", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Le Corbeiller, Clare. \"A Chantilly Magot with Globe: Suggested Evolution of a Model.\" <em>The French Porcelain Society Journal</em> 1 (2003): 91-101.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brunel, Georges. <em>Pagodes et dragons: exotisme et fantaisie dans l'Europe rococo, 1720-1770</em>. Paris: Paris-Muse\u0301es, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 160; no. 40", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1947.62", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.62/1947.62_web.jpg", "width": "865", "height": "900", "filesize": "215428", "filename": "1947.62_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.62/1947.62_print.jpg", "width": "3268", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1334731", "filename": "1947.62_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.62/1947.62_full.tif", "width": "6938", "height": "7218", "filesize": "150262412", "filename": "1947.62_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.62/1947.62_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "859", "height": "900", "filesize": "219943"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1947.62/1947.62_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3246", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1344190"}, 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null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "Founded in c. 1730 under the patronage of Louis-Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Cond\u00e9, an impassioned collector of Japanese Arita porcelain, and managed by Ciquaire Cirou until his death in 1751. Only soft-paste porcelain was made.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1947-04-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735\u201340", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Seated Chinese with a Pot", "Figure of a Chinese with Jar"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:30:15.838000"}, {"id": 128833, "accession_number": "1951.450", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Triptych: The Life of the Virgin, c. 1325\u20131350. France, Lorraine?, or Austria?, Gothic period, 14th century. Ivory, traces of gilding; overall: 25.9 x 21.3 cm (10 3/16 x 8 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1951.450", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "Triptych: The Life of the Virgin", "creation_date": "c. 1325\u20131350", "creation_date_earliest": 1320, "creation_date_latest": 1355, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, Lorraine?, or Austria?, Gothic period, 14th century"], "technique": "ivory, traces of gilding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Ivory", "measurements": "Overall: 25.9 x 21.3 cm (10 3/16 x 8 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.259, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.213, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304558, "title": "When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story", "description": "<i>When Angels Bent Near the Earth to Touch Their Harps of Gold: The Christmas Story</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 1, 1981-January 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-12-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Collection of Count Scipio, Krakow (late 19th century) (Engraving no. 57, pl. III in sale catalogue or collection catalogue tbd)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Boehm collection, Vienna.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Prince of Liechtenstein, Vaduz", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Rosenberg and Stiebel, Inc. New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1951", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The pinnacle, roof moldings, and base are modern additions attached before the object entered our collection.", "description": "The Virgin and Child, standing beneath a three-part arch, occupy the central plaque of this triptych. On the wings are carved four scenes from the life of the Virgin: the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Adoration of the Magi, and Christ's Presentation in the Temple. By the end of the 12th century, devotional objects like this became widespread in many parts of Western Europe as a result of the growing cult of the Virgin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756464"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.450-triptych-the-life-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "HEFNER-ALTENECK, Jacob Heinrich von. Trachten, Kunstwerke Und Gera\u0308thschaften Vom Fru\u0308hen Mittelalter Bis Ende Des Achtzehnten Jahrhunderts. ... Zweite Vermehrte ... Auflage. 1879.", "page_number": "III (1882), pl. 169", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brunn [Brno] exhbition catalogue, 1884.", "page_number": "pl. 71", "url": null}, {"citation": "H. Semper, \"\u00dcber eine besondere Gruppe elfenbeinerner Klappalt\u00e4rchen des XIV Jahrhunderts\", <em>Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Christliche Kunst </em>11 (1898).", "page_number": "pp. 117-118", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koechlin, Raymond.<em> Les ivoires gothiques franc\u0327ais. </em>Paris: A. Picard, 1924.", "page_number": "Vol. I, pp. 123, 203; II, no. 127", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 137", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n37"}, {"citation": "\"Gothic Art 1360-1440.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963).", "page_number": "p. 174", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n89"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n89"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 72", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n92"}, {"citation": "Amato, Pietro. <em>Tesori d'arte dei musei diocesani</em>. Torino: U. Allemandi, 1986.", "page_number": "pp. 224-225", "url": null}, {"citation": "Randall, Richard H. <em>The Golden Age of Ivory: Gothic Carvings in North American Collections. </em>New York: Hudson Hills Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 40, p. 55", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barnet, Peter. <em>Images in Ivory: Precious Objects of the Gothic Age</em>. Detroit, Mich: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1997.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 48, pp. 211-212", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina. <em>Worlds Within: Opening the Medieval Shrine Madonna</em>. University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced:  pp. 22-23", "url": null}, {"citation": "'Gothic Ivories Project at The Courtauld Institute of Art, London, www.gothicivories.courtauld.ac.uk' 2020", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.gothicivories.courtauld.ac.uk/images/ivory/25DC9379_b388803e.html"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.450", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "893", "filesize": "306908", "filename": "1951.450_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_print.jpg", "width": "2304", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4067155", "filename": "1951.450_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_full.tif", "width": "4174", "height": "6160", "filesize": "77166640", "filename": "1951.450_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "539", "height": "893", "filesize": "201051"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2053", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3032911"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3792", "height": "6281", "filesize": "71481764"}, "date_created": "2009-02-11T19:06:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "559", "height": "893", "filesize": "207880"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2130", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3237558"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3864", "height": "6168", "filesize": "71528308"}, "date_created": "2009-02-11T19:16:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "469", "height": "893", "filesize": "153674"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1784", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2527128"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3189", "height": "6077", "filesize": "58167112"}, "date_created": "2009-02-11T19:31:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "432", "height": "893", "filesize": "143441"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1643", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2355784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.450/1951.450_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2954", "height": "6113", "filesize": "54201836"}, "date_created": "2009-02-11T19:38:13", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128833, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-11-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1320, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1325\u20131350", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Triptych: Madonna and Child with Scenes of Annunciation, Visitation, Adoration, Presentation"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:39:14.910000"}, {"id": 152818, "accession_number": "1985.69", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Wall Charger Depicting Two Birds, 1879. Edouard Lievre (French, 1829\u20131886), Fernand Thesmar (French, 1843\u20131912). Cloisonn\u00e9 and painted enamel mounted in gilt metal frame; framed: 50.7 x 50.7 cm (19 15/16 x 19 15/16 in.); diameter: 28.9 cm (11 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Arthur F. Connard in memory of Jacob B. Perkins and Family, 1985.69", "current_location": "221 19th Century Decorative Arts", "title": "Wall Charger Depicting Two Birds", "creation_date": "1879", "creation_date_earliest": 1879, "creation_date_latest": 1879, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "cloisonn\u00e9 and painted enamel mounted in gilt metal frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Framed: 50.7 x 50.7 cm (19 15/16 x 19 15/16 in.); Diameter: 28.9 cm (11 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.507, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.507, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "diameter": {"width": 0.289, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "on front of the plaque, monogrammed and dated 1879.  ", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jacob B. Perkins; Mrs. Arthur F. Connard, Rocky River, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "After Japan was opened to the West in the 1860s, Western craftsmen exposed to these new artistic sensibilities popularized the delicate natural and floral motifs that were characteristic of Japanese design.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781165"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.69-wall-charger-depicti"]}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.69", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.69/1985.69_web.jpg", "width": "923", "height": "893", "filesize": "773179", "filename": "1985.69_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.69/1985.69_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3289", "filesize": "9941023", "filename": "1985.69_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.69/1985.69_full.tif", "width": "4776", "height": "4620", "filesize": "66237740", "filename": "1985.69_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.69/1985.69_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "879", "height": "893", "filesize": "834050"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.69/1985.69_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1560", "filesize": "2643387"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.69/1985.69_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1560", "filesize": "7191156"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Arthur F. Connard in memory of Jacob B. Perkins and Family", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152818, "creators": [{"id": 388593, "description": "Edouard Lievre (French, 1829\u20131886)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": null, "biography": "artist 1829-1886", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1829", "death_year": "1886", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}, {"id": 14394, "description": "Fernand Thesmar (French, 1843\u20131912)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "enamelist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1843", "death_year": "1912", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-05-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1879, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1879", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:54:03.019000"}, {"id": 101376, "accession_number": "1920.1989", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Shawabty of Nectanebo II, 360\u2013342 BCE. Egypt, Late period (715\u2013332 BCE), Dynasty 30, reign of Nectanebo II (358\u2013340 BCE). Pale turquoise faience; overall: 19 x 6.1 x 3.8 cm (7 1/2 x 2 3/8 x 1 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, 1920.1989", "current_location": "107 Egyptian", "title": "Shawabty of Nectanebo II", "creation_date": "360\u2013342 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -360, "creation_date_latest": -342, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Egypt, Late period (715\u2013332 BCE), Dynasty 30, reign of Nectanebo II (358\u2013340 BCE)"], "technique": "pale turquoise faience", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Egypt - Late Period", "type": "Funerary Equipment", "measurements": "Overall: 19 x 6.1 x 3.8 cm (7 1/2 x 2 3/8 x 1 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.19, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.061, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375, "depth": 0.038, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": null, "inscription_translation": "The illuminated one, the Osiris, king Nakhthorheb-Meryhathor, vindicated, says, \"O these shabtys, if the Osiris, king Nakhthorheb-Meryhathor, vindicated, is counted off to do any of the work in the necropolis, there being obstacles, placed therin, as a man about his duties, 'Here I am!' you shall say.  If you are counted off at any time therein to cause the fields to grow, to irrigate the river banks, or to ferry the sand from the West to the East and vice-versa, 'Here I am!' you shall say.\"", "inscription_remark": "Eight registers wraps around the lower body, beginning and ending in the rear.", "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 207517, "title": "Gifts of the Nile: Ancient Egyptian Faience", "description": "<i>Gifts of the Nile: Ancient Egyptian Faience</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (May 10-July 5, 1998); Museum of Art, Rhode Island School of Design, RI (August 25, 1998-January 3, 1999).", "opening_date": "1998-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 521173, "title": "Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession", "description": "<i>Egyptomania: Fashion\u2019s Conflicted Obsession</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 1, 2023-January 28, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-04-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The World of Ceramics : Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 30-September 5, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "E.A. Abemayor, Cairo, Egypt, through Howard Carter, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1920", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1920-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["3935.20"], "did_you_know": "Nectanebo II is the last Egyptian native to be pharaoh. This small statuette has idealized facial features and bears an inscription on the lower half that contains a wish for the afterlife.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760762"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1920.1989-shawabty-of-nectaneb"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. T<em>he World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 7, fig. 8", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mys\u0301liwiec, Karol.<em> Royal portraiture of the dynasties XXI-XXX. </em>Mainz am Rhein: Ph. von Zabern, 1988.", "page_number": "p. 73, no. 4b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 452; Mentioned: p. 452-453", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1920.1989", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1989/1920.1989_web.jpg", "width": "652", "height": "893", "filesize": "236121", "filename": "1920.1989_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1989/1920.1989_print.jpg", "width": "2484", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3020546", "filename": "1920.1989_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1989/1920.1989_full.tif", "width": "4714", "height": "6453", "filesize": "91288368", "filename": "1920.1989_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1989/1920.1989_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "258013"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1989/1920.1989_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2548", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3508681"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1920.1989/1920.1989_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4857", "height": "6481", "filesize": "94464640"}, "date_created": "2007-04-23T19:39:02", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 101376, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1920-12-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -360, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "360\u2013342 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:29:02.068000"}, {"id": 153366, "accession_number": "1986.57", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Platter, late 1500s. Circle of Bernard Palissy (French, 1510\u20131589). Lead-glazed earthenware; overall: 49 x 40 cm (19 5/16 x 15 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1986.57", "current_location": "114 Late Northern Renaissance", "title": "Platter", "creation_date": "late 1500s", "creation_date_earliest": 1575, "creation_date_latest": 1599, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 16th century"], "technique": "lead-glazed earthenware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 49 x 40 cm (19 5/16 x 15 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.49, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.4, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1986</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310061, "title": "Renaissance Splendor: Catherine de\u2019 Medici\u2019s Valois Tapestries", "description": "<i>Renaissance Splendor: Catherine de\u2019 Medici\u2019s Valois Tapestries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 18, 2018-January 21, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-11-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1987: \"Year in Review 1986,\" Bulletin, 74 (February 1987), p. 61, no. 24, repr. p. 61", "opening_date": "1987-02-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Rainer Zietz Ltd., London).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Coiled snakes, slinking lizards, and scaly fish adorn this decorative platter. Some of the naturalistic details were formed using casts of real animals.", "description": null, "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778164"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.57-platter"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1986.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 74, no. 2 (1987).", "page_number": "p. 61", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159974"}, {"citation": "Christman, Bruce, \"Cyber-Ceramics \", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 04, April 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-04/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Cleland, Elizabeth A. H. and  Marjorie E. Wieseman. <em>Renaissance Splendor: Catherine De' Medici's Valois Tapestries. </em>Cleveland, OH; New Haven, CT: Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press,  2018.  106236147", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 20", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.57", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "734", "filesize": "674117", "filename": "1986.57_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1976", "filesize": "4479810", "filename": "1986.57_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "2906", "filesize": "43618624", "filename": "1986.57_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1248", "height": "893", "filesize": "879301"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2433", "filesize": "5827432"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3578", "filesize": "53702568"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "892", "filesize": "754779"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2402", "filesize": "4732408"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3533", "filesize": "53026336"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "499", "filesize": "289036"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1342", "filesize": "1957018"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.57/1986.57_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "1973", "filesize": "29616484"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153366, "creators": [{"id": 5766, "description": "Bernard Palissy (French, 1510\u20131589)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "circle of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1510", "death_year": "1589", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-09-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1575, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:55:19.269000"}, {"id": 147520, "accession_number": "1973.30", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Card Rack with a Jack of Hearts, c.1895. John F. Peto (American, 1854\u20131907). Oil on canvas; framed: 95.9 x 83.2 x 4.4 cm (37 3/4 x 32 3/4 x 1 3/4 in.); unframed: 76.2 x 63.5 cm (30 x 25 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1973.30", "current_location": null, "title": "Card Rack with a Jack of Hearts", "creation_date": "c.1895", "creation_date_earliest": 1890, "creation_date_latest": 1900, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 95.9 x 83.2 x 4.4 cm (37 3/4 x 32 3/4 x 1 3/4 in.); Unframed: 76.2 x 63.5 cm (30 x 25 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.959, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.832, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.044, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "unframed": {"height": 0.762, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.635, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "former": {"height": 0.959, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.832, "width_inch": 32, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.057, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed upper right: \"J F P\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302330, "title": "Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976", "description": "<i>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting 1776 - 1976</i>. Buffalo AKG Art Museum, Buffalo, NY (organizer) (March 7-April 11, 1976); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (May 2-June 13, 1976); The Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, OH (July 4-August 15, 1976); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 8-October 10, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-03-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 184052, "title": "Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age", "description": "<i>Cleveland Collects American Art of the Gilded Age</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 23-May 18, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 181802, "title": "The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland (MOCA), Cleveland, OH (June 9-August 20, 2006).", "opening_date": "2006-06-09T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Northampton, Mass., Smith College Museum of Art, John F. Peto (1-24 March 1950); traveled to Brooklyn, The Brooklyn Museum of Art (11 April-21 May 1950); San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor (10 June-9 July 1950); cat. no. 36, not illus.", "opening_date": "1950-04-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Hirschl &amp; Adler Galleries Inc., Faces and Places: Changing Images of 19th Century America (5 December 1972-6 January 1973)", "opening_date": "1972-12-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Buffalo, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976 (6 March-11 April 1976); Detroit, The Detroit Institute of Arts (5 May-13 June 1976); Toledo, The Toledo Museum of Art (4 July-15 August 1976); Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art (8 September-10 October 1976), illus. cat. no. 24.", "opening_date": "1976-03-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Washington, D.C., National Gallery of Art, Important Information Inside: The Art of John F. Peto and the Idea of Still-Life Painting in Nineteenth-Century America (16 January-29 May 1983); traveled to Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum (15 July-18 September 1983), cat. no. 189, illus. p. 201.", "opening_date": "1983-01-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art Still-Life Paintings in Gallery 222 (1992?), pamphlet which seems to have accompanied a small show of still-lifes owned by the CMA; the 8/92 at the end of the pamphlet seems to indicate that is when this show took place, but this could not be confirmed.", "opening_date": "1992-08-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973-", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hirschl & Adler Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972-1973", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Alice Kaplan [1903-1995], New York, NY1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Alice Kaplan was a prominent New York City art collector and patron.&nbsp; Presumably, she purchased the painting from Kennedy Galleries, possibly in 1965.</div>"], "date": "Probably 1965-1972", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Kennedy Galleries, New York, NY, probably sold to Alice Kaplan)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "By 1965", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Howard Keyser III [1904-1980], Island Heights, NJ and Philadelphia, PA, consigned to the Kennedy Galleries 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 The circumstances of Keyser\u2019s acquisition of the painting are unknown, but the scholarly record hints at two possible scenarios.&nbsp; According to Alfred V. Frankenstein, Peto sold a number of paintings to James M. Bryant [1853-1923], of Island Heights, NJ, and these paintings were dispersed among Bryant\u2019s son-in-law, Howard Keyser, Jr. [1875-1959], and Keyser\u2019s four children:&nbsp; James, Cheston, Mrs. William Wood, and Howard III.&nbsp; Alternatively, according to a 1964 article about Peto's studio, there was \"a Mr. Keyser who had bought paintings from Peto through the years for a few dollars\u201d; presumably, this references Howard Keyser, Jr., who in turn could have passed ownership of the Cleveland painting to his son, Howard Keyser III.&nbsp; We know for certain that Howard Keyser III had the painting by July 21, 1947, when Frankenstein compiled a list of the Peto paintings located in Keyser's Island Heights home (the Cleveland Peto is No. 7).</div>"], "date": "By 1947 - by 1965", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Living in a New Jersey resort town, Peto sold some of his paintings to tourists.", "description": "Like modern-day bulletin boards, card racks were used to gather newspaper clippings, scraps of paper, and other ephemera in one place. Although it is unclear if the items seen here carry symbolic meaning, they nevertheless demonstrate the human desire to collect and recollect. Their tattered state and frayed edges further evoke a sense of memory and nostalgia. The illusionistic quality of Peto\u2019s pictures makes the objects appear to exist in real space. Even the cigarette butt perched at the bottom looks ready to be plucked from the painting\u2019s frame.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472526"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.30-card-rack-with-a-jac"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Alfred Victor Frankenstein papers, 1861-1980, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution [Reels 1376-1377].", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. \"American Painting.\" Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, no date.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced (unpaginated pamphlet)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Frankenstein, Alfred. \"Harnett, True and False.\" <em>The Art Bulletin</em> 31, No.1 (March 1949): 38-56.", "page_number": "Mentioned (unpaginated): Fig.8 as \"Rack picture\"", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/3047212"}, {"citation": "Brooklyn Museum, and Alfred V. Frankenstein. <em>John F. Peto: Catalogue of the Exhibition with a Critical Biography by Alfred Frankenstein</em>. Brooklyn, NY: Brooklyn Museum, 1950.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "R[egina].S[oria]. \"John F. Peto's Studio.\" <em>Archives of American Art</em> 4, No.1 (January 1964).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.8", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1557006"}, {"citation": "Stuart P. Feld, email to Victoria Sears Goldman, April 3, 2013, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": "Mentioned:  p.73; Reproduced: p.72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kennedy Galleries. \"Recorders, Deceivers and Dreamers: A sampling of the variety and vitality of American painting.\" <em>The Kennedy Quarterly</em> 5, No.2 (January 1965).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.73; Reproduced: p.72", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Frankenstein, Alfred V. <em>After the Hunt; William Harnett and Other American Still Life Painters, 1870-1900</em>. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.xviii, 108; Reproduced (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"This man's painting looks like collage.\" <em>Sun Press</em>, October 18, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned (unpaginated)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and Detroit Institute of Arts. <em>The Art Quarterly</em> 37, No.1 (Spring 1974). New York, NY: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.100", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, 61, No.2 (February 1974). Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.74; Reproduced: p.53", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Hinson, Tom E. \"Eddy: New Shoes for H.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, No.10 (December 1975).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.296; Reproduced: p.297", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152614"}, {"citation": "Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Detroit Institute of Arts, and Toledo Museum of Art. <em>Heritage and Horizon: American Painting, 1776-1976. </em>Exh. Cat. Toledo, OH: Toledo Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.7, 40:  Reproduced: p.40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 236", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n256"}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John.<em> Important Information Inside: The Art of John F. Peto and the Idea of Still-Life Painting in Nineteenth-Century America</em>. Washington D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.204, 243, 254; Reproduced: p.201", "url": "nga.gov/research/publications/pdf-library/important-information-inside.html"}, {"citation": "Dreiss, Joseph. \"John F. Peto.\" <em>Arts Magazine</em> 57, No.8 (April 1983).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.138", "url": "archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n153/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. <em>American Views: Essays on American Art</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.xvii, 297; Reproduced: p.299", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. Still-Life Paintings in Gallery 222: The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned (unpaginated brochure)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.177", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Capek, Michael. <em>Artistic Trickery: The Tradition of Trompe L'oeil Art</em>. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications Company, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.45", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pelfrey, Robert H. <em>Art and Mass Media</em>. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.275; Reproduced: p.276", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. <em>Compass and Clock: Defining Moments in American Culture: 1800, 1850, 1900</em>. New York, NY: Harry N. Abrams, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.201", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The persistence of geometry: form, content, and culture in the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "no. 50, p. 188, color repr. p. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American about American art?: a gallery tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 87, & p. 102 - 103", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wilmerding, John. \"Images of Lincoln in Peto's Late Paintings.\" <em>Archives of American Art Journal</em> 22, No.2 (1982).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.9; Reproduced: p.10", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/1557400"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.30", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.30/1973.30_web.jpg", "width": "742", "height": "893", "filesize": "332959", "filename": "1973.30_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.30/1973.30_print.jpg", "width": "2824", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4654748", "filename": "1973.30_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.30/1973.30_full.tif", "width": "4153", "height": "5000", "filesize": "62327204", "filename": "1973.30_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.30/1973.30_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "775", "height": "900", "filesize": "223917"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.30/1973.30_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2929", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2191816"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.30/1973.30_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4640", "height": "5387", "filesize": "75015800"}, "date_created": "2010-07-19T19:23:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147520, "creators": [{"id": 3237, "description": "John F. Peto (American, 1854\u20131907)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1854", "death_year": "1907", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1890, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c.1895", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:33:52.379000"}, {"id": 123038, "accession_number": "1943.288", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Curly-Tailed Animal Pendant, 100\u2013800 CE. Panama, Initial style. Gold; overall: 1.8 x 4 x 2.7 cm (11/16 x 1 9/16 x 1 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1943.288", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Curly-Tailed Animal Pendant", "creation_date": "100\u2013800 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 100, "creation_date_latest": 800, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Panama, Initial style"], "technique": "gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 1.8 x 4 x 2.7 cm (11/16 x 1 9/16 x 1 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.018, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.04, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.027, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304729, "title": "The Lost Wax Process", "description": "<i>The Lost Wax Process</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 14, 1965-March 27, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-12-14T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Munich, Germany: Haus der Kunst; October 17-December 12, 1958. exh. cat. no. 636. Zurich, Switzerland: Kunsthaus; January 1-February 28, 1959. exh. cat. no. 668. Paris, France: Galerie Charpentier; March 13- May 15, 1959. exh. cat. no. 456. The Netherlands: The Hague; June 1- July 31, 1959. Berlin, Germany: Academie der Kunst; October 3- November 22, 1959. exh. cat. no. 948.  Circulating exhibition of \"Pre- Columbian Art from Mexico and Central America.\"", "opening_date": "1958-10-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH; The Cleveland Museum of Art; December 14, 1965-March 27, 1966. \"The Lost Wax Process.\"", "opening_date": "1965-12-14T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "A favored Initial-style subject is a charming animal whose curly tail -- its most impressive feature -- may derive from a monkey\u2019s. Its other traits vary considerably, causing it to be identified as everything from a dog to a duck. Initial-style gold ornaments represent Panama\u2019s oldest metalwork. Since metal technologies appeared suddenly and fully developed in Panama, it is likely that they were introduced from the outside, probably from Colombia to the south.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758706"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.288-curly-tailed-animal"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Pre-Columbian Pendants from Panama.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>30, no. 10 (December 1943): 149-152.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 150", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141093"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.288", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "795", "filesize": "559642", "filename": "1943.288_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2139", "filesize": "4783780", "filename": "1943.288_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_full.tif", "width": "3785", "height": "2382", "filesize": "27073480", "filename": "1943.288_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "728", "filesize": "531962"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1961", "filesize": "4413809"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3589", "height": "2071", "filesize": "22324164"}, "date_created": "2010-09-03T14:51:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1199", "height": "893", "filesize": "573203"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2533", "filesize": "5555037"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3423", "height": "2551", "filesize": "26222012"}, "date_created": "2010-09-03T14:58:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "855", "filesize": "593959"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2303", "filesize": "5107877"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3358", "height": "2275", "filesize": "22944060"}, "date_created": "2010-09-03T15:02:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "885", "filesize": "634355"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2382", "filesize": "5484078"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.288/1943.288_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3501", "height": "2453", "filesize": "25789952"}, "date_created": "2010-09-03T15:08:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123038, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "100\u2013800 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:19:58.653000"}, {"id": 123041, "accession_number": "1943.290", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Lobster Pendant, c. 1000\u20131500. Costa Rica, Diqu\u00eds region, 11th-16th century. Cast gold; overall: 8.3 x 5.8 cm (3 1/4 x 2 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, James Albert Ford Memorial Fund, 1943.290", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Lobster Pendant", "creation_date": "c. 1000\u20131500", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1500, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Costa Rica, Diqu\u00eds region, 11th-16th century"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 8.3 x 5.8 cm (3 1/4 x 2 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.083, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.058, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312131, "title": "Art of the Americas", "description": "<i>Art of the Americas</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9, 1945-January 6, 1946).", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; November 9 1945- January 6 1946.  \"Art of the Americas.\" repr. in catalogue, black and white, p. 50.", "opening_date": "1945-11-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23- April 3, 1966.\"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Among the pendants shown here are a crustacean (1943.290), an animal-headed figure (1948.18), and two pendants featuring birds (1951.442 and 1946.223). The latter were dubbed aguilas (eagles) by Christopher Columbus, who saw natives wearing them as necklace ornaments. Modern researchers are not as sure of the species shown, but some believe that they are birds of prey because talons and beaks are prominent and often clutch something, in one example here a small, disembodied head that holds a clapper. In both examples, two tufts in the form of crocodiles in profile flank the birds\u2019 heads.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751519"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.290-lobster-pendant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen. \"Pre-Columbian Pendants from Panama.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>30, no. 10 (December 1943): 149-152.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 146; Mentioned: p. 151", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141093"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.290", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.290/1943.290_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "806", "filesize": "143080", "filename": "1943.290_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.290/1943.290_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3044", "filesize": "1608311", "filename": "1943.290_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.290/1943.290_full.tif", "width": "3686", "height": "3300", "filesize": "36539532", "filename": "1943.290_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.290/1943.290_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "833", "height": "893", "filesize": "371539"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.290/1943.290_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3170", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6372868"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.290/1943.290_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2950", "height": "3164", "filesize": "28046280"}, "date_created": "2011-10-20T15:47:01", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.290/1943.290_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "696", "height": "893", "filesize": "398540"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.290/1943.290_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1972", "filesize": "1975157"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.290/1943.290_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1972", "filesize": "9090316"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "James Albert Ford Memorial Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123041, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1000\u20131500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:19:58.819000"}, {"id": 128821, "accession_number": "1951.442", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Double Bird-Headed Figure Pendant, c. 1000\u20131500. Costa Rica, Diqu\u00eds region, 11th-16th century. Cast and hammered gold; overall: 7.2 x 9.4 cm (2 13/16 x 3 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Thirty-fifth anniversary gift in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Humphreys, Gift of their daughter, Helen, 1951.442", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Double Bird-Headed Figure Pendant", "creation_date": "c. 1000\u20131500", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1500, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Costa Rica, Diqu\u00eds region, 11th-16th century"], "technique": "cast and hammered gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 7.2 x 9.4 cm (2 13/16 x 3 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.072, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.094, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300804, "title": "Treasures of Peruvian Gold", "description": "<i>Treasures of Peruvian Gold</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (February 23-April 3, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 23-April 3, 1966.  \"Treasures of Peruvian Gold.\"", "opening_date": "1966-02-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; June 7-September 8, 1991. \"Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates and Art Museum.\"", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Among the pendants shown here are a crustacean (1943.290), an animal-headed figure (1948.18), and two pendants featuring birds (1951.442 and 1946.223). The latter were dubbed aguilas (eagles) by Christopher Columbus, who saw natives wearing them as necklace ornaments. Modern researchers are not as sure of the species shown, but some believe that they are birds of prey because talons and beaks are prominent and often clutch something, in one example here a small, disembodied head that holds a clapper. In both examples, two tufts in the form of crocodiles in profile flank the birds\u2019 heads.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740622"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.442-double-bird-headed-f"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Correspondence from Samuel Lothrop to William Milliken, 18 December 1951, Box 26, Folder 9, William Mathewson Milliken Records, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.442", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.442/1951.442_web.jpg", "width": "1093", "height": "893", "filesize": "495630", "filename": "1951.442_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.442/1951.442_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2779", "filesize": "1737001", "filename": "1951.442_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.442/1951.442_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": "", "filename": "1951.442_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.442/1951.442_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1033", "height": "893", "filesize": "483674"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.442/1951.442_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2939", "filesize": "6036475"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.442/1951.442_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3540", "height": "3061", "filesize": "32551400"}, "date_created": "2011-10-24T19:15:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.442/1951.442_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1118", "height": "893", "filesize": "647408"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.442/1951.442_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1923", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1885334"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.442/1951.442_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1923", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8864436"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Thirty-fifth anniversary gift in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Humphreys, Gift of their daughter, Helen", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128821, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-11-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1000\u20131500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Double Bird-Man Pendant with Monkey Heads"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:39:07.276000"}, {"id": 141926, "accession_number": "1965.466", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bird Pendant, 900\u20131550. Colombia, Tairona. Cast gold; overall: 8.1 x 6.3 x 3.6 cm (3 3/16 x 2 1/2 x 1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, In memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Humphreys, gift of their daughter Helen, 1965.466", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Bird Pendant", "creation_date": "900\u20131550", "creation_date_earliest": 900, "creation_date_latest": 1550, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Colombia, Tairona"], "technique": "cast gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Intermediate Region", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 8.1 x 6.3 x 3.6 cm (3 3/16 x 2 1/2 x 1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.081, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.063, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.036, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 219999, "title": "Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]", "description": "<i>Sacred Symbols:  Three Thousand Years of Native American Art [FRAME]</i>. Mus\u00e9e Fabre, Montpellier, France (July 16-September 29, 2002); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rouen, Rouen, France (October 24, 2002-January 13, 2003); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, 69001 Lyon, France (February 19-April 29, 2003); Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Rennes, Rennes, France (May 27-August 18, 2003); Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (October 26, 2003-January 11, 2004).", "opening_date": "2002-07-16T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; September 10- October 16, 1966. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\"  Cat., no. 52, repr. p. 276.", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montpellier, France: Musee Fabre: July 16- September 29, 2002. Rouen, France: Musee des Beaux Arts; October 24, 2002- January 13, 2003. Lyon, France: Musee des Beaux Arts; February 19- April 28, 2003.  Rennes, France:  Musee des Beaux Arts; May 27- August 18, 2003. Minneapolis, MN: Minneapolis Institute of Arts; October 26, 2003- January 11, 2004. FRAME exhibition- \"Sacred Symbols: Three Thousand Years of Native American Art.\"", "opening_date": "2002-07-16T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Tairona-style pendants are among the most spectacular of all ancient American gold ornaments, in part because of the detail achieved with lost-wax casting. The traits of the figure pendant include a lower lip ornament and a headdress in which two bats hang upside down. Although called <em>caciques</em> (chieftains), that is, ruler portraits, the meaning of such figures is not well understood. Bird imagery was important in the isthmian region in ancient times and remains so today. For instance, among the modern Bribri of Costa Rica, the principal creator deity (Sibo) takes the form of a buzzard or kite who wears a collar. Collars are standard features of ancient bird pendants, like the one shown here.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779081"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.466-bird-pendant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Stechow, Wolfgang. \"Cleveland's Golden Anniversary Acquisitions.\" <em>Artnews</em> 65, no. 5 (September 1966): 30-64.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 34; Mentioned p. 64", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.466", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.466/1965.466_web.jpg", "width": "975", "height": "893", "filesize": "415558", "filename": "1965.466_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.466/1965.466_print.jpg", "width": "3097", "height": "2837", "filesize": "2006198", "filename": "1965.466_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.466/1965.466_full.tif", "width": "3097", "height": "2837", "filesize": "26390812", "filename": "1965.466_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.466/1965.466_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "910", "height": "893", "filesize": "519977"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.466/1965.466_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3338", "filesize": "6735470"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.466/1965.466_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2820", "height": "2769", "filesize": "23456628"}, "date_created": "2011-11-04T18:55:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.466/1965.466_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "727", "height": "893", "filesize": "397207"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.466/1965.466_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1886", "filesize": "1889024"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.466/1965.466_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1886", "filesize": "8693892"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "In memory of Mr. and Mrs. Henry Humphreys, gift of their daughter Helen", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 141926, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1965-11-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "900\u20131550", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:08.206000"}, {"id": 130388, "accession_number": "1953.152", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Leaf from a Cocharelli Treatise on the Vices: Acedia and Her Court, c. 1330. Italy, Genoa. Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; sheet: 16.3 x 10.3 cm (6 7/16 x 4 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1953.152", "current_location": null, "title": "Leaf from a Cocharelli Treatise on the Vices: Acedia and Her Court", "creation_date": "c. 1330", "creation_date_earliest": 1325, "creation_date_latest": 1335, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Genoa"], "technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on vellum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Manuscript Illuminations", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Sheet: 16.3 x 10.3 cm (6 7/16 x 4 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.163, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.103, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 702959, "title": "Late Medieval Art", "description": "<i>Late Medieval Art</i>. Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 31-November 26, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-10-31T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361650, "title": "The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400", "description": "<i>The International Style: The Arts in Europe around 1400</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 23-December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515843, "title": "An Exhibition of Italian Panels & Manuscripts from the Thirteenth & Fourteenth Centuries In Honor of Richard Offner", "description": "<i>An Exhibition of Italian Panels & Manuscripts from the Thirteenth & Fourteenth Centuries In Honor of Richard Offner</i>. Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, CT (organizer) (April 9-June 6, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309851, "title": "Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 22-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-01-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 179437, "title": "Illuminated Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Illuminated Manuscripts</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 10, 2004-October 2, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-10-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Aspects of Late Medieval Art, Gallery of Fine Arts, </em>Columbus, OH (October 31 - November 22, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-10-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The International Style,</em> The Walters Art Gallery, Baltimore, MD (October 23-December 2, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>An Exhibition of Italian Panels and Manuscripts from the 13th and 14th centuries in Honor of Richard Offner</em>, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, CT (April 9-June 6, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-04-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Edwin and Caroline Czeczkowiczka, Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1930", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sale: Hermann Ball & Paul Graupe, Berlin, Germany, 12 May 1930, lot. no. 3)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "May 12, 1930", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Heinrich Eisemann (1890-1972), London, England, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1953", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1953-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This miniature is noteworthy for its depiction of richly adorned textiles and jeweled headdresses imitative of the Islamic world.", "description": "This leaf comes from a treatise written before 1324 by a member of the Genoese Cocharelli family as a moral lesson for the following generation. The family\u2019s dedication to education is seen in the use of Latin and the theme of the seven capital vices. We see Queen Accidia (or Sloth) lying in bed, bored despite all the distractions around her. The depiction of the precious fabrics shows an intimate knowledge of textiles from the Islamic world and is a testament to the flourishing trade contacts of Genoa.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79912140"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.152-leaf-from-a-cocharel"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Thieme, Ulrich, Felix Becker, Fred. C. Willis, and Hans Vollmer. <em>Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Ku\u0308nstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart</em>. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1907.", "page_number": "Vol. VIII, p. 234", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herbert, J. A. <em>Illuminated Manuscripts</em>. London: Methuen and Co, 1911.", "page_number": "pp. 263\u2013264", "url": null}, {"citation": "Me\u0301ly, F. de. <em>Les Miniaturistes</em>. 1913.", "page_number": "p. 185", "url": null}, {"citation": "British Museum, J. A. Herbert, Eric George Millar, and D. H. Turner. <em>Reproductions from Illuminated Manuscripts</em>. London: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1923.", "page_number": "Series IV, p. 30-1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hermann Ball &amp; Paul Graupe (Berlin, Germany). <em>Wiener Sammlung, zweiter Teil. </em>1930.", "page_number": "lot no. 3, p. 4, plate II", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 160", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n40"}, {"citation": "Columbus Gallery of Fine Arts. <em>Aspects of Late Mediaeval Art</em>; The Mediaeval Conference, the Ohio State University. 1958.", "page_number": "No. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The International Style: The Arts in Europe Around 1400; [Exhibition]: October 23-December 2, 1962</em>. Baltimore, MD: Walters Art Gallery, 1962.", "page_number": "pp. 74\u201375, no. 72, pl. LXIV", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Gothic Art 1360-1440.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 7 (1963): 174\u2013215.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 60, p. 209; Reproduced: no. 60, p. 183", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151960"}, {"citation": "Wadsworth Atheneum.<em> An Exhibition of Italian Panels &amp; Manuscripts from the Thirteenth &amp; Fourteenth Centuries, in Honor of Richard Offner: April 9 to June 6, 1965, Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford</em>. Hartford, CT: Wadsworth Atheneum, 1965.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 111", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n84"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n84"}, {"citation": "Hutchinson, Evelyn G. \"Aposematic Insects nad the Master of the Brussels Initials,\" <em>American Scientist</em> Vol. 62, No. 2 (March-April 1974).", "page_number": "pp. 161\u2013171", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 69", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n89"}, {"citation": "Martin Nagy, Rebecca. <em>Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages. </em>Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 32, 43, 59, cat. no. 20; fig. 27; color plate IV", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fabbri, Francesca. \"Vizi e Virtu in due Codici Realizzati a Genova nel Trecento Fra Seduzioni d'Oriente e Apporti Toscani.\" <em>Rivista di Storia Della Miniatura</em> 17 (2013).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 95\u2013106; Reproduced: p. 100, fig. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "BRIMO DE LAROUSSILHE. <em>A Dominican Polyptych by the Master of the Piani D'Invrea Cross</em>. Paris: BRIMO DE LAROUSSILHE, 2013.", "page_number": "p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Faunce, Roza. <em>The Cocharelli Codex: Illuminating Virtue: a Fourteenth-Century Father's Counsel to His Son</em>. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Melbourne, School of Culture and Communication, 2016.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Nicolini, Simonetta, \"Una Notizia bibliografica per I Frammenti Cocharelli,\" <em>Intrecci d'arte </em>n. 5-2016.", "page_number": "pp. 9\u201323", "url": "https://web.p.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=3&sid=1270b985-b81d-4eff-9fc8-43b4a7d71a8e%40redis"}, {"citation": "Gertsman, Elina and Barbara H. Rosenwein. <em>The Middle Ages in 50 Objects</em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 80\u201383; Reproduced: p. 81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Figdor, Albert, and Max J. Friedla\u0308nder. <em>Eine Wiener Sammlung.</em> Zweiter Teil, Zweiter Teil. Berlin: Bell-Graupe, 1930.", "page_number": "p. 4, pl. 2, cat. no. 2", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.152", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.152/1953.152_web.jpg", "width": "557", "height": "893", "filesize": "547075", "filename": "1953.152_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.152/1953.152_print.jpg", "width": "2120", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6709430", "filename": "1953.152_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.152/1953.152_full.tif", "width": "3118", "height": "5000", "filesize": "46804996", "filename": "1953.152_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.152/1953.152_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "552", "height": "893", "filesize": "536141"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.152/1953.152_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2101", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6870778"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.152/1953.152_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2886", "height": "4670", "filesize": "40468440"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130388, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-04-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1325, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1330", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:44:25.916000"}, {"id": 117768, "accession_number": "1938.388.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Flying Angel (recto), 1723\u201327. Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754). Black chalk heightened with traces of white chalk ; sheet: 56.3 x 42.6 cm (22 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.388.a", "current_location": null, "title": "A Flying Angel (recto)", "creation_date": "1723\u201327", "creation_date_earliest": 1723, "creation_date_latest": 1727, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "black chalk heightened with traces of white chalk ", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper (discolored)", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 56.3 x 42.6 cm (22 3/16 x 16 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.563, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.426, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356657, "title": "Life in Eighteenth Century Venice", "description": "<i>Life in Eighteenth Century Venice</i>. Fogg Art Museum/Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (organizer) (April 20-June 15, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361625, "title": "Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy", "description": "<i>Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy</i>. Allen Memorial Art Museum, Oberlin, OH (organizer) (January 1-31, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301678, "title": "Italian and French Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian and French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 13, 1959-February 2, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-10-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304545, "title": "18th Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>18th Century Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 6-November 22, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-10-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 356669, "title": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition", "description": "<i>Giovanni Battista Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (November 20, 1983-February 26, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 356672, "title": "The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century", "description": "<i>The Glory of Venice: Art in the 18th Century</i>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (September 15-December 14, 1994); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (January 29-April 23, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Italico Brass [1870-1943], Venice, sold to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nov. 1938.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1938", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Venetian blue paper (<em>carta azzurra</em>) of this sheet was the preferred medium for preparatory drawings among artists in Venice at the time this drawing was made.", "description": "This drawing was completed in preparation for the most prestigious religious commission of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta\u2019s career, the ceiling painting of the <em>Glory of St. Dominic</em> for the church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo in Venice. Both the finished painting, which depicts St. Dominic\u2019s arrival in heaven amid a thundery vortex, and Piazzetta\u2019s study for the angel, who carries St. Dominic on a cloud, depart from Venetian tradition. To execute this airborne subject, he likely drew from wax or clay models suspended in midair in order to study the illusionistic <em>di sotto in su </em>(from below to above) perspective and the play of light found on the angel\u2019s shadowed form. He worked out the angel\u2019s twisting pose, imbuing it with a lively sense of movement, and accentuated the drapery\u2019s folds with heavy lines as though considering their visibility from afar. There are only slight changes in the angel\u2019s pose between this drawing and the completed painting. As few of Piazzetta\u2019s preparatory studies for paintings exist, Cleveland\u2019s sheet offers rare insight to the artist\u2019s working methods.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80012478"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.388.a-a-flying-angel-recto"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cCleveland: A Museum\u2019s New Acquisitions.\u201d <em>The Art News </em>38, no. 40 (1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Millikan, William M. \u201cTwo Drawings by Piazzetta.\u201d <em>Burlington Magazine </em>76, no. 444 (1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 88-89, pl. C", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Two Drawings by Piazzetta.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 27, no. 7 (1940): 108-109.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fogg Museum of Art. <em>Venice in the Eighteenth Century (May 7- June 10, 1948).</em> Cambridge: Harvard University, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "\u201cExhibition of Master Drawings of the Eighteenth Century in France and Italy.\u201d <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin</em> 8, no. 2 (1951).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 54, no. 12.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M.<em> Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 56; Reproduced: p. 54, fig. 63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jones, Leslie. \u201cThe Paintings of Giovanni Battista Piazzetta.\u201d Doctoral diss., New York University, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, fig. 35", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pallucchini, Rodolfo and Adriano Mariuz.<em> L\u2019opera completa del Piazzetta</em>. Milan: Rizzoli Editore, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 84 no. 37a, p. 85", "url": null}, {"citation": "Knox, George. <em>Piazzetta: A Tercentenary Exhibition of Drawings, Prints, and Books.</em> 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, cat. no. 15; Reproduced: p. 69", "url": null}, {"citation": "Puglisi, Catherine R. \u201cPiazzetta\u2019s Glory of Saint Dominic.\u201d <em>Arte Veneta: Rivista di Storia dell\u2019Arte</em> 41 (1987).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 210, p. 15 n. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Martineau, Jane, and Andrew Robison. <em>The Glory of Venice: Art in the Eighteenth Century</em>. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 166, 480, no. 87.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Scir\u00e9, Giovanna Nepi, et al. <em>Splendori del Settecento Veneziano</em>. Milan: Electa, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 199, no. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Aikema, Bernard. <em>Tiepolo and His Circle: Drawings in American Collections</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Art Museums, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 88; Reproduced: p. 91, fig. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 4, 60-61, 86; Reproduced: P. 61, cat. no. 20", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.388.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "234507", "filename": "1938.388.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_print.jpg", "width": "2603", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3962538", "filename": "1938.388.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_full.tif", "width": "9523", "height": "12439", "filesize": "355400034", "filename": "1938.388.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "689", "height": "900", "filesize": "287272"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2603", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4759243"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9523", "height": "12439", "filesize": "355400914"}, "date_created": "2025-01-22T14:46:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "680", "height": "893", "filesize": "451373"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "2016", "filesize": "2541051"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.388.a/1938.388.a_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "2016", "filesize": "9293140"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117768, "creators": [{"id": 1198, "description": "Giovanni Battista Piazzetta (Italian, 1682\u20131754)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1754", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1723, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1723\u201327", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1938.388", "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Angel"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:06:01.702000"}, {"id": 131790, "accession_number": "1954.366", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Conversion of Saul with Horseman and Banner, c. 1645\u201347. Jacob Jordaens (Flemish, 1593\u20131678). Black and red chalk, pen and black and gray ink, brush and brown wash, watercolor, and gouache, heightened with white gouache; framing lines in red chalk and graphite (right edge); sheet: 32.9 x 19.9 cm (12 15/16 x 7 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds, 1954.366", "current_location": null, "title": "The Conversion of Saul with Horseman and Banner", "creation_date": "c. 1645\u201347", "creation_date_earliest": 1640, "creation_date_latest": 1651, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Flanders"], "technique": "Black and red chalk, pen and black and gray ink, brush and brown wash, watercolor, and gouache, heightened with white gouache; framing lines in red chalk and graphite (right edge)", "support_materials": [{"description": "two sheets (joined) of beige(1) laid paper, laid down on cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Flemish", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 32.9 x 19.9 cm (12 15/16 x 7 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.329, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.199, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "lower right, in brown ink: Jordaens", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "<i>European Watercolors Through the 18th Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350931, "title": "Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands", "description": "<i>Drawings: France, Italy, Netherlands</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 1-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-01-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361416, "title": "Drawings by Jacob Jordaens (1593-1678)", "description": "<i>Drawings by Jacob Jordaens (1593-1678)</i>. Rubenshuis, Antwerp, Belgium (October 8-December 4, 1966); Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, Netherlands (December 17, 1966-February 5, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-10-08T04:00:00"}, {"id": 351065, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 9, 1967-January 1, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-06-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361406, "title": "Old Master Drawings from American Collections", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings from American Collections</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (April 29-June 13, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-04-29T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309575, "title": "Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics", "description": "<i>Seventeenth Century Netherlandish Graphics</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 27-August 1, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-04-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311561, "title": "Flemish Drawings in the Age of Rubens: Selected Works from American Collections", "description": "<i>Flemish Drawings in the Age of Rubens: Selected Works from American Collections</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 4-February 20, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-01-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Duke Albert of Sachsen-Teschen (according to cma files). Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna (Lugt 1259-60, not stamped, according to cma files). Otto Burchard (according to cma files). [Heinrich Eisemann, London].", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In order to create the arch at the top of this sheet, which is almost a foot high, the artist added an additional sheet of paper.", "description": "Jacob Jordaens was a prominent artist working in Antwerp in the 17th century. Though influenced in his use of powerful forms and vibrant color by his contemporary, Peter Paul Rubens, Jordaens was notably more realist in his tendencies. This drawing and its companion drawing in the Cleveland Museum of Art's collection (1954.367) are studies for a painting depicting the Conversion of St. Paul that Jordaens made for the the abbey church at Tongerlo, near Antwerp, in around 1647 (now lost). According to the Bible, in the year following the death of Jesus Christ, Saul of Tarsus (who became Saint Paul) was on the road to Damascus. He was suddenly surrounded by a brilliant light from above, heard the voice of Christ, and became a believer. In this work, Jordaens illustrated the climactic moment when Saul is thrown to the ground by the force of Christ's voice and blinding light. Jordaens used a combination of chalks and wet media such as ink and watercolor to create a swirling mass of bodies bathed in light.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80023381"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.366-the-conversion-of-sa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hulst, Roger Adolf d'. De tekeningen van Jakob Jordaens: bijdrage tot de geschiedenis van de XVIIe-eeuwse kunst in de zuidelijke Nederlanden. Brussel: AWlsk, Paleis der academie\u0308n, 1956.", "page_number": "p. 249, p. 251, fig. 166, pp. 373-74, no. 128,", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"The Conversion of St. Paul by Jacob Jordaens Two Drawings in Washes and Chalks.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 44, no. 2 (1957): 19-22.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142183."}, {"citation": "Roberts-Jones, Philippe, and Leo Van Puyvelde. Le sie\u0300cle de Rubens: [exposition], Muse\u0301es royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique, Bruxelles, 15 octobre-12 de\u0301cembre 1965. 1965.", "page_number": "under no. 332", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n144"}, {"citation": "Jaff\u00e9, Michael. \"Jordaens Drawings at Antwerp and Rotterdam.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 108, no. 765 (1966): 625-30.", "page_number": "p. 626", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/875111."}, {"citation": "Hulst, Roger Adolf d'. Tekeningen van Jacob Jordaens. 1593-1678. [Tentoonstelling]. Rubenshuis, Antwerpen, 8 oct.-4 dec. 1966; Museum Boymansvan Beuningen, Rotterdam, 17 dec. 1966-5 feb. 1967. [Antwerpen]: [Rubenshuis], 1966.", "page_number": "No. 92, pp. 104-105", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 120", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n144"}, {"citation": "Hulst, Roger Adolf d'. Jordaens Drawings. Brussels: Arcade, 1974.", "page_number": "no. A238, p. 315-16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Feinblatt, Ebria. Old Master Drawings from American Collections: Exhibition, April 29-June 13, 1976, Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "no. 217, p. 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n175"}, {"citation": "Logan, Anne-Marie S. <em>Flemish Drawings in the Age of Rubens: Selected Works from American Collections</em>. Wellesley, Mass: Davis Museum and Cultural Center, Wellesley College, 1993.", "page_number": "No. 31, pp. 170-71", "url": null}, {"citation": "Devisscher, Hans, Nora de Poorter, Roger Adolf d' Hulst, and M. Vandenven.<em> Jacob Jordaens, 1593-1678. </em>Antwerp, Koninklijk Museum Voor Schone Kunsten, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 104-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 176-178; p. 294; Reproduced: p. 178", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Selected Works: Cleveland Museum of Art. 1967.", "page_number": "p. 164", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.366", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.366/1954.366_web.jpg", "width": "549", "height": "893", "filesize": "429794", "filename": "1954.366_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.366/1954.366_print.jpg", "width": "2089", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5935859", "filename": "1954.366_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.366/1954.366_full.tif", "width": "3930", "height": "6394", "filesize": "75416656", "filename": "1954.366_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Delia E. Holden and L. E. Holden Funds", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131790, "creators": [{"id": 2824, "description": "Jacob Jordaens (Flemish, 1593\u20131678)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1593", "death_year": "1678", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-06-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1640, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1645\u201347", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Conversion of Saint Paul", "The Conversion of St. Paul with Horseman and Banner"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:47:30.622000"}, {"id": 135430, "accession_number": "1958.427", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dragon; Tiger (\u9f8d\u864e\u5716), c. 1250\u201379. Fachang Muqi (Chinese, 1220\u20131280). Pair of hanging scrolls; ink on silk; painting: 125.2 x 57.2 cm (49 5/16 x 22 1/2 in.); overall: 226.8 x 71.8 cm (89 5/16 x 28 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1958.427", "current_location": null, "title": "Dragon; Tiger", "title_in_original_language": "\u9f8d\u864e\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1250\u201379", "creation_date_earliest": 1250, "creation_date_latest": 1275, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)"], "technique": "Pair of hanging scrolls; ink on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Painting: 125.2 x 57.2 cm (49 5/16 x 22 1/2 in.); Overall: 226.8 x 71.8 cm (89 5/16 x 28 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 2.268, "height_inch": 89, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.718, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "painting": {"height": 1.252, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.572, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.268, "height_inch": 89, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.78, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u9053\u6709", "inscription_translation": "D\u014dy\u016b", "inscription_remark": "Seal of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu \u8db3\u5229\u7fa9\u6eff (1358\u20131408)", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "\u96dc\u83ef\u5ba4\u5370", "inscription_translation": "Zakka shitsu yin", "inscription_remark": "Seal of either Ashikaga Yoshinori \u8db3\u5229\u7fa9\u6559 (1394\u20131441) or Ashikawa Yoshimasa \u8db3\u5229\u7fa9\u653f (1436\u20131490)", "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 377849, "title": "1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei", "description": "<i>1000 Jahre Chinesische Malerei</i>. Haus der Kunst, Munich, M\u00f9nich, Germany (organizer) (October 16-December 13, 1959).", "opening_date": "1959-10-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519277, "title": "Chinese Art", "description": "<i>Chinese Art</i>. Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, MA (organizer) (January 8-26, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519359, "title": "The Art of Southern Sung China", "description": "<i>The Art of Southern Sung China</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (February 15-April 15, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310291, "title": "Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia", "description": "<i>Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 24-November 25, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-07-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 176956, "title": "Roaring Tigers and Leaping Carp: Decoding the Symbolic Language of Chinese Animal Painting", "description": "<i>Roaring Tigers and Leaping Carp: Decoding the Symbolic Language of Chinese Animal Painting</i>. The Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (October 9, 2009-January 3, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 539332, "title": "Six Dynasties of Chinese Painting (Chinese art rotation)", "description": "<i>Six Dynasties of Chinese Painting (Chinese art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2023-May 5, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-11-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 671919, "title": "Six Dynasties of Chinese Painting Part 2", "description": "<i>Six Dynasties of Chinese Painting Part 2</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-September 1, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese Paintings</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 19-August 7, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-07-19T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Japanese Decorative Style</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (August 30-October 15, 1961)", "opening_date": "1961-08-30T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-July 16, 2003).", "opening_date": "2003-03-12T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ashikaga Yoshimitsu \u8db3\u5229\u7fa9\u6eff [1358\u20131408]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ashikaga Yoshinori \u8db3\u5229\u7fa9\u6559 [1394\u20131441] or \u8db3\u5229\u7fa9\u653f [1436\u20131490] (Zakka shitsu yin \u96dc\u83ef\u5ba4\u5370)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Tokugawa Iemitsu \u5fb7\u5ddd\u5bb6\u5149 [1604\u20131651]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Viscount Sakai \u5b50\u7235 \u9152\u4e95\u6c0f [late 1800s\u2013early 1900s]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Howard Hollis and Company, Cleveland, OH, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131958", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1958\u2013", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Fachang Muqi's ink paintings on Chan (or Zen in Japanese) themes were very popular in Japan.", "description": "The dragon and tiger are tied to the philosophical concept of yin and yang, which describes opposite but complementary forces. The dragon occupies a tiered background of waves and mist. Its luminous head emerges from the darker passages, and its narrow twisting body is serpent-like. By contrast, the close-up view of the tiger emphasizes its bulk. The tiger bends its head to lick its paw while its tail curls in the foreground. <br><br>In their original Chan Buddhist context, this pair of scrolls likely flanked a central image, like the Bodhisattva Guanyin. The silk has darkened over the centuries, and the slight reddish shading in the tiger\u2019s tongue and nose has faded.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465136"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.427-dragon-tiger"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisition Press Release,\u201d June 5, 1959, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0398/"}, {"citation": "Goepper, Roger. <em>1000 Jahre chinesische Malerei</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Haus der Kunst, 1959.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 24b", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Chinese Art: An Exhibition of Paintings, Jades, Bronzes and Ceramics: Being a Contribution Made by Smith College Museum of Art to the College Interim Session, 1962</em>. Northampton, Massachusetts: The Smith College Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 3b, pl. V", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Japanese Decorative Style</em>. Tokyo: Makoto Nakao, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 6, 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. <em>The Art of Southern Sung China</em>. New York: Asia House, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 27 and 28, pp. 62 and fold-out", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n284"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 260", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n284"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cZen in Art: Art in Zen.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 59, no. 9 (November 1972): 239\u2013259.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 241\u2013242, figs. 2, 3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152451"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman Emery, and James Robinson. <em>The Colors of Ink: Chinese Paintings and Related Ceramics from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. New York: Asia Society; distributed by New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "cat. no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 343", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n363"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 63, p. 82", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wilson, J. Keith. \"Powerful Form and Potent Symbol: The Dragon in Asia.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 8 (1990): 286-323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 303, 320", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161297"}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 90\u201393", "url": null}, {"citation": "Itakura, Masaaki. \u201cJiangnan\u2019s Beauty: Song and Yuan Paintings Prized in Medieval and Early Modern Japan.\u201d In <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta, </em>edited by Clarissa Von Spee, 64\u201371. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 65\u201366, fig. 33", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.427", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_web.jpg", "width": "610", "height": "900", "filesize": "245253", "filename": "1958.427_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_print.jpg", "width": "2305", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3226036", "filename": "1958.427_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_full.tif", "width": "21280", "height": "31383", "filesize": "2003525340", "filename": "1958.427_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "871", "height": "900", "filesize": "285204"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3289", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3666975"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7675", "height": "7935", "filesize": "182731308"}, "date_created": "2013-10-23T15:19:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "875", "height": "900", "filesize": "286974"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3304", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3650830"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_alt1_full.tif", "width": "7710", "height": "7935", "filesize": "183564564"}, "date_created": "2013-10-23T15:19:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "414", "height": "900", "filesize": "87861"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1565", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1029464"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.427/1958.427_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2301", "height": "5000", "filesize": "34537164"}, "date_created": "2006-05-26T17:19:34", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135430, "creators": [{"id": 29198, "description": "Fachang Muqi (Chinese, 1220\u20131280)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "active mid-13th century", "name_in_original_language": "\u6cd5\u5e38 \u7267\u8c3f", "birth_year": "1220", "death_year": "1280", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1250, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1250\u201379", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:55:11.525000"}, {"id": 133799, "accession_number": "1956.40", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Lady with Three Suitors, c. 1500. France, 16th century. Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, with traces of black chalk; sheet: 23 x 19.3 cm (9 1/16 x 7 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1956.40", "current_location": null, "title": "A Lady with Three Suitors", "creation_date": "c. 1500", "creation_date_earliest": 1495, "creation_date_latest": 1505, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["France, 16th century"], "technique": "pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash, with traces of black chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": ["Wheel, similar to Briquet, 1923, no. 13389"]}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 23 x 19.3 cm (9 1/16 x 7 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.23, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.193, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "upper center, in brown ink: Celuy mamour conquestera / qui deca ce la\u00df passera / San\u00df lempirer ne desnouer / san\u00df dessu\u00df ne dessoubz passez", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350269, "title": "Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection", "description": "<i>Prints and Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 6-September 9, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-05-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361427, "title": "The Waning Middle Ages", "description": "<i>The Waning Middle Ages</i>. Spencer Museum of Art, Lawrence, KS (organizer) (November 1-December 1, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361428, "title": "Images of Love and Death in Late Medieval and Renaissance Art", "description": "<i>Images of Love and Death in Late Medieval and Renaissance Art</i>. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (organizer) (October 23-January 22, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-10-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309584, "title": "Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Northern European Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1982-January 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 437915, "title": "Love Gardens / Forbidden Fruit", "description": "<i>Love Gardens / Forbidden Fruit</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 2-October 29, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-07-02T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Antonio Badile II [1424-1507], Verona", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to Byam Shaw 1983, 214 n. 1.</div>"], "date": "?-probably by 1507", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Ludovico Moscardo, Verona", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->The Moscardo provenance given here was proposed by Evelyn Karet in \"Stefano da Verona, Felice Feliciano, and the First Renaissance Collection of Drawings,\" Arte Lombarda 124 (1998), 31-52. The traditional provenance of drawings from the Moscardo collection includes the Marquis of Calzolari as one of the former owners (first proposed by Frits Lugt, Lugt supplement 1171b), but according to Coner Fahy (Printing a Book at Verona: The Account Book of Francesco Calzolari Junior [Paris, 1993]), that is incorrect.</div>"], "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Teresa Moscardo [1747-?], Verona, by descent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Count Mario Miniscalchi-Erizzo [1881-1957], Verona, by descent", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-around 1905", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "with Francis Matthiesen, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "around 1954-1956", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1956-", "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The simple background and lack of landscape detail in this drawing suggest that the image may have been a model for a tapestry or other textile.", "description": "This mysterious drawing shows an encounter between elegantly dressed members of the noble class. The French inscription above the image suggests that the woman is addressing her suitors and makes it clear that they are concerned with the pursuit of love: He who will conquer my love / This [barrier] must overcome / Neither destroying it nor loosening it / Going neither below it nor above. The style of the clothing reflects French court fashions during the reign of Charles VIII (1483\u201398), and the subject relates to the tradition of late medieval collections of love riddles that involved verbal exchanges between courtly ladies and gentlemen.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80026280"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1956.40-a-lady-with-three-su"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 578", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n108"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1958.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em> 21, no. 3 (Autumn 1958).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 336", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n99"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 314, no. VII 11; Reproduced: p. 315", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n341"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n99"}, {"citation": "Huizinga, Johan. <em>The Waning Middle Ages</em>. Exh. Cat. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 43-44, no. 38; Reproduced: plate LXVIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Levin, William R. <em>Images of Love and Death in Late Medieval and Renaissance Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 97, no. 58; Reproduced: plate IX", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n104"}, {"citation": "Byam Shaw, James. <em>The Italian Drawings of the Frits Lugt Collection</em>. Paris: Fondation Custodia, 1983.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, p. 214 n. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Muylle, Jan. \"<em>Big Fishes Eat Little Fishes</em> by Pieter Bruegel after Hieronymus Bosch (?): A Question of Interpretation.\" In <em>Le dessin sous-jacent dans la peinture</em>. Edited by Roger van Schoute and Dominique Hollanders-Favart. Louvain: Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 131; Reproduced: plate 48", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tortora, Phyllis G. and Keith Eubank. <em>Survey of Historic Costume: A History of Western Dress. </em>2nd edition. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 156", "url": null}, {"citation": "Backhouse, Janet and Yves Giraud. <em>Pierre Sala: Petit livre d'amour</em>. Lucerne: Faksimile Verlag, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 138-139", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Drawings on Exhibition.\" <em>Drawing</em> 16, no. 6 (March - April 1995): 131-133.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 131", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dunbar, Burton L. and Edward J. Olszewski, eds. <em>Drawings in Midwestern Collections: Volume I, Early Works</em>. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 117-119, no. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 90-91, p. 287, no. 32; Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Karet, Evelyn and Peter Windows. \"The <em>Antonio II Badile Album </em>of Drawings: A Reconstruction of an Early Sixteenth Century Collection.\" <em>Arte Lombarda</em> 145, no. 3 (2005): 23-56.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 26, pp. 37-38, no. 12v [47]; Reproduced: p. 37, no. 29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Karet, Evelyn. <em>The Antonio II Badile Album of Drawings: The Origins of Collecting Drawings in Early Modern Northern Italy.</em> Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2014.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 95; mentioned: p. 96, fig. 3.31", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1956.40", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.40/1956.40_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "893", "filesize": "510866", "filename": "1956.40_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.40/1956.40_print.jpg", "width": "2857", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7532493", "filename": "1956.40_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.40/1956.40_full.tif", "width": "4855", "height": "5777", "filesize": "84171552", "filename": "1956.40_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.40/1956.40_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "743", "height": "893", "filesize": "560461"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.40/1956.40_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1278", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1691988"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1956.40/1956.40_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1278", "height": "1536", "filesize": "5891252"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 133799, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1956-01-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1495, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:51:55.376000"}, {"id": 153604, "accession_number": "1987.137", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "It Was Yellow and Pink II, 1959. Georgia O'Keeffe (American, 1887\u20131986). Oil on canvas; unframed: 91.5 x 76.2 cm (36 x 30 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Georgia O'Keeffe, 1987.137. \u00a9  Georgia O'Keeffe Museum / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "current_location": null, "title": "It Was Yellow and Pink II", "creation_date": "1959", "creation_date_earliest": 1959, "creation_date_latest": 1959, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 91.5 x 76.2 cm (36 x 30 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.915, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9  Georgia O'Keeffe Museum / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Stretcher:  \"Fall 58\" (cardboard stretcher brace, graphite)\r\nBacking:  \"It Was Yellow and Pink II / 1960 [crossed out] 1959 (crossing out and '1959 by DB, OKR, black ink) / Oil / 36 x 30 / canvas\" (OKR, black ink)", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310024, "title": "The Georgia O'Keeffe Gift", "description": "<i>The Georgia O'Keeffe Gift</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 4-November 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 218979, "title": "O'Keeffe and Texas", "description": "<i>O'Keeffe and Texas</i>. Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum, San Antonio, TX (January 27-April 5, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-01-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 213897, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: The Poetry of Things", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: The Poetry of Things</i>. The Phillips Collection (organizer) (April 24-July 18, 1999); Georgia O'Keeffe Museum (August 14-October 10, 1999); The Dallas Museum of Art (October 30, 1999-January 30, 2000); Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor (February 19-May 14, 2000).", "opening_date": "1999-04-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 227553, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe</i>. Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Zurich, Switzerland (organizer) (October 23, 2003-February 1, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"id": 228330, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe and the Sublime Landscape", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe and the Sublime Landscape</i>. University of Michigan Museum of Art, Ann Arbor, MI (July 10-October 3, 2004); Fresno Metropolitan Museum, CA (October 20, 2004-January 3, 2005).", "opening_date": "2004-07-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 226296, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe exhibition", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe exhibition</i>. Mus\u00e9e de Grenoble, Grenoble, France (organizer) (November 7, 2015-February 7, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-11-07T00:00:00"}, {"id": 375940, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: The Painter's Lens", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: The Painter's Lens</i>. Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid, Spain (organizer) (April 20-August 8, 2021); Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou, Paris cedex O4, France (September 8-December 6, 2021); Fondation Beyeler, CH-4125 Riehen/Basel, Switzerland (January 23-May 22, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-04-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 449502, "title": "Georgia O'Keeffe: To See Takes Time", "description": "<i>Georgia O'Keeffe: To See Takes Time</i>. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 9-August 12, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-04-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 522591, "title": "Art Bridges Loan Partnership", "description": "<i>Art Bridges Loan Partnership</i>. Mattatuck Museum, Waterbury, CT (August 16, 2024-September 21, 2025); San Antonio Museum of Art, San Antonio, TX (October 4, 2025-October 4, 2026) https://www.samuseum.org/artwork/exhibition/canvas-to-clay-georgia-okeeffe-maria-martinez-to-mata-ortiz-and-tonala/.", "opening_date": "2024-08-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. The Downtown Gallery, New York, NY (organizer) (April 11-May 6, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-04-11T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>One Hundred and Fifty-Seventh Annual Exhibition of American Painting and Sculpture. </em>The Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, PA (organizer) (January 12-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Georgia O'Keeffe: American Modern</em>. The Hayward Gallery, London, United Kingdom (organizer) (April 8-June 27, 1993); Palacio de Belles Artes, Mexico City, Mexico (August 1-October 24,1993); Yokohama Museum of Art, Yokohama, Japan (November 28-February 20, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-04-08T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Estate of the artist, 1986", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Recalling her views out of airplane windows, O\u2019Keeffe described seeing \u201csuch incredible colors that you actually begin to believe in your dreams.\u201d", "description": "Georgia O\u2019Keeffe was electrified by the aerial views she experienced when flying long distances in the lower-altitude propeller planes of the 1950s and 1960s. In this painting, she has composed riverbeds seen far below in ways that refer to an actual experience and, simultaneously, exist as an abstract design.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475937"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Muse\u0301e de Grenoble, Sophie Bernard, and Georgia O'Keeffe. Georgia O'Keeffe et ses amis photographes: [... publie\u0301 a\u0300 l'occasion de l'exposition \"Georgia O'Keeffe et ses amis photographes\", Muse\u0301e de Grenoble, 7 novembre 2015 - 7 fe\u0301vrier 2016]. Paris: Somogy e\u0301d. d'art, 2015. catalogue number 67.", "page_number": "161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ruiz del Arbol, Marta. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe, </em>exh. cat. Madrid: Thyssen-Bornemisza, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 301; Reproduced pp. 227, 313.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Downtown Gallery. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: Paintings and Drawings, April 11-May 6, 1961</em>. New York, 1961.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. <em>Catalogue of the One Hundred and Fifty-Seventh Annual Exhibition of American Painting and Sculpture : January 12 through February 25, 1962</em>. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania of the Fine Arts. 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Art Museum Gets O'Keeffe Paintings.\" <em>The Cleveland Plain Dealer </em>(22 April 1986).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 5C", "url": null}, {"citation": "Culllinan, Helen. \"Georgia On Our Minds: O'Keeffe Legacy: 5 Glowing New Oils at Museum.\" <em>The Cleveland Plain Dealer</em> (5 September 1987).", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan, comp. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 171", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eldredge, Charles C. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: American and Modern</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 86", "url": null}, {"citation": "Udall, Sharyn Rohlfsen. <em>O'Keeffe and Texas</em>. San Antonio: Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94, 116; Reproduced: p. 96", "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Elizabeth Hutton, and Marjorie P. Balge-Crozier. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: The Poetry of Things</em>. Washington, D.C.: The Phillips Collection, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 132", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lynes, Barbara Buhler. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe: Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 847", "url": null}, {"citation": "Curiger, Bice, Carter Ratcliff, and Peter Johannes Schneemann. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czestochowski, Joseph S., ed. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe Visions of the Sublime</em>. Memphis: Torch Press and International Arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 157", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tosatto, Guy, Sophie Bernard, Camille Ducastel, and Barbara Buhler Lynes. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe et ses amis photographes</em>. 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 149; Reproduced: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ottinger, Didier. <em>Georgia O'Keeffe</em>. Paris: Centre Pompidou, 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 208", "url": ""}, {"citation": "O'Keeffe, Georgia, Theodora Vischer, Sam Keller, Cody Hartley, Didier Ottinger, Marta Ruiz del A\u0301rbol, Ariel Plotek, and Anna Hiddleston-Galloni. Georgia O'Keeffe. 2022.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 155", "url": ""}, {"citation": "O'Keeffe, Georgia, Samantha Friedman, Emily Olek, Glenn D. Lowry, and Laura Neufeld. Georgia O'Keeffe: To See Takes Time. New York : The Museum of Modern Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 162, pl. 125", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1987.137", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of Georgia O'Keeffe", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153604, "creators": [{"id": 3228, "description": "Georgia O'Keeffe (American, 1887\u20131986)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1887", "death_year": "1986", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1987-08-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1959, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1959", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:51:23.446000"}, {"id": 97197, "accession_number": "1916.831", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head of a Woman, 300\u2013200 BCE. Greece, Hellenistic period. Marble; overall: 16.6 x 9.6 x 9.6 cm (6 9/16 x 3 3/4 x 3 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Liberty E. Holden, 1916.831", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Head of a Woman", "creation_date": "300\u2013200 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -299, "creation_date_latest": -100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, Hellenistic period"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 16.6 x 9.6 x 9.6 cm (6 9/16 x 3 3/4 x 3 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.166, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.096, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.096, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 317001, "title": "Inaugural Exhibition", "description": "<i>Inaugural Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (co-organizer) (June 6-September 20, 1916).", "opening_date": "1916-06-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 521021, "title": "Greek and Roman Art", "description": "<i>Greek and Roman Art</i>. The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (organizer) (February 15-March 12, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-02-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309864, "title": "Baroque Imagery", "description": "<i>Baroque Imagery</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 1984-January 6, 1985).", "opening_date": "1984-11-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "<i>Collecting Drawings in England</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This hairstyle was achieved by rolling the hair and tucking it into the band behind the ears.", "description": "The symmetry and proportions of this unidentified woman's portrait harkens back to the classical style made popular in the 4th century BC by the master Greek sculptors Praxiteles and Lysippos. Her center-parted wavy hair, rolled into an up-do, reflects the style of the later Hellenistic period when this work was made.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779507"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.831-head-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Accessions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 2 (1917): 26-37.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136070"}, {"citation": "Eldridge, L. G. \"Classical Marbles in the Museum.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 6, no. 3 (1919): 43-63.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42; Mentioned: pp. 43-44", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136268"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.831", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_web.jpg", "width": "677", "height": "893", "filesize": "300662", "filename": "1916.831_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_print.jpg", "width": "2578", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4213541", "filename": "1916.831_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_full.tif", "width": "3095", "height": "4082", "filesize": "37931240", "filename": "1916.831_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "893", "filesize": "351536"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2617", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5033687"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3093", "height": "4019", "filesize": "37322976"}, "date_created": "2009-04-27T13:35:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "698", "height": "893", "filesize": "304431"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2657", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4214179"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3342", "height": "4277", "filesize": "42910960"}, "date_created": "2009-04-27T13:48:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "655", "height": "893", "filesize": "334176"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2495", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4846453"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.831/1916.831_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3017", "height": "4111", "filesize": "37238848"}, "date_created": "2009-04-27T14:09:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Liberty E. Holden", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97197, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-05-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -299, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "300\u2013200 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:14:25.640000"}, {"id": 140309, "accession_number": "1964.271", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dish with Reeds and Mist (\u8272\u7d75\u9744\u82a6\u76bf), c. 1700. Japan, Edo period (1615\u20131868). Porcelain with underglaze blue and overglaze color enamel (Hizen ware, Nabeshima type); diameter: 20.1 cm (7 15/16 in.); overall: 5.6 cm (2 3/16 in.). 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China, Western Han dynasty (206 BCE\u20138 CE). Bronze; diameter: 9.9 cm (3 7/8 in.); overall: 18.4 cm (7 1/4 in.); lid: 7.8 x 9.1 cm (3 1/16 x 3 9/16 in.); container: 11.3 cm (4 7/16 in.). 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Charles N\u00e8gre (French, 1820\u20131880). Albumen print from wet collodion negative; image: 36.5 x 44.6 cm (14 3/8 x 17 9/16 in.); matted: 55.9 x 66 cm (22 x 26 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1994.201", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "The Tiber, Tuileries Garden, Paris", "creation_date": "1859", "creation_date_earliest": 1859, "creation_date_latest": 1859, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "albumen print from wet collodion negative", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "Photography", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 36.5 x 44.6 cm (14 3/8 x 17 9/16 in.); Matted: 55.9 x 66 cm (22 x 26 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.365, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.446, "width_inch": 17, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "matted": {"height": 0.559, "height_inch": 22, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.66, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written in pencil on verso: \" 4/21/81 LM  FH80.655\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311875, "title": "Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 24, 1996-February 2, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-11-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 178867, "title": "Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 26-June 16, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA, November 20,1996 - February 2, 1997: \"Legacy of Light: Master Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art.\"", "opening_date": "1997-02-02T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; February 26 - June 16, 2005 . \"Drawn with Light: Pioneering French Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art\".", "opening_date": "2005-02-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "After the 1789 French Revolution, the gardens of the Tuileries palace became a public park.", "description": "In 1859, Charles N\u00e8gre received government support to produce 50 photographs of their statuary. He never completed the project and made only a small number of unique prints, of which this is one. This stone sculpture, created in the late 1700s, depicts a human personification of the god of the Tiber River. The waterway runs through Rome, which is symbolized by the she-wolf and twins. This is one of the garden\u2019s four sculptures depicting water deities.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79973469"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1994.201-the-tiber-tuileries"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cNew Acquisitions Enter the Cleveland Museum of Art\u2019s Permanent Collection,\u201d February 14, 1995, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr3939/page/n1"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 254", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1994.201", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.201/1994.201_web.jpg", "width": "1138", "height": "893", "filesize": "714142", "filename": "1994.201_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.201/1994.201_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2668", "filesize": "5379330", "filename": "1994.201_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1994.201/1994.201_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3923", "filesize": "58880540", "filename": "1994.201_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 157339, "creators": [{"id": 730, "description": "Charles N\u00e8gre (French, 1820\u20131880)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Charles N\u00e8gre French, 1820-1880\r\n\r\nA key figure in early French photography, Charles N\u00e8gre provides a link to photography's roots in painting and other visual arts. N\u00e8gre (born in Grasse) was a successful painter who had studied with Paul Delaroche, Michel Drolling, and Jean-Dominique Ingres. Beginning in 1843 he exhibited his work in various salons, winning high awards in 1851-52. His paintings were praised and purchased by, among others, Napol\u00e9on III.\r\n\tLike many other 19th-century artists, N\u00e8gre initially began making photographs to aid his painting. In 1844 he produced several daguerreotypes before later switching to calotypes. He soon developed a personal style, using the textured quality of the paper negative to subordinate detail to overall effect in his images, an approach he continued in various media throughout his career. Among N\u00e8gre's innovative subjects were street scenes that combined an intimacy of vision with the immediacy of urban life, presented with a painter's attention to composition. Many of these were presented in an 1851 exhibition of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 heliographique. A founding member of the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise de photographie, he was also a consummate architectural photographer, receiving numerous government commissions.\r\n\tN\u00e8gre's technical innovations, especially in the photogravure process, a subject on which he was an acknowledged authority, contributed to the development of photography. He never gave up his painting, however, and became a drawing master at the Lyc\u00e9e Imp\u00e9rial in Nice after moving there in 1863 for health reasons. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1820", "death_year": "1880", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1994-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1859, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1859", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:11:29.995000"}, {"id": 97997, "accession_number": "1917.627", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pair of Candelabra Depicting Allegorical Figures of Liberty and Matrimony, c. 1775. Derby Porcelain Factory (Chelsea-Derby Period, 1770\u201384). Soft-paste porcelain; part 1: 31.1 x 25.7 x 15.6 cm (12 1/4 x 10 1/8 x 6 1/8 in.); part 2: 32.4 x 25.6 x 14.2 cm (12 3/4 x 10 1/16 x 5 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness, 1917.627", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Pair of Candelabra Depicting Allegorical Figures of Liberty and Matrimony", "creation_date": "c. 1775", "creation_date_earliest": 1770, "creation_date_latest": 1780, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["England, London, Chelsea"], "technique": "soft-paste porcelain", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Part 1: 31.1 x 25.7 x 15.6 cm (12 1/4 x 10 1/8 x 6 1/8 in.); Part 2: 32.4 x 25.6 x 14.2 cm (12 3/4 x 10 1/16 x 5 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.311, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.257, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.156, "depth_inch": 6, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "part 2": {"height": 0.324, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.256, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.142, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mary Warden Harkness [1864-1916], New York, NY, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1917-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The canopy of foliage surrounding these figures was inspired by the arbors popular in theatrical stage designs during the mid-1700s.", "description": "This pair of allegorical figures depicts the attributes of solitude and marriage as a shepherd and shepherdess adorned in richly patterned designs. Here \u201cLiberty\u201d (the shepherd), is accompanied by a dog and a bird that perches on his outstretched arm. In contrast \u201cMatrimony\u201d (the shepherdess) holds a birdcage in one hand and subtly directs the viewer\u2019s gaze toward the sheep resting nearby with the other.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750270"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1917.627-pair-of-candelabra-d"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\"Bequest of Mrs. Charles W. Harkness.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 4, no. 4 (1917): 63.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136090"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.<br>Only <em>Candelabrum with Shepherd and Dog</em> (1917.627.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n13"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.<br>Only <em>Candelabrum with Shepherd and Dog</em> (1917.627.2) reproduced.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n14"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. \"European Porcelains Bequeathed by Mary Warden Harkness.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 15, no. 2 (February 1928): 57-59.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25137108"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1917.627", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627/1917.627_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "605", "filesize": "269759", "filename": "1917.627_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627/1917.627_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2287", "filesize": "1609663", "filename": "1917.627_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627/1917.627_full.tif", "width": "6722", "height": "4522", "filesize": "91218256", "filename": "1917.627_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627/1917.627_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "716", "height": "900", "filesize": "179121"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627/1917.627_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2705", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1285079"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1917.627/1917.627_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3543", "height": "4454", "filesize": "47368356"}, "date_created": "2006-01-16T16:15:56", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mary Warden Harkness", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 97997, "creators": [{"id": 18307, "description": "Derby Porcelain Factory (Chelsea-Derby Period, 1770\u201384)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "the Chelsea-Derby period began in 1770, when William Duesbury, one of the owners of the Derby Factory, acquried the Chelsea factory, and lasted until he closed it in 1784. During these years the products of both factories bore the same mark.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1917-04-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1770, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1775", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:17:25.141000"}, {"id": 142735, "accession_number": "1966.444", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flower Study of Forget-Me-Nots, c. 1885\u20131915. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Turquoise, diamonds, rock crystal, silver gilt; overall: 8.9 x 3.1 cm (3 1/2 x 1 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.444", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Flower Study of Forget-Me-Nots", "creation_date": "c. 1885\u20131915", "creation_date_earliest": 1885, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "turquoise, diamonds, rock crystal, silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 8.9 x 3.1 cm (3 1/2 x 1 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.089, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.031, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The stems of Faberg\u00e9\u2019s flower studies are set into little basins carved from rock crystal to resemble pots of water.", "description": "These delicate flowers, resembling a bouquet of forget-me-nots, are composed of finely rounded turquoise stones set around rose-cut diamonds on silver-gilt stems placed in rock crystal pots. Faberg\u00e9\u2019s inspiration for his flower studies is said to have come from the floral brooches of precious stones that were made in the 1700s for Catherine the Great as well as from the Japanese art of flower arranging, known as ikebana. Faberg\u00e9\u2019s flower studies were given as intimate gifts to friends by the tsarina and others in the court. She also liked to take them around to wherever the imperial family was residing as a reminder of spring during the harsh Russian winters.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60760801"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.444-flower-study-of-forg"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 76; Mentioned: p.78, cat. 35.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p, 110, cat. 90", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Swezey, Marilyn Pfeifer, Caroline de Guitaut, and Joyce Lasky Reed. <em>Faberge\u0301 Flowers</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Publishers, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 74-75.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/54046274"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. 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Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1885, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1885\u20131915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:19:58.423000"}, {"id": 142736, "accession_number": "1966.445", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flower Study of a Miniature Lily of the Valley, c. 1885\u20131915. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Pearls, jade, rock crystal, gold, diamonds; overall: 5.1 x 2.3 cm (2 x 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.445", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Flower Study of a Miniature Lily of the Valley", "creation_date": "c. 1885\u20131915", "creation_date_earliest": 1885, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "pearls, jade, rock crystal, gold, diamonds", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 5.1 x 2.3 cm (2 x 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.051, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.023, "width_inch": 0, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Small and delicate, Faberg\u00e9\u2019s flower studies were given as intimate gifts to friends by Tsarina Alexandra and others in the court. She kept them in all the palaces as a reminder of spring during the harsh Russian winters.", "description": "A small, carved rock crystal vase holds this lily of the valley study. The pearls, forming the flower\u2019s buds, are drilled and attached to the remarkably slim gold stem. The hand-cut nephrite (jade) leaves enhance the naturalistic aura of the flower. Faberg\u00e9\u2019s inspiration for his flower studies is said to have come from the floral brooches of precious stones that were made in the 1700s for Catherine the Great as well as from the Japanese art of flower arranging, known as ikebana.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761691"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.445-flower-study-of-a-mi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77; Mentioned: p. 79, cat. 37.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. 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His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1885, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1885\u20131915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:19:59.087000"}, {"id": 286015, "accession_number": "2016.33", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Male Figure (Ofika), late 1800s or early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mbole-style carver. Wood, colorant, and upholstery studs; 42.2 cm (16 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2016.33", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Male Figure (Ofika)", "creation_date": "late 1800s or early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1875, "creation_date_latest": 1925, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mbole-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, colorant, and upholstery studs", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "42.2 cm (16 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.422, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 306886, "title": "Recent Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Recent Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 17-June 7, 2018).", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 324225, "title": "African art rotation", "description": "<i>African art rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20, 2019-October 5, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-02-20T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art (03/17/2018-06/06/2018): \"Recent Acquisitions 2014-2017\"", "opening_date": "2018-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Utotombo, The Art of Black Africa in Belgian Private Collections</em>, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Brussels, Belgium (03/25/1988-06/05/1988)", "opening_date": "1988-03-25T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Field-collected by Pierre Dartevelle", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Sales invoice November 24, 1995, Curatorial Files</div>"], "date": "1971", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Phillipe Guimiot, Brussels, BE, sold to Atlantic Art Partners", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Sales invoice November 24, 1995, Curatorial Files</div>"], "date": "1971\u20131995", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Atlantic Art Partners I, LLC, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Sales invoice November 24, 1995, Curatorial Files</div>"], "date": "1995\u20132016", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2016\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The stripe painted down the figure's torso represents the cord used for execution.", "description": "Figures such as this, known as <em>ofika, </em>were central to the initiation practices and the enforcement of laws among the all-male Lilwa association, a hierarchical organization that served educational, judicial, political, economic, and ritual functions among the Mbole. Meant to instill a moral code and to act as a cautionary symbol during initiation for Lilwa novices, ofika figures are believed to represent criminals who were ritually hanged for transgressions against Lilwa laws. The figure\u2019s encrusted surface imitates how members covered their bodies with a substance made of ashes and palm oil during burial rites.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79870518"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2016.33-male-figure-ofika"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \u201cAcquisition Highlights 2016: African Art.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 57, no. 2 (March/April 2017): 17.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 17; Mentioned: P. 7, 17", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2017-02/page/n7/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Lemonedes, Heather. \u201cAcquisition Highlights.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>58, no. 2 (March/April 2018): 6-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-02/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "<em>African Arts</em> (Winter 1996, XXIX, 1). Back cover.", "page_number": "Back cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bastin et al, <em>Utotombo. L'art d'Afrique noire dans les collections priv\u00e9es belges. </em>Brussels: Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des expositions, 1998. Cat. 250, p. 244", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2016.33", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "900", "filesize": "118706", "filename": "2016.33_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_print.jpg", "width": "2347", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1360901", "filename": "2016.33_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_full.tif", "width": "5522", "height": "8000", "filesize": "132559356", "filename": "2016.33_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "627", "height": "900", "filesize": "116118"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2367", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1348461"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5569", "height": "8000", "filesize": "133685916"}, "date_created": "2016-06-03T13:25:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "644", "height": "900", "filesize": "120516"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2433", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1361670"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5598", "height": "7822", "filesize": "131393496"}, "date_created": "2016-06-03T13:02:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "568", "height": "900", "filesize": "96666"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2146", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1057882"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5050", "height": "8000", "filesize": "121232256"}, "date_created": "2016-06-03T14:22:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "547", "height": "900", "filesize": "100192"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2068", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1125866"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4867", "height": "8000", "filesize": "116839652"}, "date_created": "2016-06-03T14:31:32", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "577", "height": "900", "filesize": "110196"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2179", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1312933"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2016.33/2016.33_alt4_full.tif", "width": "5041", "height": "7867", "filesize": "119003728"}, "date_created": "2016-06-03T14:38:20", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 286015, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2016-06-09T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1875, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s or early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:51:50.811000"}, {"id": 112932, "accession_number": "1931.50", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Beatrice, 1897. Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916), printed by Auguste Clot (French, 1858\u20131936), published by Ambroise Vollard (French, 1867\u20131939). Color lithograph on China paper laid on wove paper; image: 33.6 x 29.6 cm (13 1/4 x 11 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland, 1931.50", "current_location": null, "title": "Beatrice", "creation_date": "1897", "creation_date_earliest": 1897, "creation_date_latest": 1897, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, late 19th Century"], "technique": "color lithograph on China paper laid on wove paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "China paper", "watermarks": []}, {"description": "wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Lithograph", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Image: 33.6 x 29.6 cm (13 1/4 x 11 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.336, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.296, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": "I/I", "edition_of_the_work": "edition of 100", "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed, lower right of image, in graphite: ODILON REDON; initialed on stone, upper right corner: OR", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301501, "title": "40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "<i>40th Anniversary Exhibition of the Print Club of Cleveland</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (December 3, 1959-January 20, 1960).", "opening_date": "1959-12-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304282, "title": "Charles Meryon, Odilon Redon, and Rodolphe Bresdin", "description": "<i>Charles Meryon, Odilon Redon, and Rodolphe Bresdin</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1, 1978-April 1, 1979).", "opening_date": "1978-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309840, "title": "Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones", "description": "<i>Odilon Redon: Dream Creatures and Anemones</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 21-October 14, 1984).", "opening_date": "1984-08-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309886, "title": "Printing in Color", "description": "<i>Printing in Color</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-November 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311461, "title": "Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland", "description": "<i>Generous Donors: A Tribute to The Print Club of Cleveland</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311560, "title": "Drawn on Stone: 19th-Century Lithography", "description": "<i>Drawn on Stone: 19th-Century Lithography</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 25, 1993-February 20, 1994).", "opening_date": "1993-09-25T04:00:00"}, {"id": 393854, "title": "Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon", "description": "<i>Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2021-January 23, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Nabi Prints: Ritual and Reality</em>. Spencer Museum of Art, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS (March 1 - April 8, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Yvonne Conter, Geneva, sold to the Print Club of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1931", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Print Club of Cleveland, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1931", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1931-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This print was published in <em>L'Album d'Estampes Originales</em>, a portfolio of lithographs edited by Vollard that included works by some of the leading artists of the day including Bonnard, C\u00e9zanne, Toulouse-Lautrec, Vuillard, and Whistler.", "description": "This print represents Odilon Redon\u2019s fullest experimentation with color lithography. Although he occasionally printed works in a single color, he only made one work in a full range of tones. Revisiting the subject of a pastel from about a decade earlier, <em>Beatrice </em>portrays a recurring figure in Redon\u2019s work\u2014the woman who inspired Italian poet Dante Alighieri (1265\u20131321). Working with his frequent collaborators during the 1890s, printer Auguste Clot and publisher Ambroise Vollard, Redon used muted shades to suggest Beatrice\u2019s ethereal presence and her timeless role as an artistic muse.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80005364"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1931.50-beatrice"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of an exhibition of the art of lithography: commemorating the sesquicentennial of its invention, 1798-1948</em>. [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, November 11, 1948-January 2, 1949. Published as: B\u00e9atrice.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 58", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Lithography/page/n65"}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Mellerio 168", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1931.50", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.50/1931.50_web.jpg", "width": "793", "height": "893", "filesize": "419467", "filename": "1931.50_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.50/1931.50_print.jpg", "width": "3020", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6496143", "filename": "1931.50_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1931.50/1931.50_full.tif", "width": "3270", "height": "3682", "filesize": "36150448", "filename": "1931.50_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of The Print Club of Cleveland", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112932, "creators": [{"id": 1748, "description": "Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leader of the symbolist movement in France, Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux in 1840 and grew up in the surrounding region. During his early years he studied drawing, architecture, and the violin. A friendship with Armand Clavaud, a local botanist and philosopher, stimulated Redon's passion for romantic art and literature. In 1864, after a brief and discouraging period of instruction with G\u00e9r\u00f4me in Paris, Redon returned to Bordeaux, where he studied printmaking with Rodolphe Bresdin (1825-1885). Deploring the emphasis on rational, phenomenal experience in academic and naturalist art, Redon turned for inspiration to the imaginative paintings of Delacroix, the prints of Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya (1746-1828), and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire. In 1870, after military service in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon settled in Paris and produced his first <em>Noirs</em>. These visionary images, featuring floating eyes and severed heads born aloft on wings, reflect Redon's belief in the superiority of the imagination and fantasy, which he considered \"the messenger of the unconscious.\" After producing his initial <em>Noirs </em>in charcoal, Redon discovered a method of transferring his drawings to lithography in 1876. Throughout the 1880s he continued to use charcoal, etching, and lithography as his primary media, and he produced twelve lithography albums before abandoning the genre in the late 1890s. During the 1880s Redon emerged as a leader of the symbolist reaction against impressionism. The publication in 1879 of his first lithographic album, <em>Dans le r\u00eave</em>, followed by his first solo exhibition in 1881, attracted the admiration of J. K. Huysmans, who included illustrations by Redon in his novel <em>\u00c0 rebours</em> (1884). Around the same time, Redon developed a personal and artistic relationship with poet St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. Increasingly drawn into the public arena, Redon helped organize the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants in 1884. In 1886 he participated in the last impressionist exhibition and began showing with Les XX in Brussels. Redon's antinaturalist, visionary, art inspired many symbolist and Nabi artists, including Gauguin and Vuillard. Maurice Denis praised Redon as \"our Mallarm\u00e9,\" and in 1892 critic Albert Aurier described Redon as a leader of the new \"idealistic\" tendency in art. After 1890 the focus of Redon's activity shifted from monochromatic drawings and prints toward exploring color in richly worked pastels. His innovations in luminous color, as seen in the pastel and oil paintings he exhibited at the Galeries Durand-Ruel in 1900 were greatly admired by Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and the Fauves. Awarded the Legion of Honor in 1903, Redon continued his leadership role in the avant-garde and in 1904 became a founding member of the Salon d'Automne. In 1913 forty of his works were selected for exhibition in the Armory Show, the most by any artist. Redon died at his home in Paris in the summer of 1916.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 28934, "description": "Auguste Clot (French, 1858\u20131936)", "extent": "printed by", "qualifier": null, "role": "printer", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1858", "death_year": "1936", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 2}, {"id": 291938, "description": "Ambroise Vollard (French, 1867\u20131939)", "extent": "published by", "qualifier": null, "role": "publisher", "biography": "French art dealer and publisher, 1867-1939", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1867", "death_year": "1939", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": true, "weight": 3}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1931-02-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1897, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1897", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["B\u00e9atrice", "l'Album des peintres-graveurs: B\u00e9atrice"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:56:50.742000"}, {"id": 124084, "accession_number": "1944.86", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Declaration of Love, c. 1720. Nicolas Lancret (French, 1690\u20131743). Oil on canvas; framed: 103 x 90.5 x 9 cm (40 9/16 x 35 5/8 x 3 9/16 in.); unframed: 80.1 x 64 cm (31 9/16 x 25 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.86", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Declaration of Love", "creation_date": "c. 1720", "creation_date_earliest": 1715, "creation_date_latest": 1725, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 103 x 90.5 x 9 cm (40 9/16 x 35 5/8 x 3 9/16 in.); Unframed: 80.1 x 64 cm (31 9/16 x 25 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.03, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.905, "width_inch": 35, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.09, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.801, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.64, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 346817, "title": "Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", "description": "<i>Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 9-December 2, 1934).", "opening_date": "1934-11-09T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300859, "title": "The Venetian Tradition", "description": "<i>The Venetian Tradition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 8, 1956-January 1, 1957).", "opening_date": "1956-11-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 215208, "title": "Intimate Encounters:  Love and Domesticity in Eighteenth-Century France", "description": "<i>Intimate Encounters:  Love and Domesticity in Eighteenth-Century France</i>. Hood Museum of Art (organizer) (October 4, 1997-January 4, 1998); The Toledo Museum of Art (February 14-May 8, 1998); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (May 26-August 18, 1998).", "opening_date": "1997-10-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, 1934: \"Art of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries,\" no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1934-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA, 1944: \"Exhibition of the Eliabeth Severance Prentiss Collection,\" cat. no. 8, p. 25, color frontispiece.", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus (Ohio) Gallery of Fine Arts, February 4-March 5, 1949: \"Hats in History,\" cat. no. 6.", "opening_date": "1949-02-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, April 26-May 31, 1950: \"The Eighteenth Century Art of France and England,\" cat. no. 28, p. 11.", "opening_date": "1950-04-26T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Museum of Art, November 1-November 28, 1951: \"Italian, Spanish, and French Paintings of the 17th and 18th Centuries,\" cat. no. 35, frontispiece; Grand Rapids (Michigan) Art Gallery, December 12 1951-January 9, 1952.", "opening_date": "1951-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Coe-College Art Gallery, May 16-June 16, 1952: \"Centennial Exhibition,\" cat. no. 10, repr.", "opening_date": "1952-05-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "West Palm Beach, Florida, Society of the Four Arts, December 12-1952-January 4, 193: \"Eighteenth-Century Masterpieces,\" cat. no. 13.", "opening_date": "1952-12-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Richmond, Virginia, Museum of Fine Arts, January 20-March 5, 1956: \"Les F\u00eates Galantes,\" no catalogue.", "opening_date": "1956-01-20T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, 1956 \"The Venetian Tradition,\" cat. no. 21, p. 25.", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore Museum of Art, April 25-June 14, 1959: \"Age of Elegance: The Rococo and Its Effect,\" cat. no. 18, illus. p. 47. reproduced on Frontispiece of the Baltimore Museum of Art News.", "opening_date": "1959-04-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Hanover, NH; Toledo Museum of Art (Ohio); Houston, TX; Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. \"Intimate Encounters: Love and Domesticity in Eighteenth-century France\" (10/4/97 - 8/18/98), p. 94-96, cat. no. 4, color repr. p. 95.", "opening_date": "1997-10-04T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "William Sharp Ogden (1845-1926), Finchley, London", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Sale: Christie\u2019s, London, December 6, 1927, no. 50)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 6, 1927", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "[Wildenstein & Co., New York, NY]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss (Mrs. Francis Fleury Prentiss) (1865-1944), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1928-1944", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1944-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "A category of painting invented in France in the early 1700s is the f\u00eate galante (gallant party), with subject matter that hovers between fantasy and reality. The figures in theatrical costume derive from Italian street performers seen in Paris, while the playful outdoor garden party connects to leisure activities enjoyed by certain Parisian elites. The arts of conversation, music, and painting\u2014all highly valued by French aristocracy\u2014intersect in this work.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515034"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.86-declaration-of-love"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "MOCATTA, Ernest G. <em>Catalogue of the Collection of Objects of Art of the 15th, 16th and 17th Centuries, Porcelain and Faience, Formed by Ernest G. Mocatta ... Which, by Order of the Executors, Will Be Sold by Auction by Messrs. Christie, Manson &amp; Woods ... December 6, 1927, Etc</em>. William Clowes &amp; Sons: London, 1927.", "page_number": "no. 50", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944.</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. [6], cat. no. 8; Mentioned: p. 25, cat. no. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n29"}, {"citation": "\"Recent Important Acquisitions of American Collections\", <em>Art Quarterly</em>, VII, no. 3 (1944).", "page_number": "pp. 222-25", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \u201cPaintings in the Prentiss Bequest.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 31, no. 6 (1944).", "page_number": "cover, p. 89", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141132"}, {"citation": "<em> Art News</em>, XLIII (October 1, 1944).", "page_number": "cover", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 486", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n89"}, {"citation": "Saisselin, Remy G.  \"The Rococo as a Dream of Happiness,\" <em>Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism</em>, XIX (Winter 1960).", "page_number": "p. 150, fig. 2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 133", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n157"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 79-81; Reproduced: p, 80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rand, Richard, Juliette M. Bianco, and Mark Ledbury. <em>Intimate Encounters: Love and Domesticity in Eighteenth-Century France.</em> [Hanover, N.H.]: Hood Museum of Art, Dartmouth College, 1997.", "page_number": "p. 94-96, cat. no. 4", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.86", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.86/1944.86_web.jpg", "width": "711", "height": "893", "filesize": "448962", "filename": "1944.86_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.86/1944.86_print.jpg", "width": "2706", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6611337", "filename": "1944.86_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.86/1944.86_full.tif", "width": "4213", "height": "5294", "filesize": "66950380", "filename": "1944.86_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124084, "creators": [{"id": 1885, "description": "Nicolas Lancret (French, 1690\u20131743)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1690", "death_year": "1743", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1715, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1720", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 11:27:00.776000"}, {"id": 108998, "accession_number": "1927.170", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Athlete or Apollo, probably 100\u20131 BCE. Greece, Macedonia(?). Bronze with silver inlays; overall: 30.8 x 9 cm (12 1/8 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1927.170", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Athlete or Apollo", "creation_date": "probably 100\u20131 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -100, "creation_date_latest": -1, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, Macedonia(?)"], "technique": "bronze with silver inlays", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 30.8 x 9 cm (12 1/8 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.308, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.09, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["429.1927"], "did_you_know": "The eyes of this figure are decorated with inlaid silver.", "description": "This bronze statuette depicts a nude male, perhaps a young athlete or the youthful god Apollo. The figure is made from solid bronze, with a fillet of inlaid silver on his head. The figure\u2019s right arm is broken off just above the elbow. If this is a statue of Apollo, he may have once held a bow and arrow; if it depicts an athlete, he could have held athletic equipment, a symbol of victory, or an offering dish.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746022"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.170-athlete-or-apollo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Comstock, Helen. \"A Group of Greek Bronze Statuettes,\" <em>International Studio</em>. (July 1926): 33-37.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 35. Mentioned: p.35-36.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "American Federation of Arts. <em>The American Magazine of Art.</em> New York, N.Y.: American Federation of Arts, 1927.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 442", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Howard, Rossiter. \u201cA Praxitelean Apollo.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 14, no. 7 (July 1927): 118\u2013120.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 119-120; Reproduced: p. 118", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137038"}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland gets a Gem of Greek Sculpture,\"<em> The Art Digest: </em>(July 1927).", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 6 columns 1-2.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Museum of Art Secures a Prize,\" <em>The Antiquarian</em>. New York: Antiquarian Publishing Co. (October 1927)", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 72", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n83"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 91; Reproduced: p. 98", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margarete.\" Greek Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Art in America</em> (July 1943): 112-126.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126. Reproduced: fig. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Robinson, Francis W.<em> An Exhibition of Small Bronzes of the Ancient World: Mesopotamian, Hittite, Egyptian, Greek, Etruscan, Roman : March 23rd Through April 20th, 1947</em>. [Detroit]: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned p.11, cat. no. 75, Reproduced p. 40", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cA Bronze from the Age of Pericles.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 46, no. 2 (February 1959): 19\u201324.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22; Mentioned: p. 22-23", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142320"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5; Plate 9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n9"}, {"citation": "Walter-Karydi. Elena \"\u00c9nas ch\u00e1lkinos Ap\u00f3llon ap\u00f3 ti Makedon\u00eda kai i Makedonik\u00ed plastik\u00ed ton klasik\u00f3n chr\u00f3non\" in Vokotopoulou, Ioulia, and De\u0304me\u0304trios Pantermale\u0304s, eds. <em>Myrtos: mne\u0304me\u0304 Ioulias Vokotopoulou. </em>Thessaloni\u0301ke\u0304: Hypourgeio Politismou, Aristoteleio Panepiste\u0301\u0304mio Thessalonike\u0304s, 2000. p. 641-652.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 641-645. Reproduced: p. 643-645. Figs. 1-4.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.170", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_web.jpg", "width": "504", "height": "893", "filesize": "201000", "filename": "1927.170_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_print.jpg", "width": "1919", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2943288", "filename": "1927.170_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_full.tif", "width": "3539", "height": "6270", "filesize": "66600640", "filename": "1927.170_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "522", "height": "893", "filesize": "204486"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1986", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3117163"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3706", "height": "6345", "filesize": "70575784"}, "date_created": "2009-12-14T19:03:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "471", "height": "893", "filesize": "179673"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1795", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2764885"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3344", "height": "6335", "filesize": "63584656"}, "date_created": "2009-12-14T19:15:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "505", "height": "893", "filesize": "184148"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1921", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2880658"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3516", "height": "6222", "filesize": "65661408"}, "date_created": "2009-12-14T19:27:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "525", "height": "893", "filesize": "193266"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1998", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2887104"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3753", "height": "6388", "filesize": "71954372"}, "date_created": "2009-12-14T20:15:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "541", "height": "893", "filesize": "209609"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2061", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3248735"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3932", "height": "6485", "filesize": "76529160"}, "date_created": "2009-12-14T20:29:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "569", "height": "893", "filesize": "254749"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2166", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3733393"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt5_full.tif", "width": "3914", "height": "6144", "filesize": "72163808"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:29:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "568", "height": "893", "filesize": "239276"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2162", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3611911"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.170/1927.170_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3906", "height": "6144", "filesize": "72016364"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T19:30:03", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108998, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-05-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "probably 100\u20131 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:49:46.811000"}, {"id": 123468, "accession_number": "1943.72", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Veneration of the Buddha as a Fiery Pillar, 200s CE. Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Nagarjunakonda. Limestone; overall: 59 cm (23 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1943.72", "current_location": "242A Ancient India", "title": "Veneration of the Buddha as a Fiery Pillar", "creation_date": "200s CE", "creation_date_earliest": 200, "creation_date_latest": 299, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Southern India, Andhra Pradesh, Nagarjunakonda"], "technique": "limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art - Andhra", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 59 cm (23 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.59, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 220914, "title": "Images of Enlightenment:  Gems from Buddhist Art of Asia", "description": "<i>Images of Enlightenment:  Gems from Buddhist Art of Asia</i>. Art Museum, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (September 26-December 15, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-09-26T00:00:00"}, {"id": 351505, "title": "Tree and Serpent: The Evolution of Early Buddhist Art in India", "description": "<i>Tree and Serpent: The Evolution of Early Buddhist Art in India</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (July 17-November 13, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-07-17T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Heeramaneck Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131943", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1943\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The acanthus leaves sprouting from the pillar echo Greco-Roman motifs.", "description": "At the bottom of this carved panel is the depiction of a pillar incised with cross-hatching and surrounded by a halo of flames. A stylized lotus and a pointed trident symbol marking good fortune and divinity crown the pillar. This image indicates the presence of the Buddha and underscores his superhuman qualities, including radiance and power to work magic. Two male figures hold fly whisks of honor on either side. <br> <br>Above is a golden pillar covered with jewels that the Buddha miraculously generated. Swirling leaves sprout from grooved disks at regular intervals, and celestial beings fly and dance in praise.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758377"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1943.72-veneration-of-the-bu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ramachandran, T. N. \u201cN\u0101g\u0101rjunikonda.\u201d <em>Memoirs of the Arch\u00e6ological Survey of India</em>, 1928.", "page_number": "no. 71, pp. 9, 25, 36", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. <em>Elements of Buddhist Iconography</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1935.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. ii", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Buddhist Art. Detroit Institute of Arts, Twenty-Fourth Loan Exhibition, October, 1942</em>. Detroit: Detroit Institute of Arts, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 5, p. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \u201cA Relief from Amar\u0101vati.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 32, no. 1, 1945, pp. 7\u20138, 11.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 7\u20138; Reproduced: p. 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141176"}, {"citation": "Barrett, Douglas E. <em>Sculptures from Amaravati in the British Museum</em>. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1954.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ramachandra Rao, P. R. <em>The Art of Na\u0304ga\u0304rjunikonda</em>. Madras: Rachana, 1956.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 746", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n135"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 230", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n254"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 230", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n254"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 290", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n310"}, {"citation": "Heeramaneck, Alice N. <em>Masterpieces of Indian Painting: From the Former Collections of Nasli M. Heeramaneck</em>. Verona, Italy: A.N. Heeramaneck, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Ghose, Rajeshwari, Puay-peng Ho, and Chuntang Yang. <em>Fa xiang chuan zhen: gu dai fo jiao yi shu</em> [\u6cd5\u76f8\u50b3\u771f : \u53e4\u4ee3\u4f5b\u6559\u517f\u8853; In the footsteps of the Buddha: an iconic journey from India to China]. Hong Kong: Xianggang da xue mei shu bo wu guan, 1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 2, p. 143", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guy, John. <em>Tree &amp; Serpent: Early Buddhist Art in India. </em>Exh. cat. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 229\u2013230; Reproduced: p. 229, cat. 111", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1943.72", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_web.jpg", "width": "494", "height": "900", "filesize": "208356", "filename": "1943.72_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_print.jpg", "width": "1865", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1614719", "filename": "1943.72_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_full.tif", "width": "7645", "height": "13940", "filesize": "319742908", "filename": "1943.72_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "494", "height": "900", "filesize": "234921"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1865", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2141362"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7645", "height": "13939", "filesize": "319719996"}, "date_created": "2023-05-31T14:53:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "330", "filesize": "131227"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1246", "filesize": "632791"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt1_full.tif", "width": "13680", "height": "5015", "filesize": "205842196"}, "date_created": "2023-05-31T15:15:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "331", "filesize": "129219"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1251", "filesize": "614649"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt2_full.tif", "width": "13671", "height": "5030", "filesize": "206321996"}, "date_created": "2023-05-31T15:22:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "563", "filesize": "171769"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2127", "filesize": "1292722"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt3_full.tif", "width": "11062", "height": "6920", "filesize": "229674648"}, "date_created": "2023-05-31T15:28:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "564", "filesize": "187936"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2129", "filesize": "1478747"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt4_full.tif", "width": "11062", "height": "6926", "filesize": "229874048"}, "date_created": "2023-05-31T15:36:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "571", "height": "893", "filesize": "75740"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "2175", "height": "3400", "filesize": "895840"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt5_full.tif", "width": "5003", "height": "7819", "filesize": "117388688"}, "date_created": "2013-08-28T09:00:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "588", "height": "893", "filesize": "90914"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "2238", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1220434"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1943.72/1943.72_alt6_full.tif", "width": "5173", "height": "7858", "filesize": "121979300"}, "date_created": "2013-08-28T09:00:41", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "b8a8e6054c5f47e9af73bc11a215b209", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/b8a8e6054c5f47e9af73bc11a215b209", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123468, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1943-02-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "200s CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Fire Pillar"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:05.042000"}, {"id": 123585, "accession_number": "1944.164", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase in the Form of a Melon (\uccad\uc790 \ucc38\uc678\ubaa8\uc591 \ubcd1 [\u9751\u78c1\u74dc\u5f62\u7501]), 1100s. Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392). Celadon; overall: 25.2 cm (9 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection, 1944.164", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Vase in the Form of a Melon", "title_in_original_language": "\uccad\uc790 \ucc38\uc678\ubaa8\uc591 \ubcd1 [\u9751\u78c1\u74dc\u5f62\u7501]", "creation_date": "1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1199, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392)"], "technique": "celadon", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 25.2 cm (9 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.252, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "diameter of mouth with rim": {"width": 0.115, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "diameter of cylinder": {"width": 0.129, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.086, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517633, "title": "Korean Ceramics", "description": "<i>Korean Ceramics</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (April 18-June 2, 1968); Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada (July 15-August 30, 1968); The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (October 1-November 15, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 337978, "title": "Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "<i>Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 24, 2019-January 26, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-07-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mrs. Francis F. (Elisabeth Severance Allen) Prentiss [1865\u20131944], Cleveland Heights, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131944", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The shape of this bottle resembles is a type of yellow muskmelon cultivated mainly in East Asia.", "description": "As early as the seventh century, the practice of drinking tea and wine became an important part of elite culture in Korea. Elites of the Goryeo period commissioned a variety of types of utensils and vessels including this elegant bottle, not only to make their drinking experience more exciting, but also to show their appreciation of nature. During the Goryeo period (918-1392), kilns operated in Jeolla and Chungcheong provinces, meeting a soaring demand for high-quality tableware.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746665"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.164-vase-in-the-form-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the Elisabeth Severance Prentiss collection : Bequest of Elisabeth Severance Prentiss, 1944</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1944.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Prentiss/page/n77"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"Chinese and Korean Ceramics: Japanese Lacquer.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>31, no. 6 (June 1944): 103-108.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 103", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141135"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 891", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n158"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 272", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n296"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 272", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n296"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art 1978</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 364", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n384"}, {"citation": "Pak, Youngsook, and Roderick Whitfield. <em>Handbook of Korean Art: Earthenware and Celadon. </em>London: Laurence King, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment, 918-1392</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Jang, Nam-won. \"The Tea and Celadons during the Goryeo Dynasty: Considering the Celadon Tea Utensils [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \u8336\u6587\u5316\uc640 \u9751\u74f7].\"<em> Musulsa nondan </em>(2007): 129-162.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01351978"}, {"citation": "<em>Korean Celadons, the Best under Heaven</em> [\ucc9c\ud558\uc81c\uc77c\ube44\uc0c9\uccad\uc790]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2012.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo: The Glory of Korea </em>[\ub300\uace0\ub824, \uadf8 \ucc2c\ub780\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Sparkles of Jade: Goryeo Celadon</em> [\u9ad8\u9e97\u9752\u78c1 : \u30d2\u30b9\u30a4\u306e\u304d\u3089\u3081\u304d]. O\u0304saka: O\u0304saka: Shiritsu To\u0304yo\u0304 To\u0304ji Bijutsukan, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Ch'a, Mi-rae, Kwi-suk An, Cleveland Museum of Art, and \uad6d\uc678\uc18c\uc7ac\ubb38\ud654\uc7ac\uc7ac\ub2e8. <em>The Korean Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Edited by An Min-hu\u0306i. First edition, English ed. Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Series, 16. Seoul, Republic of Korea: Overseas Korean Cultural Heritage Foundation, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 51", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.164", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.164/1944.164_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "35846", "filename": "1944.164_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.164/1944.164_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "524585", "filename": "1944.164_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.164/1944.164_full.tif", "width": "4045", "height": "5235", "filesize": "63551440", "filename": "1944.164_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Elisabeth Severance Prentiss Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 123585, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-03-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1100s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Vase with Ten-lobed Melon-shaped Body, Tall Neck with Flat Flaring Mouth, and Spreading, Flower-like Foot"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:21:35.847000"}, {"id": 134794, "accession_number": "1957.360", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Kneeling Winged Monster (\u9b3c\u795e), 550\u201377. China, Hebei province, northern Xiangtangshan caves, North cave, Northern Qi dynasty (550-577). Limestone; overall: 75 x 63.6 cm (29 1/2 x 25 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Fanny Tewksbury King Collection, 1957.360", "current_location": "241C Chinese Buddhist Sculptures", "title": "Kneeling Winged Monster", "title_in_original_language": "\u9b3c\u795e", "creation_date": "550\u201377", "creation_date_earliest": 550, "creation_date_latest": 577, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Hebei province, northern Xiangtangshan caves, North cave, Northern Qi dynasty (550-577)"], "technique": "limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Southern Dynasties", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 75 x 63.6 cm (29 1/2 x 25 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.75, "height_inch": 29, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.636, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 219843, "title": "Echoes of the Past: The Buddhist Cave Temples at Xiangtangshan", "description": "<i>Echoes of the Past: The Buddhist Cave Temples at Xiangtangshan</i>. The David and Alfred Smart Museum of Art, Chicago, IL (September 30, 2010-January 16, 2011); National Museum of Asian Art, Washington, DC (organizer) (February 26-July 31, 2011); Meadows Museum, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX (September 10, 2011-January 8, 2012); San Diego Museum of Art (February 18-July 22, 2012).", "opening_date": "2010-09-30T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Frank Caro [1904\u20131980], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131957", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1957\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The hunched monster has three-fingered hands, four square teeth in center of its mouth, and two pairs of pointed teeth on either side.", "description": "This kneeling monster from the cave-temple complex at Xiangtangshan was originally placed below some wall niches on the perimeter. With its grotesque face and body, it is among the most imaginative sculptures of the period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1957.360-kneeling-winged-mons"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mizuno, Seiichi \u6c34\u91ce\u6e05\u4e00 and Toshio Nagahiro  \u9577\u5ee3\u654f\u96c4. <em>The Buddhist Cave-Temples of Hsiang-T'ang-Ssu on the Frontier of Honan and Hopei</em>. Kyoto: Academy of Oriental Culture, Kyoto Institute, 1937.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 817", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n145"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M. \u201cEarly Byzantine Silver.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 45, no. 3, 1958, pp. 35\u201394.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 92", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142265"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253, fig. no. 322", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n274"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 250", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n274"}, {"citation": "Weisberg, Gabriel P. and H. W. Janson. <em>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.", "page_number": "cat. cat. 99", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 330", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n350"}, {"citation": "Watson, William. <em>L'art de l'ancienne Chine</em>. Paris: Mazenod, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 389, p. 415", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pearlstein, Elinor. \u201cPictorial Stones from Chinese Tombs.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 71, no. 9, 1984, pp. 302\u2013331.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 308, fig. 12", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159885"}, {"citation": "Sotheby's, New York. <em>Important Chinese Sculpture Sold for the Benefit of the J.T. Tai Foundation</em>. 3 June 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Lot 19 (comparative material)", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Sun, Di, editor. Z<em>hongguo liu shi hai wai Fo jiao zao xiang zong he tu mu </em>[\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d41\u5931\u6d77\u5916\u4f5b\u6559\u9020\u50cf\u603b\u5408\u56fe\u76ee = Comprehensive Illustrated Catalogue of Chinese Buddhist Statues in Overseas Collections]. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, 2005.", "page_number": "vol. 3, p. 642", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tsiang, Katherine R., and Richard A. Born. <em>Echoes of the Past: The Buddhist Cave Temples of Xiangtangshan</em>. Chicago: Smart Museum of Art, University of Chicago, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 9, pp. 176\u2013177", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1957.360", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.360/1957.360_web.jpg", "width": "780", "height": "893", "filesize": "118296", "filename": "1957.360_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.360/1957.360_print.jpg", "width": "2968", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1671810", "filename": "1957.360_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1957.360/1957.360_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "6873", "filesize": "123761888", "filename": "1957.360_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The Fanny Tewksbury King Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Clara T. Rankin Galleries of Chinese Art", "athena_id": 134794, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1957-07-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 550, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "550\u201377", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Squatting Caryatid Monster"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:53:05.955000"}, {"id": 138765, "accession_number": "1963.154", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Statue of Gudea, c. 2144\u20132124 BCE. Mesopotamia, Neo-Sumerian, Iraq, Girsu. Dolerite; overall: 126 x 55 x 36 cm (49 5/8 x 21 5/8 x 14 3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1963.154", "current_location": "100 1916 Lobby", "title": "Statue of Gudea", "creation_date": "c. 2144\u20132124 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -2144, "creation_date_latest": -2124, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mesopotamia, Neo-Sumerian, Iraq, Girsu"], "technique": "dolerite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art", "collection": "Near Eastern Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 126 x 55 x 36 cm (49 5/8 x 21 5/8 x 14 3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.26, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.55, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.36, "depth_inch": 14, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "I. E. Gejou or Elias S. David", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1924-1938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Feuerdent Collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1932-1946", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Elias S. David", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1946-1963", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 140011, "description": "Head of Gudea, ensi of Lagash, 2144\u20132124 BCE. Mesopotamia, Iraq, Lagash (Tello). Dolerite; overall: 21 x 17.8 x 20.4 cm (8 1/4 x 7 x 8 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1963.680", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Twice in the 20th century, this headless figure was wrongly \"completed\" with the head 1963.680, which comes from a similar sculpture.", "description": "This headless figure\u2019s clasped hands create a distinctive gesture that recurs frequently on more than 30 recorded statues of the Mesopotamian ruler Gudea. Between c. 2144\u20132124 BCE, Gudea ruled as <em>ensi</em> (governor) of the city-state of Lagash, located in modern-day Iraq. Scholars have identified more than 2,400 inscriptions that describe his reign, which included patronage of the arts and an extensive building program. Statues like this one would have been placed in temples as stand-ins for Gudea himself, demonstrating his devotion and piety.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761499"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.154-statue-of-gudea"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Scheil, Vincent. \"Nouvelles Statues de Gudea.\" <em>Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archeologie Orientale, </em>volume 27, no. 4 (1930): 161-166, pl. V.", "page_number": "Mentioned on page 161-166, reproduced on plate 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Parrot, Andre\u0301. <em>Tello; Vingt Campagnes de Fouilles (1877-1933).</em> Paris: A. Michel (1948): 167-169.", "page_number": "Mentioned on 167, reproduced on 169, pl. XVI, b", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Shepherd, Dorothy G. \u201cGudea, Pat\u00e9si of Lagash.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 9 (November 1963): 243\u2013248.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 244-248; Reproduced: p. 244-246, figs. 4-5", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151968"}, {"citation": "A. P. \"Gud\u00e9a, Patesi de Lagash, dans <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>novembre 1963, pp.243-248.\" <em>Syria</em> 41, no. 1/2 (1964): 146\u201347. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4197449.", "page_number": "Mentioned on 146-147", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n34"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 10", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n32"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Weisberg, Gabriel P., and Janson, H. W. <em>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art (1975): 29.", "page_number": "Reproduced on page 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n22"}, {"citation": "Johansen, Flemming. <em>Statues of Gudea, Ancient and Modern.</em> Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag (1978): 23-24, 80-83.", "page_number": "Mentioned on 23-24, reproduced on 80-83.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tortora, Phyllis G., and Keith Eubank.<em> A Survey of Historic Costume: A History of Western Dress</em>. New York: Fairchild Publications (1989): 21.", "page_number": "Reproduced on page 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n19"}, {"citation": "Reade, Julian. \"Early monuments in Gulf stone at the British Museum, with observations on some Gudea statues and the location of Agade.\" <em>Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Arch\u00e4ologie</em> 92 (2002): 276-284.", "page_number": "Mentioned on 281 and 284", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 67", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.154", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_web.jpg", "width": "613", "height": "893", "filesize": "266629", "filename": "1963.154_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_print.jpg", "width": "2335", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4222245", "filename": "1963.154_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_full.tif", "width": "3208", "height": "4671", "filesize": "44984560", "filename": "1963.154_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "893", "filesize": "268946"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2281", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4408579"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3212", "height": "4788", "filesize": "46167716"}, "date_created": "2007-07-03T20:08:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "602", "height": "893", "filesize": "210926"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2292", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3635858"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3142", "height": "4660", "filesize": "43955312"}, "date_created": "2007-07-03T20:07:27", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "556", "height": "893", "filesize": "206260"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2117", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3505880"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.154/1963.154_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2966", "height": "4764", "filesize": "42420176"}, "date_created": "2007-07-03T20:20:50", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "d7493b2c823f43bfa1cfc778f68d3ba4", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/d7493b2c823f43bfa1cfc778f68d3ba4", "gallery_donor_text": "The Plain Dealer Lobby", "athena_id": 138765, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-02-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -2144, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 2144\u20132124 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Gudea, Ensi (Governor) of Lagash"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:48.965000"}, {"id": 153927, "accession_number": "1988.108", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint Mary Magdalen, c. 1630. Simon Vouet (French, 1590\u20131649). Oil on panel; framed: 159 x 132 x 13 cm (62 5/8 x 51 15/16 x 5 1/8 in.); unframed: 130.8 x 103.5 cm (51 1/2 x 40 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1988.108", "current_location": "217 Italian Baroque", "title": "Saint Mary Magdalen", "creation_date": "c. 1630", "creation_date_earliest": 1625, "creation_date_latest": 1635, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 17th century"], "technique": "oil on panel", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 17th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 159 x 132 x 13 cm (62 5/8 x 51 15/16 x 5 1/8 in.); Unframed: 130.8 x 103.5 cm (51 1/2 x 40 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.59, "height_inch": 62, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 1.32, "width_inch": 51, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.13, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 1.308, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.035, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310246, "title": "The Year in Review for 1988", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1988</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 1-May 14, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-03-01T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Les Plus Belles oeuvres des Collections de la Cote d'Or</em>. Palais de Ducs, Dijon, France (1958).", "opening_date": "1958-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marquis Laurent de Migieu (Paris, France), by descent to Vicomte Ren\u00e9 de Vaulchier", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1769", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Vicomte Ren\u00e9 de Vaulchier, Chateau de Savigny-les-Beaune, Cote d'Or", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1951", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sale: Guy Loudmer, Palais d'Orsay, Paris, June 6, 1978, no. 30", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "June 6, 1978", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Sale: Guy Loudmer, Hotel Drouot, Paris, December 14, 1987, no. 24", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "December 14, 1987", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Matthiesen Fine Art (London, England), sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1987-1988", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1988-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The skull beside Mary symbolizes the fleeting nature of life and ultimate worthlessness of material possessions.", "description": "Simon Vouet worked in Rome for several years before he was summoned back to France in 1627 to serve as court painter to King Louis XIII. This painting, executed soon after his return, reveals how skillfully Vouet adapted his Italian experiences to local tastes: the focus on a single monumental figure, positioned close to the picture plane, reflects the influence of Caravaggio, but the vivid pastel colors accord with the French preference for a brighter palette. Representations of the penitent Magdalene as a hermit\u2014expressing Christian devotion but also sensuality\u2014were exceedingly popular in the 1600s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60476212"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1988.108-saint-mary-magdalen"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Picart, Yves. <em>La vie et l'\u0153vre de Simon Vouet</em>. Paris, France: Cahiers de Paris, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50; Reproduced p. 61, no. 137, vol. II", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dargent, Georgette. \"La Madeleine dans l'Oeuvre de Simon Vouet.\" <em>Bulletin de</em> <em>Socie\u0301te\u0301 de l'Histoire de l'Art Franc\u0327ais </em>1959: 31-40.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 34, 38-40", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crelly, William. <em>The Painting of Simon Vouet</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p, 54; Reproduced: p. 216, no. 140, fig. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bardon, Francoise. \"Le Theme de la Madeleine Penitente au XVIIeme siecle en France,\" <em>Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes </em>XXXI (1968).", "page_number": "p. 277, n. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brejon de Lavergnee, Arnauld. \"Four New Paintings by Simon Vouet,: <em>Burlington magazine </em>CXXIV no 959 (November 1982).", "page_number": "p. 686", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler, Ann Percy, and Bernardo Cavallino. <em>Bernardo Cavallino of Naples, 1616-1656.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1984.", "page_number": "p. 189, cat. no. 69", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Duret-Rpbert, Francois, \"Derniers Succes, Derniers Revers,\" <em>Connaissance des Arts </em>no. 432 (February 1988).", "page_number": "p. 29, fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cThe Year in Review for 1988.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 76, no. 2 (February 1989): 30\u201375. <a href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160061\"><br></a>", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 36; Mentioned: p. 69, no. 23", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25160061"}, {"citation": "\"Recent Acquisitions at the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>Vol CXXXIII No. 1054 (January 1991).", "page_number": "p. 63, no. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Brejon de Lavergnee, Arnauld, \"Vouet at the Grand Palais,\" Exhibition Review, <em>The Burlington Magazine </em>CXXXIII (February 1991).", "page_number": "p. 139, under no. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutchler. \"The Repentant Madgalene by Simone Vouet.\" <em>The Bulletin of The Cleveland Museum of Art LXXX</em>, no. 4 (April, 1993): 158-163.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 158, Detail p. 162", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ramon, Artur. <em>Nada es bello sin el azar: quince episodios sobre pintura</em>. Barcelona, Spain: Elba, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 71, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chamska, Isabelle, Marie Paule Botte, Magali Briat-Philippe, and Pierre-Gilles Girault. <em>Marie Madeleine: la passion re\u0301ve\u0301le\u0301e.</em> Saint-\u00c9tienne, France: IAC \u00c9ditions d\u2019Art, 2016. p. 153", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 153", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1988.108", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.108/1988.108_web.jpg", "width": "706", "height": "893", "filesize": "363198", "filename": "1988.108_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.108/1988.108_print.jpg", "width": "2689", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5416159", "filename": "1988.108_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.108/1988.108_full.tif", "width": "4746", "height": "6000", "filesize": "85460072", "filename": "1988.108_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.108/1988.108_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "761", "height": "900", "filesize": "278484"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.108/1988.108_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1446", "height": "1710", "filesize": "1022479"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1988.108/1988.108_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1446", "height": "1710", "filesize": "7447348"}, "date_created": "2001-10-29T13:45:24", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Donna and James Reid Gallery", "athena_id": 153927, "creators": [{"id": 1994, "description": "Simon Vouet (French, 1590\u20131649)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1590", "death_year": "1649", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1988-11-30T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1625, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1630", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mary Magdalen Repentant"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 11:24:19.250000"}, {"id": 155057, "accession_number": "1989.73", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Bell-Krater (Mixing Vessel): Bust of Dionysos and Comic Actors (A); Dionysos, Satyr, Maenad (B), c. 390\u2013380 BCE. Attributed to Choregos Painter (South Italian, Apulian, active c. 390\u2013380 BCE). Ceramic; overall: 38 cm (14 15/16 in.); diameter of rim: 40.3 cm (15 7/8 in.); diameter of foot: 18.4 cm (7 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1989.73", "current_location": "102D Pre-Roman", "title": "Red-Figure Bell-Krater (Mixing Vessel): Bust of Dionysos and Comic Actors (A); Dionysos, Satyr, Maenad (B)", "creation_date": "c. 390\u2013380 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -395, "creation_date_latest": -375, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["South Italian, Apulian"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - South Italy", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 38 cm (14 15/16 in.); Diameter of rim: 40.3 cm (15 7/8 in.); Diameter of foot: 18.4 cm (7 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.38, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "diameter of rim": {"width": 0.403, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "diameter of foot": {"width": 0.184, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311440, "title": "Notable Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Notable Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 15, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 217092, "title": "The Art of Ancient Greek Theater", "description": "<i>The Art of Ancient Greek Theater</i>. Getty Villa, Pacific Palisades, CA (August 26, 2010-January 3, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-08-26T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1989-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The large bust of Dionysos may represent a stage prop or symbolize the multifaceted god.", "description": "Dionysos, the god of wine, theater, and the mysteries, dominates both sides of this bell-krater, a vessel for mixing water and wine. On the front, he appears in bust form, wearing a fillet and laurel wreath. Over his shoulder and behind his head rests his <em>thyrsos</em>, sprouting grapevines. Comic actors, identifiable by their masks and padded costumes, flank the colossal bust, stretching for a bunch of grapes on the left and holding a large <em>skyphos </em>(wine cup) on the right. On the reverse, Dionysos marches in procession with his retinue, a satyr and maenad.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60750590"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.73-red-figure-bell-krat"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 1002927", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/024DCCAF-5F06-4196-A398-837ADF9BA2A0"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n23"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H., et al. \"Notable Acquisitions.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 78, no. 3 (1991): 63-147.", "page_number": "p. 73 (entry by A. Kozloff).", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25161319"}, {"citation": "\"Recent Acquisitions at the Cleveland Museum of Art 1: Departments of Western Art: Supplement.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 133, no. 1054 (1991).", "page_number": "pp. 63-68", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/884642"}, {"citation": "Trendall, A. D., Alexander Cambitoglou, and A. D. Trendall. <em>Second Supplement to The Red-Figured Vases of Apulia.</em> London: University of London, Institute of Classical Studies, 1991.", "page_number": "Postscript 495, no. 1/125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trendall, Dale. \"A New Early Apulian Phlyax Vase.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 1 (1992).", "page_number": "pp. 2-15, cover", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25161344"}, {"citation": "Taplin, O. 1994. \"The Beauty of the Ugly: Reflections of Comedy in the Fleischman Collection,\" in <em>A Passion for Antiquities: Ancient Art from the Collection of Barbara and Lawrence Fleischman </em>(Malibu, Calif: J. Paul Getty Museum in association with the Cleveland Museum of Art): 15-27.", "page_number": "See p. 25, Fig. 5.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer, and Gisela Walberg. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, OH]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "p. 50-51, pl. 92-93", "url": null}, {"citation": "Easterling, P. E., and Edith Hall. <em>Greek and Roman Actors: Aspects of an Ancient Profession.</em> Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2002.", "page_number": "p. vii", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hart, Mary Louise, and J. Michael Walton.<em> The Art of Ancient Greek Theater.</em> Los Angeles, Calif: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2010.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 3, pp. 16-17, 107, no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heuer, Keely Elizabeth. 2015. \"Vases with Faces: Isolated Heads in South Italian Vase Painting.\" <em>Metropolitan Museum Journal</em>, 50: 63-91.", "page_number": "See p. 84, n. 69.", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/26455351"}, {"citation": "Trendall, A. D. <em>Myth, Drama and Style in South Italian Vase-Painting: Selected Papers. </em>Uppsala : \u00c5str\u00f6ms f\u00f6rlag,2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 113, fig. 1, 2; p. 115, fig. 3; P. 116-117, fig. 6, 7, 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Todisco, Luigi. \u201cNoterella sul Cratere Cleveland, Museum of Art,1989.73.\u201d <em>Archeologia Classica</em> 70 (2019): 567\u201374", "page_number": "", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/27119331"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.73", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "323070", "filename": "1989.73_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5098143", "filename": "1989.73_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_full.tif", "width": "4393", "height": "5685", "filesize": "74959776", "filename": "1989.73_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "317390"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4488218"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4211", "height": "5450", "filesize": "68885472"}, "date_created": "2009-04-15T18:08:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "306771"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4408287"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4343", "height": "5620", "filesize": "73257624"}, "date_created": "2009-04-15T18:35:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "325917"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4458133"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4384", "height": "5674", "filesize": "74658728"}, "date_created": "2009-04-15T19:00:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "805", "height": "893", "filesize": "453062"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1703", "filesize": "1727799"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.73/1989.73_alt3_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1703", "filesize": "7850332"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. 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Germany (?). Steel; wood and leather grip; overall: 104.2 cm (41 in.); blade: 87.3 cm (34 3/8 in.); quillions: 20.3 cm (8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1600", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Sword", "creation_date": "1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1499, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany (?)"], "technique": "steel; wood and leather grip", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 104.2 cm (41 in.); Blade: 87.3 cm (34 3/8 in.); Quillions: 20.3 cm (8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"length": 1.042, "length_inch": 41, "length_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "blade": {"length": 0.873, "length_inch": 34, "length_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "quillions": {"width": 0.203, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304213, "title": "Gothic Art 1360-1440", "description": "<i>Gothic Art 1360-1440</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 6-September 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-08-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211267, "title": "The Book of Kings:  Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible", "description": "<i>The Book of Kings:  Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (October 27-December 29, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-10-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Franz Thill (1830-1903), Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber, Boston (1849-1941), MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The unornamented surfaces and signs of use on this sword and those similar to it lead us to believe that they were used in battle. Despite their utilitarian purpose, the blacksmith added details to the handles and hilts to make them visually appealing.", "description": "During medieval times, everyday objects carried deep spiritual meanings. The knight's sword was perceived as the noblest of weapons because its shape symbolized the cross on which Christ died.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779781"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1600-sword"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Catalogue of Arms and Armour. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 559", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 85, E2; Reproduced: Plate XIX, E2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n124"}, {"citation": "\"Sword.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 11</em>, no. 3 (March 1924): 51-70", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 62-63; Reproduced: P. 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 36", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n43"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 129, p. 188", "url": null}, {"citation": "Louis, William Noel, and Daniel H. Weiss.<em> The Book of Kings: Art, War and the Morgan Library's Medieval Picture Bible.</em> Baltimore: Walters Art Museum, 2002.", "page_number": "cat. no. 28, p. 93, 187, fig. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 110, 170, cat. no. 163", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1600", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_web.jpg", "width": "428", "height": "900", "filesize": "106174", "filename": "1916.1600_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_print.jpg", "width": "1615", "height": "3400", "filesize": "343127", "filename": "1916.1600_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_full.tif", "width": "5342", "height": "11246", "filesize": "180251880", "filename": "1916.1600_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "426", "height": "900", "filesize": "106292"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1610", "height": "3400", "filesize": "336280"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5342", "height": "11279", "filesize": "180780804"}, "date_created": "2022-04-06T15:14:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "839", "height": "900", "filesize": "163670"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3169", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1256289"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9460", "height": "10148", "filesize": "288025260"}, "date_created": "2022-04-06T15:44:56", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "839", "height": "900", "filesize": "162451"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3169", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1234315"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt2_full.tif", "width": "9460", "height": "10148", "filesize": "288025252"}, "date_created": "2022-04-06T15:47:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "889", "height": "900", "filesize": "457643"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1778", "height": "1801", "filesize": "1417540"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt3_full.tif", "width": "1778", "height": "1801", "filesize": "9635084"}, "date_created": "2022-04-06T15:40:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "755", "filesize": "352120"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2229", "height": "1869", "filesize": "1608222"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt4_full.tif", "width": "2229", "height": "1869", "filesize": "12524992"}, "date_created": "2022-04-06T15:50:32", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "697", "filesize": "162990"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2632", "filesize": "1162747"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt5_full.tif", "width": "4668", "height": "3613", "filesize": "50621412"}, "date_created": "2020-04-02T17:45:42", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "1154", "height": "893", "filesize": "553816"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2632", "filesize": "5947351"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1600/1916.1600_alt6_full.tif", "width": "4668", "height": "3613", "filesize": "50618212"}, "date_created": "2010-10-22T18:08:42", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 95900, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:09:38.020000"}, {"id": 117918, "accession_number": "1938.7", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Dish with Falcon Attacking a Water Bird, 1100s. Syria, possibly Tell Minis, Zangid (1127\u20131251) or Ayyubid period (1171\u20131260). Fritware with carved decoration and underglaze design, Lakabi ware; overall: 8.3 x 40 cm (3 1/4 x 15 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1938.7", "current_location": "116 Islamic", "title": "Dish with Falcon Attacking a Water Bird", "creation_date": "1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1199, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Syria, possibly Tell Minis, Zangid (1127\u20131251) or Ayyubid period (1171\u20131260)"], "technique": "Fritware with carved decoration and underglaze design, Lakabi ware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 8.3 x 40 cm (3 1/4 x 15 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.083, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.4, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312068, "title": "For Modern America from the Ancient Near East", "description": "<i>For Modern America from the Ancient Near East</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 24-March 21, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-02-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355703, "title": "Persian Decorative Art", "description": "<i>Persian Decorative Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 15-March 16, 1952).", "opening_date": "1952-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 396857, "title": "Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)", "description": "<i>Art of the Islamic World (Islamic art rotation)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (May 21, 2021-May 31, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-05-21T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Wells Objects of Art, Inc., New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131938", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1938\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sanctioned by the Qur'an (5:4-6), falconry was for many centuries a favorite sport of Muslim rulers.", "description": "The development of fritware in the Islamic world revolutionized ceramic production and was likely influenced by the import of Chinese porcelain. Fritware was largely made of quartz with small amounts of crushed glass and fine clay in order to produce a white body. The carved surface with raised outlines allowed glazes of different colors to be side by side without running together when fired.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60757538"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1938.7-dish-with-falcon-att"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"Two Iranian Pottery Bowls.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>25, no. 3 (March 1938): 43\u201349", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 44; Reproduced: p. 47", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137914"}, {"citation": "\"Au Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Mouseion. </em>(Avril 1938).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 13\u201314", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 698", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n128"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n235"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 211", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n235"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 267", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n287"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 27; Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 29 and color plate 29 (after p. 22)", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1938.7", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.7/1938.7_web.jpg", "width": "928", "height": "893", "filesize": "139225", "filename": "1938.7_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.7/1938.7_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3271", "filesize": "1585656", "filename": "1938.7_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.7/1938.7_full.tif", "width": "6131", "height": "5900", "filesize": "108541672", "filename": "1938.7_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.7/1938.7_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "586", "filesize": "53591"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.7/1938.7_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1577", "filesize": "306317"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1938.7/1938.7_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4588", "height": "2129", "filesize": "29329304"}, "date_created": "2012-09-20T17:18:17", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 117918, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1938-01-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1100s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pottery Bowl"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:06:19.943000"}, {"id": 121288, "accession_number": "1942.1159", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of Sandford Peacocke, 1801. William Wood (British, c. 1768\u20131809). Watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with glazed reverse; framed: 8.6 x 7.3 cm (3 3/8 x 2 7/8 in.); sight: 8 x 6.7 cm (3 1/8 x 2 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1942.1159", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of Sandford Peacocke", "creation_date": "1801", "creation_date_earliest": 1801, "creation_date_latest": 1801, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, early 19th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a gold frame with glazed reverse", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 8.6 x 7.3 cm (3 3/8 x 2 7/8 in.); Sight: 8 x 6.7 cm (3 1/8 x 2 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.086, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.073, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}, "sight": {"height": 0.08, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.067, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed on back:  By Will. Wood of Cork Strt. / Lond. / Wood", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311503, "title": "Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America", "description": "<i>Intimate Images: Portrait Miniatures from Europe and America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 26-October 17, 1993).", "opening_date": "1993-03-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "<i>Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main European Rotation (Gallery 202)</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012). [Verso on display]", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1929", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-1942", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1942-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Sandford Peacocke was married in 1801 and by 1802 was serving in the British military in Jamaica. It may have been for these occasions that the miniature was painted.", "description": "William Wood worked primarily in London and exhibited over 100 miniatures at the Royal Academy, where he began his training at the age of 16. His portraits of men in particular are regarded as highly refined and remarkably sensitive psychological studies. While Wood is known to have copied miniatures by Richard Cosway (1742\u20131821), George Engleheart (1752\u20131829), and John Smart (1741\u20131811), his distinctive style can be observed in the network of small dots and dashes of paint that follow the contours of a sitter\u2019s face. In addition to portrait miniatures, Wood executed a number of eye miniatures and became increasingly interested in watercolor landscapes during the years preceding his death in 1810. He signed his miniatures on the paper backing, often with the sitter\u2019s name or initials, Wood\u2019s studio location, and the year. The fact that the artist signed his work on the back rather than the front has contributed to making his miniatures harder to identify immediately, an issue complicated by his aptitude for imitating a variety of styles employed by his fellow miniaturists.<br><br>Historians have rare insight into Wood\u2019s working process due to the survival of his four-volume ledger that documents 1,211 miniatures painted by the artist between 1790 and 1808; the ledger is now in the collection of the National Art Library at the Victoria and Albert Museum. The entries are remarkably thorough, frequently including information about when a work was begun and completed, its size, the colors used and their durability, the sitter\u2019s costume, and the price charged. From 1794, Wood also attached tracings of many of the miniatures to the ledger entries. Along with the careful notes he kept, these tracings would have facilitated the making of copies or revisions, which were evidently performed with some frequency when a sitter desired a change in hairstyle or costume; the promotion of an officer necessitated an alteration of his uniform; or a miniature\u2019s pigments proved fugitive. Wood usually used numbers to refer to the colors applied in a work, but no key for them exists, and their identity often remains a mystery.<br><br>The entry for this portrait is characteristically complete and notes that the sitter was residing at Devonshire Street in London. It contains an attached tracing of the miniature and records that the portrait was begun on March 25, 1801, finished on April 11, and delivered July 29. Wood\u2019s miniatures were often delivered days after they were completed, so it is noteworthy that this work was not relinquished by Wood for more than three months after its completion. Moreover, it was received not by the sitter or a family member but by a \u201cGeneral Stuart,\u201d whose relationship to Peacocke is unknown.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80017102"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.1159-portrait-of-sandford"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Williamson, George Charles. <em>The Miniature Collector; A Guide for the Amateur Collector of Portrait Miniatures</em>. New York, NY: Dodd, Mead &amp; Co, 1921.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 289", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. Portrait Miniatures: T<em>he Edward B. Greene Collection.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1951.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 32, no. 48, pl. XXII", "url": "https://archive.org/details/PortraitMiniatures/page/n69"}, {"citation": "Schidlof, Leo R. <em>The Miniature in Europe in the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Centuries</em>. Graz: Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, 1964.", "page_number": "vol. 2, p. 889", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne.<em> Miniatures: Dictionary and Guide</em>. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Antique Collectors' Club, 1987.", "page_number": "pp. 384\u201387", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 206", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto. <em>Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives.</em> 2013.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.81", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. <em>British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>2013.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 69, pp. 263-265", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.1159", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "148195", "filename": "1942.1159_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1450164", "filename": "1942.1159_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_full.tif", "width": "10522", "height": "10522", "filesize": "332165432", "filename": "1942.1159_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "161900"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1931203"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt0_full.tif", "width": "10522", "height": "10522", "filesize": "332165616"}, "date_created": "2025-08-15T16:45:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "84001"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "926542"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022164"}, "date_created": "2013-02-06T18:53:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "84467"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1006899"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022068"}, "date_created": "2013-02-06T18:46:09", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "688", "height": "893", "filesize": "399870"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2620", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4474151"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3311", "height": "4297", "filesize": "42712652"}, "date_created": "2008-10-07T17:51:38", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "706", "height": "893", "filesize": "417365"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2689", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4931810"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.1159/1942.1159_alt4_full.tif", "width": "4326", "height": "5470", "filesize": "71021452"}, "date_created": "2008-01-03T15:56:32", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 121288, "creators": [{"id": 3757, "description": "William Wood (British, c. 1768\u20131809)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1768", "death_year": "1809", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-12-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1801, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1801", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:14:58.918000"}, {"id": 128390, "accession_number": "1951.354", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Saint John the Baptist, c. 1475\u201385. Circle of Dieric Bouts (Netherlandish, 1415\u20131475). Oil on wood (grisaille); framed: 126.1 x 88.3 x 7.6 cm (49 5/8 x 34 3/4 x 3 in.); unframed: 102.8 x 65.5 cm (40 1/2 x 25 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the Hanna Fund, 1951.354", "current_location": "112 Northern Renaissance", "title": "Saint John the Baptist", "creation_date": "c. 1475\u201385", "creation_date_earliest": 1470, "creation_date_latest": 1490, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands, Leuven, 15th century"], "technique": "oil on wood (grisaille)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 126.1 x 88.3 x 7.6 cm (49 5/8 x 34 3/4 x 3 in.); Unframed: 102.8 x 65.5 cm (40 1/2 x 25 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.261, "height_inch": 49, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.883, "width_inch": 34, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.076, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "unframed": {"height": 1.028, "height_inch": 40, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.655, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301477, "title": "In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.", "description": "<i>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-April 7, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "St. Lorenzkirche, Cologne (until 1818); Fochem coll., Cologne (1822, when the altar was divided); H. W. Campe, Cologne (Leipzig sale 1827); Duke of Anhalt-Dessau, Schloss W\u00f6rlitz and Dessau (1864, 1925); (Goudstikker, Amsterdam, 1928); Baron Thyssen-Bornemisza, Lugano (1930, sold 1948)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Paintings like this one that are designed to trick the eye are known as trompe-l'\u0153il.", "description": "This panel once formed part of an altarpiece painted for the Church of Saint Laurentius in Cologne. It originally comprised the reverse of the arrest of Christ, now in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich. Another grisaille panel representing Saint John the Evangelist, also in Munich, formed the exterior of the resurrection. The grisaille technique was a monochromatic method utilizing various shades of gray, often in imitation of sculpture, as is the case here. The illusionistic effect suggests a sculpture not set back in a niche, but clearly separated from it to enhance the three-dimensional appearance. Dieric Bouts was born in Haarlem in Holland, but was mainly active in Leuven in the South Netherlands where he was the city painter from 1468. This painting appears to be the work of a close follower.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27096203"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.354-saint-john-the-bapti"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Two Dutch Fifteenth-Century Panels.\"<em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>39, no. 1 (January 1952): 3-6.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 4; Reproduced: p. 9", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141755"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 437", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n80"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n94"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 70", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n94"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 51, p. 142 - 145", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n99"}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952/page/n21/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.354", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.354/1951.354_web.jpg", "width": "572", "height": "893", "filesize": "351084", "filename": "1951.354_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.354/1951.354_print.jpg", "width": "2179", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5541939", "filename": "1951.354_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.354/1951.354_full.tif", "width": "3810", "height": "5944", "filesize": "67970716", "filename": "1951.354_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.354/1951.354_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "584", "height": "893", "filesize": "408691"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.354/1951.354_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1339", "height": "2048", "filesize": "2239692"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.354/1951.354_alt0_full.tif", "width": "1339", "height": "2048", "filesize": "8229732"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of the Hanna Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Lucia Smith Nash Gallery", "athena_id": 128390, "creators": [{"id": 2636, "description": "Dieric Bouts (Netherlandish, 1415\u20131475)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "circle of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1415", "death_year": "1475", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-08-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1470, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1475\u201385", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:37:44.395000"}, {"id": 149149, "accession_number": "1977.72", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Cupid Secretly Drawing an Arrow, 1807. Gilles-Lambert Godecharle (Belgian, 1750\u20131835). Terracotta; overall: 22.8 cm (9 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1977.72", "current_location": "301 Baroque Sculpture Mezzanine", "title": "Cupid Secretly Drawing an Arrow", "creation_date": "1807", "creation_date_earliest": 1807, "creation_date_latest": 1807, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Belgium, Brussels"], "technique": "terracotta", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Sculpture 1800-1960", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 22.8 cm (9 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.228, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed on the edge of the base at right:  \"Godecharle\" and \"1807.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302666, "title": "Year in Review: 1977", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1977</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 28, 1977-January 22, 1978).", "opening_date": "1977-12-28T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310227, "title": "The Persistence of Classicism in Sculpture", "description": "<i>The Persistence of Classicism in Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1988-January 15, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 217162, "title": "L'Espirit Cr\u00e9ateur de Pigalle \u00e0 Canova: Terres cuites europ\u00e9ennes 1740 \u00e0 1840", "description": "<i>L'Espirit Cr\u00e9ateur de Pigalle \u00e0 Canova: Terres cuites europ\u00e9ennes 1740 \u00e0 1840</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (September 15, 2003-January 5, 2004); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (January 30-April 23, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-09-15T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Joseph Henry Fitzhenry [1836-1913], London", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Galerie Georges Petit (Paris). <em>Catalogue des sculptures en marbre, terre cuite, pla\u0302tre des XVIIe, XVIIIe &amp; XIXe sie\u0300cles par ... composant la Collection de M. Marius Paulme</em> ... May 15, 1929.</div>"], "date": "-1913", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, Fitzhenry sale, Feb. 18-21, 1914, no. 499, sold to Lemay)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1914", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Lemay", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->An annotated copy of the Fitzhenry sale catalogue notes that the Godecharle was sold to \"Lemay.\" &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1914\u2013", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Marius Paulme [1863-1928], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1929", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Paulme sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, May 15, 1929, no. 320, possibly sold to Comte de Rivaud)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Possibly Comte de Rivaud", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Handwritten next to the Godecharle in a copy of the 1929 Paulme sale catalogue is the annotation, \"Comte de Rivaud[?]\".&nbsp; It is somewhat unusual for a buyer annotation to include a question mark, and the reasons for the uncertainty are unknown.&nbsp; Comte de Rivaud may be Ren\u00e9 Rivaud de la Raffini\u00e8re (b. 1887) or Olivier Rivaud de la Raffini\u00e8re (1875-1938), both members of a prominent banking family.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1929-", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Sale, Palais Galliera, Paris, Dec. 6, 1972, no. 49", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1972", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(Kunsthandlung Julius B\u00f6hler, Munich, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "Until 1977", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1977\u2013", "sortorder": 9}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Cupid traipses daintily on rose blossoms, ready to shoot his love-filled arrow at an unsuspecting victim.", "description": "This clay model is a maquette for a sculpture in limestone more than three feet tall, entitled <em>Cupid Disguised, Hiding Under a Veil</em>. The motif is borrowed from the <a href=\"https://collections.mfa.org/objects/155692/cameo-with-the-wedding-of-cupid-and-psyche-or-an-initiation?ctx=1f2efc3f-e9d8-4e09-acb1-851ce7ea0c13&amp;idx=1\">Marlborough cameo</a> (an ancient Roman cameo now at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, inv. no. 99.101) that was a source of inspiration for neoclassical artists. The gem illustrates the wedding of Cupid and Psyche\u2014shown as veiled children with protruding wings\u2014from which Godecharle extracted the single figure of Cupid and, instead, depicted him in ambush.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781079"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1977.72-cupid-secretly-drawi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Catalogue des objets d'art ... faiences, porcelaines ... tableaux, livres ... meubles ... dont la vente apre\u0300s de\u0301ce\u0300s de M. Fitzhenry</em>. Feb. 18-21, 1914.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit (Paris). <em>Catalogue des sculptures en marbre, terre cuite, pla\u0302tre des XVIIe, XVIIIe &amp; XIXe sie\u0300cles par ... composant la Collection de M. Marius Paulme</em> ... May 15, 1929.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e Gallie\u0301ra. <em>Objets d'art et de bel ameublement</em>. Dec. 6, 1972.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Kunsthandlung Julius B\u00f6hler, invoice, July 25, 1977, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1977.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 1 (1978): 2-42.", "page_number": "p. 38, cat. no. 9, repr. p. 17", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25159560"}, {"citation": "Draper, James David, and Guilhem Scherf. L'esprit cre\u0301ateur: de Pigalle a\u0300 Canova : terres cuites europe\u0301ennes, 1740-1840. Paris: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 2003.", "page_number": "cat. no. 87, p.208-209", "url": null}, {"citation": "Draper, James David, and Guilhem Scherf. <em>Playing with Fire: European Terracotta Models, 1740-1840</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2004.", "page_number": "cat. no. 87, p. 194-195", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1977.72", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.72/1977.72_web.jpg", "width": "598", "height": "893", "filesize": "249884", "filename": "1977.72_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.72/1977.72_print.jpg", "width": "2275", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3974044", "filename": "1977.72_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.72/1977.72_full.tif", "width": "2821", "height": "4216", "filesize": "35715316", "filename": "1977.72_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.72/1977.72_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "632", "height": "893", "filesize": "257316"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.72/1977.72_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2407", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4155785"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.72/1977.72_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3128", "height": "4419", "filesize": "41502032"}, "date_created": "2008-01-28T16:34:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.72/1977.72_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "635", "height": "893", "filesize": "259062"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.72/1977.72_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2416", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4277614"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1977.72/1977.72_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3132", "height": "4407", "filesize": "41442872"}, "date_created": "2008-01-28T16:38:09", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149149, "creators": [{"id": 13127, "description": "Gilles-Lambert Godecharle (Belgian, 1750\u20131835)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1750", "death_year": "1835", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1977-10-20T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1807, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1807", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:40:34.698000"}, {"id": 149680, "accession_number": "1979.69", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Red-Figure Janiform Kantharos (Two-Sided Head-Shaped Drinking Cup): Satyr and African, c. 470\u2013460 BCE. Assigned to Class K (The Toronto Class). Ceramic; overall: 19.6 x 17.2 cm (7 11/16 x 6 3/4 in.); diameter of base: 8.5 cm (3 3/8 in.); diameter of rim: 15.3 cm (6 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1979.69", "current_location": "102B Greek", "title": "Red-Figure Janiform Kantharos (Two-Sided Head-Shaped Drinking Cup): Satyr and African", "creation_date": "c. 470\u2013460 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -475, "creation_date_latest": -455, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Greek, Attic"], "technique": "ceramic", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 19.6 x 17.2 cm (7 11/16 x 6 3/4 in.); Diameter of base: 8.5 cm (3 3/8 in.); Diameter of rim: 15.3 cm (6 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.196, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.172, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "diameter of base": {"width": 0.085, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "diameter of rim": {"width": 0.153, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1979</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 214564, "title": "The Centaur's Smile:  The Human Animal in Early Greek Art", "description": "<i>The Centaur's Smile:  The Human Animal in Early Greek Art</i>. Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton, NJ (organizer) (October 11, 2003-January 18, 2004); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (February 22-May 16, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-11T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (29 June-5 September 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1979-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This janiform kantharos is unique in juxtaposing heads of a satyr and an African man.", "description": "Combining two mold-made faces beneath a pair of vertical handles and a flaring, wheel-made lip, this unusual drinking cup is a variation of the kantharos, a vessel favored by the wine god Dionysos. A snub nose and equine ears identify the satyr, a relatively common type on such vessels. The glossy black face and red hair on the other side are more unusual, apparently meant to show an older African man, with white beard and eyebrows, and wrinkles around the eyes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758638"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.69-red-figure-janiform"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Beazley Archive. n.d. <em>Beazley Archive Pottery Database</em>. Oxford: Beazley Archive.", "page_number": "BAPD 10160", "url": "http://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/record/1459254D-1C27-4A67-B572-6E45BD56E846"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \"Companions of Dionysus.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 7 (1980): 207-19.", "page_number": "pp. 207-219", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159684"}, {"citation": "\"Annual Report for 1979.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 6 (1980).", "page_number": "p. 166", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159680"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 3 (1980): 58-99.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 2, p. 63; Mentioned: p. 60", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "Cleveland, Ohio. Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 18, fig. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boulter, C. G., Jenifer Neils, and Gisela Walberg. <em>Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum</em>.<em> United States of America. The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971-2000.", "page_number": "p. 40, pl. 78", "url": null}, {"citation": "Padgett, J. Michael, William A. P. Childs, and D. S. Tsiaphake\u0304. <em>The Centaur's Smile: The Human Animal in Early Greek Art</em>. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Art Museum, 2003.", "page_number": "pp. 249-250, cat. 58.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1979.69", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.69/1979.69_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "326698", "filename": "1979.69_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.69/1979.69_print.jpg", "width": "2546", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4469206", "filename": "1979.69_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.69/1979.69_full.tif", "width": "3811", "height": "5089", "filesize": "58203496", "filename": "1979.69_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.69/1979.69_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "682", "height": "893", "filesize": "325468"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.69/1979.69_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2595", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4425485"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.69/1979.69_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3859", "height": "5056", "filesize": "58554280"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:35:29", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.69/1979.69_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "893", "filesize": "310358"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.69/1979.69_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2642", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4410203"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1979.69/1979.69_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3817", "height": "4913", "filesize": "56279732"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:35:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "f39e9d28558b45b5abc505f76afebc23", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/f39e9d28558b45b5abc505f76afebc23", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149680, "creators": [{"id": 379285, "description": "Class K (The Toronto Class)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "assigned to", "role": "artist", "biography": "Attic vase painters", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "-550", "death_year": "-300", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-08-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 470\u2013460 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:39.939000"}, {"id": 152256, "accession_number": "1985.137", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Boxer, 100\u201330 BCE. Greece, Greco-Roman Period, late Ptolemaic Dynasty. Bronze. solid cast, with copper inlays; overall: 21 x 11 cm (8 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1985.137", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Boxer", "creation_date": "100\u201330 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -100, "creation_date_latest": -30, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, Greco-Roman Period, late Ptolemaic Dynasty"], "technique": "bronze. solid cast, with copper inlays", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 21 x 11 cm (8 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.11, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 177737, "title": "Games for the Gods: The Greek Athlete", "description": "<i>Games for the Gods: The Greek Athlete</i>. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (organizer) (July 20-November 28, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-07-20T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA/Los Angeles/Boston 1988-89, pp. 147-50, no. 24 (entry by Marion True)", "opening_date": "1988-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (7/20/2004 - 11/28/2004): \"Games for the Gods: The Greek Athlete\"", "opening_date": "2004-07-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1985\u2014", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The long topknot (<em>cirrus</em>) identifies this athlete as a hand-to-hand fighter, most likely a boxer.", "description": "This boxer raises his arms to pull tight the thongs (now lost) that Greek and Roman boxers wound around their hands for protection. The sinuous body curve and long proportions are characteristic of the late Hellenistic period, when artists created more elongated versions of athletes and other classical figures.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749456"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.137-wrestler", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.137-boxer"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Antiquit\u00e9s \u00c9gyptiennes Grecques et Romaines Vente \u00e0 Paris, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Salles Nos 9 et 10 le Lundi 17, Mardi 18 et Mercredi 19 Juin 1912 \u00e0 Deux Heures Precises</em>. Paris: H\u00f4tel Drouot, 1912.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50, no 433; Reproduced: plates 52-3", "url": "https://ia802601.us.archive.org/0/items/collectionsdefeu00htel/collectionsdefeu00htel.pdf"}, {"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit, F. Lair-Dubreuil, Jacob Hirsch, Meyer-Riefstahl, and Jules Fe\u0301ral. <em>Catalogue des objets d'art et de haute curiosite\u0301, de l'antiquite\u0301, du moyen a\u0302ge, de la renaissance, et autres, fai\u0308ences italiennes, terres e\u0301maille\u0301es des Robbia, porcelaines de Saxe, ivoires, objets varie\u0301s, bijoux, bois sculpte\u0301s, marbres, pierres, terres cuites, bronzes italiens, sculptures e\u0301gyptiennes et grecques en marbre, terres cuites et bronzes grecs et romains, fai\u0308ences orientales, importante se\u0301rie de Rhage\u0300s, manuscrits persans, sculptures et peintures chinoises, bronze de Mossoul, tableaux anciens des e\u0301coles primitives, de la renaissance et du XVIIIe sie\u0300cle, \u0153uvres de H. Met de Bles, Pater, etc., pastels par J.B. Liotard: formant la collection de M. Arthur Sambon</em>. 1914.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 21 no. 61; Reproduced: p. 19-20", "url": "https://archive.org/details/objetsdartetdeha00unse/page/n43/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1985.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 2 (1986): 26-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 62; Reproduced: p. 38", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159930"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P., David Gordon Mitten, and Suzannah Fabing. <em>The Gods Delight: The Human Figure in Classical Bronze</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 147-50; Reproduced: p. 148-9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. Classical Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection, The Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland: The Museum, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 15 fig. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 476-7", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herrmann, John J., and Christine Kondoleon. <em>Games for the Gods: The Greek Athlete and the Olympic Spirit</em>. Boston, Mass: MFA Publications, a division of the Museum of Fine Arts, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 178; Reproduced: p. 102, no. 67", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.137", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_web.jpg", "width": "532", "height": "893", "filesize": "202345", "filename": "1985.137_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_print.jpg", "width": "2024", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3432461", "filename": "1985.137_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_full.tif", "width": "3584", "height": "6022", "filesize": "64781816", "filename": "1985.137_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "463", "height": "893", "filesize": "168372"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1763", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2898239"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3145", "height": "6066", "filesize": "57264872"}, "date_created": "2008-04-23T12:56:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "494", "height": "893", "filesize": "173089"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1882", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2911064"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3397", "height": "6137", "filesize": "62574288"}, "date_created": "2008-04-23T13:22:19", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "551", "height": "893", "filesize": "210430"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2099", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3413020"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.137/1985.137_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3802", "height": "6158", "filesize": "70270628"}, "date_created": "2008-04-23T13:09:22", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152256, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-11-13T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "100\u201330 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:45:41.437000"}, {"id": 127235, "accession_number": "1949.551", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Peasant Girl with Dog, c. 1894. Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919). Red chalk; sheet: 31 x 24.1 cm (12 3/16 x 9 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1949.551", "current_location": null, "title": "Peasant Girl with Dog", "creation_date": "c. 1894", "creation_date_earliest": 1889, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "red chalk", "support_materials": [{"description": "ivory modern laid paper,  discolored", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 31 x 24.1 cm (12 3/16 x 9 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.31, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.241, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in red chalk: Renoir ; verso, upper left, in graphite: 8 ; upper left, in graphite: 41 x 50 ; lower left, on paper strip mounted to sheet, in graphite: 77", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301184, "title": "Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition", "description": "<i>Department of Prints and Drawings Opening Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (March 3, 1958-October 11, 1959).", "opening_date": "1958-03-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518710, "title": "19th Century Master Drawings", "description": "<i>19th Century Master Drawings</i>. Newark Museum, Newark, NJ (organizer) (March 16-April 30, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361386, "title": "19th and 20th Century Drawings", "description": "<i>19th and 20th Century Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 19-March 24, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304726, "title": "French Drawings", "description": "<i>French Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1965-February 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1965-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351191, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 11-October 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-06-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309571, "title": "The Impressionist Aesthetic", "description": "<i>The Impressionist Aesthetic</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 10-October 31, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-08-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311433, "title": "Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing: 1750-1988</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 2-August 4, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-04-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 200460, "title": "Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris", "description": "<i>Mary Cassatt and the Feminine Ideal in 19th-Century Paris</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (October 14, 2012-January 20, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-10-04T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Nineteenth Century Master Drawings. </em>Newark Museum (March 16 - April 30, 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-03-16T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Renoir, Degas</em>. Charles E. Slatkin Galleries, New York (November 7 - December 6, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-11-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Ein Jahrhundert Franz\u00f6sischer Zeichnung</em>. Paul Cassirer, Berlin (December 1929 - January 1930).", "opening_date": "1929-12-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Max Silberberg, Breslau", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1920-after 1929", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(possibly Paul Cassirer, Berlin)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1929-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Jacques Seligmann & Co., New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1949", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1949-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The art historian John Rewald supposedly called this work \"one of the two or three most beautiful Renoir drawings in America.\"", "description": "During the last decades of his career, Renoir worked prolifically in red chalk, which was used to develop a loose and sketchy style. In this drawing, the artist attempted to recapture the spontaneity that characterized Impressionist art a few decades earlier. By showing a young girl seated resting peacefully alongside a bale of hay, he idealized rural French life.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60752500"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1949.551-peasant-girl-with-do"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Vollard, Ambroise. <em>La vie et l\u2019oeuvre de Pierre-Auguste Renoir</em>. Paris: Vollard, 1919.", "page_number": "Reproduced: frontispiece", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meier-Graefe, Julius. <em>Auguste Renoir</em>. Munich: R. Piper &amp; Co., 1920.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meier-Graefe, Julius. <em>Renoir</em>. Leipzig: Klinkhardt &amp; Biermann, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 443, no. 238; Reproduced: pl. 238", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Ein Jahrhundert Franz\u00f6sischer Zeichnung</em>. Exh. Cat. Berlin: Paul Cassirer, 1929.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 80, no. 93", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, April - June 1953.\" <em>Art Quarterly</em> 16 (Winter 1953).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 353", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 607", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n113"}, {"citation": "<em>Renoir, Degas: A Loan Exhibition of Drawings, Pastels, Sculptures</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Charles E. Slatkin Galleries, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 62; Reproduced: pl. XLII", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Nineteenth Century Master Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. Newark: Newark Museum, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n201"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n201"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n239"}, {"citation": "Pharisien, Bernard. <em>Renoir de vigne en vin \u00e0 Essoyes</em>. Bar-sur-Aube: Nemont, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guillaume, Lamia.<em> Un autre Renoir. </em>Exh. Cat. Troyes: Mus\u00e9e d'art moderne de la ville de Troyes, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1949.551", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_web.jpg", "width": "701", "height": "893", "filesize": "551813", "filename": "1949.551_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1976", "filesize": "1779834", "filename": "1949.551_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1976", "filesize": "9108756", "filename": "1949.551_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "692", "height": "893", "filesize": "532380"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2633", "height": "3400", "filesize": "8226509"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4795", "height": "6191", "filesize": "89094620"}, "date_created": "2010-08-05T15:45:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "691", "height": "893", "filesize": "352604"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2630", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6368586"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4772", "height": "6168", "filesize": "88326728"}, "date_created": "2010-08-05T15:52:24", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "694", "height": "893", "filesize": "598304"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1976", "filesize": "2963622"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1949.551/1949.551_alt2_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1976", "filesize": "9108756"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 127235, "creators": [{"id": 1765, "description": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Renoir's parents, a tailor and a dressmaker, moved their family to Paris in 1844. At age thirteen Renoir apprenticed with the porcelain decorators Levy Fr\u00e8res &amp; Cie. He earned money by painting fans, blinds, and murals for caf\u00e9s. In 1860 he registered to copy Old Master paintings in the Louvre and, the following year, entered the studio of Charles Gleyre (1806-1874), where he met Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Monet (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.). In 1862 he was also accepted at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. With his friends from Gleyre's studio, he began working en plein air and, during a visit to the forest of Fontainebleau, was introduced to Diaz de la Pe\u00f1a (q.v.). After a failed attempt in 1863, Renoir's first painting was accepted at the Salon of 1864, the same year he painted Cleveland's portrait of Romaine Lacaux. More typical of this early period, however, is the painting Diana the Huntress (1867, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), which reveals Courbet's (q.v.) influence. Around 1867 Renoir shared a studio with Bazille and Monet, the latter becoming an important influence on his art. Renoir and Monet's comparable impressionist style during this period is evident in two paintings each made at La grenouill\u00e8re (all four titled La grenouill\u00e8re, 1869: Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, and Pushkin Museum, Moscow [Renoir]; National Gallery, London, and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York [Monet]),1 a bathing establishment on the Seine. After Renoir's military service during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), Monet introduced him to the dealer Durand-Ruel, who began purchasing his works. Renoir's submissions to the Salon were regularly refused, which encouraged him to participate in the first impressionist exhibition in 1874 and the 1875 auction at H\u00f4tel Drouot, where his works were ridiculed by the critics. At the third impressionist exhibition in 1877, he showed Ball at the Moulin de la Galette (1876, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris), in which he addressed a subject of modern life, one of his most characteristic impressionist paintings on a grand scale, with a rich pattern of light and shadow. In 1878 he returned to the Salon and became quite successful, establishing his reputation as a portraitist (1878, Mme Charpentier and her Children, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). He continued to use this official venue for the next several years, declining to exhibit with the impressionists. This decision was partly generated by the fact that his newfound clientele would be more appreciative of his participating in the Salon. He was supported by his patrons, particularly the Charpentiers, owners of a publishing house, whose journal La vie moderne furthered Renoir's reputation. After a trip to North Africa and Italy in 1881, he joined C\u00e9zanne at L'Estaque. Throughout the 1880s and 1890s Renoir traveled extensively through Brittany, Normandy, Provence, and Spain. In the mid-1880s he began to experiment with more linear contours, the application of thinner paint layers, and smoother brush strokes. This so-called Ingresque period, which had a very mixed reception, lasted for about six years. He then reflected upon the achievements of the Old Masters and favored a more fluid style, after which he returned to using broader brush strokes and more vibrant colors. In 1886 he was given a one-man show by Durand-Ruel. By 1900 Renoir was an established artist: he became Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1900 and four years later was honored at the Salon d'Automne with a gallery devoted to his works. Beginning in 1912 he suffered from rheumatism and began using a wheelchair, yet he continued to work until the end of his life. He now often stayed in southern France, where he owned property in Cagnes-sur-Mer. Renoir regularly exhibited his works at the Durand-Ruel and Bernheim-Jeune galleries in Paris, as well as elsewhere in Europe and in the United States.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1841", "death_year": "1919", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1949-12-23T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1889, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1894", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Siesta"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:33:29.252000"}, {"id": 135265, "accession_number": "1958.28", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Stefanina Primicile Carafa, Marchioness of Cicerale and Duchess of Montejasi, c. 1875. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Oil on fabric; framed: 67.6 x 58.4 x 6 cm (26 5/8 x 23 x 2 3/8 in.); unframed: 49 x 39.4 cm (19 5/16 x 15 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr., 1958.28", "current_location": null, "title": "Stefanina Primicile Carafa, Marchioness of Cicerale and Duchess of Montejasi", "creation_date": "c. 1875", "creation_date_earliest": 1870, "creation_date_latest": 1880, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 67.6 x 58.4 x 6 cm (26 5/8 x 23 x 2 3/8 in.); Unframed: 49 x 39.4 cm (19 5/16 x 15 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.676, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.584, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.06, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.49, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.394, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304248, "title": "Style, Truth and the Portrait", "description": "<i>Style, Truth and the Portrait</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 1-November 19, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338874, "title": "Small Paintings from Famous Collections", "description": "<i>Small Paintings from Famous Collections</i>. Taft Museum of Art, Cincinnati, OH (organizer) (April 4-June 7, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-04-04T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 338956, "title": "Degas: The Portraits", "description": "<i>Degas: The Portraits</i>. Kunsthaus Z\u00fcrich, Zurich, Switzerland (organizer) (December 2, 1994-March 3, 1995); K\u00fcnsthalle Tubingen, D-72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany (March 18-June 18, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-02T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 540045, "title": "Napoli Ottocento", "description": "<i>Napoli Ottocento</i>. Scuderie del Quirinale, Rome, Italy (organizer) (March 26-June 16, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-03-26T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>French Art of the Nineteenth Century, Paintings, Prints, Drawings</em>. Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, MA (1942).", "opening_date": "1942-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Collectors' Choice; Masterpieces of French Art from New York Private Collections.</em> Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co., New York, NY (1953).", "opening_date": "1953-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Pictures Collected by Yale Alumni</em>. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT (1956).", "opening_date": "1956-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>A Loan Exhibition of 19th and 20th Century French Paintings-Masterpieces Recalled</em>. Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co., New York, NY (1957).", "opening_date": "1957-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Carafa Family, Naples, Italy", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Mrs. Millicent A. Rogers [1902-1953], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Paul Rosenberg & Co., New York, NY, June 25, 1951, sold to Leonard C. Hanna Jr.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1942-1951", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr., [1889-1957], Cleveland, OH, bequeathed to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-1958", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1958-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Degas was a Parisian by birth, but had family connections around the world, including New Orleans and Italy. In this portrait Degas's aunt, who was a titled member of the aristocracy in southwestern Italy, is captured in loose, flowing strokes with her mourning dress and watery-eyed gaze.", "description": "Although best remembered for his depictions of ballet dancers and race horses, Degas painted many likenesses of his family members. He probably painted this portrait of his aunt, Stefania Carafa (1819\u20131901), during an extended visit to Naples, where many of his relatives lived. Described in family papers as a highly indulged, fun-loving child, the duchess grew into the stoic, world-weary woman depicted here. No expensive finery reveals her high social rank; indeed she wears a mourning dress, possibly to observe the recent death of her brother Achille.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60465071"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1958.28-stefanina-primicile"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Frankfurter, Alfred M. \"Collectors and Million-Dollar Taste.\"<em> ARTnews </em>52 (March 1953): 24-25.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. <em>The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland</em>. Thesis M.A. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Reproduced: v. 2, p. 72", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>In Memoriam: Leonard C. Hanna, Jr.</em> Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Great Show of French Masters.\" Life 45, no. 8 (August 25, 1958): 41-48.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 43", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Annual Report.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> XLVI, no. 6 (June 1959): 109-158.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland. <em>Portraits by Degas</em>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "Saisselin, R\u00e9my G. <em>Style, Truth, and the Portrait.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1963.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland. \"Edgar Degas and Naples.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 105 (June 1963): 273-276.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 275, fig. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mastai, M. L. D. \u201cPortraiture from Titian to Degas at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Connoisseur</em> 154 (October 1963): 133\u201334.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 134", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman. \"Style, Truth, and the Portrait.\" <em>Art in America</em> 51, no. 5 (October 1963): 28-29.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"The Artist's View of Man: Portraiture Through Four Centuries.\" <em>Illustrated London News </em>243 (October 5, 1963): 521.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 521", "url": null}, {"citation": "Conlan, Barnett D. \"Report From Paris.\" <em>Pictures on Exhibit</em> 27, no. 2 (November 1963): 34-45.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Berichte.\" <em>Pantheon</em> 22 (1964): 55-57.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n196"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 172", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n196"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 213", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n233"}, {"citation": "Taft Museum. <em>Small Paintings from Famous Collections, [Exhibition], The Taft Museum, April 4 - June 7, 1981</em>. [Cincinnati, Ohio]: [The Museum], 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hanson, Anne Coffin. \"Edward Hopper, American Meaning and French Craft.\" <em>Art Journal</em> 41, no. 2 (1981): 142-49.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 149, no. 20", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brame, Philippe, Theodore Reff, and Paul-Andr\u00e9 Lemoisne. <em>Degas Et Son Oeuvre A Supplement</em>. New York: Garland, 1984.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boggs, Jean Sutherland. <em>Degas: [an Exhibition Held at the] Galeries Nationales Du Grand Palais, Paris, 9 February-16 May 1988, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, 16 June-28 August 1988, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 27 September 1988-8 January 1989</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253, fig. 125", "url": null}, {"citation": "Degas, Edgar, Felix Andreas Baumann, Marianne Karabelnik, and Jean Sutherland Boggs. <em>Degas: Portraits</em>. London: Merrell Holberton, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 98, p. 44-45, 196, 340", "url": null}, {"citation": "D' Argencourt, Louise, and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 212-215", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dwyer Modestini, Dianne, and Mario Modestini. <em>Masterpieces: Based on a Manuscript by Mario Modestini. </em>Fiesole (Firenze) : Cadmo, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 93; Mentioned: p. 94, p. 473", "url": null}, {"citation": "Degas, Edgar, Adriano Pedrosa, Fernando Oliva, and Sofia Borges. Degas: Dance, Politics and Society. 2021, 322.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 322, fig. 282.", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1958.28", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.28/1958.28_web.jpg", "width": "717", "height": "900", "filesize": "207189", "filename": "1958.28_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.28/1958.28_print.jpg", "width": "2707", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3236989", "filename": "1958.28_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.28/1958.28_full.tif", "width": "11124", "height": "13971", "filesize": "466269800", "filename": "1958.28_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.28/1958.28_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "759", "filesize": "238997"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.28/1958.28_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2869", "filesize": "3639267"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.28/1958.28_alt0_full.tif", "width": "14221", "height": "12000", "filesize": "511985876"}, "date_created": "2017-05-08T12:17:33", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.28/1958.28_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "707", "height": "893", "filesize": "422621"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.28/1958.28_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2692", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6846996"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1958.28/1958.28_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4423", "height": "5586", "filesize": "74152700"}, "date_created": "2007-10-17T13:20:37", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Leonard C. Hanna Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135265, "creators": [{"id": 1759, "description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1834", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1958-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1870, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1875", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of the Duchess of Montejasi-Cicerale"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:54:53.220000"}, {"id": 108452, "accession_number": "1926.17", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "May Day, Central Park, 1901. Maurice Prendergast (American, born Newfoundland [now Canada], 1858\u20131924). Watercolor over graphite; sheet: 35.4 x 50.6 cm (13 15/16 x 19 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1926.17", "current_location": null, "title": "May Day, Central Park", "creation_date": "1901", "creation_date_earliest": 1901, "creation_date_latest": 1901, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "watercolor over graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "beige(1) wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - American 19th Century", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 35.4 x 50.6 cm (13 15/16 x 19 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.354, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.506, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, across bottom, in brown ink: Maurice B. Prendergast Central Park. 1901. / New York.; verso, upper left, in graphite: No 22; center, in graphite: May Day Central Park\r\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 354889, "title": "The Maurice Prendergast Memorial Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Maurice Prendergast Memorial Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 15-February 15, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-01-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 360895, "title": "Painting Today and Yesterday in the United States", "description": "<i>Painting Today and Yesterday in the United States</i>. Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (organizer) (June 5-September 1, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 360879, "title": "Watercolor USA: A Survey of Watercolor from 1870 to 1946", "description": "<i>Watercolor USA: A Survey of Watercolor from 1870 to 1946</i>. Walker Art Center (organizer) (April 24-May 28, 1946); National Gallery of Art (May 17-August 1, 1946).", "opening_date": "1946-04-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302024, "title": "Maurice Prendergast: 1859-1924", "description": "<i>Maurice Prendergast: 1859-1924</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (June 21-July 30, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-10-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338576, "title": "Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth", "description": "<i>Eight American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice B. Prendergast, John Marin, Arthur G. Dove, Charles Demuth, Charles E. Burchfield, Andrew Wyeth</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (April 23-June 16, 1968); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum (June 28-August 18, 1968); Seattle Art Museum (September 5-October 13, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301972, "title": "American Water Colors from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>American Water Colors from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (July 23-September 25, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-07-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 361095, "title": "Five American Masters of Watercolor", "description": "<i>Five American Masters of Watercolor</i>. Terra Museum of American Art (organizer) (May 5-July 12, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-05-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 441481, "title": "Gallery One 2012", "description": "<i>Gallery One 2012</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 12, 2012-March 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2012-12-12T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Kraushaar Galleries, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1926", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1926-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Maurice Prendergast studied in Paris and was influenced by the French Impressionists and their focus on modern urban life.", "description": "Maurice Prendergast worked primarily in watercolor, and Central Park\u2014seen in this drawing\u2014 was one of his favorite subjects. He regularly visited the popular public area in New York City during the early 1900s, while he was living in Boston. Prendergast's depictions of Central Park often focus on festivities and celebrations, continuing a theme he had explored in other cities, such as Paris and Venice. Here, the artist depicted children celebrating May Day by dancing with colorful ribbons around a Maypole on a sunny day. He worked with rapid, loose marks, leaving portions of the paper visible to create highlights throughout. Prendergast was drawn to this subject, and revisited it many times.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80056803"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1926.17-may-day-central-park"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 224-225, p.296; Reproduced: p. 295", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wattenmaker, Richard J. \"Maurice Prendergast.\" <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin</em> 40, no. 1 (1982-1983): 25-37.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36 n. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. \"The Maurice Prendergast Memorial Exhibition.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>13, no. 2 (February 1926): 40-41.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 38", "url": null}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. \"Maurice Prendergast, American Artist.\" <em>The Arts</em> (April 1926): 181-192.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 187", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Maurice Prendergast Memorial Exhibition</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry S. \"Museum Water Colors and the Thirteenth Exhibition of Water Colors and Pastels.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 24, no. 3 (March 1937): 39-41.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Painting Today and Yesterday in the United States</em>. Exh. Cat. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 97", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>National Cyclopedia of American Biography. </em>Vol. 30. New York, 1943.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 398-399", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Acquarela - E.E.U.U. Watercolor - USA, A Survey of Watercolor - USA from 1870 to 1946</em>. Exh. Cat. Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metcalfe, James J. \"Artists.\" <em>Cleveland News</em> (August 19, 1950): 50.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Exhibition of American Painting</em>. Exh. Cat. Athens, OH: Ohio University, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "McKinney. Roland. <em>The Eight</em>. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1954.", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>American Watercolor Exhibition</em> Exh. Cat. New Delhi: All-India Fine Arts and Crafts Society, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 563", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n105"}, {"citation": "Rhys, Hedley Howell. <em>Maurice Prendergast, 1859-1924</em>. Exh. Cat. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1960.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 88", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dodd, Loring Holmes. \"Two Important Shows at Boston Museum.\" <em>Worcester Evening Gazette</em> (November 5, 1960): 7.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Holiday Idyls [sic] of Long Ago: Nostalgic Appeal of Prendergast's World.\" <em>Life Magazine</em> (September 1, 1961).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Simon, John. \"Maurice Prendergast.\" <em>New York Times </em>(February 26, 1961): X-19.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. X-19", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 189", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n213"}, {"citation": "Curry, Larry. <em>Eight American Masters of Watercolor</em>. Exh. Cat. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 189", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n213"}, {"citation": "\"A Checklist of American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 60, no. 1 (January 1973): 21-32.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Boyle, Richard J. <em>American Impressionism</em>. Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.225; Reproduced: p. 1", "url": null}, {"citation": "Glubok, Shirley. <em>The Art of America in the Early Twentieth Century</em>. New York: Macmillan, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: inside front and back cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n255"}, {"citation": "<em>The Monotypes of Maurice Prendergast</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Davis &amp; Long Company, 1979.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 12; Reproduced: p. 138", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perlman, Bennard B. <em>The Immortal Eight: American Painting from Eakins to the Armory Show</em>. Westport, CT: Exposition Press, 1979.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 153", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Five American Masters of Watercolor: Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, Maurice Prendergast, John Marin, Charles Burchfield</em>. Exh. Cat. Evanston, IL: Terra Museum of American Art, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Japanese Artists Who Studied in U.S.A. and the American Scene</em>. Exh. Cat. Toyko: National Museum of Modern Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 62", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koschatzky, Walter. <em>Die Kunst des Aquarells: Technik, Geschichte, Meisterwerke</em>. Vienna: Residenz Verlag, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 200", "url": null}, {"citation": "Langdale, Cecily. \"The Late Watercolor/Pastels of Maurice Prendergast.\" <em>Antiques</em> 132 (November 1987): 1084-1095.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 1089", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol, Nancy Mowll Mathews, and Gwendolyn Owens. <em>Maurice Brazil Prendergast, Charles Prendergast: A Catalogue Raisonn\u00e9</em>. Williamstown, MA: Williams College Museum of Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 412, no. 795", "url": null}, {"citation": "Mathews, Nancy Mowll. <em>Maurice Prendergast</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 20, p. 98, p. 184, no. 42; Reproduced: p. 87", "url": null}, {"citation": "Anderson, Janice. <em>Children in Art</em>. New York, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 114-115", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Pride in Place: Landscapes by The Eight in Southern Collections</em>. Exh. Cat. Albany: Albany Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 19", "url": null}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Clark, Mathews, and Owens 795", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1926.17", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.17/1926.17_web.jpg", "width": "1259", "height": "893", "filesize": "286442", "filename": "1926.17_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.17/1926.17_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2412", "filesize": "1767859", "filename": "1926.17_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.17/1926.17_full.tif", "width": "6153", "height": "4366", "filesize": "80616204", "filename": "1926.17_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.17/1926.17_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "885", "filesize": "1022622"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.17/1926.17_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1435", "filesize": "2669879"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1926.17/1926.17_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1435", "filesize": "8819692"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 108452, "creators": [{"id": 3246, "description": "Maurice Prendergast (American, born Newfoundland [now Canada], 1858\u20131924)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1858", "death_year": "1924", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1926-01-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1901, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1901", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Maypole, Central Park"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:48:27.290000"}, {"id": 143756, "accession_number": "1968.196", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Violin, early 1914. Georges Braque (French, 1882\u20131963). Cut and pasted papers (newsprint, block-printed or stenciled decorative paper, and faux bois), with charcoal and graphite; unframed: 71.8 x 51.8 cm (28 1/4 x 20 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1968.196. \u00a9 Artists Right Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "current_location": null, "title": "Violin", "creation_date": "early 1914", "creation_date_earliest": 1909, "creation_date_latest": 1919, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "Cut and pasted papers (newsprint, block-printed or stenciled decorative paper, and faux bois), with charcoal and graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "cardboard", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Unframed: 71.8 x 51.8 cm (28 1/4 x 20 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.718, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.518, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 Artists Right Society (ARS), New York / ADAGP, Paris", "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361511, "title": "Georges Braque: The Papiers Coll\u00e9s", "description": "<i>Georges Braque: The Papiers Coll\u00e9s</i>. Mus\u00e9e National d'Art Moderne, Paris, Cedex 04, France (June 17-September 27, 1982); National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (October 31-January 16, 1983).", "opening_date": null}, {"id": 301285, "title": "Year in Review for 1968", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1968</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 29-March 9, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361510, "title": "Jean Paulhan: \u00e0 Travers Ses Peintres", "description": "<i>Jean Paulhan: \u00e0 Travers Ses Peintres</i>. Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, 75008 Paris, France (organizer) (February 1-April 15, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-02-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310025, "title": "Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960", "description": "<i>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 16-November 8, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-09-16T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 203744, "title": "Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints", "description": "<i>Themes and Variations: Musical Drawings and Prints</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 25-May 17, 2015).", "opening_date": "2015-01-25T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Jean Paulhan et ses environs</em>. Albert Loeb &amp; Krugier Gallery (April 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>L'Atelier de Braque</em>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris (November 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-11-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Galerie Kahnweiler, Paris, France)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Galerie Kahnweiler photo no. 1183</div>"], "date": "probably early 1914-by 1923", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jean Paulhan [1884-1968], Neuilly-sur-Seine, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1923-by 1967", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Albert Loeb & Krugier Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1967-1968", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1968-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Georges Braque glued an entire page from the newspaper <em>Le Journal</em> on the reverse side of this drawing.", "description": "This drawing belongs to a series that Georges Braque made with <em>papier coll\u00e9</em>, a technique he invented in 1912 that featured collaged elements made from inexpensive wood-patterned wallpaper. Around the same time, Braque's frequent collaborator, Pablo Picasso, was also experimenting with collage, and the two worked closely together until World War I interfered in 1914. Here, Braque represented a violin and glass on a table supported by a single wooden leg. The violin is defined with lines of charcoal, a newspaper fragment, a piece of paper with wood grain, and a strip of decorative patterned paper. Using this combination of materials, Braque placed his subject in a complex space of intersecting planes that defies the logic of representation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80044092"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Tzara, Tristan. \"Le Papier Coll\u00e9 ou le Proverbe en Peinture.\" <em>Cahiers d'Art</em> 6 (1931): 61-64.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Isarlov, George. <em>Georges Braque</em>. Paris: Collection Orbes, 1932.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zervos, Christian. \"Georges Braque.\" <em>Cahiers d'Art</em> 8 (1933): 1-28.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Einstein, Carl. <em>Georges Braque</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions des Chroniques du Jour, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: plate XXII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fumet, Stanislas. <em>Braque</em>. Paris: \u00c9ditions Braun &amp; Cie, 1945.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>L'Atelier de Braque</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Dorival, Bernard. \"Mus\u00e9e National d'Art Moderne, Les Pr\u00e9emptions de l'\u00c9tat \u00e0 la Seconde Vente Andr\u00e9 Lef\u00e8vre.\" <em>La Revue du Louvre et des Mus\u00e9es de France</em> 16, no. 2 (1966): 111-120.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 112; Reproduced: p. 113", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Jean Paulhan et ses environs</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Albert Loeb &amp; Krugier Gallery, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 197", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n221"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Art of the Twentieth Century in the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Dept. of Art History &amp; Education, CMA, 1969.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 2", "url": "https://archive.org/details/20thCenturyArtCMA/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Georges Braque, <em>Le Vioncelle</em>.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 56 (February 1969): 55-60.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 55-60; Reproduced: cover", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Contemporary Art.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>56 (June 1969): 223-224.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 223", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Pablo Picasso, Bouteille, Verre, et Fourchette.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>59 (September 1972): 195-203", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 197-198; Reproduced: p. 198", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daval, Jean-Luc. <em>Journal de l'art moderne, 1884-1914</em>. Geneva: Skira, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Joffroy, Andr\u00e9 Berne, Jean Leymaire, and Mich\u00e8le Richet. <em>Jean Paulhan \u00e0 travers ses peintres</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Grand Palais, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 207-208, no. 456; Reproduced: p. 30, plate 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Acquisitions of Modern Art by Museums.\" <em>Burlington Magazine (Supplement)</em> 112 (May 1970): 338.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 338; Reproduced: no. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Picasso: Harlequin With Violin (Si Tu Veux).\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 1 (January 1976): 2-11.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 3; Reproduced: p. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"The Cubist Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>Apollo</em> 105 (January 1977): 52-56.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 56", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gross, Lori. \"Guitar and Bottle of Marc on a Table.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 64 (April 1977): 141-146.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 144; Reproduced: p. 145", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 242", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n262"}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. \"Two New Cubist Paintings by Juan Gris and Pablo Picasso.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 2 (February 1981): 38-50.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 40; Reproduced: p. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pouillon, Nadine and Isabelle Monod-Fontaine. <em>Braque: Oeuvres de Georges Braque (1882-1963)</em>. Pairs: Mus\u00e9e National d'Art Moderne, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 55; Reproduced: p. 54", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monod-Fontaine and E.A. Carmean, Jr. <em>Braque: The Papiers Coll\u00e9s</em>. Exh. Cat. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 126-127, no. 39", "url": null}, {"citation": "Monod-Fontaine and E.A. Carmean, Jr. <em>Georges Braque: Les Papiers Coll\u00e9s</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 148-149, no. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Daix, Pierre. <em>Cubists and Cubism</em>. New York: Rizzoli, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 161; Reproduced: p. 102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Romilly, Nicole Worms de and Jean Laude. <em>Braque: Le Cubisme, fin 1907-1914. </em>Paris: Maeght, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 286; Reproduced: no. 216", "url": null}, {"citation": "Henning, Edward B. <em>Creativity in Art and Science, 1860-1960.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 114, no. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Zurcher, Bernard. <em>Georges Braque: Life and Work</em>. Translated by Simon Nye. New York: Rizzoli, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 108, 124; Reproduced: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Perruchot, Henri. \"C\u00f3mo Naci\u00f3 el Cubismo?\" <em>Saber Ver</em> 1, no. 6 (September - October 1992): 38-54.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 232-233, 296; Reproduced: p. 233", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sims, Lowery Stokes. <em>The Persistence of Geometry: Form, Content, and Culture in the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 56; Reproduced: P. 58, fig. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\"Exhibitions.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 55, no. 1 (January/February 2015): 3.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 3", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2015-01/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1968.196", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143756, "creators": [{"id": 3029, "description": "Georges Braque (French, 1882\u20131963)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1882", "death_year": "1963", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1968-09-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1909, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1914", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Still Life with Violin"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:26.843000"}, {"id": 149399, "accession_number": "1978.54", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin, 1757. Jean-Etienne Liotard (Swiss, 1702\u20131789). Pastel on parchment; unframed: 38 x 46.3 cm (14 15/16 x 18 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1978.54", "current_location": null, "title": "Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin", "creation_date": "1757", "creation_date_earliest": 1757, "creation_date_latest": 1757, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Switzerland"], "technique": "pastel on parchment", "support_materials": [{"description": "parchment", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Swiss", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Unframed: 38 x 46.3 cm (14 15/16 x 18 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"unframed": {"height": 0.38, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.463, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed and dated, in black crayon, at lower right: par. J.E. Liotard / 1757", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "on verso, in red: TH / 51; mark of the Tronchin family", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304286, "title": "Year in Review: 1978", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1978</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 13-March 18, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 665048, "title": "Imagination in the Age of Reason", "description": "<i>Imagination in the Age of Reason</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 28, 2024-March 2, 2025).", "opening_date": "2024-09-28T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>De Gen\u00e8ve a\u0300 l'Ermitage: les collections de Franc\u0327ois Tronchin. </em>Muse\u0301e Rath, Geneva (June 21 - September 15, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-06-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Jean Etienne Liotard, Johann Heinrich F\u00fcssli</em>. Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, Paris (April - June 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-04-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition d'oeuvres de Jean Etienne Liotard. </em>Mus\u00e9e d'art et d'histoire, Geneva (May 1 - 31, 1925).", "opening_date": "1925-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Jean-Etienne Liotard</em>. Socie\u0301te\u0301 des arts, Geneva (1886).", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin [1704-1798], Geneva, by descent to Jean-Louis Robert Tronchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1757-1798", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Jean-Louis Robert Tronchin [1763-\n?], Geneva, by descent to Armand Henri Tronchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1798-?", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Armand Henri Tronchin [1794-1865], Bessinge, Sweden, by descent to Louis-R\u00e9my-Nosky Tronchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-after 1865", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Louis-R\u00e9my-Nosky Tronchin [1825-1873], Geneva, by descent to Henry Tonchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1865-after 1873", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Henry Tronchin [1853-1891], by descent to Robert Tronchin", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1873-after 1891", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Robert Tronchin [1883-?], by descent to Christiane Tronchin, Marquise de Hillerin, Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1925-by 1948", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "Christiane Tronchin, Marquise de Hillerin, Paris, sold as part of the Tronchin collcetion to Xavier Givaudan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1948-1950", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Xavier Givaudan, Geneva, by descent to Andr\u00e9 Givaudan", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1950-by 1973", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "Andr\u00e9 Givaudan, Geneva", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1973-after 1974", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(L\u00e9on Givaudan, Paris, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1974-1978", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1978-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Jean-Etienne Liotard created portraits of eight other members of the Tronchin family around the same time as this pastel.", "description": "This pastel drawing depicts Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin, a prominent figure in his native Geneva and an impassioned patron of the arts. The table before Tronchin features a book, mathematical instruments, and papers that indicate his interests in architecture and music. Rembrandt's <em>Lady in Bed</em>, a painting that the Dutch master created around 1645 (today in the collection of the Scottish National Gallery) and the most highly prized painting in Tronchin's collection, rests on an easel nearby. Liotard considered the portrait of Tronchin among his finest works, and the meticulous rendering of the sitter's powdered wig, transparent flesh, and lace cuffs suggest the skill he had developed in pastel at this time.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780789"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1978.54-francois-tronchin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Mou\u0308cke, Francesco. \"Liotard.\" In <em>Serie di ritratti degli eccellenti pittori: dipinti di propria mano che esistono nell'Imperial galleria di Firenze</em>, 273-76. Florence: Mou\u0308cke, 1762.", "page_number": "Mentioned.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tronchin, Fran\u00e7ois. <em>Catalogue des tableaux du cabinet de M. Tronchin, conseiller d'Etat </em>\u00e0 <em>Gen\u00e8ve</em>. Geneva: Tronchin, 1765.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 50", "url": "https://books.google.com/books?id=TXm0qodKB5cC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=catalogue%20des%20tableaux%20de%20mon%20cabinet&pg=PP5#v=onepage&q&f=false"}, {"citation": "Liotard, Jean-Etienne. <em>Trait\u00e9 des principes et des r\u00e8gles de la peinture </em>[1781] Repr. Geneva: Pierre Cailler, 1945.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 108-9", "url": "http://doc.rero.ch/record/208704/files/BAA_IA_21.pdf"}, {"citation": "Sinner, Johann Rudolph. <em>Voyage historique et litte\u0301raire dans la suisse occidentale</em>. Neuch\u00e2tel: Imprimerie de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 typographique, 1781.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition Jean-Etienne Liotard</em>. Exh. Cat. Geneva: Socie\u0301te\u0301 des arts, 1886.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7, no. 36", "url": null}, {"citation": "Giron, C. \"L'Exposition Liotard.\" <em>Journal de Gene\u0300ve</em> (May 12, 1886).", "page_number": "Mentioned: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tronchin, Henry. <em>Le Conseiller Franc\u0327ois Tronchin et ses amis Voltaire, Diderot, Grimm. </em>Paris: Plon, 1895.<strong><br></strong>", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 258", "url": "https://hdl.handle.net/2027/umn.319510021301824"}, {"citation": "Humbert, E\u0301douard, Alphonse Revilliod, and J.W.R. Tilanus. <em>La Vie et les oeuvres de Jean Etienne Liotard, \u00e9tude biographique et iconographique</em>. Amsterdam: C.M. Van Gogh, 1897.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 129-30, no. 78; Reproduced: p. 129", "url": "https://archive.org/details/lavieetlesoeuvre00humbuoft/page/n10/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Baud-Bovy, Daniel. \"Le Mouvemeent d'art en suisse, peintres genevois (XVIIIe si\u00e8cle et commencement du XIXe), premier article.\" <em>Gazette des beaux-arts, </em>no. 542 (August 1902): 101-113.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 105", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crosnier, Jules. <em>Nos Anciens et leurs oeuvres</em>. Geneva: L\u00e9on Bovy, 1908.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 104; Reproduced: n.p.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vaillat, L\u00e9andre. \"Liotard.\" <em>Les Arts</em> 10 (October 1911): 1-32.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Clouzot, Henri. \"Les Pastels de Gen\u00e8ve.\" <em>La Renaissance de l'art franc\u0327ais et des industries de luxe</em> 3 (1920): 158-165.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 164", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Catalogue des oeuvres de Liotard expos\u00e9s au Mus\u00e9e d'Art et d'Histoire, du 1er au 31 mai 1925.\" <em>Pages d'art, revue mensuelle suisse illustr\u00e9e</em> (January 1925).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 103", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gielly, Louis. \"Les pastels de J.-\u00c9. Liotard \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve,\" <em>Revue de l'art ancien et moderne </em>(1926).", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 256, 271", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gielly, Louis Jules. <em>L'e\u0301cole genevoise de peinture</em>. Geneva: Sonor, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 46, 207", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ratouis de Limay, Paul. <em>Le Pastel en France au XVIIIe\u0300me sie\u0300cle</em>. Paris: Baudini\u00e8re, 1946.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 133", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Exposition Jean Etienne Liotard, Johann Heinrich F\u00fcssli</em>. Exh. Cat. Paris: Mus\u00e9e de l'Orangerie, 1948.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 13, 25, no. 14", "url": null}, {"citation": "Benisovich, Michel N. \"Les collections de tableaux du conseiller Fran\u00e7ois Tronchin et le mus\u00e9e de l'Ermitage.\" <em>Geneva</em> 1 (1953): 25-51.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 40, no. 80, fig. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fosca, Fran\u00e7ois. \"Un peintre genevois du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle: Jean-Etienne Liotard.\" <em>Jardin des arts</em> 27 (1957): 164-169.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 168; Reproduced: p. 166", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adair, Virginia and Lee. <em>Eighteenth Century Pastel Portraits</em>. London: John Gifford Ltd, 1971.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>De Gen\u00e8ve a\u0300 l'Ermitage: les collections de Franc\u0327ois Tronchin. </em>Exh. Cat. Geneva: Muse\u0301e Rath, 1974.<em><br></em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 175-78, no. 347; Reproduced: p. 177", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1978.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 1 (January 1979): 3\u201347.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 23; Mentioned: p. 43, no. 36", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159613"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art<em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 520; Mentioned: p. 521-522", "url": null}, {"citation": "Georgel, Pierre and Anne-Marie Lecoq. <em>La peinture dans la peinture</em>. Exh. Cat. Dijon: Muse\u0301e des Beaux-Arts, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 161", "url": null}, {"citation": "Duffin, Ross. <em>R\u00e9pertoire international d'iconographie musicale/International Repertory of Music Iconography Inventory of Music Iconography</em>. New York: Research Center for Music Iconography, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 8, p. 11, no. 213", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brown, Christopher, Jan Kelch, and Pieter J. J. van Thiel. <em>Rembrandt: The Master and His Workshop</em>. Exh. Cat. London: National Gallery, 1991.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 230", "url": null}, {"citation": "Herdt, Anne de. <em>Dessins de Liotard: suivi du catalogue de l'oeuvre dessine\u0301</em>. Paris: Re\u0301union des muse\u0301es nationaux, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 182", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>L'Age d'or flamand et hollandais: collections de Catherine II, Mus\u00e9e de l'Ermitage, Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg. </em>Exh. Cat. Dijon: Muse\u0301e des Beaux-Arts, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}, {"citation": "Apgar, Garry, and Jean Huber. <em>L\u2019art Singulier de Jean Huber : Voir Voltaire</em>. Paris: A. Biro, 1995.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 168; reproduced: p. 166, no. 140", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kathke, Petra. <em>Portra\u0308t und Accessoire: eine Bildnisform im 16. Jahrhundert</em>. Berlin: D. Reimer, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 303; Reproduced: fig. 154", "url": null}, {"citation": "DeGrazia, Diane and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 12-13; Reproduced: p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Koos, Marianne. \"'Malerei ohne Pockenspuren': Oberfl\u00e4che im Werk von Jean-Etienne Liotard.\"<em>Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kunstgeschichte </em>4, no. 70 (2007): 545-72.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 563-70; Reproduced: p. 564", "url": null}, {"citation": "Roethlisberger, Marcel and Rene\u0301e Loche. <em>Liotard: catalogue, sources et correspondance</em>. Doornspijk: Davaco, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. 1, pp. 503-506, no. 349; Reproduced: vol. 2, fig. 499", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bark, Julianna M. \"Liotard, History Painting, and Mimesis.\" <em>Cantor Arts Center Journal</em> 6 (2008-9): 19-25.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lorenzo, Andrea di. \"Sotto segno di Correggio. Due progetti per soffitti illusionistici: Una proposta per il Giovane Primaticcio.\" <em>Nuovi Studi</em> 14, no. 15 (2009): 153-64.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 154; Reproduced: fig. 175", "url": null}, {"citation": "Buyssens, Danielle. <em>La question de l'art a\u0300 Gene\u0300ve, du cosmopolitisme des lumie\u0300res au romantisme des nationalite\u0301</em>s. Ph.D. diss. Universite\u0301 de Lille 3, 2011.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. V", "url": null}, {"citation": "Blumle, Claudia. \"Das Bild als Vorhang.\" In<em> Hinter dem Vorhang: Verh\u00fcllung und Enth\u00fcllung seit der Renaissance - von Tizian bis Christo</em>. Oakar Ba\u0308tschmann, et.al. Munich: Hirmer, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wetering, Ernst van de, Murray Pearson, Carin van Nes, and Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn. Rembrandt's Paintings Revisited - a Complete Survey : a Reprint of A Corpus of Rembrandt Paintings VI. 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; vol. 2 p. 585, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guichard, Charlotte.<em> La griffe du peintre: la valeur de l'art (1730-1820)</em>. <br>Paris: \u00c9ditions du Seuil, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 6-8, fig. 1; Mentioned: p. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salmon, Xavier. Pastels in the Muse\u0301e Du Louvre: 17th and 18th Centuries. 2018.", "page_number": "p. 210", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grijzenhout, F., and Jean-Etienne Liotard.<em> Liotard in Nederland</em>. Utrecht: Kwadraat, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 63.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Guichard, Charlotte. \"Signatures, Authorship and Autographie in Eighteenth-Century French Painting.\" <em>Art History </em>41, no. 2 (April 2018): 266-291.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 272-273, fig. 3 & 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Oberli, Matthias. Mit Pinsel, Palette und Peru\u0308cke: Barocke Malerei in der Schweiz. Basel : Schwabe Verlag, Schwabe Verlagsgruppe AG, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 38-39, Abb. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Kruse, Jillian. \u201cImagination in the Age of Reason: Prints and drawings showcase imagination's power.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>65, no. 3 (2024): 6-7.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 6; Mentioned: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM-2024-03"}, {"citation": "Black, Emily, and Philippe Clerc. <em>Collection Du Crest: Artistes de L\u2019Ecole Genevoise</em>. Gene\u0300ve: E\u0301ditions Notari, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 26, fig. 8", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Roethlisberger 349", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1978.54", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.54/1978.54_web.jpg", "width": "1076", "height": "893", "filesize": "638452", "filename": "1978.54_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.54/1978.54_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2822", "filesize": "6845996", "filename": "1978.54_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1978.54/1978.54_full.tif", "width": "5463", "height": "4535", "filesize": "74352688", "filename": "1978.54_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149399, "creators": [{"id": 12028, "description": "Jean-Etienne Liotard (Swiss, 1702\u20131789)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1702", "death_year": "1789", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1978-08-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1757, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1757", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:41:29.785000"}, {"id": 311857, "accession_number": "2018.78", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Washing the White Blood from Daniel Boone, 1939. Jared French (American, 1905\u20131988). Tempera on masonite; 71.1 x 77.5 cm (28 x 30 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of William Kelly Simpson in memory of his wife Marilyn M. Simpson and her grandfather, John D. Rockefeller Jr., 2018.78", "current_location": null, "title": "Washing the White Blood from Daniel Boone", "creation_date": "1939", "creation_date_earliest": 1939, "creation_date_latest": 1939, "artists_tags": ["LGBTQ+ (after 1900)", "male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "tempera on masonite", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "71.1 x 77.5 cm (28 x 30 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"No Extent Specified": {"height": 0.711, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.775, "depth_inch": 30, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Art</em>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY (January 10-February 18, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-01-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Fine Arts Exhibition</em>. Golden Gate International Exposition, San Francisco, CA (May 25-September 29, 1940).", "opening_date": "1940-05-25T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>9 American Artists</em>. Arts Club of Chicago, Chicago, IL (February 3-28, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-02-03T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Paintings and Drawings by Jared French</em>. Edwin Hewitt Gallery, New York, NY (April 21-May 12, 1955), as <em>The Baptism</em>.", "opening_date": "1955-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Realism and Realities: The Other Side of American Painting, 1940-1960</em>. Rutgers University Art Gallery, New Brunswick, NJ (January 17-March 26, 1982); Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, Montgomery, AL (April 15-June 13, 1982); The Art Gallery, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD (September 7-October 18, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-01-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Cadmus, French, and Tooker: The Early Years</em>. Whitney Museum of American Art at Philip Morris, New York, NY (March 1-May 5, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Rediscovery of Jared French</em>. Midtown Payson Galleries, New York, NY (April 23-May 29, 1992); Mead Art Museum, Amherst College, Amherst, MA (October 2-November 29, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-04-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>American Realism Between the Wars, 1919-1941</em>. Nassau County Museum of Art, Roslyn Harbor, NY (April 3-June 5, 1994).", "opening_date": "1994-04-03T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The WPA Decade, 1933-1943: Art Across America</em>. Nassau County Museum of Art, Roslyn Harbor, NY (August 15-October 31, 2004).", "opening_date": "2004-08-15T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The artist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Monroe Wheeler [1899\u20131988], Rosemont, NJ, by purchase in 1944", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Anatole Pohorilenko [1943\u20132014], Cheltenham, PA, by inheritance", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "[Middendorf Gallery, Washington, DC]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "[Christie's, New York, \"Important American Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture of the 18th, 19th and 20th Centuries,\" November 30, 1990, lot 209]", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "William Kelly Simpson [1928\u20132017], New York, NY, by purchase in 1990", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, by bequest in 2018", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 7}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In 1940, a closeted gay art critic punningly described this painting as a \"queer picture.\"", "description": "<em>Washing the White Blood from Daniel Boone</em> relates an episode in the life of the frontiersman: his adoption ritual performed upon his temporary capture by the Shawnee people. One of the first American artists whose same-sex desires were recognized by his contemporaries, French homoeroticized the narrative by substituting men for the women who were thought to have performed the rite.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60483001"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [{"citation": "Schwartz, Constance, and Franklin Hill Perrell. <em>American Realism Between the Wars: 1919-1941.</em> Exh. Cat. New York: Nassau County Museum of Art, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.29,60; Reproduced: p.53", "url": null}, {"citation": "San Francisco (Calif.) Golden Gate International Exposition. <em>Contemporary Art; Official Catalog</em>. Department of Fine Arts, Division of Contemporary Painting and Sculpture. 1939.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.131", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>1940 Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Art. </em>Exh. Cat. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.5 (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "McBride, Henry. \"At the Whitney Museum: A Show of Native Sculpture, Paintings, Drawings and Prints.\" <em>The New York Sun</em>, January 13, 1940.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brenning, Margaret. \"The Whitney's Enlarged Annual.\" <em>The Magazine of Art</em>, Vol.33 (February 1940).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.102", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jewett, Eleanor. \"Arts Club Puts Works of Nine Artists on View.\" <em>Chicago Daily Tribune</em>, February 3, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jewett, Eleanor. \"Nine American Artists Exhibit in Modern Show.\" <em>Chicago Sunday Tribune</em>, February 8, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Edwin Hewitt Gallery. <em>Paintings and Drawings by Jared French</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Edwin Hewitt Gallery, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Berman, Greta, and Jeffrey Wechsler. <em>Realism and Realities: The Other Side of American Painting, 1940-1960. </em>Exh. Cat. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Art Gallery, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.21-22,189; Reproduced: p.22", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wechsler, Jeffrey. \"Magic Realism: Defining the Indefinite.\" <em>Art Journal</em>, vol.45, no.4 (Winter 1985).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.295", "url": null}, {"citation": "Loftin, Ann Jamison, ed. <em>Museum &amp; Arts Washington</em> Vol.5, No.2 (March/April 1989).", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Phelps, Robert, ed. with Jerry Rosco. <em>Continual Lessons: The Journals of Glenway Wescott, 1937-1955</em>. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.60; Reproduced: pp.301-302", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Cadmus, French, and Tooker: The Early Years.</em> Exh. Cat. New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.1,2,3,6 (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wolff, Theodore F. \"Artists of the Enigmatic.\" <em>The Christian Science Monitor</em>, April 13, 1990.", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/1990/0413/lsupr.html"}, {"citation": "Grimes, Nancy. \"Paul Cadmus, Jared French, George Tooker.\" <em>Art in America</em> 89 (September 1990).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.159", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie's, New York.<em> Important American Paintings, Drawings and Sculpture of the 18th, 19th and 20th Centuries. </em>November 30, 1990. Lot 209.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.225", "url": null}, {"citation": "French, Jared, and Jeffrey Wechsler. <em>The Rediscovery of Jared French</em>. New York: Midtown Payson Galleries, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.8 (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cotter, Holland. \"Art in Review.\" <em>The New York Times</em>, May 22, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.C22", "url": "https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/22/arts/art-in-review-924192.html"}, {"citation": "Grimes, Nancy, and Jared French.<em> Jared French's Myths</em>. San Francisco, Calif: Pomegranate Artbooks, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.XII; Reproduced: p.23 (unpaginated)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Jared French (1905-1988).\" Ph.D. dissertation, University of Delaware, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.204-213, 379; Reproduced: p.487", "url": null}, {"citation": "Summers, Claude J.<em> The Queer Encyclopedia of the Visual Arts</em>. San Francisco: Cleis Press, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.145", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cheles, Luciano. \"A century-old passion: Piero della Francesca in America.\" In <em>Nella citta di Piero</em>, 5-29. Milton Glaser. Exh. Cat. Sansepolcro, Italy: Casa di Piero della Francesca, in association with Milton Glaser, Inc., 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.18; Reproduced: p.18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bonhams, New York. <em>American Paintings</em>. November 28, 2007. Lot 123.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.92 (preliminary sketch)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Panzetta, Alfonso, and Jared French. <em>Jared French by Jared French: 600 opere inedite dal fondo italiano dell'artista. </em>Torino: Umberto Allemandi &amp; C., 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.23; Reproduced: pp.248, 322", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ryden, Wendy, and Ian Marshall.<em> Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorics of Whiteness</em>. New York: Routledge, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.152-159; Reproduced: p.153", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barnett, Timothy. \"Ryden, Wendy, and Ian Marshall.<em> Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorics of Whiteness</em>. New York: Routledge, 2012. 190 pp.\" Review of <em>Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorics of Whiteness</em>, by Wendy Ryden and Ian Marshall. <em>Composition Forum</em> 27 (Spring 2013).", "page_number": "Mentioned", "url": "compositionforum.com/issue/27/barnett-reading-writing-review.php"}, {"citation": "Schreiber, Michael. <em>One-Man Show: The Life and Art of Bernard Perlin</em>. Berlin: Bruno Gmunder, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cheles, Luciano. \"Piero della Francesca e l'arte americana.\" In<em> Piero della Francesca: indagine su un mito,</em> 343-358. Antonio Paolucci. Exh. Cat. Forli: Musei San Domenico, in association with Silvana editoriale, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.352; Reproduced: p.350", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christies, New York. <em>American Art</em>. November 14-21, 2017. Lot 130.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.30 (study)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sachar, Emily. \"Jared French's <em>State Park</em>: A Contextual Study.\" MA thesis, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp.39,52-53, 55; Reproduced: p.134", "url": "academicworks.cuny.edu/hc_sas_etds/254/"}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \"Acquisitions 2018: American Painting and Sculpture (Until 1960).\"<em> Cleveland Art</em>, Vol.54.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.17; Reproduced: p.17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cole, Mark. \u201cAcquisitions 2018: American Painting and Sculpture (Until 1960).\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 59, no. 2 (March/April 2019):  16-17.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 17.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Earnest, Jarrett, Ann Morris Reynolds, Kenneth E. Silver, and Michael Schreiber. <em>The Young and Evil: Queer Modernism in New York, 1930-1955</em>. New York: David Zwirner Books, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.80", "url": null}, {"citation": "Edgecombe, Rodney. \"Jared French's Iconic Enigmas.\"<em> The Gay and Lesbian Review</em> 11 (July-August 2004).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p.15", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2018.78", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Bequest of William Kelly Simpson in memory of his wife Marilyn M. Simpson and her grandfather, John D. Rockefeller Jr.", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 311857, "creators": [{"id": 62312, "description": "Jared French (American, 1905\u20131988)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1905", "death_year": "1988", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2018-06-04T00:00:00-04:00", "sortable_date": 1939, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1939", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:53:51.733000"}, {"id": 110924, "accession_number": "1929.439", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Togatus Figure, 1\u2013200 CE. Italy, Roman. Pentelic marble; overall: 167.7 x 63.5 x 40.6 cm (66 x 25 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1929.439", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Togatus Figure", "creation_date": "1\u2013200 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 1, "creation_date_latest": 200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman"], "technique": "pentelic marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 167.7 x 63.5 x 40.6 cm (66 x 25 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.677, "height_inch": 66, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.635, "width_inch": 25, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.406, "depth_inch": 16, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "base": {"width": 0.546, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.508, "depth_inch": 20, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309887, "title": "The Twain Shall Meet", "description": "<i>The Twain Shall Meet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 30, 1985-January 5, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Piero Tozzi Gallery, Florence, Italy, sold to Brummer Gallery", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1928", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Brummer Gallery, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1928-1929", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1929-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 111518, "description": "Portrait Head of Emperor Vespasian, Recut from Head of Nero, 64\u201379 CE. Italy, Roman. Marble; overall: 40 x 21.6 x 24.9 cm (15 3/4 x 8 1/2 x 9 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1929.998", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": ["1929.439.1"], "did_you_know": "This body once included a separately made head and arms.", "description": "From 1929 until 1973, this toga-clad body was displayed with a portrait head of <a href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1966.20\">Vespasian</a> (recarved from Nero) that did not originally belong to it. Several details indicate a mismatch: the surfaces and proportions differ, and the head projected awkwardly forward even after modern recarving of the neck to fit into the body cavity. Aspects of the toga also suggest that it was sculpted later than the head.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80003100"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1929.439-togatus-figure"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Brummer Gallery Records. Cloisters (Museum), n.d.", "page_number": "P5615", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16028coll9/id/32950"}, {"citation": "R. H. \"The Portrait of a Roman Statesman.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 8 (1929): 139-41.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25137236"}, {"citation": "\"Roman Honesty,\" <em>Art Digest</em>. [New York] (Mid October 1929).", "page_number": "p. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Cleveland Gets Roman Statue\" <em>ARTnews</em>. [New York, etc.] (October 19, 1929).", "page_number": "pp. 1, 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margarete. \"Roman Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Art in America </em>(April 1944).", "page_number": "pp. 77, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n22"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p.11-12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n15"}, {"citation": "Pollini, John. \"Damnatio Memoriae in Stone: Two Portraits of Nero Recut to Vespasian in American Museums.\" <em>American Journal of Archaeology</em> 88, no. 4 (1984): 547-55.", "page_number": "p. 548-49, Footnotes 15-17", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/504743"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 333, fig. 11", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Goette, Hans Rupprecht. <em>Studien zu ro\u0308mischen Togadarstellungen. </em>Mainz am Rhein: P. v. Zabern, 1990.", "page_number": "P. 129, Liste B a 325.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Mercha\u0301n Garci\u0301a, Mari\u0301a Jose\u0301. <em>E\u0301cija: (Provincia de Sevilla, Hispania Ulterior Baetica). Thesis (Revised).</em> Sevilla: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla; Tarragona: ICAC, Institut Catal\u00e0 d\u2019Arqueologia Cl\u00e0ssica, 2015. p. 107", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107", "url": null}, {"citation": "Motz, Timothy: <em>The Second Life of the Barberini Togatus in Baroque Rome.</em> <em>Kunstgeschichte. Open Peer Reviewed Journal</em>, 2024", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned p. 9", "url": "https://www.kunstgeschichte-ejournal.net/613/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1929.439", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_web.jpg", "width": "494", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1929.439_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_print.jpg", "width": "1868", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1929.439_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_full.tif", "width": "6370", "height": "11594", "filesize": "", "filename": "1929.439_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "485", "height": "900", "filesize": ""}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "1832", "height": "3400", "filesize": ""}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt0_full.tif", "width": "6260", "height": "11616", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2020-02-28T10:16:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "515", "height": "900", "filesize": "176402"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1946", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1143146"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6743", "height": "11780", "filesize": "238324952"}, "date_created": "2020-02-28T10:11:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "479", "height": "900", "filesize": "161217"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1809", "height": "3400", "filesize": "913791"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6351", "height": "11935", "filesize": "227424904"}, "date_created": "2020-02-28T10:35:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "511", "height": "900", "filesize": "160195"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1929", "height": "3400", "filesize": "938958"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt3_full.tif", "width": "6786", "height": "11961", "filesize": "243527004"}, "date_created": "2020-02-28T10:38:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "555", "height": "900", "filesize": "186880"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2095", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1283666"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt4_full.tif", "width": "6976", "height": "11319", "filesize": "236911776"}, "date_created": "2020-02-28T10:40:02", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "259639"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2328811"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt5_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "10652", "filesize": "453930264"}, "date_created": "2020-02-28T14:10:47", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "272857"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2676742"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1929.439/1929.439_alt6_full.tif", "width": "14204", "height": "10652", "filesize": "453930248"}, "date_created": "2020-02-28T14:47:44", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 110924, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1929-05-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1\u2013200 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:53:10.500000"}, {"id": 135909, "accession_number": "1959.41", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bloodstone Cameo with Saint George, 1000\u20131100. Byzantium, Contantinople, Byzantine period, 11th century. Bloodstone; overall: 3.2 x 2.8 x 1.4 cm (1 1/4 x 1 1/8 x 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Dudley P. Allen Fund, 1959.41", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Bloodstone Cameo with Saint George", "creation_date": "1000\u20131100", "creation_date_earliest": 1000, "creation_date_latest": 1100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Contantinople, Byzantine period, 11th century"], "technique": "bloodstone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Glyptic", "measurements": "Overall: 3.2 x 2.8 x 1.4 cm (1 1/4 x 1 1/8 x 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.032, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.028, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.014, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Greek inscription on either side of the head.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Medieval Art from Private Collections: A Special Exhibition at The Cloisters, </em>New York, NY (October 30, 1968-January 5, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-10-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ducal Museum, Gotha, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "(Richard H. Zinser, Forest Hills, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1959", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1959-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Legends about bravery can be comforting in times of distress. The wearer of this cameo, for example, may have thought about the fearlessness of Saint George in his battle against the dragon.", "description": "Bearing the image of Saint George, one of the Byzantine Empire\u2019s most popular saints, this cameo served as a powerful devotional and protective device. Close physical contact with a holy image was believed to enhance its effectiveness, creating a strong bond between the worshipper and the devotional object. Originally worn around the neck, this cameo was easily kissed and touched in moments of distress or crisis. Bloodstone was also believed to carry magical medicinal powers to stop hemorrhages and increase blood circulation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60753585"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.41-bloodstone-cameo-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Burgold, Karl \"Das Herzogliche Museum,\" Mit einem Unhang: Die herzoglischen Unstalten f\u00fcr Kunst und Wissenschaft seit 1934 (Gotha, 1937).", "page_number": "tafel 53.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em> Art Quarterly</em> (Summer 1959).", "page_number": "p. 178.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cAppointment.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 46, no. 4 (1959).", "page_number": "p. 63", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142337"}, {"citation": "\"Accessions of American and Canadian Museums: January - March, 1959.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>XXII, no. 2 (Summer 1959): 177-188.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P.178", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wentzel, Hans \"Die byzantinischen Kameen in Kassel, Zur Problematik der Datierung byzantinscher Kameen\" Mousseion, Studien aus Kunst un Geschichte f\u00fcr Otto H. F\u00f6rster (K\u00f6ln: M. DuMont Schauberg, 1960.)", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n64"}, {"citation": "Cloisters (Museum), and Carmen Go\u0301mez-Moreno. <em>Medieval Art from Private Collections: A Special Exhibition at The Cloisters, October 30, 1968 Through January 5, 1969.</em> 1968.", "page_number": "p. 212", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n62"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 42", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n62"}, {"citation": "Klein, Holger A. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 78-79, no. 21", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": "p. 70, repr. p. 71, no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N., and Stephen N. Fliegel. <em>A Higher Contemplation: Sacred Meaning in the Christian Art of the Middle Ages</em>. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012.", "page_number": "p 28, fig 21", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.41", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.41/1959.41_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "893", "filesize": "391313", "filename": "1959.41_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.41/1959.41_print.jpg", "width": "1536", "height": "1908", "filesize": "1710794", "filename": "1959.41_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.41/1959.41_full.tif", "width": "1536", "height": "1908", "filesize": "8795300", "filename": "1959.41_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Dudley P. Allen Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 135909, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-02-21T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1000, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1000\u20131100", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["St. George of Cappadocia"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:56:34.546000"}, {"id": 141480, "accession_number": "1964.92", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Askos, 200\u20131 BCE. Greece, Ptolemaic Dynasty. Agate and gold; overall: 6.5 cm (2 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Andrew R. and Martha Holden Jennings Fund, 1964.92", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Askos", "creation_date": "200\u20131 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -200, "creation_date_latest": -1, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, Ptolemaic Dynasty"], "technique": "agate and gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Cosmetic Objects", "measurements": "Overall: 6.5 cm (2 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.065, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "length": 0.084, "length_inch": 3, "length_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304723, "title": "Year in Review (1964)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1964)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 8, 1964-January 31, 1965).", "opening_date": "1964-12-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 207434, "title": "Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World", "description": "<i>Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 18-July 17, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-04-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Leo Mildenberg, Bank Leu, Switzerland", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1964", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2014", "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The knob on the lid connects to a hidden disk to control the flow of liquid.", "description": "This miniature vessel was carved from a single piece of banded agate, polished to a shine, and embellished with a gold lid and gold details on the base. Inside the ring of gold at the base is a trio of gold papyrus stalks, a likely reference to Egypt. In shape, it resembles an ancient wineskin, or <em>askos</em>, though its small size suggests use for luxury perfumes or oils. A tiny crab, likely once inlaid with a precious material, has been carved behind the handle.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740792"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.92-askos"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cYear in Review for 1964.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 51, no. 10 (1964): 236\u201366.", "page_number": "Reproduced p. 238, Fig. 64, Mentioned p. 264.", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152021"}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \u201cA Perfume Flask from Antiquity.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 2 (1965)", "page_number": "pp.45\u201346", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152035"}, {"citation": "Cooney, John D. \u201cA Perfume Flask from Antiquity.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 52, no. 2 (February 1965): 45\u201346.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 45-46, figs. 1-3", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152035"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. 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Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n45"}, {"citation": "Kozloff, Arielle P. \u201cEgyptian Stone Vessels in Cleveland.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 8 (October 1986): 327\u2013339.", "page_number": "Fig. 34", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159955"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n28"}, {"citation": "Berman, Lawrence M., and Kenneth J. Boha\u010d.<em> Catalogue of Egyptian Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1999", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 484-5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lapatin, Kenneth D. S. <em>Luxus: The Sumptuous Arts of Greece and Rome</em>. 2015.", "page_number": "pl. 118, pp. 149, 255.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pico\u0301n, Carlos A., and Sea\u0301n A. Hemingway. <em>Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World</em>. 2016.", "page_number": "p. 260, cat. 203", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.92", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.92/1964.92_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "731", "filesize": "166206", "filename": "1964.92_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.92/1964.92_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2762", "filesize": "1200456", "filename": "1964.92_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.92/1964.92_full.tif", "width": "4569", "height": "3712", "filesize": "50905780", "filename": "1964.92_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.92/1964.92_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "689", "filesize": "166981"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.92/1964.92_alt0_print.jpg", 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"is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 18:07:10.347000"}, {"id": 144908, "accession_number": "1970.12", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mother Goddess, c. 600. Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Udaipur District. Schist; overall: 79.4 x 23.2 cm (31 1/4 x 9 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1970.12", "current_location": "243 Indian and Southeast Asian", "title": "Mother Goddess", "creation_date": "c. 600", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 650, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northwestern India, Rajasthan, Udaipur District"], "technique": "schist", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Indian Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 79.4 x 23.2 cm (31 1/4 x 9 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.794, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.232, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 196054, "title": "Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Streams and Mountains Without End: Asian Art and the Legacy of Sherman E. Lee at the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 27-August 23, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-06-27T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Doris and Ed Wiener, New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968\u20131970", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1970\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This sculpture was one of twelve that were brought to a modern temple known as the Tanesar (Thaneshvara) Mahadeva Temple.", "description": "Sets of mother goddesses were installed in shrines near the entrance to Hindu temples. From one of the most naturalistic and charming sets, this mother attentively grasps the wrist of her toddler to gently guide him, while smiling lovingly and patiently at him. The simplicity of garments and ornament is characteristic of sculpture of the sixth century, and the naturalistic qualities of this work from northwestern India suggest connections with the Greco-Roman styles of Gandhara, in present-day Pakistan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763329"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1970.12-mother-goddess"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Agrawala, R. C. \u201cSome More Unpublished Sculptures from Rajasthan.\u201d <em>Lalit Kala, </em>No. 10 (October 1961).", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1970.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 58, no. 2 (1971): 22-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 71, no. 165", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152361"}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya. \u201cSome Rajasthani Sculptures of the Gupta Period\u201d, <em>Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin</em>, Oberlin College (Winter 1971), pp. 105-118.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Harle, J. C. <em>Gupta Sculpture: Indian Sculpture of the Fourth to the Sixth Centuries A.D</em>. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 26, pl. 91, p. 49", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw. \u201cMathura Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 64, no. 3, 1977, pp. 83\u2013114.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 111, fig. 42", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152680"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 292", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n312"}, {"citation": "Schastok, Sara L. <em>The S\u0301a\u0304mala\u0304ji\u0304 Sculptures and 6th Century Art in Western India</em>. Leiden: Brill, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 83; Reproduced: fig. 56, plate XXXIII", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael R., Stanislaw J. Czuma, Anne E. Wardwell, and J. Keith Wilson. <em>Masterworks of Asian Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced:  pp. 134-135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Czuma, Stanislaw, \"Great Acquisitions and Southeast Asian Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Orientations, An Issue in Honour of Sherman E. Lee</em> (Jan/Feb 2005), vol. 36, no. 1.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Filler, Martin. \"The Global Eye of Sherman Lee\": <em>The Magazine Antiques, </em>(October 2008), pp. 122\u2013129.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 6, p. 126", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Franklin, David and C. Griffith Mann. <em>Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 62-63", "url": null}, {"citation": "Liebert, Emily, Nadiah Rivera Fellah, and William Griswold. <em>Picturing Motherhood Now.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned & Reproduced: pp. 10\u201311, fig. 2", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.12", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.12/1970.12_web.jpg", "width": "594", "height": "893", "filesize": "266541", "filename": "1970.12_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.12/1970.12_print.jpg", "width": "2262", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3672517", "filename": "1970.12_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.12/1970.12_full.tif", "width": "3327", "height": "5000", "filesize": "49924728", "filename": "1970.12_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.12/1970.12_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "544", "height": "893", "filesize": "234735"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.12/1970.12_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2071", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3276925"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.12/1970.12_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3045", "height": "5000", "filesize": "45694536"}, "date_created": "2005-01-24T18:20:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.12/1970.12_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "614", "height": "893", "filesize": "260675"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.12/1970.12_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2339", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3725469"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1970.12/1970.12_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3439", "height": "5000", "filesize": "51604528"}, "date_created": "2005-01-24T18:36:18", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "78133a22b04c44a1bfcfcb9fcd63f3b6", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/78133a22b04c44a1bfcfcb9fcd63f3b6", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 144908, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-03-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 600", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mother and Child (Matrika)", "Matrika from Tanesara"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:35.624000"}, {"id": 138369, "accession_number": "1962.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Mlle. Alexandrine-Julie de la Boutraye, c. 1832\u201334. Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (French, 1798\u20131863). Oil on fabric; framed: 94.5 x 81 x 10.5 cm (37 3/16 x 31 7/8 x 4 1/8 in.); unframed: 73 x 59.2 cm (28 3/4 x 23 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, In memory of Maud Stager Eells, gift from her daughter, 1962.3", "current_location": "219 19th Century European", "title": "Mlle. Alexandrine-Julie de la Boutraye", "creation_date": "c. 1832\u201334", "creation_date_earliest": 1827, "creation_date_latest": 1839, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 94.5 x 81 x 10.5 cm (37 3/16 x 31 7/8 x 4 1/8 in.); Unframed: 73 x 59.2 cm (28 3/4 x 23 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.945, "height_inch": 37, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.81, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.105, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.73, "height_inch": 28, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.592, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed in center right: Eug Delacroix [infrared reveals a signature below the present one: Eug delacroix f. / 1832]\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519728, "title": "Centenaire d'Euge\u0300ne Delacroix", "description": "<i>Centenaire d'Euge\u0300ne Delacroix</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (organizer) (May 1-October 15, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-05-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 515959, "title": "La Peinture Francaise dans les Collections Americaines", "description": "<i>La Peinture Francaise dans les Collections Americaines</i>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France (organizer) (May 13-September 15, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-05-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, Exposition Universelle, Palais du Trocad\u00e9ro. Exposition des Portraits Historiques (1878), no. 855.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "New York, American Art Galleries. Loan Exhibition of Portraits (1903), no. 61, Portrait of a Lady.", "opening_date": "1903-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA. French Art since Eighteen Hundred (1929), CMA Bulletin 16 (1929): 159.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Art Institute of Chicago. Loan Exhibition of Paintings Watercolors, Drawings and Prints by Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (1930), no. 7, 45 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. Exposition Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (1930), 1: no. 70, 2:41 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Marie Harriman Gallery. Exhibition of Courbet and Delacroix (1933), no. 14", "opening_date": "1933-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art (1936), no. 272 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Knoedler &amp; Co. Figure Pieces: Loan Exhibition (1937), no. 2.", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Rochester, N.Y., Memorial Art Gallery. Precursors of Modern Art (1938), no. 12.", "opening_date": "1938-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, World's Fair. Catalogue of European &amp; American Paintings 1500-1900. Masterpieces of Art (1940), no. 242 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1940-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Wildenstein &amp; Co. Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix 1798-1863 (1944), no. 9, repr.", "opening_date": "1944-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Paris, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre. Centenaire d'Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix 1798-1863 (1963), no. 119.", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bordeaux, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts. La peinture fran\u00e7aise: Collections am\u00e9ricaines (1966), no. 43 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["589.34", "2579.32", "2561.29"], "did_you_know": null, "description": "The sitter, who was born in 1820, posed for this portrait in 1834. She later became the wife of Count Raymond du Tillet.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60468970"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1962.3-mlle-alexandrine-jul"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 159", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."}, {"citation": "Delacroix, Eug\u00e8ne, and Elizabeth Fernandez-Gimenez. \u201cMlle. Julie de La Boutraye.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 10 (December 1962): 236\u2013242.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 236-242; Reproduced: p. 237, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25151920"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n191"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 167", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n191"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 205", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n225"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 224-227, Vol. I, no. 81", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1962.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.3/1962.3_web.jpg", "width": "710", "height": "893", "filesize": "325090", "filename": "1962.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.3/1962.3_print.jpg", "width": "2705", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4849117", "filename": "1962.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1962.3/1962.3_full.tif", "width": "4774", "height": "6000", "filesize": "85964028", "filename": "1962.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "In memory of Maud Stager Eells, gift from her daughter", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Norma and Alfred Lerner Gallery", "athena_id": 138369, "creators": [{"id": 1658, "description": "Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (French, 1798\u20131863)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix studied under history painter Pierre-Narcisse Gu\u00e9rin (1774-1833) and at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts, though he did not succeed in competitions there. He soon befriended romantic painter Th\u00e9odore G\u00e9ricault (1791-1824) and exhibited at his first Salon in 1822 his powerful, moody The Barque of Dante (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). In the next Salon, inspired by the recent events in the Greeks' struggle for independence against the Turks, Delacroix showed Scenes from the Massacres at Chios (Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), a painting whose anti-academic composition, free brushwork, and brilliant color caused hostile critics to accuse the artist of the \"massacre of painting.\" Nevertheless, he was awarded a Salon medal and the state purchased the picture. \r\nAfter the early death of G\u00e9ricault, the young artist became the titular head of the French romantic artistic movement, as much for his innovative technique as his new themes. Widely read and an Anglophile, Delacroix drew frequently from British literature, especially Shakespeare, Byron, and Sir Walter Scott. He also developed a strong interest in orientalist subjects, spurred by the five-month trip to Morocco and southern Spain he took in 1832. He stressed the creative and imaginative elements of painting and opposed the academy for its rote learning and the bourgeoisie for its overly materialistic interests. Delacroix discussed his aesthetic ideas with an ever-expanding circle of writers, musicians, and artists that he frequented, including pianist-composer Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Chopin and writer George Sand. But ultimately he developed a personal conception of beauty that could only be expressed in an individualized manner. \r\nRecent studies have revised the long-standing interpretation of Delacroix as a radical, anticlassical, misunderstood, and unsupported genius. He greatly admired antiquity and the classical authors but insisted on avoiding the narrow or didactic view of them offered by the academies. He may not have emulated classical statuary as sources for his figures, but he did often represent heroic nude figures. For all his insistence on invention, Delacroix retained some sense of documentary reconstruction, for he made numerous studies of costumes and weapons and did other kinds of research before tackling certain subjects. From the beginning and throughout his career, Delacroix received many religious and historical painting commissions, from provincial churches to government buildings, under different rulers and even political systems. His allegorical work Liberty Leading the Barricades (1830-31, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris) represents the only painting in which the artist referred to a contemporary political event in France, the revolution that overthrew Louis XVIII and the Bourbon monarchy. This, too, was purchased by the state. In 1833 he was asked to decorate with allegories the Salon du Roi of the Palais Bourbon, the seat of the deputies. Their success brought him additional commissions in the same building, such as the library (1838), and then the library in the senate (1841-46), housed in the Palais du Luxembourg. His historical, religious, and allegorical paintings were often criticized by more conservative critics for a lack of decorum, anatomical distortions, too-bright or unnaturalistic color, and free brushwork, but he continued to find work because he was one of the few artists who continued to explore these \"elevated\" genres and had a sure sense of the decorative. \r\nExtremely prolific, Delacroix accomplished a major mural commission for the church of Saint-Sulpice in Paris (1850-63) the year before his death. He was even elected in 1857 to the Acad\u00e9mie des Beaux-Arts, but younger artists consistently regarded him as antiestablishment and a paragon of artistic experimentation. He wrote extensively on art and aesthetic issues, both in his private diaries and for published journals.1\r\n1. Recently, scholars such as Michele Hannoosh, Painting and the Journal of Eugene Delacroix (Princeton, 1995), have examined the content and style of Delacroix's texts for what they might tell about Delacroix the writer as well as the work and creative process of Delacroix the artist.\r\nDelacroix was one of the most innovative and successful painters of the first half of the 19th century. He is known as the last great history painter and his art is the ideal of Romanticism in the visual arts. Delacroix's career is marked by the paradox between the revolutionary and the conventional. He was in conflict with the artist Ingres and was seen as the leading figure of the French Romantic movement; he was famed for undermining the tradition of painting established by David, yet he benefited from official patronage from the beginning of the Restoration (1814-1830) until the Second Empire (1852-1870).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1798", "death_year": "1863", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1962-02-17T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1827, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1832\u201334", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Mlle. Julie de la Boutraye"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:05:09.913000"}, {"id": 112021, "accession_number": "1930.504", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Medallion with the Bust of Christ (\"The Cumberland Medallion\"), from the Guelph Treasure, late 700s. Germany, Weserraum, Migration period, late 8th century. Cloisonn\u00e9 enamel and gold on copper; diameter: 5.1 x 0.2 cm (2 x 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.504", "current_location": "106A Migration Period & Coptic", "title": "Medallion with the Bust of Christ (\"The Cumberland Medallion\"), from the Guelph Treasure", "creation_date": "late 700s", "creation_date_earliest": 775, "creation_date_latest": 799, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Weserraum, Migration period, late 8th century"], "technique": "cloisonn\u00e9 enamel and gold on copper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Migration Period", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Diameter: 5.1 x 0.2 cm (2 x 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.051, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.002, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355529, "title": "Exhibition of the Month: Components of Art: The Line", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the Month: Components of Art: The Line</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-April 12, 1948).", "opening_date": "1948-02-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301160, "title": "Jewelry Techniques Past and Present", "description": "<i>Jewelry Techniques Past and Present</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 3-April 4, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-02-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 515701, "title": "Charlemagne", "description": "<i>Charlemagne</i>. Hisotorical town hall, cathedral and cloister, Aachen, Germany (June 26-September 19, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "\u00d6sterreichisches Museum f\u00fcr Kunst und Industrie, Vienna (1869).", "opening_date": "1869-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "St\u00e4delsche Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt-am-Main (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Deutsche Gesellschaft, Berlin (1930).", "opening_date": "1930-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Guelph Treasure. </em>Goldschmidt and Reinhardt Galleries, New York", "opening_date": "1931-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Early Christian and Byzantine Art</em>. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (April 24\u2013June 24, 1947)", "opening_date": "1947-04-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Karl der Grosse: Werk und Wirkung. </em>Aachen, Rathaus and Kreuzgang des Domes (June 26\u2013September 19, 1965)", "opening_date": "1965-06-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "House of Brunswick-L\u00fcneburg; (Goldschmidt Galleries, New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": 112318, "description": "The So-called Horn of Saint Blaise, 1100\u20131200. South Italy or Sicily, 12th century. Ivory; overall: 12 cm (4 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.740", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112022, "description": "Monstrance with the \"Paten of Saint Bernward\", c. 1180\u20131190. Saint Oswald Reliquary Workshop (German). Silver, gilded silver, niello, rock crystal; overall: 34.5 x 15.9 x 14 cm (13 9/16 x 6 1/4 x 5 1/2 in.); part 1: 13.5 cm (5 5/16 in.); part 2: 34.3 cm (13 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with additional gift from Mrs. R. Henry Norweb, 1930.505", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112316, "description": "Arm Reliquary of the Apostles, c. 1190. Germany, Lower Saxony, Hildesheim, Romanesque period, late 12th century. Gilt silver, champlev\u00e9 enamel, oak; overall: 51 x 14 x 9.2 cm (20 1/16 x 5 1/2 x 3 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.739", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112319, "description": "Book-Shaped Reliquary, c. 1000. Circle of The Master of the Registrum Gregorii (German, active c. 972\u20131000). Ivory, silver: gilded, pearls, rubies, emeralds, crystals, onyx, carnelian, oak; overall: 31.6 x 24.4 x 7.5 cm (12 7/16 x 9 5/8 x 2 15/16 in.); part 1: 17.8 x 14 cm (7 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1930.741", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112958, "description": "Ceremonial Cross of Countess Gertrude, 1038 or shortly after. Germany, Lower Saxony?, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, intaglio gems, pearls, wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund with the addition of a gift from Mrs. Edward B. Greene 1931.55", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112971, "description": "Monstrance with a Relic of Saint Sebastian, 1484. Germany, Lower Saxony, Brunswick, Gothic period, 15th century. Gilded silver, rock crystal, bone, parchment; overall: 47 cm (18 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Julius F. Goldschmidt, Z. M. Hackenbroch, and J. Rosenbaum in memory of the Exhibition of the Guelph Treasure held in the Cleveland Museum of Art from 10 January to 1 February 1931, 1931.65", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112875, "description": "Ceremonial Cross of Count Liudolf, shortly after 1038. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold: worked in repouss\u00e9; cloisonn\u00e9 enamel; intaglio gems; pearls; wood core; overall: 24.2 x 21.6 cm (9 1/2 x 8 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1931.461", "relationship": null}, {"id": 112876, "description": "Portable Altar of Countess Gertrude, c. 1045. Germany, Lower Saxony?, Romanesque period, 11th century. Gold, cloisonn\u00e9 enamel, porphyry, gems, pearls, niello, wood core; overall: 10.5 x 27.5 x 21 cm (4 1/8 x 10 13/16 x 8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust 1931.462", "relationship": null}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This medallion may have originally served as a sacerdotal brooch and is the earliest object from the Guelph Treasure, the ecclesiastical treasure of Germany\u2019s Braunschweig (Brunswick) Cathedral.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763615"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.504-medallion-with-the-b"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "New York, Goldschmidt and Reinhardt Galleries: \"The Guelph Treasure,\"", "page_number": "p. 36, no. 2; pl. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cThe Acquisition of Six Objects from the Guelph Treasure for the Cleveland Museum of Art: Foreword.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 9 (November 1930): 163\u2013165.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 163-165", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137331"}, {"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cThe Acquisition of Six Objects from the Guelph Treasure for the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 17, no. 9 (November 1930): 165\u2013178, 183.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 175-176; Reproduced: p. 174", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137332"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition: June Twenty-Sixth to October Fourth 1936</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: [Cleveland Museum of Art], 1936.", "page_number": "p. 15, no. 5.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Baltimore, The Baltimore Msueum of Art: \"Early Christian and Byzantine Art\" April 24-June 24, 1947", "page_number": "cat. no. 522, LXIX.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 90", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n30"}, {"citation": "<em>Karl der Grosse: Werk und Wirkung</em>. Aachen, Rathaus and Kreuzgang des Domes (June 26\u2013September 19, 1965)", "page_number": "no. 125, p. 100.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n68"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 13; mentioned: p. 14; fig. 1", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n41"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 44", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n66"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n68"}, {"citation": "Winter, Patrick M. de. \u201cThe Sacral Treasure of the Guelphs.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 1 (March 1985): 2\u2013160.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 133; Reproduced: p. 12, plate IV", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159893"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 114-115, no. 35", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.504", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "873", "filesize": "277954", "filename": "1930.504_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3297", "filesize": "2481590", "filename": "1930.504_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_full.tif", "width": "7727", "height": "7493", "filesize": "173725500", "filename": "1930.504_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "875", "filesize": "224905"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3304", "filesize": "2190381"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt0_full.tif", "width": "7727", "height": "7508", "filesize": "174070140"}, "date_created": "2024-04-10T17:36:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "904", "height": "893", "filesize": "542654"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2785", "height": "2750", "filesize": "5481919"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2785", "height": "2750", "filesize": "23014692"}, "date_created": "2008-09-10T13:19:34", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "897", "height": "893", "filesize": "517904"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2728", "height": "2715", "filesize": "5424415"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2728", "height": "2715", "filesize": "22254852"}, "date_created": "2008-09-10T13:26:57", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "933", "height": "893", "filesize": "631175"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1605", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1924339"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.504/1930.504_alt3_full.tif", "width": "1605", "height": "1536", "filesize": "7398484"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 112021, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 775, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 700s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Cumberland Medallion"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:55:26.799000"}, {"id": 136950, "accession_number": "1961.421.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Scholar Reclining and Watching Rising Clouds, Poem by Wang Wei (\u5750\u770b\u96f2\u8d77\u5716), c. 1256. Ma Lin (Chinese, c. 1185\u2013after 1260). Album leaf; ink on silk; image: 25.1 x 25.3 cm (9 7/8 x 9 15/16 in.); with mat: 33.3 x 40.5 cm (13 1/8 x 15 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1961.421.1", "current_location": null, "title": "Scholar Reclining and Watching Rising Clouds, Poem by Wang Wei", "title_in_original_language": "\u5750\u770b\u96f2\u8d77\u5716", "creation_date": "c. 1256", "creation_date_earliest": 1251, "creation_date_latest": 1261, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Southern Song dynasty (1127-1279)"], "technique": "Album leaf; ink on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Album leaf", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 25.1 x 25.3 cm (9 7/8 x 9 15/16 in.); with mat: 33.3 x 40.5 cm (13 1/8 x 15 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.251, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.253, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "with mat": {"height": 0.333, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.405, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "album, opened": {"height": 0.665, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.405, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u81e3\u99ac\u9e9f", "inscription_translation": "Artist's signature: Your servant, Ma Lin.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "2 seals on mounting of Chu Sheng-chai (20th c.).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302276, "title": "Year in Review - 1962", "description": "<i>Year in Review - 1962</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 24-November 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-10-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520087, "title": "Tea Taste in Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Tea Taste in Japanese Art</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (February 20-April 21, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-02-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 358318, "title": "Wang Chi-ch'ien, Album Leaves from the Sung and Yuan Dynasties", "description": "<i>Wang Chi-ch'ien, Album Leaves from the Sung and Yuan Dynasties</i>. China House Gallery (organizer) (March 26-May 30, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301895, "title": "The Colors of Ink", "description": "<i>The Colors of Ink</i>. Asia House Galleries (January 10-March 3, 1974); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-May 12, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311446, "title": "Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection", "description": "<i>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17, 1991-January 5, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-09-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 213937, "title": "West Lake and the Mapping of Southern Song Art", "description": "<i>West Lake and the Mapping of Southern Song Art</i>. China Institute in America, New York, NY (organizer) (September 13-December 9, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-09-13T00:00:00"}, {"id": 312307, "title": "Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c", "description": "<i>Power and Possession: Chinese Calligraphy and Inscribed Objects \u2013 Chinese Gallery Rotation 240a, 241c</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (August 13, 2018-February 3, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-08-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Asia House Gallery, New York, 1963: Lee, Tea Taste, cat. no. 1.", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1981: Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting, cat. no. 57, p. 72.", "opening_date": "1981-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art; Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 120); July 22 - October 26, 2003.", "opening_date": "2003-07-22T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Nagatani, Inc., Chicago, IL, sold the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131961", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1961\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1961.421"], "did_you_know": "Ma Lin was the son of Ma Yuan, the artist renowned for his unique composition and often referred to as \"One-corner Ma.\"", "description": "Poem and painting, once mounted together as one fan, exemplify the collaboration between imperial patron and court painter. Emperor Lizong\u2019s calligraphy cites a verse from Wang Wei\u2019s (701\u2013761) poem, <em>Walking to where the water ends, I sit and watch when clouds arise</em>.<br><br>Ma Lin\u2019s response is this painting. At the water\u2019s edge, a scholar reclines by a large rock. The view leads across the empty middle ground to a distant mountain. With sparse ink and subtly graded washes, Ma Lin visualizes the poetic verse. The painting suggests the impact of Chan aesthetics through interaction between the palace, literati-officials, and monasteries around Hangzhou.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60466028"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1961.421.1-scholar-reclining-an"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Tea Taste in Japanese Art</em>. New York, NY: The Asia House Gallery, dist. by H. Abrams, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 1, p. 94; Reproduced: cat. no. 1, p. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. and Wai-Kam Ho. \"Scattered Pearls beyond the Ocean.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, Vol. 51, No. 2 (Feb., 1964), pp. 23\u201339.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 31, cat. no. 6", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151985"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n283"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 259", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n283"}, {"citation": "Wang, Chi-ch\u02bbien. <em>Album Leaves from the Sung and Yuan Dynasties</em>: <em>[Exhibition], March 26 Through May 30, 1970</em>. New York: The Gallery [China House Gallery], 1970.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no.35", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 342", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n362"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 72-73, cat. no. 57", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrist, Robert E. Jr. \"'Watching Clouds Rise': A Tang Dynasty Couplet and Its Illustration in Song Painting.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Vol. 78, No. 7 (Nov., 1991), pp. 301\u2013323.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 302, fig. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161335"}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. <em>The Lyric Journey: Poetic Painting in China and Japan</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30, no. 1.23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Murck, Alfreda. <em>Poetry and Painting in Song China: The Subtle Art of Dissent</em>. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Asia Center for the Harvard-Yenching Institute, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 200, fig. 46", "url": null}, {"citation": "Li, Huishu. <em>Exquisite Moments: West Lake &amp; Southern Song Art</em>. New York, NY: China Institute Gallery, China Institute: Distributed by Art Media Resources, Ltd., 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 104-105, cat. no. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 176\u2013177, no. 58", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1961.421.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "747", "filesize": "224237", "filename": "1961.421.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2821", "filesize": "4117413", "filename": "1961.421.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_full.tif", "width": "12113", "height": "10052", "filesize": "365308340", "filename": "1961.421.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "557", "height": "900", "filesize": "159715"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2105", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2434806"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "8099", "height": "13082", "filesize": "317881232"}, "date_created": "2022-06-28T15:42:35", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "557", "height": "900", "filesize": "154999"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2105", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1775015"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "8100", "height": "13082", "filesize": "317919600"}, "date_created": "2022-06-28T15:42:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1046", "height": "893", "filesize": "556307"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2904", "filesize": "2439661"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1961.421.1/1961.421.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6848", "height": "5848", "filesize": "120162380"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T15:47:58", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 136950, "creators": [{"id": 6218, "description": "Ma Lin (Chinese, c. 1185\u2013after 1260)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "active mid 1200s", "name_in_original_language": "\u99ac\u9e9f", "birth_year": "1180", "death_year": "1260", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1961-12-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1251, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1256", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1961.421", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Scholar Reclining and Watching Rising Clouds"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:59:35.879000"}, {"id": 84662, "accession_number": "2020.107", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Orange Christ, 1889. Maurice Denis (French, 1870\u20131943). Oil on board; unframed: 23.8 x 18.9 cm (9 3/8 x 7 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift, 2020.107", "current_location": null, "title": "The Orange Christ", "creation_date": "1889", "creation_date_earliest": 1889, "creation_date_latest": 1889, "artists_tags": ["male", "Nabis"], "culture": ["France"], "technique": "oil on board", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Unframed: 23.8 x 18.9 cm (9 3/8 x 7 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.287, "height_inch": 11, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.335, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.054, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.238, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.189, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "vertical studio monogram, lower left", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 396695, "title": "Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection", "description": "<i>Impressionism to Modernism: The Keithley Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 11, 2022-January 8, 2023).", "opening_date": "2022-09-11T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Maurice Denis</em>. Galerie Beaux-Arts, Paris, France (1963<em>).</em>", "opening_date": "1963-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maurice Denis</em>. Mus\u00e9e Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi, France (June 28-September 29, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-06-28T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maurice Denis</em>. Wildenstein Gallery, London, United Kingdom (1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maurice Denis et les Nabis</em>. Mus\u00e9e des beaux-arts, Angers, France (June 1-August 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maurice Denis</em>. Orangerie des Tuilleries, Paris, France (June 1-August 31, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-06-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maurice Denis</em>. Salles d'Exposition du Grenier \u00e0 Sel, Honfleur, France (July - Aug. 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-07-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Vincent van Gogh and the Birth of Cloisonism</em>. Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario (January 24 - March 22, 1981); Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (April 9 - 14 June 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-01-24T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maurice Denis - 100 ans apres a Alencon</em>. Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Dentelle d'Alencon, Alencon, France (July 6-September 29, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-07-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Le chemin de Gauguin : genese et rayonnement</em>. Mus\u00e9e du Prieure, Yvelines, France (October 7, 1985- March 2, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-10-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Spiritual in Art: Abstract Painting 1890-1985</em>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA organizer) (November 23, 1986-March 8, 1987); Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, IL (April 17-July 19, 1987); Haags Gemeentemuseum, (September 1-November 22, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-04-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Maurice Denis, 1870-1943. </em>Muse\u0301e des Beaux-Arts, Lyon, France (September 29-December 18, 1994); Wallraf-Richarts Museum, Cologne, Germany (January 22-April 2,1995); Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, United Kingdom (April 21-June 18, 1995); Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (July 7-September 17, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-09-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Gauguin\u2019s Vision. </em>Royal Scottish Academy Building, Edinburgh, Scotland (July 6- October 2, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-07-06T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The artist's studio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "By descent to the artist\u2019s son, Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Denis [1915\u20132004], Alen\u00e7on, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->[1] According to Anne Distel, <em>Maurice Denis </em>(Paris: Ministe\u0300re d'E\u0301tat, Affaires culturelles, 1970), cat. no. 7, the painting was in the collection of J.F. Denis, Alen\u00e7on.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Hopkins Custot, Paris, France, March 21, 2007, sold to Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->[2] According to Belinda Thomson, Frances Fowle, and Lesley Stevenson, <em>Gauguin\u2019s Vision</em> (Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland, 2005), p. 83, fig. 102, ill.</div>"], "date": "by 2005\u20132007", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley, Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2007\u20132020", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020\u2013", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "As reflected in the two-dimensionality and color blocking in this painting, Denis believed a painting was \"a flat surface covered with colors assembled in a certain order.\"", "description": "A devout Catholic, Maurice Denis sought to create what he described as \u201cimperishable icons.\u201d In this small painting, he used flat planes of intense colors to conjure emotion in the viewer. Here, a somber group of women, depicted as amorphous black forms, gather around an orange figure of Christ on the cross. The sky is a reddish-purple streaked with green clouds. Pink angels flank the crucified Christ whose head is haloed in brilliant yellow. In this painting, the daring young artist combined religious fervor with unprecedented visual experimentation.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q87480871"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2020.107-the-orange-christ"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Muse\u0301e Toulouse-Lautrec. <em>Exposition Maurice Denis; peintures, aquarelles, dessins, lithographies, du 28 juin au 29 septembre 1963, Muse\u0301e Toulouse-Lautrec. </em>Albi.1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 21, cat. no. 5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Angers. <em>Maurice Denis &amp; les Nabis: exposition Muse\u0301e des Beaux-Arts d'Angers, du 1er juin au 31 aou\u0302t 1967</em>. Angers, France: Le Muse\u0301e, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 2", "url": null}, {"citation": "Distel, Anne. <em>Maurice Denis. Orangerie des Tuileries, 3 juin-31 aou\u0302t 1970</em>. Paris, France: Ministe\u0300re d'E\u0301tat, Affaires culturelles, 1970.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 7", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Maurice Denis, 1870-1943</em>. Honfleur, France: Societe des artistes Honfleurais, 1975.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "Welsh-Ovcharov, Bogomila, and Vincent van Gogh. <em>Vincent Van Gogh and the Birth of Cloisonism</em>. Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 380, no. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Welsh-Ovcharov, Bogomila. <em>Vincent Van Gogh and the Birth of Cloisonism</em>. Toronto, Ontario: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1981.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 380, no. 143", "url": null}, {"citation": "Janin-Juvigny, Sophie, Franc\u0327oise Ramassamy, and Guy Taburet. <em>100 ans apre\u0300s a\u0300 Alenc\u0327on:</em> 6 juillet-29 septembre 1985, Muse\u0301e des beaux-arts et de la dentelle. Alenc\u0327on, France: Le Muse\u0301e, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25, no. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Le chemin de Gauguin: gene\u0300se et rayonnement. </em>Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France: Muse\u0301e de\u0301partemental du Prieure\u0301, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 94", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Tuchman, Maurice, Judi Freeman, and Carel Blotkamp. <em>The Spiritual in Art: Abstract Painting 1890-1985.</em> New York: Abbeville Press, 1986.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 353-354", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Muse\u0301e des Beaux Arts, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Walker Art Gallery, and Van Gogh Museum. <em>Maurice Denis: 1870-1943. </em>Paris, France: Re\u0301union des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 139, no. 19", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Belinda, Frances Fowle, and Lesley Stevenson. <em>Gauguin's Vision. </em>Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 83, fig. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stahl, Fabienne. \"Maurice Denis.\" In <em>The Keithley Collection at the Cleveland Museum of Art, </em>edited by Heather Lemonedes Brown, 68-73. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 68-73; Mentioned: p. 261-263", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.107", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.107/2020.107_web.jpg", "width": "726", "height": "900", "filesize": "373699", "filename": "2020.107_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.107/2020.107_print.jpg", "width": "2741", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3893285", "filename": "2020.107_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.107/2020.107_full.tif", "width": "4462", "height": "5535", "filesize": "74119012", "filename": "2020.107_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Nancy F. and Joseph P. Keithley Collection Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 84662, "creators": [{"id": 22965, "description": "Maurice Denis (French, 1870\u20131943)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1870", "death_year": "1943", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1889, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1889", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:39.333000"}, {"id": 128364, "accession_number": "1951.324", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Young Woman Arranging Her Earring, 1905. Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919). Oil on fabric; framed: 76.5 x 67.5 x 10 cm (30 1/8 x 26 9/16 x 3 15/16 in.); unframed: 55.3 x 46.4 cm (21 3/4 x 18 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of William G. Mather, 1951.324", "current_location": null, "title": "Young Woman Arranging Her Earring", "creation_date": "1905", "creation_date_earliest": 1905, "creation_date_latest": 1905, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 20th century"], "technique": "oil on fabric", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 76.5 x 67.5 x 10 cm (30 1/8 x 26 9/16 x 3 15/16 in.); Unframed: 55.3 x 46.4 cm (21 3/4 x 18 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.765, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.675, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.1, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.553, "height_inch": 21, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.464, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower left: Renoir \r\n\r\n\r\n", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616624, "title": "Fifty Years of French Art", "description": "<i>Fifty Years of French Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 29-November 29, 1926).", "opening_date": "1926-10-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 231315, "title": "Renoir: Promise of Happiness", "description": "<i>Renoir: Promise of Happiness</i>. Seoul Museum of Art, Seoul, Korea (Republic of) (organizer) (May 28-September 13, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-05-28T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "New York, Durand-Ruel. Exhibition of Paintings by Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1908), no. 40, Jeune fille arrangeant ses boucles d'oreille, 1906.", "opening_date": "1908-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA. French Paintings of the Later XIX Century (1921), no cat., lent by William G. Mather.", "opening_date": "1921-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA. Exhibition of Paintings-\u00c9douard Manet, Pierre Renoir, Berthe Morisot (1924-25), no cat., lent by W. G. Mather.", "opening_date": "1924-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA. Fifty Years of French Art (1926), no cat., lent by William G. Mather.", "opening_date": "1926-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA. French Art since 1800 (1929), CMA Bulletin 16 (1929): 162.", "opening_date": "1929-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA. Catalogue of the Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition of the Cleveland Museum of Art (1936), no. 308.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Renoir: A Special Exhibition of His Paintings (1937), no. 57 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1937-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Duveen Galleries. Centennial Loan Exhibition 1841-1941: Renoir (1941), no. 73, 95 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1941-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Saginaw (Mich.) Museum. Exhibition of Nineteenth Century French Painting (1948-49), no. 26, lent by Mr. and Mrs. William Gwinn Mather, Cleveland (repr.).", "opening_date": "1948-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Columbus (Ohio) Gallery of Fine Arts. Masterpieces of Painting. Treasures of Five Centuries (1950), Bulletin 21 (Fall 1950): no. 29 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1950-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Paul Rosenberg &amp; Co. Loan Exhibition-The Last Twenty Years of Renoir's Life (1954), no. 3 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1954-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Los Angeles County Museum; San Francisco Museum of Art. Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1841-1919: Paintings, Drawings, Prints, and Sculptures (1955), no. 66, fig. 66.", "opening_date": "1955-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Seoul Museum of Art (5/28/2009 - 9/13/2009):  \"Renoir: Promise of Happiness\"", "opening_date": "2009-05-28T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Bought from the artist by Durand-Ruel, Paris (stock number 8306) on 24 October 1906.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Sold to Durand-Ruel, New York (stock number 3224), 19 October 1908.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sold to Mrs. G. Mather, 5 April 1911.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "William G. Mather, Cleveland. Bequeathed to the CMA on 26 July 1951.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The model for this painting is Gabrielle Renard\u2014a housekeeper, nursemaid, studio assistant, and frequent model to Renoir.", "description": "During his later years, Pierre-Auguste Renoir moved away from pure Impressionism toward a classicizing style featuring strong, monumental figures of substantial weight and volume. This depiction of a woman arranging her earrings, a superb example of that trend in the artist's late work, may have been inspired by one of the figures in Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix\u2019s <em>Women of Algiers in their Apartment </em>(Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60515836"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.324-young-woman-arrangin"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "\u201cLists of Objects in the Exhibition.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 16, no. 9 (1929): 159\u201375.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 162", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25137248."}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cRecent Acquisitions Press Release,\u201d September 26, 1951, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr0030"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William, and Henry Francis. \"Bequest of William G. Mather.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>38, no. 8 (October 1951): 196-198", "page_number": "Reproduced: front cover; Mentioned: p. 198", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141735"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n201"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 177", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n201"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 219", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n239"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 536-537, Vol. II, no. 187", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Paintings in the Cleveland Museum of Art: Picture Book No. 4 .</em> [Cleveland]: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1952.", "page_number": "", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAPaintings1952"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.324", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.324/1951.324_web.jpg", "width": "748", "height": "900", "filesize": "273653", "filename": "1951.324_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.324/1951.324_print.jpg", "width": "2827", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4424800", "filename": "1951.324_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.324/1951.324_full.tif", "width": "11152", "height": "13411", "filesize": "448709296", "filename": "1951.324_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.324/1951.324_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "675", "height": "900", "filesize": "263613"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.324/1951.324_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3785588"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.324/1951.324_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12000", "height": "16000", "filesize": "576030232"}, "date_created": "2017-05-08T11:06:25", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.324/1951.324_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "750", "height": "893", "filesize": "471003"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.324/1951.324_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2857", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7259709"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.324/1951.324_alt1_full.tif", "width": "5042", "height": "6000", "filesize": "90788252"}, "date_created": "2007-07-09T14:40:35", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of William G. Mather", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128364, "creators": [{"id": 1765, "description": "Pierre-Auguste Renoir (French, 1841\u20131919)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Renoir's parents, a tailor and a dressmaker, moved their family to Paris in 1844. At age thirteen Renoir apprenticed with the porcelain decorators Levy Fr\u00e8res &amp; Cie. He earned money by painting fans, blinds, and murals for caf\u00e9s. In 1860 he registered to copy Old Master paintings in the Louvre and, the following year, entered the studio of Charles Gleyre (1806-1874), where he met Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Bazille (1841-1870), Monet (q.v.), and Sisley (q.v.). In 1862 he was also accepted at the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts. With his friends from Gleyre's studio, he began working en plein air and, during a visit to the forest of Fontainebleau, was introduced to Diaz de la Pe\u00f1a (q.v.). After a failed attempt in 1863, Renoir's first painting was accepted at the Salon of 1864, the same year he painted Cleveland's portrait of Romaine Lacaux. More typical of this early period, however, is the painting Diana the Huntress (1867, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), which reveals Courbet's (q.v.) influence. Around 1867 Renoir shared a studio with Bazille and Monet, the latter becoming an important influence on his art. Renoir and Monet's comparable impressionist style during this period is evident in two paintings each made at La grenouill\u00e8re (all four titled La grenouill\u00e8re, 1869: Nationalmuseum, Stockholm, and Pushkin Museum, Moscow [Renoir]; National Gallery, London, and Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York [Monet]),1 a bathing establishment on the Seine. After Renoir's military service during the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), Monet introduced him to the dealer Durand-Ruel, who began purchasing his works. Renoir's submissions to the Salon were regularly refused, which encouraged him to participate in the first impressionist exhibition in 1874 and the 1875 auction at H\u00f4tel Drouot, where his works were ridiculed by the critics. At the third impressionist exhibition in 1877, he showed Ball at the Moulin de la Galette (1876, Mus\u00e9e d'Orsay, Paris), in which he addressed a subject of modern life, one of his most characteristic impressionist paintings on a grand scale, with a rich pattern of light and shadow. In 1878 he returned to the Salon and became quite successful, establishing his reputation as a portraitist (1878, Mme Charpentier and her Children, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). He continued to use this official venue for the next several years, declining to exhibit with the impressionists. This decision was partly generated by the fact that his newfound clientele would be more appreciative of his participating in the Salon. He was supported by his patrons, particularly the Charpentiers, owners of a publishing house, whose journal La vie moderne furthered Renoir's reputation. After a trip to North Africa and Italy in 1881, he joined C\u00e9zanne at L'Estaque. Throughout the 1880s and 1890s Renoir traveled extensively through Brittany, Normandy, Provence, and Spain. In the mid-1880s he began to experiment with more linear contours, the application of thinner paint layers, and smoother brush strokes. This so-called Ingresque period, which had a very mixed reception, lasted for about six years. He then reflected upon the achievements of the Old Masters and favored a more fluid style, after which he returned to using broader brush strokes and more vibrant colors. In 1886 he was given a one-man show by Durand-Ruel. By 1900 Renoir was an established artist: he became Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1900 and four years later was honored at the Salon d'Automne with a gallery devoted to his works. Beginning in 1912 he suffered from rheumatism and began using a wheelchair, yet he continued to work until the end of his life. He now often stayed in southern France, where he owned property in Cagnes-sur-Mer. Renoir regularly exhibited his works at the Durand-Ruel and Bernheim-Jeune galleries in Paris, as well as elsewhere in Europe and in the United States.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1841", "death_year": "1919", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-07-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1905, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1905", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:37:36.521000"}, {"id": 130051, "accession_number": "1952.465", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Gospel Book with Evangelist Portraits, c. 1480. Master of the House-Book (German, c. 1470\u20131500). Ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; original blind stamped leather binding; codex: 23.7 x 18.4 x 5.4 cm (9 5/16 x 7 1/4 x 2 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1952.465", "current_location": null, "title": "Gospel Book with Evangelist Portraits", "creation_date": "c. 1480", "creation_date_earliest": 1475, "creation_date_latest": 1485, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Middle Rhine"], "technique": "ink, tempera, and gold on vellum; original blind stamped leather binding", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Manuscript Illuminations", "type": "Bound Volume", "measurements": "Codex: 23.7 x 18.4 x 5.4 cm (9 5/16 x 7 1/4 x 2 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"codex": {"height": 0.237, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.184, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.054, "depth_inch": 2, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304660, "title": "Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination", "description": "<i>Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 17-April 19, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301217, "title": "The Scholar in Art", "description": "<i>The Scholar in Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (April 19-28, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-04-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 442121, "title": "Livelier Than Life: The Master of the Amsterdam Print Cabinet", "description": "<i>Livelier Than Life: The Master of the Amsterdam Print Cabinet</i>. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Netherlands (organizer) (March 14-June 9, 1985); St\u00e4del Museum, Franfurt am Main, Germany (September 4-November 3, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-03-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311443, "title": "Scriptorium: The Illuminated Book in Medieval Art", "description": "<i>Scriptorium: The Illuminated Book in Medieval Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-February 2, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 222370, "title": "The Medieval Housebook:  The Real and the Ideal--A Fifteenth-Century View of Life", "description": "<i>The Medieval Housebook:  The Real and the Ideal--A Fifteenth-Century View of Life</i>. Frick Collection, New York, NY (organizer) (May 17-July 11, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-05-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 196935, "title": "The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>The Glory of the Painted Page: Manuscript Illuminations from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 6, 2010-April 17, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-11-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 376079, "title": "Imperial Splendor: The Art of the Book in the Holy Roman Empire, 800-1500", "description": "<i>Imperial Splendor: The Art of the Book in the Holy Roman Empire, 800-1500</i>. The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (October 15, 2021-January 23, 2022) https://www.themorgan.org/exhibitions/imperial-splendor.", "opening_date": "2021-10-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illuminations, The Cleveland Museum of Art, (March 17 - May 17, 1965); no.11.", "opening_date": "1965-03-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Master of the Masterdam Print Cabinet, Rijksmusuem, Amsterdam, (March 14-June 9, 1985); cat. 119, p. 246, repr. p. 230.", "opening_date": "1985-03-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Master of the Masterdam Print Cabinet, Stagelaches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt, (September 3 - November 3, 1985); cat. 119, p. 246, repr. p. 230.", "opening_date": "1985-09-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Heinrich Eisemann, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1952", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Oh", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1952-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The Hausbuch Master, also a printmaker, is thought to be the first artist to use a form of engraving known as drypoint.", "description": "The four gospels are preceded by a full-page portrait miniature of the appropriate evangelist. Per tradition, they are represented as contemporary scribes surrounded by all the tools of their trade\u2014ink pots, quill pens, and penknives. The anonymous illuminator of these miniatures, called the Hausbuch Master, is known primarily for an album of lively drawings as well as some 90 copper engravings now in Amsterdam. He was also apparently a panel painter of some distinction. The skillful pen work, tracery, and vine scrolls, as well as the large initials, are the work of other artists. The binding is original.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79911671"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1952.465-gospel-book-with-eva"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Stange, Alfred. <em>Deutsche Malerei der Gotik</em>. Berlin: Deutscher Kunst, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 120, 105; Reproduced: pl. 286", "url": null}, {"citation": "William M. Milliken, \"An Illuminated Manuscript by the Master of the Hausbuch\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>(June 1953)", "page_number": "121, 122, repr. 116 and 117", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Art Digest</em>. New York: Art Digest Inc, July 1953.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14, pl. 3", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Connoisseur</em>. London: National Magazine Co., December 1953.", "page_number": "211", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 192", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n45"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William Mathewson. The Cleveland Museum of Art. 1958.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "William D. Wixom, \"Twelve Masterpieces of Medieval and Renaissance Book Illumination\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> LI, no. 3 (March 1964)", "page_number": "p. 58-60, no. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Merald Ernest Wrolstad. <em>Selected Works.</em> 1966.", "page_number": "no. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n92"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 68", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n92"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 77", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n97"}, {"citation": "Filedt Kok, J. P. <em>Livelier Than Life: The Master of the Amsterdam Cabinet or the Master of the Housebook</em>, Ca. 1470-1500. Amsterdam: Rijksprentenkabinet in association with Gary Schwartz, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 246, no. 119, pl. 6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rijksmuseum (Netherlands), and Sta\u0308dtische Galerie im Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinstitut Frankfurt am Main. Vom Leben im spa\u0308ten Mittelalter: der Hausbuchmeister oder Meister des Amsterdamer Kabinetts : Rijksmuseum Amsterdam 14. Ma\u0308rz-9. Juni 1985 ; Sta\u0308dtische Galerie im Sta\u0308delschen Kunstinstitut Frankfurt am Main, 5. September-3. November 1985. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 222, cat. no. 119; Reproduced: p. 223", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hindman, Sandra. <em>The Robert Lehman Collection: IV. illuminations</em>. New York [NY]: Metropolitan Museum of Art [etc.], 1997.", "page_number": "19, fig. 2.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Husband, Timothy. <em>The Medieval Housebook &amp; the Art of Illustration</em>. New York: Frick Collection, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 266; Reproduced: p. 267, no. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 94, p. 250", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Resplendent Faith: Liturgical Treasuries of the Middle Ages</em>. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2009.", "page_number": "80, fig. 67", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pelgen, Franz L., and Nikolaus Nievergalt. Nikolaus Nievergalt aus Speyer und seine spa\u0308tgotischen Altartafeln. Speyer : Pilgerverlag GmbH, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 182-186, abb 160-163", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1952.465", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.465/1952.465_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "529475", "filename": "1952.465_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.465/1952.465_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "7764404", "filename": "1952.465_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1952.465/1952.465_full.tif", "width": "4908", "height": "6352", "filesize": "93555836", "filename": "1952.465_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130051, "creators": [{"id": 543568, "description": "Master of the House-Book (German, c. 1470\u20131500)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "miniatures by", "biography": "German painter and printmaker, active ca. 1470-1500", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1952-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1480", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:42:42.115000"}, {"id": 132616, "accession_number": "1955.140", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Still Life with Birds and Fruit, c. 1650. Giovanna Garzoni (Italian, 1600\u20131670). Watercolor with graphite, heightened with lead white; sheet: 25.7 x 41.6 cm (10 1/8 x 16 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of Mrs. Elma M. Schniewind in memory of her parents Mr. and Mrs. Frank Geib, 1955.140", "current_location": null, "title": "Still Life with Birds and Fruit", "creation_date": "c. 1650", "creation_date_earliest": 1645, "creation_date_latest": 1655, "artists_tags": ["female"], "culture": ["Italy"], "technique": "watercolor with graphite, heightened with lead white", "support_materials": [{"description": "vellum", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 25.7 x 41.6 cm (10 1/8 x 16 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.257, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.416, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301689, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection: 15th-17th Centuries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 18-October 11, 1960).", "opening_date": "1960-05-18T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302279, "title": "Water Color", "description": "<i>Water Color</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 6-August 27, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-06-06T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304714, "title": "European Watercolors Through the 18th Century", "description": "<i>European Watercolors Through the 18th Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 14-March 22, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-01-14T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361424, "title": "Florentine Baroque in American Collections", "description": "<i>Florentine Baroque in American Collections</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 16-June 15, 1969).", "opening_date": "1969-04-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361425, "title": "Women Artists, 1550 - 1950", "description": "<i>Women Artists, 1550 - 1950</i>. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (December 21, 1976-March 13, 1977); Blanton Museum of Art, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX (April 12-June 12, 1977); Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (July 14-September 4, 1977); The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY (October 1-November 27, 1977).", "opening_date": "1976-12-21T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311462, "title": "Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650", "description": "<i>Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 20, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-08-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 177051, "title": "The Flowering of Florence:  Botanical Art for the Medici, 1550-1750", "description": "<i>The Flowering of Florence:  Botanical Art for the Medici, 1550-1750</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (March 3-May 27, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-03-03T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 454621, "title": "Making Her Mark: A History of Women Artists in Europe, 1400-1800", "description": "<i>Making Her Mark: A History of Women Artists in Europe, 1400-1800</i>. The Baltimore Museum of Art, Baltimore, MD (co-organizer) (October 1, 2023-January 7, 2024) https://artbma.org/exhibition/making-her-mark-a-history-of-women-artists-in-europe-1400-1800; Art Gallery of Ontario, Ontario M5T 1G4, Canada (organizer) (co-organizer) (March 27-July 1, 2024) https://ago.ca/exhibitions/making-her-mark-history-women-artists-europe-1400-1800.", "opening_date": "2023-10-01T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Elma M. Schniewind [1875-1954], Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 10, 1955", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Giovanna Garzoni was one of just a few women artists to rise to prominence in Italy in the 1600s.", "description": "Garzoni was one of the few women artists to achieve prominence in Italy during the 1600s. She garnered fame with her naturalistic still lifes on vellum, which combined scientific accuracy with sensitive artistry. Here, three small goldfinches on fruit branches and a larger bee-eater are dispersed across an earth-toned ground. The goldfinches sit on branches from which hang two plums (left), a peach (center), and a pear (right). A yellow quince and purple fig appear in the left foreground. Garzoni\u2019s refined interpretations of the natural world suited the taste of aristocratic patrons like the Medici family, who acquired her drawings to decorate their villas.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80024674"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1955.140-still-life-with-bird"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Bacci, Mina, \"Jacopo Ligozzi e la Sua Posizione Nella Pittura Fiorentina,\" Proporzioni Vol. IV (1963):", "page_number": "pp. 53, 77, under no. 20, fig. 5 (as Jacopo Ligozzi)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palazzo reale (Naples, Italy). La Natura morta italiana. Milano: Alfieri &amp; Lacroix, 1964.", "page_number": "p. 28, under no. 17", "url": null}, {"citation": "Columbia University, and Joan Nissman. Florentine Baroque Art from American Collections. 1969.", "page_number": "no. 36, pp. 42-42, fig. 18", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harris, Ann Sutherland, and Linda Nochlin. Women Artists, 1550-1950. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "no. 21, p. 136", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ciardi, Roberto Paolo, and Lucia Tongiorgi Tomasi. Immagini anatomiche e naturalistiche nei disegni degli Uffizi, secc. XVI e XVII. Firenze: L.S. Olschki, 1984.", "page_number": "p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fondazione Palazzo Strozzi (Florence, Italy), and Comitato Raffaello e Seicento fiorentino. Il Seicento fiorentino: arte a Firenze da Ferdinando I a Cosimo III : Palazzo Strozzi 21 dicembre 1986/4 maggio 1987. Firenze: Cantini, 1986.", "page_number": "p. 459, under no. 1.259", "url": null}, {"citation": "Casale, Gerardo, Giovanna Garzoni, and Paola Lanzara. Giovanna Garzoni: \"insigne miniatrice,\" 1600-1670. Milano: Jandi Sapi, 1991.", "page_number": "no. a35 (as after Giovanna Garzoni), pp. 30, 45 (illus), 47, 90", "url": null}, {"citation": "Piland, Sherry, and Donna G. Bachmann. Women Artists: An Historical, Contemporary, and Feminist Bibliography. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.", "page_number": "p. 77 (illus)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Trinity Fine Art Ltd, \"An Exhibition of Old Master Drawings, Prints, and Paintings,\" 6 May-15 May, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 36, under no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 19, pp. 58-59, pp. 285-86; Reproduced: p. 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Meloni Trkulja, Silvia, Elena Fumagalli, and Giovanna Garzoni. Still lifes, Giovanna Garzoni = Giovanna Garzoni, Stilleben = Natures mortes, Giovanna Garzoni. 2000.", "page_number": "pp. 50-51 (illus).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Tongiorgi Tomasi, Lucia, and Gretchen A. Hirschauer. The Flowering of Florence: Botanical Art for the Medici. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "cat. no. 56, p. 89", "url": null}, {"citation": "Palter, Robert. The Duchess of Malfi's Apricots, and Other Literary Fruits. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.", "page_number": "fig. 10, p. 73", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kehlenbeck,Gerhard, Thomas le Claire,and Karoline von K\u00fcgelgen. Master Drawings NO. 26 (Hamburg : Le Claire Kunst, 2010).", "page_number": "cat. no. 6.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lanthony, Philippe. A Natural History of Colour Vision. 2012.", "page_number": "p. 32", "url": null}, {"citation": "Garrard, Mary D. \"The Not-So-Still Lifes of Giovanna Garzoni.\" In \"<em>The Immensity of the Universe\" in the Art of Giovanna Garzoni.</em> Sheila Barker, ed., 62-77. Livorno: Sillabe, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 71; reproduced: P. 14-15, 73, fig. 10", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Caffi, Margherita, Gianluca Bocchi, and Ulisse Bocchi. Margherita Caffi e l'atelier dei Vicenzini. 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17, p.34 note 40; reproduced: p. 41, VV.4a", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Banta, Andaleeb Badiee, Alexa Greist, and Theresa Kutasz Christensen. <em>Making Her Mark: A History of Women Artists in Europe, 1400-1800</em>. Fredericton, New Brunswick : Goose Lane Editions ; Toronto, Ontario : AGO ; Baltimore, Maryland : Baltimore Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned, pp. 109, 226, illus. (detail), p. 109, fig. 3, cat. 155, p. 227, illus., p. 227", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1955.140", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.140/1955.140_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "565", "filesize": "294895", "filename": "1955.140_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.140/1955.140_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2136", "filesize": "3140714", "filename": "1955.140_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.140/1955.140_full.tif", "width": "9648", "height": "6060", "filesize": "175431261", "filename": "1955.140_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.140/1955.140_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "560", "filesize": "208663"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.140/1955.140_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2117", "filesize": "2301177"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.140/1955.140_alt0_full.tif", "width": "15726", "height": "9791", "filesize": "461952404"}, "date_created": "2013-12-19T13:15:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.140/1955.140_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "776", "filesize": "871767"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.140/1955.140_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1259", "filesize": "2368333"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1955.140/1955.140_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1259", "filesize": "7737996"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of Mrs. Elma M. Schniewind in memory of her parents Mr. and Mrs. Frank Geib", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 132616, "creators": [{"id": 11930, "description": "Giovanna Garzoni (Italian, 1600\u20131670)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1600", "death_year": "1670", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1955-03-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1645, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1650", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:49:50.767000"}, {"id": 147607, "accession_number": "1974.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Still Life with Herrings, c. 1735. Jean-Sim\u00e9on Chardin (French, 1699\u20131779). Oil on canvas; framed: 58.5 x 50.5 x 8.5 cm (23 1/16 x 19 7/8 x 3 3/8 in.); unframed: 41 x 33.6 cm (16 1/8 x 13 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1974.1", "current_location": "216B French and German", "title": "Still Life with Herrings", "creation_date": "c. 1735", "creation_date_earliest": 1730, "creation_date_latest": 1740, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 18th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - French 18th Century", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 58.5 x 50.5 x 8.5 cm (23 1/16 x 19 7/8 x 3 3/8 in.); Unframed: 41 x 33.6 cm (16 1/8 x 13 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.585, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.505, "width_inch": 19, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875, "depth": 0.085, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.41, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.336, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed lower right: \"chardin\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302084, "title": "Year in Review: 1974", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1974</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 11-April 6, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-03-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443315, "title": "Chardin, 1699 - 1779", "description": "<i>Chardin, 1699 - 1779</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (co-organizer) (January 26-April 30, 1979); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (co-organizer) (June 6-August 12, 1979); Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, MA (co-organizer) (September 11-November 19, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-01-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310012, "title": "The Magic of Still Life", "description": "<i>The Magic of Still Life</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 4, 1986-February 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-11-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 184132, "title": "Masterworks from The Phillips Collection", "description": "<i>Masterworks from The Phillips Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 20-May 29, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-20T00:00:00"}, {"id": 231503, "title": "Jean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin", "description": "<i>Jean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin</i>. Palazzo dei Diamanti, 44110 Ferrara, Italy (October 17, 2010-January 30, 2011); Museo Nacional del Prado, Madrid, Spain (February 28-May 29, 2011).", "opening_date": "2010-10-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Exposition Retrospective</em>, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts, Tours, France, (1873).", "opening_date": "1873-01-01T04:56:02Z"}, {"description": "<em>Exposition Chardin et Fragonard</em>, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, France (June-July, 1907).", "opening_date": "1907-06-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>French Still Life from Chardin to C\u00e9zanne</em>, Arnold Seligmann-Helft Galleries, New York, NY (October 29-November 22, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-10-29T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Benoist", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1857", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Benoist sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, March 30, 1857, no. 12, probably sold to Monsieur R.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "March 30, 1857", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Monsieur R., Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Probably 1857-1860", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Monsieur R. collection sale, Rouillard, Paris, April 28, 1860, no. 12, possibly sold to Henri", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 28, 1860", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Henri Viollet [1849-1926?], Tours, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1&nbsp; Viollet may have purchased the painting at the 1860 Lecocq sale of the collection of Monsieur R.&nbsp; The 1881 sale at H\u00f4tel Drouot of Viollet's collection does not include this painting, and thus, it was most likely no longer in his possession by that point.&nbsp;</div>"], "date": "Possibly 1860-by 1881", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Alfred [1811-1893] and Paul [1833-1903] Mame, Tours, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Alfred and Paul Mame were father and son.</div>"], "date": "Until 1904", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(Mame sale, Galerie Georges Petit, Paris, France, April 26-29, 1904, no. 7, sold to Alexis Vollon)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "April 26-29, 1904", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Alexis Vollon [1865-1945], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1904-1909", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "David David-Weill [1871-1952], Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 David David-Weill was a prominent art collector in Paris.&nbsp; In 1937 he sold many objects to Wildenstein &amp; Co., and then in 1940, he fled Paris.&nbsp; At this time, much of his collection was seized by the Nazis, and many of these items were returned to him after the war.&nbsp; This painting, however, appears to have remained in David-Weill\u2019s collection throughout the war and until 1952; it appears in no databases of looted objects or in NARA\u2019s archival records. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "By 1925-1952", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Rosenberg and Stiebel, New York, NY, sold to Sidney J. Lamon)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 Rosenberg and Stiebel purchased this painting from Lazard Fr\u00e8res, the financial firm of which David-Weill was chairman.</div>"], "date": "1952", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Sidney J. Lamon [d. 1973], New York, NY", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1952-1973", "sortorder": 11}, {"description": "(Sale, Christie\u2019s, London, June 29, 1973, no. 21, sold to Frederick Mont/Newhouse Galleries) 1", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->1 The buyer listed in the catalogue is \"Newhoune\" [sic].</div>"], "date": "June 29, 1973", "sortorder": 12}, {"description": "(Frederick Mont and Newhouse Galleries, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1973-1974", "sortorder": 13}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1974-", "sortorder": 14}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "Chardin reflected intensely on the act of observation. Still life became a forum for sophisticated performances in paint, and his complex technique\u2014he famously worked in private\u2014uses a staggering combination of delicate glazes and roughly dragged thick paint to capture the varied surfaces, atmospheres, and spaces in this humble pantry shelf. Acutely aware of recent developments in optics and physics, Chardin explored ideas about light, shadow, and color, and fully expected his work to be inspected closely.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472554"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1974.1-still-life-with-herr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Ho\u0302tel Drouot. <em>Tableaux anciens et modernes de l'e\u0301cole franc\u0326aise</em>. March 30, 1857.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Chronique, Documents, Faits Divers,\" R<em>evue Universelle des Arts</em>, VI (1857).", "page_number": "p. 181", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rouillard. <em>Tableaux anciens</em>. April 28, 1860.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Album de l'Exposition re\u0301trospective des beaux-arts de Tours</em>. Tours: Georget-Joubert, 1873.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Darcel, Alfred.<em> Exposition re\u0301trospective de Tours, par ... Alfred Darcel.</em> Tours: Georget-Joubert, 1873.", "page_number": "cat.no. 501", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Galerie Georges Petit. <em>Tableaux anciens et modernes</em>. April 26-29, 1904.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Comite\u0301 Chardin et Fragonard (Paris), and Galerie Georges Petit (Paris). E<em>xposition Chardin et Fragonard: Galeries Georges Petit, Paris ; juin-juillet 1907</em>. 1907.", "page_number": "cat. no. 68", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guiffrey, Jean \"Exposition Chardin-Fragonard,\" <em>Revue de l'Art Ancien et Moderne</em>, XXII, (1907).", "page_number": "p. 102", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Maurice Tourneux, \"L'Exposition Chardin-Fragonard,\" <em>Gazette des Beaux-Arts</em>, XXXVIII (1907).", "page_number": "p. 98", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henri Frantz, \"The Chardin-Fragonard Exhibition in Paris,\" <em>The Studio</em>, XLII (1908).", "page_number": "p. 29", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Otto Grautoff, \"Jean-Baptiste Simeon Chardin,\" <em>Kunst und K\u00fcnstler</em>, VI (1908).", "page_number": "p. 498", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Guiffrey, Jean. <em>Catalogue raisonne\u0301 de l'\u0153uvre peint et dessine\u0301 de J.-B. Sime\u0301on Chardin: suivi de la liste des gravures exe\u0301cute\u0301es d'apre\u0300s ses ouvraves.</em> [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 1908.", "page_number": "p. 90, no. 220", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dayot, Armand, and Le\u0301andre Vaillat. L'\u0153uvre de J.-B.-S. Chardin et de J.-H. Fragonard. Paris: F. Gittler, 1908.", "page_number": "see Introduction, and nn. on p. iv, no. 19", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Furst, Herbert. <em>Chardin</em>. London: Methuen &amp; Co, 1911.", "page_number": "2, pl. 111", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Henriot, Gabriel. <em>Collection David-Weill. </em>Paris : Braun &amp; Cie, 1926.", "page_number": "pp. 35- 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. <em>Chardin</em>. Paris: Les Beaux-arts, e\u0301dition d'e\u0301tudes et de documents, 1933.", "page_number": "no. 896, fig. 125, and no. 898", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Arnold Seligmann-Helft Galleries.<em> French Still Life from Chardin to Cezanne. Loan Exhibition for the Benefit of the Quaker Emergency Service.</em> 1947.", "page_number": "cat. no. 9", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges. <em>Chardin</em>. [Zu\u0308rich]: Manesse, 1963.", "page_number": "), no. 272., fig. 127, and no. 56, fig. 27", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Wildenstein, Georges, and Daniel Wildenstein. Chardin. Greenwich, Conn: New York Graphic Society, 1969.", "page_number": "no. 272, fig. 127, and no. 56, fig. 27", "url": null}, {"citation": "Christie, Manson & Woods. Highly Important Pictures by Old Masters. 1973.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Davis, Frank. \"Talking about Salerooms: 'King of Pots and Pans'\" <em>Country Life</em> (August 16, 1973).", "page_number": "p. 434", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Clark, Carol C. \u201cJean-Baptiste Sim\u00e9on Chardin: Still Life with Herring.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 9 (1974).", "page_number": "p. 285, figs. 3 and 4", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152549"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1974.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 62, no. 3 (1975).", "page_number": "cat.no. 46", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152580"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 178", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n198"}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on Chardin, and Sally W. Goodfellow.<em> Chardin, 1699-1779: A Special Exhibition Organized by the Re\u0301union Des Muse\u0301es Nationaux, Paris, the Cleveland Museum of Art, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979.", "page_number": "cat.no. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Chardin, 1699-1799: notes on</em> the exhibition at the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1979. Cleveland: [s.n.], 1979.", "page_number": "p. 16, figs. 10 and 11", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 60-61; Reproduced: p. 60", "url": null}, {"citation": "Borowitz, Helen O. \u201cThe Watteau and Chardin of Marcel Proust.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 69, no. 1 (1982).", "page_number": "p. 18", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159754"}, {"citation": "Chardin, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on, and Pierre Rosenberg. <em>Chardin: il pittore del silenzio.</em> Ferrara: Ferrara arte, 2010.", "page_number": "ex. cat. no. 21, p. 112-113", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bourg, Alexis Merle Du. \"Il Maestro Delle Nature \"Inanimate.\"\" <em>Chardin suppl</em>. no. 272 (Dec. 2010).", "page_number": "p. 21", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Chardin, Jean Baptiste Sime\u0301on, and Pierre Rosenberg. <em>Chardin, 1699-1779. </em>Madrid: Museo Nacional del Prado, 2011.", "page_number": "cat. no. 21, pp 112-5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 193", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Merle du Bourg, Alexis.<em> Chardin</em>. Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 219-221, no. 202 & 203", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1974.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.1/1974.1_web.jpg", "width": "723", "height": "893", "filesize": "468869", "filename": "1974.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.1/1974.1_print.jpg", "width": "2754", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6776239", "filename": "1974.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1974.1/1974.1_full.tif", "width": "4455", "height": "5500", "filesize": "73539532", "filename": "1974.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147607, "creators": [{"id": 1896, "description": "Jean-Sim\u00e9on Chardin (French, 1699\u20131779)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1699", "death_year": "1779", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1974-01-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1730, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1735", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:34:26.628000"}, {"id": 143142, "accession_number": "1967.127", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Battle of the Nudes, 1470s\u201380s. Antonio del Pollaiuolo (Italian, 1431/32\u20131498). Engraving; platemark: 42 x 60.4 cm (16 9/16 x 23 3/4 in.); sheet: 42.4 x 60.9 cm (16 11/16 x 24 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1967.127", "current_location": null, "title": "Battle of the Nudes", "creation_date": "1470s\u201380s", "creation_date_earliest": 1470, "creation_date_latest": 1489, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, 15th century"], "technique": "engraving", "support_materials": [], "department": "Prints", "collection": "PR - Engraving", "type": "Print", "measurements": "Platemark: 42 x 60.4 cm (16 9/16 x 23 3/4 in.); Sheet: 42.4 x 60.9 cm (16 11/16 x 24 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.424, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.609, "width_inch": 24, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "platemark": {"height": 0.42, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.604, "width_inch": 23, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301400, "title": "Albrecht D\u00fcrer - 500th Anniversary", "description": "<i>Albrecht D\u00fcrer - 500th Anniversary</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 19-March 28, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301412, "title": "Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage", "description": "<i>Florence and the Arts: Five Centuries of Patronage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 13-September 19, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-07-13T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311444, "title": "Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum", "description": "<i>Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 7-September 8, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-06-07T04:00:00"}, {"id": 177030, "title": "CASVA (Curatorial/Conservation Colloquy in conjunction with the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts)", "description": "<i>CASVA (Curatorial/Conservation Colloquy in conjunction with the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts)</i>. National Gallery of Art, Landover, MD (organizer) (June 19-21, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-06-19T00:00:00"}, {"id": 185724, "title": "Battle of the Nudes: Pollaiuolo's Renaissance Masterpiece", "description": "<i>Battle of the Nudes: Pollaiuolo's Renaissance Masterpiece</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 25-October 27, 2002).", "opening_date": "2002-08-25T00:00:00"}, {"id": 204986, "title": "Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper from the Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 9-June 8, 2014).", "opening_date": "2014-03-09T00:00:00"}, {"id": 288386, "title": "Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art", "description": "<i>Gods and Heroes: Ancient Legends in Renaissance Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 26-December 31, 2017).", "opening_date": "2017-08-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 443698, "title": "Botticelli: The Drawings", "description": "<i>Botticelli: The Drawings</i>. Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA (November 18, 2023-February 11, 2024) https://www.famsf.org/exhibitions/botticelli-drawings.", "opening_date": "2023-11-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Considered a groundbreaking work in the history of the Italian Renaissance, the CMA holds the only known impression of the print's first state.", "description": "This engraving is one of the earliest Renaissance prints to portray the nude male body in action. Antonio del Pollaiuolo\u2019s grimacing warriors appear like clones in different poses. The print may have functioned as a model for workshop apprentices studying human anatomy while learning to draw; however, the artist\u2019s Latin signature suggests it also had an audience educated in literature. Art historians remain uncertain whether Pollaiuolo intended to depict a particular story or historical event. It is possible he created a deliberately ambiguous allegory that would appeal to patrons interested in interpreting symbols. For example, the continuous chain shared by the two central men could refer to an ancient idea that the body is the chain of the soul, only to be released in death.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2984746"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1967.127-battle-of-the-nudes"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Langdale, Shelley R., and Antonio Pollaiolo. <em>Battle of the Nudes: Pollaiuolo's Renaissance Masterpiece</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2002.", "page_number": "exh. cat. number 1, p. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/41826494?seq=1"}, {"citation": "\u201cYear in Review.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 10 (December 1967): 302\u2013346.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 308; Mentioned: p. 344, no. 94", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152183"}, {"citation": "Richards, Louise S. \u201cAntonio Pollaiuolo: Battle of Naked Men.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 55, no. 3 (March 1968): 63\u201370.", "page_number": "", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152201"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 79", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n101/"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 91", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n109/"}, {"citation": "Driscoll, Ann. \"The Pig Painter: Parties, Poets, and Pollaiuolo.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 80, no. 3 (1993): 83-111.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99; Mentioned: p. 97-111", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161392"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth. <em>Knockouts: a pocket guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 115, p. 102 - 103", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Langdale, Shelley R., \"Mastering the Human Form\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 42 no. 06, Summer 2002", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2002-06/page/n5"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 347-348", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Glaubinger, Jane and Lemonedes, Heather. \u201cTreasures on Paper: The Cr\u00e8me de la cr\u00e8me of the museum\u2019s prints and drawings collection is now on view.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 2 (March/April 2014): 6.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-02"}, {"citation": "Berti, Luciano, Federica Chezzi, Antonio Natali, and Mario Sperenzi. <em>Botticelli: approccio nel nuovo millennio</em>. Firenze: Centro Di, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned; p. 62; Reproduced: p. 64", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. \"Michelangelo's David: Full Frontal Nudity in the Age of Savonarola.\" <em>Source: Notes in the History of Art</em>. v. 35 no. 1/2 (2015/2016): 118-125", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 120-121", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schulz, Anne Markham. <em>The History of Venetian Renaissance Sculpture, Ca. 1400-1530</em>. London : Harvey Miller Publishers, 2017.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 162; Reproduced fig. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nethersole, Scott. <em>Art and Violence in Early Renaissance Florence</em>. <br>New Haven, Connecticut : Yale University Press, 2018", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 20, 34, 116-117, 176-182, 179. figs. 6, 79,144,147", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rubin, Patricia Lee. <em>Seen from Behind: Perspectives on the Male Body and Renaissance Art.</em> New Haven : Yale University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 40-41, 122-123, 213, pl. 1.41, 4.14, 6.33", "url": null}, {"citation": "Heisterberg, Marion. Zwischen exemplum und opus absolutum: Studien zum Abzeichnen im italienischen Tre- und Quattrocento zwischen Mustertransfer und Kopie. 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned; pp. 421-422, fig. 265", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Raphael, and Francesco Federico Mancini. Fortuna e mito di Raffaello in Umbria. 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 146-148, fig. 5", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J. <em>The Agency of Female Typology in Italian Renaissance Paintings</em>. Newcastle-upon-Tyne : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 87; reproduced: p. 89, fig. 4.4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Armendola, Adriano, and Blanche Bauchau. L\u2019ornement Pre\u0301Cieux. Edited by Francesco Solinas, Marie-Laure Cassius-Duranton, Guillaume Glorieux, Cle\u0301mence de Gasperi, and Federica Piantoni. [Rome]: De Luca editori d\u2019arte, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 78-79, fig. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Gasparotto, Davide. \"Artisti e Anatomia fra Quattro e Cinquecento: Dall\"Esperienza alla Rappresentazione.\" In <em>Corpi Moderni: La Costruzione Del Corpo Nella Venezia Del Rinasciemento: Leonardo, Michelangelo, D\u00fcrer, Giorgione, </em>Gallerie dell\u2019Accademia di Venezia, 64-64-69. Venezia: Marsilio Arte, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 66; Reproduced: p. 68, fig. 3", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Hind I,191,D.I.1 ; Bartsch XIII.202.2", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1967.127", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.127/1967.127_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "627", "filesize": "283209", "filename": "1967.127_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.127/1967.127_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2368", "filesize": "3943570", "filename": "1967.127_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.127/1967.127_full.tif", "width": "21465", "height": "14950", "filesize": "962739264", "filename": "1967.127_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.127/1967.127_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "628", "filesize": "259930"}, "print": {"url": 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"width": "1263", "height": "884", "filesize": "888435"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.127/1967.127_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2379", "filesize": "6426360"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1967.127/1967.127_alt8_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "3498", "filesize": "52485148"}, "date_created": "2006-01-30T20:57:51", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 143142, "creators": [{"id": 24324, "description": "Antonio del Pollaiuolo (Italian, 1431/32\u20131498)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1431", "death_year": "1498", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1967-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1470, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1470s\u201380s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Battle of Naked Men"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-06-10 19:44:31.778000"}, {"id": 96102, "accession_number": "1916.1845", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Chanfron in Maximilian Style, c. 1510. Germany, Nuremberg (?), early 16th Century. Steel ; overall: 59.2 x 33.2 x 10.1 cm (23 5/16 x 13 1/16 x 4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1845", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Chanfron in Maximilian Style", "creation_date": "c. 1510", "creation_date_earliest": 1505, "creation_date_latest": 1515, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Germany, Nuremberg (?), early 16th Century"], "technique": "steel ", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "measurements": "Overall: 59.2 x 33.2 x 10.1 cm (23 5/16 x 13 1/16 x 4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.592, "height_inch": 23, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "width": 0.332, "width_inch": 13, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.101, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 190103, "title": "Armor Court Reinstallation", "description": "<i>Armor Court Reinstallation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "1998-09-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Forge of Vulcan: European Arms and Armor,</em> Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 24, 1992-May 30, 1993).", "opening_date": "1992-11-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Edwin J. Brett (1827-1895), London, England", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber; Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Nuremberg was a chief armor production center and gained international renown; products from here were exported throughout Europe.", "description": "The chanfron was the primary element that protected and decorated a horse's forehead and face. It consisted of a plate of steel contoured to the horse's head from its ears to its nostrils. Normally, two holes were cut at each side of the forehead for the ears, and earpieces were sometimes riveted around their edges. This example, however, was forged in one piece. It belongs to the transitional period between the Gothic and the fluted armors introduced by Emperor Maximilian. The hinge at the top is for the attachment of the crest plate.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742135"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1845-chanfron-in-maximili"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour.</em> [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], 1900.", "page_number": "cat. no. 316", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour1/page/n219/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 49", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n55"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art. </em>[Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 72, 166; cat. no. 75", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein. <em>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 111, p. 293", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N.<em> Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 69, p. 185", "url": null}, {"citation": "Eikelmann, Renate, Holger A. Klein, Stephen N. Fliegel, and Virginia Brilliant. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art: Meisterwerke von 300 bis 1550</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Hirmer, 2007.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1845", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1845/1916.1845_web.jpg", "width": "600", "height": "900", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1845_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1845/1916.1845_print.jpg", "width": "2267", "height": "3400", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1845_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1845/1916.1845_full.tif", "width": "4096", "height": "6144", "filesize": "", "filename": "1916.1845_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1845/1916.1845_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "587", "height": "893", "filesize": "321775"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1845/1916.1845_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2234", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1488807"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1845/1916.1845_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3755", "height": "5716", "filesize": "64420344"}, "date_created": "2005-11-15T20:26:57", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96102, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1505, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1510", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:10:29.806000"}, {"id": 96175, "accession_number": "1916.1888", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pommel Plates from the Garniture of Rudolf II, c. 1571. Anton Peffenhauser (German, 1525\u20131603). Blued, etched, and gilded steel. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance, 1916.1888", "current_location": "210A Armor Court", "title": "Pommel Plates from the Garniture of Rudolf II", "creation_date": "c. 1571", "creation_date_earliest": 1577, "creation_date_latest": 1577, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, Augsburg"], "technique": "blued, etched, and gilded steel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Arms & Armor", "type": "Arms and Armor", "dimensions": {"overall": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309581, "title": "Master Goldsmiths of the Renaissance: Their Models and Designs", "description": "<i>Master Goldsmiths of the Renaissance: Their Models and Designs</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 2, 1982-March 20, 1983).", "opening_date": "1982-11-02T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Armor Court Reinstallation</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (1998-9-10).", "opening_date": "2010-08-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Imperial Armories, Vienna, Austria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Hastings", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Richard Zschille (1847-1903), Leipzig, Germany", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Frank Gair Macomber (1849-1941), Boston, MA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1916", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1916-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [{"id": null, "description": null, "relationship": "originally part of"}], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Once part of a saddle, these plates protected the rider's thighs.", "description": "These plates, once part of a saddle, are from a tournament armor for man and horse made for the sons of Emperor Maximilian II, archdukes Rudolf and Ernst. Most of the remaining elements of this armor are still in the collections of the Imperial Armouries in Vienna. The decorative pattern (in the imperial colors of black and gold) forms elegant knots, with distinctive foliage and hop sprigs filling the loops.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740006"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1916.1888-pommel-plates-from-t"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rudolph Lepke\u2019s Kunst-Auctions-Haus, Berlin. <em>R. Zschille\u2019sche waffensammlung.</em> Mar 21-22, 1900.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 9, lot 37; Reproduced: lot 37", "url": "https://archive.org/details/Zschille/page/n15"}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of Arms and Armour</em>. Vol. 3, <em>16th century</em>. [Boston, Massachusetts]: [Frank Gair Macomber], [1900-1915].", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: No. (171) 175", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CatArmsArmour3_201602/page/n385"}, {"citation": "Gilchrist, Helen Ives. <em>A Catalogue of the Collection of Arms &amp; Armor Presented to the Cleveland Museum of Art by Mr. and Mrs. John Long Severance; 1916-1923</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1924.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 241, J43; Reproduced: Plate XLVIII, J43", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceCollection1924/page/n339"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Helen Ives Gilchrist. <em>Handbook of the Severance Collection of Arms and Armor</em>. 2d ed., 1948.", "page_number": "Reproduction: p. 49", "url": "https://archive.org/details/HandbookArmsArmor1948/page/n55"}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms and Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: The Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "pp. 99, 166; cat. no. 77", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fliegel, Stephen N. <em>Arms &amp; Armor: The Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "cat. no. 74, p. 185-186", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1916.1888", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": "169304", "filename": "1916.1888_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_print.jpg", "width": "2595", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2069469", "filename": "1916.1888_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_full.tif", "width": "5419", "height": "7101", "filesize": "115474460", "filename": "1916.1888_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "605", "height": "900", "filesize": "92777"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2287", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1223871"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4881", "height": "7255", "filesize": "106263924"}, "date_created": "2016-07-19T10:17:46", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": "164523"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2596", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1733698"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3818", "height": "5000", "filesize": "57295796"}, "date_created": "2007-04-25T20:21:05", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "900", "filesize": "340356"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2738", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3097067"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1916.1888/1916.1888_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4027", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60435944"}, "date_created": "2007-04-25T20:21:05", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 96175, "creators": [{"id": 10320, "description": "Anton Peffenhauser (German, 1525\u20131603)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1525", "death_year": "1603", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1916-04-10T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1577, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1571", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Pommel Plate of a Saddle (from the Garniture of Rudolf II)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:10:45.572000"}, {"id": 98773, "accession_number": "1918.454", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bottle with Chrysanthemum Design (\uccad\uc790 \uc0c1\uac10 \uad6d\ud654\ubb34\ub2ac \ubcd1 [\u9751\u78c1\u8c61\u5d4c\u83ca\u82b1\u6587\u7501]), 1200s-1300s. Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392). Celadon ware with inlaid white and black slip decoration; diameter: 14.7 cm (5 13/16 in.); overall: 40.4 cm (15 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of John L. Severance, 1918.454", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Bottle with Chrysanthemum Design", "title_in_original_language": "\uccad\uc790 \uc0c1\uac10 \uad6d\ud654\ubb34\ub2ac \ubcd1 [\u9751\u78c1\u8c61\u5d4c\u83ca\u82b1\u6587\u7501]", "creation_date": "1200s-1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1200, "creation_date_latest": 1399, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918\u20131392)"], "technique": "Celadon ware with inlaid white and black slip decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Korean Art", "collection": "Korean Art", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 14.7 cm (5 13/16 in.); Overall: 40.4 cm (15 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.147, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125}, "overall": {"height": 0.404, "height_inch": 15, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 616779, "title": "Korean Pottery, a Few Textiles, and Paintings", "description": "<i>Korean Pottery, a Few Textiles, and Paintings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 31-October 3, 1921).", "opening_date": "1921-08-31T00:00:00"}, {"id": 188842, "title": "Conserving the Past for the Future", "description": "<i>Conserving the Past for the Future</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-May 6, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-03-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197104, "title": "The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art", "description": "<i>The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 15-August 21, 2011).", "opening_date": "2011-03-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Purchased with funds from John L. Severance by Langdon Warner [1881\u20131955] in Korea, as agent of the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Termed <em>kintsugi</em> (literally meaning \u201cgold joinery\u201d) in Japanese, this method of repairing broken parts with glittering gold mixed with lacquer was extensively used for ceramic works in the Goryeo period, such as this one.", "description": "This rare long-neck celadon wine bottle is inlaid with white wild chrysanthemums, symbols of both the poem \"Drinking Wine\" and blessings of longevity. One root has three stems with tiny white blossoms. The damaged lip was repaired with gold lacquer.<br><br><br><strong>Korean Celadons Repaired with Gold<br></strong><br>Termed <em>kintsugi </em>(literally meaning \u201cgold joinery\u201d) in Japanese, this method of repair highlights broken parts with glittering gold mixed with lacquer. Initiated in 15th-century Japan, the technique follows a popular aesthetic concept called <em>wabi-sabi</em>, which finds beauty in imperfect things and continued to be practiced throughout the modern period in East Asia. Goryeo celadons were considered extremely rare treasures among modern collectors; thus, the broken condition of these examples is brilliantly highlighted in gold lacquer on the repaired spouts, handle, and lid.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759787"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1918.454-bottle-with-chrysant"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jang, Nam-won. \"The Tea and Celadons during the Goryeo Dynasty : Considering the Celadon Tea Utensils [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \u8336\u6587\u5316\uc640 \u9751\u74f7].\" <em>Misulsa nondan</em> (2007): 129-162.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE01351978"}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo: The Glory of Korea </em>[\ub300\uace0\ub824, \uadf8 \ucc2c\ub780\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Young-hee. \"The Study on Techniques and their Interrelations among Craft Arts of the Goryeo Dynasty [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \uacf5\uc608\uae30\ubc95 \uc5f0\uad6c \uc0c1\ud638\uad00\ub828\uc131\uc744 \uc911\uc2ec\uc73c\ub85c].\" <em>Misulsa hakbo</em> 22 (2004): 133-170.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00557781"}, {"citation": "<em>Sparkles of Jade: Goryeo Celadon</em> [\u9ad8\u9e97\u9752\u78c1 : \u30d2\u30b9\u30a4\u306e\u304d\u3089\u3081\u304d]. O\u0304saka: O\u0304saka: Shiritsu To\u0304yo\u0304 To\u0304ji Bijutsukan, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Su\u0306ng-hye So\u0306n. The Lure of Painted Poetry: Japanese and Korean Art. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2011.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment, 918-1392</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1918.454", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_web.jpg", "width": "577", "height": "893", "filesize": "210142", "filename": "1918.454_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_print.jpg", "width": "2195", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3930782", "filename": "1918.454_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_full.tif", "width": "4102", "height": "6353", "filesize": "78204848", "filename": "1918.454_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "592", "height": "893", "filesize": "215354"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2254", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4037649"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4197", "height": "6330", "filesize": "79725356"}, "date_created": "2010-10-18T15:41:51", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "604", "height": "893", "filesize": "213585"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2299", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3993136"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4231", "height": "6257", "filesize": "79444892"}, "date_created": "2010-10-18T15:54:22", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "822", "height": "893", "filesize": "306017"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3128", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5597732"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3792", "height": "4121", "filesize": "46906484"}, "date_created": "2010-10-18T17:29:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "913", "height": "893", "filesize": "475966"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3325", "filesize": "7400146"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1918.454/1918.454_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4584", "height": "4484", "filesize": "61691172"}, "date_created": "2010-10-18T17:41:03", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 98773, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1918-09-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1200s-1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:20:11.254000"}, {"id": 105998, "accession_number": "1924.125", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Idealized Head, 50 BCE\u2013100 CE. Italy, Roman. Dolomite; overall: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Leonard C. Hanna, 1924.125", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Idealized Head", "creation_date": "50 BCE\u2013100 CE", "creation_date_earliest": -50, "creation_date_latest": 100, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman"], "technique": "dolomite", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 21 cm (8 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.21, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 301191, "title": "Materials of the Artist", "description": "<i>Materials of the Artist</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 4-December 12, 1958).", "opening_date": "1958-03-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 302145, "title": "Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture", "description": "<i>Traditions and Revisions: Themes from the History of Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 24-November 16, 1975).", "opening_date": "1975-09-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Count Gregory Stroganoff, Rome", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Count Gregory Stroganoff, Rome", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This head could represent a woman or goddess, or a youthful god such as Apollo.", "description": "This head combines an idealizing style with the serene expression that was characteristic of early Classical sculpture in Greece. Though copies of Greek masterpieces were popular in Rome during the late Republic and early empire, Romans also created many new sculptures that emulated the Classical style, which they felt conveyed a sense of the divine. This statue was probably one such piece, borrowing iconographically and stylistically from various Greek examples.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": [], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1924.125-head-of-a-woman"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Howard, Rossiter. \"A Fifth Century Greek Head\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 11</em>, no. 2 (February 1924): 27-46.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 26-28", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25136725"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: 62", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n64"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 75", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n79"}, {"citation": "Fowler, Harold N., \"A Marble Head in Cleveland,\" <em>Sonderdruck aus der Festschrift fur James Loeb. </em>Munich, F. Bruckmann. 1930.", "page_number": "pp. 63-65, pl. IV, V.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margarete. \"Greek Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art,\" <em>Art in America. (</em>July 1943)", "page_number": "pp. 112-126, illust. fig 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "J. Paul Getty Museum. <em>Marble: Art Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Ancient Sculpture</em>. Malibu, Calif: J. Paul Getty Museum, 1990.", "page_number": "Discussed p. 82, reproduced p. 84, fig. 13", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1924.125", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "312980", "filename": "1924.125_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_print.jpg", "width": "2543", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4403848", "filename": "1924.125_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_full.tif", "width": "4102", "height": "5484", "filesize": "67516668", "filename": "1924.125_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "733", "height": "893", "filesize": "371525"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2791", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5131509"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4876", "height": "5939", "filesize": "86906708"}, "date_created": "2009-03-13T17:20:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "736", "height": "893", "filesize": "370412"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2803", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4801294"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4586", "height": "5563", "filesize": "76566756"}, "date_created": "2009-03-13T17:30:37", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "669", "height": "893", "filesize": "334567"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2549", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4544602"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.125/1924.125_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4484", "height": "5982", "filesize": "80500416"}, "date_created": "2009-03-13T17:48:18", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Leonard C. Hanna", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 105998, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1924-01-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -50, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "50 BCE\u2013100 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:42:05.308000"}, {"id": 109043, "accession_number": "1927.209", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Head of Alexander the Great, 300\u2013200 BCE. Greece, Alexandria, Hellenistic. Marble; overall: 26.5 x 14.5 x 13.8 cm (10 7/16 x 5 11/16 x 5 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mrs. Ralph King, 1927.209", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Head of Alexander the Great", "creation_date": "300\u2013200 BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -300, "creation_date_latest": -200, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, Alexandria, Hellenistic"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 26.5 x 14.5 x 13.8 cm (10 7/16 x 5 11/16 x 5 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.265, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375, "width": 0.145, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "depth": 0.138, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 311898, "title": "35th Anniversary Exhibition", "description": "<i>35th Anniversary Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-September 30, 1951).", "opening_date": "1951-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 212223, "title": "Alexander the Great", "description": "<i>Alexander the Great</i>. Florida International Museum, St. Petersburg (October 1, 1996-March 31, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 281475, "title": "Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt", "description": "<i>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 13-June 12, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-03-13T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Edde, Alexandria", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Portraits of Alexander the Great share his characteristic <em>anastole </em>hairstyle, parted off-center and swept back from the forehead.", "description": "Slightly smaller than life-size, this head of Alexander the Great features a slight turn, tilt, and upward gaze said to have characterized the young conqueror's posture in life. After his death, Alexander was worshiped as a god; posthumous portraits like this one, likely carved in Ptolemaic Egypt, portray him with long hair and youthful, idealized features.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60749362"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1927.209-head-of-alexander-th"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 32", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n21"}, {"citation": "Carter, Martha L. <em>Classical Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1961.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 7; Plate 11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ClassicalArt/page/n11"}, {"citation": "Neils, Jenifer. \u201cThe Twain Shall Meet.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 72, no. 6, 1985, pp. 326\u2013359.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 329, fig. 3", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159914"}, {"citation": "Smith, R. R. R. <em>Hellenistic Sculpture: A Handbook.</em> New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson, 1991.", "page_number": "Pp. 22, 210, 219, fig. 249.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lehman, Karen M. \"Sacred and Profane Hellenizing Marbles of the Late Third Century Roman Empire: Secular Portraits and Religious Narrative Sculptures in the Cleveland Museum of Art Reviewed in the Cultural Context.\" M.A. thesis, Kent State University, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. v; reproduced: p. 110, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vandenbeusch, Marie, Aude Semat, and Margaret Maitland. <em>Pharaoh: King of Ancient Egypt</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art ; London : The British Museum, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 170, fig. 111", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1927.209", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.209/1927.209_web.jpg", "width": "673", "height": "893", "filesize": "341567", "filename": "1927.209_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.209/1927.209_print.jpg", "width": "2564", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4143762", "filename": "1927.209_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.209/1927.209_full.tif", "width": "3072", "height": "4074", "filesize": "37562460", "filename": "1927.209_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.209/1927.209_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "679", "height": "893", "filesize": "320930"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.209/1927.209_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2587", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4216920"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1927.209/1927.209_alt0_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mrs. Ralph King", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "024889d40ffc4d209310642343a525d2", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/024889d40ffc4d209310642343a525d2", "gallery_donor_text": "Dr. John and Helen Collis Family Gallery", "athena_id": 109043, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1927-06-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "300\u2013200 BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:53.470000"}, {"id": 120839, "accession_number": "1941.562.1", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, c. 1795. Nathaniel Plimer (British, 1757\u20131822). Watercolor on ivory in a period gold and hair frame; framed: 9.2 x 7.7 cm (3 5/8 x 3 1/16 in.); sight: 6.7 x 5.3 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Edward B. Greene Collection, 1941.562.1", "current_location": "203B British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "c. 1795", "creation_date_earliest": 1790, "creation_date_latest": 1799, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 18th century"], "technique": "watercolor on ivory in a period gold and hair frame", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - British before 1800", "type": "Portrait Miniature", "measurements": "Framed: 9.2 x 7.7 cm (3 5/8 x 3 1/16 in.); Sight: 6.7 x 5.3 cm (2 5/8 x 2 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.092, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.077, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "sight": {"height": 0.067, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.053, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202388, "title": "Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives", "description": "<i>Disembodied: Portrait Minatures and their Contemporary Relatives</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 10, 2013-February 16, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Main Gallery Rotation (Gallery 202), </em>The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 5, 2009 - April 6, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-01-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main European Rotation (Gallery 202)</em>, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (January 30, 2012 - July 23, 2012). [Verso on display]", "opening_date": "2012-01-30T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Leo Schidlof (1886-1966), Paris, France, sold to Edward B. Greene)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "-1930", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edward B. Greene (1878-1957), Cleveland, OH, gifted to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930-1941", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1941-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1941.562"], "did_you_know": "This piece has a companion in the collection, <a href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1941.562.2\">1941.562.2</a>, although their relationship is unknown.", "description": "The sitter's powdered hair is tied with a dark bow below the shoulders. He has gray eyes and wears a greenish-gray coat, white shirt, and cravat tied in a bow under his chin. The background is very pale, with ivory ground visible, but faintly light blue close to the head. Among the hallmarks of Nathaniel Plimer\u2019s technique was the use of delicate stippling for the shadows of the face and the application of individual dots of paint to create the lower eyelashes. This portrait is probably the pendant to <a href=\"https://www.clevelandart.org/art/1941.562.2\">1941.562.2</a>. The female portrait is slightly larger than the male, and both date from c. 1795, the date at which a British man would have worn his hair powdered and his cravat tied in a bow. It is impossible to know for certain if these unidentified sitters were married, but the fact that they are housed in identical frames, which date from the same period as the paintings, suggests that they are a pair. Although husbands and wives often commissioned portraits in miniature simultaneously, the pairs were frequently divided over time through inheritance, loss, breakage, or independent sale. Both miniatures are housed in identical, elaborate period gold frames with braided hairwork. The blue glass back of each has a plait of brown hair in its center. The hair incorporated into the framing of each miniature is approximately the same color, suggesting either that the couple had the same color hair or that the same hair was used in each frame. Traditionally, it was the hair of the sitter that was mounted with his or her miniature portrait. They are both unsigned, as was typical for Plimer\u2019s works during this period.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80016497"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1941.562.1-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Edward Belden Greene. <em>Portrait Miniatures ; The Edward B. Greene Collection</em>. 1951.", "page_number": "p. 29, no. 32, pl. XX", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Foskett, Daphne. <em>A Dictionary of British Miniature Painters</em>. London: Faber and Faber, 1972.", "page_number": "p 451", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Alan Chong. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "p. 301", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Dario Robleto.<em> Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives.</em> 2013.", "page_number": "Referenced: p.83", "url": null}, {"citation": "Korkow, Cory, and Jon L. Seydl. <em>British Portrait Miniatures: The Cleveland Museum of Art. 20</em>13.", "page_number": "Cat. no. 53, pp. 215-217", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 53 no. 06, November/December 2013", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 6-7", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2013-06/page/6/"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1941.562.1", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "145910", "filename": "1941.562.1_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1536503", "filename": "1941.562.1_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_full.tif", "width": "11190", "height": "11190", "filesize": "375676792", "filename": "1941.562.1_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "900", "filesize": "121565"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1384227"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11122", "height": "11122", "filesize": "371125044"}, "date_created": "2025-08-15T16:18:18", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "92029"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1165341"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt1_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022648"}, "date_created": "2013-02-06T19:31:40", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "670", "height": "893", "filesize": "84219"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2550", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1024930"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt2_full.tif", "width": "6000", "height": "8000", "filesize": "144022076"}, "date_created": "2013-02-06T19:44:16", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "740", "height": "893", "filesize": "417922"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2816", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4983047"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3272", "height": "3950", "filesize": "38803268"}, "date_created": "2008-10-07T13:20:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "646", "height": "893", "filesize": "400504"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "2459", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4919006"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1941.562.1/1941.562.1_alt4_full.tif", "width": "3948", "height": "5458", "filesize": "64676756"}, "date_created": "2008-01-02T18:02:20", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Edward B. Greene Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 120839, "creators": [{"id": 3721, "description": "Nathaniel Plimer (British, 1757\u20131822)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Born the sons of a clockmaker, Nathaniel Plimer and his younger brother Andrew initially trained in their father's profession, although they grew restless with this trade, and ran off to live with Gypsies for two years. By 1781, they were together in London, and determined to practice art. Both took up residence with established artists. Nathaniel worked as a servant to the enamellist, Henry Bone, whereas Andrew became the valet to the portrait and miniature painter, Richard Cosway. \r\n\r\nCosway discovered Andrew copying one of his miniatures and introduced him to miniature painting. Andrew assimilated his master's airy execution and adapted Cosway's linear brushwork which leaves much of the bare ivory visible. He also employed Cosway's use of large, expressive eyes which made his miniatures appear soulfully elegant, earning him high praise amongst legions of admirers. A quick study, Andrew set up his own studio by 1786 and he exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy of Arts from 1786-1830. \r\n\r\nAndrew Plimer's works fall into two phases. In the first, his sitters appear more naturalistically rendered than those painted after around 1789. During the earlier period he frequently included his initials, \"A.P.,\" on the front of the miniature, followed by a date. By contrast, he did not sign or date works in the second phase. Furthermore, in Andrew's second phase of work, he reduced his palette and perhaps due to his high output, sitters share many visual characteristics; in particular, his women have elongated necks, long noses and large appealing eyes.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1757", "death_year": "1822", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1941-12-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1790, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1795", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "component", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1941.562", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Man in Pale Green Coat"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:13:51.936000"}, {"id": 122323, "accession_number": "1942.622", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Charger Depicting a Chariot Race, c. 1575. Circle of Fontana Family (Italian). Tin-glazed earthenware (maiolica); diameter: 8.6 x 45.7 cm (3 3/8 x 18 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.622", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "Charger Depicting a Chariot Race", "creation_date": "c. 1575", "creation_date_earliest": 1570, "creation_date_latest": 1580, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Urbino"], "technique": "tin-glazed earthenware (maiolica)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 8.6 x 45.7 cm (3 3/8 x 18 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.086, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.457, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The creatures along the rim of this plate are loosely based on the figures discovered on the walls of Roman ruins a century before.", "description": "During the Renaissance, an understanding of classical antiquity was perceived to be a sign of social, intellectual, and economic distinction. Scenes from Greco-Roman mythology were prominently featured on maiolica, covering the surface in a style called <em>istoriato</em> (decorated with stories).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778167"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.622-charger-depicting-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "John Long Severance Art Collection Photographs: Furniture, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 279; Reproduced: p. 283", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceFurniture/page/n278/mode/1up"}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46, cat. no. 96", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n50"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M., Gertrude Underhill, and Jean Mailey. \u201cDepartment of Decorative Arts.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 29, no. 9 (November 1942): 137\u201351.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 148", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141017"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n123"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 99", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n123"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 111", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n131"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.622", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.622/1942.622_web.jpg", "width": "938", "height": "893", "filesize": "666647", "filename": "1942.622_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.622/1942.622_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3236", "filesize": "7196463", "filename": "1942.622_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.622/1942.622_full.tif", "width": "5149", "height": "4901", "filesize": "75750272", "filename": "1942.622_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.622/1942.622_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "947", "height": "893", "filesize": "443344"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.622/1942.622_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3206", "filesize": "5853300"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.622/1942.622_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5027", "height": "4740", "filesize": "71519380"}, "date_created": "2008-05-06T15:21:53", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122323, "creators": [{"id": 386016, "description": "Fontana Family (Italian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "circle of", "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1570, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1575", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Majolica Plate"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:17:54.651000"}, {"id": 130674, "accession_number": "1953.386", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Feast Ladle, late 1800s\u2013early 1900s. Native North America, Northwest Coast, Alaska, Tlingit. Horn, bone, copper, abalone shell inlay; overall: 13 cm (5 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Harold T. Clark Educational Extension Fund, 1953.386", "current_location": "231 Native North American", "title": "Feast Ladle", "creation_date": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1850, "creation_date_latest": 1950, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Native North America, Northwest Coast, Alaska, Tlingit"], "technique": "horn, bone, copper, abalone shell inlay", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Native North America", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 13 cm (5 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"width": 0.13, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "length": 0.442, "length_inch": 17, "length_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 519209, "title": "The Imagination of Primitive Man", "description": "<i>The Imagination of Primitive Man</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, MO (organizer) (January 18-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-18T05:00:00"}, {"id": 229358, "title": "Art of the American Indians: The Thaw Collection", "description": "<i>Art of the American Indians: The Thaw Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 7-May 30, 2010).", "opening_date": "2010-03-07T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Sacred Circles: Two Thousand Years of North American Indian Art, </em>Hayward Gallery, London (October 7, 1976\u2013January 16,1977).", "opening_date": "1976-10-07T04:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ralph C. Altman, Los Angeles, CA, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1953", "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "An imposing eagle presides over the bowl of this impressive ladle.", "description": "Elaborate utensils, valuable possessions of Northwest Coast noble clans, were used during potlatch feasts. An imposing eagle hovers, patron-like, over this ladle\u2019s bowl and the bounty it once served; a bear\u2019s head appears on the underside of the bowl. Both may be crests, motifs that, like European heraldry, were exclusive to important families and referred to their histories and rights to control land and resources.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60755552"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.386-feast-ladle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Coe, Ralph T. <em>Sacred Circles: Two Thousand Years of North American Indian Art : Exhibition Organized by the Arts Council of Great Britain with the Support of the British-American Associates, [Held at the] Hayward Gallery, London, 7 October 1976-16 January 1977 : Catalogue</em>. [London]: Arts Council of Great Britain, 1976.", "page_number": "p. 146, cat. #326", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 406", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n426"}, {"citation": "Crawford, Virginia. \"Northwest Coast Indian Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 65, no. 9 (1978).", "page_number": "p. 304", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159603"}, {"citation": "Gowing, Lawrence. <em>A History of Art</em>. London: Macmillan, 1995.", "page_number": "p. 494", "url": null}, {"citation": "Adams, Henry. <em>What's American About American Art?: A Gallery Tour in the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2008.", "page_number": "p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 339", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.386", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.386/1953.386_web.jpg", "width": "912", "height": "893", "filesize": "336134", "filename": "1953.386_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.386/1953.386_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3330", "filesize": "4659552", "filename": "1953.386_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.386/1953.386_full.tif", "width": "4288", "height": "4200", "filesize": "54067428", "filename": "1953.386_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.386/1953.386_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "803", "height": "893", "filesize": "297042"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.386/1953.386_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3056", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4413650"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.386/1953.386_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4012", "height": "4464", "filesize": "53773376"}, "date_created": "2008-02-21T20:58:04", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Harold T. Clark Educational Extension Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130674, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-08-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1850, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:45:34.425000"}, {"id": 135812, "accession_number": "1959.334", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Stela Fragment, 600\u2013950. Mexico, Veracruz?, 600-950 AD. Limestone; each: 31.8 x 30.8 x 12.2 cm (12 1/2 x 12 1/8 x 4 13/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Gruener, 1959.334", "current_location": "233 Mesoamerican and Intermediate Region", "title": "Stela Fragment", "creation_date": "600\u2013950", "creation_date_earliest": 600, "creation_date_latest": 950, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Mexico, Veracruz?, 600-950 AD"], "technique": "limestone", "support_materials": [], "department": "Art of the Americas", "collection": "AA - Mesoamerica", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Each: 31.8 x 30.8 x 12.2 cm (12 1/2 x 12 1/8 x 4 13/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"each": {"height": 0.318, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.308, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.122, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.8125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302015, "title": "Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty", "description": "<i>Year in Review - Nineteen Hundred Sixty</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 30, 1960-January 1, 1961).", "opening_date": "1960-11-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 335423, "title": "The Arts of Pre- Hispanic America", "description": "<i>The Arts of Pre- Hispanic America</i>. The Chrysler Museum of Art, Norfolk, VA (organizer) (April 12-May 31, 1970).", "opening_date": "1970-04-12T05:00:00"}, {"id": 344809, "title": "The Gruener Collection of Pre-Columbian Art", "description": "<i>The Gruener Collection of Pre-Columbian Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-November 29, 1992).", "opening_date": "1992-02-04T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Black Tulip Galleries, Inc., Dallas, TX, 1959, sold to James C. and Florence C. Gruener)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1959", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "James C. [1903-1990] and Florence C. [1908-1982] Gruener, Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1959-1959", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1959-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The pointed teeth of the warrior are suggestive of dental modification, a practice known to have occurred from human remains.", "description": "Figures appear on two sides of this fragmentary stela (upright stone slab carved in relief). One seems to represent a grimacing warrior who brandishes a club; arrow-like darts festoon his belt and hair. On the other side is a skeleton with one fleshed hand, perhaps a sacrificed captive. The eagle with a leaf in its mouth is a hieroglyph that may identify the captive's name.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779868"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1959.334-stela-fragment"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"Year in Review| 1960.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 47, no. 10 (1960): 223-54.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25142422."}, {"citation": "Prufer, Olaf H. \"A Post-Classic Mexican Stele.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 49, no. 8 (1962): 191-95.", "page_number": "p. 191-2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151911"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMexican Limestone Stele Top,\u201d October 17, 1962, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1017"}, {"citation": "Prufer, Olaf H. \"Die Kunst Des \"Southern Cult\" in Den \u00f6stlichen Vereinigten Staaten.\" <em>Paideuma</em> 11 (1965): 68-90.", "page_number": "Tafel II", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/40341397"}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \"The Year in Review for 1984.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 72, no. 2 (1985): 163-207.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159897."}, {"citation": "Young-S\u00e1nchez, Margaret. \"The Gruener Collection of Pre-Columbian Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 79, no. 7 (1992): 234-75.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 97. p. 273, Reproduced: fig. 97, p. 259", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25161367."}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1959.334", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "464", "filesize": "251252", "filename": "1959.334_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1752", "filesize": "2245868", "filename": "1959.334_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_full.tif", "width": "9984", "height": "5145", "filesize": "154151268", "filename": "1959.334_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "866", "height": "900", "filesize": "91543"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3271", "height": "3400", "filesize": "598202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "5189", "filesize": "103677644"}, "date_created": "2011-02-18T13:55:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "866", "height": "900", "filesize": "281615"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3271", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3444696"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "5189", "filesize": "77771852"}, "date_created": "2011-02-18T13:55:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "736", "filesize": "206591"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2780", "filesize": "5312822"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt2_full.tif", "width": "4470", "height": "3655", "filesize": "49039512"}, "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "736", "filesize": "206591"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2780", "filesize": "5312822"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1959.334/1959.334_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4470", "height": "3655", "filesize": "49039512"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Gruener", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "028a09859f96429daf1fb9b9a3090a83", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/028a09859f96429daf1fb9b9a3090a83", "gallery_donor_text": "Jon A. Lindseth and Virginia M. Lindseth, PhD, Galleries of the Ancient Americas", "athena_id": 135812, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1959-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 600, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "600\u2013950", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:15:53.143000"}, {"id": 139730, "accession_number": "1963.503", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Portrait of a Man, c. 1480\u20131500. Northeastern France or the Burgundian Netherlands, 15th century. Oil on wood; framed: 52.5 x 38 x 5 cm (20 11/16 x 14 15/16 x 1 15/16 in.); unframed: 42.5 x 27.6 cm (16 3/4 x 10 7/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1963.503", "current_location": "113 French Tapestries & Illuminated Manuscripts", "title": "Portrait of a Man", "creation_date": "c. 1480\u20131500", "creation_date_earliest": 1480, "creation_date_latest": 1500, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Northeastern France or the Burgundian Netherlands, 15th century"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Medieval Art", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 52.5 x 38 x 5 cm (20 11/16 x 14 15/16 x 1 15/16 in.); Unframed: 42.5 x 27.6 cm (16 3/4 x 10 7/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.525, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.38, "width_inch": 14, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.05, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}, "unframed": {"height": 0.425, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.276, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304258, "title": "Year in Review (1963)", "description": "<i>Year in Review (1963)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 27, 1963-January 5, 1964).", "opening_date": "1963-11-27T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Frederick Mont, New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "-1963", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1963-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The man pictured here didn't accidentally rip his coat, he is actually sporting highly fashionable slashed sleeves. Decorative openings in the sleeves of garments, revealing the rich fabric underneath, were all the rage in 15th-century society.", "description": "Although the subject of this portrait wears rich clothing and a sword, nothing specifically associates him with aristocracy. Instead he may have been a wealthy member of the middle class. During the 1400s, portraiture became increasingly popular with prosperous merchants and tradesmen who imitated the portraits commissioned by the dukes of Burgundy and members of their court. The artist is equally mysterious and unidentified. The highly refined technique of oil painting suggests a familiarity with Netherlandish art, and the dark palette and clothing allude to Burgundian portraiture. However, the clothing and facial type relate more to French traditions. The artist may have hailed from France or the Low Countries, a region with a long artistic association with the Valois dukes of Burgundy who ruled the Netherlands in the late 1300s and 1400s.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60469074"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1963.503-portrait-of-a-man"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cYear in Review for 1963.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 50, no. 10 (1963).", "page_number": "cat. no. 106, p. 261", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25151974"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n97"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France. </em>[Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "no. vii 21, p. 334-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n361"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 73", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n97"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Catalogue of Paintings. Pt. 1. European Paintings before 1500. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 6, p. 16 -17", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n102"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1963.503", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.503/1963.503_web.jpg", "width": "580", "height": "893", "filesize": "326405", "filename": "1963.503_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.503/1963.503_print.jpg", "width": "2209", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4726754", "filename": "1963.503_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1963.503/1963.503_full.tif", "width": "3899", "height": "6000", "filesize": "70212692", "filename": "1963.503_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Honey and Leighton Rosenthal Family Gallery", "athena_id": 139730, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1963-09-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1480, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1480\u20131500", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Portrait of a Nobleman"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:08:59.075000"}, {"id": 142025, "accession_number": "1965.551", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Monogram of Christ (Chrismon), 500s. Byzantium, Syria, early Byzantine period, 6th century. Gold sheet, gold wire, and garnets; overall: 14.8 x 12.1 x 0.7 cm (5 13/16 x 4 3/4 x 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Lillian M. Kern, 1965.551", "current_location": "105 Byzantine", "title": "Monogram of Christ (Chrismon)", "creation_date": "500s", "creation_date_earliest": 500, "creation_date_latest": 599, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Byzantium, Syria, early Byzantine period, 6th century"], "technique": "gold sheet, gold wire, and garnets", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Byzantine", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 14.8 x 12.1 x 0.7 cm (5 13/16 x 4 3/4 x 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.148, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.121, "width_inch": 4, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75, "depth": 0.007, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA: \"Golden Anniversary Acquisition.\"", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007), the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008) and Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Comte Xavier du Puytison, Paris); Lillian M. Kern, Cleveland, Heights, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This image combines chi (X) and rho (P), the first two letters of Christ's name in Greek. The materials also had symbolic meaning, from the kingly gold to the deep, blood red of the garnets evoking his sacrifice.", "description": "The superimposed Greek letters chi and rho, the first two letters of Christ\u2019s name, was a popular early Christian symbol. The monogram of Christ, or chrismon, is also a powerful symbol of imperial victory: it appeared to Emperor Constantine the Great before his battle against Maxentius in ad 312, promising victory in the name of Christ. Made of gold sheet and decorated with three garnets, it may have formed the center of a golden wreath, serving as a protective device and an emblem of Christian triumph.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60756849"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1965.551-monogram-of-christ-c"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n63"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 39", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n61"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 40", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n60"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 66-67, no. 16", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pentcheva, Bissera V. Hagia Sophia: Sound, Space, and Spirit in Byzantium. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 90, fig. 42", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sa\u0301nchez Galera, Jose\u0301 Mari\u0301a, and Gregorio Luri Medrano. La edad de las nueces: los nin\u0303os en el Imperio Romano. Madrid : Ediciones Encuentro S.A., 2021.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 235, fig. 31", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1965.551", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.551/1965.551_web.jpg", "width": "847", "height": "893", "filesize": "590777", "filename": "1965.551_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.551/1965.551_print.jpg", "width": "3226", "height": "3400", "filesize": "9535388", "filename": "1965.551_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1965.551/1965.551_full.tif", "width": "3868", "height": "4076", "filesize": "47316368", "filename": "1965.551_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Lillian M. Kern", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142025, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-01-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 500, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "500s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:17:21.307000"}, {"id": 146110, "accession_number": "1971.297", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure Pair (asye usu), late 1800s\u2013early 1900s. Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Baule-style carver. Wood, resin, glass beads, plant fiber, and metal; part 1: 49.5 x 9.1 x 13 cm (19 1/2 x 3 9/16 x 5 1/8 in.); part 2: 47.7 x 10 x 11 cm (18 3/4 x 3 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Katherine C. White, 1971.297", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Figure Pair (asye usu)", "creation_date": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1935, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, West Africa, C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, Baule-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, resin, glass beads, plant fiber, and metal", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Part 1: 49.5 x 9.1 x 13 cm (19 1/2 x 3 9/16 x 5 1/8 in.); Part 2: 47.7 x 10 x 11 cm (18 3/4 x 3 15/16 x 4 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"part 1": {"height": 0.495, "height_inch": 19, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.091, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "depth": 0.13, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "part 2": {"height": 0.477, "height_inch": 18, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.1, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1968: \"African Tribal Images: The Katherine White Reswick Collection,\" cat. no. 85, repr.", "opening_date": "1968-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1973: \"Year in Review 1972,\" CMA Bulletin LX (March, 1973), p. 107, no. 38, repr. p. 105.", "opening_date": "1973-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; January 7- March 9, 2003.  \" Object in Focus: Male (blolo bian) and Female (blolo bla) Spirit Partner Figures, Africa, Ivory Coast, Baule, c. 1930s [wood; 1971.297.1-2] \"", "opening_date": "2003-01-07T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Katherine C. White (aka Katherine Merkel, Katherine Reswick)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1971", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH by gift", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1971-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Baule artists looked to the world around them to capture contemporary ideas and ideals of beauty; these figures have hairstyles that would have been worn when the sculptures were carved.", "description": "Baule figures carved as pairs usually represent untamed spirits of the wilderness called <em>asye usu.</em> These spirits may intervene in the lives of individuals by taking possession of them. If this possession does not result in madness, it can lead to the human host\u2019s becoming a diviner who can enter into a trance to reveal the causes of ailments and other misfortunes. People who feel their lives are being interrupted by the asye usu commission carvings representing idealized male and female forms whose grace and beauty in both anatomy and adornment will seduce the spirits and compel them to use the sculptures as their temporary homes.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779160"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1971.297-figure-pair-asye-usu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Fagg, William, and Cleveland Museum of Art. 1968. <em>African Tribal Images; the Katherine White Reswick Collection</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, no. 85.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>1972 Year in Review</em>. Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art 60, no. 3, cat. 38.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Drewal, Henry John. African Art: A Brief Guide to the Collection. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1989, fig.15.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantijn. <em>South of the Sahara: selected works of African art. </em>Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2003.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. 17, p. 64 - 65", "url": ""}, {"citation": "\u201cA Walking Tour: The entire new museum wing by wing, with curators calling out a few favorite works in the collection.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 54, no. 1 (January/February 2014): 8-33.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2014-01"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Museum Masters: 2016-17 Companion Guide.</em> [Cleveland, Ohio]: Cleveland Museum of Art,  2016.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: P. 14", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1971.297", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297/1971.297_web.jpg", "width": "635", "height": "900", "filesize": "169540", "filename": "1971.297_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297/1971.297_print.jpg", "width": "2398", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1039805", "filename": "1971.297_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297/1971.297_full.tif", "width": "3498", "height": "4959", "filesize": "52063768", "filename": "1971.297_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297/1971.297_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "657", "height": "900", "filesize": "174904"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297/1971.297_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2482", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1097730"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297/1971.297_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3650", "height": "5000", "filesize": "54774096"}, "date_created": "2020-03-20T16:17:49", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297/1971.297_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "468", "height": "900", "filesize": "77485"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297/1971.297_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1767", "height": "3400", "filesize": "647470"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1971.297/1971.297_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3144", "height": "6048", "filesize": "57068040"}, "date_created": "2009-10-27T15:50:52", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Katherine C. White", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 146110, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1971-12-11T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s\u2013early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Figure of a Spirit Husband", "Figure Pair (Asye Usu)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:29:42.895000"}, {"id": 148366, "accession_number": "1975.79", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Salome with the Head of Saint John the Baptist, mid-1600s. Jacob Duck (Dutch, c. 1600\u20131667). Oil on wood; framed: 92 x 76.5 x 4 cm (36 1/4 x 30 1/8 x 1 9/16 in.); unframed: 71 x 54.6 cm (27 15/16 x 21 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin, 1975.79", "current_location": "213 Dutch Painting", "title": "Salome with the Head of Saint John the Baptist", "creation_date": "mid-1600s", "creation_date_earliest": 1640, "creation_date_latest": 1660, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Netherlands"], "technique": "oil on wood", "support_materials": [], "department": "European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "P - Netherlandish-Dutch", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 92 x 76.5 x 4 cm (36 1/4 x 30 1/8 x 1 9/16 in.); Unframed: 71 x 54.6 cm (27 15/16 x 21 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.92, "height_inch": 36, "height_inch_fraction": 0.25, "width": 0.765, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125, "depth": 0.04, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "unframed": {"height": 0.71, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.546, "width_inch": 21, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302170, "title": "Year in Review: 1975", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1975</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 3-March 7, 1976).", "opening_date": "1976-02-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>A Winter Exhibition of Dutch XVIIth Century Masters. </em>Alan Jacobs Gallery, London, 1971.<em>", "opening_date": "1971-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "</em>", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(F. Muller, Amsterdam, sale H. I. A Raedt van Oldenbarnevelt et al., November 6 ff., 1900, no. 339 [fl. 280, to Valk])", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Victor de Stuers (1858-1916, The Hague and Kasteel Wiersse, Vorden, The Netherlands); by descent to his daughter, Alice Jacqueline Hortense Julie Aurelie de Stuers (1895-1988), wife of W. E. Gatacre", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mrs. W. E. Gatacre, Jonkvrouwe de Stuers, Kasteel Wiersse, Vorden, Holland", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Christie\u2019s, London, sale Mrs. W. E. Gatacre-Jonkvrouwe de Stuers, November 26, 1965, no. 42 [as by Hendrik Gerritsz Pot; 600 Gns., to Sokolow])", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Alan Jacobs Gallery, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "(Sotheby\u2019s, London, sale December 6, 1972, no. 54 [as by Jacob Duck])", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(The Arcade Gallery, London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin, Cleveland, by gift to the Cleveland Museum of Art, 1975.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 8}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The pommel of the executioner's sword is decorated with a grotesque head, suggesting an ancient or exotic setting for this event.", "description": "The colorful, exotic garments worn by the woman at the right demonstrate Jacob Duck\u2019s skill in painting luxurious surfaces: she is Salome, daughter of Herodias. According to the New Testament, Herodias bore a grudge against John the Baptist, who condemned her marriage to Herod, ruler of Galilee and Perea. At a celebration dinner, Salome so charmed Herod with her dancing that he offered her anything she desired\u2014and Herodias convinced Salome to demand John the Baptist\u2019s head. Rather than depicting the actual execution, Duck focused on the executioner\u2019s muscled physique as he departs the scene, turning to look at the viewer after having presented Salome with John\u2019s severed head.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60472936"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1975.79-salome-with-the-head"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Manuscript Catalogue (handwritten by Victor de Stuers, 1915).", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 348.", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Alan Jacobs: Fine Paintings.\" <em>The Art Quarterly </em>XXXIV, no. 3 (Autumn 1971): 361.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 361", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Notable Works of Art Now on the Market: Supplement.\" <em>The Burlington Magazine</em> 115, no. 843 (June 1973).", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pl XXX", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1975.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 63, no. 2 (1976): 31-71.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 58, p. 67, Reproduced: p. 41", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152624."}, {"citation": "<em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Catalogue of Paintings, Part 3: European Paintings of the 16th, 17th, and 18th Centuries</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1982.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 231; Mentioned: p. 230-232", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosen, Jochai. <em>Jacob Duck, c.1600-1667: Catalogue Raisonne\u0301.</em> Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.246-247, no. 149", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1975.79", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.79/1975.79_web.jpg", "width": "688", "height": "893", "filesize": "399415", "filename": "1975.79_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.79/1975.79_print.jpg", "width": "2621", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5614866", "filename": "1975.79_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.79/1975.79_full.tif", "width": "4302", "height": "5581", "filesize": "72059740", "filename": "1975.79_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.79/1975.79_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "713", "height": "893", "filesize": "437071"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.79/1975.79_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2714", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6844660"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.79/1975.79_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4728", "height": "5922", "filesize": "84028452"}, "date_created": "2009-06-02T19:13:06", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.79/1975.79_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "749", "height": "893", "filesize": "447160"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.79/1975.79_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2852", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6227081"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1975.79/1975.79_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4653", "height": "5547", "filesize": "77462296"}, "date_created": "2009-06-02T17:30:00", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Noah L. Butkin", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Harold C. Schott Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 148366, "creators": [{"id": 2933, "description": "Jacob Duck (Dutch, c. 1600\u20131667)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1600", "death_year": "1667", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1975-11-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1640, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "mid-1600s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:37:44.811000"}, {"id": 149955, "accession_number": "1980.186", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Vase (Meiping) with Waves (\u5409\u5dde\u7aaf\u6c34\u6ce2\u7d0b\u6885\u74f6), 1200s\u20131300s. China, Jiangxi Province, Yonghezhen, Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368). Glazed stoneware with slip painted decoration, Jizhou ware; diameter: 16.7 cm (6 9/16 in.); overall: 26.3 cm (10 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gifts of J. H. Wade and Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade; and purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund by exchange, 1980.186", "current_location": "238 Chinese Ceramics", "title": "Vase (Meiping) with Waves", "title_in_original_language": "\u5409\u5dde\u7aaf\u6c34\u6ce2\u7d0b\u6885\u74f6", "creation_date": "1200s\u20131300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1200, "creation_date_latest": 1399, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jiangxi Province, Yonghezhen, Yuan dynasty (1271\u20131368)"], "technique": "glazed stoneware with slip painted decoration, Jizhou ware", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Song Dynasty", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 16.7 cm (6 9/16 in.); Overall: 26.3 cm (10 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.167, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}, "overall": {"height": 0.263, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1980</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304561, "title": "Visions of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Visions of Landscape: East and West</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 17-March 21, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Eugene [1896\u20131982] and Elva Bernat, consigned to Sotheby Parke-Bernet for sale", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?\u20131980", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Sotheby Parke-Bernet, New York, NY, sale November 7, 1980, lot 119, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art through Eskenazi, Ltd.)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "November 7, 1980", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1980\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "When Jizhou ware is fired, the slip coating and the inlaid decoration assume a soft ivory color while the exposed clay body displays a warm cinnamon brown.", "description": "Jizhou ware kilns in central Jiangxi province produced a dark ware in competition with other kilns in China and so Jizhou potters were highly inventive. Part of their work is a ware covered with a white slip over which they painted bold graphic designs of great visual effect. This striking wave design is remarkable in the way the painter transformed the entire surface of the vase into dynamically rolling masses of water, highlighted by cresting waves. Jizhou wares were excavated in cities of the lower Yangzi delta, including Nanjing, Shanghai, Changzhou, Taizhou, as well as Anhui province, Korea, and Japan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762808"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.186-vase-meiping-with-wa"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Important Chinese Ceramics and Works of Art: The Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Bernat : Exhibition ... Nov. 1-3, 5-6, 1980 ... : Public Auction, Nov. 7, 1980</em>. New York: Sotheby Parke Bernet Inc, 1980.", "page_number": "Lot no. 119", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1980.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 68, no. 6 (1981): 163\u2013219.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 219, no. 295; Reproduced: p. 204, no. 295", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}, {"citation": "Gaskin, Steven P., \"The David Vases: Considering Serpentine Waves on Yuan Blue-and-White.\" <em>Orientations </em>46, no. 4 (May 2015): 81\u201389.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 4, p. 84", "url": null}, {"citation": "Gerritsen, Anne. <em>The City of Blue and White: Chinese Porcelain and the Early Modern World.</em> Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 80, fig. 4.6", "url": null}, {"citation": "Weng, Yanjun, and Baoping Li. <em>New Finds of Yuan Dynasty Blue-and-White Porcelain from the Luomaqiao Kiln Site, Jingdezhen: An Archaeological Approach.</em> London: Unicorn Publishing Group, 2021.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 101, fig. 5.6", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. Vainker, Masaaki Itakura, Jiang Wu, et al. <em>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</em>. Edited by Clarissa Von Spee. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 181, no. 62", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.186", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.186/1980.186_web.jpg", "width": "666", "height": "893", "filesize": "390178", "filename": "1980.186_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.186/1980.186_print.jpg", "width": "2535", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4944110", "filename": "1980.186_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.186/1980.186_full.tif", "width": "3466", "height": "4648", "filesize": "48360880", "filename": "1980.186_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.186/1980.186_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "916", "height": "893", "filesize": "439543"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.186/1980.186_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3315", "filesize": "5272919"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.186/1980.186_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3969", "height": "3870", "filesize": "46110912"}, "date_created": "2005-08-23T15:54:50", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gifts of J. H. Wade and Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Wade; and purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund by exchange", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149955, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-11-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1200s\u20131300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Prunus Vase (Meiping) with Waves: Jizhou Ware"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:44:08.339000"}, {"id": 152322, "accession_number": "1985.184", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Tritoness or Scylla Relief Applique, late 200s BCE. Greece, Hellenistic period. Bronze with copper inlays; overall: 22.4 x 24.5 x 7.8 cm (8 13/16 x 9 5/8 x 3 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1985.184", "current_location": "102C Greek", "title": "Tritoness or Scylla Relief Applique", "creation_date": "late 200s BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -200, "creation_date_latest": -175, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Greece, Hellenistic period"], "technique": "bronze with copper inlays", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Greek", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 22.4 x 24.5 x 7.8 cm (8 13/16 x 9 5/8 x 3 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.224, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.245, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625, "depth": 0.078, "depth_inch": 3, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 207434, "title": "Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World", "description": "<i>Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (April 18-July 17, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-04-18T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1986:  \"Year in Review for 1985,\" CMA Bulletin 73 (February 1986) 62, no. 2.", "opening_date": "1986-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art. NY(4/18/2016 - 7/17/2016):  \"Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World\"", "opening_date": "2016-04-18T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Swiss Private Collection since c. 1975; Robert Haber", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Mythological sea creatures became popular metal vessel decorations around the 2nd-century BCE.", "description": "The seaweed garment, finned gills, and webbed ears give this female bust appliqu\u00e9 all the hallmarks of an ocean dweller. She may be a Tritoness, a minor goddess of the sea and the female counterpart to the more common Triton. However, her intense gaze and raised arm clutching perhaps the hilt of a sword suggest she may be Scylla, a sea monster that first appears in Homer\u2019s <em>Odyssey</em>. Without the Tritoness\u2019s fishtail or Scylla\u2019s lower body made of dogs\u2019 heads, it is difficult to differentiate. Certain features are highlighted with a copper inlay such as the lips, eyes, and gills.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751292"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.184-tritoness-relief-app", "https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1985.184-tritoness-or-scylla"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n27"}, {"citation": "Walter-Karydi, Elena. \"Skylla. Bilder und Aspekte des Mischwesens.\" <em>Jahrbuch des Deutschen Arch\u00e4ologischen Instituts</em>, 112: no. 6, 1997. pp 179-181.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Walter-Karydi, Elena. \u201cDangerous is Beautiful: The Elemental Quality of a Hellenistic Scylla,\u201d in Palagia and Coulson, eds. <em>Regional Schools in Hellenistic Sculpture: Proceedings of an International Conference held at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, March 15-17, 1996. </em>1998.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 271-279, Reproduced: fig. 1, 2.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Szabados, Anne-Violaine and No\u00eblle Icard-Gianolio. \"Skylla I\" In:<em> Lexicon iconographicum mythologiae classicae (LIMC)</em>. <em>Supplementum 2009</em>, p. 453-457, pl. 217-220. Du\u0308sseldorf: Artemis, 2009.", "page_number": "Mentioned Vol.1, p. 456, Reproduced Vol. 2, p. 220, add. 27.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Pico\u0301n, Carlos A., and Sea\u0301n A. Hemingway. <em>Pergamon and the Hellenistic Kingdoms of the Ancient World</em>. 2016.", "page_number": "pp. 252-253, cat. 191", "url": null}, {"citation": "Yaman, H\u00fcseyin, and Tolga \u00d6zhan. \u201cA Roman Sarcophagus Depicting Scylla in the C\u0327anakkale Troia Museum\u201d. <em>Tekmeria</em> 16 (2022): 209\u2013244.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 220-224, Reproduced p. 241, fig. 8", "url": "https://doi.org/10.12681/tekmeria.31883"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1985.184", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "777", "filesize": "242142", "filename": "1985.184_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2935", "filesize": "2362107", "filename": "1985.184_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_full.tif", "width": "12021", "height": "10378", "filesize": "374291192", "filename": "1985.184_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "776", "filesize": "166579"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2933", "filesize": "1249679"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt0_full.tif", "width": "12021", "height": "10371", "filesize": "374037192"}, "date_created": "2024-02-12T21:33:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "776", "filesize": "163664"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2930", "filesize": "1211359"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt1_full.tif", "width": "12021", "height": "10360", "filesize": "373640548"}, "date_created": "2024-02-12T21:38:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "488", "filesize": "165469"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1844", "filesize": "1173209"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt2_full.tif", "width": "13135", "height": "7125", "filesize": "280788496"}, "date_created": "2024-02-12T21:44:20", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "491", "filesize": "181537"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "1854", "filesize": "1432784"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt3_full.tif", "width": "13135", "height": "7164", "filesize": "282325644"}, "date_created": "2024-02-12T21:51:10", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "779", "filesize": "272033"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2941", "filesize": "2841795"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt4_full.tif", "width": "12021", "height": "10398", "filesize": "375012480"}, "date_created": "2024-02-12T21:23:28", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt5_web.jpg", "width": "874", "height": "893", "filesize": "514380"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt5_print.jpg", "width": "3326", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6746281"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt5_full.tif", "width": "6493", "height": "6637", "filesize": "129307844"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:35:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt6_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "842", "filesize": "680299"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt6_print.jpg", "width": "3072", "height": "2048", "filesize": "3751764"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1985.184/1985.184_alt6_full.tif", "width": "3072", "height": "2048", "filesize": "18895340"}, "date_created": "2009-11-12T18:36:02", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "88430fc4cd9a4ab9829daca1d56691aa", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/88430fc4cd9a4ab9829daca1d56691aa", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 152322, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1985-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 200s BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:17:29.106000"}, {"id": 159190, "accession_number": "1995.376", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Octafoil-shaped Mirror Featuring Ci Fei, the Dragon Slayer (\ud669\ube44\ucc3d\ucc9c\uacbd [\u60f6\u4e15\u660c\u5929\u93e1]), 900s\u20131300s. China, Jin dynasty (1115-1234) or Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918-1392). Bronze; diameter: 17.2 cm (6 3/4 in.); overall: 1.1 cm (7/16 in.); rim: 0.5 cm (3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee, 1995.376", "current_location": "236 Korean", "title": "Octafoil-shaped Mirror Featuring Ci Fei, the Dragon Slayer", "title_in_original_language": "\u4f7d\u975e\u65ac\u86df\u9f8d\u8475\u82b1\u93e1", "creation_date": "900s\u20131300s", "creation_date_earliest": 900, "creation_date_latest": 1399, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Jin dynasty (1115-1234) or Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918-1392)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Song Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Diameter: 17.2 cm (6 3/4 in.); Overall: 1.1 cm (7/16 in.); Rim: 0.5 cm (3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.172, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "overall": {"height": 0.011, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.4375}, "rim": {"height": 0.005, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "\u714c\u4e15\u660c\u5929", "inscription_translation": "Great and resplendent is the heaven", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 193152, "title": "Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors", "description": "<i>Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17-November 26, 2000); China Institute in America, New York, NY (February 6-June 2, 2002); Elvehjem Museum of Art, Madison, WI (December 20, 2003-February 29, 2004).", "opening_date": "2000-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"id": 315373, "title": "Mountains and Rivers Beyond the DMZ \u2013 Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "<i>Mountains and Rivers Beyond the DMZ \u2013 Korean Gallery 236 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (January 21-July 21, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 337978, "title": "Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation", "description": "<i>Ink, Paper, and Brush - Korean Gallery 236 Rotation</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 24, 2019-January 26, 2020).", "opening_date": "2019-07-24T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter, Madison, WI, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131995", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1995\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The mirror is currently thought to be a Chinese work dating to the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Recently published excavation reports, however, reveal that this particular type was exclusively unearthed from Korean tombs of the Goryeo period.", "description": "The mythical hero Ci Fei and his victory during his travel through the Yangzi River is depicted on this eight-lobbed mirror. He raises his sword in order to attack sea monsters. On the top, a large inscription in seal script reads \u201cGreat and Resplendent is the Heaven.\u201d The mirror is currently thought to be a Chinese work dating to the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Recently published excavation reports, however, reveal that this particular type was exclusively unearthed from Korean tombs of the Goryeo period. Some Korean scholars speculate that this Chinese epic was appropriated to celebrate the Goryeo ruling house\u2019s heroic ancestry and this type of mirror was widely distributed as a token of power among Goryeo elite class members.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60762387"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.376-octafoil-shaped-mirr"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi. <em>Circles of reflection: the Carter collection of Chinese bronze mirrors</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 80, p. 85; pp. 109, 124", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo Dynasty: Korea's Age of Enlightenment, 918-1392</em>. San Francisco: Asian Art Museum, 2003.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Choi, Eung-chon. \u201cCraftsmen in Metal Arts in the Goryeo Dynasty [\uace0\ub824\uc2dc\ub300 \u91d1\u5c6c\u5de5\u85dd\uc758 \u5320\u4eba].\u201d <em>Misulsahak yeongu</em> (2004): 171\u2013192.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE00996932"}, {"citation": "Kim, Sung-june. \"The National Flag of the Sailing Ship inscribed on the Bronze Mirror in the Goryeo Period.\"<em> Yeoksa wa gyeong'gye</em> (2017): 245\u2013281.", "page_number": null, "url": "http://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE07298449&language=ko_KR"}, {"citation": "<em>Goryeo: The Glory of Korea </em>[\ub300\uace0\ub824, \uadf8 \ucc2c\ub780\ud55c \ub3c4\uc804]. Seoul: National Museum of Korea, 2018.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "McCormick, Sooa. \u201cNorth of the Border: A preview of the Korean gallery's new display, coming in January.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>vol. 58, no. 6 (November/December 2018): 16\u201317.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16; Mentioned: pp. 16, 17.", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2018-06/page/n7/mode/2up"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.376", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "791", "filesize": "180092", "filename": "1995.376_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2990", "filesize": "2299076", "filename": "1995.376_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_full.tif", "width": "11815", "height": "10391", "filesize": "368337232", "filename": "1995.376_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "793", "filesize": "152005"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2994", "filesize": "2232471"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_alt0_full.tif", "width": "11815", "height": "10403", "filesize": "368761580"}, "date_created": "2025-08-27T15:49:55", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "893", "height": "893", "filesize": "630755"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6904988"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3804", "height": "3804", "filesize": "43420164"}, "date_created": "2004-01-13T20:42:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "893", "height": "893", "filesize": "639840"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6883205"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.376/1995.376_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3804", "height": "3804", "filesize": "43426644"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": "399da740c8e844a6b998db53aaf511b6", "sketchfab_url": "https://sketchfab.com/models/399da740c8e844a6b998db53aaf511b6", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 159190, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 900, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "900s\u20131300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-13 11:47:05.821000"}, {"id": 168751, "accession_number": "2010.454.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Female Bowl-Bearing Figure, late 1800s-early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Luba-style carver. Wood, glass beads, upholstery studs, plant fiber, and iron; overall: 40.8 x 16.1 x 27.3 cm (16 1/16 x 6 5/16 x 10 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.454.a", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Female Bowl-Bearing Figure", "creation_date": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Luba-style carver"], "technique": "Wood, glass beads, upholstery studs, plant fiber, and iron", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 40.8 x 16.1 x 27.3 cm (16 1/16 x 6 5/16 x 10 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.408, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.161, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.273, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202001, "title": "Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture", "description": "<i>Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 2013-February 9, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Frans M. Olbrechts (1899-1958): In Search of Art in Africa.</em> Ethnographic Museum, Antwerp, BE (December 7, 2001-March 31, 2002)", "opening_date": "2001-12-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Tentoonstelling van Kongo-Kunst.</em> Stad Stedelijke Feestzaal, Antwerp, BE (December 24, 1937-January 16, 1938)", "opening_date": "1937-12-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Gaston Heenen [1880-1963], Brussels, BE, 1939, sold to Hendrik Elias.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1939", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hendrik Elias [b. 1925], Galerie Elmar, Wieze, BE, 1968, sold to Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939-1968", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Ren\u00e9 [1901-1998] and Odette Delenne [1925-2012], Brussels, BE, 2010, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968-2010", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 2010", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2010", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Symbolic of anvils, the round metal tacks decorating the figure's hair \"pin\" spirits and their secrets within it. 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While much Luba-style art depicts women--who are societally important--men created and owned the majority of such works.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80075129"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.454.a-female-bowl-bearing"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Antwerpen, Stad Stedelijke Feestzaal, and Antwerpsche Propagandaweken. <em>Tentoonstelling van Kongo-Kunst,</em> cat. 669. Exh. Cat. Antwerp: Antwerpsche Propagandaweken, December 24, 1937-January 16, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. 669.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olbrechts, Frans M. <em>Plastiek van Kongo.</em> Antwerp/Brussels/Ghent/Leuven: Standaards-Boekhandel, 1946.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olbrechets, Frans M., Constantine Petridis, and Daniel P. Biebuyck. <em>Frans M. Olbrechts (1899-1958): In Search of Art in Africa</em>, cat. 53. Exh. Cat. 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Milan: 5 Continents Editions, 2013, 30, 79, 82-83, 108.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 30, 79-80, 108, 114 ; reproduced: p. 82-83, cat. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Inscriptions: Establishing a Pre-1937 Acquisition Date for 1,525 Central African Sculptures.\" <em>Tribal: The Magazine of Tribal Art</em> XXIV: 4, no. 85 (Autumn, 2017): 127, 130-131.", "page_number": "p. 127, p. 130 color repr., p. 131 sketch", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne.\" In <em>Tribal Art</em> XV-4, no. 61 (Autumn 2011): 119.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119, fig. 4; mentioned: p. 122", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.454.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454.a/2010.454.a_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": "161880", "filename": "2010.454.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454.a/2010.454.a_print.jpg", "width": "2594", "height": "3400", "filesize": "947271", "filename": "2010.454.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454.a/2010.454.a_full.tif", "width": "7153", "height": "9377", "filesize": "201246292", "filename": "2010.454.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168751, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-06-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2010.454", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:40:42.013000"}, {"id": 168752, "accession_number": "2010.454.b", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Female Bowl-Bearing Figure (lid), late 1800s-early 1900s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Luba-style carver. Wood and upholstery studs; overall: 40.8 x 16.1 x 27.3 cm (16 1/16 x 6 5/16 x 10 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 2010.454.b", "current_location": "108A African", "title": "Female Bowl-Bearing Figure (lid)", "creation_date": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "creation_date_earliest": 1880, "creation_date_latest": 1920, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Luba-style carver"], "technique": "Wood and upholstery studs", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 40.8 x 16.1 x 27.3 cm (16 1/16 x 6 5/16 x 10 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.408, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.161, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.3125, "depth": 0.273, "depth_inch": 10, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 202001, "title": "Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture", "description": "<i>Fragments of the Invisible: The Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 27, 2013-February 9, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-10-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Frans M. Olbrechts (1899-1958): In Search of Art in Africa.</em> Ethnographic Museum, Antwerp, BE (December 7, 2001-March 31, 2002)", "opening_date": "2001-12-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Tentoonstelling van Kongo-Kunst.</em> Stad Stedelijke Feestzaal, Antwerp, BE (December 24, 1937-January 16, 1938)", "opening_date": "1937-12-24T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Gaston Heenen [1880-1963], Brussels, BE, 1939, sold to Hendrik Elias.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1939", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Hendrik Elias [b. 1925], Galerie Elmar, Wieze, BE, 1968, sold to Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1939-1968", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Ren\u00e9 [1901-1998] and Odette Delenne [1925-2012], Brussels, BE, 2010, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1968-2010", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, 2010", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2010", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "It is rare for a Luba-style bowl bearer figure to still have its lid.", "description": "This lid is part of a bowl-bearing figure. In Luba-style art, an object's beauty affects how well it works. While bowl-bearing figures had many possible uses, a royal diviner likely used this well-carved image of a woman carrying a bowl in rituals. Dusty traces of <em>mpemba </em>(white chalk) fleck the shining exterior and the bowl's interior, showing it once held this sacred powder. Diamond-shaped scarification marks at her waist, chest, and back add to her beauty. Her hair is carved into the cascading layered hairstyle worn in the Luba region at the turn of the twentieth century. Strands of imported glass beads encircle her waist and neck, and dangle from her hair. The alternating white and blue beads may symbolize the moon and Mbidi Kiluwe, a culture hero linked to royal practice and smithing. While much Luba-style art depicts women\u2014who are societally important\u2014men created and owned the majority of such works.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80075130"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2010.454.b-female-bowl-bearing"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Antwerpen, Stad Stedelijke Feestzaal, and Antwerpsche Propagandaweken. <em>Tentoonstelling van Kongo-Kunst,</em> cat. 669. Exh. Cat. Antwerp: Antwerpsche Propagandaweken, December 24, 1937-January 16, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. 669.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olbrechts, Frans M. <em>Plastiek van Kongo.</em> Antwerp/Brussels/Ghent/Leuven: Standaards-Boekhandel, 1946.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 108", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olbrechets, Frans M., Constantine Petridis, and Daniel P. Biebuyck. <em>Frans M. Olbrechts (1899-1958): In Search of Art in Africa</em>, cat. 53. Exh. Cat. Antwerp: Ethnographic Museum, December 7, 2001-March 31, 2002.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: [p. 165] cat. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne.\" In <em>Tribal Art</em> XV-4, no. 61 (Autumn 2011): 119.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119, fig. 4; mentioned: p. 122", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine, et al. <em>Fragments of the Invisible: The Rene\u0301 and Odette Delenne Collection of Congo Sculpture.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art. Milan: 5 Continents Editions, 2013, 30, 79, 82-83, 108.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 30, 79-80, 108, 114 ; reproduced: p. 82-83, cat. 26", "url": null}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Inscriptions: Establishing a Pre-1937 Acquisition Date for 1,525 Central African Sculptures.\" <em>Tribal: The Magazine of Tribal Art</em> XXIV: 4, no. 85 (Autumn, 2017): 127, 130-131.", "page_number": "p. 127, p. 130 color repr., p. 131 sketch", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2010.454.b", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454.b/2010.454.b_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "803", "filesize": "183766", "filename": "2010.454.b_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454.b/2010.454.b_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3035", "filesize": "1367523", "filename": "2010.454.b_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454.b/2010.454.b_full.tif", "width": "5790", "height": "5168", "filesize": "89793272", "filename": "2010.454.b_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454.b/2010.454.b_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "844", "filesize": "231079"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454.b/2010.454.b_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3187", "filesize": "1874317"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2010.454.b/2010.454.b_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5027", "height": "4712", "filesize": "71087840"}, "date_created": "2020-03-02T21:22:26", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Ren\u00e9 and Odette Delenne Collection, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 168752, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2006-06-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1880, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "late 1800s-early 1900s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "2010.454", "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:40:43.941000"}, {"id": 122324, "accession_number": "1942.623", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Charger Depicting a Boar Hunt, c. 1575. Circle of Fontana Family (Italian). Tin-glazed earthenware (maiolica); diameter: 8.6 x 45.7 cm (3 3/8 x 18 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Bequest of John L. Severance, 1942.623", "current_location": "118 Italian Renaissance", "title": "Charger Depicting a Boar Hunt", "creation_date": "c. 1575", "creation_date_earliest": 1560, "creation_date_latest": 1590, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Urbino"], "technique": "tin-glazed earthenware (maiolica)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Diameter: 8.6 x 45.7 cm (3 3/8 x 18 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.086, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.457, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 335856, "title": "Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection", "description": "<i>Exhibition of the John L. Severance Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 12, 1942-March 14, 1943).", "opening_date": "1942-11-12T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311953, "title": "Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts", "description": "<i>Classic to Baroque: A Style Change in the Arts</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 30-November 13, 1949).", "opening_date": "1949-09-30T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "<i>Collecting Drawings in England</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "John L. Severance [1863-1936], Cleveland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "In the centuries leading up to the Renaissance, boar hunting was an activity reserved for royalty and the aristocracy.", "description": "During the Renaissance, an understanding of classical antiquity was perceived to be a sign of social, intellectual, and economic distinction. Scenes from Greco-Roman mythology were prominently featured on maiolica, covering the surface in a style called <em>istoriato</em> (decorated with stories).", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746637"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1942.623-charger-depicting-a"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "John Long Severance Art Collection Photographs: Furniture, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 279; Reproduced: p. 281", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceFurniture/page/n278/mode/1up"}, {"citation": "<em>Catalogue of the John L. Severance Collection: Bequest of John L. Severance, 1936.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1942.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 46, cat. no. 97", "url": "https://archive.org/details/SeveranceBequest/page/n50"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William M., Gertrude Underhill, and Jean Mailey. \u201cDepartment of Decorative Arts.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 29, no. 9 (November 1942): 137\u201351.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 148", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25141017"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1942.623", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.623/1942.623_web.jpg", "width": "949", "height": "893", "filesize": "688239", "filename": "1942.623_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.623/1942.623_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3201", "filesize": "6814774", "filename": "1942.623_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.623/1942.623_full.tif", "width": "5001", "height": "4708", "filesize": "70676892", "filename": "1942.623_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.623/1942.623_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "897", "height": "893", "filesize": "404562"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.623/1942.623_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3385", "filesize": "6221429"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1942.623/1942.623_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4650", "height": "4629", "filesize": "64613344"}, "date_created": "2008-05-06T14:40:08", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Bequest of John L. Severance", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 122324, "creators": [{"id": 386016, "description": "Fontana Family (Italian)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "circle of", "role": "maker", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1942-07-24T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1560, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1575", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:17:55.751000"}, {"id": 142733, "accession_number": "1966.442", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Flower Study of a Violet, c. 1885\u20131915. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Enamel, silver gilt, jade, diamond, rock crystal; overall: 9.9 x 3.7 cm (3 7/8 x 1 7/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.442", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Flower Study of a Violet", "creation_date": "c. 1885\u20131915", "creation_date_earliest": 1885, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "enamel, silver gilt, jade, diamond, rock crystal", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 9.9 x 3.7 cm (3 7/8 x 1 7/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.099, "height_inch": 3, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.037, "width_inch": 1, "width_inch_fraction": 0.4375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194450, "title": "Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique ", "description": "<i>Artistic Luxury: Faberg\u00e9 Tiffany Lalique </i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The stems of Faberg\u00e9\u2019s flower studies are set into little basins carved from rock crystal to resemble pots of water.", "description": "This flower study depicts a single stem of violet. Faberg\u00e9\u2019s inspiration for his flower studies is said to have come from the floral brooches of precious stones that were made in the 1700s for Catherine the Great as well as from the Japanese art of flower arranging, known as ikebana. Small and delicate, Faberg\u00e9\u2019s flower studies were given as intimate gifts to friends by the tsarina and others in the court. She also liked to take them around to wherever the imperial family was residing as a reminder of spring during the harsh Russian winters.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60761554"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.442-flower-study-of-a-vi"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 74-75, cat. 33.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Swezey, Marilyn Pfeifer, Caroline de Guitaut, and Joyce Lasky Reed. <em>Faberge\u0301 Flowers</em>. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Publishers, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced:  pp. 76-77.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/54046274"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. 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Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 0}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1885, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1885\u20131915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:02.214000"}, {"id": 142741, "accession_number": "1966.448", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Begging Poodle, c. 1895\u20131915. House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Agate, rubies; overall: 6.4 x 2.6 x 2.3 cm (2 1/2 x 1 x 7/8 in.). 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The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}, {"id": 211192, "title": "Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9's Menagerie: The Animal Creations of the Faberg\u00e9 Workshop</i>. The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, MD (organizer) (February 14-July 27, 2003); Columbus Museum of Art, Columbus, OH (October 12, 2003-January 4, 2004); Portland Art Museum, Portland, OR (February 8-May 2, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-02-14T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Small sculptural figures of animals date back to ancient cultures that prized them both for sustenance and mythical godliness.", "description": "In creating luxurious accessories for a desk or tabletop, the House of Faberg\u00e9 often used native hardstones such as multicolored agate and jasper, green nephrite, pink rhodonite, and rock crystal found in the Ural Mountains of western Russia. By paying careful attention to the unique colors and textures of the stones, Faberg\u00e9 and his craftsmen brought them to life, turning milky agate into this figure of a begging poodle or brown and black jasper into sleeping puppies. The use of native materials also promoted Russian nationalism, which appealed greatly to the tsar and his family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60754347"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.448-begging-poodle"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 66-7, cat. 29.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von, and David Park Curry. <em>Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 108, cat. 86.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}, {"citation": "Faberge\u0301, Peter Carl, and Deborah E. Horowitz. <em>The Faberge\u0301 Menagerie</em>. London: Philip Wilson Pub, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 124, cat. 58.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/196795062"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.448", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.448/1966.448_web.jpg", "width": "695", "height": "900", "filesize": "65656", "filename": "1966.448_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.448/1966.448_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "669187", "filename": "1966.448_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.448/1966.448_full.tif", "width": "3536", "height": "4576", "filesize": "48564788", "filename": "1966.448_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142741, "creators": [{"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.450", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Bulldog", "creation_date": "c. 1895\u20131915", "creation_date_earliest": 1895, "creation_date_latest": 1915, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "amethystine quartz, diamonds", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Overall: 4.4 x 5.1 x 3.5 cm (1 3/4 x 2 x 1 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.044, "height_inch": 1, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.051, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.035, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. 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The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 19, 2008-January 18, 2009); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (February 7-May 31, 2009).", "opening_date": "2008-10-19T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Faberg\u00e9's lapidaries carefully chose the stones to resemble the color and texture of the figure they were sculpting. The smoky quartz used for this bulldog was polished to resemble his dark shiny coat.", "description": "In creating luxurious accessories for a desk or tabletop, the House of Faberg\u00e9 often used native hardstones such as multicolored agate and jasper, green nephrite, pink rhodonite, quartz, and rock crystal found in the Ural Mountains of western Russia. By paying careful attention to the unique colors and textures of the stones, Faberg\u00e9 and his craftsmen brought them to life, turning smoky quartz into this figure of a seated bulldog, for example. The use of native materials also promoted Russian nationalism, which appealed greatly to the tsar and his family.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759490"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.450-bulldog"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 68-9, cat 30.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Faberge\u0301, Peter Carl, and Deborah E. Horowitz. <em>The Faberge\u0301 Menagerie</em>. London: Philip Wilson Pub, 2003.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 121, cat. 55.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/196795062"}, {"citation": "Harrison, Stephen, Emmanuel Ducamp, and Jeannine J. Falino. <em>Artistic Luxury: Faberge\u0301 Tiffany Lalique.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 184, cat. 33.", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/230187932"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.450", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_web.jpg", "width": "924", "height": "893", "filesize": "379761", "filename": "1966.450_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_print.jpg", "width": "2686", "height": "2595", "filesize": "3787812", "filename": "1966.450_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_full.tif", "width": "2686", "height": "2595", "filesize": "20944888", "filename": "1966.450_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1116", "height": "893", "filesize": "469308"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3142", "height": "2515", "filesize": "4413405"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3142", "height": "2515", "filesize": "23740404"}, "date_created": "2008-06-09T13:22:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1082", "height": "893", "filesize": "447638"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2931", "height": "2419", "filesize": "3895980"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt1_full.tif", "width": "2931", "height": "2419", "filesize": "21303332"}, "date_created": "2008-06-09T13:28:59", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "906", "height": "893", "filesize": "404371"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3350", "filesize": "4874733"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5000", "height": "4926", "filesize": "73921356"}, "date_created": "2005-08-22T19:55:04", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "801", "height": "893", "filesize": "345080"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "3048", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4371510"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.450/1966.450_alt3_full.tif", "width": "4482", "height": "5000", "filesize": "67259664"}, "date_created": "2005-07-12T18:44:47", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142744, "creators": [{"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1895, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1895\u20131915", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:07.534000"}, {"id": 142761, "accession_number": "1966.466", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Pill or Snuff Box, 1906\u201316. Attributed to Feodor Ivanovich R\u00fcckert (Russian, 1840\u20131917), House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918). Silver gilt and enamel; diameter: 5.8 cm (2 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The India Early Minshall Collection, 1966.466", "current_location": "211 Faberg\u00e9", "title": "Pill or Snuff Box", "creation_date": "1906\u201316", "creation_date_earliest": 1906, "creation_date_latest": 1916, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["Russia, St. Petersburg"], "technique": "silver gilt and enamel", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Miscellaneous", "measurements": "Diameter: 5.8 cm (2 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"height": 0.058, "height_inch": 2, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Marks:  Kokoshnik (?), tester's initials [assay mark of Moscow, 1908-26]; 88; C. Faberg\u00e9 (in Cyrillic); double-headed eagle [imperial warrant]; scratched 25477.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301086, "title": "The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries", "description": "<i>The India Early Minshall Collection: Faberge and his Contemporaries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 15, 1967-January 21, 1968).", "opening_date": "1967-03-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 301129, "title": "Year in Review: 1967", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1967</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 29-December 31, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-11-29T05:00:00"}, {"id": 208794, "title": "Faberg\u00e9 in America", "description": "<i>Faberg\u00e9 in America</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 12-May 5, 1996); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (organizer) (May 25-July 28, 1996); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (August 24-November 2, 1996); New Orleans Museum of Art (December 7, 1996-February 8, 1997); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (March 12-May 11, 1997).", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "The Metropolitan Museum of Art (2/12/96-4/28/96); The Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco (5/25/96-7/28/96); Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (8/24/96-11/2/96); New Orleans Museum of Art (12/7/96-2/8/97); The Cleveland Museum of Art (3/9/97-5/11/97). \"Faberg\u00e9 in America,\" exh. cat. no. 71, p. 100; color repr. p. 100.", "opening_date": "1996-02-12T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "India Early Minshall [1885\u20131965], Cleveland, OH, bequest to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1966", "sortorder": null}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1966-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Around 1900, ladies often carried little boxes for medicines, a pinch of snuff, or cosmetic patches for the face.", "description": "Faberg\u00e9\u2019s craftsmen in Moscow became known for their work in the pan-Slavic or neo-Russian taste, hearkening back to 17th-century styles of Russian folk decoration. This little box for pills, snuff, or cosmetic patches follows on in this style with its scene of a romantic ride in the quintessential mode of Russian transportation, a horse-drawn sleigh or <em>troika</em>.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60759393"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.466-pill-or-snuff-box"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Hawley, Henry H. <em>Faberge\u0301 and His Contemporaries: The India Early Minshall Collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned:  pp. 122-3, cat. 58", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/836254532"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von and David Park Curry.<em> Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced:  p. 100, cat. 71", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=34433639"}, {"citation": "Habsburg, Ge\u0301za von and David Park Curry.<em> Faberge\u0301 in America</em>. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1996.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced p. 100, cat. 71", "url": "https://ingallslibrary.on.worldcat.org/oclc/34433639"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.466", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.466/1966.466_web.jpg", "width": "905", "height": "893", "filesize": "655934", "filename": "1966.466_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.466/1966.466_print.jpg", "width": "1557", "height": "1536", "filesize": "1959137", "filename": "1966.466_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.466/1966.466_full.tif", "width": "1557", "height": "1536", "filesize": "7177300", "filename": "1966.466_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.466/1966.466_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1156", "height": "893", "filesize": "700184"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.466/1966.466_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2627", "filesize": "5657541"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.466/1966.466_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4242", "height": "3278", "filesize": "41751152"}, "date_created": "2008-09-10T17:33:23", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.466/1966.466_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1155", "height": "893", "filesize": "720500"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.466/1966.466_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2628", "filesize": "5760420"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.466/1966.466_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4287", "height": "3313", "filesize": "42642712"}, "date_created": "2008-09-10T17:38:03", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The India Early Minshall Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142761, "creators": [{"id": 8894, "description": "Feodor Ivanovich R\u00fcckert (Russian, 1840\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "attributed to", "role": "workmaster", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 55332, "description": "House of Faberg\u00e9 (Russian, 1842\u20131918)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "maker", "biography": "Peter Carl Faberge (1846-1920) took over the House of Faberge in 1870 from his father Carl Gustav Faberge who had founded the firm in 1842. Until 1881, the firm manufactured primarily jewelry for Saint Petersburg's aristocrats and wealthy elite. In 1885 the firm was awarded the coveted imperial warrant as goldsmith to the tsar and began to produce elaborate presentation Easter eggs as a gift for the tsarina from her husband every year. They also produced luxurious accessories, jewelry, and hardstone sculptures. At one point, Faberge employed over 300 workers including 22 workmasters who oversaw the production of the firm's jewelry and precious objects. A branch of the firm opened in Moscow in 1887, specializing in neo-Russian and pan-Slavic motifs in jewelry, silver, and enamel. Other branches followed in Kiev, London, and Odessa as well as new premises in Saint Petersburg. At the onset of the Russian Revolution, Peter Carl Faberge fled the country to Paris then Switzerland, where he died in 1920. His firm was nationalized by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1842", "death_year": "1918", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-11-05T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1906, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1906\u201316", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:20:13.394000"}, {"id": 153343, "accession_number": "1986.47", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Za\u014d Gongen (\u8535\u738b\u6a29\u73fe), 1100s. Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185). Gilt bronze with repouss\u00e9 and incised details; overall: 25.8 x 17.8 cm (10 3/16 x 7 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1986.47", "current_location": "235A Japanese", "title": "Za\u014d Gongen", "title_in_original_language": "\u8535\u738b\u6a29\u73fe", "creation_date": "1100s", "creation_date_earliest": 1100, "creation_date_latest": 1185, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Heian period (794\u20131185)"], "technique": "Gilt bronze with repouss\u00e9 and incised details", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Overall: 25.8 x 17.8 cm (10 3/16 x 7 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.258, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.178, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310034, "title": "Year in Review for 1986", "description": "<i>Year in Review for 1986</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 4-March 15, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-02-04T05:00:00"}, {"id": 295705, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 15, 2017-January 2, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309312, "title": "Shinto: Discovering the Divine in Japanese Art \u795e\u9053\uff0d\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u6027\u306e\u767a\u898b", "description": "<i>Shinto: Discovering the Divine in Japanese Art \u795e\u9053\uff0d\u65e5\u672c\u7f8e\u8853\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u795e\u6027\u306e\u767a\u898b</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (April 9-June 30, 2019).", "opening_date": "2019-04-09T04:00:00"}, {"id": 698362, "title": "Highlights of Japanese Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Japanese Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 7, 2025-June 14, 2026).", "opening_date": "2025-12-07T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Shunichi Yabumoto Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131986", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1986\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This votive mirror would have been hung in a temple or shrine.", "description": "Za\u014d Gongen is the deity of Mount Kinpu, in the Yoshino Mountains south of Nara. This fragment is from a votive mirror called a <em>kakebotoke</em> with metal fittings at the top through which a cord could be used to hang it.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79939140"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1986.47-zao-gongen"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review for 1986.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 74, no. 2, 1987, pp. 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 237, p. 50; Mentioned: p. 79", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159974"}, {"citation": "\u201cArt of Asia Acquired by North American Museums, 1987.\u201d <em>Archives of Asian Art</em>, vol. 41, 1988, pp. 95\u2013110.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 10, p. 98", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/20111187"}, {"citation": "Vilbar, Sine\u0301ad, and Kevin Gray Carr. <em>Shinto: Discovery of the Divine in Japanese Art. </em>Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 186-187, no. 75", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1986.47", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.47/1986.47_web.jpg", "width": "734", "height": "900", "filesize": "155700", "filename": "1986.47_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.47/1986.47_print.jpg", "width": "2772", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1937803", "filename": "1986.47_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.47/1986.47_full.tif", "width": "9510", "height": "11664", "filesize": "332801588", "filename": "1986.47_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.47/1986.47_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "719", "height": "900", "filesize": "146060"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.47/1986.47_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2716", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1794181"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.47/1986.47_alt0_full.tif", "width": "9319", "height": "11664", "filesize": "326117852"}, "date_created": "2025-10-06T17:44:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.47/1986.47_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "725", "height": "893", "filesize": "439679"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.47/1986.47_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2762", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6454356"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1986.47/1986.47_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4062", "height": "5000", "filesize": "60951956"}, "date_created": "2006-12-19T15:31:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 153343, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1986-09-29T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1100, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1100s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Zao Gongen"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:55:07.044000"}, {"id": 155060, "accession_number": "1989.76", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Prince Sh\u014dtoku at Age Two (Sh\u014dtoku Taishi) (\u8056\u5fb3\u592a\u5b50\u7acb\u50cf\uff08\u4e8c\u6b73\u50cf\uff09), early 1300s. Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333). Wood with lacquer, color, and rock-crystal inlaid eyes; height: 68.6 cm (27 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. James Campbell Weir in memory of Dr. and Mrs. William Hawksley Weir, 1989.76", "current_location": "235B Japanese", "title": "Prince Sh\u014dtoku at Age Two (Sh\u014dtoku Taishi)", "title_in_original_language": "\u8056\u5fb3\u592a\u5b50\u7acb\u50cf\uff08\u4e8c\u6b73\u50cf\uff09", "creation_date": "early 1300s", "creation_date_earliest": 1300, "creation_date_latest": 1325, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Japan, Kamakura period (1185\u20131333)"], "technique": "Wood with lacquer, color, and rock-crystal inlaid eyes", "support_materials": [], "department": "Japanese Art", "collection": "Japanese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "height: 68.6 cm (27 in.)", "dimensions": {"height": {"height": 0.686, "height_inch": 27, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310333, "title": "The Year in Review for 1989", "description": "<i>The Year in Review for 1989</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 6-April 15, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-02-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 215140, "title": "Intimate Rituals and Personal Devotions: Spiritual Art Through the Ages", "description": "<i>Intimate Rituals and Personal Devotions: Spiritual Art Through the Ages</i>. Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art, Gainesville, FL (organizer) (July 16, 2000-January 14, 2001).", "opening_date": "2000-07-16T00:00:00"}, {"id": 295705, "title": "Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018", "description": "<i>Japanese Gallery 235 Rotation - July 2017-January 2018</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (July 15, 2017-January 2, 2018).", "opening_date": "2017-07-15T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Asian Autumn: Masterpieces from the Collection</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1992)", "opening_date": "1992-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Mr. James Campbell Weir [1908\u20131967]and Mrs. Margaret Leland Weir [1909\u20131992], Cleveland, OH, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131989", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1989\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["1261.1986"], "did_you_know": "Sh\u014dtoku Taishi had several titles. One translates to \"the prince of the stable door\" because he was said to have been born in the imperial stables.", "description": "Two-year old Prince Sh\u014dtoku (573?\u2013622?) places his palms together in a gesture called <em>gassh\u014d</em>. Sh\u014dtoku played a major role in the introduction of Buddhism to Japan, and devotees of the prince commissioned painted and sculpted images commemorating important moments of his life. At age two, the prince faced east and chanted the name of the Buddha without having been taught the practice. This sculpture captures the fantastic event foreshadowing his future acts.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60758587"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1989.76-prince-shotoku-at-ag"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cThe Year in Review: Selections 1989.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>, vol. 77, no. 2, 1990, pp. 38\u201378.", "page_number": "Reproduced: no. 225, pp. 51, 79", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160106"}, {"citation": "Perkins, Larry David. <em>Intimate Rituals and Personal Devotions: Spiritual Art Through the Ages</em>. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida, Samuel P. Harn Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 35, pp. 30, 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Grossman, Nancy, James T. Ulak, Marjorie Williams, and Laurence Channing. <em>Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2005.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1989.76", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.76/1989.76_web.jpg", "width": "686", "height": "900", "filesize": "103336", "filename": "1989.76_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.76/1989.76_print.jpg", "width": "2592", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1150118", "filename": "1989.76_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.76/1989.76_full.tif", "width": "10652", "height": "13972", "filesize": "446516152", "filename": "1989.76_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.76/1989.76_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "687", "height": "900", "filesize": "100700"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1989.76/1989.76_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2594", "height": "3400", 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"https://sketchfab.com/models/78ae046fb1b5421fbd9684cae68fed03", "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 155060, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1989-09-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1300, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "early 1300s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": "The remaining fragmentary paint layers on this lacquered wood sculpture indicate that the garment was red, the skin was a pale color, and the hair was painted a different, as-yet unknown color. Visual examination shows that the wood sculpture was first covered with a textile layer adhered with lacquer, then additional layers of lacquer (some possibly mixed with other materials), before being painted. X-radiographs show that the body is carved from a solid piece of wood, with separate solid sections for the arms, attached with internal tenons. The head is also a separate section, cut into two pieces that are hollowed out on the interior, with a tenon that extends down into the neck. The hollow head allowed for the insertion of reverse-painted crystal eyes (<em>gyokugan</em>), held in place with a block of wood attached to the interior of the face with wooden pegs. There is likely a layer of a soft light-colored material such as paper directly behind the crystal lenses. A section of drapery behind the figure's feet is a replacement of an unknown date.", "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Shotoku Taishi as a Child"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-12 19:18:19.980000"}, {"id": 160953, "accession_number": "1999.220", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Double-tier Mirror (\u900f\u96d5\u7d0b\u93e1), 300s BCE. China, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE). Bronze; diameter: 7.6 cm (3 in.); overall: 0.8 cm (5/16 in.); rim: 0.5 cm (3/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee, 1999.220", "current_location": "241A Arts of Ancient China", "title": "Double-tier Mirror", "title_in_original_language": "\u900f\u96d5\u7d0b\u93e1", "creation_date": "300s BCE", "creation_date_earliest": -399, "creation_date_latest": -300, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["China, Warring States period (475\u2013221 BCE)"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "China - Zhou Dynasty", "type": "Metalwork", "measurements": "Diameter: 7.6 cm (3 in.); Overall: 0.8 cm (5/16 in.); Rim: 0.5 cm (3/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"diameter": {"width": 0.076, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}, "overall": {"height": 0.008, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "rim": {"height": 0.005, "height_inch": 0, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 193152, "title": "Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors", "description": "<i>Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 17-November 26, 2000); China Institute in America, New York, NY (February 6-June 2, 2002); Elvehjem Museum of Art, Madison, WI (December 20, 2003-February 29, 2004).", "opening_date": "2000-09-17T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, Ohio:  The Cleveland Museum of Art; September 17-November 26, 2000.  \"Circles of Reflection:  The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors\" exh. cat. no. 4, pp. 26-27; pp. 110, 127; repr. p. 26, color repr. pl. 1, p. 15.", "opening_date": "2000-09-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, New York:  China Institute Gallery; February 6, 2002-June 2, 2002.  \"Circles of Reflection: The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors\".", "opening_date": "2002-02-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Madison, Wisconsin: Elvehjem Museum of Art, University of Wisconsin-Madison; December 20, 2003-February 29, 2004.  \"Circles of Reflection: The Carter Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors\".", "opening_date": "2003-12-20T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter, Madison, WI, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1999", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH, -present", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1999-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "This luxury object consists of two different layers: a reflective disc with a central knob on the back, and a ring with openwork serpent designs.", "description": "The craft of mirror making prospered remarkably during the Warring States period, as bronzes increasingly served as luxury items for individuals. A variety of ornamentations appear on the backs of mirrors, some of which bear resemblance to those found in contemporary jades, lacquer wares, and textiles\u2014all luxury items of the day. This tiny round mirror belongs to the rare double-cast type. It consists of two different layers: a reflective disc with a central knob at the back, and a ring with openwork designs of undulating serpents.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60751383"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1999.220-double-tier-mirror"]}, "citations": [{"citation": null, "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cCleveland Museum of Art Acquires Rare Chinese Paintings, Baroque Porcelain Plaque and Other New Acquisitions Exhibited with Hanging Scrolls,\u201d December 20, 1999, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4305"}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi. <em>Circles of reflection: the Carter collection of Chinese bronze mirrors</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2000.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 15, cat. no. 4", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.220", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_web.jpg", "width": "957", "height": "893", "filesize": "141647", "filename": "1999.220_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3173", "filesize": "1782104", "filename": "1999.220_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_full.tif", "width": "5462", "height": "5098", "filesize": "83566056", "filename": "1999.220_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1022", "height": "893", "filesize": "143444"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2972", "filesize": "1718299"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5704", "height": "4987", "filesize": "85364756"}, "date_created": "2012-08-21T12:52:58", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "893", "height": "893", "filesize": "640766"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3275", "height": "3275", "filesize": "6360248"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_alt1_full.tif", "width": "3275", "height": "3275", "filesize": "32190784"}, "date_created": "2004-01-27T17:17:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "893", "height": "893", "filesize": "641438"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3275", "height": "3275", "filesize": "5735421"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1999.220/1999.220_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3275", "height": "3275", "filesize": "32190160"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of Drs. Thomas and Martha Carter in Honor of Sherman E. Lee", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160953, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-12-06T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -399, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "300s BCE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:22:10.540000"}, {"id": 104693, "accession_number": "1923.1051", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The \"Spitzer Cross\", c. 1190. Master of the Royal Plantagenet Workshop (French). Copper: gilded, engraved, stippled; champlev\u00e9 enamel; wood backing (modern); overall: 67.4 x 41.9 x 0.2 cm (26 9/16 x 16 1/2 x 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1923.1051", "current_location": "106C Medieval Treasury", "title": "The \"Spitzer Cross\"", "creation_date": "c. 1190", "creation_date_earliest": 1185, "creation_date_latest": 1195, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, Limoges"], "technique": "copper: gilded, engraved, stippled; champlev\u00e9 enamel; wood backing (modern)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Gothic", "type": "Enamel", "measurements": "Overall: 67.4 x 41.9 x 0.2 cm (26 9/16 x 16 1/2 x 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.674, "height_inch": 26, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.419, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5, "depth": 0.002, "depth_inch": 0, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "No Extent Specified": {}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscription on titulus:  IHS XPS", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312517, "title": "The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition", "description": "<i>The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition: The Official Art Exhibit of the Great Lakes Exposition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 26-October 4, 1936).", "opening_date": "1936-06-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 180667, "title": "Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. National Museum of Bavaria, Munich, Germany (May 10-September 16, 2007); J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (October 30, 2007-January 20, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 13-June 7, 2009).", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}, {"id": 543214, "title": "Lumen: The Art and Science of Light", "description": "<i>Lumen: The Art and Science of Light</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (organizer) (September 10-December 8, 2024).", "opening_date": "2024-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, \"The Twentieth Anniversary Exhibition\" no. 13, 1936; p. 19, cat. no. 13.", "opening_date": "1936-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, Museum of Contemporary Crafts, \"Enamels\" Septembern 18-November 29, 1959; cat. no. 8.", "opening_date": "1959-11-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Seattle, Worlds Fair, \"Masterpieces of Art,\" April  21-September 4, 1962, no. 8, 1962; cat. no. 8, p. 30, repr. p. 31.", "opening_date": "1962-09-04T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Museum of Art, \"Treasures from Medieval France,\" 1966; no. III-31, p. 105, 357-358.", "opening_date": "1966-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "New York, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, \"The Year 1200,\" February 14-May 10, 1970;  no. 144, p. 139-140.", "opening_date": "1970-02-14T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Cleveland, The Cleveland Musuem of Art, \"Object Lessons: Cleveland Creates an Art Museum,\" 1991, p. 104.", "opening_date": "1991-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Bavarian Nationalmuseum, Munich (5/10/2007 - 9/16/2007), the J. Paul Getty Musuem, Los Angeles (10/30/2007 - 1/20/2008) and Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN (2/13/2009 - 6/7/2009): \"Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "B. Meyers; Frederic Spitzer, Paris (his sale, Paul Chevalier, Paris, 17 April - 16 June 1893, lot 228); (Arnold Seligmann, Rey & Co., New York).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": null, "description": "This fine enameled cross is named the \"Spitzer Cross\" after the Viennese art dealer and collector Baron Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Spitzer, who owned it in the 19th century. It has justly been hailed as the finest Limoges enameled cross to survive. The work\u2019s coloration exemplifies its refined craftsmanship. Rendered in white enamel, with fine lines defining the rib cage, abdomen, and muscles, Christ\u2019s body contrasts strikingly with the vibrant green, blue, and yellow of his halo, loincloth, and the cross.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60741289"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1923.1051-the-spitzer-cross"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cThe Limoges Enamel Cross from the Spitzer Collection.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 11, no. 2 (February 1924): 30\u201333, 36-37.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 30-33; Reproduced: p. 36-37", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136727"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n16"}, {"citation": "W. M. M., T. S., R. H., and F. A. W. \u201cIn Memoriam: Jeptha Homer Wade.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 13, no. 4 (April 1926): 63\u201391.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136919"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 16", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n20"}, {"citation": "Milliken. William. \"Objects from the Samuel Mather Collection.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no. 3 (March 1941): 36-40.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 36", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140911"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Silver Jubilee Exhibition.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>28, no.6 (June 1941): 88-108", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 90", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25140932"}, {"citation": "Milliken, William. \"Four Champlev\u00e9 Enamel Panels.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>38, no. 4 (April 1951): 72-74.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 72", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25141704"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 113", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n34"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n71"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D. <em>Treasures from Medieval France</em>. [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p.108; mentioned: p.107", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n133"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 47", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n69"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 51", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n71"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Holger A. Klein<em>. Sacred Gifts and Worldly Treasures: Medieval Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 156-157, no. 53", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 263", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Phillips, Glenn, and J. Paul Getty Museum. Lumen : The Art and Science of Light, 800-1600. Edited by Kristen M. Collins and Nancy Turner. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2024.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 147, no. 92", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1923.1051", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_web.jpg", "width": "676", "height": "900", "filesize": "163652", "filename": "1923.1051_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_print.jpg", "width": "2554", "height": "3400", "filesize": "972049", "filename": "1923.1051_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_full.tif", "width": "10365", "height": "13801", "filesize": "429169400", "filename": "1923.1051_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "675", "filesize": "280551"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2550", "filesize": "2462312"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt0_full.tif", "width": "14198", "height": "10647", "filesize": "453529096"}, "date_created": "2023-09-12T17:45:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "639", "height": "900", "filesize": "137207"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2415", "height": "3400", "filesize": "888422"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt1_full.tif", "width": "9624", "height": "13548", "filesize": "391184812"}, "date_created": "2023-09-12T16:53:30", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "617", "height": "893", "filesize": "228200"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "2349", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3256278"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt2_full.tif", "width": "3454", "height": "5000", "filesize": "51840080"}, "date_created": "2007-03-02T21:04:41", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "613", "height": "893", "filesize": "191710"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "2335", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2982480"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1923.1051/1923.1051_alt3_full.tif", "width": "3434", "height": "5000", "filesize": "51539188"}, "date_created": "2007-03-02T21:26:59", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 104693, "creators": [{"id": 9481, "description": "Master of the Royal Plantagenet Workshop (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1923-11-16T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1185, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1190", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cross"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:38:51.831000"}, {"id": 108314, "accession_number": "1925.945", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Relief Portrait Head of the Emperor Balbinus, c. 238 CE. Italy, Roman. Marble; overall: 18.5 cm (7 5/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of J. H. Wade, 1925.945", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Relief Portrait Head of the Emperor Balbinus", "creation_date": "c. 238 CE", "creation_date_earliest": 200, "creation_date_latest": 299, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman"], "technique": "marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 18.5 cm (7 5/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.185, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.3125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 517687, "title": "Curator's Choice from the Ancient World", "description": "<i>Curator's Choice from the Ancient World</i>. Newark Museum, Newark, NJ (organizer) (January 30-June 15, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 518174, "title": "Art of the Late Antique", "description": "<i>Art of the Late Antique</i>. The Rose Art Museum, Waltham, MA (December 17, 1968-February 16, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-12-17T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Carved in deep relief (not quite in the round), this head comes from a large sarcophagus.", "description": "Wearing a laurel wreath, this head belongs to the little-known Emperor Balbinus, who ruled the empire together with Pupienus for only 99 days in AD 238, the now infamous Year of the Six Emperors. Following his death at the hands of an angry mob, Balbinus and his wife (whose name remains unknown) nevertheless received a large and impressive marble sarcophagus. The couple recline together on the lid, and appear twice in relief on the front, where this head originally belonged. Remarkably, although the head was purchased in Rome in 1925, two years before the sarcophagus was discovered (in many pieces near the Praetextatus Catacombs in Rome), it was found to fit a gap in the larger sculpture in 1966. Since then, a plaster cast of the Cleveland head has remained in place on the original sarcophagus, now in the Vatican Museums.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740114"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1925.945-relief-portrait-head"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Jucker, Hans, and John D. Cooney. \"A Portrait Head of the Emperor Balbinus.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 54, no. 1 (1967): 11-16.", "page_number": null, "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25152134."}, {"citation": "Kleiner, Diana E. E. <em>Roman Sculpture</em>. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.", "page_number": "Discussed pp. 384-385. Ill. p. 356 (det.), 384 (fig. 356).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vermeule, Cornelius C. <em>Greek and Roman Sculpture in America: Masterpieces in Public Collections in the United States and Canada</em>. Malibu, Calif: The J. Paul Getty Museum, 1981.", "page_number": "P. 359, cat. 310 (Ill.).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jucker, H. \"Die Behauptung des Balbinus,\" <em>Arch\u00e4ologischer Anzeiger</em>, Heft 4, 1966, pp. 501-514.", "page_number": "Ill. Abb. 1-3.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Newark Museum, and Dorothy M. Budd. <em>Curator's Choice from the Ancient World</em>. 1968.", "page_number": "Ill. and discussed by John D. Cooney on 26th page (unnumbered).", "url": null}, {"citation": "Poses Institute of Fine Arts. <em>Art of the Late Antique from American Collections: A Loan Exhibition of the Poses Institute of Fine Arts</em> [Held at] Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, December 18, 1968-February 16, 1969. [Waltham]: [publisher not identified], 1968.", "page_number": "P. 47, Pl. III (Cat. 6).", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n50"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 26", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n48"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 30", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n50"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 14", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n29"}, {"citation": "Bol, Peter, Carola Reinsberg, Renate Bol, D. Kreikenbom, Hans-Ulrich Cain, Heike Richter, and Britta O\u0308zen-Kleine. Plastik der ro\u0308mischen Kaiserzeit vom Regierungsantritt des Antoninus Pius bis zum Ende der Antike. Worms : Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft mbh, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentoned: p. 110, 141-142 and 172; Reproduced: Abb. 188 (bd.2)", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1925.945", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_web.jpg", "width": "830", "height": "893", "filesize": "382569", "filename": "1925.945_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_print.jpg", "width": "3159", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5203387", "filename": "1925.945_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_full.tif", "width": "4477", "height": "4819", "filesize": "64755100", "filename": "1925.945_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "933", "height": "893", "filesize": "421755"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3255", "filesize": "5365436"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5100", "height": "4882", "filesize": "74726024"}, "date_created": "2009-03-19T12:24:11", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "967", "height": "893", "filesize": "461348"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3140", "filesize": "5577427"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4819", "height": "4450", "filesize": "64364872"}, "date_created": "2009-03-18T19:21:50", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "1026", "height": "893", "filesize": "473980"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2958", "filesize": "5109037"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1925.945/1925.945_alt2_full.tif", "width": "5217", "height": "4539", "filesize": "71070720"}, "date_created": "2009-03-18T19:32:06", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Gift of J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 108314, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1925-10-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 200, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 238 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:48:08.427000"}, {"id": 112041, "accession_number": "1930.522", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Relief of Apollo with Nike, 27 BCE\u201314 CE. Italy, Roman, Augustan period. Greek marble; overall: 41.6 x 46.4 cm (16 3/8 x 18 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1930.522", "current_location": "103 Roman", "title": "Relief of Apollo with Nike", "creation_date": "27 BCE\u201314 CE", "creation_date_earliest": -27, "creation_date_latest": 14, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Italy, Roman, Augustan period"], "technique": "Greek marble", "support_materials": [], "department": "Greek and Roman Art", "collection": "GR - Roman", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 41.6 x 46.4 cm (16 3/8 x 18 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.416, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.375, "width": 0.464, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 302205, "title": "Art and Humanism in the Renaissance", "description": "<i>Art and Humanism in the Renaissance</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 23-February 25, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-01-23T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310042, "title": "Images of the Mind", "description": "<i>Images of the Mind</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 7-August 30, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-07-07T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1930\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["2209.1930"], "did_you_know": "Between the figures is a draped egg-shaped stone known as an omphalos, the metaphorical center of the world.", "description": "This is a typical example of Neo-Attic work, a school that revived the Archaic style of the late sixth century BC. The elongated figures and mannered gestures are typical of this school.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60740953"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1930.522-relief-of-apollo-wit"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Art News</em> XXIX, No. 8 (November 22, 1930): 8.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bieber, Margarete. \u201cRoman Sculpture in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>Art in America</em> 32, 2 (April 1944): 66\u201368.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 66\u201368, Reproduced: fig. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n49"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 25", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n47"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 29", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n49"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Images of the Mind.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1987.", "page_number": "Reproduced: [p. 17]", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1991.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 12", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1991/page/n27"}, {"citation": "Di Franco, Luca.<em> I rilievi \"neoattici\" della Campania: produzione e circolazione degli ornamenta marmorei a soggetto mitologico</em>. Roma : \"L\u2019Erma\" di Bretschneider, 2017.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31, fig. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Castaldo, Daniela. \"Musical Themes and Private Art in the Augustan Age\", <em>Greek and Roman Musical Studies 6</em>, 1 (2018): 96-114", "page_number": "Mentioned p.99, Reproduced p. 100, Fig. 3", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1163/22129758-12341314"}, {"citation": "Starac, Alka. \"The Archaized Relief from the Archaeological Museum of Istria in Pula and the Influence of Octavian's Actium Monument.\" <em>Diadora : glasilo Arheolo\u0161kog muzeja u Zadru,</em> Vol. 32. No. 32.(2018):89-104.", "page_number": "Mentioned p. 96", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Laferriere, Carolyn M. \"Seeing the Past: Neo-Attic Reliefs as Sites of Temporal and Spatial Contact.\" In <em>Relief in Greek, Roman, and Late Antique Art, </em>Ja\u015b Elsner, Milette Gaifman, and Nathaniel B. Jones, eds., 199-231. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2025.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 209-210, fig. 6.3", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1930.522", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.522/1930.522_web.jpg", "width": "1022", "height": "893", "filesize": "650164", "filename": "1930.522_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.522/1930.522_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2972", "filesize": "7261347", "filename": "1930.522_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.522/1930.522_full.tif", "width": "5127", "height": "4482", "filesize": "68969824", "filename": "1930.522_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.522/1930.522_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "984", "height": "893", "filesize": "688442"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.522/1930.522_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "3085", "filesize": "7867993"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.522/1930.522_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5093", "height": "4621", "filesize": "70637572"}, "date_created": "2009-04-27T18:45:54", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.522/1930.522_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "1012", "height": "893", "filesize": "743310"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.522/1930.522_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "1740", "height": "1536", "filesize": "2187375"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1930.522/1930.522_alt1_full.tif", "width": "1740", "height": "1536", "filesize": "8021172"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "David and Inez Myers Foundation Gallery", "athena_id": 112041, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1930-10-27T00:00:00", "sortable_date": -27, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "27 BCE\u201314 CE", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:55:26.417000"}, {"id": 130646, "accession_number": "1953.363", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Ewer, c. 1540\u201367. Saint-Porchaire (French). Lead-glazed, white-paste earthenware with inlaid slip decoration; overall: 35.6 x 13.7 cm (14 x 5 3/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1953.363", "current_location": "114 Late Northern Renaissance", "title": "Ewer", "creation_date": "c. 1540\u201367", "creation_date_earliest": 1540, "creation_date_latest": 1567, "artists_tags": ["gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, 16th century"], "technique": "lead-glazed, white-paste earthenware with inlaid slip decoration", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 35.6 x 13.7 cm (14 x 5 3/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.356, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.137, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 310061, "title": "Renaissance Splendor: Catherine de\u2019 Medici\u2019s Valois Tapestries", "description": "<i>Renaissance Splendor: Catherine de\u2019 Medici\u2019s Valois Tapestries</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 18, 2018-January 21, 2019).", "opening_date": "2018-11-18T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Lionel de Rothschild.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}, {"description": "Edmund de Rothschild, London. (Rosenberg & Stiebel, Inc., 1953).", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The green tree frog was one of the symbols of French King Henri II, indicating that this ewer may have either been made for the king or one of his courtiers.", "description": "An example of one of the most extravagant wares of this kind, this ewer is decorated with applied masks and frogs as well as a variety of stamped and inlaid designs. The shape and patterns reflect the metalwork of the time\u2014the final period of this artistic pottery.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60779279"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1953.363-ewer"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Foote, Helen S. \"Saint-Porchaire Pedestal Dish and Ewer.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 42, no. 2 (February 1955): 23-27. <br>Published as: <em>Saint-Porchaire Ewer.</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 23-7; reproduced: p. 25", "url": "www.jstor.org/stable/25142014"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n126"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 102", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n126"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 119", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n139"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. T<em>he World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 50, fig. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crepin-Leblond, Thierry. <em> Une orfe\u0301vrerie de terre: Bernard Palissy et la ce\u0301ramique de Saint-Porchaire. </em>Paris: R\u00e9union des mus\u00e9es nationaux, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 19, fig. 1", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=37784570"}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley.<em> Knockouts: A Pocket Guide.</em> Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp.34-5, no. 30; listed p. 117", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=50820863"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E., and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned& reproduced: p. 131", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}, {"citation": "Cleland, Elizabeth A. H. and Marjorie E. Wieseman. <em>Renaissance Splendor: Catherine De' Medici's Valois Tapestries. </em>Cleveland, OH; New Haven, CT: Cleveland Museum of Art; Yale University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 27, fig. 21", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=1062361479"}, {"citation": "Gruber, Alain. \"Entrelacs.\" In <em> L'Art de\u0301coratif en Europe</em>. Bruno Pons and Alain Gruber, 21-112. Paris: Citadelles &amp; Mazenod,, 1992.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 100", "url": null}, {"citation": "Darras, Gaelle. \"Une aigui\u00e8re de Saint-Porchaire,\"<em> L'Objet d'Art,</em> no. 426 (July-August 2007).", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 22, fig. 1", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=item-global-exp&doc_number=000044920&item_sequence=000980&sub_library=CMA"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1953.363", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.363/1953.363_web.jpg", "width": "599", "height": "900", "filesize": "127604", "filename": "1953.363_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.363/1953.363_print.jpg", "width": "2264", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1242405", "filename": "1953.363_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1953.363/1953.363_full.tif", "width": "7614", "height": "11436", "filesize": "261248560", "filename": 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H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 130646, "creators": [{"id": 38995, "description": "Saint-Porchaire (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A French factory certainly active before 1542 and the probable source of a highly individual type of lead-glazed earthenware. These pieces are decorative objects of finely grained off-white paste with intricate inlaid patterns of strapwork made by impressing the clay with metal punches and filling the cavities with clays of contrasting colors, red, yellow and brown; they are covered with a transparent lead glaze.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1953-08-12T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1540, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1540\u201367", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["St. Porchaire Ewer"], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:45:47.724000"}, {"id": 140439, "accession_number": "1964.370", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Bodhisattva of Wisdom (Manjushri), 1400s. Nepal. Gilt bronze with precious and semiprecious stones, gum tempera, and cold gold; overall: 78.1 x 67.6 cm (30 3/4 x 26 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund, 1964.370", "current_location": "237 Himalayan", "title": "Bodhisattva of Wisdom (Manjushri)", "creation_date": "1400s", "creation_date_earliest": 1400, "creation_date_latest": 1499, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Nepal"], "technique": "Gilt bronze with precious and semiprecious stones, gum tempera, and cold gold", "support_materials": [], "department": "Indian and Southeast Asian Art", "collection": "Nepalese Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 78.1 x 67.6 cm (30 3/4 x 26 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.781, "height_inch": 30, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.676, "width_inch": 26, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300917, "title": "Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions", "description": "<i>Golden Anniversary of Acquisitions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10-October 16, 1966).", "opening_date": "1966-09-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 214036, "title": "Asian Journeys: Collecting Art in Post-war America", "description": "<i>Asian Journeys: Collecting Art in Post-war America</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (February 10-August 9, 2009).", "opening_date": "2009-02-10T00:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "(J.J. Klejman [1906\u20131995], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?\u20131964", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1964\u2013", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The bodhisattva's short breeches are patterned in spiraling floral forms incised into the metal.", "description": "This image depicts one of the main bodhisattvas, beings only one stage away from full enlightenment. Because the historical Buddha was a prince prior to his renunciation and life as a wandering ascetic, bodhisattvas are depicted as royal princes. This example has the sharp features, sweet expression, and crisp details characteristic of images made in Nepal during the 1400s. <br><br>In his upraised right hand Manjushri holds the hilt of a sword that, like wisdom itself, metaphorically cuts through and defeats ignorance. His lower, rear left hand grasps a bow, once probably strung with a wire. Also missing is the arrow that he likely held in his lowered right hand. Arrows were often symbols for mantras, or strings of syllables thought to have the power to focus the mind and work like missiles to destroy negativity and affliction. The gesture of his lowered left hand indicates the transmission of Buddhist teachings. The lotus stem that rises at the left elbows originally held a book of sutras. <br><br>This figure is in the yogic posture of meditation with the big toe flexed in concentration. Yoga is of central importance in tantric Buddhism, because high-level practitioners are able to discipline the body to such an extent that the mind can also be controlled.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60746081"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1964.370-bodhisattva-of-wisdo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 234", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n258"}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisition,\u201d 1966, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr1423"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \u201cGolden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 53, no. 7 (1966): 181\u2013284.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 284, no. 134; Reproduced: p. 258, no. 134", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969..", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 234", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n258"}, {"citation": "Pal, Pratapaditya. <em>Nepal: Where the Gods Are Young</em>. New York: Asia Society, 1975.", "page_number": "no. 22", "url": ""}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 297", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n317"}, {"citation": "Slusser, Mary Shepherd. \u201cSerpents, Sages, and Sorcerers in Cleveland.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 66, no. 2 (February 1979): 67\u201382.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 10, p. 71", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159618"}, {"citation": "Schroeder, Ulrich von. I<em>ndo-Tibetan Bronzes</em>. Hong Kong: Visual Dharma Publications, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 94D, pp. 356\u2013357", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Reedy, Chandra L. <em>Himalayan Bronzes: Technology, Style, and Choices</em>. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1997.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 241, fig. N281", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Be\u0301guin, Gilles.<em> Buddhist Art: An Historical and Cultural Journey</em>. Bangkok: River Books, 2009.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 253, fig. 7", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E. and Leslie Cade. <em>The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art; New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 219", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1964.370", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_web.jpg", "width": "790", "height": "900", "filesize": "166176", "filename": "1964.370_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_print.jpg", "width": "2983", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1457664", "filename": "1964.370_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_full.tif", "width": "4670", "height": "5323", "filesize": "74608052", "filename": "1964.370_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2982", "height": "3400", "filesize": "971499"}, "full": {"url": 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"height": "3400", "filesize": "1381482"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_alt8_full.tif", "width": "4497", "height": "5093", "filesize": "68739852"}, "date_created": "2012-07-10T17:28:13", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_alt9_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "113116"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_alt9_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1120675"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_alt9_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99883088"}, "date_created": "2012-07-10T17:41:43", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_alt10_web.jpg", "width": "674", "height": "900", "filesize": "186370"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_alt10_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1629968"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1964.370/1964.370_alt10_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99888188"}, "date_created": "2012-07-10T17:41:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Leonard C. Hanna Jr. Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 140439, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1964-10-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1400, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1400s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Bodhisattva Manjushri Jananasattva", "Manju\u015bri, Bodhisattva of Wisdom"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:13:08.164000"}, {"id": 142470, "accession_number": "1966.235", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure Group of Love Carried by the Three Graces, c. 1768\u201378. S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756), after a design by Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770). Unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit); overall: 25.4 x 12.8 x 14 cm (10 x 5 1/16 x 5 1/2 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Norweb Collection, 1966.235", "current_location": "216A French and German", "title": "Figure Group of Love Carried by the Three Graces", "creation_date": "c. 1768\u201378", "creation_date_earliest": 1768, "creation_date_latest": 1778, "artists_tags": ["male", "gender unknown"], "culture": ["France, S\u00e8vres"], "technique": "unglazed soft-paste porcelain (biscuit)", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Ceramic", "measurements": "Overall: 25.4 x 12.8 x 14 cm (10 x 5 1/16 x 5 1/2 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.254, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.128, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "depth": 0.14, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "[Incised on top of base]: \"B\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 309564, "title": "The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 20-August 22, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-06-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 282301, "title": "Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Elegance and Intrigue: French Society in 18th-century Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 16-November 6, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-07-16T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "R. Henry Norweb, Cleveland, Ohio.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The design of this figure group appeared among the 38 porcelain figure groups included in a service commissioned for Catherine of Russia in 1779.", "description": "This figure group was likely modeled after the designs of Fran\u00e7ois Boucher, whose designs appeared as figures or paintings on S\u00e8vres porcelain. The scene represented is pulled from classical antiquity; the child wreathed in flowers is a physical manifestation of love and the women who hold him aloft are the three daughters of Zeus, Greek god of the sky.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60780851"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1966.235-figure-group-of-love"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, and Jenifer Neils. <em>The World of Ceramics: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland: The Museum in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1982.", "page_number": "Cat. No. 72, repr. p. 68", "url": null}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, E\u0301mile. <em>Le biscuit de Se\u0300vres au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle</em>. Paris: Goupil, 1909.", "page_number": "Vol. 2, p. 12, pl. 28", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bourgeois, E\u0301mile, and Georges Lechevallier-Chevignard. <em>Le biscuit de Se\u0300vres: recueil des mode\u0300les de la manufacture de Se\u0300vres au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle</em>. Paris: P. Lafitte, 1914.", "page_number": "no. 597, pl. 8", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Re\u0301au, Louis. <em>Etienne-Maurice Falconet</em>. Paris: Demotte, 1922.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 270, Vol. 1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Manufacture nationale de Se\u0300vres. <em>Les oeuvres de la Manufacture nationale de Se\u0300vres</em>. Vol. 1, <em>La Sculpture de 1738 </em>\u00e0<em> 1815</em>. Paris: Ministe\u0300re d'e\u0301tat charge\u0301 des affaires culturelles, 1932.", "page_number": "p. 11, no. 90", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Birjukova, Nina. <em>Figurines et Groupes en Porcelaine des Manufactures Francaises du XVIIIe Sie\u0300cle</em>. Leningrad: Ermitaz\u030c, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 293, no. 40; Reproduced: no. 60", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Schlumberger, Eveline. \"Pourquoi certains collectionneurs reprennent gou\u0302t au biscuit de S\u00e8vres.\" <em>Connaissance des Arts</em> (April 1962).", "page_number": "p. 51, fig. 3", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman, E. \"Golden Anniversary Acquisitions: September 10 through October 16.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>53, no. 7(September 1966): 181-284.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 277, no. 19; Reproduced: P. 227, fig.19", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25152110"}, {"citation": "Berges, Ruth. \"Soft-Paste Biscuit Figures from Vincennes and Se\u0300vres.\" <em>Connoisseur</em>, vol. 166, no. 669 (November 1967).", "page_number": "p. 194", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Dal Carlo, Elisabetta. <em>Le porcellane dell'ambasciatore</em>. Venezia: Arsenale, 1998.", "page_number": "p. 160-61", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Birioukova, Nina, and Natalia Kazakevitch. <em>Sevrskii\u0306 farfor XVIII veka: katalog kollektsii.</em> Saint Petersburg: Izdatel\u0301stvo Gosudarstvennogo\u0306 E\u0307rmitazha, 2005.", "page_number": "p. 426-47, no. 1319", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1966.235", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.235/1966.235_web.jpg", "width": "684", "height": "893", "filesize": "254302", "filename": "1966.235_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.235/1966.235_print.jpg", "width": "2606", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3563040", "filename": "1966.235_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.235/1966.235_full.tif", "width": "3747", "height": "4888", "filesize": "54977664", "filename": "1966.235_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.235/1966.235_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "676", "height": "893", "filesize": "255448"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.235/1966.235_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2573", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3533202"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1966.235/1966.235_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3672", "height": "4852", "filesize": "53481516"}, "date_created": "2007-08-10T20:13:02", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Norweb Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 142470, "creators": [{"id": 11883, "description": "S\u00e8vres Porcelain Factory (French, est. 1756)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "manufacturer", "biography": "French national ceramic factory.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 1888, "description": "Fran\u00e7ois Boucher (French, 1703\u20131770)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "after a design by", "role": "artist", "biography": "French Rococo artist who epitomizes the frivolous and elegant court life of France in the mid-18th century. During his early career he was closely associated with Watteau, many of whose paintings he engraved. Boucher was a successful and incredibly prolific artistic who had a major impact on both fine and decorative art of the 18th century. He is particularly noted for having reinvented the genre of the pastoral, creating images of shepherds and shepherdesses as sentimental lovers that was taken up in a variety of medium. Boucher's sketchy manner of painting helped to promote painterliness as an end in itself. This trend dominated French painting until the emergence of Neoclassicism, when the tides of criticism turned against Boucher and his followers.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1703", "death_year": "1770", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1966-05-25T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1768, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1768\u201378", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Cupid Carried by the Graces", "FIgure Group of Love Carrying the Three Graces or the Three Graces Carrying Love (L'amour portant les trois gr\u00e2ces, or Les trois gr\u00e2ces portant l'amour)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:18:45.180000"}, {"id": 174043, "accession_number": "1972.905", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "A Builder of Boats, c. 1904. John George Brown (American, born England, 1831\u20131913). Oil on canvas; framed: 98 x 120 x 11 cm (38 9/16 x 47 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.); unframed: 80 x 101.6 cm (31 1/2 x 40 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection, 1972.905", "current_location": "207 American Realism", "title": "A Builder of Boats", "creation_date": "c. 1904", "creation_date_earliest": 1889, "creation_date_latest": 1909, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America, late 19th-early 20th Century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "American Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "American - Painting", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 98 x 120 x 11 cm (38 9/16 x 47 1/4 x 4 5/16 in.); Unframed: 80 x 101.6 cm (31 1/2 x 40 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 0.98, "height_inch": 38, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 1.2, "width_inch": 47, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25, "depth": 0.11, "depth_inch": 4, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.3125}, "unframed": {"height": 0.8, "height_inch": 31, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.016, "width_inch": 40, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed lower right:  J.G. Brown N.A.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "CMA 1973: \"Year in Review for 1972,\" Bulletin, LX (March, 1973), p. 82, no. 115.", "opening_date": "1973-03-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Atlanta, High Museum of Art, April 2 - July 31, 1994: \"John George Brown: The Dignity of Years\".", "opening_date": "1994-04-02T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972-", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": ["905.1972"], "did_you_know": "The object held in the sitter\u2019s right hand is a drawing compass.", "description": "Brown's preference for rural subjects in a time when the United States was undergoing rapid industrialization suggests nostalgia for the past. Indeed, <em>A Builder of Boats,</em> an image of an elderly craftsman working alone with hand tools in a tranquil setting replete with his sleeping dog, offered its contemporary audience a distinct alternative to mechanized factory production.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117230297"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1972.905-boat-builder"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "American Federation of Arts. <em>American Art Annual</em>. Florence N. Levy, ed. volume XI. Boston: Noyes, Platt &amp; Co, 1914.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 479", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art. \"A Check List: American Paintings and Water Colors of the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Early Twentieth Centuries in The Cleveland Museum of Art.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 60:1 (January, 1973). pp. 1-36.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1972.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 60:3 (March, 1973). pp. 63-115.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 82, fig. 115; Mentioned: p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "\"Recent Accessions of American and Canadian Museums, July-September, 1972.\" <em>The Art Quarterly</em>. 36 (Spring/Summer, 1973).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 114", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lurie, Ann Tzeutschler and William S. \"Annual Report for 1972.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. 60:6 (June, 1973). pp. 171-205.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 178", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 231", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n250"}, {"citation": "Rice, Pierce, \"J. G. Brown, The Bootblack Raphael.\" <em>American Art &amp; Antiques</em>. 2:3 (May/June, 1979).", "page_number": "Reproduced", "url": null}, {"citation": "Placidi, Kathleen S. \u201cBeyond Bootblacks: \u2018The Boat Builder\u2019 and the Art of John George Brown.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 10 (December 1990): 366\u2013382.<br>Published as: <em>The Boat Builder</em>", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 366-368; Reproduced: p. 367, fig. 2", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161306"}, {"citation": "Chong, Alan. <em>European &amp; American Painting in the Cleveland Museum of Art: A Summary Catalogue</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1993.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 24", "url": null}, {"citation": "Truettner, William H., and Roger B. Stein. <em>Picturing Old New England: Image and Memory</em>. Washington, D.C.: National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution; New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 154, fig. 172", "url": null}, {"citation": "Hoppin, Martha J. <em>The World of J.G. Brown</em>. Chesterfield, MA: Chameleon Books, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned pp. 221, 223, and 242, notes 60 and 61; reproduced p. 222.", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1972.905", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.905/1972.905_web.jpg", "width": "1146", "height": "893", "filesize": "678727", "filename": "1972.905_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.905/1972.905_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2650", "filesize": "5258937", "filename": "1972.905_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1972.905/1972.905_full.tif", "width": "4698", "height": "3663", "filesize": "51662528", "filename": "1972.905_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Hinman B. Hurlbut Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "The Payne Fund Gallery", "athena_id": 174043, "creators": [{"id": 6490, "description": "John George Brown (American, born England, 1831\u20131913)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1831", "death_year": "1913", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1972-07-31T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1889, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1904", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:51:20.626000"}, {"id": 151257, "accession_number": "1983.14", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "View of the Gulf of Pozzuoli from Solfatara, 1803. Philipp Hackert (German, 1737\u20131807). Oil on canvas; framed: 146 x 190 x 14 cm (57 1/2 x 74 13/16 x 5 1/2 in.); unframed: 119 x 166.5 cm (46 7/8 x 65 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 1983.14", "current_location": "201 French Neoclassical Painting & Sculpture", "title": "View of the Gulf of Pozzuoli from Solfatara", "creation_date": "1803", "creation_date_earliest": 1803, "creation_date_latest": 1803, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Germany, 19th century"], "technique": "oil on canvas", "support_materials": [], "department": "Modern European Painting and Sculpture", "collection": "Mod Euro - Painting 1800-1960", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Framed: 146 x 190 x 14 cm (57 1/2 x 74 13/16 x 5 1/2 in.); Unframed: 119 x 166.5 cm (46 7/8 x 65 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"framed": {"height": 1.46, "height_inch": 57, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 1.9, "width_inch": 74, "width_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "depth": 0.14, "depth_inch": 5, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.5}, "unframed": {"height": 1.19, "height_inch": 46, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 1.665, "width_inch": 65, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Inscribed and signed bottom edge to left of center in brown paint: Vue prise sur la Solfatare a Pozzoule, / peint par Philippe Hackert 1803.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "Berlin, K\u00f6nigliche Akademie der Bildenden K\u00fcnste. Akademie-Ausstellung (1808), no. 66, Ansicht der Solfatara zu Puzzuoli gegen das Vorgebirge Misenum, Baja, Ischia, Procida, u. s. w.", "opening_date": null}, {"description": "Munich, Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald. Drei Jahrhunderte Deutsche Malerei (1982), no. 4 (repr.).", "opening_date": "1982-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Artist\u2019s estate, by descent to Johann Christian Behrendt", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->After Hackert's death in 1807, a catalogue of the works of art of his estate was compiled: <em>Catalogue des Tableaux\u2026fait par le d\u00e9funt Paysagiste Philippe Hackert</em>.</div>"], "date": "1803-1807", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Johann Christian Behrendt [1765-1838], Berlin", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Behrendt was married to the artist\u2019s sister Wilhelmina.&nbsp; The painting may have passed down through Behrendt\u2019s family: a Hackert painting that was sold at Christie\u2019s, Amsterdam on May 7, 2013 was inherited by Behrendt after Hackert\u2019s death, and then passed to Behrendt\u2019s descendants. &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1807-", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Sotheby's (Firm). Important Old Master Paintings.  Dec. 9, 1981.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "Until 1981", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Sale, Sotheby's, London, Dec. 9, 1981 (lot 36), sold to Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1981", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald, Munich, and David Carritt, London, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->According to T.S. Bathurst of David Carritt, Ltd., his firm and Galerie Gr\u00fcnwald were co-partners in the sale of the Hackert painting to CMA.&nbsp; &nbsp;</div>"], "date": "1981-1983", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "While in Naples, the German writer Johann Wolfgang von Goethe took painting lessons from Philipp Hackert; their meetings were documented in Goethe's travelogue <em>Italienische Reise</em> (Italian Journey).", "description": "Attracted to its dramatic vistas, volcanoes, exotic peasants, and classical ruins, landscape painters of the 1700s and 1800s flocked to the countryside around Naples. This view looks west toward the Gulf of Pozzuoli from just above the Solfatara, an area of volcanic steam vents. The ancient town of Pozzuoli, where the apostle Paul landed on his way to Rome, lies in the distance. Hackert's attention to detail and rendering of form with extreme lucidity is characteristic of German Romantic painting.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60475162"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1983.14-view-of-the-gulf-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Galerie Gru\u0308nwald (Munich, Germany). <em>Drei jahrhunderte Deutsche Malerei: 8. Oktober bis 30. November 1982</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Galerie Gru\u0308nwald, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "T.S. Bathurst, letter to Sherman Lee, Feb. 10, 1983, in CMA curatorial file.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Important Old Master Paintings</em>.  Dec. 9, 1981.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Sotheby's (Firm). <em>Important Old Master Paintings</em>.  Dec. 9, 1981.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lohse, Bruno. <em>Jakob Phillipp Hackert; Leben und Anfange seiner Kunst</em>. Emsdetten, Westf: H. &amp; J. Lechte, 1936.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Galerie Gru\u0308nwald (Munich, Germany). <em>Drei jahrhunderte Deutsche Malerei: 8. Oktober bis 30. November 1982</em>. Mu\u0308nchen: Galerie Gru\u0308nwald, 1982.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Lohse, Bruno. <em>Jakob Phillipp Hackert; Leben und Anfange seiner Kunst</em>. Emsdetten, Westf: H. &amp; J. Lechte, 1936.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "Turner, Evan H. \u201cYear in Review for 1983.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 71, no. 2 (February 1984): 38\u201379.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, no. 17; Reproduced: Back cover", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159848"}, {"citation": "Kr\u00f6nig, Wolfgang. \u201cJacob Philipp Hackert: View from the Solfatara onto the Gulf of Pozzuoli.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 73, no. 1 (January 1986): 14\u201323.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 18-19, fig. 1", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159927"}, {"citation": "Argencourt, Louise d', and Roger Diederen. <em>Catalogue of Paintings</em>. <em>Pt. 4. European Paintings of the 19th Century</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1974.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: P. 346-349, Vol. II, no. 121", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Curzi, Valter. <em>Storie Dell\u2019arte : Opere E Metodi</em>. Milano: Skira, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 94; reproduced: p. XLI, fig. 98", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1983.14", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.14/1983.14_web.jpg", "width": "1261", "height": "893", "filesize": "955936", "filename": "1983.14_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.14/1983.14_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1450", "filesize": "2521365", "filename": "1983.14_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.14/1983.14_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1450", "filesize": "8911884", "filename": "1983.14_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.14/1983.14_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1254", "height": "893", "filesize": "865518"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.14/1983.14_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2421", "filesize": "6288805"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1983.14/1983.14_alt0_full.tif", "width": "5942", "height": "4231", "filesize": "75460864"}, "date_created": "2008-10-29T19:20:48", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Sarah S. and Alexander M. Cutler Gallery", "athena_id": 151257, "creators": [{"id": 2962, "description": "Philipp Hackert (German, 1737\u20131807)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "After having been given a basic artistic education by his father and uncle, who were both painters, Jakob Philipp Hackert attended the drawing classes of Blaise Nicholas le Sueur (1716-1783), the director of the Berlin Academy, in 1758. With an early interest in landscape painting, Hackert began copying the works of Claude Lorrain (1600-1682) and Dutch seventeenth-century artists. He traveled in northern Germany where he received commissions for decorative cycles in Stralsund and R\u00fcgen, and in 1764 he visited Sweden. From 1765 until 1768 Hackert lived in Paris, where he met landscape and marine painter Joseph Vernet (1714-1789) and eventually invited his brother Johann Gottlieb Hackert (1744-1773), also a landscape painter, to join him. In Paris Jakob Philipp's popular paintings, gouaches, and drawings were already being reproduced in print form. In 1768 the Hackert brothers left for Rome, which would remain their main residence until 1786, although they made countless trips in search of different types of landscape. In 1770 they visited Naples, a city that, with its natural and cultural treasures, was an important destination for any traveler to Italy. In 1771 Hackert received an important commission from Catherine II of Russia to paint a series of canvases depicting Russia's sea victory over Turkey, and this truly established his reputation. One year later his brother traveled to London in order to bring commissioned paintings to British clients; he became ill, however, and died in Bath. Jakob Philipp called his other brother, Georg Hackert (1755-1805), to Rome in order for him to engrave his paintings. Hackert's work found many prominent buyers, and he turned down an offer to become court painter in Russia. In 1782 he traveled to Naples again and was introduced to King Ferdinand IV, who commissioned several works. Four years later Hackert became his court painter. In 1787 he met several times with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) during the latter's stay in Naples; Goethe recorded their meetings in his Italienische Reise (Italian Journey, 1816-17). Goethe admired his works, and it was he who eventually urged Hackert to write his autobiog-raphy, which Goethe adapted and published after Hackert's death. Political unrest caused the royal family to seek refuge in Palermo in 1798, and the arrival of French troops in Naples one year later forced Hackert to leave the city and his comfortable existence at court. After a year in Pisa, Hackert and his brother settled in Florence in 1800. Three years later Hackert bought a nearby estate in San Pietro di Careggi, where he worked and made careful studies of rocks, trees, and plants, which he regarded as the basis of his landscapes. Among a few other works Hackert wrote one short treatise on the use of varnish, Sull'uso della vernice nella pittura (1788), and one on landscape painting, Theoretisch-praktische Anleitung zum richtigen und geschmackvollen Landschafts-Zeichnen nach der Natur (n.d.).", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1737", "death_year": "1807", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1983-03-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1803, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1803", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-06-11 12:17:40.101000"}, {"id": 160089, "accession_number": "1997.58", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Fire Screen, c. 1878\u201380. Firm of Herter Brothers (American). Gilded wood, painted and gilded wood panels, brocaded silk, embossed paper; overall: 131.8 x 76.2 x 58.3 cm (51 7/8 x 30 x 22 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1997.58", "current_location": null, "title": "Fire Screen", "creation_date": "c. 1878\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1878, "creation_date_latest": 1880, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "gilded wood, painted and gilded wood panels, brocaded silk, embossed paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Furniture", "type": "Furniture and woodwork", "measurements": "Overall: 131.8 x 76.2 x 58.3 cm (51 7/8 x 30 x 22 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 1.318, "height_inch": 51, "height_inch_fraction": 0.875, "width": 0.762, "width_inch": 30, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.583, "depth_inch": 22, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [], "legacy": [{"description": "No existing exhibition history.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Produced by the New York decorating firm Herter Brothers, this screen would have been used to shield sitters from the heat of a fireplace.", "description": "During the 1870s the New York firm of Herter Brothers produced some of the most sophisticated and technically refined furniture made anywhere in the world at that date. Although the firm is known to have made a considerable quantity of gilded furniture, this fire screen is one of only a few examples to survive in good condition. The painted and gilded embossed panel of birds and flowers was likely made in Japan.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79980739"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1997.58-fire-screen"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, \u201cMuseum Acquires Major Chuck Close Painting, 19th-century Fire Screen, Rare Prints &amp; Drawings,\u201d June 9, 1997, Cleveland Museum of Art Archives.", "page_number": null, "url": "https://archive.org/details/cmapr4136"}, {"citation": "Hawley, Henry H., \"A Herter Brothers Firescreen\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 38 no. 03, March 1998", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 8-9", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM1998-03/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Howe, Katherine S., \"Herter Brother's Furniture,\" <em>FMR</em> (April 1998).", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 118-9", "url": null}, {"citation": "May, Sally Ruth, Jane Takac, and Barbara J. Bradley. <em>Knockouts: A Pocket Guide</em>. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 49-50, no. 49; listed: p. 117", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=50820863"}, {"citation": "Cunningham, Michael. \"Discovering Japanese Screens.\" <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em> 41, no. 6 (Summer 2001: 4-5.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2001-06/page/n3/mode/2up"}, {"citation": "Donley, Gregory M., \"Forward Thinking\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 42 no. 10, December 2002", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 4-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2002-10/page/n3"}, {"citation": "Berliner, Nancy Zeng, and Edward S. Cooke. I<em>nspired by China: Contemporary Furnituremakers Explore Chinese Traditions</em>. Salem: Peabody Essex Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 49, fig. 10", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=75958409"}, {"citation": "Pin\u0303a, Leslie A. <em>Furniture in History, 3000 B.C.-2000 A.D. </em>Boston: Prentice Hall, 2010.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 23", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=268788668"}, {"citation": "Franklin, David, and C. Griffith Mann.<em> Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with, New York, NY: Scala Publishers, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: pp. 270-1", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=813973055"}, {"citation": "Bidwell, Frederick E. and Leslie Cade.<em> The CMA Companion: A Guide to the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with New York, NY: Scala Arts Publishers, 2014.", "page_number": "Mentioned & reproduced: p. 142", "url": "http://library.clevelandart.org/opac/?func=find-b&find_code=OCL&submit=Search&request=857403600"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1997.58", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.58/1997.58_web.jpg", "width": "616", "height": "893", "filesize": "387919", "filename": "1997.58_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.58/1997.58_print.jpg", "width": "2346", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5246686", "filename": "1997.58_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.58/1997.58_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": "", "filename": "1997.58_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.58/1997.58_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "621", "height": "893", "filesize": "337249"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.58/1997.58_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2366", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5149136"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1997.58/1997.58_alt0_full.tif", "width": "", "height": "", "filesize": ""}, "date_created": "2007-11-30T19:06:01", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "The Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160089, "creators": [{"id": 5819, "description": "Herter Brothers (American)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "firm of", "role": "artist", "biography": "Christian Herter (1840-83). Born in Stuttgart. He studied at the \u00c9cole des Beaux Arts in Paris before joining his elder half-brother Gustave (1830-98) in New York in 1860. Gustave had been there since 1848 and had worked for Tiffany before founding his own furniture and decorations firm in 1857. In 1864 Christian returned to Paris to study under Pierre-Victor Gallard (1822-92) and in the early 1870s he was in England. Herter Brothers became a leading New York furniture and decorating business in the 1870s and 1880s, being one of the first to abandon the usual run of historical styles and produce pieces rather similar to those made contemporaneously in England, with a discreet use of oriental motifs. Marquetry furniture like that made for the railroad magnate Jay Gould in 1877-82 or the luxurious gilt and inlaid furniture made for the William H. Vanderbuilt House, NY, c. 1882 is typical of the more extravagant type of aesthetic movement in the US. He employed a large staff of craftsmen and designers, the latter including the architect Charles B. Atwood (1849-95). The firm survived until 1906.", "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1997-06-02T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1878, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1878\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": true, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:18:35.374000"}, {"id": 163924, "accession_number": "2005.3", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Figure (iginga), probably 1800s. Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lega-style maker. Elephant ivory, tukula, and oil; overall: 16.7 x 5.5 x 4.5 cm (6 9/16 x 2 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 2005.3", "current_location": null, "title": "Figure (iginga)", "creation_date": "probably 1800s", "creation_date_earliest": 1800, "creation_date_latest": 1899, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["Africa, Central Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lega-style maker"], "technique": "Elephant ivory, tukula, and oil", "support_materials": [], "department": "African Art", "collection": "African Art", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "Overall: 16.7 x 5.5 x 4.5 cm (6 9/16 x 2 3/16 x 1 3/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.167, "height_inch": 6, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5625, "width": 0.055, "width_inch": 2, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "depth": 0.045, "depth_inch": 1, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 412365, "title": "The Language of Beauty in African Art", "description": "<i>The Language of Beauty in African Art</i>. Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, TX (April 3-July 31, 2022) https://kimbellart.org/exhibition/language-beauty-african-art; The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL (organizer) (November 20, 2022-February 27, 2023) https://www.artic.edu/exhibitions/9344/the-language-of-beauty-in-african-art.", "opening_date": "2022-04-03T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Charles Ratton, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": [""], "date": "ca. 1950s", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Guy Ladriere, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "no date recorded", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Pierre Dartevelle, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "ca. 1980-1983", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Vranken-Hoet Collection, Brussels, Belgium", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1983-2005", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH by purchase", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2005 to present", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The dark surface (patina) of this sculpture comes from years of handling and the application of oil and a red powder called <em>tukula</em>; it was originally cream-colored!", "description": "The life of Lega men and women is structured around their advancement through the different grades of the Bwami association. Fulfilling political, social, religious, and other roles, the members\u2019 ultimate purpose is the pursuit of wisdom and excellence. Ivory figurines were reserved for members of the two highest Bwami grades, in which the core of the Lega\u2019s moral philosophy is revealed.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60778754"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2005.3-figure-iginga"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Rachewiltz, Boris de. <em>Arte Africana. </em>[Rome]: [Istituto Grafico Tiberino], 1967.", "page_number": "14-15", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Debbaut, Jan, Dominique Favart, and G. van Geertruyen. <em>Utotombo: l'art d'Afrique noire dans les collections prive\u0301es belges : Socie\u0301te\u0301 des Expositions du Palais des Beaux-Arts, Bruxelles, 25 mars-5 juin 1988</em>. Bruxelles: Palais des beaux-arts, 1988.", "page_number": "243, cat. 246", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cornet, Joseph, Angelo Turconi, and Mobutu Sese Seko. <em>Zaire: peuples/art/culture. Anvers: Fonds Mercator</em>, 1989.", "page_number": "120.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Biebuyck, Daniel P., and Michel Boulanger.<em> Ethique et beaute\u0301 Lega au c\u0153ur de l'Afrique</em>. Bruxelles: Snoeck-Ducaju, 2002.", "page_number": "152, cat. 91", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art.<em> Annual Report.</em> Cleveland, Ohio: The Museum, 2006.", "page_number": "22, 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"Good and Beautiful.\" <em>Cleveland Museum of Art Member's Magazine</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art, September 2006.", "page_number": "7-11", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2006-07"}, {"citation": "Petridis, Constantine. \"New Acquisitions of African Art at the Cleveland Museum of Art\". <em>African Arts</em>. (44) No. 1, Spring 2011.", "page_number": "53; 56, Fig. 4.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, David Franklin, and C. Griffith Mann<em>. Treasures from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2012.", "page_number": "240-1", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Felix, Marc Leo. <em>White gold, black hands: ivory sculpture in Congo</em>. Qiquhar, Heilungkiang, China: Gemini Sun, Volume 6, June 2013.", "page_number": "Fig. 27a & b, p. 190-191, 242", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Rondeau, James, Constantijn Petridis, Yae\u0308lle Biro, Herbert M. Cole, Kassim Kone, Babatunde Lawal, Wilfried Van Damme, and Susan Mullin Vogel. <em>The language of beauty in African art. </em>2022.", "page_number": "", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2005.3", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_web.jpg", "width": "602", "height": "893", "filesize": "253903", "filename": "2005.3_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_print.jpg", "width": "2292", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3208680", "filename": "2005.3_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_full.tif", "width": "3277", "height": "4862", "filesize": "47827224", "filename": "2005.3_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "574", "height": "893", "filesize": "243498"}, "print": {"url": 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"https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_alt8_print.jpg", "width": "2142", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2932587"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_alt8_full.tif", "width": "3150", "height": "5000", "filesize": "47268792"}, "date_created": "2005-03-02T20:46:44", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_alt9_web.jpg", "width": "519", "height": "893", "filesize": "214217"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_alt9_print.jpg", "width": "1975", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2957895"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2005.3/2005.3_alt9_full.tif", "width": "2905", "height": "5000", "filesize": "43593980"}, "date_created": "2005-03-02T21:07:05", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 163924, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2005-02-28T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1800, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "probably 1800s", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:31:32.327000"}, {"id": 144896, "accession_number": "1970.112", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "Three-Way Piece No. 2: Archer, 1964. Henry Moore (British, 1898\u20131986). Bronze; with base: 88.9 x 55.9 x 88.9 cm (35 x 22 x 35 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Anonymous Gift, 1970.112. \u00a9 2010 The Henry Moore Foundation. All Rights Reserved / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York\r\n", "current_location": "AAE Art All\u00e9e East", "title": "Three-Way Piece No. 2: Archer", "creation_date": "1964", "creation_date_earliest": 1964, "creation_date_latest": 1964, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["England, 20th century"], "technique": "bronze", "support_materials": [], "department": "Contemporary Art", "collection": "CONTEMP - Sculpture", "type": "Sculpture", "measurements": "with base: 88.9 x 55.9 x 88.9 cm (35 x 22 x 35 in.)", "dimensions": {"with base": {"height": 0.889, "height_inch": 35, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.559, "width_inch": 22, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0, "depth": 0.889, "depth_inch": 35, "depth_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": "\u00a9 2010 The Henry Moore Foundation. All Rights Reserved / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York\r\n", "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Signed: \"Moore\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301391, "title": "Year in Review: 1970", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1970</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 10-March 7, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-02-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 445313, "title": "Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Albrecht Saalfield", "description": "<i>Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Albrecht Saalfield</i>. Mansfield Art Center, Mansfield, OH (organizer) (April 3-25, 1971).", "opening_date": "1971-04-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Beijing World Art Museum (May 26-August 27, 2006); Mori Art Center (September 16-November 26, 2006); Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007); Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, Canada (June 9-September 16, 2007); The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 2007-January 13, 2008); Frist Art Museum, Nashville, TN (February 15-June 1, 2008); Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT (June 22-September 21, 2008); The Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, MI (October 12, 2008-January 18, 2009).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Fine Arts Guild, Mansfield, 1971:  \"Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Albrecht Saalfield\"", "opening_date": "1971-01-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA 1971:  \"Year in Review 1970,\" cat., Bulletin LVIII (February 1971), repr. p. 69, no. 118", "opening_date": "1971-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "CMA (organizer). Beijing World Art Museum, China, May 26 - Aug. 27, 2006; Mori Arts Center, Tokyo, Japan: Sept. 9 - Nov. 26, 2006; Seoul Arts Center, Seoul, Korea: Dec. 18, 2006 - March 31, 2007; Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, Seoul, Korea: Apr. 7 - May 20, 2007; Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: June 9 - Sept. 16, 2007; Cleveland Museum of Art, Oct. 21, 2007- January 13, 2008;  Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, TN, Feb. 21-June 1, 2008; Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Salt Lake City, UT, June 22 - September 21, 2008; and the Detroit Institute of Arts, MI, October 12, 2008 - January 18, 2009:  \"Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art\"", "opening_date": "2006-05-26T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1970-", "sortorder": 1}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Two larger casts of this sculpture exist in Toronto, Canada, and Berlin, Germany.", "description": "Considered by many to be the 20th century's greatest figurative sculptor, Henry Moore was also the creator of remarkable abstract works. <em>Three-Way Piece No. 2: Archer</em> does not literally depict an archer; rather it evokes the qualities of vigor, strength, and conflict associated with warriors or hunters. The \"three ways\" of the title may refer to the three main elements of the work. First, a large sweeping curved form suggests a bent bow pulling in one direction. Second, a curved vertical section represents the torso of an archer, which joins the base and leans backward. Finally, a horizontal section protruding from one side is reminiscent of an arm connecting the archer's torso to the bow. Using these abstract elements, Moore created a sculpture that may remind us of ancient images of hunters\u2014from those drawn on cave walls to classical Greek warriors. <em>Three-Way Piece No. 2: Archer</em> captures the energy of the hunt in a thoroughly modern way.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60781067"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1970.112", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Anonymous Gift", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Laura and Alvin A. Siegal All\u00e9e", "athena_id": 144896, "creators": [{"id": 690, "description": "Henry Moore (British, 1898\u20131986)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Henry Moore British, 1898-1986\r\n\r\nBorn in Castleford, Yorkshire, Henry Moore was one of this century's most famous sculptors. Following studies at Leeds College of Art and the Royal College of Art in London, Moore began carving sculpture from stone and wood in the early 1920s. His work was first publicly exhibited in a 1924 group show at London's Redfern Gallery, and the following year he traveled through Europe on a scholarship from the Royal College of Art. Moore was given his first one-artist exhibition at London's Warren Gallery in 1928 and that same year received his first public commission (West Wind, a relief carving in stone for one of the facades of the city's new Underground Railway headquarters). By the early 1930s he had been named head of the new department of sculpture at the Chelsea School of Art in London, and in 1934 the first monograph devoted to his sculpture was published, Henry Moore: Sculpture.\r\n\tDuring the early years of his career, Moore began photographing his sculptures, creating images that generally served as straightforward records of completed pieces or as documents of works in progress. Some were more dramatic, employing an unusual viewpoint or strong, raking light to emphasize a piece's particular texture: stone, wood, lead, or bronze. Moore often worked on his sculpture outdoors, and most of his photographs are set outside as well. Photography sometimes proved a useful tool in helping him decide how a work should be sited (the best height for viewing or its proximity to a grove of trees, for example).\r\n\tOver the years, Moore produced hundreds of photographs, creating a personal document of his long career. A selection of these images was featured in Henry Moore's Photographs of His Sculpture, an exhibition organized by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (1985). The Cleveland Museum of Art also owns three sculptures by Moore. M.M.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1898", "death_year": "1986", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1970-12-18T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1964, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1964", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": "2", "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:50:33.547000"}, {"id": 131673, "accession_number": "1954.263", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Conversation in Autumn (\u8b1b\u79cb\u5716), 1732. Hua Yan (Chinese, 1682\u2013c. 1765). Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper; overall: 218.5 x 71.7 cm (86 x 28 1/4 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1954.263", "current_location": null, "title": "Conversation in Autumn", "title_in_original_language": "\u8b1b\u79cb\u5716", "creation_date": "1732", "creation_date_earliest": 1732, "creation_date_latest": 1732, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Hanging scroll; ink and light color on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Hanging scroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Overall: 218.5 x 71.7 cm (86 x 28 1/4 in.)", "dimensions": {"painting only": {"height": 1.16, "height_inch": 45, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.4, "width_inch": 15, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}, "overall": {"height": 2.185, "height_inch": 86, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.717, "width_inch": 28, "width_inch_fraction": 0.25}, "overall with knobs": {"height": 2.185, "height_inch": 86, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.803, "width_inch": 31, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Artist's inscription, signature, and 2 seals: \n\nOn a winter day in the renzi year [1732], while leisurely sitting in my mountain pavilion, I happened to have imitated the brush style of Yuan masters on the two verses: \"A guest came from the dusty world for a visit; in the small cottage we talked about the sound of autumn.\"\n\nXin luo shan ren \u65b0\u7f85\u5c71\u4eba [seals] Hua Yan \u83ef\u55a6; Qiuyue \u79cb\u5cb3.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "\"The Sound of Autumn\" is the title of a famous rhymed prose by the great Song scholar, Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072).", "sortorder": 1}, {"inscription": "1 colophon and 2 seals of Zhang Tingji \u5f35\u5ef7\u6fdf (1768\u20131848): \n\nOld Hua [Yan], in this painting, was able to evoke the mood of desolation in nature and match the poetry elegantly.  If Fangweng [Lu You \u9678\u6e38 (1125\u20131210)] saw this, he would inscribe the painting with two words \"idyllic world \u8a69\u5883.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"inscription": "\u65b0\u7f85\u5c71\u4eba\u70ba\u543e\u9109\u8001\u8f29\uff0c\u64c5\u9577\u5beb\u751f\u3002\u7f85\u81f4\u7fbd\u65cf\uff0c\u7feb\u5176\u98db\u9cf4\u98f2\u5544\u3002\u6545\u6240\u4f5c\u5225\u6709\u751f\u8da3\u3002\u5c71\u6c34\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u4f5c\u5ba2\u51ac\u5728\u897f\u6ce0\uff0c\u898b\u6240\u767d\u96f2\u677e\u820e\u5716\u3002\u7a7a\u9748\u66e0\u9038\uff0c\u5f97\u672a\u66fe\u6709\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u61b6\u4e4b\u3002\u5179\u5e45\u4ee5\u84bc\u79c0\u52dd\uff0c\u8352\u5bd2\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fa9\u9952\u9038\u8da3\u3002\u5982\u5750\u6211\u9d60\u7063\u3001\u9f8d\u7003\u9593\u77e3\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1825, and 2 seals of Chen Wenshu \u9673\u6587\u8ff0 (1771\u20131842):  \n\nXinluo the Mountain Man was of an older generation in my native place. He is skilled in drawing from life, having encompassed all the feathered creatures and studied their [habits] in flight, calling, drinking and pecking. Consequently, his paintings in this genre are noted for lively exuberance. His landscapes are rarer. When I was a winter visitor in Xileng, I chanced to see his White Clouds over Pine Lodge. In its emptiness, its spiritual essence, its vastness and its untrammeled flavor, it is without peer. Even today, I could remember it distinctly. The painting here is known for its aged elegance. In the chilling wilderness, it is fraught with an untrammeled spirit. [With these two paintings,] it is as if I were sitting between the Snowgoose Bay and the Dragon Pool. \n\nMy good nephew P'iao-sheng obtained the painting from Yufeng and showed it to me.  So I write a few lines here to commemorate this \"ink-relationship.\" In the yiyou year of Daoguang [1825], at the end of the autumn, the lay-Buddhist Yi dao ju shi, Wenshu wrote this at the cottage of Xiang shan hua yin (Meditation in Fragrance and Reclusion among Flowers).", "inscription_remark": "The catalogue Silent Poetry only gives a transcription of the first part of the inscription.", "sortorder": 3}, {"inscription": "1 colophon and 1 seal of Zhu Angzhi \u6731\u6602\u4e4b (1764\u20131841): \n \nThe highest achievement in the art of painting is to penetrate deeply into the chamber of old masters, but at the same time transcend the bounds of conventional rules. This painting of Xinluo is derived from [the style of] Baishi (Shen Zhou \u6c88\u5468, 1427\u20131509) and Baoshan (Lu Zhi \u9678\u6cbb, 1496\u20131576) with splashed-ink technique of Wang Qia \u738b\u6d3d (Wang Mo \u738b\u9ed8, ?\u2013805), in addition to his own innovative ideas. Hence the distinctive style. Truly, he is one of those who passed through the net of the Six Canons [of Xie He \u8b1d\u8d6b, 479\u2013502]; treasure it.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 4}, {"inscription": "2 seals of Ye Tingguan \u8449\u5ef7\u742f (b. 1791); \n\n1 seal unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": 5}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 300427, "title": "Chinese Landscape Painting", "description": "<i>Chinese Landscape Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 520238, "title": "Master of Landscape: East and West", "description": "<i>Master of Landscape: East and West</i>. Munson Museum of Art, Utica, NY (organizer) (September 15-October 13, 1963); Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (November 1-December 1, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-09-15T04:00:00"}, {"id": 516263, "title": "Fantastics and Eccentrics in Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Fantastics and Eccentrics in Chinese Painting</i>. The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (March 23-May 28, 1967); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA (June 20-August 13, 1967); Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, de Young Museum, San Francisco, CA (September 15-November 5, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-24T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304517, "title": "Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting", "description": "<i>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</i>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 11-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 3, 1982-February 28, 1983).", "opening_date": "1981-02-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310041, "title": "Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia", "description": "<i>Mountains, Rocks, and Water: Landscape Painting in Asia</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 2-December 13, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-10-02T04:00:00"}, {"id": 203084, "title": "Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen", "description": "<i>Ji Yun-Fei: Last Days of Village Wen</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 12-July 31, 2016).", "opening_date": "2016-02-12T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5-December 26, 1954).", "opening_date": "1954-11-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Masters of Landscape</em>. Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, Utica, NY (September 15-October 13, 1963); The Rochester Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (November 1-December 1, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-09-15T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Fantastics and Eccentrics</em>. Asia House Gallery, New York, NY, (March 23-May 28, 1967); Los Angeles County Museum of Art, CA (June 20-August 13, 1967); and M. H. De Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco, CA (September 15-November 5, 1967).", "opening_date": "1967-03-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 119)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (October 29, 2003-March 15, 2004).", "opening_date": "2003-10-29T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ye Tingguan \u8449\u5ef7\u742f [b. 1791]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Sun Zutong \u5b6b\u7956\u540c [1894\u20131937]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Yu Zituo \u865e\u5b50\u579e [early 20th century]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "(Walter Hochstadter [1914\u20132007], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "?-1954", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1954-", "sortorder": 5}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "A barren tree on the lower left has a hole in its lower trunk through which is visible a young servant carrying food to the gentlemen in the cottage.", "description": "Two figures sit conversing in a thatched cottage. This painting illustrates two poetic lines:<br><br>My guest came to sit beyond the dust, <br>In a narrow room, we talked about the autumnal sounds of autumn. <br><br>Hua Yan presented an intimate world\u2014simple and rustic\u2014amid a landscape. The cool wilderness depicted in this work conveys an aloofness that may reveal the inner world of a scholar-artist who failed the civil service examination but preserved a sense of pride and endurance in his humble surroundings.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60516462"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1954.263-conversation-in-autu"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Deng, Qiumei \u9127\u79cb\u679a. <em>Shen zhou da guan </em>\u795e\u5dde\u5927\u89c0. Shanghai: Shen zhou guo guang she, 1912.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. (18)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Kawai, Senro \u6cb3\u4e95\u8343\u5eec, editor. <em>Shina nanga taisei </em>\u652f\u90a3\u5357\u756b\u5927\u6210. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ko\u0304bunsha, 1935.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: X, pl. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "Pan, Zunqi \u6f58\u9075\u7948. <em>Xu jing zhai suo cang ming hua ji </em>\u865b\u975c\u9f4b\u6240\u85cf\u540d\u756b\u96c6. Shanghai: Shang wu yin shu guan, Minguo 24 [1935].", "page_number": "Reproduced: pl. 12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. <em>A History of Later Chinese Painting</em>. London: The Medici Society, 1938.", "page_number": "Mentioned: II, Lists, 253", "url": null}, {"citation": "O\u0304mura, Seigai \u5927\u6751\u897f\u5d16 and O\u0304mura Kido\u0304 \u5927\u6751\u6587\u592b. <em>Chu\u0304goku meigashu\u0304. 8</em> [\u4e2d\u56fd\u540d\u753b\u96c6. \u7b2c8\u518a = Collection of famous Chinese paintings]. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Ryu\u0304bunshokyoku, 1945.", "page_number": "VIII, pl. 13", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1954.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 157, cat. no. 110; Reproduced: p. 134", "url": "https://archive.org/details/ChineseLandscape"}, {"citation": "Sire\u0301n, Osvald. <em>Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles</em>. New York: Ronald Press, 1956.", "page_number": "Mentioned: VII, Lists, 343", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 880", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n156"}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>Chinese Landscape Painting</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 126, no. 101", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Masters of Landscape: East and West</em>. Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Institute, 1963.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 16", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. <em>A History of Far Eastern Art</em>. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1964.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 455, fig. 601", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n293"}, {"citation": "Cahill, James, and Virginia Field.<em> Fantastics and Eccentrics in Chinese Painting</em>. [New York]: Asia Society; distributed by Abrams, 1967.", "page_number": "cat. no. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 269", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n293"}, {"citation": "Cahill, James. \"Ch\u016bgoku kaiga niokeru kis\u014d to gens\u014d\" [Fantastics and eccentrics in Chinese painting] (part II). <em>Kokka</em> (1975): no. 979, pp. 2-21.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 358", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n378"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 265, p. 361", "url": null}, {"citation": "Barnhart, Richard M. <em>The Jade studio: masterpieces of Ming and Qing painting and calligraphy from the Wong Nan-p\u02bbing collection</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 1994.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 61, p. 195", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. <em>A World History of Art, 5th Edition</em>. London: Laurence King, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: no. 16.5, p. 696", "url": null}, {"citation": "Honour, Hugh, and John Fleming. <em>A World History of Art, 7th Edition. </em>London: Laurence King, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 690, fig. 16.5", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung. <em>Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 440-446", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1954.263", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_web.jpg", "width": "363", "height": "893", "filesize": "224340", "filename": "1954.263_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_print.jpg", "width": "1381", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3300314", "filename": "1954.263_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_full.tif", "width": "2574", "height": "6337", "filesize": "48961120", "filename": "1954.263_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "653", "height": "900", "filesize": "181722"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2466", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1773962"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4806", "height": "6626", "filesize": "95557652"}, "date_created": "2010-05-06T18:19:31", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt1_web.jpg", "width": "668", "height": "893", "filesize": "440893"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt1_print.jpg", "width": "2545", "height": "3400", "filesize": "6566582"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt1_full.tif", "width": "4992", "height": "6668", "filesize": "99889868"}, "date_created": "2010-05-06T18:17:15", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt2_web.jpg", "width": "330", "height": "900", "filesize": "166057"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt2_print.jpg", "width": "1247", "height": "3400", "filesize": "1156084"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt2_full.tif", "width": "2376", "height": "6477", "filesize": "46192080"}, "date_created": "2010-05-06T18:24:45", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt3_web.jpg", "width": "388", "height": "893", "filesize": "254450"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt3_print.jpg", "width": "1476", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3113562"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt3_full.tif", "width": "2170", "height": "5000", "filesize": "32564708"}, "date_created": "2004-04-02T20:14:17", "annotation": ""}, {"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt4_web.jpg", "width": "388", "height": "893", "filesize": "245515"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt4_print.jpg", "width": "1476", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2934436"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1954.263/1954.263_alt4_full.tif", "width": "2170", "height": "5000", "filesize": "32563516"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 131673, "creators": [{"id": 23570, "description": "Hua Yan (Chinese, 1682\u2013c. 1765)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u83ef\u55a6", "birth_year": "1682", "death_year": "1756", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1954-05-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1732, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1732", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Conversation in Autumn \u8b1b\u79cb\u5716"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:47:15.631000"}, {"id": 149684, "accession_number": "1979.72", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Ninth Day Literary Gathering at Xing\u2019an [Temporary Retreat] (\u4e5d\u65e5\u884c\u5eb5\u6587\u8b8c\u5716), 1743. Fang Shishu (Chinese, 1693\u20131751), and Ye Fanglin (Chinese, active late 1600s\u2013mid-1700s). Handscroll; ink and color on silk; image: 32.4 x 201.2 cm (12 3/4 x 79 3/16 in.); overall: 33.5 x 893 cm (13 3/16 x 351 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Severance and Greta Millikin Purchase Fund, 1979.72", "current_location": null, "title": "The Ninth Day Literary Gathering at Xing\u2019an [Temporary Retreat]", "title_in_original_language": "\u4e5d\u65e5\u884c\u5eb5\u6587\u8b8c\u5716", "creation_date": "1743", "creation_date_earliest": 1743, "creation_date_latest": 1743, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["China, Qing dynasty (1644-1911)"], "technique": "Handscroll; ink and color on silk", "support_materials": [], "department": "Chinese Art", "collection": "ASIAN - Handscroll", "type": "Painting", "measurements": "Image: 32.4 x 201.2 cm (12 3/4 x 79 3/16 in.); Overall: 33.5 x 893 cm (13 3/16 x 351 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.324, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 2.012, "width_inch": 79, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "overall": {"height": 0.335, "height_inch": 13, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 8.93, "width_inch": 351, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Fang Shishu's seal at beginning of painting: Ou ran shi de \u5076\u7136\u62fe\u5f97. \n\nYe Fanglin's seal at end of painting: Fanglin \u82b3\u6797.\n\nFrontispiece title dated 1743 and 3 seals of Chen Bangyan \u9673\u90a6\u5f66 (1678-1752).", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": 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"inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1744, and 3 seals of Li E \u53b2\u9d9a (1692\u20131752).\n\nThe Xing\u2019an [Temporary Retreat] is located at the northern outskirts of Yangzhou, near the western corner of the Tianning Temple. It was purchased by Ma Yueguan and his younger brother, Ma Yuelu, when it was but unused land of the Buddhist monastery and built as a place for rest and recreation. The monastery itself was the country villa of Xie An of the Jin dynasty. Its western corner is especially luxuriant and shady, densely wooded with ancient trees. Once inside the secluded areas of the woods, people would not know that they are not far from the city. The \u201cretreat\u201d is right at the center of this secluded spot, totally devoid of any artificial ornamentation of carving, engraving, lacquer, or bright colors, but rich in refreshing shade and in its balconies and courtyards. For this reason, people who come here for rest always linger and do not want to leave. On the Double-Ninth Day of guihai [1743] of the Qianlong era, after a prolonged period of rain, the weather was pleasant and fine. So the members [of the poetry club] were all invited to gather here. There, in the center, the portrait of Tao Jingjie [Tao Qian] by Qiu Ying was hung; yellow chrysanthemums were picked, and white wine was offered as a libation. The fourteen words in Du Fu\u2019s lines, \u201cren shi nan feng kai kou xiao, ju hua xu cha man tou gui\u201d (In this mortal world, there is hardly any occasion for a hearty laugh; so with chrysanthemums, let\u2019s go home full of flowers in our hair), were chosen as rhymes for making poetry. And so, dizzily and merrily, we all drank and hummed the whole day. \n\nA month later, Ye Jingchu, the portrait painter active in Suzhou, happened to be here and was asked to do a group portrait of the gathering on a scroll, with Fang Huanshan completing the background scenery. The painting was titled A Literary Gathering at the Temporary Retreat on the Ninth Day. Upon the completion of its mounting, every participant was asked to write his composition at the end of the scroll, and I was entrusted with recording the event in an essay. \n\nIn the picture there are two gentlemen sitting together on a short couch. The one on the right, who squats with outspread legs, is Hu Fuzhai, Qiheng, from Wuling; and the one on the left who holds his right knee is Tang Nanxuan, Jianzhong, from Tianmen. Two other gentlemen are sitting on matted chairs: the one holding a piece of writing is Fang Huanshan, Shishu, of Shexian; the other on the left, who is looking up as if he is about to speak, is Min Yuzheng, Hua, of Jiangdu. One gentleman who is sitting on a rattan stool and fingering his beard is Quan Xieshan, Zuwang, of Ningbo. The other, seated, leaning against a rock as though he is deep in thought, is Zhang Yuchuan, Sike, of Lintong. Two gentlemen are standing under trees, away from other people. The one holding a chrysanthemum is Li Fanxie, E, from Qiantang; the other, clasping his hands in his sleeves, is Chen Zhuding, Zhang, from Qiantang. One gentleman is playing on a qin on the stone table; this is Cheng Xiangxi, Mengxing, of Jiangdu. Among the three listeners, the one standing behind him with sleeve down is Ma Bancha, Yuelu, of Qimen. Two gentlemen are sitting on porcelain stools: the one leaning against a tree on the left is Fang Xizhou, Shijie; the other on the right, with legs crossed, is Wang Tianzhai, Yushu; both are from Shexian. Two gentlemen, seated facing each other and unrolling a scroll, are Ma Xiegu, Yueguan, of Qimen on the left, and Wang Meiyi, Zao, on the right. One onlooker on the right, with both hands clasped behind his back, is Lu Nanqi, Zhonghui, of Jiangdu. The other leaning forward [behind Mr. Lu] is Hong Quxi, Zhengke, of Shexian. Among the boy servants, three are planting chrysanthemums, one is waiting among the trees, one holds a walking stick while the other holds a scroll. Plants in the painting are banana, bamboo, and trees of various kinds. They are represented in colors of reddish yellow and greenish blue to give a seasonal feeling.\n\nNow the auspicious name of Double Ninth is universally respected by tradition. But [the Tang poet] Gao Shi [d. 675] had to scratch his head lamenting his loneliness, while Lu Guimeng [d. 881] had to shut himself indoors to dream of the joy of climbing up high. The reasons for their misfortunes were simply their lack of right time, right place, and right people. As for us, we are lucky in being born during a reign of peace, in a place of beauty, and in the company of friends who are cultured and understanding. How rare indeed are such gatherings in this world. On the other hand, among the sixteen of us, some are natives [of Yangzhou], and others are only visitors. Our meetings and partings are irregular and unpredictable. Some day, when enough time has gone by, when we are brought back to our memories by the change of seasons, we may unroll this painting and feel like seeing each other again. For the people in the future who have a chance to see this painting, perhaps they will not feel differently from us.\n\nIn the jiazi year [1744], on the fifty-fourth day of the summer, Li E recorded and inscribed.", "inscription_remark": "This translation is adapted from Wai-kam Ho\u2019s in Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting, no. 275, pp. 373\u201375.", "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "\u63da\u5dde\u70ba\u6c5f\u5317\u5927\u90fd\u6703\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u9023\u750d\u63a5\u6979\uff0c\u7b19\u6b4c\u8f3f\u5f9e\uff0c\u7adf\u65e5\u55a7\u805a\uff0c\u5176\u65bc\u6df8\u6b4c\u96c5\u96c6\uff0c\u8462\u7f55\u77e3\u3002\u57ce\u5317\u5929\u5be7\u5bfa\uff0c\u70ba\u6649\u8b1d\u516c\u99d0\u7bc0\u6642\u6240\u6e38\u606f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u884c\u5eb5\uff0c\u543e\u53cb\u99ac\u541b\u5db0\u8c37\u3001\u534a\u67e5\u5144\u5f1f\u4e4b\u5c0f\u7bc9\u4e5f\u3002\u5730\u4e0d\u8e30\u4e94\u755d\uff0c\u800c\u8001\u6a39\u53e4\u85e4\uff0c\u68ee\u851a\u76f8\u671b\uff0c\u7686\u5343\u767e\u5e74\u7269\uff0c\u9593\u4ee5\u4fee\u7af9\uff0c\u6625\u9ce5\u79cb\u87f2\uff0c\u66f4\u5531\u8fed\u548c\uff0c\u5176\u9593\u66f2\u5eca\u9ad8\u69ad\uff0c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9591\u9069\u3002\u51fa\u9580\u672a\u6578\u767e\u6b65\uff0c\u5373\u9ec3\u5875\u6fc1\u6d41\u6975\u76ee\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u4f5c\u60e1\u3002\u800c\u6b64\u4e2d\u7368\u856d\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u5916\u4e4b\u601d\u3002\u4e7e\u9686\u516b\u5e74\u4e5d\u65e5\uff0c\u5db0\u8c37\u5144\u5f1f\u62db\u96c6\u540c\u793e\u4e00\u5341\u56db\u4eba\u7940\u9676\u516c\uff0c\u51fa\u6240\u85cf\u4ec7\u5be6\u7236\u767d\u63cf\u50cf\u61f8\u65bc\u95a3\u4e0a\uff0c\u5404\u8ce6\u4e00\u8a69\u3002\u4e88\u65b9\u7559\u6eef\u897f\u6ce0\uff0c\u672a\u5f97\u9810\u4e5f\u3002\u53c8\u8e30\u65ec\u800c\u4e88\u81f3\uff0c\u8af8\u541b\u65b9\u64ec\u7e6a\u5716\u8a18\u4e8b\uff0c\u5db0\u8c37\u66f0\uff1a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u7121\u541b\u3002\u4e43\u4ee5\u5c55\u65e5\u66f4\u8209\uff0c\u4ee4\u4e88\u5f97\u966a\u5377\u8ef8\u4e4b\u672b\uff1b\u800c\u6d2a\u541b\u66f2\u6eaa\uff0c\u5169\u5ea6\u7686\u4ee5\u75c5\u5931\u7d04\uff0c\u7136\u6545\u541f\u793e\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e5f\uff0c\u4ea6\u88dc\u5165\u7109\u3002\u4e88\u592a\u606f\u8b02\u8af8\u541b\u66f0\uff1a\u8b1d\u516c\u4e4b\u98a8\u6d41\uff0c\u5343\u53e4\u5982\u5728\uff1b\u7136\u5176\u6e38\u606f\u65bc\u65af\u4e5f\uff0c\u5247\u8207\u6771\u5c71\u8cd3\u5f9e\u4e4b\u6a02\u7a0d\u4e0d\u540c\u77e3\u3002\u516c\u4e4b\u70ba\u662f\u884c\u4e5f\uff0c\u84cb\u4ee5\u7b26\u6c0f\u4e4b\u4e82\uff0c\u601d\u5317\u5b9a\u4e2d\u539f\u4e5f\u3002\u800c\u5176\u6642\u516c\u5df3\u56f0\u65bc\u8b92\u53e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u81ea\u5b89\u65bc\u671d\uff1b\u96d6\u5728\u6cb3\u6714\u6975\u6709\u53ef\u4e58\u4e4b\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u795e\u660e\u5167\u7d22\uff0c\u5f98\u5f8a\u4e0d\u514b\u81ea\u524d\u3002\u8001\u5e2b\u5de6\u6b21\uff0c\u7adf\u7121\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e4b\u529f\uff0c\u5750\u5931\u4e8b\u5e7e\u3002\u543e\u5e38\u904e\u90b5\u4f2f\u4e4b\u57ed\uff0c\u540a\u6cd5\u96f2\u4e4b\u8352\u7960\uff0c\u672a\u5617\u4e0d\u559f\u7136\u7d2f\u557c\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u660e\u5fb7\u4e4b\u8870\u4e5f\u3002\u81f3\u82e5\u4e5d\u65e5\u5609\u540d\uff0c\u9676\u516c\u9ad8\u683c\uff0c\u56fa\u5728\u7fb2\u7687\u61f7\u845b\u4e4b\u9593\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8b80\u5176 \u6b62\u9152\u4e4b\u8a69\uff0c\u84bc\u68a7\u6f22\u6c34\u4e4b\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7626\u8a5e\u5bc4\u5176\u5b64\u61a4\u5247\u592b\u9ec3\u82b1\u767d\u9152\uff0c\u84cb\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df3\u800c\u6f2b\u8207\u7109\u8005\u3002\u4eca\u543e\u8f29\u751f\u9022\u592a\u5e73\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u66f8\u6deb\u58a8\u7656\uff0c\u662f\u8655\u7559\u9023\uff0c\u80f8\u6b21\u4e2d\u4e86\u7121\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u70ba\u6c5f\u6e56\u4e4b\u5e78\u6c11\uff0c\u8ad6\u4eba\u96d6\u751a\u5abf\uff0c\u8ad6\u5176\u6642\u8207\u5730\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e0d\u79c1\u76f8\u6176\u4e5f\u3002\u8af8\u541b\u66f0\uff1a\u5584\u3002\u5716\u4e4b\u8a73\u5df3\u898b\u65bc\u53b2\u541b\u6a0a\u69ad\u8a18\u4e2d\u3002\u4e88\u4e4b\u8a31\u70ba\u5db0\u8c37\u5144\u5f1f\u5e8f\u65af\u5716\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e09\u5e74\u65bc\u8332\uff1b\u4eca\u590f\u91cd\u62ab\u5716\u6349\u7b46\uff0c\u800c\u5510\u4e08\u5357\u8ed2\uff0c\u5df3\u5316\u70ba\u7570\u7269\u77e3\u3002\u5c0d\u9152\u7576\u6b4c\uff0c\u4eba\u751f\u5e7e\u4f55\uff0c\u9858\u8207\u8af8\u541b\u4e26\u65e5\u76f8\u9047\u5f9e\u7109\u3002\u4e19\u5bc5\u590f\u676a\u5b64\u5c71\u793e\u5c0f\u6cc9\u7fc1\u5168\u7956\u671b\u5e8f\u3002", "inscription_translation": "1 colophon, dated 1746, and 1 seal of Quan Zuwang \u5168\u7956\u671b (1705\u20131755): \n\nYangzhou is a metropolis of Jiangbei (north of the Yangzi River). There are endless rows of houses and hustle and bustle\u2014of music and songs, of carriages and crowds\u2014that last throughout the day. Rare indeed are the refined joys of elegant gatherings. \n\nTo the north of the city, the Tianning Temple once served as a place for pleasure and rest for Master Xie of the Jin dynasty, when he was stationed [in the vicinity]. This is the Xing\u2019an, the exquisite residence of my friends the brothers Ma Xiegu [Yueguan] and Ma Bancha [Yuelu]. In size, it does not exceed five mou; but ancient trees and vines abound, [likely] to be hundreds or a thousand years old. Against their dense growth are tall bamboo, spring birds, and autumn insects singing and chirping in harmony. The winding corridors and tall kiosks are spaced in a fitting and comfortable way. [Indeed], if we were to step outside of the door several hundred paces, [we will find] dusty trails and polluted streams, causing one to cringe to see them. Within, however, its quiet atmosphere stirs one to otherworldly thoughts.\n\nOn the [Double] ninth day, the eighth year of Qianlong, Xiegu and his brother summoned fourteen members of the [poetry] club. And, to commemorate the Master Tao [Qian], they brought from their collection his portrait done by Qiu Ying in simple contour line drawing and hung it in the pavilion. [On this occasion], each was to compose one poem. At that time, I was detained in Xileng [Hangzhou], unable to participate. More than several scores of ten days later, when I did arrive, these gentlemen were considering a pictorial document for this event. Xiegu stated: \u201cwe could not do it without you!\u201d and [in so saying] it was decided to extend further its completion, thereby allowing my inclusion in the least conspicuous portion of the scroll. In addition, on account of illness, Mr. Hong Chuxi was twice absent [meaning from the literary gathering itself as well as from the planning session for the painting]. However, since he was a member of the [Hanjiang] Yinshe, his portrait too was to be added.\n\nI sighed and said to these gentlemen: \u201cThe elegant presence of Master Xie is indeed timeless. However, when he rested and took pleasure here, it was quite a different sort than when he had been at the Eastern Mountain, surrounded then by friends and intimates. Master Xie\u2019s emergence from [his carefree lifestyle] was due largely to [his desire] to quell the rebellion of Fu [Jian], with the hope of bringing peace to the Central Plain. [While he was at Yangzhou], however, the Master himself was already beset by slander and felt insecure [about his own position] at the court. Even though he had the opportunities to advance to the north of the river, his mind was turning inward, causing him to hesitate and preventing him from moving forward. In spite of having at his disposal an experienced army, he could not achieve even an inch or a foot of victory. Thus the chance was lost.\n\n\u201cIn the past, I have visited the Shaobo Dam [which the Master had built] and paid homage to the deserted shrine at Fayun. During every one of these occasions, I noted and lamented repeatedly at [what I perceived] as the decline of his will and intelligence.\n\n\u201cAs to this Ninth Day, which commemorated Master Tao, it is true that his lofty personality lies among such ancient emperors as Fu [Fuxi], Wu [Wuhuai], and Ge [Getian], but when I read his poem Stop Drinking, and his lament on the Verdant Trees, and on the Han River, [I find him] cloaking his anger in elegant language. Such is the case that, even with yellow flowers and white wine, they were but his way of obtaining release. \n\n\u201cNow that we are born in a time of peace, we can indulge ourselves in books and writings. Wandering about, without a single worry in our bosoms, we are indeed the fortunate men of the world. Privately, we may still be plagued by guilt, but when it comes to the given time and place, we could not but congratulate ourselves [on our good fortune].\u201d\n\n[Upon hearing this], these gentlemen responded: \u201cHow true it is!\u201d\n\nIn Mr. Li Fanxie\u2019s essay, one can gauge the specifics of the painting. As to my own piece, I have promised to Xiagu and his brother for three years. This summer, as I reopened the scroll and held my brush, [I noted that] Master Tang Nanxian is no longer with us. \u201cHolding a cup of wine, let us sing, before our lives come to end!\u201d It is my wish to spend time with you gentlemen.\n\nThe end of the summer, the year of bingyin [1746], in Gushan She [The Lone Hill Lodge], I, Xiaoquan Weng Quan Zuwang wrote the postscript.", "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}, {"inscription": "6 additional colophons and 15 additional seals: \n\n1 colophon, dated 1746, and 1 seal of Huang Zhijun \u9ec3\u4e4b\u96cb (1668-after 1746); \n\n1 colophon and 2 seals of Zha Xiang \u67e5\u7965 (1718 jinshi); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1746, and 3 seals of Zhang Siwen \u5f35\u601d\u554f; \n\n1 colophon, dated 1748, and 4 seals of Shao Dong \u5372\u6771 (1721 jinshi); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1753, and 2 seals of Fang Shiju \u65b9\u4e16\u8209 (signing as Fang Funan \u65b9\u6276\u5357); \n\n1 colophon, dated 1808, of Ruan Yuan \u962e\u5143 (1764\u20131849); \n\n3 seals unidentified.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304412, "title": "Year in Review: 1979", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1979</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 13-March 9, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309658, "title": "Portraiture: The Image of the Individual", "description": "<i>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 22, 1983-January 22, 1984).", "opening_date": "1983-11-22T05:00:00"}, {"id": 310268, "title": "Scholar's Studio", "description": "<i>Scholar's Studio</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19-December 17, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 211775, "title": "Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Highlights of Asian Paintings from The Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Nara National Museum (organizer) (February 21-March 29, 1998); Suntory Museum of Art (April 28-June 21, 1998).", "opening_date": "1998-02-21T00:00:00"}, {"id": 395234, "title": "China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta", "description": "<i>China\u2019s Southern Paradise: Treasures from the Lower Yangzi Delta</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 10, 2023-January 7, 2024).", "opening_date": "2023-09-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting</em>. The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (November 7, 1980-January 4, 1981); The Cleveland Museum of Art (February 10-March 29, 1981); Tokyo National Museum (October 4-November 17, 1982).", "opening_date": "1980-11-07T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Portraiture: The Image of the Individual</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (1983).", "opening_date": "1983-01-01T05:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Elegant Brush: Chinese Painting under the Ch'ien-lung</em>. Phoenix Art Museum, Phoenix, AZ (August 25-October 6, 1985); Santa Barbara Museum of Art, Santa Barbara, CA (February 8-March 23, 1986); The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (May 13-August 13, 1986).", "opening_date": "1985-08-25T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>The Eccentric Painters of Yangzhou</em>. China Institute in America, New York, NY (October 20-December 15, 1990).", "opening_date": "1990-10-20T04:00:00Z"}, {"description": "<em>Main Asian Rotation (Gallery 242)</em>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (November 21, 2013-July 28, 2014).", "opening_date": "2013-11-21T05:00:00Z"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Ma Yueguan \u99ac\u66f0\u742f [1688\u20131755] and Ma Yuelu \u99ac\u66f0\u7490 [1697\u2013after 1766], Yangzhou, Jiangsu province, China", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Brothers Ma Yueguan and Ma Yuelu, who hosted the Ninth Day Literary Gathering at their Xing\u2019an garden, were wealthy salt merchants, poets, collectors, and patrons of the arts.</div>"], "date": "1743\u2013after 1766", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "Chen Kuilin \u9673\u5914\u9e9f [1855\u2013after 1915]", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Wan-go Weng \u7fc1\u842c\u6208 [1918\u20132020], Lyme, NH, sold sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": ["<div><!--block-->Inspired in part by this painting, Wan-go Weng painted a handscroll to commemorate an \u201celegant gathering\u201d of his own that took place in April 1985, when six of the most respected historians of Chinese painting and calligraphy met to view the Weng collection. <em>Elegant Gathering at the Laixi Residence </em>\u840a\u6eaa\u96c5\u96c6\u5716\u5377 is now in the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (accession number 2018.2899).</div>"], "date": "?\u20131979", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1979\u2013", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The two hosts and their fourteen guests were all officials, scholars, poets, painters, and salt merchants.", "description": "By the 1700s, Yangzhou was flourishing both economically and culturally as the most prosperous city in China, having surpassed all other Jiangnan cities in their creation of gardens. This group portrait commemorates a literary gathering in the private garden of the salt merchants and art patrons Ma Yueguan (1688\u20131755) and his brother Ma Yuelu (1697\u2013after 1766) in Yangzhou. Ma Yueguan received imperial recognition for providing financial aid and food relief for those affected by flood and drought. Ma Yueguan is seen seated at the end of the painting holding an open scroll while Ma Yuelu stands behind the <em>qin </em>instrument player. Among the guests were officials, scholars, poets, painters, and merchants, a mix of local members of a poetry club reflecting increasing social diversity.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60474098"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1979.72-the-ninth-day-litera"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Li, Dou \u674e\u6597, Wang Beiping \u6c6a\u5317\u5e73, and Tu Yugong \u6d82\u96e8\u516c. <em>Yangzhou hua fang lu </em>\u63da\u5dde\u756b\u822b\u9304. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju chu ban; Xin hua shu dian Beijing fa xing suo fa xing, 1960. (Preface dated 1795).", "page_number": "Mentioned: IV, 6(b)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chen, Kuilin \u9673\u5914\u9e9f. <em>Bao yu ge shu hua lu</em> \u5bf6\u8fc2\u95a3\u66f8\u756b\u9304 . Shanghai: [publisher not identified], 1915. (Preface dated 1855).", "page_number": "Mentioned: III, 57(b)-61(b)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Ferguson, John C \u798f\u958b\u68ee. <em>Li dai zhu lu hua mu </em>\u6b77\u4ee3\u8457\u9304\u7575\u76ee. Nanjing: Chin-ling University, Zhong guo wen hua yan jiu suo \u91d1\u9675\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u784f\u7a76\u6240, 1934.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: I, supp., p. 9(b)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Fukunaga, Takehiko \u798f\u6c38\u6b66\u5f65, and Howard L. Rogers. <em>Kinno\u0304,</em> <em>Bunjinga suihen. chiyu\u0304go (9)</em> \u91d1\u8fb2, \u6587\u4eba\u753b\u7c8b\u7de8. \u4e2d\u56fd\u7bc7 9. To\u0304kyo\u0304: Chu\u0304o\u0304koronsha, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 176\u2013178, pl. 82, fig. 28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1979.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 67, no. 3 (March 1980): 58\u201399.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 115, p. 86; Mentioned: p. 62", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25159667"}, {"citation": "Ho, Wai-kam, Sherman E. Lee, Laurence Sickman, and Marc F. Wilson. <em>Eight Dynasties of Chinese Painting: The Collections of the Nelson Gallery-Atkins Museum, Kansas City, and the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1980.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 275, pp. 372\u2013376", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi, and Claudia Brown. <em>The Elegant Brush: Chinese Painting Under the Qianlong Emperor, 1735-1795</em>. Phoenix, AZ: Phoenix Art Museum, 1985.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 34, p. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "Graham, Patricia J. \"Lifestyles of Scholar-Painters in Edo Japan.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 77, no. 7 (1990): 262\u2013283.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 265; Mentioned: pp. 264\u2013265, 282", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25161293"}, {"citation": "Giacalone, Vito, and Ginger Cheng-chi Hsu\u0308. <em>The Eccentric Painters of Yangzhou</em>. New York City: China House Gallery, China Institute in America, 1990.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 1, p. 31", "url": null}, {"citation": "Harrist, Robert E., and Gonglin Li. <em>Painting and Private Life in Eleventh-Century China: Mountain Villa by Li Gonglin</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 40", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>T\u014dy\u014d kaiga no seika: tokubetsuten: Kur\u012bvurando Bijutsukan no korekushon kara</em> [\u6771\u6d0b\u7d75\u753b\u306e\u7cbe\u83ef : \u7279\u522b\u5c55 : \u30af\u30ea\u30fc\u30f4\u30e9\u30f3\u30c8\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\u306e\u30b3\u30ec\u30af\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304b\u3089 = Highlights of Asian painting from the Cleveland Museum of Art]. Nara, Japan: Nara National Museum, 1998.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 46, p. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thorp, Robert L., and Richard Ellis Vinograd. <em>Chinese Art &amp; Cultur</em>e. New York: Abrams, 2001.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 345, 9-29", "url": null}, {"citation": "Nelson, Susan E. \"Revisiting the Eastern fence: Tao Qian's chrysanthemums<em>.</em>\"<em> Art Bulletin</em>, September 2001, Vol. 83, Issue 3, pp. 437\u2013460.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 445", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chung, Anita, Massoud Saidpour, \"Reflections of Art and Theater\", Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Cleveland Art: The Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine</em>. Vol. 44 no. 08, October 2004", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 8\u20139", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAMM2004-08/page/n7"}, {"citation": "Pirazzoli-t\u02bcSerstevens, Miche\u0300le, and Anne Kerlan-Stephens. A<em>utour des collections d'art en Chine au XVIIIe sie\u0300cle</em>. Gene\u0300ve: Librairie Droz, 2008.", "page_number": "pg. 146, fig. 4", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chiem, Kristen. \"Picturing Common Ground: Painting and Poetic Exchange Beyond Eighteenth-Century Yangzhou.\" <em>Artibus Asiae</em> 73, no. 1 (2013): 181\u2013218.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 202, 203, fig. 13", "url": "https://www-jstor-org.ingallslibrary.idm.oclc.org/stable/24240771"}, {"citation": "Finnane, Antonia. S<em>peaking of Yangzhou: A Chinese City, 1550-1850</em>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, 2004.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: fig. 22, p. 254", "url": null}, {"citation": "Chou, Ju-hsi and Anita Chung.<em> Silent poetry: Chinese paintings from the collection of the Cleveland Museum of Art.</em> Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 2015.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 447\u2013453", "url": null}, {"citation": "Zhang, Jinhua, and Don Cohn. <em>The Classical Chinese Furniture of Weiyang: Literati Culture and Craftsmanship in the Yangzhou Region During the Ming and Qing Dynasties.</em> London: Rasika/Sylph Editions, 2016.", "page_number": "Reproduced: pp. 36\u201337, fig. 11", "url": null}, {"citation": "Vinograd, Richard Ellis. <em>Facing China: Truth and Memory in Portraiture</em>. London: Reaktion Books, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: pp. 176\u2013177, fig. 84", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Griswold, William, Xiaofei Tian, Richard Von Glahn, Feng Zhao, S. J. 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"sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 149684, "creators": [{"id": 6346, "description": "Fang Shishu (Chinese, 1693\u20131751)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u65b9\u58eb\u5eb6", "birth_year": "1693", "death_year": "1751", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}, {"id": 6351, "description": "Ye Fanglin (Chinese, active late 1600s\u2013mid-1700s)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "and", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": "\u8449\u82b3\u6797", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 2}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1979-11-14T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1743, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1743", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["The Literary Gathering at a Yangchou Garden", "The Literary Gathering at a Yangzhou Garden", "The Ninth Day Literary Gathering at Xing\u2019an \u4e5d\u65e5\u884c\u5eb5\u6587\u8b8c\u5716", "The Ninth Day Literary Gathering at Xing\u2019an"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:43:11.527000"}, {"id": 118664, "accession_number": "1939.670.a", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Various Sketches of the Madonna and Child (recto), c. 1580. Paolo Veronese (Italian, 1528\u20131588). Pen and brown ink (iron gall) and brush and brown wash; sheet: 20.5 x 23.4 cm (8 1/16 x 9 3/16 in.); secondary support: 22 x 28.2 cm (8 11/16 x 11 1/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Robert Hays Gries, 1939.670.a", "current_location": null, "title": "Various Sketches of the Madonna and Child (recto)", "creation_date": "c. 1580", "creation_date_earliest": 1575, "creation_date_latest": 1585, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Italy, Venice"], "technique": "pen and brown ink (iron gall) and brush and brown wash", "support_materials": [{"description": "blue laid paper (discolored to blue-green), laid down on blue laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - Italian", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 20.5 x 23.4 cm (8 1/16 x 9 3/16 in.); Secondary Support: 22 x 28.2 cm (8 11/16 x 11 1/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.205, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0625, "width": 0.234, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.1875}, "secondary support": {"height": 0.22, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.6875, "width": 0.282, "width_inch": 11, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 347295, "title": "Drawings by Old Italian Masters", "description": "<i>Drawings by Old Italian Masters</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 5, 1940-February 25, 1941).", "opening_date": "1940-06-05T04:00:00"}, {"id": 347490, "title": "Drawings from the Museum Collection", "description": "<i>Drawings from the Museum Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 17-August 24, 1942).", "opening_date": "1942-06-17T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 350002, "title": "Old Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Old Master Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 10-31, 1964).", "opening_date": "1964-03-10T05:00:00"}, {"id": 351103, "title": "Italian Prints and Drawings", "description": "<i>Italian Prints and Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 26, 1968).", "opening_date": "1968-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355427, "title": "Veronese and His Studio in North American Collections", "description": "<i>Veronese and His Studio in North American Collections</i>. Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, AL (organizer) (October 1-November 15, 1972); Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, Montgomery, AL (December 2-31, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-10-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 304379, "title": "The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles", "description": "<i>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (March 6-April 22, 1979).", "opening_date": "1979-03-06T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304414, "title": "Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism", "description": "<i>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (February 19-March 23, 1980).", "opening_date": "1980-02-19T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304546, "title": "Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions", "description": "<i>Connoisseurship in Italian Figural Compositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 21, 1980-February 15, 1981).", "opening_date": "1980-10-21T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310010, "title": "Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection", "description": "<i>Italian Drawings from the Permanent Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 16, 1986-March 1, 1987).", "opening_date": "1986-12-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 355398, "title": "Veronese: Painter and Craftsman", "description": "<i>Veronese: Painter and Craftsman</i>. National Gallery of Art (organizer) (November 13, 1988-February 20, 1989).", "opening_date": "1988-11-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311462, "title": "Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650", "description": "<i>Concept, Dogma and Feeling: Italian Drawings 1550-1650</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 20, 1991).", "opening_date": "1991-08-27T04:00:00"}, {"id": 192019, "title": "Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 27-October 17, 2000); The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (May 23-August 19, 2001); Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Houston, TX (October 14, 2001-January 6, 2002).", "opening_date": "2000-08-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 220974, "title": "Paolo Veronese: Versatile Master of Renaissance Venice", "description": "<i>Paolo Veronese: Versatile Master of Renaissance Venice</i>. John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, FL (organizer) (December 6, 2012-April 14, 2013).", "opening_date": "2012-12-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [{"description": "Dr. Daniel Huebsch, Cleveland; Robert Hays Gries, Cleveland.", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The sheet of paper was a more vibrant, pure blue when the drawing was made; aging has rendered the color of the sheet closer to a green-gray.", "description": "In the last decades of his career, Paolo Veronese and his workshop produced a number of idyllic visions of the Holy Family in repose in the countryside during their flight into Egypt. This crowded sheet of loose, lively sketches was recently proposed to have inaugurated an intensive period of interest in this subject that began around 1570. The sheet shows two horizontal rows with eight versions of the seated Virgin holding the Christ Child, in some of the sketches accompanied by the infant John the Baptist or Joseph, and in one by a donkey. The sheet presents an unusual case of being preparatory not for paintings, but for finished chiaroscuro drawings, now in London, Berlin, and Cambridge, MA. While the individual sketches may appear at first glance a mass of tangled lines and confused forms, such pen and ink drawings demonstrate the Venetian artist's restless creative energy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80013688"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1939.670.a-various-sketches-of"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Clayton, Stephen W. <em>Veronese &amp; His Studio In North American Collections</em>. [Birmingham, Ala.]: [Birmingham Museum of Art], 1972.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 7, 44", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Mark M. <em>Idea to Image: Preparatory Studies from the Renaissance to Impressionism</em>. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1980.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat no. 19, pp. 27-28", "url": null}, {"citation": "Olszewski, Edward J., and Jane Glaubinger. <em>The Draftsman's Eye: Late Italian Renaissance Schools and Styles</em>. Cleveland: Published by the Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with the Indiana University Press, 1981.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 109, p. 18, p. 75, p. 109, p. 119, pp. 134-135", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rearick, William R., Veronese, and Terisio Pignatti. <em>The Art of Paolo Veronese, 1528-1588</em>. Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1988.", "page_number": "Mentioned: cat. no. 46, pp. 94-95", "url": null}, {"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Diane DeGrazia, and Carter E. Foster. <em>Master Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art in association with Rizzoli International Publications, New York, 2000.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 6, 44-45, 285; Reproduced: P. 45, cat. no.12", "url": null}, {"citation": "Brilliant, Virginia, et al. <em>Paolo Veronese: A Master and His Workshop in Renaissance Venice</em>. London, England: Scala, 2012.", "page_number": "Reproduced: fig. 34, p. 169", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1939.670.a", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.670.a/1939.670.a_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "701", "filesize": "237032", "filename": "1939.670.a_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.670.a/1939.670.a_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2648", "filesize": "2756175", "filename": "1939.670.a_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1939.670.a/1939.670.a_full.tif", "width": "6217", "height": "4842", "filesize": "90336808", "filename": "1939.670.a_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Robert Hays Gries", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 118664, "creators": [{"id": 2362, "description": "Paolo Veronese (Italian, 1528\u20131588)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1528", "death_year": "1588", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1939-12-19T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1575, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1580", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "part", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": "1939.670", "is_nazi_era_provenance": true, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Studies of the Virgin and Child with Sts. John the Baptist and Joseph"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:08:30.078000"}, {"id": 124001, "accession_number": "1944.490", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Left side of a double-page album folio: Outside a Royal Encampment (recto) and Calligraphy, Persian Verses (verso), c. 1485. Style of Bihzad (Iranian, active 1470\u20131506). Opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Edward L. Whittemore Fund, 1944.490", "current_location": null, "title": "Left side of a double-page album folio: Outside a Royal Encampment (recto) and Calligraphy, Persian Verses (verso)", "creation_date": "c. 1485", "creation_date_earliest": 1475, "creation_date_latest": 1500, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["Afghanistan or Iran, Timurid period (1370\u20131501)"], "technique": "opaque watercolor, ink, and gold on paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Islamic Art", "collection": "Islamic Art", "type": "Manuscript", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.27, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.625, "width": 0.172, "width_inch": 6, "width_inch_fraction": 0.75}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Nastaliq calligraphy on the verso", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": "", "sortorder": 1}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312146, "title": "Islamic Art", "description": "<i>Islamic Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1944-February 2, 1945).", "opening_date": "1944-11-03T04:00:00"}, {"id": 700743, "title": "Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Islamic and Indian Miniature Paintings and Manuscripts</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (December 19, 1955-February 19, 1956).", "opening_date": "1955-12-15T05:00:00"}, {"id": 701409, "title": "Exhibition of Persian Art", "description": "<i>Exhibition of Persian Art</i>. Italian Institute for the Middle and Far East, Rome, Italy (organizer) (May 31-September 30, 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-31T04:00:00"}, {"id": 518751, "title": "The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran", "description": "<i>The Exhibition of Persian Art: 7000 Years of Art in Iran</i>. Petit Palais, Mus\u00e9e des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris, Paris, France (organizer) (October 19, 1961-January 31, 1962).", "opening_date": "1961-10-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 519268, "title": "Muslim Miniature Paintings", "description": "<i>Muslim Miniature Paintings</i>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy, Venezia, Italy (organizer) (September 1-October 31, 1962); The Asia Society Museum, New York, NY (December 4, 1962-February 3, 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T04:00:00"}, {"id": 517994, "title": "The Classical Style in Islamic Painting", "description": "<i>The Classical Style in Islamic Painting</i>. The Morgan Library & Museum, New York, NY (organizer) (November 1, 1968-January 4, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-11-01T05:00:00"}, {"id": 443710, "title": "Persian Miniature Manuscripts", "description": "<i>Persian Miniature Manuscripts</i>. The Scottish Arts Council Gallery, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (organizer) (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>International Exhibition of Persian</em> <em>Art</em>. Royal Academy of Arts, London, UK (January 7-February 28, 1931). [Lent by Philip Hofer, New York]", "opening_date": "1931-01-07T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination.</em> Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (October 9, 1933-January 7, 1934).", "opening_date": "1933-10-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Exhibition of Persian Art</em>. Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente, Rome, Italy (May-October 1956).", "opening_date": "1956-05-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>7000 Ans d'art en Iran</em>. Petit Palais, Paris, France (October-November 1961).", "opening_date": "1961-10-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Muslim Miniature Paintings from American Collections</em>. Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice, Italy; Asia House, New York, NY (September 1962-February 1963).", "opening_date": "1962-09-01T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>The Classical Style in Islamic Painting...</em>. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, NY (November 6, 1968-January 4, 1969).", "opening_date": "1968-11-06T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Imperial Images in Persian Painting</em>. The Scottish Arts Council, Edinburgh, Scotland (August 13-September 11, 1977).", "opening_date": "1977-08-13T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Philip Hofer [1898\u20131984], New York, NY, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "? by 1931\u20131944", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1944\u2013", "sortorder": 3}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Intoxicated, a man in blue at the lower right has fallen.", "description": "The painting is the left side of a double composition; at the upper left are musicians who provide ambient entertainment. A cook prepares meat over a brazier, while a servant brings kebab on a shallow bowl. The unfinished state of this painting reveals the artist's process of creating underdrawings that are filled with color. The verso has an example of calligraphy.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60763716"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1944.490-left-side-of-a-doubl"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Martin, F. R. <em>The Miniature Painting and Painters of Persia, India and Turkey, from the 8th to the 18th Century.</em> London: B. Quaritch, 1912.", "page_number": "Mentioned: Vol. I, p. 43; Reproduced: Vol. II pl. 68.", "url": null}, {"citation": "Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), and Maurice Sven Dimand. <em>A Guide to an Exhibition of Islamic Miniature Painting and Book Illumination.</em> [Portland, Me.]: [The Southworth Press], 1933.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 31, fig. 19", "url": "https://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/137388"}, {"citation": "Hollis, Howard. \"Three Iranian Miniatures.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 32, no. 4 (April 1945): 35\u201341.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 35", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25141194"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>The Cleveland Museum of Art Handbook.</em> Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1958.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: cat. no. 723", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1958/page/n132"}, {"citation": "Grube, Ernst J. <em>Muslim Miniature Paintings from the XIII to XIX Century from Collections in the United States and Canada. Catalogue of the Exhibition</em>. Venezia: N. Pozza, 1962.", "page_number": "Reproduced: cat. no. 53", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n246"}, {"citation": "Grube, Ernst J, and Pierpont Morgan Library. <em>The Classical Style in Islamic Painting: The Early School of Herat and Its Impact on Islamic Painting of the Later 15th, the 16th and 17th Centuries: Some Examples in American Collections</em>. Place of publication not identified: Edizioni Oriens, 1968.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 191, No. 37", "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 222", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n246"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 279", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n299"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1944.490", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.490/1944.490_web.jpg", "width": "900", "height": "700", "filesize": "447649", "filename": "1944.490_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.490/1944.490_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2644", "filesize": "4244198", "filename": "1944.490_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.490/1944.490_full.tif", "width": "8500", "height": "6611", "filesize": "168613688", "filename": "1944.490_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.490/1944.490_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "573", "height": "900", "filesize": "243569"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.490/1944.490_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2163", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2524120"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1944.490/1944.490_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4205", "height": "6611", "filesize": "83426824"}, "date_created": "2009-07-16T19:32:05", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Edward L. Whittemore Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 124001, "creators": [{"id": 42714, "description": "Bihzad (Iranian, active 1470\u20131506)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "style of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1944-12-15T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1475, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1485", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "cover", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Folio from an Album with Musicians and Servants Outside a Royal Encampment (recto) and Calligraphy, Persian Verses (verso)"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:23:22.775000"}, {"id": 128874, "accession_number": "1951.483", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Victoria Dubourg, c. 1866. Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917). Graphite; sheet: 30.9 x 21.9 cm (12 3/16 x 8 5/8 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection, 1951.483", "current_location": null, "title": "Victoria Dubourg", "creation_date": "c. 1866", "creation_date_earliest": 1861, "creation_date_latest": 1871, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "graphite", "support_materials": [{"description": "off-white wove paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 30.9 x 21.9 cm (12 3/16 x 8 5/8 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.309, "height_inch": 12, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.219, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "verso, upper right, in blue crayon: Ph 1756 [underlined]", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 361211, "title": "The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings", "description": "<i>The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings</i>. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (March 26-April 23, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 519373, "title": "Nineteenth Century: 125 Master Drawings", "description": "<i>Nineteenth Century: 125 Master Drawings</i>. Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (March 26-April 23, 1962); Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York, NY (May 10-June 30, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 361211, "title": "The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings", "description": "<i>The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings</i>. Frederick R. Weisman Art Museum, Minneapolis, MN (organizer) (May 15-July 1, 1962).", "opening_date": "1962-03-26T05:00:00"}, {"id": 304645, "title": "Drawings", "description": "<i>Drawings</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 11-September 10, 1963).", "opening_date": "1963-01-11T05:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309571, "title": "The Impressionist Aesthetic", "description": "<i>The Impressionist Aesthetic</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (August 10-October 31, 1982).", "opening_date": "1982-08-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309655, "title": "National Schools of Style", "description": "<i>National Schools of Style</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 14-September 18, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-06-14T04:00:00"}, {"id": 338947, "title": "The Private Degas", "description": "<i>The Private Degas</i>. Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (January 20-February 28, 1987); Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge CB2 1RB (March 17-May 3, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-01-20T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 182153, "title": "Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Monet to Dal\u00ed: Modern Masters from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. Seoul Art Center, South Korea (December 22, 2006-March 28, 2007); Seoul Olympic Museum of Art, South Korea (April 7-May 20, 2007).", "opening_date": "2006-05-27T00:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>The Private Degas</em>. Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester (January 17 - February 28, 1987); Fitzwilliam Museum, University of Cambridge (March 14 - May 3, 1987).", "opening_date": "1987-01-17T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>Works by Edgar Degas</em>. Cleveland Museum of Art (February 5 - March 9, 1947).", "opening_date": "1947-02-05T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>French Drawings and Water Colors, Supplement to The Painting of France Since the Revolution</em>. M. H. De Young Memorial Museum, San Francisco (Summer 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Estate of Edgar Degas [1834-1917], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "c. 1866-1918", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Galerie Georges Petit, second Degas sale, Paris, December 11-13, 1918, no. 238, 2nd part)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1918", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "Mme. Alice Weiller [1869-1943], Paris, by descent to Paul-Louis Weiller, Geneva", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "after 1918-by 1941", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Paul-Louis Weiller [1883-1993], Geneva", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1941-before 1951", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams, Cleveland, given to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "by 1947-1951", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "1951-", "sortorder": 6}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Around the time this drawing was made, its subject, Victoria Dubourg, became engaged to the artist Henri Fantin-Latour, also a friend of Degas.", "description": "This drawing is one of several studies that Edgar Degas created for a painted portrait of the artist Victoria Dubourg, now in the collection of the Toledo Museum of Art. Here, Degas concentrated on the facial expression of Dubourg, known for her still-lifes of flowers. Attempting to precisely render Dubourg's direct gaze, Degas drew her eyes in greater detail, even adding an additional sketch along the sheet's upper margin.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79909396"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1951.483-victoria-dubourg"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "<em>Catalogue des tableaux, pastels, et dessins par Edgar Degas et provenant de son atelier...2e vente. </em>Paris: Georges Petit, 1918.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 39, no. 238 (2nd part of lot, as Buste de femme)", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lemoisne, P. A. <em>Degas et son oeuvre</em>. Paris: Brame and De Hauke, 1946).", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 68, under no. 137", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>French Drawings and Water Colors, Supplement to The Painting of France Since the French Revolution</em>. Exh. Cat. San Francisco: M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, 1941.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 6, no. 217", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry Sayles. <em>Works by Edgar Degas</em>. Exh. Cat. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1947.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 19, no. 57; Reproduced: pl. XLVIII", "url": null}, {"citation": "Coe, Nancy. \"The History of the Collecting of European Paintings and Drawings in the City of Cleveland.\" MA Thesis. Oberlin College, 1955.", "page_number": "Mentioned: vol. II, p. 258, no. 9", "url": null}, {"citation": "Francis, Henry. \"Drawings by Degas.\" <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art </em>44, no. 10 (December 1957): 212-217.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 215; Reproduced: p. 214", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25142248"}, {"citation": "Eitner, Lorenz. <em>The Nineteenth Century: One Hundred Twenty-Five Master Drawings</em>. Exh. Cat. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 1962.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 27; Reproduced: pl. 33", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>The Toledo Museum of Art: European Paintings</em>. Toledo: Toledo Museum of Art, 1976.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 52", "url": null}, {"citation": "Thomson, Richard. <em>The Private Degas</em>. Exh. Cat. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1987.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 17, 139, no. 30; Reproduced: p. 21", "url": null}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1951.483", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.483/1951.483_web.jpg", "width": "641", "height": "893", "filesize": "316811", "filename": "1951.483_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.483/1951.483_print.jpg", "width": "2440", "height": "3400", "filesize": "5782538", "filename": "1951.483_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.483/1951.483_full.tif", "width": "4707", "height": "6558", "filesize": "92631236", "filename": "1951.483_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.483/1951.483_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "631", "height": "893", "filesize": "339247"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.483/1951.483_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2404", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4814238"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1951.483/1951.483_alt0_full.tif", "width": "3634", "height": "5139", "filesize": "56054392"}, "date_created": "2006-05-18T13:51:43", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. Lewis B. Williams Collection", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 128874, "creators": [{"id": 1759, "description": "Edgar Degas (French, 1834\u20131917)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Son of a Parisian banker, Edgar Degas enrolled in law school in 1853 following his father's wishes. But he had already shown an interest in art and had also registered to copy at the Louvre. In 1855 he entered the \u00c9cole des Beaux-Arts and became a student of Louis Lamothe (1822-1869), a former pupil of Ingres (q.v.). One year later Degas made the traditional journey to Italy, remaining there for three years. He visited family members in Naples and Florence and attended life classes at the Villa Medici in Rome. A visit to Normandy in 1861 may have introduced him to the racetrack. In Paris he continued to study at the Louvre, where he met Manet (q.v.) in 1862. Apart from his continuous interest in portraiture and history painting, Degas began to pay attention to subjects of modern life. Between 1865 and 1870, he exhibited at the Salon. At the time of the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the artillery, but because of his poor eyesight he served (with Manet) in the infantry. After the war he traveled first to London and, in 1872-73, visited his uncle and brothers who had a cotton business in New Orleans. Degas participated in the first impressionist exhibition of 1874. He continued to exhibit with these artists until 1886 but never completely considered himself a member of the group, preferring to call himself a realist or naturalist. While many of the impressionists painted en plein air, Degas worked with models in his studio and, later in his career, from his imagination. In addition to painting, he experimented often with monotypes, engraving, pastels, sculpture, and photography. He traveled extensively-London, Naples, Spain, Morocco, and Switzerland-but continued to draw his subject matter from modern-day Paris. Other recurring themes would be the female nude and the ballet dancer. After the impressionist exhibition of 1886, Degas no longer participated in group shows. Instead he sold his works to private dealers such as Durand-Ruel and Ambroise Vollard. In the 1890s he began his own art collection, which, besides many works on paper, included paintings by such artists as Ingres, C\u00e9zanne (q.v.), Delacroix (q.v.), Gauguin (q.v.), and van Gogh (q.v.). His own art at the time became characterized by broader strokes of paint, charcoal, and pastel and the use of more vibrant colors, partly because of problems with his vision. His failing eyesight and poor health caused him to abandon his pursuit of art during the last years of his life.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1834", "death_year": "1917", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1951-12-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1861, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1866", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Study for Portrait of Mlle. Dubourg"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 06:39:23.139000"}, {"id": 376229, "accession_number": "2020.63", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Quasimodo, c. 1875\u201380. Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916). Charcoal with fabricated black chalk and touches of white and gray gouache on gray wove paper; sheet: 36.8 x 32.9 cm (14 1/2 x 12 15/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund, 2020.63", "current_location": null, "title": "Quasimodo", "creation_date": "c. 1875\u201380", "creation_date_earliest": 1870, "creation_date_latest": 1885, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "charcoal with fabricated black chalk and touches of white and gray gouache on gray wove paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 36.8 x 32.9 cm (14 1/2 x 12 15/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.368, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.5, "width": 0.329, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.9375}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "signed, lower left, in black ink: ODILON REDON", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 393854, "title": "Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon", "description": "<i>Collecting Dreams: Odilon Redon</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 19, 2021-January 23, 2022).", "opening_date": "2021-09-19T04:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Les Peintres de l\u2019\u00e2me: Le Symbolisme id\u00e9aliste en France</em>. Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Ixelles, Brussels (October 15\u2013December 31, 1999).", "opening_date": "1999-12-31T00:00:00"}, {"description": "<em>\u0152uvres sur papier</em>. Galerie Eric Coatalem, Paris (2002).", "opening_date": "2002-01-01T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Marcel Lecomte [1900-1966], Paris", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-?", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, June 11, 1997, no. 74)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1997", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Galerie Ronny van de Velde, Antwerp)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "by 1999", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Private Collection, Paris, France", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "after 1999-before 2002", "sortorder": 4}, {"description": "(Galerie Eric Coatalem, Paris, sold to Eugene Thaw, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002", "sortorder": 5}, {"description": "Eugene Thaw [1927\u20132018], New York", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2002-2018", "sortorder": 6}, {"description": "(sale, Christie\u2019s, New York, November 12, 2018, no. 160)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2018", "sortorder": 7}, {"description": "(sale, Christie\u2019s, New York, May 14, 2019, no. 116, sold to a private collector)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2019", "sortorder": 8}, {"description": "private collection", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "2019", "sortorder": 9}, {"description": "(Jill Newhouse, New York, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2019-2020", "sortorder": 10}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": [], "date": "2020-", "sortorder": 11}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Victor Hugo, the author who inspired this drawing\u2019s subject, also made drawings with black materials inspired by his own imagination, much like Redon\u2019s own work.", "description": "The nineteenth-century French artist Odilon Redon was known for works defined by their darkness\u2014both the black materials he used and the mood of his fantastical themes. This drawing depicts Quasimodo, the protagonist of Victor Hugo\u2019s 1831 novel <em>The Hunchback of Notre Dame</em>, but does not directly relate to the text. Redon layered and rubbed away charcoal marks to create the indeterminate space behind the pair.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117244333"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-2020.63-quasimodo"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Wildenstein, Alec. <em>Odilon Redon, catalogue raisonn\u00e9 de l\u2019\u0153uvre peint et dessin\u00e9</em>. Paris: Wildenstein Institute, 1992.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 4, p. 276, no. 2639", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Peintures et dessins des XIXe et XXe si\u00e8cles</em>. Paris: Drouot, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 24, no. 74", "url": null}, {"citation": "Jumeau-Lafond, Jean-David. <em>Les Peintres de l\u2019\u00e2me: Le Symbolisme id\u00e9aliste en France</em>. Exh. cat. Brussels: Mus\u00e9e d\u2019Ixelles, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 143, no. 109", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>\u0152uvres sur papier</em>. Exh. cat. Paris: Galerie Eric Coatalem, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 50-51", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Impressionist and Modern Art Works on Paper and Day Sales</em>. New York: Christie\u2019s, 2018.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 160", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Impressionist and Modern Art Works on Paper and Day Sales</em>. New York: Christie\u2019s, 2019.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: no. 116", "url": null}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. \u201cCollecting Dreams: An exhibition of the museum's outstanding collection of works by Odilon Redon.\u201d <em>Cleveland Art: Cleveland Museum of Art Members Magazine </em>61, no. 3 (Summer 2021): 12-15.", "page_number": "Reproduced and Mentioned: P. 13-14", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 122-125, no. 20", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Wildenstein 2639", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/2020.63", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.63/2020.63_web.jpg", "width": "808", "height": "900", "filesize": "365211", "filename": "2020.63_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.63/2020.63_print.jpg", "width": "3051", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4913368", "filename": "2020.63_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/2020.63/2020.63_full.tif", "width": "8449", "height": "9415", "filesize": "238669584", "filename": "2020.63_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Mr. and Mrs. William H. Marlatt Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 376229, "creators": [{"id": 1748, "description": "Odilon Redon (French, 1840\u20131916)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "A leader of the symbolist movement in France, Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux in 1840 and grew up in the surrounding region. During his early years he studied drawing, architecture, and the violin. A friendship with Armand Clavaud, a local botanist and philosopher, stimulated Redon's passion for romantic art and literature. In 1864, after a brief and discouraging period of instruction with G\u00e9r\u00f4me in Paris, Redon returned to Bordeaux, where he studied printmaking with Rodolphe Bresdin (1825-1885). Deploring the emphasis on rational, phenomenal experience in academic and naturalist art, Redon turned for inspiration to the imaginative paintings of Delacroix, the prints of Francisco Jos\u00e9 de Goya (1746-1828), and the poetry of Charles Baudelaire. In 1870, after military service in the Franco-Prussian War, Redon settled in Paris and produced his first <em>Noirs</em>. These visionary images, featuring floating eyes and severed heads born aloft on wings, reflect Redon's belief in the superiority of the imagination and fantasy, which he considered \"the messenger of the unconscious.\" After producing his initial <em>Noirs </em>in charcoal, Redon discovered a method of transferring his drawings to lithography in 1876. Throughout the 1880s he continued to use charcoal, etching, and lithography as his primary media, and he produced twelve lithography albums before abandoning the genre in the late 1890s. During the 1880s Redon emerged as a leader of the symbolist reaction against impressionism. The publication in 1879 of his first lithographic album, <em>Dans le r\u00eave</em>, followed by his first solo exhibition in 1881, attracted the admiration of J. K. Huysmans, who included illustrations by Redon in his novel <em>\u00c0 rebours</em> (1884). Around the same time, Redon developed a personal and artistic relationship with poet St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9. Increasingly drawn into the public arena, Redon helped organize the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Artistes Ind\u00e9pendants in 1884. In 1886 he participated in the last impressionist exhibition and began showing with Les XX in Brussels. Redon's antinaturalist, visionary, art inspired many symbolist and Nabi artists, including Gauguin and Vuillard. Maurice Denis praised Redon as \"our Mallarm\u00e9,\" and in 1892 critic Albert Aurier described Redon as a leader of the new \"idealistic\" tendency in art. After 1890 the focus of Redon's activity shifted from monochromatic drawings and prints toward exploring color in richly worked pastels. His innovations in luminous color, as seen in the pastel and oil paintings he exhibited at the Galeries Durand-Ruel in 1900 were greatly admired by Henri Matisse (1869-1954) and the Fauves. Awarded the Legion of Honor in 1903, Redon continued his leadership role in the avant-garde and in 1904 became a founding member of the Salon d'Automne. In 1913 forty of his works were selected for exhibition in the Armory Show, the most by any artist. Redon died at his home in Paris in the summer of 1916.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1840", "death_year": "1916", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "2020-03-02T00:00:00-05:00", "sortable_date": 1870, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1875\u201380", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:57:45.445000"}, {"id": 105933, "accession_number": "1924.1015", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Single Miniature Excised from Boccaccio's Des Cleres et nobles femmes: Queen Medusa and Her Court, c. 1470. Circle of Ma\u00eetre Fran\u00e7ois (French). Tempera and gold on vellum; sheet: 13 x 9.1 cm (5 1/8 x 3 9/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift from J. H. Wade, 1924.1015", "current_location": null, "title": "Single Miniature Excised from Boccaccio's Des Cleres et nobles femmes: Queen Medusa and Her Court", "creation_date": "c. 1470", "creation_date_earliest": 1465, "creation_date_latest": 1475, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 15th century"], "technique": "tempera and gold on vellum", "support_materials": [], "department": "Medieval Art", "collection": "MED - Manuscript Illuminations", "type": "Manuscript", "measurements": "Sheet: 13 x 9.1 cm (5 1/8 x 3 9/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.13, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.125, "width": 0.091, "width_inch": 3, "width_inch_fraction": 0.5625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 312341, "title": "The Silver Jubilee Exhibition", "description": "<i>The Silver Jubilee Exhibition</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 23-September 28, 1941).", "opening_date": "1941-06-23T04:00:00"}, {"id": 355730, "title": "The World of Miniature Painting", "description": "<i>The World of Miniature Painting</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (September 20-November 10, 1953).", "opening_date": "1953-09-20T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300779, "title": "Juxtapositions", "description": "<i>Juxtapositions</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (September 11-October 10, 1965).", "opening_date": "1965-09-11T04:00:00"}, {"id": 300926, "title": "Treasures of Medieval France", "description": "<i>Treasures of Medieval France</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 16, 1966-January 29, 1967).", "opening_date": "1966-11-16T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309851, "title": "Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages", "description": "<i>Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 22-March 17, 1985).", "opening_date": "1985-01-22T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Detroit Institue of Art, \"French Gothic Decorative Arts, 13th-15th Centuries\" 11/9/1928-12/10/1928, no. 19.", "opening_date": "1928-11-09T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Brooklyn Museum, \"European Art, 1450-1500\" 4/21/1936-6/3/1936, no. 94.", "opening_date": "1936-04-21T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Baltimore Museum, \"Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance\" 12/29/1948-3/22/1949, no. 110.", "opening_date": "1948-12-29T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Royal Ontario Museum of Archeology, Toronto, \"Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts\" 3/10/1950-6/13/1950.", "opening_date": "1950-03-10T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Carnegie Institute, \"French Painting, 1100-1900\" 9/27/1951-12/10/1951, no. 18.", "opening_date": "1951-09-27T00:00:00"}, {"description": "Los Angeles County Museum, \"Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts\" 11/12/1953-2/3/1954.", "opening_date": "1953-11-12T00:00:00"}, {"description": "University of Kansas, 10/23/1975-01/22/1976", "opening_date": "1975-10-23T00:00:00"}, {"description": "University of Michigan Museum of Art, \"Images of Love and Death in Late Medieval and Renaissance Art\" 10/23/1975-01/22/1976.", "opening_date": "1975-10-23T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "Jacques d'Armagnac, Duc de Nemours; Lord Mostyn, London (sale July 13, 1920, no. 9; entire MS); Mme. Th. Belin, Paris (remainder of MS., sale Paris, 1936); Durlacher Brothers, New York.", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": null, "sortorder": null}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Medusa is shown here with her attendants before she was turned into the gorgon, a fierce frightening monster.", "description": "This miniature comes from the French translation of a book by the Italian poet Giovanni Boccaccio (1313\u20131375). A compilation of biographies of famous women, Boccaccio\u2019s work remained popular in France throughout the 1400s, especially with aristocratic bibliophiles, and was usually beautifully illustrated in the form of a deluxe manuscript. Shown here is the miniature introducing the chapter dealing with the legend of Queen Medusa. Surrounded by her courtiers, Medusa instructs the reader on the disadvantages of possessing wealth, which brings fear and superstition as well as loss of sleep, security, and peace of mind.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79892061"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1924.1015-single-miniature-exc"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "W. M. M. \u201cIlluminated Miniatures in the Cleveland Museum of Art.\u201d <em>The Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 12, no. 4 (April 1925): 61\u201371.", "page_number": "Mentioned: P. 70; Reproduced: P. 67, fig. g", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25136832"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1925.", "page_number": "Mentioned and Reproduced: p. 21", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook_80839/page/n23"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1928.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 22", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1928/page/n26"}, {"citation": "Walters Art Gallery (Baltimore, Md.), and Dorothy Eugenia Miner. Illuminated Books of the Middle Ages and Renaissance: An Exhibition Held at the Baltimore Museum of Art, January 27-March 13. Baltimore: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1949.", "page_number": null, "url": null}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1966</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1966.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1966/page/n98"}, {"citation": "Wixom, William D.<em> Treasures from Medieval France.</em> [Cleveland]: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1967.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 302-303; cat.no. VII-5", "url": "https://archive.org/details/TreasuresMedievalFrance/page/n329"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1969</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1969.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 74", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1969/page/n98"}, {"citation": "The Cleveland Museum of Art. <em>Handbook of the Cleveland Museum of Art/1978</em>. Cleveland, OH: The Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 85", "url": "https://archive.org/details/CMAHandbook1978/page/n105"}, {"citation": "Martin Nagy, Rebecca. Textiles in Daily Life in the Middle Ages. Cleveland, Ohio: Cleveland Museum of Art in cooperation with Indiana University Press, 1985.", "page_number": "p. 43, 59", "url": null}, {"citation": "Huizinga, Johan, Graeme Small, Anton van der Lem, and Diane Webb. <em>Autumntide of the Middle Ages: a study of forms of life and thought of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in France and the Low Countries</em>. [Leiden]: Leiden University Press, 2020.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 481, fig. 22.2", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Delapierre, Emmanuelle, and Alexis Merle du Bourg. Sous le regard de Me\u0301duse: de la Gre\u0300ce antique aux arts nume\u0301riques. Paris : In Fine e\u0301ditions d'art ; Caen : Muse\u0301e beaux-arts, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 63; Reproduced: p. 58 and 64, fig. 18", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1924.1015", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.1015/1924.1015_web.jpg", "width": "618", "height": "893", "filesize": "495717", "filename": "1924.1015_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.1015/1924.1015_print.jpg", "width": "2352", "height": "3400", "filesize": "2797943", "filename": "1924.1015_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1924.1015/1924.1015_full.tif", "width": "3944", "height": "5702", "filesize": "67501832", "filename": "1924.1015_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift from J. H. Wade", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 105933, "creators": [{"id": 7745, "description": "Ma\u00eetre Fran\u00e7ois (French)", "extent": null, "qualifier": "circle of", "role": "artist", "biography": null, "name_in_original_language": null, "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1924-11-26T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1465, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1470", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": ["Miniature Showing Queen Medusa Enthroned"], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 05:41:53.917000"}, {"id": 160775, "accession_number": "1999.106", "share_license_status": "Copyrighted", "tombstone": "The Grand Canyon, c. 1924. William E. Dassonville (American, 1879\u20131957). Gelatin silver print on Dassonville \"Charcoal Black\" paper; image: 20.3 x 25.6 cm (8 x 10 1/16 in.); paper: 25.4 x 32.1 cm (10 x 12 5/8 in.); matted: 40.6 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1999.106", "current_location": null, "title": "The Grand Canyon", "creation_date": "c. 1924", "creation_date_earliest": 1919, "creation_date_latest": 1929, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["America"], "technique": "gelatin silver print on Dassonville \"Charcoal Black\" paper", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "PH - American 1900-1950", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 20.3 x 25.6 cm (8 x 10 1/16 in.); Paper: 25.4 x 32.1 cm (10 x 12 5/8 in.); Matted: 40.6 x 50.8 cm (16 x 20 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.203, "height_inch": 8, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.256, "width_inch": 10, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}, "paper": {"height": 0.254, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.321, "width_inch": 12, "width_inch_fraction": 0.625}, "matted": {"height": 0.406, "height_inch": 16, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.508, "width_inch": 20, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "in pencil: \"4081 /2\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 185373, "title": "American Space:  Landscape Photography 1900-1950", "description": "<i>American Space:  Landscape Photography 1900-1950</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 6-May 23, 2001).", "opening_date": "2001-01-06T00:00:00"}, {"id": 194095, "title": "Icons of American Photography: A Century of Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Icons of American Photography: A Century of Photographs from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (June 24-September 16, 2007).", "opening_date": "2007-06-24T00:00:00"}, {"id": 202729, "title": "Shadows and Dreams: Pictorialist Photography in America", "description": "<i>Shadows and Dreams: Pictorialist Photography in America</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (September 5, 2015-January 17, 2016).", "opening_date": "2015-09-05T00:00:00"}, {"id": 383281, "title": "Stories from Storage", "description": "<i>Stories from Storage</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-May 16, 2021).", "opening_date": "2021-02-06T05:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "At the start of the 20th century, the Grand Canyon was already a famous destination for tourists.", "description": "\u201cThou vast, profound, primeval hiding-place / Of ancient secrets,\u201d wrote Henry Van Dyke in 1913 in his poem <em>The Grand Canyon</em>. Made a decade later, William E. Dassonville\u2019s photograph conveys a similar awe at this national landmark\u2019s grandeur, mystery, and power. In a shrewd composition that masterfully takes advantage of natural light, Dassonville emphasized the depth and breadth of the canyon by setting a white outcropping in the foreground against a dark shadow that slices the rectangular image in half diagonally. To its right, a sunbathed vista of cliffs and valleys takes our eye into deep, deep space.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79982535"], "internet_archive": []}, "citations": [], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1999.106", "images": {}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 160775, "creators": [{"id": 343, "description": "William E. Dassonville (American, 1879\u20131957)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "William E. Dassonville American, 1879-1957\r\n\r\nWilliam Dassonville (born in Sacramento) was a pictorial photographer active in San Francisco during the first two decades of the 20th century. In addition to the pictorial work he produced for exhibition, Dassonville operated a professional portrait studio. A member of the California Camera Club, he gave lectured on art photography and contributed articles to Camera Craft, a photographic journal affiliated with the club. He exhibited his work in the first three San Francisco Photographic Salons (1901-3), as well as in other salons in Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago.\r\n\tAfter losing all of his work in the 1906 earthquake, Dassonville left San Francisco for the Sierra Nevada. He later returned to the city, reestablishing his studio and exhibiting his photographs made in the mountains. In the early 1920s he began making photographic paper for his own use and in 1924 gave up his studio to concentrate on the manufacture of \"Dassonville\" paper. M.M.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1879", "death_year": "1957", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1999-06-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1919, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1924", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-01 06:52:13.644000"}, {"id": 150162, "accession_number": "1980.79", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Communion Cup, 1671\u201372. England, London. Silver gilt; overall: 25.3 x 12.9 cm (9 15/16 x 5 1/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1980.79", "current_location": "203A British Painting and Decorative Arts", "title": "Communion Cup", "creation_date": "1671\u201372", "creation_date_earliest": 1671, "creation_date_latest": 1672, "artists_tags": [], "culture": ["England, London"], "technique": "silver gilt", "support_materials": [], "department": "Decorative Art and Design", "collection": "Decorative Arts", "type": "Silver", "measurements": "Overall: 25.3 x 12.9 cm (9 15/16 x 5 1/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"overall": {"height": 0.253, "height_inch": 9, "height_inch_fraction": 0.9375, "width": 0.129, "width_inch": 5, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0625}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "engraved on body of cup:  \"My Bloud is Drinke indeed.\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 304521, "title": "Year in Review: 1980", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1980</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer) (June 24-July 19, 1981).", "opening_date": "1981-06-24T04:00:00"}, {"id": 309664, "title": "Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink", "description": "<i>Consuming Passions: The Art of Food and Drink</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (July 26-October 9, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-07-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 310040, "title": "Collecting Drawings in England", "description": "<i>Collecting Drawings in England</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 3, 1987-January 17, 1988).", "opening_date": "1987-11-03T05:00:00"}, {"id": 306699, "title": "British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)", "description": "<i>British Gallery Reinstallation  (June 2020)</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art (organizer).", "opening_date": "2020-06-30T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "No legacy exhibitions.", "opening_date": null}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(Brand Inglis, London, 1980, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "?-1980", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1980-", "sortorder": 2}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The words engraved along the exterior of this cup, \"My Bloud is Drinke indeed,\u201d refer to Christ\u2019s instructions during the Last Supper, as described in the New Testament of the Christian Bible.", "description": "This cup was produced shortly after the death of Oliver Cromwell (1599\u20131658), a leader of the English Civil War and Lord Protector of the British Isles from 1653 to 1658. An intensely religious man, Cromwell believed that the Reformation (1517\u20131648) failed to sufficiently eliminate Catholic beliefs and practices in Great Britain. The simplified shape and design of this vessel reflects his desire to visually differentiate Protestant communion cups from the chalices used by the Roman Catholic Church.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60742908"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1980.79-communion-cup"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 190; Mentioned: p. 213, no. 78", "url": "http://www.jstor.org/stable/25159730"}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1980.79", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.79/1980.79_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "225231", "filename": "1980.79_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.79/1980.79_print.jpg", "width": "2627", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3405783", "filename": "1980.79_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.79/1980.79_full.tif", "width": "4118", "height": "5329", "filesize": "65865168", "filename": "1980.79_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.79/1980.79_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "690", "height": "893", "filesize": "221054"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.79/1980.79_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2628", "height": "3400", "filesize": "3379450"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1980.79/1980.79_alt0_full.tif", "width": "4279", "height": "5537", "filesize": "71109100"}, "date_created": "2008-05-06T18:02:33", "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 150162, "creators": [], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1980-09-09T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1671, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1671\u201372", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:45:23.311000"}, {"id": 157680, "accession_number": "1995.179", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Monsieur Merlen, 1861. Andr\u00e9 Adolphe-Eug\u00e8ne Disd\u00e9ri (French, 1819\u20131889). Albumen print from wet collodion negative, uncut carte-de-visite proof print; image: 19.9 x 23.1 cm (7 13/16 x 9 1/8 in.); matted: 35.6 x 45.7 cm (14 x 18 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Gift of Paula and Robert Hershkowitz in memory of Sam Wagstaff, 1995.179", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "Monsieur Merlen", "creation_date": "1861", "creation_date_earliest": 1861, "creation_date_latest": 1861, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "albumen print from wet collodion negative, uncut carte-de-visite proof print", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "Photography", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 19.9 x 23.1 cm (7 13/16 x 9 1/8 in.); Matted: 35.6 x 45.7 cm (14 x 18 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.199, "height_inch": 7, "height_inch_fraction": 0.8125, "width": 0.231, "width_inch": 9, "width_inch_fraction": 0.125}, "matted": {"height": 0.356, "height_inch": 14, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.457, "width_inch": 18, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "Written in ink on recto: \"25055 [sic]\"; in pencil on verso: \"24055 x M. Merlen\"; in blue crayon on verso: \"24055\"", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 188432, "title": "19th-Century French Portrait Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>19th-Century French Portrait Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 27-August 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197576, "title": "France at the Dawn of Photography", "description": "<i>France at the Dawn of Photography</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 24, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 286506, "title": "Cheating Death: Portrait Photography\u2019s First Half Century", "description": "<i>Cheating Death: Portrait Photography\u2019s First Half Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 22, 2016-February 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 316500, "title": "PROOF: Photography in the Era of the Contact Sheet", "description": "<i>PROOF: Photography in the Era of the Contact Sheet</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 7-November 29, 2020).", "opening_date": "2020-02-07T05:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": []}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "The carte-de-visite process was so inexpensive, Monsieur Merlen felt he could clown around, riding a child's toy horse in the first two exposures.", "description": "The carte-de-visite, a small photograph mounted on card stock, was patented by Andr\u00e9 Adolphe-Eug\u00e8ne Disd\u00e9ri in 1854. This efficient, inexpensive process employed a camera with four lenses and a sliding plate holder that produced eight sequential exposures on a single glass negative. The resulting paper print was cut into individual images. This uncut sheet, which includes several humorous views, was probably produced for the sitter\u2019s approval. The low cost of the carte-de-visite led to the trend of collecting celebrity portraits. By 1862, Disd\u00e9ri\u2019s studio was producing over 2,000 prints a day, making him reputedly the world\u2019s richest photographer.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79974775"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1995.179-monsieur-merlen"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 140", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1995.179", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.179/1995.179_web.jpg", "width": "1036", "height": "893", "filesize": "647957", "filename": "1995.179_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.179/1995.179_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2930", "filesize": "5491748", "filename": "1995.179_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1995.179/1995.179_full.tif", "width": "4596", "height": "3961", "filesize": "54649216", "filename": "1995.179_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "Gift of Paula and Robert Hershkowitz in memory of Sam Wagstaff", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 157680, "creators": [{"id": 358, "description": "Andr\u00e9 Adolphe-Eug\u00e8ne Disd\u00e9ri (French, 1819\u20131889)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "Andr\u00e9-Adolphe-Eug\u00e8ne Disd\u00e9ri French, 1819-1889 Disd\u00e9ri is best known as a portraitist and popularizer of the carte-de-visite. He spent 10 years as a painter and working in the theater, and another five in the clothing business, before becoming seriously interested in photography around age 30. He first operated studios in Brest and N\u00eemes, then moved to Paris and opened a studio in 1854, and a second in 1863. In 1854 Disd\u00e9ri patented the carte-de-visite, a method of producing a number of small images on a single negative that achieved great popularity. He later opened additional studios in London, Madrid, and Toulon. Disd\u00e9ri was one of the best known portrait photographers of his day, with many important commissions and sitters. Like Mathew Brady, he was an innovator and entrepreneur as well as an artist. The carte-de-visite, which he did not invent, but rather adapted, helped photography to become increasingly versatile as a medium and available to people of all means. In 1879 Disd\u00e9ri sold his business and moved to Nice. Despite his success, he died 10 years later in Paris in poverty, obscurity, and poor health. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1819", "death_year": "1889", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1995-12-04T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1861, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1861", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:12:13.312000"}, {"id": 159470, "accession_number": "1996.245", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "Sarah Bernhardt in \"Zaire\" by Voltaire, 1874. \u00c9tienne Carjat (French, 1828\u20131906). Albumen print from wet collodion negative; image: 27.3 x 21.3 cm (10 3/4 x 8 3/8 in.); matted: 50.8 x 40.6 cm (20 x 16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, John L. Severance Fund, 1996.245", "current_location": "230 Photography", "title": "Sarah Bernhardt in \"Zaire\" by Voltaire", "creation_date": "1874", "creation_date_earliest": 1874, "creation_date_latest": 1874, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "albumen print from wet collodion negative", "support_materials": [], "department": "Photography", "collection": "Photography", "type": "Photograph", "measurements": "Image: 27.3 x 21.3 cm (10 3/4 x 8 3/8 in.); Matted: 50.8 x 40.6 cm (20 x 16 in.)", "dimensions": {"image": {"height": 0.273, "height_inch": 10, "height_inch_fraction": 0.75, "width": 0.213, "width_inch": 8, "width_inch_fraction": 0.375}, "matted": {"height": 0.508, "height_inch": 20, "height_inch_fraction": 0.0, "width": 0.406, "width_inch": 16, "width_inch_fraction": 0.0}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 188432, "title": "19th-Century French Portrait Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>19th-Century French Portrait Photography from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 27-August 9, 2000).", "opening_date": "2000-05-27T00:00:00"}, {"id": 197576, "title": "France at the Dawn of Photography", "description": "<i>France at the Dawn of Photography</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 4, 2009-January 24, 2010).", "opening_date": "2009-10-04T00:00:00"}, {"id": 286506, "title": "Cheating Death: Portrait Photography\u2019s First Half Century", "description": "<i>Cheating Death: Portrait Photography\u2019s First Half Century</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (October 22, 2016-February 5, 2017).", "opening_date": "2016-10-22T04:00:00"}, {"id": 705705, "title": "France in the Time of Manet and Morisot", "description": "<i>France in the Time of Manet and Morisot</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-August 23, 2026).", "opening_date": "2026-05-10T04:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "Paris, A l'Image du Grenier sur l'Eau, Sylvain and Yves Di Maris, Nov. 9 - Dec. 22, 1990: \"Etienne Carjar, 1828-1906: Photographies d'Acteurs,\" exhibition catalogue no. 16, p. 16, repr. p. 18.", "opening_date": "1990-11-09T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Photographer \u00c9tienne Carjat established his reputation through celebrity portraiture.", "description": "Famed French actress Sarah Bernhardt is seen here as the star of <em>Zaire</em>, a play by the French author Voltaire first performed in 1732. The actress, who studied sculpture, exhibited work in the Paris Salon for the first time in 1874. She just missed being in the same show as Morisot, who exhibited regularly at the Salon from 1864 to 1873, but in 1874 decided instead to show in the first Impressionist exhibition. \u00c9douard Manet produced many portraits of actresses and performers.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79979088"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1996.245-sarah-bernhardt-in-z"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Tom E Hinson. <em>Catalogue of Photography</em>. Cleveland, OH: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1996.", "page_number": "Reproduced: P. 120", "url": ""}], "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1996.245", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.245/1996.245_web.jpg", "width": "701", "height": "893", "filesize": "350824", "filename": "1996.245_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.245/1996.245_print.jpg", "width": "2668", "height": "3400", "filesize": "4877038", "filename": "1996.245_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1996.245/1996.245_full.tif", "width": "3904", "height": "4976", "filesize": "58309292", "filename": "1996.245_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [], "creditline": "John L. Severance Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": "Mark Schwartz and Bettina Katz Photography Galleries", "athena_id": 159470, "creators": [{"id": 299, "description": "\u00c9tienne Carjat (French, 1828\u20131906)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "\u00c9tienne Carjat French, 1828-1906\r\n\r\nBorn in Fareins, \u00c9tienne Carjat and his friend and contemporary Nadar are considered the masters of 19th-century French portrait photography. Like Nadar, whose immense reputation tended to overshadow his own, Carjat was a caricaturist and journalist, and much involved in politics and the arts. In style, however, he was more straightforward and less overtly dramatic than Nadar, frequently portraying his subjects in simple settings and showing close attention to expression, pose, detail, and line.\r\n\tAfter study with Pierre Petit in 1858, Carjat first took up photography to produce his series Le Panth\u00e9on Parisien in the early 1860s. He had several studios in Paris, from which he conducted a portrait business and contributed to the important series Galeries des c\u00e9l\u00e9brit\u00e9s contemporaines. Among his sitters were \u00c9mile Zola, Antonio Rossini, Charles Baudelaire, and Gustave Courbet. Carjat was a founder of the satirical journal Diog\u00e8ne (1856), as well as an author, actor, poet, and playwright. He became less active in photography after 1867 and reportedly ceased altogether after 1875. In 1878 he and Nadar are believed to have been the only mourners at the burial of their fellow caricaturist, the acerbic Honor\u00e9 Daumier. T.W.F.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1828", "death_year": "1906", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1996-06-03T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1874, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "1874", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 08:16:07.187000"}, {"id": 147526, "accession_number": "1973.36", "share_license_status": "CC0", "tombstone": "The Prisoner, c. 1816\u201322. Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825). Black chalk on cream laid paper; sheet: 13.1 x 19.6 cm (5 3/16 x 7 11/16 in.). The Cleveland Museum of Art, Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund, 1973.36", "current_location": null, "title": "The Prisoner", "creation_date": "c. 1816\u201322", "creation_date_earliest": 1816, "creation_date_latest": 1822, "artists_tags": ["male"], "culture": ["France, 19th century"], "technique": "black chalk on cream laid paper", "support_materials": [{"description": "cream(3) laid paper", "watermarks": []}], "department": "Drawings", "collection": "DR - French", "type": "Drawing", "measurements": "Sheet: 13.1 x 19.6 cm (5 3/16 x 7 11/16 in.)", "dimensions": {"sheet": {"height": 0.131, "height_inch": 5, "height_inch_fraction": 0.1875, "width": 0.196, "width_inch": 7, "width_inch_fraction": 0.6875}}, "state_of_the_work": null, "edition_of_the_work": null, "copyright": null, "inscriptions": [{"inscription": "inscribed, at upper left, in black chalk: L. David, Brux.; inscribed, on an old support, now removed: 1 des. de L. David.", "inscription_translation": null, "inscription_remark": null, "sortorder": null}], "exhibitions": {"current": [{"id": 301878, "title": "Year in Review: 1973", "description": "<i>Year in Review: 1973</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 30-March 17, 1974).", "opening_date": "1974-01-30T05:00:00"}, {"id": 309654, "title": "The Lessons of the Academy", "description": "<i>The Lessons of the Academy</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (February 8-May 29, 1983).", "opening_date": "1983-02-08T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311734, "title": "Treasures on Paper", "description": "<i>Treasures on Paper</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (May 10-July 24, 1988).", "opening_date": "1988-05-10T04:00:00"}, {"id": 441416, "title": "Jacques-Louis David", "description": "<i>Jacques-Louis David</i>. Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris, France (October 26, 1988-February 12, 1989); Mus\u00e9e National de Ch\u00e2teau de Versailles, 78 008 Versailles cedex, France (October 26, 1988-February 12, 1989).", "opening_date": "1989-10-26T04:00:00"}, {"id": 311467, "title": "Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure", "description": "<i>Directions in Drawing II: The Human Figure</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (November 5, 1991-January 12, 1992).", "opening_date": "1991-11-05T05:00:00"}, {"id": 311635, "title": "French Drawings from the Collection", "description": "<i>French Drawings from the Collection</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (December 13, 1994-March 12, 1995).", "opening_date": "1994-12-13T05:00:00"}, {"id": 223677, "title": "Jacques-Louis David: Empire to Exile", "description": "<i>Jacques-Louis David: Empire to Exile</i>. J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA (February 1-April 24, 2005); Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, MA (organizer) (June 5-September 5, 2005).", "opening_date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00"}, {"id": 361567, "title": "Jacques Louis David: Radical Draftsman", "description": "<i>Jacques Louis David: Radical Draftsman</i>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY (organizer) (February 14-May 15, 2022) https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2022/jacques-louis-david-radical-draftsman.", "opening_date": "2022-02-17T05:00:00"}, {"id": 324628, "title": "Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art", "description": "<i>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings from the Cleveland Museum of Art</i>. The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (organizer) (January 20-June 11, 2023).", "opening_date": "2023-01-19T05:00:00"}], "legacy": [{"description": "<em>Old Master Drawings Presented by Adolphe Stein and Lorna Lowe. </em>H. Terry-Engell Gallery, London (July 3 - 15, 1972).", "opening_date": "1972-07-03T00:00:00"}]}, "provenance": [{"description": "(sale, H\u00f4tel Drouot, Paris, February 9, 1972, no. 13 bis, sold to Adolphe Stein, Paris and London)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972", "sortorder": 1}, {"description": "(Adolphe Stein, Paris and London, sold to Eugene V. Thaw, New York)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972", "sortorder": 2}, {"description": "(Eugene V. Thaw, sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH)", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1972 - 1973", "sortorder": 3}, {"description": "Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH", "citations": [], "footnotes": null, "date": "1973-", "sortorder": 4}], "find_spot": null, "related_works": [], "former_accession_numbers": [], "did_you_know": "Scholars have suggested that Jacques-Louis David might have intended this drawing as a portrait of Napoleon Bonaparte, who the artist supported. The former leader died a prisoner on the island of Saint Helena in 1821.", "description": "This drawing belongs to a series of enigmatic sheets that the French artist Jacques-Louis David created while living as an exile in Brussels from 1816 until his death in 1825. Many of these untitled works present close-up views of expressive heads and were given by the artist to his friends. This image of a turbaned man next to a hanging chain and oil lamp loosely references David's painting <em>The Intercession of Saint Roch</em> (1780) from much earlier in his career.", "external_resources": {"wikidata": ["https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79926754"], "internet_archive": ["https://archive.org/details/clevelandart-1973.36-the-prisoner"]}, "citations": [{"citation": "Se\u0301rullaz, Arlette. \u201cA propos de quelques dessins de Jacques-Louis David pour \u2018Mars d\u00e9sarm\u00e9\u0301 par Ve\u0301nus et les Gr\u00e2ces.\u2019\u201d <em>Bulletin des muse\u0301es royaux des beaux-arts de Belgique</em> 21, nos. 1\u20134 (1972): 107-116.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 107n2", "url": null}, {"citation": "<em>Dessins, aquarelles, pastels, gouaches </em>[. . .] <em>tableaux anciens et du XIXe si\u00e8cle</em>. Paris: H\u00f4tel Drouot, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned: no. 13 bis", "url": ""}, {"citation": "<em>Old Master Drawings Presented by Adolphe Stein and Lorna Lowe</em>. Exh. Cat. London: H. Terry-Engell Gallery, 1972.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 9, no. 74", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Nash, Steven A. \u201cThe Drawings of Jacques-Louis David: Selected Problems.\u201d PhD diss., Stanford University, 1973.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 241, n. 439", "url": null}, {"citation": "Lee, Sherman E. \"The Year in Review for 1973.\" <em>Bulletin of the Cleveland Museum of Art</em> 61, no. 2 (February 1974): 31-78.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 75, no. 65; Reproduced: p. 46", "url": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/25152513"}, {"citation": "Coekelberghs, Denis and Pierre Loze. <em>Autour du n\u00e9o-classicisme en belgique, 1770\u20131830</em>. Exh. cat. Brussels: Muse\u0301e Communal des Beaux-Arts d\u2019Ixelles, 1985.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 28, 189, no. 148", "url": null}, {"citation": "Schnapper, Antoine and Arlette S\u00e9rullaz. <em>Jacques-Louis David, 1748\u20131825</em>. Exh. cat. Paris: Muse\u0301e du Louvre, 1989.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 106, no. 245; Reproduced: p. 554", "url": null}, {"citation": "Noe\u0308l, Bernard. <em>David</em>. New York: Crown, 1989.", "page_number": "Reproduced: p. 48", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Johnson, Dorothy. <em>Jacques-Louis David: Art in Metamorphosis</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 231-33; Reproduced: p. 232", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Dorothy. <em>Jacques-Louis David: The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis.</em>. Los Angeles: Getty Museum, 1997.", "page_number": "Mentioned: pp. 30-31; Reproduced: p. 30", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Lajer-Burcharth, Ewa. <em>Necklines: The Art of Jacques-Louis David after the Terror</em>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 324, n. 94", "url": null}, {"citation": "Rosenberg, Pierre and Louis-Antoine Prat. <em>Jacques-Louis David, 1748\u20131825: Catalogue raisonn\u00e9 des dessins</em>. Milan: Leonardo Arte, 2002.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: vol. 1, p. 352, no. 393", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Bordes, Philippe. <em>Jacques-Louis David: Empire to Exile. </em>Exh. cat. Williamstown, MA: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2005.", "page_number": "Mentioend: p. 284, no. 43; Reproduced: p. 285", "url": null}, {"citation": "Johnson, Dorothy. \u201cLines of Thought: David\u2019s Aporetic Late Drawings.\". In <em>David after David</em>, edited by Mark Ledbury. Williamstown, MA: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned: p. 160", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Padiyar, Satish. \u201cDispossessed: On \u2018Late\u2019 David.\" In <em>David after David</em>, edited by Mark Ledbury. Williamstown, MA: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2007.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 310", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Prat, Louis-Antoine. <em>Le Dessin fran\u00e7ais au XIXe si\u00e8cle</em>. Paris: Louvre Editions, 2012.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 65", "url": null}, {"citation": "Crow, Thomas E.<em> Restoration: The Fall of Napoleon in the Course of European Art, 1812\u20131820</em>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018.", "page_number": "Reproduced and mentioned: p. 139", "url": null}, {"citation": "David, Jacques Louis, and Perrin Stein. Jacques Louis David: Radical Draftsman. 2022, 253.", "page_number": "Reproduced; p. 253, No. 81.", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Stein, Perrin. <em>Jacques-Louis David: Radical Draftsman</em>. Exh. cat. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2022.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: pp. 253, no. 81, 258", "url": ""}, {"citation": "Salsbury, Britany. <em>Nineteenth-Century French Drawings: The Cleveland Museum of Art</em>. Lewes, UK, Cleveland, Ohio: GILES; Cleveland Museum of Art, 2023.", "page_number": "Mentioned and reproduced: p. 80-83, no. 5b", "url": ""}], "catalogue_raisonne": "Rosenberg and Prat 393", "url": "https://clevelandart.org/art/1973.36", "images": {"annotation": null, "web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.36/1973.36_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "858", "filesize": "830860", "filename": "1973.36_web.jpg"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.36/1973.36_print.jpg", "width": "3400", "height": "2310", "filesize": "6308053", "filename": "1973.36_print.jpg"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.36/1973.36_full.tif", "width": "6395", "height": "4344", "filesize": "83378000", "filename": "1973.36_full.tif"}}, "alternate_images": [{"web": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.36/1973.36_alt0_web.jpg", "width": "1263", "height": "853", "filesize": "865980"}, "print": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.36/1973.36_alt0_print.jpg", "width": "2048", "height": "1383", "filesize": "2288306"}, "full": {"url": "https://openaccess-cdn.clevelandart.org/1973.36/1973.36_alt0_full.tif", "width": "2048", "height": "1383", "filesize": "8500100"}, "annotation": ""}], "creditline": "Purchase from the J. H. Wade Fund", "image_credit": null, "sketchfab_id": null, "sketchfab_url": null, "gallery_donor_text": null, "athena_id": 147526, "creators": [{"id": 1643, "description": "Jacques-Louis David (French, 1748\u20131825)", "extent": null, "qualifier": null, "role": "artist", "biography": "The founder and leading painter of the neoclassical movement in France, Jacques-Louis David was born in Paris to a prosperous family of artists and archi-tects. In 1766 he entered the Acad\u00e9mie Royale as the pupil of Joseph-Marie Vien (1716-1809). After several failed attempts, David won the Prix de Rome in 1774. The following year he left for Italy, where he studied antique art and envisioned replacing the frivolity of the rococo with an art of grandeur, simplicity, and moral virtue. After returning to Paris in 1780, he established his reputa-tion with three spectacular successes at the Salon: The Oath of the Horatii (1785, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), The Death of Socrates (1787, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York), and The Lictors Bring-ing Brutus the Bodies of His Sons (1789, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris). Widely interpreted as moral parables for contemporary political events, these archetypes of neoclassical aesthetics set the standard for academic painting of the next century. In the 1790s David joined the radical Jacobin Club and played an active role in the French Revolution. He allied himself with Robespierre, served a short term as president of the Convention, and voted for the execution of Louis XVI. He also placed his artistic talents at the service of the Revolution by creating paintings that glorified its martyrs and by organizing public festivals that celebrated the new political order. As the most prominent artist in the revolutionary ranks, he led the attack against the Acad\u00e9mie Royale that culminated in its abolish-ment in 1793. When the excesses of the Reign of Terror precipitated the fall of Robespierre in 1794, David was imprison-ed but spared execution. Authorities released him the following year due to ill health. Around 1798 David developed a new alliance with the brilliant young general of the Directory, Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte. David's painting The Intervention of the Sabine Women (1799, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris) coalesced perfectly with Napoleonic propaganda urging national reconciliation. After the coup d'\u00e9tat of 1799, Napol\u00e9on was named first consul and began supplying David with important commissions. Upon Napol\u00e9on's coronation in 1804, David was appointed first painter to the emperor. David's monumental painting The Coronation of Napol\u00e9on, or Le Sacre (1805-7, Mus\u00e9e du Louvre, Paris), introduced a less spartan, more colorful and emotive style. However, as seen in his life-size portrait Napol\u00e9on in His Study (1812, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), David increasingly searched to balance this new heroic-romanticism with an exacting realism. In 1816, following Napol\u00e9on's defeat at Waterloo and the restoration of the monarchy, David went into exile in Belgium. He spent the last nine years of his life in Brussels, painting mostly mythological subjects and portraits. David died of a stroke in 1825 and was denied burial in France.", "name_in_original_language": null, "birth_year": "1748", "death_year": "1825", "use_in_caption": true, "include_extent": false, "weight": 1}], "legal_status": "accessioned", "accession_date": "1973-05-07T00:00:00", "sortable_date": 1816, "date_added_to_oa": null, "date_text": "c. 1816\u201322", "collapse_artists": false, "on_loan": false, "recently_acquired": false, "record_type": "object", "conservation_statement": null, "has_conservation_images": false, "cover_accession_number": null, "is_nazi_era_provenance": false, "impression": null, "alternate_titles": [], "is_highlight": false, "updated_at": "2026-05-29 07:33:55.992000"}]}